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Escandón-Nagel N, Peró-Cebollero M, Grau A, Soriano J, Feixas G. Overvaluation of weight and shape in obesity: a comparative study between people with and without binge eating disorder. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1414455. [PMID: 38979078 PMCID: PMC11229786 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1414455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The overvaluation of weight and shape is a diagnostic criterion in eating disorders, except in binge eating disorder (BED), where it has received less attention. This aspect is also not usually analyzed in people with overweight or obesity without an eating disorder. This research aims to identify the indicators of symptomatology, as well as those of self-construction and cognitive structure, that are associated with overvaluation in obesity, either alone or in conjunction with BED. Method A sample of 102 overweight or obese participants was accessed. The sample was divided into four groups: one without overvaluation or BED (n = 33); a second with overvaluation and without BED (n = 21); a third with BED, but without overvaluation (n = 15), and a fourth with BED and overvaluation (n = 33). The groups completed instruments regarding eating symptomatology, anxiety, depression, and stress. In addition, they were administered the Repertory Grid Technique, a semi-structured interview to evaluate the cognitive structure involved in the construal of the self and others. Results The factors of overvaluation and the presence of BED independently explained eating symptomatology, and the latter also showed a tendency to influence anxiety, depression, and stress. In terms of cognitive structure, weight polarization was explained by overvaluation, while BED was associated with a high presence of cognitive conflicts. In self-construction, BED was the factor that explained the differences, particularly in Self-Ideal discrepancy. Discussion The results highlight the importance of overvaluation in obesity, even in the absence of BED. Its evaluation and treatment are recommended. Furthermore, in the case of BED, it is also advisable to evaluate the overvaluation of weight and shape since it can be a severity specifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Escandón-Nagel
- Departament of Psychology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Maribel Peró-Cebollero
- Departament de Psicología Social i Psicología Quantitativa, Facultat de Psicología, Institut de Neurociències de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José Soriano
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Feixas
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Nicoletta J, Mosco R, Enouy S, Tabri N. Momentary appearance focused self-concept is associated with dietary restraint and binge eating in female university students: An experience sampling study. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:1245-1252. [PMID: 38450762 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Appearance focused self-concept (i.e., overvaluing the importance of appearance for self-definition and self-worth) is theorized to predict dietary restraint and binge eating in the short-term (e.g., daily life). Yet, no research has examined whether appearance focused self-concept increases within-persons during a day and if such increases are linked to greater dietary restraint and binge eating for that day. We addressed this gap in knowledge. METHOD Sixty-three female university students completed four items from the Beliefs About Appearance Scale as a measure of appearance focused self-concept six times per day (9 am, 11 am, 1 pm, 3 pm, 5 pm, and 7 pm) for 14 days. Daily at 9 pm, they completed measures of dietary restraint and binge eating for that day. RESULTS Analyzing data from 555 days, latent growth curve analyses revealed a small-to-moderate linear increase in appearance focused self-concept from 9 am to 3 pm that plateaued from 3 to 7 pm. A more rapid linear increase in appearance focused self-concept from 9 am to 3 pm was associated with greater binge-eating frequency during that day, but not with dietary restraint. The findings were observed when adjusting for between-day appearance focused self-concept at 9 am, which was positively associated with dietary restraint and binge-eating frequency. DISCUSSION Findings are discussed in relation to research on appearance focused self-concept as a risk factor for disordered eating. Findings are also discussed in relation to how sociocultural factors may increase appearance focused self-concept over time. Future research should delve into the within-day dynamic interplay between appearance focused self-concept and disordered eating. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Our study revealed a noteworthy increase in the importance women attach to their appearance over the course of a day, correlating with increased binge eating during that day. Additionally, heightened appearance importance at the onset of a day was associated with more dietary restraint and binge eating during that day. These findings suggest a shorter timescale for the connection between appearance importance and disordered eating than previously understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Nicoletta
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rose Mosco
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Enouy
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Mental Health and Well-being Research and Training Hub (MeWeRTH), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nassim Tabri
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Mental Health and Well-being Research and Training Hub (MeWeRTH), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Yamamiya Y, Desjardins CD, Stice E. Sequencing of symptom emergence in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and purging disorder in adolescent girls and relations of prodromal symptoms to future onset of these eating disorders. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4657-4665. [PMID: 37698515 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To advance knowledge regarding the etiology of eating disorders, we characterized the sequencing of eating disorder symptom emergence for adolescent girls who subsequently developed anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and purging disorder (PD) for community-recruited adolescents and tested whether prodromal symptoms increased risk for future onset of each eating disorder. METHODS Data collected from adolescent girls (N = 496; M age = 13.02, s.d.= 0.73) who completed a diagnostic interview annually over an 8-year period were used to address these aims. RESULTS For all four eating disorders, compensatory weight-control behaviors were the first behavioral symptom to emerge and weight/shape overvaluation was the first cognitive symptom to emerge. Moreover, lower-than-expected BMI predicted future AN onset, binge eating and all cognitive symptoms predicted future BN onset, weight/shape overvaluation predicted future BED onset, and compensatory behavior and all cognitive symptoms predicted future PD onset. These predictive effects were small-to-large in magnitude. Collectively, prodromal symptoms predicted an eating disorder onset with 83-87% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that compensatory weight-control behaviors and weight/shape overvaluation typically emerge before other prodromal symptoms in all eating disorders during adolescence. Moreover, different prodromal symptoms seem to predict future onset of different eating disorders. Screening adolescent girls for these prodromal symptoms and implementing indicated prevention programs designed to reduce these symptoms may prove effective in preventing future onset of eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Stice
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, US
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Smith KE, Mason TB. Psychiatric comorbidity associated with weight status in 9 to 10 year old children. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12883. [PMID: 35048539 PMCID: PMC9040467 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric overweight and obesity (OW/OB) constitute a serious public health concern. Given that psychological problems may be key contributors to the onset and maintenance of paediatric obesity, the present study examined past and current psychiatric comorbidities across the weight spectrum during middle childhood among a nationally representative sample. METHODS Participants were 11 708 9- to 10-year-old children (31.6% with OW/OB) and their caregivers who participated in the first wave of data collection in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Logistic regressions were used to examine the association between weight status (i.e., underweight, healthy weight, OW, OB) and likelihood of current/past psychiatric diagnoses. RESULTS Compared to healthy weight children, those with OW/OB were more likely to have current/past major depressive disorder and binge eating disorder. Relative to healthy weight children, those with OB were more likely to have prior separation anxiety disorder, current specific phobia and oppositional defiant disorder; those with OW were more likely to have PTSD; and those with underweight were more likely to have ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest cross-sectional associations among negative emotionality, binge eating, and OW/OB, and highlight the need for ongoing prospective research to investigate directionality of associations and mechanisms of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Lister NB, Baur LA, Paxton SJ, Jebeile H. Contextualising Eating Disorder Concerns for Paediatric Obesity Treatment. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:322-331. [PMID: 33970441 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions that share risk factors with obesity. This review outlines the context for concerns that paediatric obesity treatment presents a risk for eating disorder development. RECENT FINDINGS Most children and adolescents undergoing professionally supervised obesity treatment will have improvements or no change to eating disorder risk profiles. However, some may subsequently develop a clinical eating disorder, and this is proposed to relate to weight-focussed dietary interventions that are standard in paediatric obesity treatment. Nevertheless, dietary restraint may not be a strong predictor of eating disorder risk in the context of paediatric obesity treatment. Most international guidelines recommend weight maintenance or weight loss as a treatment goal, and weight loss is related to improvements in cardiometabolic health but not eating disorder risk in the short term. The risk of inducing or exacerbating an eating disorder during paediatric weight management is likely to be low; however, the serious consequences combined with increasing scale of obesity treatment, and lack of empirical evidence, are of concern. There is a need for further research to identify long-term predictors of eating disorder development for children and adolescents who seek treatment for their obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie B Lister
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia.
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia.
| | - Louise A Baur
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- Weight Management Services, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Susan J Paxton
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hiba Jebeile
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
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Jebeile H, Cardel MI, Kyle TK, Jastreboff AM. Addressing psychosocial health in the treatment and care of adolescents with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1413-1422. [PMID: 34431234 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity affects 158 million youth worldwide and is associated with psychosocial comorbidity. This review describes weight management options utilized by adolescents, including both self-directed weight loss and medically supervised obesity treatment interventions, and associated psychosocial impacts. A majority of adolescents with obesity attempt to manage weight on their own, primarily through attempting weight loss, sometimes with supplement use. Approaches such as these are associated with a degree of risk, disordered eating behaviors, and further weight gain. In contrast, medically supervised multicomponent interventions are associated with improved psychosocial health, including quality of life, self-esteem, and body image, and reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. Few studies utilizing antiobesity pharmacotherapy have reported psychosocial outcomes, and trials of bariatric surgery show some early improvements with a need for sustained psychological support following surgery. Greater access to medically supervised treatment services is required to facilitate obesity care for adolescents. Early data on psychosocial health and obesity treatment offer promising outcomes; however, larger randomized controlled trials and longer-term data are needed. Future research should include both physiological and psychosocial outcomes to assess impact of interventions on the holistic health of adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Jebeile
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle I Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ania M Jastreboff
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology & Metabolism), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Associations between weight/shape overvaluation, sociodemographic features and BMI: 10-year time trends. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2001-2009. [PMID: 33098060 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of overvaluation across sociodemographic features and weight status over time. METHODS The data included sequential cross-sectional surveys with representative samples of the adolescent and adult (15 years or older) population in South Australia. Five surveys that assessed overvaluation were conducted in the years 2005 (n = 3047), 2008 (n = 3034), 2009 (n = 3007), 2015 (n = 3005) and 2016 (n = 3047). Overvaluation was assessed by structured interview based on the Eating Disorder Examination. To examine unique effects of demographic variables on the likelihood to report overvaluation, and also to examine whether this varied as a function of time, a multivariate binary logistic regression was computed. RESULTS Across survey years, participants who were more likely to endorse overvaluation were female (2005: OR 2.85, CI 2.04-3.99; 2008/9: OR 1.74, CI 1.50-2.01; 2015/6: OR 1.54, CI 1.34-1.76), had a BMI > 30 (2005: OR 3.93, CI 1.49-10.34; 2008/9: OR 2.22, CI 1.31-3.78; 2015/6: OR 2.09, CI 1.19-3.67), had left school (2015/6: OR 1.36, CI 1.14-1.63), and lived in the country (2015/6: OR 1.95, CI 1.69-2.24). Being in the oldest age group was protective against endorsing overvaluation in each survey year. There was also a main effect of survey year, with participants in the 2015/6 survey more likely to endorse overvaluation (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Female, young and obese people were more likely to endorse overvaluation; however, the prevalence of overvaluation increased significantly in all sociodemographic and BMI groups in since 2005-2016. EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE Level IV, evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention, such as case studies.
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Cella S, Cipriano A, Aprea C, Cotrufo P. Self-Esteem and Binge Eating among Adolescent Boys and Girls: The Role of Body Disinvestment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147496. [PMID: 34299947 PMCID: PMC8304970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although low self-esteem and body disinvestment have been recognized as potential risk factors for disordered eating, no studies have explored how these factors may work together to predict binge eating in adolescents. Therefore, we hypothesized a path model for girls and boys separately to investigate whether the body’s investment dimensions (feelings towards the body, physical touch, body care, body protection) mediate the relationship between self-esteem and binge eating, and age moderate such relationships. Participants were 1046 Italian students aged between 11 and 19 years (472 girls, Mage = 14.17; 574 boys, Mage = 14.60) screened through self-report measures. Both models showed an acceptable fit (males: χ2(22) = 30.441; RMSEA = 0.026; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.97; SRMR = 0.023; females: χ2(22) = 34.723; RMSEA = 0.35; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.95; SRMR = 0.029). Negative body feelings and reduced body protection fully mediated the relationship between self-esteem and binge eating, regardless of gender. Our findings highlight the importance of interventions promoting body emotional investment to reduce adolescents’ vulnerability to binge eating.
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Özdin S, Karabekiroğlu A, Özbalcı GS, Aker AA. The effect of cognitive symptoms in binge eating disorder on depression and self-esteem: a cross-sectional study. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1483-1489. [PMID: 32691335 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare individuals with class II and III obesity with and without binge eating disorder (BED) in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, eating behaviors, and cognitive variables thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. METHODS The participants were selected from volunteer patients with body mass index ≥ 35 applying to the Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty, Turkey, for bariatric surgery between 01.07.2016 and 31.05.2019. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) were administered to all participants. RESULTS Binge eating disorder (BED) was determined in 95 (34%) of the 278 individuals applying for bariatric surgery. The frequency of previous psychiatric diseases was higher in the BED group than in the non-BED group. BDI, RSES, total EDE-Q, weight concern, shape concern, and eating concern EDE-Q subscale scores were also higher in the BED group. Correlation analysis revealed positive low correlation between depression scores and total EDE-Q scores and all subscales scores, with the exception of restraint. Positive low correlation was determined between decreased self-esteem and body weight and shape concern. At multivariate regression analysis, cognitive variables explained 28.6% of variance in depressive symptoms in the BED group, and 21.5% of variance in self-esteem. CONCLUSION The study results showed elevation in cognitive factors in patients with BED compared to the controls. Among these variables, eating and weight concern were shown to be associated with depressive symptoms, while eating concern was linked to self-esteem. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selçuk Özdin
- Psychiatry Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Atakum, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Aytül Karabekiroğlu
- Psychiatry Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Atakum, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Selçuk Özbalcı
- General Surgery Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Arzu Alptekin Aker
- Psychiatry Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Atakum, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
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Escrivá-Martínez T, Herrero R, Molinari G, Rodríguez-Arias M, Verdejo-García A, Baños RM. Binge Eating and Binge Drinking: A Two-Way Road? An Integrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2402-2415. [PMID: 32175840 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200316153317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy diet and alcohol are serious health problems, especially in adolescents and young adults. "Binge" is defined as the excessive and uncontrolled consumption of food (binge eating) and alcohol (binge drinking). Both behaviors are frequent among young people and have a highly negative impact on health and quality of life. Several studies have explored the causes and risk factors of both behaviors, and the evidence concludes that there is a relationship between the two behaviors. In addition, some research postulates that binge eating is a precipitating factor in the onset and escalation of excessive alcohol consumption, while other studies suggest that alcohol consumption leads to excessive and uncontrollable food consumption. Given that no review has yet been published regarding the directionality between the two behaviors, we have set out to provide an upto- date overview of binge eating and binge drinking problems, analyzing their commonalities and differences, and their uni- and bidirectional associations. In addition, we explore the reasons why young people tend to engage in both behaviors and consider directions for future research and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Polibienestar Research Institute, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- Polibienestar Research Institute, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER-Obn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Molinari
- CIBER-Obn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, and Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rosa M Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Polibienestar Research Institute, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER-Obn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Tebar WR, Canhin DS, Colognesi LA, Morano AEVA, Silva DTC, Christofaro DGD. Body dissatisfaction and its association with domains of physical activity and of sedentary behavior in a sample of 15,632 adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 33:539-546. [PMID: 32549167 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Body image is widely related to behavioral factors in adolescents and negative levels has been associated to poor physical and mental health. This study analyzed the association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with body dissatisfaction in adolescents. Methods Data from 15,632 adolescents between 11 and 17 years from the Brazilian National Scholar Health Survey - PeNSE 2015 were analyzed. Body dissatisfaction was self-reported. Sedentary behavior was assessed by hours in television (TV) viewing and in overall sitting behaviors. Physical activity was assessed by amount of time in domains of active commuting, physical education classes at school, and physical activities outside the school. Analyses were adjusted by age, ethnicity, body mass index, and scholarity of mother. Results Body dissatisfaction prevalence was 18.5%, being higher in girls than boys (24.2 vs. 12.7%, p < 0.001). Female gender (OR = 2.35), higher age-group (OR = 1.64), high scholarity of mother (OR = 1.43), and had overweight/obesity (OR = 2.38/4.81) were positively related to body dissatisfaction. Higher sedentary time was associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescents when compared to less than 2 h/day of sedentary time (OR varying from 1.45 to 2.14). Physical activity was negatively associated with adolescent body dissatisfaction in all assessed domains, with odds ratio varying from 0.66 to 0.89. Conclusions Body dissatisfaction showed an independent association of with total sedentary behavior (positively) and with different domains of physical activity (negatively) in a large scholar sample of Brazilian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Tebar
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Roberto Simonsen Street, 305, 19060900, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Canhin
- Movement Sciences Post Graduation Program, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Lucas Antônio Colognesi
- Movement Sciences Post Graduation Program, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa von Ah Morano
- Movement Sciences Post Graduation Program, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Daniela T C Silva
- Post Graduation Program in Physiotherapy, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Diego G D Christofaro
- Movement Sciences Post Graduation Program, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Physiotherapy, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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12
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Smith JD, Fu E, Kobayashi MA. Prevention and Management of Childhood Obesity and Its Psychological and Health Comorbidities. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2020; 16:351-378. [PMID: 32097572 PMCID: PMC7259820 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-100219-060201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity has become a global pandemic in developed countries, leading to a host of medical conditions that contribute to increased morbidity and premature death. The causes of obesity in childhood and adolescence are complex and multifaceted, presenting researchers and clinicians with myriad challenges in preventing and managing the problem. This article reviews the state of the science for understanding the etiology of childhood obesity, the preventive interventions and treatment options for overweight and obesity, and the medical complications and co-occurring psychological conditions that result from excess adiposity, such as hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and depression. Interventions across the developmental span, varying risk levels, and service contexts (e.g.,community, school, home, health care systems) are reviewed. Future directions for research are offered with an emphasis on translational issues for taking evidence-based interventions to scale in a manner that will reduce the public health burden of the childhood obesity pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA; ,
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Emily Fu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA; ,
| | - Marissa A Kobayashi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA;
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Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Eichen DM, Kass AE, Trockel M, Crosby RD, Taylor CB, Wilfley DE. Reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid pathology among women at very high risk for eating disorder onset. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:1189-1198. [PMID: 29285745 PMCID: PMC6170712 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding how known eating disorder (ED) risk factors change in relating to one another over time may inform efficient intervention targets. We examined short-term (i.e., 1 month) reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid symptoms (i.e., depressed mood, anxiety) and behaviors (i.e., binge drinking) over the course of 24 months using cross-lagged panel models. METHODS Participants were 185 women aged 18-25 years at very high risk for ED onset, randomized to an online ED preventive intervention or waitlist control. We also tested whether relations differed based on intervention receipt. RESULTS Weight/shape concern in 1 month significantly predicted depressed mood the following month; depressed mood in 1 month also predicted weight/shape concern the following month, but the effect size was smaller. Likewise, weight/shape concern in 1 month significantly predicted anxiety the following month, but the reverse was not true. Results showed no temporal relations between weight/shape concern and binge drinking in either direction. Relations between weight/shape concern, and comorbid symptoms and behaviors did not differ based on intervention receipt. CONCLUSIONS Results support focusing intervention on reducing weight/shape concern over reducing comorbid constructs for efficient short-term change. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, evidence obtained from a properly designed randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E Fitzsimmons-Craft
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8134, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Dawn M Eichen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr., Suite C-203, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Andrea E Kass
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 1000, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Mickey Trockel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 120 S. 8th St., Box 1415, Fargo, ND, 58107, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - C Barr Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Center for m2Health, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Denise E Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8134, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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14
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Grilo CM, Ivezaj V, Lydecker JA, White MA. Toward an understanding of the distinctiveness of body-image constructs in persons categorized with overweight/obesity, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. J Psychosom Res 2019; 126:109757. [PMID: 31522010 PMCID: PMC6842703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined distinctiveness of different aspects of body-image disturbance in persons categorized with eating/weight disorders. We compared dissatisfaction with weight/shape, overvaluation of weight/shape, preoccupation with weight/shape, and fear of weight gain - in three study groups of persons categorized with overweight/obesity [O/O], bulimia nervosa [BN], and binge-eating disorder [BED] and examined how each body-image construct relates to clinical measures within and between the study groups. METHOD 1017 community volunteers completed measures of body-image, eating-disorder psychopathology, and depression. Participants were categorized into three study groups: O/O (N = 511), BN-purging type (N = 167), and BED (N = 339). RESULTS Groups differed significantly on the four body-image constructs (medium-to-large effect sizes) with a consistent severity gradient with BN greater than BED greater than O/O. Both within and between groups, the four body-image constructs varied in strengths of association among themselves and with clinical measures. Analyses revealed considerable variability in variance accounted for in the clinical measures; distinctive significant patterns observed across the groups included: dissatisfaction with BMI, preoccupation and fear with eating concerns and restraint, and overvaluation with depression. CONCLUSION Clinical manifestations of body-image disturbances are complex and show important differences across study groups defined as overweight/obesity, BN, and BED. Improved understanding of distinctions between different body-image constructs and their differential salience across different eating/weight disorders is needed to improve case conceptualization and treatment formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Grilo
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States of America; Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America.
| | - Valentina Ivezaj
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States of America
| | - Janet A Lydecker
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States of America
| | - Marney A White
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States of America; Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06519, United States of America
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15
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Abstract
Binge eating disorder onset often occurs during adolescence, yet the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder in this age group has been inadequately studied. Criteria and challenges in making the diagnosis in children and adolescents are reviewed, as well as prevalence rates, current treatment options, and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Bohon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5719, USA.
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16
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Hughes EK, Kerr JA, Patton GC, Sawyer SM, Wake M, Le Grange D, Azzopardi P. Eating disorder symptoms across the weight spectrum in Australian adolescents. Int J Eat Disord 2019; 52:885-894. [PMID: 31215675 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite known associations between eating disorders and obesity, little is known about the current prevalence of symptoms of eating disorders across the weight spectrum. This study therefore aimed to estimate the population prevalence of eating disorder symptoms in relation to weight status in adolescents. METHOD The sample comprised 3,270 participants (14-15 years; 52% boys) drawn from Wave 6 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) were assessed using self-report on the Branched Eating Disorder Test. This measure identifies clinically significant symptoms in the past 3 months according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. Using study-derived cross-sectional population weights, the prevalence of each symptom was estimated for the total population and by sex and weight status. RESULTS The estimated population prevalence was high (14.3-25.7%) for body image symptoms such as fear of weight gain and overvaluation of body weight but lower (0.5-3.7%) for behavioral symptoms such as binge eating and compensatory behaviors. Symptoms were more prevalent among adolescents with overweight or obesity. Although most symptoms tended to have higher prevalence among girls than boys, boys with obesity had higher prevalence of binge eating and excessive exercise than girls with obesity. The overall estimated population prevalence for AN and BN was 0.20% and 0.10%, respectively. DISCUSSION The study highlights a need for clinicians to be cognizant of disordered eating behaviors regardless of weight status and has implications for both eating disorder and obesity prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health & Department of Adolescent Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica A Kerr
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health & Department of Adolescent Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health & Department of Adolescent Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics & The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatryand UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (Emeritus)
| | - Peter Azzopardi
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health & Department of Adolescent Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Maternal and Child Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide
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17
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Santana DD, Mitchison D, Griffiths S, Appolinario JC, da Veiga GV, Touyz S, Hay P. Ten-year time trends in mental and physical health correlates of weight/shape overvaluation. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2019; 27:531-540. [PMID: 30895707 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between weight/shape overvaluation, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and functional role impairment (days out of role [DOR]) in the general population over 11 years. METHOD Five cross-sectional surveys of men and women representative of the South Australian population were conducted in 2005, 2008, 2009, 2015, and 2016 (ntotal = 15,140). Data were collected on demographics, overvaluation, HRQoL, DOR, and eating disorder behaviours. RESULTS Between 2005 and 2016, the prevalence of moderate overvaluation increased from 18.1% to 40.0%, marked overvaluation from 7.5% to 23.7%, and extreme overvaluation from 3.1% to 9.2% (all p < 0.001). Overvaluation at any level was associated with more DOR in 2005 but not in 2016, and the association between HRQoL impairment and overvaluation weakened over time. CONCLUSION Although the population prevalence of overvaluation has increased significantly in the past decade, the impairment associated with it appears to have reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Dias Santana
- Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Griffiths
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose Carlos Appolinario
- Group of Obesity and Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gloria Valeria da Veiga
- Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephen Touyz
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Sharpe H, Griffiths S, Choo TH, Eisenberg ME, Mitchison D, Wall M, Neumark-Sztainer D. The relative importance of dissatisfaction, overvaluation and preoccupation with weight and shape for predicting onset of disordered eating behaviors and depressive symptoms over 15 years. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:1168-1175. [PMID: 30194690 PMCID: PMC6289784 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the relative importance of dissatisfaction, overvaluation, and preoccupation with body weight and shape in predicting increases in disordered eating behaviors and depressive symptoms from adolescence through to early adulthood. METHOD The study involved 1,830 participants (60% female) who completed the Project EAT survey during adolescence (mean age = 14.90 years, SD = 1.65 years) and again, 15 years later, in early adulthood. Participants provided assessments of dissatisfaction, overvaluation and preoccupation with weight and shape, as well as disordered eating and depressive symptoms at both time points. RESULTS The three aspects of body image had distinct patterns of association with the outcomes both concurrently and longitudinally. Dissatisfaction predicted depressive symptoms as well as a wide range of disordered eating outcomes, including dieting, unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs), and binge eating, particularly in female participants. Preoccupation was associated with all of these disordered eating behaviors (but not with depressive symptoms) and was notably the strongest predictor of dieting and UWCBs in female participants. Overvaluation was associated with both disordered eating and depressive symptoms, although typically was a less potent predictor of difficulties than the other aspects of body image. DISCUSSION Dissatisfaction, overvaluation, and preoccupation are related but make distinct contributions to clinically significant outcomes. Models of eating disorders should move beyond focusing exclusively on dissatisfaction or overvaluation toward a broader conceptualisation of body image. Findings from this study particularly suggest the importance of considering preoccupation with weight and shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Sharpe
- Corresponding author: Helen Sharpe, Department of Clinical Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, +44 (0)131 6513 949,
| | - Scott Griffiths
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tse-Hwei Choo
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA
| | - Marla E. Eisenberg
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Australia; School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Melanie Wall
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, USA
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19
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Hayes JF, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Karam AM, Jakubiak J, Brown ML, Wilfley DE. Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviors in Youth with Overweight and Obesity: Implications for Treatment. Curr Obes Rep 2018; 7:235-246. [PMID: 30069717 PMCID: PMC6098715 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-018-0316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Children with obesity experience disordered eating attitudes and behaviors at high rates, which increases their risk for adult obesity and eating disorder development. As such, it is imperative to screen for disordered eating symptoms and identify appropriate treatments. RECENT FINDINGS Family-based multicomponent behavioral weight loss treatment (FBT) is effective at treating childhood obesity and demonstrates positive outcomes on psychosocial outcomes, including disordered eating. FBT utilizes a socio-ecological treatment approach that focuses on the development of individual and family healthy energy-balance behaviors as well as positive self- and body esteem, supportive family relationships, richer social networks, and the creation of a broader environment and community that facilitates overall physical and mental health. Existing literature suggests FBT is an effective treatment option for disordered eating and obesity in children. Future work is needed to confirm this conclusion and to examine the progression and interaction of obesity and disordered eating across development to identify the optimal time for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F Hayes
- Psychiatry Department, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ellen E Fitzsimmons-Craft
- Psychiatry Department, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anna M Karam
- Psychiatry Department, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jessica Jakubiak
- Psychiatry Department, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mackenzie L Brown
- Psychiatry Department, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Denise E Wilfley
- Psychiatry Department, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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20
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Lydecker JA, White MA, Grilo CM. Form and formulation: Examining the distinctiveness of body image constructs in treatment-seeking patients with binge-eating disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 2018; 85:1095-1103. [PMID: 29083224 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Body-image disturbance is a core aspect of eating disorders, yet the clinical manifestations of individuals' weight and shape concerns are complex, vary considerably, and are poorly understood by clinicians and researchers. This study aimed to distinguish different aspects of body-image disturbance-including weight/shape dissatisfaction, weight/shape overvaluation, weight/shape preoccupation, and fear of weight gain-in patients with binge-eating disorder (BED). Examining how each specific body image construct relates to biopsychosocial features of BED could contribute to the refinement of conceptualization and treatment planning. METHOD The current study assessed body-image disturbance and eating-disorder psychopathology in 748 treatment-seeking patients with BED using established investigator-based interviews reliably administered by doctoral clinicians. RESULTS The 4 body image constructs, although related to one another, showed some important similarities in associations with biopsychosocial clinical features, as well as some important distinctions. The relation between overvaluation and self-esteem was, as conceptualized, more strongly negative than for other body image variables, and preoccupation was more associated than other body image variables with eating concerns. Biopsychosocial features of BED were associated with different forms of body-image disturbance, but associations of body image variables with body mass index (BMI) were not significant and associations with binge-eating frequency did not differ across body image variables. CONCLUSION Manifestations of body-image disturbance in BED are complex and understanding the distinctions between different body image constructs can contribute to treatment formulation. (PsycINFO Database Record
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21
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Goldschmidt AB, Lavender JM, Hipwell AE, Stepp SD, Keenan K. Examining Two Prevailing Models of Loss of Control Eating Among Community-Based Girls. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:420-425. [PMID: 29280308 PMCID: PMC5783779 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal models of loss of control (LOC) eating have been underexplored in adolescents. METHODS By using data from community-based adolescent girls assessed annually over 4 years, the cognitive-behavioral (n = 416) and interpersonal (n = 418) models were examined by using a regression-based bootstrapping approach. RESULTS Body dissatisfaction at 14 years prospectively predicted LOC eating at 18 years, both directly (direct effect = -0.039; SE = 0.017; P = 0.02) and indirectly via dieting (indirect effect = -0.010; 95% CI: -0.022 to -0.003). Interpersonal functioning at 14 years was negatively associated with negative emotionality at 17 years, which, in turn, was prospectively associated with LOC eating at 18 years (indirect effect = 0.001; 95% CI: -0.001 to -0.0003); however, the direct association between age 14 interpersonal functioning and age 18 LOC eating was not significant (direct effect = -0.001; SE = 0.001; P = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the cognitive-behavioral model, and partially support the interpersonal model, with the latter findings implying that over time, negative emotionality may promote LOC eating independent of the effects of prior social functioning. Prevention and early intervention efforts for LOC eating may benefit from integrating these theoretical frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B. Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jason M. Lavender
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alison E. Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie D. Stepp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kate Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an update on the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) diagnosis of binge-eating disorder (BED) by presenting diagnostic criteria, associated risk factors and co-morbidities, and tools for assessment. An update on the currently available evidence-based treatments for adolescent BED is provided to help with the coordination of treatment planning for identified patients with this condition. RECENT FINDINGS BED is now officially included in the DSM. Research with youth has begun to show improvement from treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy, previously shown to be useful in adults. SUMMARY BED is common and often begins during youth. The availability of diagnostic criteria, along with increasing knowledge about the condition and available treatments, is expected to result in improved identification and management in younger patients.
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23
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Jalali-Farahani S, Alamdari S, Karimi M, Amiri P. Is overweight associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Tehranian school children? SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:313. [PMID: 27066345 PMCID: PMC4786555 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the association between overweight and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Tehranian school children. A total of 631 school children aged 8-14 year old were selected from elementary and secondary schools, and body weight status was determined according to WHO growth references for 5-19 year old children. Children were categorized into the overweight and non-overweight groups. The HRQoL was assessed using Iranian versions of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version™ 4.0 (PedsQL). Overweight elementary school boys had significantly higher scores for physical functioning, school functioning and total HRQoL, compared to non-overweight ones (p < 0.05). On the other hand, except for emotional functioning subscale, overweight secondary school boys had significantly lower HRQoL scores, compared to their non-overweight counterparts (p < 0.05). In girls, only social functioning subscale scores were significantly lower in elementary school girls compared to non-overweight ones (p < 0.05). Based on parents' perspective, overweight elementary school boys had poorer HRQoL compared to their non-overweight counterparts, significant only for emotional functioning (p < 0.05). For secondary school boys, overweight boys had lower HRQoL scores compared to non-overweight ones, significant for all subscales except for emotional functioning. Based on parents' reports, in both elementary and secondary school girls, there were no significant differences in HRQoL scores between overweight and non-overweight groups. To conclude, in boys while overweight significantly increased HRQoL in children, it significantly decreased HRQoL among adolescents. However, except for social functioning in elementary school girls, there was no significant association between HRQoL scores and overweight. Parents' reports showed an association between overweight and HRQoL, only in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jalali-Farahani
- />Research Center for Social Determinants of Endocrine Health and Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Shahram Alamdari
- />Medical Research Development Research Center and Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- />Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- />Research Center for Social Determinants of Endocrine Health and Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, I. R. Iran
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24
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Schulte EM, Grilo CM, Gearhardt AN. Shared and unique mechanisms underlying binge eating disorder and addictive disorders. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 44:125-139. [PMID: 26879210 PMCID: PMC5796407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Scientific interest in "food addiction" is growing, but the topic remains controversial. One critique of "food addiction" is its high degree of phenotypic overlap with binge eating disorder (BED). In order to examine associations between problematic eating behaviors, such as binge eating and "food addiction," we propose the need to move past examining similarities and differences in symptomology. Instead, focusing on relevant mechanisms may more effectively determine whether "food addiction" contributes to disordered eating behavior for some individuals. This paper reviews the evidence for mechanisms that are shared (i.e., reward dysfunction, impulsivity) and unique for addiction (i.e., withdrawal, tolerance) and eating disorder (i.e., dietary restraint, shape/weight concern) frameworks. This review will provide a guiding framework to outline future areas of research needed to evaluate the validity of the "food addiction" model and to understand its potential contribution to disordered eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Schulte
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; CASAColumbia, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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25
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Generic and eating disorder-specific impairment in binge eating disorder with and without overvaluation of weight or shape. Behav Res Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Abstract
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (i.e., DSM-5) currently recognizes three primary eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. The origins of eating disorders are complex and remain poorly understood. However, emerging research highlights a dimensional approach to understanding the multifactorial etiology of eating disorders as a means to inform assessment, prevention, and treatment efforts. Guided by research published since 2011, this review summarizes recent findings elucidating risk factors for the development of eating disorders across the lifespan in three primary domains: (1) genetic/biological, (2) psychological, and (3) socio-environmental. Prospective empirical research in clinical samples with full-syndrome eating disorders is emphasized with added support from cross-sectional studies, where relevant. The developmental stages of puberty and the transition from adolescence to young adulthood are discussed as crucial periods for the identification and prevention of eating disorders. The importance of continuing to elucidate the mechanisms underlying gene by environmental interactions in eating disorder risk is also discussed. Finally, controversial topics in the field of eating disorder research and the clinical implications of this research are summarized.
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