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Algarin AB, Salerno JP, Shrader CH, Lee JY, Fish JN. Associations between living arrangement and sexual and gender minority stressors among university students since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1379-1386. [PMID: 35658096 PMCID: PMC9718887 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2076560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between COVID-19-related living arrangements and sexual and gender minority (SGM)-related stressors (ie, identity concealment and familial rejection). PARTICIPANTS N = 478 SGM university students (Mage = 22 years, SD = 4.00). METHODS SGM university students were surveyed cross-sectionally between May and August 2020 regarding SGM-related stressors and living arrangements since the start of COVID-19. RESULTS Approximately half (48.7%) of the sample reported a living rearrangement to their parents' home due to COVID-19. Living rearrangement to parents' homes was associated with an increased degree of identity concealment (β [95% C.I.] = 0.62 [0.10, 1.15]; p = .020) and familial rejection (β [95% C.I.] = 1.56 [0.72, 2.41]; p < .001) since the start of COVID-19 compared to stably living without parents (34.3%). Stably living with parents (17.0%) was not associated with increased degree of SGM-related stressors compared to experiencing a living rearrangement. CONCLUSIONS Stakeholders must consider the unique identity-related vulnerabilities of SGM students living with parents and who experience living rearrangements due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel B Algarin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John P Salerno
- Department of Behavioral & Community Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Cho-Hee Shrader
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan USA
| | - Jessica N Fish
- Department of Family Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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2
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Li R, Shi C, Yang W, Liu X, Ren Z. Network Analysis of Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Sexual Minority Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Intra-Group Perspective. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38833635 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2024.2359950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of depression among sexual minority women is a significant concern, yet no prior research has conducted a network analysis of depressive symptoms in this population. This is the first study to address this gap by examining the network structure of depressive symptoms in Chinese sexual minority women during the COVID-19 pandemic, considering both sexual orientation and gender expression as part of an intra-group perspective. 1420 Chinese sexual minority women completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Symptoms (CES-D). Network analysis was employed to calculate edge and centrality measures, and the network structures of lesbians and bisexual women were compared based on sexual orientation and of femme, androgyny, and butch based on gender expression. Network analysis revealed that the core depressive symptoms of Chinese sexual minority women are "Felt depressed," "Fatigue," "Sad," and "Failure." Although no significant differences were found in the network structure and global strength of depressive symptoms between different sexual orientations and gender expressions, there were significant differences in the core symptoms. This study suggests the unique associations between depressive symptoms and social and historical contexts among sexual minority women and emphasizes the importance of considering these differences when providing targeted mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Congrong Shi
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wanyi Yang
- School of Education, Nanchong Vocational College of Science and Technology, Nanchong, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent CyberPsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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3
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Chang KK, Rogge RD, Starr LR. Characterizing Life Stress Exposure Among Sexual Minority Adolescents: Temporality, Content, And Mediating Role in Mental Health Disparities. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:851-863. [PMID: 38214850 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Though sexual minority adolescents face a wide array of deleterious stressors, few studies have examined the role of specific types of stress exposure (i.e., chronic vs. episodic, interpersonal vs. non-interpersonal) on mental health disparities. This study utilizes a contextual threat-based assessment to (a) compare levels of stress exposure types between sexual minority and non-sexual minority adolescents, and (b) examine stress type as a mediator between sexual orientation and two outcomes: depressive symptoms and emotion dysregulation. Data comes from a longitudinal sample (14-17 years-old, N = 241; 17.6% sexual minority; 54% assigned female at birth; 73.9% White), with two time-points (T1 and T2) utilized. Sexual minority adolescents reported higher chronic interpersonal stress, but no differences in non-interpersonal chronic or episodic stress, relative to non-sexual minority adolescents. Chronic interpersonal stress exposure mediated the link between membership in an oppressed group (i.e., sexual minority teens) and the primary outcomes (emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms) at both T1 and T2. Findings demonstrate the utility of contextual threat-based assessments within sexual minority research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine K Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Ronald D Rogge
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lisa R Starr
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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4
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Bezahler A, Kuckertz JM, McKay D, Falkenstein MJ, Feinstein BA. Emotion regulation and OCD among sexual minority people: Identifying treatment targets. J Anxiety Disord 2024; 101:102807. [PMID: 38101252 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority individuals experience higher rates of psychopathology, such that sexual minority people are nine times more likely to receive a diagnosis or treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared to heterosexual people. Poor emotion regulation capacity is a risk factor for OCD, but little is known about sexual orientation differences in dimensions of emotion regulation and how dimensions of emotion regulation relate to OCD severity among sexual minority people. The aims of the current study include 1) comparing sexual minority to heterosexual people on OCD severity and emotion regulation capacity upon admission to treatment for OCD, and 2) examining emotion regulation in relation to OCD severity among sexual minority people. Participants (N = 470) were adults in partial hospital/residential treatment with an average stay of 59.7 days (SD = 25.3), including 22 % sexual minority people. Sexual minority people reported a lower emotion regulation capacity. Among the largest three subgroups (heterosexual, bi+, and gay/lesbian), bi+ individuals reported a lower emotion regulation capacity compared to heterosexual but not gay/lesbian people. Results suggest there are sexual orientation differences in emotion regulation capacity, and that bi+ people have the most difficulty with ER. There is a need for OCD treatment to directly target emotion regulation strategies and be affirming of sexual minority identities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennie M Kuckertz
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Dean McKay
- Psychology Department, Fordham University, USA
| | - Martha J Falkenstein
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Brian A Feinstein
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, USA
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5
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Russon J, Abbott CH, Jin B, Rivers AS, Winston-Lindeboom P, Kobak R, Diamond GS. Attachment-based family therapy versus nondirective supportive therapy for lesbian, gay, bisexual and questioning adolescents with depression, and suicidal ideation: An exploratory study. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53:958-967. [PMID: 37732902 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) adolescents are particularly at risk for suicidal ideation; however, little clinical research is focused on treating this population. Attachment-based family therapy (ABFT) is among the few empirically supported youth suicide treatments adapted for LGBQ adolescents. The purpose of this exploratory study is to determine the differential treatment effects and rates of change for LGBQ and heterosexual adolescents with depression and suicidal ideation receiving either ABFT or family enhanced nondirective supportive therapy (FE-NST). METHOD The sample included 129 adolescents (31% LGBQ), ages 12-18 randomized to the two treatment groups. Multilevel modeling was used to examine individual changes in depression and suicidal ideation over the 16-week treatment. RESULTS Results revealed that LGBQ adolescents in the ABFT condition showed a greater rate of reduction in depressive symptoms over treatment, slope = -0.94, p < 0.001, than did LGBQ adolescents in the NST condition, slope = -0.41, p = 0.12. Heterosexual adolescents showed symptom reduction in both treatment conditions (ABFT slope = -0.47, p < 0.001; NST slope = -0.79, t (113) = -7.48, p < 0.001). Changes in suicidal ideation were found across time, but not across conditions. CONCLUSION LGBQ adolescents in the ABFT condition had a sharper decrease in depressive symptoms and better outcomes at week 16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Russon
- Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Caroline H Abbott
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bora Jin
- Dankook University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Alannah Shelby Rivers
- Texas Woman's University, School of Social Work, Psychology, and Philosophy, Denton, Texas, USA
| | | | - Roger Kobak
- University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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6
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Komlenac N, Langmann F, Hochleitner M. Explorative Questionnaire Study About Education with Regard to the Health of Sexual Minorities at an Austrian Medical University. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2023; 70:2955-2977. [PMID: 35700380 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2085937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Physicians can play a critical role in helping lesbian, gay, and bisexual-identified (LGB) individuals face minority stress. The current questionnaire study among 305 medical students (62.6% women/37.4% men; Mage = 23.4, SD = 3.2) assessed whether medical students learn about LGB-specific concepts at an Austrian medical university. Students reported that their education contained little content about LGB-specific concepts. The majority of students did not hold negative attitudes toward homosexuality and they would like a larger range of courses concerning LGB-specific topics. The barrier most strongly associated with the intention to ask future patients about their sexual orientation was the belief that sexual orientation was irrelevant for clinical practice. Future education programs on LGB-specific topics may not need to focus on reducing negative attitudes toward sexual minorities, but should contain more facts on LGB individuals' specific healthcare needs and explain to students why a patient's sexual orientation is important to healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Komlenac
- Gender Medicine Unit, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Flora Langmann
- Gender Medicine Unit, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Lu D, Qing Z, Tu Y, Liu X. Sexual orientation and psychotic-like experiences among Chinese college students: the role of gender. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1139484. [PMID: 37743983 PMCID: PMC10514363 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1139484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The mental health of sexual minorities has received increasing attention, but there are few studies on the risk of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) among sexual minorities. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between different sexual orientations and PLEs among college students and the moderating effect of gender. Methods A total of 4,460 college students from seven provinces participated in this cross-sectional survey. The χ2 test and logistic regression were used to investigate the relationship between sexual orientation and PLEs. Results Of the participants, 4.9% identified as bisexual, 1.1% as lesbian/gay, and 5.6% were questioning/unsure; 60.1% of the sample experienced at least one PLE item, 59.2% reported delusional experiences (DEs), and 20.6% had hallucinatory experiences (HEs). Compared with heterosexual college students, bisexual and questioning students showed a higher risk of PLEs, DEs, and HEs, and lesbian/gay students showed a higher risk of HEs. Stratified analysis indicated that sexual orientation was significantly associated with PLEs only for female college students. Conclusion Sexual orientation is a predictive factor of PLEs. In particular, different sexual minority subgroups show the different effects on PLEs between male and female college students. Mental health interventions for PLEs could employ distinct strategies based on different sexual orientations and gender disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Lu
- Department of Pediatric Psychology, Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zaihua Qing
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoqun Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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8
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Ellis ÉM, Tate A. Is Trauma Exposure More Harmful for Sexual Minority Youth? Differences in Trauma-Suicide Associations in a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Youth and Implications for Suicide Prevention. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:173-182. [PMID: 37234833 PMCID: PMC10205931 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth experience disproportionately high rates of suicidality and exposure to traumatic events, such as sexual violence and teen dating violence. Rates of suicidality and exposure to traumatic events also vary by sexual minority subgroup. The purpose of this study was to: (1) explore the impact of LGB identity on the relationship between violence exposure and suicide; and (2) to examine variations by sexual identity. Method A subsample of respondents who reported on their sexual identity in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 14,690) was used to examine if the associations between sexual and dating violence with suicide outcomes (suicidal ideation, planning, and suicide attempt) depended on the sexual identity of the respondent. Logistic regression models were fitted with an interaction effect to quantify heterogeneity of associations across identity strata. Results Overall interaction tests mostly indicated heterogeneity of associations between sexual violence and physical dating violence. Several contrast of strata associations suggested substantive probability differences between sexual minority respondents and their heterosexual peers. Conclusion While exposure to violence was broadly associated with increased probability of experiencing any type of suicidality, LGB and questioning youth were significantly more likely to experience suicidality compared to their heterosexual peers. Gay and lesbian youth demonstrated the strongest probability of experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors among survivors of sexual violence, while bisexual youth may be more at risk following dating violence. Implications for future research and suicide prevention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie M. Ellis
- College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 101 Buck Rd, 30606 Athens, GA USA
| | - Allan Tate
- College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 101 Buck Rd, 30606 Athens, GA USA
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9
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Kuhlemeier A. Measurement Invariance of Psychological Distress, Substance Use, and Adult Social Support across Race/Ethnicity and Sex among Sexual Minority Youth. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:674-688. [PMID: 35200066 PMCID: PMC9399311 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2038059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Research on intersectional differences among sexual minority youth (SMY) relies on population-level datasets to ensure sufficiently large samples to explore between-group differences and assess the influence of axes of oppression/privilege. I argue that a structural equation modeling framework for investigating intersectional differences among SMY increases the nuance with which we understand heterogeneity and provides tools for ensuring that variables measure comparable constructs across diverse populations - an assumption of traditional univariate methods that is rarely empirically verified. Using a subset of SMY that identified as either White or Hispanic/Latino and male or female from the New Mexico Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey (N = 3,654), this study tested invariance of three latent constructs: psychological distress, substance use, and adult support across sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, sex, and three-way intersections of those identities. Analyses established invariance across race/ethnicity and sex of all constructs among gay/lesbian youth. Partial invariance models were required to account for intersectional differences in substance use among bisexual youth and in psychological distress among questioning youth. This study models a novel strategy for examining how social location at the intersection of multiple axes of oppression/privilege shape behavioral health and social support and paves the way for significant advances in research on SMY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kuhlemeier
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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10
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McDanal R, Schleider JL, Fox KR, Eaton NR. Loneliness in Gender-Diverse and Sexual Orientation-Diverse Adolescents: Measurement Invariance Analyses and Between-Group Comparisons. Assessment 2023; 30:706-727. [PMID: 34963320 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211065167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Youth loneliness is a risk factor for myriad adverse psychosocial outcomes, making it a potentially informative construct for assessment and treatment research. Minority stressors may place LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) youths at high risk of loneliness. However, the prevalence of loneliness across gender and sexual identities cannot be precisely estimated or compared without establishing that common measures assess the construct equivalently across groups. In a preregistered study, we determined the optimal structure of the UCLA Loneliness Scale and investigated whether it showed invariance across gender and sexual identities in a national U.S. sample of adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms (N = 2,431; https://osf.io/52ctd). Results supported strict invariance, indicating that loneliness scores can be meaningfully compared across groups in this sample. Exploratory analyses indicated that loneliness levels and LGBTQ+ identity predicted levels of depression and anxiety. We discuss implications for research on loneliness, health disparities, and psychopathology in high-symptom youths.
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11
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Vas D, Silva Guimarães D. Militância enquanto Convite ao Diálogo: o Caso da Militância Monodissidente. PSICOLOGIA: CIÊNCIA E PROFISSÃO 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-3703003248692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este artigo é uma produção teórica de caráter reflexivo que focaliza a relação entre pesquisa e militância a partir do construtivismo semiótico-cultural em psicologia, tendo como base o caso da militância monodissidente. A noção de monodissidência foi cunhada no percurso da militância bissexual para se referir a uma ferramenta analítica de ordem político-comunitária que contempla todas as pessoas que se atraem sexual e/ou romanticamente por mais de um gênero. São contrapostas concepções distintas de militância político-social em psicologia: de um lado, militância é entendida a partir de um autocentramento do militante, vinculado a uma rede de exclusões, negações, vedação e defesas psicológicas em relação à experiência; de outro, há uma compreensão dialógica de militância. Metodologicamente, a proposta de pesquisa se fundamenta no campo da participação observante, entendendo que o pesquisador está, primeiro, na condição de participante de certo campo sociocultural, a partir do qual passa a observar e refletir sobre fenômenos que ocorrem nele. Tomamos como ilustração a trajetória de construção da militância monodissidente do primeiro autor, trazendo tensionamentos dialógicos para a análise, postos em discussão com outras reflexões situadas sobre o tema. O conjunto de tensionamentos dialógicos emergidos nesse percurso foi mapeado e compreendido como um processo de multiplicação dialógica no encontro de self pesquisador com o self militante.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Vas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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12
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Nebot-Garcia JE, Giménez-García C, García-Barba M, Gil-Llario MD, Ballester-Arnal R. What Does Heterosexuality Mean? Same-Sex Attraction, Behaviors, and Discomfort Among Self-identified Heterosexual Young Adults from Spain. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:3431-3442. [PMID: 36066679 PMCID: PMC9556375 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexuality has been censored by Spanish culture, where legal progress in the form of new policies about sexual diversity rights has not been followed by lower levels of social discrimination. This has affected sexual development across the lifespan for both sexual minorities and heterosexual people who experience their sexuality outside of heteronormativity. However, the literature has regularly excluded the possible consequences of the experience of sexuality within prescriptive categories, particularly in heterosexual people. This study delves deeper into the same-sex experiences of heterosexual women and men and the discomfort they may feel toward such experiences in Spain. A total of 2900 young Spanish people who self-identified as heterosexual completed a questionnaire on sexual diversity and experiences related to sexual orientation. The mean age was 24.22 years (SD = 5.71), 71.1% were women, and 28.9% were men. More heterosexual women than heterosexual men reported having had same-sex attraction, fantasies, desires, and behavioral intentions. However, these men and women reported having similar levels of same-sex sexual intercourse. The discomfort level experienced was higher among heterosexual men and younger people, suggesting the possibility that traditional norms restrict behavioral expression of sexuality among these individuals. At least in the Spanish context, these gender differences should be taken into account to adjust all psychological and educational interventions in the future to improve inclusive sexual attitudes and the treatment of discomfort with sexual orientation. Following these results, research on sexual diversity should focus on young heterosexual people who have different same-sex experiences according to gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Nebot-Garcia
- Department of Clinical and Basic Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Cristina Giménez-García
- Department of Clinical and Basic Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Marta García-Barba
- Department of Clinical and Basic Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - María Dolores Gil-Llario
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Ballester-Arnal
- Department of Clinical and Basic Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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13
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Flanders CE, Wright M, Khandpur S, Kuhn S, Anderson RE, Robinson M, VanKim N. A Quantitative Intersectional Exploration of Sexual Violence and Mental Health among Bi + People: Looking within and across Race and Gender. JOURNAL OF BISEXUALITY 2022; 22:485-512. [PMID: 37621766 PMCID: PMC10449096 DOI: 10.1080/15299716.2022.2116515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Young bisexual people report disparities related to mental health and sexual violence compared to their heterosexual and gay/lesbian peers. However, the majority of research in these areas does not employ an intersectional design, despite evidence that health outcomes vary by race and gender within bi + populations. The goal of this paper is to provide an intersectionally-informed exploration of the prevalence of sexual violence among a diverse sample of 112 bi + people age 18-26, as well as descriptive data on stigma, mental health, and social support. Most (82%) of participants reported at least once experience of sexual violence since the age of 16. Sexual violence was positively associated with sexual stigma, anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Nonbinary participants reported greater prevalence of violence, exposure to stigma, and worse mental health outcomes relative to cisgender participants. Nonbinary BIPOC participants reported higher levels of anxiety and depression than cisgender BIPOC participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey E. Flanders
- Department of Psychology and Education, Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mya Wright
- Department of Psychology and Education, Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Saachi Khandpur
- Department of Psychology and Education, Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Kuhn
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - RaeAnn E. Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Margaret Robinson
- Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nicole VanKim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Flanders CE, Tarasoff LA, VanKim N. Sexual Violence and Mental Health among Young Bi+ and Lesbian Women and Gender Minoritized People. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2022; 27:483-502. [PMID: 38078053 PMCID: PMC10706698 DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2022.2072036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Sexual minoritized people report worse mental health and are at risk of sexual violence compared to their heterosexual peers. Method We conducted a survey to explore sexual stigma, sexual violence, and mental health among 326 bi+ and lesbian women and gender minoritized people age 18-25. Results Mental health did not differ by sexual identity; sexual stigma and violence were associated with negative mental health symptoms, as were identifying as BIPOC, as trans or nonbinary, or having less formal education. Conclusion Sexual stigma and violence are related to mental health among young bi+ and lesbian women and gender minoritized people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey E Flanders
- Department of Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College St., South Hadley, MA 01075. (413) 538-2052
| | - Lesley A Tarasoff
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON
| | - Nicole VanKim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
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Marchi M, Arcolin E, Fiore G, Travascio A, Uberti D, Amaddeo F, Converti M, Fiorillo A, Mirandola M, Pinna F, Ventriglio A, Galeazzi GM. Self-harm and suicidality among LGBTIQ people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Rev Psychiatry 2022; 34:240-256. [PMID: 36151841 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2053070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Research evidence has consistently documented a higher risk of suicidality in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, and Queer (LGBTIQ) population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to report a detailed description of research data regarding the risk of Attempted Suicide (SA), Suicide Ideation (SI), and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) behaviours for LGBTIQ people and their subgroups. Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO, and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting a comparative estimation of SA, SI, and NSSI rates among LGBTIQ population and the general population (i.e. heterosexual/cisgender), without restrictions on participants' age and setting for the enrolment. Pooled analyses were based on odds ratios (ORs, with 95% CIs), estimated through inverse variance models with random effects. Fifty studies were selected for the quantitative synthesis and included fifty samples involving 3.735.601 controls and 87.252 LGBTIQ people. LGBTIQ people reported an increased risk of SA (OR:4.36[95%CI:3.32;5.71]), SI (OR:3.76[95%CI:3.02;4.69]), and NSSI (OR:4.24[95%CI:3.23;5.55]). Among LGBTIQ subgroups, the Bisexual group has shown the highest risk of suicidality (SA, OR:6.71; SI, OR:5.04; NSSI, OR: 5.03), followed by the Lesbian-Gay for attempted suicide (SA, OR:6.03), and the Transgender-Intersex-Queer for suicide ideation and non-suicidal self-injury (SI and NSSI, OR:3.42). The quality of the evidence ranged from low to moderate. Our findings have shown that LGBTIQ people report a higher risk of suicidality compared with their cisgender/heterosexual peers. This evidence may contribute to the public awareness on LGBTQI mental health needs and suggest supportive strategies as well as preventive interventions (e.g. supportive programs, counselling, and destigmatizing efforts) as parts of a tailored health-care planning aimed to reduce psychiatric morbidity and mortality in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Marchi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Mental Health and Drug Abuse, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elisa Arcolin
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Fiore
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Travascio
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Uberti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Amaddeo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mirandola
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Infectious Diseases Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Federica Pinna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Galeazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Mental Health and Drug Abuse, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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16
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Liang Z, Huang YT. "Strong Together": Minority Stress, Internalized Homophobia, Relationship Satisfaction, and Depressive Symptoms among Taiwanese Young Gay Men. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:621-631. [PMID: 34219563 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1947954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Taiwan's legalization of same-sex marriage affords legal status for romantic relationships between sexual minority individuals. Yet, little is known about the role of intimate relationships in the experiences of minority stress and mental health among gay men. This study tested a model where internalized homophobia mediated the association between distal minority stress and depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction was posited as a moderator. Data came from a sample (n = 557) of Taiwanese young gay men who were in a romantic relationship. Respondents completed the scales of distal minority stress, internalized homophobia, relationship satisfaction, and depressive symptoms. Mediation and moderation analyses were performed on the macro PROCESS. The Johnson-Neyman (J-N) technique was used to interpret the moderating effect of relationship satisfaction. Results show that both distal minority stress and internalized homophobia were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Internalized homophobia partially mediated the association between distal minority stress and depressive symptoms. Relationship satisfaction had a moderating effect. The effect of distal minority stress was lower among those who reported high satisfaction in their current romantic relationship. This study suggested that a satisfying relationship provides protection for gay men's mental health. Clinicians should attend to relationship issues when working with sexual minority clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zurong Liang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Te Huang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong
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17
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McDanal R, Rubin A, Fox KR, Schleider JL. Associations of LGBTQ+ Identities With Acceptability and Efficacy of Online Single-Session Youth Mental Health Interventions. Behav Ther 2022; 53:376-391. [PMID: 35227411 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Barriers such as stigma, financial costs, and provider shortages prevent large portions of youth with depression and related difficulties from accessing treatment; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning sexual orientation, or other non-heterosexual identity (LGBTQ+) youth are burdened with additional barriers related to minority stress. Single-session interventions (SSIs) have been found to benefit youth and help reduce depression symptoms, and since many SSIs are brief, cost-free, and accessible online, they may circumvent several access barriers. However, prior to recommending non-community-tailored SSIs as a useful resource for minoritized youths, we first assessed whether LGBTQ+ youth respond as positively to SSIs as do cisgender heterosexual youth. In a subsample of youths recruited via online advertisements from September 2019 to August 2020 (N = 258, 81.4% female-assigned sex at birth, 60.5% LGBTQ+, 47.3% youth of color), we investigated whether changes in hopelessness, agency, and self-hate from before to after completing online self-directed SSIs differed as a function of LGBTQ+ identity. We also quantitatively and qualitatively compared intervention acceptability ratings and feedback across LGBTQ+ and cisgender heterosexual youths. Analyses revealed no significant differences between cisgender LGBQ+, trans and gender diverse, and cisgender heterosexual youths for any intervention outcomes. Likewise, no group differences emerged in intervention acceptability ratings or written program feedback. Self-selection bias and underrepresentation of certain populations, such as American Indian and Alaskan Native youths, may limit generalizability of results. Results suggest that online mental health SSIs are equally acceptable and useful to LGBTQ+ and cisgender heterosexual youth alike, even prior to culturally specific tailoring.
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18
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Kalibatseva Z, Bathje GJ, Wu IHC, Bluestein BM, Leong FTL, Collins-Eaglin J. Minority status, depression and suicidality among counseling center clients. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:295-304. [PMID: 32343191 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1745810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study examined race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and financial stress and their association with depression and suicidality among university counseling center clients. Methods: The sample included 3,189 participants who received services at a university counseling center. Results: Asian American college students reported more depressive symptoms than European American and Hispanic students and were more likely to have a depression diagnosis than European American and African American students. Female and lesbian/gay/bisexual/questioning (LGBQ) individuals had higher depressive symptom scores, were more likely to have a depression diagnosis, and history of suicidal ideation and attempts than male and heterosexual individuals, respectively. Students with high financial stress reported higher depression scores and were more likely to have experienced past and current suicidality. More minority statuses were associated with higher risk for depression and suicidality. Conclusions: Counseling center clients who identified with one or more minority groups had higher risk for depression and suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan H C Wu
- Department of Health Disparities Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brooke M Bluestein
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Frederick T L Leong
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jan Collins-Eaglin
- Associate Dean of Students for Personal Success and Wellness, Pomona College, Claremont, California, USA
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19
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Komlenac N, Hochleitner M. Austrian University Hospital Physicians' Barriers to and Reasons for Assessing Their Patients' Sexual Orientation. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2021; 68:2476-2489. [PMID: 32815795 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2020.1809889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current online-questionnaire study examined physicians' (N = 135; 51.9% women and 48.1% men) attitudes toward homosexuality and assessed physicians' barriers to and reasons for asking patients about their sexual orientation at an Austrian university hospital. Only 37.1% of female physicians and 27.7% of male physicians included questions about their patients' sexual orientation in everyday clinical practice. The most commonly reported barrier was the belief that sexual orientation was irrelevant for healthcare. Reported discomfort or negative attitudes toward homosexuality were low and did not play a role in the frequency of physicians' everyday assessment of patients' sexual orientation. Physicians mostly stated concerns for their patients' sexual health as reasons for assessing sexual orientation. Medical education or training programs need to include more thorough education with regard to sexual orientation, minority stress and health disparities. It is important that physicians recognize the relevance of assessing their patients' sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Komlenac
- Gender Medicine Unit, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Smith AU, Reidy D. Bullying and suicide risk among sexual minority youth in the United States. Prev Med 2021; 153:106728. [PMID: 34298027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bullying is associated with increased suicide risk and maladaptive development for sexual minority youth (SMY). The purpose of this study is to determine whether multiple forms of bullying mediate the relationship between biological sex and suicide risk among SMY and to determine whether sexual identity moderates these relationships (i.e., moderated mediation). Data from the 2015-2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey was analyzed using multiple group structural equation modeling with the 5967 youth that self-identified as Lesbian/Gay, Bisexual, or Not sure of their sexual identity. All forms of bullying were associated with suicide risk. After controlling for bullying, Male SMY reported less suicide risk in comparison to female SMY. Female SMY were more likely to be cyberbullied while male SMY were more likely to be threatened or injured with a weapon. Sexual identity did not moderate these relationships. These finding align with the minority stress theory which posits the victimization experiences are linked to negative mental health outcomes among minority youth. Although sexual identity did not moderate these relationships, this study reveals new mechanistic pathways influencing sex-based suicide risk disparities among SMY. Findings can inform future research and the development of suicide prevention interventions that address the unique needs of SMY occurring at the intersection of sex and sexual identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel U Smith
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing - Health Systems Science, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Dennis Reidy
- Health Promotion & Behavior in the School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Structural Barriers Associated with the Intersection of Traumatic Stress and Gun Violence: A Case Example of New Orleans. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121645. [PMID: 34946370 PMCID: PMC8701294 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gun violence drastically increased in urban cities following the ease of shutdown restrictions associated with the Coronavirus Pandemic. The association of gun violence and COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of taking a public health perspective, particularly as it relates to impacts on the Black community. In this article we discuss macro-level factors and community traumas in the city of New Orleans, an area that has had longstanding issues related to gun violence. Community structural issues, traumatic stress from disasters, and recommendations to address disparities in social determinants of health are discussed.
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22
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Bourdon JL, Liadis A, Tingle KM, Saunders TR. Trends in mental health service utilization among LGB+ college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:750-758. [PMID: 31944925 PMCID: PMC7363541 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1706537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1) Compare service utilization among LGB+ and straight-identified students. 2) Assess rates of mental health concerns among LGB+ students only. Participants: Undergraduates (N = 675) reported on their sexual orientation, mental health conditions, and past service providers. Methods: Logistic regression was used for aim 1 and descriptive statistics for aim 2. Results: LGB+ students were more likely than straight-identified students to seek services for anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 2.051; p < .01) or depression (OR = 3.058; p < .001) and from a counselor/therapist/psychologist (OR = 2.937; p < .001) or their university's counseling/health services (OR = 1.933; p < .01). Bisexual students utilized the most services. Conclusions: Colleges must ensure that programing, outreach, and overall support for the mental health needs of their LGB+ students are being met so that this vulnerable population continues to seek services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Bourdon
- Brown School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry, 4560 Clayton Avenue, Washington University in ST. Louis, 4560 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Amelia Liadis
- The Wellness Resource Center, 825 Cathedral Place, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23219, USA
| | - Kaylin M. Tingle
- Health & Wellness Education, 410 Westhampton Way, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, 23173, USA
| | - Trisha R. Saunders
- The Wellness Resource Center, 825 Cathedral Place, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23219, USA
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23
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Luk JW, Goldstein RB, Yu J, Haynie DL, Gilman SE. Sexual Minority Status and Age of Onset of Adolescent Suicide Ideation and Behavior. Pediatrics 2021; 148:e2020034900. [PMID: 34580171 PMCID: PMC9446478 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-034900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if sexual minority adolescents have earlier onset of suicidality and faster progressions from ideation to plan and attempt than heterosexual adolescents. METHODS A population-based longitudinal cohort of 1771 adolescents participated in the NEXT Generation Health Study. Participants reported sexual minority status (defined by sexual attraction) in 2010-2011 and retrospectively reported age at onset of suicidality in 2015-2016. RESULTS Sexual minority adolescents (5.8% of weighted sample) had higher lifetime risk of suicide ideation (26.1% vs 13.0%), plan (16.6% vs 5.4%), and attempt (12.0% vs 5.4%) than heterosexual adolescents. Survival analyses adjusted for demographic characteristics and depressive symptoms revealed positive associations of sexual minority status with time to first onset of suicide ideation (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-3.06) and plan (HR = 2.69; 95% CI 1.30-5.56). The association between sexual minority status and age at onset of suicide attempt was stronger at age <15 (HR = 3.26; 95% CI 1.25-8.47) than age ≥15 (HR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.21-1.66). The association between sexual minority status and progression from ideation to plan was stronger in the same year of first ideation (HR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.07-3.77) than ≥1 year after first ideation (HR = 1.33; 95% CI 0.26-6.77). CONCLUSIONS Sexual minority adolescents had earlier onset of suicidality and faster progression from suicide ideation to plan than heterosexual adolescents. The assessment of sexual minority status in routine pediatric care has the potential to inform suicide risk screening, management, and intervention efforts among early sexual minority adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Luk
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Risë B Goldstein
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jing Yu
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Denise L Haynie
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen E Gilman
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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24
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Stevens HR, Acic I, Rhea S. Natural Language Processing Insight into LGBTQ+ Youth Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Content Analysis of Anxiety-Provoking Topics and Trends in Emotion in LGBTeens Microcommunity Subreddit. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e29029. [PMID: 34402803 PMCID: PMC8372845 DOI: 10.2196/29029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread fear surrounding COVID-19, coupled with physical and social distancing orders, has caused severe adverse mental health outcomes. Little is known, however, about how the COVID-19 crisis has impacted LGBTQ+ youth, who disproportionately experienced a high rate of adverse mental health outcomes before the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE We aimed to address this knowledge gap by harnessing natural language processing methodologies to investigate the evolution of conversation topics in the most popular subreddit for LGBTQ+ youth. METHODS We generated a data set of all r/LGBTeens subreddit posts (n=39,389) between January 1, 2020 and February 1, 2021 and analyzed meaningful trends in anxiety, anger, and sadness in the posts. Because the distribution of anxiety before widespread social distancing orders was meaningfully different from the distribution after (P<.001), we employed latent Dirichlet allocation to examine topics that provoked this shift in anxiety. RESULTS We did not find any differences in LGBTQ+ youth anger and sadness before and after government-mandated social distancing; however, anxiety increased significantly (P<.001). Further analysis revealed a list of 10 anxiety-provoking topics discussed during the pandemic: attraction to a friend, coming out, coming out to family, discrimination, education, exploring sexuality, gender pronouns, love and relationship advice, starting a new relationship, and struggling with mental health. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, LGBTQ+ teens increased their reliance on anonymous discussion forums when discussing anxiety-provoking topics. LGBTQ+ teens likely perceived anonymous forums as safe spaces for discussing lifestyle stressors during COVID-19 disruptions (eg, school closures). The list of prevalent anxiety-provoking topics in LGBTQ+ teens' anonymous discussions can inform future mental health interventions in LGBTQ+ youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Stevens
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Irena Acic
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sofia Rhea
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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25
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Jin H, Marshall BDL, Kemp K, Tolou-Shams M. Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Injurious Behaviors Among Justice-Involved Youth. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2021; 27:178-185. [PMID: 34314628 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.19.04.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An estimated one in five adolescents exhibit self-injurious behavior (SIB), which poses serious public health concerns. The present analysis aims to describe the prevalence and correlates of lifetime SIB among first-time offending court-involved nonincarcerated youth. Baseline data from 412 youth enrolled in Epidemiological Project Involving Children in the Court (EPICC), a longitudinal cohort study, were analyzed to identify the prevalence and correlates of lifetime SIB. Almost a quarter (22.4%) of youth self-reported lifetime SIB. Participants who were female, bisexual, and those with more severe post-traumatic stress symptoms had higher prevalence odds of lifetime SIB. These findings suggest the importance of screening for SIB among youth and may provide guidance in the development of interventions designed to improve health outcomes of adolescents who come into first contact with the juvenile justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Brandon D L Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kathleen Kemp
- Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Marina Tolou-Shams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Infant, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
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26
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Poteat VP, Rosenbach SB, Smith RL, Santo JB. A guide for innovation in LGBQ+ youth peer relationships research. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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DeSmet A, Rodelli M, Walrave M, Portzky G, Dumon E, Soenens B. The Moderating Role of Parenting Dimensions in the Association between Traditional or Cyberbullying Victimization and Mental Health among Adolescents of Different Sexual Orientation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062867. [PMID: 33799679 PMCID: PMC8001163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cyberbullying victimization is associated with mental health problems and reported to occur more in nonheterosexual orientation youth (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ)) than among heterosexual youth. Parental support may protect against mental health problems after being victimized, but nonsupportive parental influences may also exacerbate harm. This study investigated whether parenting dimensions (autonomy support, psychological control) moderated the associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems among heterosexual and LGBQ adolescents. An anonymous survey was completed by 1037 adolescents (M age = 15.2 ± 1.9, 50% female). Regression analyses examined associations between victimization, sexual orientation, and mental health problems, and investigated the moderating role of parenting. Both forms of victimization were associated with higher mental health problems. LGBQ youth experienced more depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation than heterosexual youth. Lower levels of parental psychological control and higher levels of autonomy support were related to having fewer mental health problems. However, perceived autonomy support appeared less protective when adolescents experienced more frequent victimization. Moreover, parental psychological control was related to heightened risk for suicidal plans specifically among LGBQ youth and also exacerbated the association between cyberbullying victimization and stress among LGBQ youth. These findings underscore the need to address parenting in whole-school antibullying and mental health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann DeSmet
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Communication Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Antwerp University, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2650-3282
| | - Maddalena Rodelli
- Department of Philosophy, Pedagogy and Applied Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Sociology, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy;
| | - Michel Walrave
- Department of Communication Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Antwerp University, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention (VLESP), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.P.); (E.D.)
| | - Eva Dumon
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention (VLESP), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.P.); (E.D.)
| | - Bart Soenens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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Associations Between LGBTQ-Affirming School Climate and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Adolescents. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 22:227-236. [PMID: 33219902 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts sexual minority adolescents at rates equal to or greater than the rate it impacts heterosexual adolescents. We investigated whether reports of physical and sexual IPV were less frequent in school jurisdictions with more affirming climates for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) students; and whether these associations varied for sexual orientation subgroups. We combined student-level data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys on demographics and experiences with physical and sexual IPV with jurisdiction-level data from the 2014 School Health Profiles on LGBTQ-affirming school climate. Multilevel logistic regression models examined associations between LGBTQ-affirming school climates and IPV. We stratified our data by sex and examined whether these associations differed by sexual orientation subgroups using cross-level interaction terms between school climate and sexual orientation (assessed via sexual identity and behavior). Sexual minority youth were more likely to report experiencing past-year physical and sexual IPV than their heterosexual counterparts. Attending schools with more LGBTQ-affirming climates reduced the likelihood of reporting physical IPV, but not sexual IPV, for female students. More LGBTQ-affirming school climates increased risk for sexual IPV among gay male students. Establishing LGBTQ-affirming school climates may reduce physical IPV for female students, but may have unintended consequences on sexual IPV prevalence for gay male students. More work is necessary to ensure that these climates are affirming for all sexual minority students and to address sexual violence prevention.
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Smith AU, Reidy D, Norris AE. Teen Dating Violence and Suicide Risk Among Bisexual Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:685-691. [PMID: 32571755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicide is a public health problem that disproportionately affects bisexual youth more than heterosexual, lesbian/gay, and other sexual minority youth. Teen dating violence (TDV) consists of physically, emotionally, and/or psychologically aggressive behavior in adolescent relationships and has been linked to increased suicidality among sexual minority youth. Although biological sex differences in suicide and TDV have been noted, limited research currently exists regarding the importance of these differences in bisexual youth. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional descriptive design to investigate the relationship between biological sex, TDV, and suicide risk among bisexual youth in grades 9-12. This study used structural equation modeling to conduct a secondary analysis of pooled 2015 and 2017 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey data that examined whether TDV mediated the relationship between biological sex and suicide risk among bisexual youth. RESULTS Results indicated that TDV did not mediate the relationship between biological sex and suicide risk among bisexual youth. Biological sex was a significant predictor of suicide risk with male youth reporting lower suicide risk than female youth, when controlling for dating history, TDV, age, and race. TDV predicted suicide risk, with youth reporting TDV having higher suicide risk, when controlling for dating history, biological sex, age, and race. In addition, black and Hispanic youth reported lower suicide risk compared to white youth. CONCLUSION There is a dire need for research that addresses issues of TDV and suicide among bisexual youth. Understanding factors influencing suicide risk following TDV experiences among bisexual youth will inform interventions to mitigate negative mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel U Smith
- College of Nursing - Health Systems Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Dennis Reidy
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anne E Norris
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, & Senior Research Scientist, REAL Prevention, LLC, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
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López-Sáez MÁ, García-Dauder D, Montero I. Correlate Attitudes Toward LGBT and Sexism in Spanish Psychology Students. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2063. [PMID: 32973622 PMCID: PMC7472884 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the correlations between sexism, homonegativity, binegativity, pro-trans attitudes, political affiliation, contact with LGBT individuals and perceived stigma among psychology students. A study was conducted with 655 cis women (471 heterosexuals, 179 bisexuals and lesbians) and 174 cis men (120 heterosexuals, 54 bisexuals and gays). Descriptive, multivariate analysis of variance, bivariate correlations and multiple regression were used. In general, the groups of men and heterosexuals obtained higher negativity scores and lower acceptance scores, with significant correlations being more frequent in the heterosexual group. Predictive models confirmed the literature on social and ideological conservatism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dau García-Dauder
- Departament of Psychology (Social Psychology), Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Ignacio Montero
- Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Ocasio MA, Tapia GR, Lozano A, Carrico A, Prado G. Internalizing Symptoms and Externalizing Behaviors in Latinx Adolescents with Same Sex Behaviors in Miami. JOURNAL OF LGBT YOUTH 2020; 19:396-412. [PMID: 36247028 PMCID: PMC9562298 DOI: 10.1080/19361653.2020.1777245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minorities report poorer mental health relative to heterosexual counterparts, but this is underexplored in Latinx youth. This study compares internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors in Latinx adolescents with Same Sex Behaviors (LASSB) to their Latinx adolescent peers who did not report same sex behaviors (non-LASSB). It also explores the moderating role of biculturalism on the relationship between internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors, and same-sex behaviors. Individual-level baseline data (Total N=1,634; LASSB n=195) from five trials of a preventive intervention for Latinx adolescents were synthesized. Normal and clinical levels of internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors were determined, and logistic regression models were conducted to determine the odds of LASSB reporting these behaviors relative to non-LASSB. Additional adjusted models tested for the moderating effect of biculturalism. LASSB reported significantly higher odds of normal levels of all externalizing behaviors and clinical levels of anxious/depressed compared to non-LASSB. Biculturalism significantly moderated the association between same-sex behavior and clinical levels of internalizing behaviors; however, in subgroup analyses among LASSB, biculturalism did not significantly predict any of these behaviors. Latinx adolescents exhibited mental health disparities by same-sex behavior. Biculturalism may be an important indicator for describing these disparities in LASSB and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Ocasio
- Section of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, Address: 1440 Canal Street, Suite 966, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Gregory R. Tapia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Address: 1120 NW 14 Street, 10 floor (R-669), Miami, FL 33136
| | - Alyssa Lozano
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Address: 1120 NW 14 Street, 10 floor (R-669), Miami, FL 33136
| | - Adam Carrico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Address: 1120 NW 14 Street, 10 floor (R-669), Miami, FL 33136
| | - Guillermo Prado
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Address: 1120 NW 14 Street, 10 floor (R-669), Miami, FL 33136
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Luk JW, Parker EO, Richardson LP, McCarty CA. Sexual attraction and experiences in the primary care setting: Examining disparities in satisfaction with provider and health self-efficacy. J Adolesc 2020; 81:96-100. [PMID: 32408116 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To test whether sexual minority males and females report lower satisfaction with primary care providers and lower health self-efficacy relative to heterosexual males and females. METHODS Data from 535 adolescents who participated in one of two randomized clinical trials conducted in a primary care setting were analyzed. Multiple linear regressions controlling for demographic characteristics and treatment condition were used to examine sexual attraction differences in indicators of satisfaction with provider and health self-efficacy. RESULTS Sexual minority and heterosexual youth both endorsed high satisfaction with providers. Relative to heterosexual males, sexual minority males reported lower self-efficacy in reaching their health goals. Relative to heterosexual females, sexual minority females reported lower confidence in positively impacting their own health, and lower self-efficacy in setting goals and working actively to improve their health. CONCLUSIONS Sexual minority youth may benefit from additional support from health care providers to enhance their health self-efficacy and reach their health goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Luk
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Laura P Richardson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carolyn A McCarty
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Poteat VP, Birkett M, Turner B, Wang X, Phillips G. Changes in Victimization Risk and Disparities for Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Youth: Trends From 2009 to 2017. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:202-209. [PMID: 31607546 PMCID: PMC6980438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify sex-stratified trends in victimization risk specific to heterosexual, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning youth while considering changes in sexual orientation-disparities from 2009 to 2017. METHODS Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data collected biennially (five waves; 2009-2017) were pooled across 56 jurisdictions and 454,715 students for one of the most nationally representative samples of heterosexual and sexual minority youth to date. We analyzed a seven-item victimization risk assessment using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's recommended trend analysis approach. We used logistic regression with year-by-identity interactions to test whether sexual orientation-based disparities widened, narrowed, or were maintained over time. RESULTS Victimization risk declined significantly for male and female bisexual and questioning youth, lesbian, gay, and heterosexual youth. Disparities narrowed between bisexual, questioning, and lesbian females and heterosexual females and between bisexual and heterosexual males. Nevertheless, sexual orientation-based disparities remained significant for all sexual minority youth in 2017. CONCLUSIONS Distinct patterns of change in victimization risk for specific groups of sexual minority youth underscore the need to consider variability within sexual minority youth communities; treating them as a singular group could mask nuanced disparities. Some of the relatively small decreases in victimization risk also suggest the need for interventions to address a more comprehensive set of victimization-related risks beyond bullying and needed efforts that are not limited to the immediate school context.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Paul Poteat
- Boston College, Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Campion Hall 307, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Michelle Birkett
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences & Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Blair Turner
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences & Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xinzi Wang
- University of Chicago, Division of the Social Sciences, 5730 S. Woodlawn Ave. Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Gregory Phillips
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences & Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Francisco LCFDL, Barros AC, Pacheco MDS, Nardi AE, Alves VDM. Ansiedade em minorias sexuais e de gênero: uma revisão integrativa. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo Evidenciar os fatores predisponentes relativos à ansiedade em minorias sexuais e de gênero na literatura. Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. A busca dos artigos foi realizada em três bases de dados eletrônicas: PubMed/Medline, Scopus e ISI Web of Knowledge . Foram utilizados os descritores “ anxiety ”, “ LGBT people ”, “ gay ”, “ bisexual ”, “ lesbian ” e “ transgender ”, com textos completos, publicados no período de 2013 a 2018, no idioma inglês, e foi usado o operador boleano AND . Resultados Foram encontrados 712 artigos. Cinquenta e oito (58) artigos foram selecionados para serem lidos na íntegra e 13 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão desta revisão. As evidências mostram que a população LGBT apresenta maior risco para transtornos mentais, entre eles a ansiedade, quando comparada aos heterossexuais. O aparecimento dos sinais e sintomas de ansiedade estão relacionados com a vergonha e o comportamento evitativo dessa população devido à forte discriminação e à ausência de apoio social e familiar, o que ocasiona altos níveis de angústia. Apenas dois artigos estudaram menores de 18 anos. Conclusões Os profissionais da saúde devem estar abertos, acolhedores e atentos à saúde mental desse público, visando contribuir com a promoção da saúde, apoio social, familiar e a redução da discriminação.
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Granderson RM, Harper GW, Wade R, Odero W, Onyango Olwango DP, Fields EL. Gender Role Strain and the Precarious Manhood of Sexual Minority Kenyan Men. PSYCHOLOGY OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER DIVERSITY 2019; 6:420-432. [PMID: 33620336 PMCID: PMC7897423 DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Examining the impact of precarious manhood on the mental health of sexual minority men living in Kenya, we hypothesized that (a) men who have sex with men exclusively (MSME) and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) would display differential patterns of conformity to norms of masculinity; (b) these differences would result in distinct patterns of association between masculine conformity and symptoms of psychological distress for MSME and MSMW; and (c) conformity to norms of masculinity would be bidirectionally associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Using data collected from 391 young men who participated in a community-based, cross-sectional study of HIV-related risk and resilience among young sexual minority men in western Kenya, we ran a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to assess differences in conformity to masculine norms and four hierarchical linear regression models to examine the associations between conformity to masculine norms and symptoms of anxiety and depression for MSME and MSMW. MANOVA results revealed no significant differences between MSME and MSMW in overall conformity to masculinity, although MSMW were significantly more likely to conform to the masculine norm of power over women. Regression results revealed that conformity to norms of masculinity was bidirectionally associated with psychological distress and that these patterns of association were distinct for MSME and MSMW. The discussion explores possible explanations for revealed differences between MSME and MSMW using existing research. Clinical implications, limitations, and opportunities for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan Wade
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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Boonchooduang N, Louthrenoo O, Likhitweerawong N, Charnsil C, Narkpongphun A. Emotional and behavioral problems among sexual minority youth in Thailand. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 45:83-87. [PMID: 31539658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual minority youth (SMY) had more risk behaviors and mental health problems than heterosexual youth. Relatively little research has differentiated among lesbian/gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) youth. OBJECTIVE To examine the differences in emotional and behavioral problems between LGBQ youth in the city of Northern Thailand. METHODS Data were from a school-based, cross-sectional study of grade 7-12 students in secondary and vocational schools. Five hundred and forty-three students who identified themselves as LGBQ and 3829 heterosexual peers completed the Youth Self-Report (YSR). RESULTS Of 12.4% of LGBQ participants, 4.1% identified themselves as lesbian/gay, 4.8% as bisexual, and 3.5% were unsure. SMY had significantly higher scores in internalizing problems (16.84 VS 13.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94-3.77, P < 0.001), externalizing problems (15.23 VS 13.51, 95% CI 0.97-2.45, P < 0.001), and total behavioral scores (55.26 VS 47.16, 95% CI 5.55-10.63, P < 0.001) than their heterosexual peers. In sexual minority subgroup analyses, all syndrome subscales were highest in the bisexual group followed by the lesbian/gay group, and the questioning group, respectively. CONCLUSION LGBQ high school students had greater psychosocial problems than their heterosexual counterparts. Bisexual students were at the greatest risks of emotional and behavioral problems. Pediatricians and school mental health providers should be aware of emotional and behavioral problems among LGBQ students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orawan Louthrenoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University.
| | | | - Chawanun Charnsil
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University
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Research on Relationships between Sexual Identity, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Rural High School Students in Less Developed Areas of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173158. [PMID: 31470648 PMCID: PMC6747706 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the influence of sexual identity and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among rural high school students in less developed areas of China. Methods: Behavior risk factors data collected from 1810 students from a high school in Jiangxi province, China. Five measures of childhood abuse and household dysfunction were summarized, and ACE was divided into 0, 1, 2, 3–5 ACEs. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influence of sexual identity, adverse childhood experiences, and their interaction with non-suicidal self-injury. Results: Compared with heterosexual students, high school students who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) have a higher tendency of non-suicidal self-injury (AOR = 3.250, 95% CI = 1.69–6.28, p < 0.01). There was also a graded relationship between cumulative ACEs exposure and non-suicidal self-injury behaviors (AOR = 1.627, 95% CI = 1.02–2.60, p < 0.05). Odds for NSSI are higher among students with both experienced ACEs and identified as LGB (AOR = 2.821, 95% CI = 1.51–5.29, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Non-suicidal self-injury is associated with ACEs exposure and with those who identify as LGB, and the NSSI odds are greater when students identify as LGB and have experienced ACEs. More interventions to reduce non-suicidal self-injury should focus on LGB and ACEs and more attention needs to be paid to those who identify as LGB and have been exposed to ACEs.
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Puhl RM, Himmelstein MS, Watson RJ. Weight-based victimization among sexual and gender minority adolescents: Implications for substance use and mental health. Health Psychol 2019; 38:727-737. [PMID: 31157534 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight-based victimization (WBV) involves being the target of intentional physical, verbal, or psychological harm because of one's body weight. Youth experience harmful health consequences from WBV, but this literature has neglected sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth, despite their high rates of overweight and obesity, and mental health problems. The present study assessed health behaviors (substance use), self-rated health, perceived control over stressors, depressive symptoms and self-esteem as a function of WBV in a large, national sample of LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) adolescents. METHOD Participants (N = 9,838, Mage = 15.6 years, SD = 1.26) completed a web-based battery of questionnaires examining victimization, health, family, and school experiences of LGBTQ adolescents in the United States. RESULTS WBV was associated with increased odds of alcohol use, binge drinking, marijuana use, and cigarette use, independent of adolescents' age, race, body mass index (BMI), sexual identity, gender identity, caregiver education, and U.S. region. Frequency of WBV at school and weight teasing from family members were both consistently associated with lower self-rated health, lower perceived control over stressors, lower self-esteem, and higher depressive symptom scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings present the first large-scale evidence of the relationship between WBV and adverse health behaviors in SGM youth. Sexual minority youth who experience WBV, especially from family members, may be vulnerable to adverse health behaviors and low perceived health, regardless of their BMI. These findings highlight the importance of considering WBV when examining health behaviors in LGBTQ youth, and increased awareness of these issues among health care professionals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Puhl
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut
| | | | - Ryan J Watson
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut
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Proulx CN, Coulter RW, Egan JE, Matthews DD, Mair C. Associations of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning-Inclusive Sex Education With Mental Health Outcomes and School-Based Victimization in U.S. High School Students. J Adolesc Health 2019; 64:608-614. [PMID: 30691941 PMCID: PMC6478545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Homophobic school climates are related to increased victimization for sexual minority youth (SMY), leading to increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes. Interventions that promote positive school climate may reduce the risk of victimization and adverse mental health outcomes in SMY. This study explored whether lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ)-inclusive sex education is associated with adverse mental health and school-based victimization in U.S. youth. METHODS Data analysis of representative data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey and the 2014 School Health Profiles was conducted using multilevel logistic models testing whether youth in states with higher proportions of schools teaching LGBTQ-inclusive sex education had lower odds of reporting being bullied in school and experiencing adverse mental health outcomes, including depressive symptoms and suicidality. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, protective effects for all youth were found for suicidal thoughts (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: .91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .89-.93) and making a suicide plan (AOR: .79; 95% CI: .77-.80). Lesbian and gay youth had lower odds of experiencing bullying in school as the proportion of schools within a state teaching LGBTQ-inclusive sex education increased (AOR: .83; CI: .71-.97). Bisexual youth had significantly lower odds of reporting depressive symptoms (AOR: .92; 95% CI: .87-.98). CONCLUSIONS Students in states with a greater proportion of LGBTQ-inclusive sex education have lower odds of experiencing school-based victimization and adverse mental health. These findings can be used to guide intervention development at the school and state levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N. Proulx
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 15261,Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 15261
| | - Robert W.S. Coulter
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 15261,Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 15261
| | - Jamie E. Egan
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 15261,Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 15261
| | - Derrick D. Matthews
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 15261,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 15261
| | - Christina Mair
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 15261
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Wolford-Clevenger C, Frantell KA, Brem MJ, Garner A, Rae Florimbio A, Grigorian H, Shorey RC, Stuart GL. Suicide ideation among Southern U.S. Sexual minority college students. DEATH STUDIES 2018; 44:223-229. [PMID: 30569841 PMCID: PMC6586537 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2018.1531088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority individuals are at higher risk for suicide ideation compared with heterosexual individuals. We tested whether the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide explains increased suicide ideation among sexual minority college students living in the southeastern region of the United States. The cross-sectional study assessed correlates of suicide ideation in a convenience sample (n = 82) of sexual minority college students. Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness correlated with suicide ideation. However, only perceived burdensomeness correlated with suicide ideation while controlling for depressive symptoms. Pending replication, perceived burdensomeness may be a target for suicide prevention and intervention among sexual minority college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keri A Frantell
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meagan J Brem
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alisa Garner
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Autumn Rae Florimbio
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hannah Grigorian
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ryan C Shorey
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gregory L Stuart
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Abstract
LGBTQ youth experience increased risks of homelessness, mental health disorder symptoms, and suicidality. Utilizing data from LGBTQ youth contacting a suicide crisis services organization, this study examined: (a) rates of homelessness among crisis services users, (b) the relationship between disclosure of LGBTQ identity to parents and parental rejection and homelessness, and (c) the relationship between homelessness and mental health disorder outcomes and suicidality. A nationwide sample of LGBTQ youth was recruited for a confidential online survey from an LGBTQ-focused crisis services hotline. Overall, nearly one-third of youth contacting the crisis services hotline had experienced lifetime homelessness, and those who had disclosed their LGBTQ identity to parents or experienced parental rejection because of LGBTQ status experienced higher rates of homelessness. Youth with homelessness experiences reported more symptoms of several mental health disorders and higher rates of suicidality. Suggestions for service providers are discussed.
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Cyberbullying and traditional bullying involvement among heterosexual and non-heterosexual adolescents, and their associations with age and gender. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pennay A, McNair R, Hughes TL, Leonard W, Brown R, Lubman DI. Improving alcohol and mental health treatment for lesbian, bisexual and queer women: Identity matters. Aust N Z J Public Health 2017; 42:35-42. [PMID: 29235690 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lesbian, bisexual and queer (LBQ) women experience substantial unmet alcohol and mental health treatment needs. This paper explores the way in which sexual identity shapes experience, and needs, in relation to alcohol and mental health treatment, and presents key messages for improving treatment. METHODS Twenty-five in-depth interviews were undertaken with same-sex attracted Australian women, aged 19-71. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically. RESULTS Key messages offered by participants focused on language, disclosure and practitioner training. Variation in sexual identity did not alter treatment expectations or needs; however, we noted an important difference with respect to identity salience, with high LBQ identity salience linked with preference for disclosure and acknowledgement of sexual identity in treatment interactions, and low identity salience linked with a preference not to disclose and for sexual identity not to require acknowledgement in treatment. CONCLUSIONS Treatment providers may find it useful to gather information about the centrality of sexual identity to LBQ women as a means of overcoming treatment barriers related to heteronormative conventions and discrimination, language and disclosure. Implications for public health: Treatment providers should adopt more inclusive language, seek information about identity salience and the importance of sexual identity to the current treatment, and regularly pursue LBQ-related professional development upskilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Victoria
| | - Ruth McNair
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Tonda L Hughes
- School of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, US
| | | | - Rhonda Brown
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Victoria
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Victoria.,Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria
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Sexual Orientation Differences in Adolescent Health Care Access and Health-Promoting Physician Advice. J Adolesc Health 2017; 61:555-561. [PMID: 28830797 PMCID: PMC5657259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physician screening and advice on health-related behaviors are an integral part of adolescent health care. Sexual minority adolescents encounter more barriers to health services; yet, no prior research has examined whether they also experience disparity in physician screening and advice. We examined possible sexual orientation disparities in health care access, physician screening, and advice on six health-related behaviors. METHODS Data were from a national sample of U.S. adolescents who participated in wave 2 of the NEXT Generation Health Study (n = 2023). Poisson regressions were conducted separately for males and females to estimate sexual orientation differences in health care access and health-related screening and advice. RESULTS Compared with heterosexual males, sexual minority males were more likely to report unmet medical needs in the past year (adjusted relative risk [ARR] = 2.23) but did not differ with respect to receiving physician advice concerning health-related behaviors. Compared with heterosexual females, sexual minority females were more likely to report no routine physical checkup in the past year (ARR = 1.67) but were more likely to receive physician advice to reduce or stop drinking, smoking, drug use, increase physical activity, and improve diet (ARRs = 1.56-1.99), even after controlling for corresponding health-related behaviors. Sexual minority females were also more likely to receive advice about risk associated with sexual behavior (ARR = 1.35) and advice to avoid sexually transmitted diseases (ARR = 1.49). CONCLUSIONS Both sexual minority males and females experienced disparities in some aspects of health care access. Improved health-promoting advice would better serve sexual minority males.
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Bry LJ, Mustanski B, Garofalo R, Burns MN. Resilience to Discrimination and Rejection Among Young Sexual Minority Males and Transgender Females: A Qualitative Study on Coping With Minority Stress. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2017; 65:1435-1456. [PMID: 28901829 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2017.1375367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority and transgender status is associated with mental health disparities, which have been empirically and theoretically linked to stressors related to social stigma. Despite exposure to these unique stressors, many sexual minority and transgender individuals will not experience mental health disorders in their lifetime. Little is known about the specific processes that sexual minority and transgender youth use to maintain their wellbeing in the presence of discrimination and rejection. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 sexual minority males and transgender females aged 18-22 years, who currently met criteria for an operationalized definition of resilience to depression and anxiety. Data were analyzed qualitatively, yielding information related to a wide variety of problem-solving, support-seeking, and accommodative coping strategies employed by youth in the face of social stigma. Results are discussed in light of their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jane Bry
- a Department of Psychology , Florida International University , Miami , Florida , USA
- e Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies (CBITs) , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- b Department of Medical Social Sciences , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , Illinois, USA
| | - Robert Garofalo
- c Department of Preventive Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , Illinois , USA
- d Department of Pediatrics-Adolescent Medicine , Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Michelle Nicole Burns
- e Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies (CBITs) , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , Illinois , USA
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Taliaferro LA, Muehlenkamp JJ. Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicidality Among Sexual Minority Youth: Risk Factors and Protective Connectedness Factors. Acad Pediatr 2017; 17:715-722. [PMID: 28865597 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated differences in prevalence of repetitive nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation, and a suicide attempt among youth who identified as bisexual, gay/lesbian, and questioning. In addition, we examined which types of social connections were associated with reduced risk of repetitive NSSI and suicidality among youth who identified with a specific sexual minority group. METHODS Data came from the 2013 Minnesota Student Survey. The analytic sample included 77,758 students in grades 9 and 11. Connectedness factors included parent connectedness, teacher caring, connectedness to other nonparental adults, school safety, and friend caring. Logistic regression analyses, stratified according to sexual minority group, determined social connectedness factors associated with repetitive NSSI, suicidal ideation, and a suicide attempt, as well as moderating effects of significant connectedness factors on different risk factors (depression, anxiety, bullying, and violence victimization). RESULTS Approximately 3% identified as bisexual or questioning their sexual orientation, and <1% identified as gay/lesbian. Sexual minority youth, particularly bisexual youth, were significantly more likely than heterosexual youth to report repetitive NSSI and suicidality. Effects of connectedness varied across sexual minority groups and outcomes on the basis of types of connections. Parent connectedness emerged as a robust protective factor for all self-harm behaviors among bisexual and questioning youth. Feeling connected to nonparental adults and safe at school represented additional factors that reduced risk of repetitive NSSI and suicidality among certain groups. CONCLUSIONS In addition to facilitating connections between youth and parents, clinicians might consider encouraging sexual minority youth to remain connected to trusted nonparental adults who could offer support and care. Schools might consider implementing sociocultural norms of acceptance, tolerance, and positive identity development to reduce risk of self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Taliaferro
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla.
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Fleming JB, Hill YN, Burns MN. Usability of a Culturally Informed mHealth Intervention for Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: Feedback From Young Sexual Minority Men. JMIR Hum Factors 2017; 4:e22. [PMID: 28842389 PMCID: PMC5591407 DOI: 10.2196/humanfactors.7392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, we are aware of no interventions for anxiety and depression developed as mobile phone apps and tailored to young sexual minority men, a group especially at risk of anxiety and depression. We developed TODAY!, a culturally informed mobile phone intervention for young men who are attracted to men and who have clinically significant symptoms of anxiety or depression. The core of the intervention consists of daily psychoeducation informed by transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and a set of tools to facilitate putting these concepts into action, with regular mood ratings that result in tailored feedback (eg, tips for current distress and visualizations of mood by context). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to conduct usability testing to understand how young sexual minority men interact with the app, to inform later stages of intervention development. METHODS Participants (n=9) were young sexual minority men aged 18-20 years (Mean=19.00, standard deviation [SD]=0.71; 44% black, 44% white, and 11.1% Latino), who endorsed at least mild depression and anxiety symptoms. Participants were recruited via flyers, emails to college lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) organizations, Web-based advertisements, another researcher's database of sexual minority youth interested in research participation, and word of mouth. During recorded interviews, participants were asked to think out loud while interacting with the TODAY! app on a mobile phone or with paper prototypes. Feedback identified from these recordings and from associated field notes were subjected to thematic analysis using a general inductive approach. To aid interpretation of results, methods and results are reported according to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ). RESULTS Thematic analysis of usability feedback revealed a theme of general positive feedback, as well as six recurring themes that informed continued development: (1) functionality (eg, highlight new material when available), (2) personalization (eg, more tailored feedback), (3) presentation (eg, keep content brief), (4) aesthetics (eg, use brighter colors), (5) LGBT or youth content (eg, add content about coming out), and (6) barriers to use (eg, perceiving psychoeducation as homework). CONCLUSIONS Feedback from usability testing was vital to understanding what young sexual minority men desire from a mobile phone intervention for symptoms of anxiety and depression and was used to inform the ongoing development of such an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Fleming
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yvette N Hill
- IMPACT LGBT Health and Development Program, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michelle Nicole Burns
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Tellier PP. The impact on mental and physical health of human rights as they relate to gender and sexual minority adolescents and emerging adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN HEALTHCARE 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/ijhrh-01-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the human rights issues pertinent to adolescents of diverse sexual orientation and gender identities and the health consequences resulting for the transgression of these rights. In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution endorsing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Yet, 73 member states criminalize the activities of these individuals. The other member states do not impose legal penalties on these activities, yet sexual and gender minority youth within these states continue to experience acts of physical and psychological aggression.
Design/methodology/approach
A commissioned position paper grounded in a convenient scholarly literature review on this topic.
Findings
Human rights transgressions by states or individuals lead to minority stress affecting the mental health and physical health of these youth.
Originality/value
The author makes a number of recommendations to address some of the impact resulting from the transgression of human rights in the world.
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Abstract
To optimally address sex and sexuality, normalize gender and sexual diversities, and attend to adolescents' needs, clinicians will best serve their patients and their families by becoming comfortable initiating confidential, developmentally appropriate discussions with all adolescent patients. The goal is to create a safe, affirming, nonjudgmental space wherein adolescents may learn about sexual matters, discuss concerns, ask questions, and find support to assist them to achieve healthy, positive development. This article provides useful, practical suggestions to begin these conversations, offers specific examples and tips to encourage dialogue, and discusses ways to be a resource to adolescent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Pfeffer
- Division of Child & Adolescent Health, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 622 West 168th Street, VC4-417, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Taylor Rose Ellsworth
- Division of Education, Research and Training, Physicians for Reproductive Health, 55 West 39th Street, Suite 1001, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Melanie A Gold
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Community and Health Education, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Population and Family Health, Center for Community and Health Education, Columbia University Medical Center, 60 Haven Avenue, Level B-3, Room 308, New York, NY 10032, USA
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May T, Pang KC, Williams K. Brief Report: Sexual Attraction and Relationships in Adolescents with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:1910-1916. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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