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Rivadulla M, Lois M, Elena AX, Balboa S, Suarez S, Berendonk TU, Romalde JL, Garrido JM, Omil F. Occurrence and fate of CECs (OMPs, ARGs and pathogens) during decentralised treatment of black water and grey water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169863. [PMID: 38190906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Decentralised wastewater treatment is becoming a suitable strategy to reduce cost and environmental impact. In this research, the performance of two technologies treating black water (BW) and grey water (GW) fractions of urban sewage is carried out in a decentralised treatment of the wastewater produced in three office buildings. An Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) treating BW and a Hybrid preanoxic Membrane Bioreactor (H-MBR) containing small plastic carrier elements, treating GW were operated at pilot scale. Their potential on reducing the release of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) such as Organic Micropollutants (OMPs), Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) and pathogens was studied. After 226 d of operation, a stable operation was achieved in both systems: the AnMBR removed 92.4 ± 2.5 % of influent COD, and H-MBR removed 89.7 ± 3.5 %. Regarding OMPs, the profile of compounds differed between BW and GW, being BW the matrix with more compounds detected at higher concentrations (up to μg L-1). For example, in the case of ibuprofen the concentrations in BW were 23.63 ± 3.97 μg L-1, 3 orders of magnitude higher than those detected in GW. The most abundant ARGs were sulfonamide resistant genes (sul1) and integron class 1 (intl1) in both BW and GW. Pathogenic bacteria counts were reduced between 1 and 3 log units in the AnMBR. Bacterial loads in GW were much lower than in BW, being no bacterial re-growth observed for the GW effluents after treatment in the H-MBR. None of the selected enteric viruses was detected in GW treatment line.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rivadulla
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - M Lois
- CRETUS, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A X Elena
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Balboa
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - S Suarez
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - T U Berendonk
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Dresden, Germany
| | - J L Romalde
- CRETUS, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J M Garrido
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - F Omil
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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Vaudreuil MA, Munoz G, Vo Duy S, Sauvé S. Tracking down pharmaceutical pollution in surface waters of the St. Lawrence River and its major tributaries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168680. [PMID: 37996029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
A reconnaissance survey was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence and risks of 27 pharmaceuticals and metabolites in the St. Lawrence watershed. Surface water samples were collected over a five-year period (2017-2021) along a 700-km reach of the St. Lawrence River as well as 55 tributary rivers (overall N = 406 samples). Additionally, depth water samples and sediments were collected near a major wastewater effluent. Caffeine, diclofenac, and venlafaxine were the most recurrent substances (detection rates >80 %), and extremely high levels were found near a municipal effluent (e.g., ibuprofen (860 ng/L), hydroxyibuprofen (1800 ng/L) and caffeine (7200 ng/L)). Geographical mapping and statistical analyses indicated that the St. Lawrence River water mass after the Montreal City effluent was significantly more contaminated than the other water masses, and that contamination could extend up to 70 km further downstream. This phenomenon was repeatedly observed over the five years of sampling, confirming that this is not a random trend. A slight increase in contamination was also observed near Quebec City, but concentrations rapidly declined in the estuarine transition zone. Tributaries with the highest pharmaceutical levels (ΣPharmas ∼400-900 ng/L) included the Mascouche, Saint-Régis, and Bertrand rivers, all located in the densely populated Greater Montreal area. When flowrate was factored in, the top five tributaries in terms of mass load (ΣPharmas ∼200-2000 kg/year) were the Des Prairies, Saint-François, Richelieu, Ottawa, and Yamaska rivers. All samples met the Canadian Water Quality Guideline for carbamazepine. Despite the large dilution effect of the St. Lawrence River, a risk quotient approach based on freshwater PNEC values suggested that four compounds (caffeine, carbamazepine, diclofenac, and ibuprofen) could present intermediate to high risks for aquatic organisms in terms of chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Han Y, Zhao J, Guo X, Jiao T. Removal of methanol from water by capacitive deionization system combined with functional nanoporous graphene membrane. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137011. [PMID: 36330976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this article, molecular dynamics simulations were used to examine the feasibility of capacitive deionization (CDI) system combined with a functionalized nanoporous graphene (NPG) membrane for removing methanol from water. The radial distribution function of electrode-methanol and methanol-water, the self-diffusion coefficient of methanol and water, the water density near the membrane, the interaction energy between methanol and membrane, the hydrogen bond structure between methanol and water, and the 2D density map of methanol molecules near the membrane under different electric field (EF) (to simulate the effect of capacitance) were examined to evaluate the separation performance of NPG membranes with hydrogen-passivated pores for methanol. The findings show that an EF with appropriate strength can decrease the amount of water molecules near methanol, increase the self-diffusion coefficient of methanol and water, increase hydrophobicity of hydrogenated pores, decrease the interaction between the NPG membrane and methanol, and weaken hydrogen bond interaction between water and methanol molecules. All these findings suggest that an appropriate EF can improve the NPG membrane's permeability to methanol, and verify the feasibility of CDI system combined with hydrogenated NPG membrane to remove methanol from water. This study is expected to propose a potential CDI application technology, and also give a novel idea for the removal of small organic molecules in water by functionalized NPG membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, PR China; School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, PR China.
| | - Jiying Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, PR China
| | - Tifeng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, PR China.
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Alegbeleye O, Daramola OB, Adetunji AT, Ore OT, Ayantunji YJ, Omole RK, Ajagbe D, Adekoya SO. Efficient removal of antibiotics from water resources is a public health priority: a critical assessment of the efficacy of some remediation strategies for antibiotics in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:56948-57020. [PMID: 35716301 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the fundamental principles and mechanism of antibiotic removal from water of some commonly applied treatment techniques including chlorination, ozonation, UV-irradiation, Fenton processes, photocatalysis, electrochemical-oxidation, plasma, biochar, anaerobicdigestion, activated carbon and nanomaterials. Some experimental shortfalls identified by researchers such as certain characteristics of degradation agent applied and the strategies explored to override the identified limitations are briefly discussed. Depending on interactions of a range of factors including the type of antibiotic compound, operational parameters applied such as pH, temperature and treatment time, among other factors, all reviewed techniques can eliminate or reduce the levels of antibiotic compounds in water to varying extents. Some of the reviewed techniques such as anaerobic digestion generally require longer treatment times (up to 360, 193 and 170 days, according to some studies), while others such as photocatalysis achieved degradation within short contact time (within a minimum of 30, but up to 60, 240, 300 and 1880 minutes, in some cases). For some treatment techniques such as ozonation and Fenton, it is apparent that subjecting compounds to longer treatment times may improve elimination efficiency, whereas for some other techniques such as nanotechnology, application of longer treatment time generally meant comparatively minimal elimination efficiency. Based on the findings of experimental studies summarized, it is apparent that operational parameters such as pH and treatment time, while critical, do not exert sole or primary influence on the elimination percentage(s) achieved. Elimination efficiency achieved rather seems to be due more to the force of a combination of several factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadara Alegbeleye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
| | | | - Adewole Tomiwa Adetunji
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington, Western Cape, 7654, South Africa
| | - Odunayo T Ore
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Yemisi Juliet Ayantunji
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Advanced Space Technology Applications Laboratory, Cooperative Information Network, National Space Research and Development Agency, Ile-Ife, P.M.B. 022, Nigeria
| | - Richard Kolade Omole
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Applied Sciences, Osun State College of Technology, Esa-Oke, Nigeria
| | - Damilare Ajagbe
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, USA
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Barcellos DDS, Procopiuck M, Bollmann HA. Management of pharmaceutical micropollutants discharged in urban waters: 30 years of systematic review looking at opportunities for developing countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151128. [PMID: 34710408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical micropollutants' contamination of urban waters has been studied globally for decades, but the concentration of innovations in management initiatives is still in developed economies. The gap between the locus of innovations in pharmaceuticals and the relative stagnation in less developed economies to manage waste originating in this activity seems fruitful for investigations on innovation in integrated micropollutant management strategies. These tensions allow for advances in current knowledge for environmental management and, particularly, finding solutions for the contamination by pharmaceutical micropollutants of urban water bodies in developing countries. We aim to list the main strategies for managing pharmaceutical micropollutants discussed to point out opportunities for developing countries to advance in this direction. Methodologically, we conducted a systematic literature review from 1990 to 2020, covering 3027 documents on "pharmaceutical micropollutants management." The framework formed by the macro-approach to integrated management operationalized by the dimensional micro-approaches: technical, organizational, community, and governmental allowed us to understand that (1) the management of pharmaceutical micropollutants tends to occur through a technical approach centered on the removal of aquatic matrices, green chemistry, and urine diversion; (2) management with an organizational approach has enabled removing drugs from water bodies by drug take-back program, collaborative projects, drug use reduction, and better organizational practices; (3) the community approach have helped minimize this type of pollution by reducing the consumption of medicines and the proper destination for medicines that are no longer in use. Finally, the government management approach emerges as a source of legal, economic, and informational instruments to reduce pollution by pharmaceutical micropollutants. Furthermore, these management approaches allowed us to identify 15 opportunities for possible adjustments for developing societies. These opportunities can be promising for practices and research and, in the medium term, contribute to minimizing pollution by pharmaceutical micropollutants in urban waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demian da Silveira Barcellos
- Graduate Program in Urban Management (PPGTU), Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), 1155 Imaculada Conceição St, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Mario Procopiuck
- Graduate Program in Urban Management (PPGTU), Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), 1155 Imaculada Conceição St, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Harry Alberto Bollmann
- Graduate Program in Urban Management (PPGTU), Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), 1155 Imaculada Conceição St, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
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6
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Dos Santos CR, Lebron YAR, Moreira VR, Koch K, Amaral MCS. Biodegradability, environmental risk assessment and ecological footprint in wastewater technologies for pharmaceutically active compounds removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126150. [PMID: 34678454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) by wastewater treatment technologies due to the risk that these compounds pose to the environment. In this sense, advanced biological processes have been developed for micropollutants removal, such as membrane bioreactors and moving bed biofilm reactors. Thus, this review holistically evaluated the biodegradation of 18 environmentally hazardous PhACs. Biological processes were assessed including removal efficiencies, environmental risk, and ecological footprint (consumption of resources and energy, atmospheric emissions, and waste generation). The maximum concentration of PhACs for a low or negligible risk scenario in treated wastewater and the potential of biological processes to meet this goal were assessed. Among the evaluated PhACs, the most biodegradable was paracetamol, while the most recalcitrant was diclofenac. Combination of conventional processes and advanced biological processes proved to be the most efficient way to remove several PhACs, mainly the osmotic membrane bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Yuri Abner Rocha Lebron
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Rezende Moreira
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 385748 Garching, Germany
| | - Míriam Cristina Santos Amaral
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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7
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Ji X, Challis JK, Brinkmann M. A critical review of diffusive gradients in thin films technique for measuring organic pollutants: Potential limitations, application to solid phases, and combination with bioassays. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132352. [PMID: 34826958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) for organics has received considerable attention for studying the chemical dynamics of various organic pollutants in the environment. This review investigates current limitations of DGT for organics and identifies several research gaps for future studies. The application of a protective outer filter membrane has been recommended for most DGT applications, however, important questions regarding longer lag times due to significant interaction or adsorption of specific groups of compounds on the outer membrane remain. A modified DGT configuration has been developed that uses the diffusive gel as the outer membrane without the use of an extra filter membrane, however use of this configuration, while largely successful, remains limited. Biofouling has been a concern when using DGT for metals; however, effect on the performance of DGT for organics needs to be systemically studied. Storage stability of compounds on intact DGT samplers has been assessed in select studies and that data is synthesized here. DGT has been used to describe the kinetic desorption of antibiotics from soils and biosolids based on the soil/biosolid physical-chemical characteristics, yet applications remain limited and requires further research before wide-scale adoption is recommended. Finally, DGT for organics has been rarely, albeit successfully, combined with bioassays as well as in vivo bioaccumulation studies in zebrafish. Studies using DGT combined with bioassays to predict the adverse effects of environmental mixtures on aquatic or terrestrial biota are discussed here and should be considered for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ji
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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8
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Echevarria D, Trimmer JT, Cusick RD, Guest JS. Defining Nutrient Colocation Typologies for Human-Derived Supply and Crop Demand To Advance Resource Recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10704-10713. [PMID: 34260214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Resource recovery from human excreta can advance circular economies while improving access to sanitation and renewable agricultural inputs. While national projections of nutrient recovery potential provide motivation for resource recovery sanitation, elucidating generalizable strategies for sustainable implementation requires a deeper understanding of country-specific overlap between supply and demand. For 107 countries, we analyze the colocation of human-derived nutrients (in urine) and crop demands for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To characterize colocation patterns, we fit data for each country to a generalized logistic function. Using fitted logistic curve parameters, three typologies were identified: (i) dislocated nutrient supply and demand resulting from high density agriculture (with low population density) and nutrient islands (e.g., dense cities) motivating nutrient concentration and transport; (ii) colocated nutrient supply and demand enabling local reuse; and (iii) diverse nutrient supply-demand proximities, with countries spanning the continuum between (i) and (ii). Finally, we explored connections between these typologies and country-specific contextual characteristics via principal component analysis and found that the Human Development Index was clustered by typology. By providing a generalizable, quantitative framework for characterizing the colocation of human-derived nutrient supply and agricultural nutrient demand, these typologies can advance resource recovery by informing resource management strategies, policy, and investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desarae Echevarria
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - John T Trimmer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1101 W. Peabody Dr., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Roland D Cusick
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeremy S Guest
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1101 W. Peabody Dr., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Fernandes TA, Mendo SG, Ferreira LP, Neng NR, Oliveira MC, Gil A, Carvalho MD, Monteiro OC, Nogueira JMF, Calhorda MJ. Photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen and caffeine using magnetite-hematite combined nanoparticles: kinetics and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17228-17243. [PMID: 33394452 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) has contributed to the contamination of water systems and put pressure on the development of new techniques to deal with this problem. Acetaminophen (paracetamol), a common analgesic and antipyretic drug, and caffeine, a known central nervous system stimulant, are being used frequently by many people and found in large amounts in wastewater systems. In this work, their removal, by photocatalytic degradation, was promoted using magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) based on iron oxides. Besides being obtained from cheap and plentiful source, the magnetic properties of these NPs provide an easy way to separate them from the solution when the reaction is complete. Three types of hematite-based NPs, one pure (1) and two of them composed by a magnetite core partially (2) or completely (3) covered by a hematite shell, were synthesized and characterized. Sample 2 was the best photocatalyst for both pollutants' photo-assisted degradation. Under UV-vis irradiation and using a 0.13 g catalyst/L solution, the total acetaminophen and caffeine degradation (20 ppm/150 mL) was achieved in 45 min and 60 min, respectively. The identification of some of the intermediate products was carried out by liquid chromatography in combination with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. A complementary Density Functional Theory (DFT) study revealed the relative stability of several species formed during the acetaminophen and caffeine degradation processes and gave some insight about the most favorable degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago A Fernandes
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia G Mendo
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Liliana P Ferreira
- Physics Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno R Neng
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adrià Gil
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Maria Deus Carvalho
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Olinda C Monteiro
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M F Nogueira
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria José Calhorda
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
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10
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Olatunde OC, Onwudiwe DC. Graphene-Based Composites as Catalysts for the Degradation of Pharmaceuticals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1529. [PMID: 33562739 PMCID: PMC7914572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The incessant release of pharmaceuticals into the aquatic environment continues to be a subject of increasing concern. This is because of the growing demand for potable water sources and the potential health hazards which these pollutants pose to aquatic animals and humans. The inability of conventional water treatment systems to remove these compounds creates the need for new treatment systems in order to deal with these class of compounds. This review focuses on advanced oxidation processes that employ graphene-based composites as catalysts for the degradation of pharmaceuticals. These composites have been identified to possess enhanced catalytic activity due to increased surface area and reduced charge carrier recombination. The techniques employed in synthesizing these composites have been explored and five different advanced oxidation processes-direct degradation process, chemical oxidation process, photocatalysis, electrocatalyis processes and sonocatalytic/sono-photocatalytic processes-have been studied in terms of their enhanced catalytic activity. Finally, a comparative analysis of the processes that employ graphene-based composites was done in terms of process efficiency, reaction rate, mineralization efficiency and time required to achieve 90% degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan C. Olatunde
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Mafikeng Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Mafikeng Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Damian C. Onwudiwe
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Mafikeng Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Mafikeng Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
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11
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Nazari S, Zinatizadeh AA, Mirghorayshi M, van Loosdrecht MC. Waste or Gold? Bioelectrochemical Resource Recovery in Source-Separated Urine. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:990-1006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Capacitive deionization for simultaneous removal of salt and uncharged organic contaminants from water. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Huang Q, Fang C, Muhammad M, Yao G. Assessment of norfloxacin degradation induced by plasma-produced ozone using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124618. [PMID: 31470309 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we employed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculation to investigate the pathways/mechanisms of the norfloxacin degradation by oxygen plasma produced ozone. The main degradation products were analyzed by the spectroscopic method, which revealed the breakage of the C-F bond and fracture of piperazinyl and quinolone moieties. In particular, we showed that the main degradation pathway was defluorination of norfloxacin, and this process could be quantitatively assessed by our proposed SERS approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Cao Fang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Muhammad Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guohua Yao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
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14
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Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Steroidal Hormones and Phenolic Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Surface Water in Cuautla River, Mexico. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), and three phenolic compounds, bisphenol A (BPA), 4-N-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), were determined in surface water in the Cuautla River at the State of Morelos during the dry-season in Mexico. The endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) were extracted from water samples using solid-phase extraction (SPE) with end-capped C18, and then the extracts were chemically derivatized to TMS (trimethylsylane)-compounds and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS). The most abundant compound was BPA (22.46 ± 30.17 ng L−1), followed by 4-t-OP (11.24 ± 11.76 ng L−1), 4-NP (7.53 ± 14.88 ng L−1), EE2 (2.37 ± 4.36 ng L−1) and E2 (0.97 ± 1.82 ng L−1). The residual amounts of target compounds could either reach stream surface water from direct domestic wastewater discharges, conventional wastewater treatment plant or can be a result from the use of agrochemicals in crop areas. The EDCs in Cuautla River exerted a high pressure on the aquatic ecosystem because their presences in surface water caused medium and high potential ecological risk. Besides, it was found that aquatic organisms were exposed to estrogenic activity.
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15
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Wohlmuth da Silva S, Arenhart Heberle AN, Pereira Santos A, Siqueira Rodrigues MA, Pérez-Herranz V, Moura Bernardes A. Antibiotics mineralization by electrochemical and UV-based hybrid processes: evaluation of the synergistic effect. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:3456-3466. [PMID: 29770731 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1478453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are not efficiently removed in conventional wastewater treatments. In fact, different advanced oxidation process (AOPs), including ozone, peroxide, UV radiation, among others, are being investigated in the elimination of microcontaminants. Most of AOPs proved to be efficient on the degradation of antibiotics, but the mineralization is on the one hand not evaluated or on the other hand not high. At this work, the UV-based hybrid process, namely Photo-assisted electrochemical oxidation (PEO), was applied, aiming the mineralization of microcontaminants such as the antibiotics Amoxicillin (AMX), Norfloxacin (NOR) and Azithromycin (AZI). The influence of the individual contributions of electrochemical oxidation (EO) and the UV-base processes on the hybrid process (PEO) was analysed. Results showed that AMX and NOR presented higher mineralization rate under direct photolysis than AZI due to the high absorption of UV radiation. For the EO processes, a low mineralization was found for all antibiotics, what was associated to a mass-transport limitation related to the low concentration of contaminants (200 µg/L). Besides that, an increase in mineralization was found, when heterogeneous photocatalysis and EO are compared, due to the influence of UV radiation, which overcomes the mass-transport limitations. Although the UV-based processes control the reaction pathway that leads to mineralization, the best results to mineralize the antibiotics were achieved by PEO hybrid process. This can be explained by the synergistic effect of the processes that constitute them. A higher mineralization was achieved, which is an important and useful finding to avoid the discharge of microcontaminants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salatiel Wohlmuth da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais (PPGE3M), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brasil
- Grupo IEC. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - Alan Nelson Arenhart Heberle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais (PPGE3M), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brasil
| | - Alexia Pereira Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais (PPGE3M), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brasil
| | | | - Valentín Pérez-Herranz
- Grupo IEC. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universitat Politècnica de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - Andréa Moura Bernardes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais (PPGE3M), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brasil
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16
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Lu Y, Wang Z, Ouyang XK, Ji C, Liu Y, Huang F, Yang LY. Fabrication of cross-linked chitosan beads grafted by polyethylenimine for efficient adsorption of diclofenac sodium from water. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 145:1180-1188. [PMID: 31678102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diclofenac sodium (DS) is an emerging contaminant that is toxic and remains at high concentrations in natural aquatic environments. The aim of this study was to fabricate a novel spherical polymeric adsorbent composed of cross-linked chitosan beads grafted by polyethylenimine (PEI) to remove DS from water. The adsorbents were thoroughly characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analyses, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A cross-linking step was expected to enhance adsorption. The experimental data obtained from a series of adsorption experiments were fit well by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order model. The epichlorohydrin-PEI adsorbent (EPCS@PEI) showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 253.32 mg/g and removal efficiency of nearly 100% for the DS in the initial 50 mg/L solution. Therefore, EPCS@PEI is proposed as a potential adsorbent for DS removal, where these initial findings are expected to promote further design and fabrication of effective adsorbents for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lu
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Xiao-Kun Ouyang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
| | - Chao Ji
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Yonglun Liu
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Fangfang Huang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Li-Ye Yang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
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17
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Acetaminophen Removal from Water by Microalgae and Effluent Toxicity Assessment by the Zebrafish Embryo Bioassay. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11091929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, zebrafish embryo bioassays were performed to assess the efficiency of microalgae in the removal of acetaminophen from water. Chlorella sorokiniana (CS), Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and Scenedesmus obliquus (SO) were the strains used for water treatment. Toxic effects on zebrafish embryo caused by effluents from microalgae treatment were compared with those observed under exposure to experimental solutions with known concentrations of acetaminophen. The three microalgae strains allowed for the reduction of acetaminophen concentration and its toxic effects, but CS was the most efficient one. At the end of the batch culture, a 67% removal was provided by CS with a reduction of 62% in the total abnormalities on the exposed zebrafish embryo. On the other hand, toxic effects observed under exposure to effluents treated by microalgae were alike to those determined for acetaminophen experimental solutions with equivalent concentration. Thus, it may be inferred that microalgae biodegradation of acetaminophen did not involve an increased toxicity for zebrafish embryo.
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18
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Vo TKQ, Bui XT, Chen SS, Nguyen PD, Cao NDT, Vo TDH, Nguyen TT, Nguyen TB. Hospital wastewater treatment by sponge membrane bioreactor coupled with ozonation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:377-383. [PMID: 31112860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a sponge membrane bioreactor (Sponge-MBR) combined with ozonation process was performed to remove the antibiotics which frequently existed in the hospital wastewater. Whilst seven antibiotics i.e., norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim were widely used in medications, this integration was applied for the evaluation of treatment performance under different fluxes. As the results, whilst the antibiotics were eliminated about 45-93%, the tetracycline was completely removed (100%) using Sponge-MBR operated at the flux of 10 LMH. For enhancement of antibiotics removal, the ozonation process was introduced to treat the membrane permeate. Overall efficiencies were 97 ± 2% (trimethoprim), 92 ± 4% (norfloxacin), 90 ± 1% (erythromycin), 88 ± 4% (ofloxacin), 83 ± 7 (ciprofloxacin) and 66 ± 1% (sulfamethoxazole). These results demonstrated Sponge-MBR coupled with ozonation could be a prospective technology for the hospital wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Kim-Quyen Vo
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, VNU-HCM, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Shiao-Shing Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Chung-Hsiao E. Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Phuoc-Dan Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, VNU-HCM, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc-Dan-Thanh Cao
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Tin Nguyen
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Binh Nguyen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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19
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Lekota MW, Dimpe KM, Nomngongo PN. MgO-ZnO/carbon nanofiber nanocomposite as an adsorbent for ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction of carbamazepine from wastewater prior to high-performance liquid chromatographic detection. J Anal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-019-0185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Aptitude of Oxidative Enzymes for Treatment of Wastewater Pollutants: A Laccase Perspective. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112064. [PMID: 31151229 PMCID: PMC6600482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural water sources are very often contaminated by municipal wastewater discharges which contain either of xenobiotic pollutants and their sometimes more toxic degradation products, or both, which frustrates the universal millenium development goal of provision of the relatively scarce pristine freshwater to water-scarce and -stressed communities, in order to augment their socioeconomic well-being. Seeing that both regulatory measures, as regards the discharge limits of wastewater, and the query for efficient treatment methods remain unanswered, partially, the prospects of enzymatic treatment of wastewater is advisable. Therefore, a reconsideration was assigned to the possible capacity of oxidative enzymes and the respective challenges encountered during their applications in wastewater treatment, and ultimately, the prospects of laccase, a polyphenol oxidase that oxidizes aromatic and inorganic substrates with electron-donating groups in treatment aromatic contaminants of wastewater, in real wastewater situations, since it is assumed to be a vehicle for a greener community. Furthermore, the importance of laccase-driven catalysis toward maintaining mass-energy balance, hence minimizing environmental waste, was comprehensibly elucidated, as well the strategic positioning of laccase in a model wastewater treatment facility for effective treatment of wastewater contaminants.
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21
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Amoxicillin degradation using green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles: Kinetics and mechanism analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2019.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Saetta D, Padda A, Li X, Leyva C, Mirchandani PB, Boscovic D, Boyer TH. Real-Time Monitoring and Control of Urea Hydrolysis in Cyber-Enabled Nonwater Urinal System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3187-3197. [PMID: 30793897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This research used a cyber-physical system (CPS) to monitor and control the extent of urea hydrolysis in nonwater urinals. Real-time pH and conductivity data were used to control urea hydrolysis inhibition under realistic restroom conditions with acetic acid addition. Variable urination frequencies and urination volumes were used to compare three conditions that affect the progression of urea hydrolysis. Mechanistic and conceptual models were created to evaluate the factors that influence the progression of urea hydrolysis in nonwater urinals. It was found that low urination volumes at low frequencies created ideal conditions for urea hydrolysis to progress. Alternatively, high urination volumes at high frequencies created pseudo-inhibitory conditions because it did not allow for sufficient reaction time or mixing with older urine in the urinal trap. The CPS was used to control urea hydrolysis inhibition by two logics: (1) reactively responding to a pH threshold and (2) predictively responding to past measurements using four lasso regression models. Results from the control logic experiments showed that acid was added once per hour under low use conditions and once in a 4 h experiment for high use conditions. The CPS allowed for full control of urine chemistry in the nonwater urinal, reducing the conditions (i.e., clogging and malodor) that have led to the removal of nonwater urinals in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Saetta
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment (SSEBE) Arizona State University P.O. Box 873005, Tempe , Arizona 85287-3005 , United States
| | - Arsh Padda
- School of Computer Information and Decision Systems Engineering (CIDSE) Arizona State University P.O. Box 878809, Tempe , Arizona 85287-8809 , United States
| | - Xiushuang Li
- School of Computer Information and Decision Systems Engineering (CIDSE) Arizona State University P.O. Box 878809, Tempe , Arizona 85287-8809 , United States
| | - Carlos Leyva
- ASU Future H2O Office of Knowledge Enterprise Development Arizona State University P.O. Box 877205, Tempe , Arizona 85287-7205 , United States
| | - Pitu B Mirchandani
- School of Computer Information and Decision Systems Engineering (CIDSE) Arizona State University P.O. Box 878809, Tempe , Arizona 85287-8809 , United States
| | - Dragan Boscovic
- School of Computer Information and Decision Systems Engineering (CIDSE) Arizona State University P.O. Box 878809, Tempe , Arizona 85287-8809 , United States
- CEO of VizLore LLC SkySong, Suite 200 1365 N. Scottsdale Road , Scottsdale Arizona 85257 , United States
| | - Treavor H Boyer
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment (SSEBE) Arizona State University P.O. Box 873005, Tempe , Arizona 85287-3005 , United States
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23
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Khan NA, Johnson MD, Kubicki JD, Holguin FO, Dungan B, Carroll KC. Cyclodextrin-enhanced 1,4-dioxane treatment kinetics with TCE and 1,1,1-TCA using aqueous ozone. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:335-344. [PMID: 30551099 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced reactivity of aqueous ozone (O3) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and its impact on relative reactivity of O3 with contaminants were evaluated herein. Oxidation kinetics of 1,4-dioxane, trichloroethylene (TCE), and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) using O3 in single and multiple contaminant systems, with and without HPβCD, were quantified. 1,4-Dioxane decay rate constants for O3 in the presence of HPβCD increased compared to those without HPβCD. Density functional theory molecular modeling confirmed that formation of ternary complexes with HPβCD, O3, and contaminant increased reactivity by increasing reactant proximity and through additional reactivity within the HPβCD cavity. In the presence of chlorinated co-contaminants, the oxidation rate constant of 1,4-dioxane was enhanced. Use of HPβCD enabled O3 reactivity within the HPβCD cavity and enhanced 1,4-dioxane treatment rates without inhibition in the presence of TCE, TCA, and radical scavengers including NaCl and bicarbonate. Micro-environmental chemistry within HPβCD inclusion cavities mediated contaminant oxidation reactions with increased reaction specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima A Khan
- Water Science and Management Program, New Mexico State University, MSC 3Q P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; Plant & Environmental Science, New Mexico State University, MSC 3Q P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - James D Kubicki
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0555, USA
| | - F Omar Holguin
- Plant & Environmental Science, New Mexico State University, MSC 3Q P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Barry Dungan
- Plant & Environmental Science, New Mexico State University, MSC 3Q P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Kenneth C Carroll
- Water Science and Management Program, New Mexico State University, MSC 3Q P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; Plant & Environmental Science, New Mexico State University, MSC 3Q P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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Sousa JCG, Ribeiro AR, Barbosa MO, Ribeiro C, Tiritan ME, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT. Monitoring of the 17 EU Watch List contaminants of emerging concern in the Ave and the Sousa Rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:1083-1095. [PMID: 31884274 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of micropollutants in the environment is a matter of high concern. Some regulations have been published in the last years and a Watch List of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) for European Union monitoring of surface water was launched in the Decision 2015/495, including three estrogens (estrone, E1; 17-β-estradiol, E2; and 17-α-ethinylestradiol, EE2), four pharmaceuticals (diclofenac and the macrolide antibiotics azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin), an anti-oxidant (2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol, BHT), an UV filter (2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, EHMC), some pesticides (methiocarb and the neonicotinoids imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin and acetamiprid) and two herbicides (oxadiazon and triallate). This study provides the first spatial and seasonal monitoring campaign in the Ave and the Sousa Rivers for the all set of the 17 Watch List CECs (not reported yet for any country), in order to assess their occurrence, distribution, frequency and risk assessment. It also highlights the need of extend the study to other regions and environmental matrices to investigate the occurrence and possible sources of contamination of CECs, aiming to give insights for decision makers to define mitigation strategies for a more sustainable water policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C G Sousa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marta O Barbosa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Ribeiro
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria E Tiritan
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Fernando R Pereira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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25
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Simha P, Lalander C, Ramanathan A, Vijayalakshmi C, McConville JR, Vinnerås B, Ganesapillai M. What do consumers think about recycling human urine as fertiliser? Perceptions and attitudes of a university community in South India. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:527-538. [PMID: 30007256 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sanitation systems based on source separation and valorisation of human urine can improve the environmental sustainability of wastewater management. Yet, the social acceptability of such new, resource-oriented sanitation practices have not been assessed systematically. We attempt to address this research gap by reporting the findings of a survey conducted at a South Indian university that evaluated support for urine recycling among 1252 Indian consumers. We place our findings in the context of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, quantify consumer attitude to urine recycling through an exploratory numerical approach, and identify explanatory factors that shape consumer beliefs and perceptions. Overall, a moderately positive attitude was observed: 68% stated human urine should not be disposed but recycled, 55% considered it as fertiliser, but only 44% would consume food grown using it. While 65% believed using urine as crop fertiliser could pose a health risk, majority (80%) believed it could be treated so as to not pose a risk. The respondents' 'willingness to consume' urine-fertilised food was found to be strongly influenced by their willingness to pay. Consumer environmental attitudes, as evaluated using the New Ecological Paradigm scale, did not influence their attitude towards urine recycling behaviour. We thus believe that simply appealing to people's environmental sensitivities is not enough for introducing environmentally-friendly technologies like urine recycling, but that more targeted marketing messages are needed. We find sufficient support among our surveyed consumers for urine recycling but highlight that further research is needed to identify what information and agency will help translate positive attitudes into action and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvi Simha
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Lalander
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anooj Ramanathan
- Mass Transfer Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - C Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Chennai, 600 127, India
| | - Jennifer R McConville
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Vinnerås
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Ganesapillai
- Mass Transfer Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, India.
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Khalid NK, Devadasan D, Aravind UK, Aravindakumar CT. Screening and quantification of emerging contaminants in Periyar River, Kerala (India) by using high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Q-ToF-MS). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:370. [PMID: 29855727 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of emerging contaminants (ECs) in different aquatic systems may contribute to hazardous effects on aquatic organisms and subsequently on human health. In the present work, liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (LC-Q-ToF-MS) was used to identify and quantify a series of ECs in Periyar River in Aluva region, Kerala, India. The water samples were pre concentrated using solid-phase extraction (SPE) prior to analysis. The compounds were probed in both positive and negative ionization mode using electro spray ionization (ESI). Method validations were performed for linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision (intraday and inter day). The ECs were quantified using standard calibration curve. The identified nine ECs include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, steroids, surfactants, and phthalate. A relatively high concentration was observed in the case of 2-dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (1012 ng/l) and low concentration was observed for lignocaine (4.3 ng/l; since this is below LOQ, the value is only approximate). In addition, we have identified another 28 organic compounds using the technique of non-target analysis out of which seven compounds fall in the category of surfactants. Being the first report on ECs in Periyar River, the data is very important as this river is one of the biggest and important rivers of Kerala having several purification units for drinking water in the province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejumal K Khalid
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Dineep Devadasan
- Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Usha K Aravind
- Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Charuvila T Aravindakumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
- Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
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Wang J, Zhao SQ, Zhang MY, He BS. Targeted eco-pharmacovigilance for ketoprofen in the environment: Need, strategy and challenge. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:450-462. [PMID: 29227893 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Implementing "targeted" eco-pharmacovigilance(EPV) which focuses on individual or specific pharmaceuticals on a prioritised basis is a feasible, economical and customized approach to reduce the environmental concentrations and risks of pharmaceuticals. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) remaining in environment are a kind of priority hazard substances, due to a notable case that diclofenac residues caused the loss of more than 99% of vultures across the Indian sub-continent. Ketoprofen, as another widely used NSAID with comparable or even higher global consumption than diclofenac, in the environment has been shown to present a potential risk to non-target terrestrial and aquatic species. Based on the review of 85 articles reporting the analyses of ketoprofen residues in environment since 2010, we found that this NSAID frequently present in various environmental compartments around the world. Therefore, it is urgent to implement EPV targeting ketoprofen pollution. Here, we provide some recommendations for implementing the targeted EPV for ketoprofen, including: Closely monitoring ketoprofen in the natural environment; Reducing the residues of ketoprofen through source control; Encouraging urine source separation and treatment; Limiting the application of veterinary ketoprofen; Designing and constituting a framework system of targeted EPV. But some challenges, such as ambiguity in the accountability of the main bodies responsible for continued monitoring of ketoprofen residues, the lack of optimized urine source separation scenarios and procedure, the need for detailed design and application schemes of the framework system of targeted EPV, etc. should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Shu-Qi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Meng-Ya Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Bing-Shu He
- Hubei Woman and Child Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China.
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28
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Ling W, Ben W, Xu K, Zhang Y, Yang M, Qiang Z. Ozonation of norfloxacin and levofloxacin in water: Specific reaction rate constants and defluorination reaction. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:252-259. [PMID: 29272794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The degradation kinetics and mechanism of two typical fluoroquinolones (FQs), norfloxacin (NF) and levofloxacin (LOF), by ozone in water were investigated. Semi-continuous mode and competition kinetics mode experiments were conducted to determine the reaction rate constants of target FQs with ozone and OH, separately. Results indicate that both NF and LOF were highly reactive toward ozone, and the reactivity was strongly impacted by the solution pH. The specific reaction rate constants of the diprotonated, monoprotonated and deprotonated species were determined to be 7.20 × 102, 8.59 × 103, 4.54 × 105 M-1 s-1 respectively for NF and 1.30 × 103, 1.40 × 104, 1.33 × 106 M-1 s-1 respectively for LOF. The reaction rate constants of target FQs toward OH were measured to be (4.81-7.41) × 109 M-1 s-1 in the pH range of 6.3-8.3. Furthermore, NF was selected as a model compound to clarify the degradation pathways, with a particular focus on the defluorination reaction. The significant release of F- ions and the formation of three F-free organic byproducts indicated that defluorination was a prevalent pathway in ozonation of FQs, while six F-containing organic byproducts indicated that ozone also attacked the piperazinyl and quinolone moieties. Escherichia coli growth inhibition tests revealed that ozonation could effectively eliminate the antibacterial activity of target FQ solutions, and the residual antibacterial activity had a negative linear correlation with the released F- concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencui Ling
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, 59 Beiyingfang Middle Street, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Weiwei Ben
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China.
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Sousa JCG, Ribeiro AR, Barbosa MO, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT. A review on environmental monitoring of water organic pollutants identified by EU guidelines. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:146-162. [PMID: 29674092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of fresh water is a global concern. The huge impact of natural and anthropogenic organic substances that are constantly released into the environment, demands a better knowledge of the chemical status of Earth's surface water. Water quality monitoring studies have been performed targeting different substances and/or classes of substances, in different regions of the world, using different types of sampling strategies and campaigns. This review article aims to gather the available dispersed information regarding the occurrence of priority substances (PSs) and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that must be monitored in Europe in surface water, according to the European Union Directive 2013/39/EU and the Watch List of Decision 2015/495/EU, respectively. Other specific organic pollutants not considered in these EU documents as substances of high concern, but with reported elevated frequency of detection at high concentrations, are also discussed. The search comprised worldwide publications from 2012, considering at least one of the following criteria: 4 sampling campaigns per year, wet and dry seasons, temporal and/or spatial monitoring of surface (river, estuarine, lake and/or coastal waters) and ground waters. The highest concentrations were found for: (i) the PSs atrazine, alachlor, trifluralin, heptachlor, hexachlorocyclohexane, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; (ii) the CECs azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, diclofenac, 17α-ethinylestradiol, imidacloprid and 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate; and (iii) other unregulated organic compounds (caffeine, naproxen, metolachlor, estriol, dimethoate, terbuthylazine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, ketoprofen, atenolol, Bisphenol A, metoprolol, carbofuran, malathion, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine and ofloxacin). Most frequent substances as well as those found at highest concentrations in different seasons and regions, together with available risk assessment data, may be useful to identify possible future PS candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C G Sousa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marta O Barbosa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Fernando R Pereira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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30
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de Andrade JR, Oliveira MF, da Silva MGC, Vieira MGA. Adsorption of Pharmaceuticals from Water and Wastewater Using Nonconventional Low-Cost Materials: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia R. de Andrade
- Department of Processes and Products Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Avenue, 500, 13083-852, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria F. Oliveira
- Department of Processes and Products Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Avenue, 500, 13083-852, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meuris G. C. da Silva
- Department of Processes and Products Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Avenue, 500, 13083-852, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Melissa G. A. Vieira
- Department of Processes and Products Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Avenue, 500, 13083-852, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Wang YS, Tong ZH, Wang LF, Sheng GP, Yu HQ. Effective flocculation of Microcystis aeruginosa with simultaneous nutrient precipitation from hydrolyzed human urine. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:472-478. [PMID: 29156332 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical harvest of massive harmful algal blooms is an effective measure for bloom mitigation. Yet subsequent processing of the resulting water from algae water separation after the harvesting becomes a new problem since individual algal cells or small algal aggregates are still present in the water. Here, we proposed a novel approach for effectively flocculating the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa with a removal efficiency of 97% in 6 h using hydrolyzed urine. Nitrogen and phosphorus were simultaneously reclaimed through struvite formation. The addition of Mg2+ promoted the flocculation efficiency and nutrient removal as well as the yield of struvite. Ca2+ could enhance the flocculation efficiency by forming calcium phosphate. During the flocculation process, no significant damage in algal cells was observed. This study provides a novel and sustainable potential for subsequent processing of the resulting water after algae water separation with simultaneous nutrient precipitation and reducing nutrient loads to wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Shan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Tong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Long-Fei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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32
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Banaschik R, Jablonowski H, Bednarski PJ, Kolb JF. Degradation and intermediates of diclofenac as instructive example for decomposition of recalcitrant pharmaceuticals by hydroxyl radicals generated with pulsed corona plasma in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 342:651-660. [PMID: 28898862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seven recalcitrant pharmaceutical residues (diclofenac, 17α-ethinylestradiol, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, trimethoprim, diazepam, diatrizoate) were decomposed by pulsed corona plasma generated directly in water. The detailed degradation pathway was investigated for diclofenac and 21 intermediates could be identified in the degradation cascade. Hydroxyl radicals have been found primarily responsible for decomposition steps. By spin trap enhanced electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), OH-adducts and superoxide anion radical adducts were detected and could be distinguished applying BMPO as a spin trap. The increase of concentrations of adducts follows qualitatively the increase of hydrogen peroxide concentrations. Hydrogen peroxide is eventually consumed in Fenton-like processes but the concentration is continuously increasing to about 2mM for a plasma treatment of 70min. Degradation of diclofenac is inversely following hydrogen peroxide concentrations. No qualitative differences between byproducts formed during plasma treatment or due to degradation via Fenton-induced processes were observed. Findings on degradation kinetics of diclofenac provide an instructive understanding of decomposition rates for recalcitrant pharmaceuticals with respect to their chemical structure. Accordingly, conclusions can be drawn for further development and a first risk assessment of the method which can also be applied towards other AOPs that rely on the generation of hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Banaschik
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Helena Jablonowski
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Patrick J Bednarski
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juergen F Kolb
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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33
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Orhon KB, Orhon AK, Dilek FB, Yetis U. Triclosan removal from surface water by ozonation - Kinetics and by-products formation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 204:327-336. [PMID: 28910731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Removal of triclosan from surface water by ozonation was investigated. The results showed that complete elimination of triclosan from a surface water bearing 1-5 mg/L triclosan via continuous ozonation at 5 mg/L, require an ozonation time of 20-30 min depending on pH. Triclosan oxidation followed pseudo-first order kinetics with an apparent reaction rate constant varying from 0.214 min-1 to 0.964 min-1 depending on pH, initial triclosan concentration and water composition. Although the effect of pH was complex due to possible existence of different moieties, higher TCS removal efficiencies were obvious at weak-base conditions. Experiments performed to identify degradation by-products showed the formation of four by-products, namely, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorocatechol and two unidentified compounds. Additionally, 2,4-dichloroanisole was detected when a methyl moieties exist in water. By-products were found to be eliminated upon further ozonation. The required exposure time varied from 20 to 30 min depending on pH of water. The ozone demand exerted for the complete oxidation of triclosan and its by-products was calculated as 13.04 mg ozone per mg of triclosan. A triclosan degradation pathway, which was found to be highly pH dependent, was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal B Orhon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aybala Koc Orhon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz B Dilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ulku Yetis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ghasemian S, Nasuhoglu D, Omanovic S, Yargeau V. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical carbamazepine using Sb-doped Sn 80% -W 20% -oxide electrodes. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Ivanová L, Fáberová M, Mackuľak T, Grabic R, Bodík I. Estimation of amount of selected pharmaceuticals sorbed onto digested sludge from wastewater treatment plant Bratislava-Petržalka. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 155:31-35. [PMID: 28183039 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and antidepressants are among the most successful drugs used for human therapy. Their concentration in influent on WWTP is relative high and there can be removed by biodegradation or sorption. The aim of this study was to define the amounts of sorbed pharmaceuticals on digested sludge from WWTP Bratislava - Petržalka. The amounts of sorbed pharmaceuticals were calculated from knowing partition coefficients for selected pharmaceuticals and from analytically measured pharmaceutical´s concentrations in sludge liquor. From this calculation were estimated the one-year sorbed amount of pharmaceutical onto sludge from wastewater treatment plant Petržalka (26,066g/y for ciprofloxacin, 756g/y for azithromycin, 647g/y for clarithromycin, 445g/y for venlafaxine and 148g/y for citalopram).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ivanová
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Milota Fáberová
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Mackuľak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries & Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Bodík
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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36
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Huang P, Mukherji ST, Wu S, Muller J, Goel R. Fate of 17β-Estradiol as a model estrogen in source separated urine during integrated chemical P recovery and treatment using partial nitritation-anammox process. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 103:500-509. [PMID: 27566951 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research on source separation followed by the treatment of urine and/or resource recovery from human urine has shown promise as an emerging management strategy. Despite contributing only 1% of the total volume of wastewater, human urine contributes about 80% of the nitrogen, 70% of the potassium, and up to 50% of the total phosphorus in wastewater. It is also a known fact that many of the micropollutants, especially selected estrogens, get into municipal wastewater through urine excretion. In this research, we investigated the fate of 17β-estradiol (E2) as a model estrogen during struvite precipitation from synthetic urine followed by the treatment of urine using a partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) system. Single-stage and two-stage suspended growth PN/A configurations were used to remove the nitrogen in urine after struvite precipitation. The results showed an almost 95% phosphorous and 5% nitrogen recovery/removal from the synthetic urine due to struvite precipitation. The single and two stage PN/A processes were able to remove around 50% and 75% of ammonia and nitrogen present in the post struvite urine solution, respectively. After struvite precipitation, more than 95% of the E2 remained in solution and the transformation of E2 to E1 happened during urine storage. Most of the E2 removal that occurred during the PN/A process was due to sorption on the biomass and biodegradation (transformation of E2 to E1, and slow degradation of E1 to other metabolites). These results demonstrate that a combination of chemical and biological unit processes will be needed to recover and manage nutrients in source separated urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 South Campus Drive, MCE 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sachiyo T Mukherji
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 South Campus Drive, MCE 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 South Campus Drive, MCE 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - James Muller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ramesh Goel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 South Campus Drive, MCE 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Schröder P, Helmreich B, Škrbić B, Carballa M, Papa M, Pastore C, Emre Z, Oehmen A, Langenhoff A, Molinos M, Dvarioniene J, Huber C, Tsagarakis KP, Martinez-Lopez E, Pagano SM, Vogelsang C, Mascolo G. Status of hormones and painkillers in wastewater effluents across several European states-considerations for the EU watch list concerning estradiols and diclofenac. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12835-66. [PMID: 27023823 PMCID: PMC4912981 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Present technologies for wastewater treatment do not sufficiently address the increasing pollution situation of receiving water bodies, especially with the growing use of personal care products and pharmaceuticals (PPCP) in the private household and health sector. The relevance of addressing this problem of organic pollutants was taken into account by the Directive 2013/39/EU that introduced (i) the quality evaluation of aquatic compartments, (ii) the polluter pays principle, (iii) the need for innovative and affordable wastewater treatment technologies, and (iv) the identification of pollution causes including a list of principal compounds to be monitored. In addition, a watch list of 10 other substances was recently defined by Decision 2015/495 on March 20, 2015. This list contains, among several recalcitrant chemicals, the painkiller diclofenac and the hormones 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol. Although some modern approaches for their removal exist, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), retrofitting most wastewater treatment plants with AOPs will not be acceptable as consistent investment at reasonable operational cost. Additionally, by-product and transformation product formation has to be considered. The same is true for membrane-based technologies (nanofiltration, reversed osmosis) despite of the incredible progress that has been made during recent years, because these systems lead to higher operation costs (mainly due to higher energy consumption) so that the majority of communities will not easily accept them. Advanced technologies in wastewater treatment like membrane bioreactors (MBR) that integrate biological degradation of organic matter with membrane filtration have proven a more complete elimination of emerging pollutants in a rather cost- and labor-intensive technology. Still, most of the presently applied methods are incapable of removing critical compounds completely. In this opinion paper, the state of the art of European WWTPs is reflected, and capacities of single methods are described. Furthermore, the need for analytical standards, risk assessment, and economic planning is stressed. The survey results in the conclusion that combinations of different conventional and advanced technologies including biological and plant-based strategies seem to be most promising to solve the burning problem of polluting our environment with hazardous emerging xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schröder
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions (EGEN), German Research Center for Health and Environment GmbH, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - B Helmreich
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - B Škrbić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - M Carballa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Papa
- Department of Civil Environmental Architectural Engineering & Mathematics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Pastore
- CNR-Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Bari, Italy
| | - Z Emre
- Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Oehmen
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Caparica, Portugal
| | - A Langenhoff
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University of Agrotechnology & Food Sciences, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Molinos
- University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - C Huber
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions (EGEN), German Research Center for Health and Environment GmbH, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K P Tsagarakis
- Business and Environmental Economics Technology Lab (BETECO), Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
| | | | | | - C Vogelsang
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - G Mascolo
- CNR-Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Bari, Italy
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Cesaro A, Belgiorno V. Removal of Endocrine Disruptors from Urban Wastewater by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1874070701610010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last years the growing presence of endocrine disrupting compounds in the environment has been regarded as a serious sanitary issue. The more and more frequent detection of these compounds in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants poses the risk associated to their persistence into the aquatic systems as well as to their adverse effects on both public health and environment.
As conventional systems do not allow their efficient removal, great attention has been raised towards their possible treatment by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). They rely on the action of hydroxyl radicals, which are highly reactive species, able to oxidize recalcitrant and non-biodegradable pollutants.
AOPs can either provide contaminant partial degradation or their complete removal. As their effectiveness has been proved for a wide spectrum of both organic and inorganic pollutants, they are considered a suitable option for the treatment of contaminated aqueous media, especially when combined with conventional biological processes.
This paper aims at reviewing main AOPs for the removal of endocrine disruptors, in order to highlight the most important features of different technologies, thus providing their comparative assessment. To this end, a brief overview of the most frequently detected endocrine disruptor compounds was also discussed, in order to clarify their fate into the environment as well as the contamination pathways of greatest concern for human health.
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Mackuľak T, Birošová L, Bodík I, Grabic R, Takáčová A, Smolinská M, Hanusová A, Híveš J, Gál M. Zerovalent iron and iron(VI): Effective means for the removal of psychoactive pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs from wastewaters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 539:420-426. [PMID: 26376114 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the analysis of 27 selected psychoactive compounds found in the wastewater of the largest suburb in the eastern part of Central Europe Bratislava—Petržalka, Slovakia. Thirteen of them (MDMA, methamphetamine, amphetamine, THC-COOH, benzoylecgonine, codeine, tramadol, venlafaxine, oxazepam, citalopram, methadone, EDDP, cocaine) were found in concentrations above 30 ng/L. These compoundswere selected for further monitoring. The possibility of complete degradation of these 13 substances by zerovalent iron and iron(VI) was studied in thewastewater from the Petržalka treatment plant. During the week the concentration of themajority of the studied compounds inwastewaterwas stable. Concentrations of MDMA, cocaine, tramadol, and oxazepam reached significantly higher levels during the weekend.Only about 10% removal efficiency for tramadol, venlafaxine, oxazepam, MDMA, citalopram, methadone, and EDDP was observed at the treatment plant. In contrast, methamphetamine, amphetamine, and codeine were removed with 68%, 83%, and 53% efficiency, respectively. The degradation of synthetic drugs (methamphetamine, cocaine, MDMA) in wastewater is limited, while cannabis (of natural biological origin) is degradedwith efficiency greater than 90%. After utilization of the Fenton reaction, its modification, and use of ferrate(VI), a high efficiency of eliminating all of these substances to values below the limit of detection was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Mackuľak
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Lucia Birošová
- Institute of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Bodík
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 01 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Alžbeta Takáčová
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Smolinská
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Hanusová
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 11, 810 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Híveš
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Gál
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Lindholm-Lehto PC, Ahkola HSJ, Knuutinen JS, Herve SH. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater, in the recipient water, and sedimented particles of northern Lake Päijänne. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17209-23. [PMID: 26139400 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The presence of five different pharmaceuticals, consisting of four anti-inflammatory and one antiepileptic drug, was determined in influent and effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) near the city of Jyväskylä, Finland, and in the receiving water, northern Lake Päijänne. In addition, samples of sedimented particles were collected among water samples from five locations near the discharge point of the treated wastewater. The solid phase extracts (SPEs) of water samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The studied pharmaceuticals were detected from influent, effluent, and lake water but also in the sedimented particles. The concentrations of carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen in Lake Päijänne ranged from 1 to 21 ng L(-1), 4 to 209 ng L(-1), 5 to 836 ng L(-1), 9 to 952 ng L(-1), and 2 to 129 ng L(-1), respectively. The concentrations of ketoprofen in sedimented particles ranged from 79 to 135 μg g(-1) while only trace amounts of other selected pharmaceuticals were detected. The results indicate that the concentrations of pharmaceuticals are affected by the biological and chemical reactions occurring in the wastewater treatment processes but also by the UV light in the photic layer of Lake Päijänne. It can be concluded that considerable amount of selected pharmaceuticals are present in the influent and effluent of municipal WWTP but also in the water phase and sedimented particles of northern Lake Päijänne.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi S J Ahkola
- Laboratory Centre, Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Survontie 9A, FI-40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha S Knuutinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sirpa H Herve
- Laboratory Centre, Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Survontie 9A, FI-40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Voulvoulis N, Barceló D, Verlicchi P. Pharmaceutical Residues in Sewage Treatment Works and their Fate in the Receiving Environment. PHARMACEUTICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622345-00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are increasingly used in large amounts in human (and veterinary) medicine around the world. They reach the aquatic environment mainly through sewage treatment systems and can reach μg l−1 levels. The continual input of pharmaceuticals to the aquatic environment, via sewage, can also impart a persistent quality to compounds that otherwise possess no inherent environmental stability. While the literature contains increasing numbers of studies detailing fate, effects and behaviour in the environment, the subject is still not fully understood for all the different therapeutic classes. The toxicological significance for non-target (especially aquatic) organisms is poorly understood. The use/release of antibiotics and natural/synthetic steroids to the environment has generated most of the concern to date, but a plethora of other drugs are increasingly attracting attention, as their biological activity alone may support ecotoxicity assessments of those compounds with high production volumes (or toxicity), especially in view of the increasing importance of freshwater resources. Pharmaceuticals display a variety of removal efficiencies during wastewater treatment and their fate and behaviour are not determined by their physicochemical properties alone. Despite the fact that many drugs have high sorption potentials, partitioning to the solid phase was determined to be an unlikely removal pathway for the majority of compounds. The partitioning behaviour of these compounds both in sewage treatment and the aquatic environment is likely to be dictated by a number of physicochemical parameters. Findings also indicate that the costs of using tertiary treatment options (mainly based on drinking water treatment) to remove drugs from wastewater effluent are likely to be prohibitively expensive, and potentially undesirable, due sustainability implications. While adjusting existing treatment parameters may increase the removal efficiencies of pharmaceuticals, any changes to sewage treatment parameters would need to be offset against the economic and environmental costs. Likewise, any regulations on drug use must be balanced against health benefits. If receiving waters are used for potable supplies, the presence of these compounds may (although it is unlikely) represent a potential hazard to human health, especially in areas without advanced water treatment. The focus for future research should therefore be on proper and sufficient science for establishing the occurrence, exposure and effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment, so that sound decisions can be made regarding human and ecological health.
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42
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Qi W, Singer H, Berg M, Müller B, Pernet-Coudrier B, Liu H, Qu J. Elimination of polar micropollutants and anthropogenic markers by wastewater treatment in Beijing, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:1054-1061. [PMID: 25305554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic contamination of surface waters in Asia is on the increase. While polar organic contaminants are gradually recognized for their impacts on aquatic ecosystems in the Western World, less is known about the situation in Asia. In developing countries like China, water resources are particularly vulnerable. We investigated the occurrence, elimination, and per capita loads of a wide range of pharmaceuticals, household chemicals and pesticides in five Beijing WWTPs representative for megacities in China, and compare the efficiency of different treatment processes. Based on initial screening for 268 micropollutants using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 33 compounds were examined in detail. Pollutant concentrations in raw wastewater ranged from <0.02 μg L(-1) for pesticides to >20 μg L(-1) for caffeine and the contrast agent iopromide. Concentrations in the WWTP effluents were generally <1 μg L(-1), except for some pharmaceuticals, iopromide (1.2-18 μg L(-1)), caffeine (0.025-2.3 μg L(-1)), and the artificial sweetener sucralose (2.7-3.5 μg L(-1)). Elimination efficiencies varied greatly from <1% to close to 100%, with macrolides, some sulfonamides, metronidazole, iopromide, and 4-acetamidoantipyrine being the most persistent compounds. Total per capita loads of the investigated micropollutants were lower than in communal wastewater of Europe, amounting to 7.9-12.2 and 2.0-6.5 g d(-1)1000 inhabitants(-1) in the influents and effluents, respectively, with an average release of ∼100 kg d(-1) by the 11.4 million people and 2.3 million m(3) of wastewater treated per day. Since the wastewater effluents are often used for agricultural irrigation, residual organic pollutants pose a threat to food safety, the development of antibacterial resistance, and combined effects of micropollutants in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Heinz Singer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Beat Müller
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Pernet-Coudrier
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Gillard N, Detry B, Robert C, Nonet S, Samou Y, Moise E, Bauwens F, Delahaut P. Detection of pharmaceutical products in untreated hospital wastewater. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2012.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Gillard
- Health Department, CER Groupe, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie, Belgium
| | - B. Detry
- Health Department, CER Groupe, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie, Belgium
| | - C. Robert
- Health Department, CER Groupe, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie, Belgium
| | - S. Nonet
- CEBEDEAU, Chemin des Chevreuils B3, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Y. Samou
- CEBEDEAU, Chemin des Chevreuils B3, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - E. Moise
- CELABOR, Z.I. de Petit-Rechain, Avenue du Parc 38, 4650 Herve, Belgium
| | - F. Bauwens
- CELABOR, Z.I. de Petit-Rechain, Avenue du Parc 38, 4650 Herve, Belgium
| | - P. Delahaut
- Health Department, CER Groupe, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie, Belgium
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Mohd Amin M, Heijman S, Rietveld L. The potential use of polymer flocculants for pharmaceuticals removal in wastewater treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21622515.2014.966784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Spångberg J, Tidåker P, Jönsson H. Environmental impact of recycling nutrients in human excreta to agriculture compared with enhanced wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 493:209-219. [PMID: 24946033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Human excreta are potential sources of plant nutrients, but are today usually considered a waste to be disposed of. The requirements on wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to remove nitrogen and phosphorus are increasing and to meet these requirements, more energy and chemicals are needed by WWTPs. Separating the nutrient-rich wastewater fractions at source and recycling them to agriculture as fertiliser is an alternative to removing them at the WWTP. This study used life cycle assessment methodology to compare the environmental impact of different scenarios for recycling the nutrients in the human excreta as fertiliser to arable land or removing them in an advanced WWTP. Three scenarios were assessed. In blackwater scenario, blackwater was source-separated and used as fertiliser. In urine scenario, the urine fraction was source-separated and used as fertiliser and the faecal water treated in an advanced WWTP. In NP scenario, chemical fertiliser was used as fertiliser and the toilet water treated in an advanced WWTP. The emissions from the WWTP were the same for all scenarios. This was fulfilled by the enhanced reduction in the WWTP fully removing the nutrients from the excreta that were not source-separated in the NP and urine scenarios. Recycling source-separated wastewater fractions as fertilisers in agriculture proved efficient for conserving energy and decreasing global warming potential (GWP). However, the blackwater and urine scenarios had a higher impact on potential eutrophication and potential acidification than the WWTP-chemical fertiliser scenario, due to large impacts by the ammonia emitted from storage and after spreading of the fertilisers. The cadmium input to the arable soil was very small with urine fertiliser. Source separation and recycling of excreta fractions as fertiliser thus has potential for saving energy and decreasing GWP emissions associated with wastewater management. However, for improved sustainability, the emissions from storage and after spreading of these fertilisers must decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Spångberg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Tidåker
- Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 7033, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Jönsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Barndõk H, Cortijo L, Hermosilla D, Negro C, Blanco A. Removal of 1,4-dioxane from industrial wastewaters: routes of decomposition under different operational conditions to determine the ozone oxidation capacity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 280:340-347. [PMID: 25179106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper denotes the importance of operational parameters for the feasibility of ozone (O3) oxidation for the treatment of wastewaters containing 1,4-dioxane. Results show that O3 process, which has formerly been considered insufficient as a sole treatment for such wastewaters, could be a viable treatment for the degradation of 1,4-dioxane at the adequate operation conditions. The treatment of both synthetic solution of 1,4-dioxane and industrial wastewaters, containing 1,4-dioxane and 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (MDO), showed that about 90% of chemical oxygen demand can be removed and almost a total removal of 1,4-dioxane and MDO is reached by O3 at optimal process conditions. Data from on-line Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides a good insight to its different decomposition routes that eventually determine the viability of degrading this toxic and hazardous compound from industrial waters. The degradation at pH>9 occurs faster through the formation of ethylene glycol as a primary intermediate; whereas the decomposition in acidic conditions (pH<5.7) consists in the formation and slower degradation of ethylene glycol diformate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Barndõk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Cortijo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daphne Hermosilla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Negro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angeles Blanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Polyelectrolytes ability in reducing atrazine concentration in water: surface effects. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:162157. [PMID: 25197693 PMCID: PMC4150508 DOI: 10.1155/2014/162157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on the direct ability of two positively charged organic polyelectrolytes (natural-based and synthetic) to reduce the atrazine concentration in water. The adsorption study was set up using multiple glass vessels with different polymer dosing levels followed by ultrafiltration with a 1 kDa membrane. The addition of polymers exhibited a capability in reducing the atrazine concentration up to a maximum of 60% in surface-to-volume ratio experiments. In the beginning, the theoretical L-type of the isotherm of Giles' classification was expected with an increase in the dosage of the polymer. However, in this study, the conventional type of isotherm was not observed. It was found that the adsorption of the cationic polymer on the negatively charged glass surface was necessary and influential for the removal of atrazine. Surface-to-volume ratio adsorption experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanisms and the polymer configuration. The glass surface area was determined to be a limiting parameter in the adsorption mechanism.
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48
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Cimetiere N, Soutrel I, Lemasle M, Laplanche A, Crocq A. Standard addition method for the determination of pharmaceutical residues in drinking water by SPE-LC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:3031-3041. [PMID: 24617062 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.800563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study of the occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical compounds in drinking or waste water processes has become very popular in recent years. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical tool often used to determine pharmaceutical residues at trace level in water. However, many steps may disrupt the analytical procedure and bias the results. A list of 27 environmentally relevant molecules, including various therapeutic classes and (cardiovascular, veterinary and human antibiotics, neuroleptics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones and other miscellaneous pharmaceutical compounds), was selected. In this work, a method was developed using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and solid-phase extraction to determine the concentration of the 27 targeted pharmaceutical compounds at the nanogram per litre level. The matrix effect was evaluated from water sampled at different treatment stages. Conventional methods with external calibration and internal standard correction were compared with the standard addition method (SAM). An accurate determination of pharmaceutical compounds in drinking water was obtained by the SAM associated with UPLC-MS/MS. The developed method was used to evaluate the occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical compounds in some drinking water treatment plants in the west of France.
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49
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Zhang J, Chang VWC, Giannis A, Wang JY. Removal of cytostatic drugs from aquatic environment: a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 445-446:281-98. [PMID: 23337605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cytostatic drugs have been widely used for chemotherapy for decades. However, many of them have been categorized as carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic compounds, triggering widespread concerns about their occupational exposure and ecotoxicological risks to the environment. This review focuses on trace presence, fate and ecotoxicity of various cytostatic compounds in the environment, with an emphasis on the major sources contributing to their environmental concentrations. Past records have documented findings mainly on hospital effluents though little effort has been directed to household discharges. There is also a lack in physico-chemical data for forecasting the chemodynamics of cytostatics in natural waters along with its human metabolites and environmental transformation products. In this light, obtaining comprehensive ecotoxicity data is becoming pressingly crucial to determine their actual impacts on the ecosystem. Literature review also reveals urinary excretion as a major contributor to various cytostatic residues appeared in the water cycle. As such, engaging urine source-separation as a part of control strategy holds a rosy prospect of addressing the "emerging" contamination issue. State-of-the-art treatment technologies should be incorporated to further remove cytostatic residues from the source-separating urine stream. The benefits, limitations and trends of development in this domain are covered for membrane bio-reactor, reverse/forward osmosis and advanced oxidation processes. Despite the respective seeming advantages of source separation and treatment technology, a combined strategy may cost-effectively prevent the cytostatic residues from seeping into the environment. However, the combination calls for further evaluation on the associated technological, social-economic and administrative issues at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Zhang
- Division of Environmental and Water Resources, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Upgrading of Wastewater Treatment Plants Through the Use of Unconventional Treatment Technologies: Removal of Lidocaine, Tramadol, Venlafaxine and Their Metabolites. WATER 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/w4030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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