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McEachran MC, Harvey JA, Mummah RO, Bletz MC, Teitelbaum CS, Rosenblatt E, Rudolph FJ, Arce F, Yin S, Prosser DJ, Mosher BA, Mullinax JM, DiRenzo GV, Couret J, Runge MC, Grant EHC, Cook JD. Reframing wildlife disease management problems with decision analysis. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14284. [PMID: 38785034 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Contemporary wildlife disease management is complex because managers need to respond to a wide range of stakeholders, multiple uncertainties, and difficult trade-offs that characterize the interconnected challenges of today. Despite general acknowledgment of these complexities, managing wildlife disease tends to be framed as a scientific problem, in which the major challenge is lack of knowledge. The complex and multifactorial process of decision-making is collapsed into a scientific endeavor to reduce uncertainty. As a result, contemporary decision-making may be oversimplified, rely on simple heuristics, and fail to account for the broader legal, social, and economic context in which the decisions are made. Concurrently, scientific research on wildlife disease may be distant from this decision context, resulting in information that may not be directly relevant to the pertinent management questions. We propose reframing wildlife disease management challenges as decision problems and addressing them with decision analytical tools to divide the complex problems into more cognitively manageable elements. In particular, structured decision-making has the potential to improve the quality, rigor, and transparency of decisions about wildlife disease in a variety of systems. Examples of management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, white-nose syndrome, avian influenza, and chytridiomycosis illustrate the most common impediments to decision-making, including competing objectives, risks, prediction uncertainty, and limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C McEachran
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johanna A Harvey
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Riley O Mummah
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Molly C Bletz
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claire S Teitelbaum
- Akima Systems Engineering, Herndon, Virginia, USA
- Contractor to Eastern Ecological Science Center at Patuxent Research Refuge, U.S. Geological Survey, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Elias Rosenblatt
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - F Javiera Rudolph
- Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, Pennsylvania State University, Center Valley, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fernando Arce
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Shenglai Yin
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Earth Observation and Modeling, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Diann J Prosser
- Eastern Ecological Science Center at Patuxent Research Refuge, U.S. Geological Survey, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Brittany A Mosher
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jennifer M Mullinax
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Graziella V DiRenzo
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Geological Survey, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jannelle Couret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michael C Runge
- Eastern Ecological Science Center at Patuxent Research Refuge, U.S. Geological Survey, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- Eastern Ecological Science Center at the S.O. Conte Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Turners Falls, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan D Cook
- Eastern Ecological Science Center at Patuxent Research Refuge, U.S. Geological Survey, Laurel, Maryland, USA
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Tuohy P, Cvitanovic C, Shellock RJ, Karcher DB, Duggan J, Cooke SJ. Considerations for Research Funders and Managers to Facilitate the Translation of Scientific Knowledge into Practice. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:668-682. [PMID: 38019304 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01895-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Research funders and managers can play a critical role in supporting the translation of knowledge into action by facilitating the brokering of knowledge and partnerships. We use semi-structured interviews with a research funding agency, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), to explore (i) ways that funders can facilitate knowledge brokering, the (ii) barriers to, and (iii) enablers for, facilitating knowledge brokering, and (iv) the individual skills and attributes for research program funders and managers to be effective brokers. Based on these findings, we generate three considerations for research funders elsewhere, in particular R4D funders, seeking to build capacity for knowledge brokering: (i) formalise the process and practice, (ii) develop shared language and understanding, and (iii) build individual competencies and capabilities. Our findings complement the existing literature with a context specific analysis of how research funders can facilitate knowledge brokering, and by identifying the barriers and enablers in doing so.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tuohy
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - C Cvitanovic
- School of Business, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - R J Shellock
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - D B Karcher
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - J Duggan
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australia National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - S J Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Larned ST, Snelder TH. Meeting the Growing Need for Land-Water System Modelling to Assess Land Management Actions. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:1-18. [PMID: 37845574 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Elevated contaminant levels and hydrological alterations resulting from land use are degrading aquatic ecosystems on a global scale. A range of land management actions may be used to reduce or prevent this degradation. To select among alternative management actions, decision makers require predictions of their effectiveness, their economic impacts, estimated uncertainty in the predictions, and estimated time lags between management actions and environmental responses. There are multiple methods for generating these predictions, but the most rigorous and transparent methods involve quantitative modelling. The challenge for modellers is two-fold. First, they must employ models that represent complex land-water systems, including the causal chains linking land use to contaminant loss and water use, catchment processes that alter contaminant loads and flow regimes, and ecological responses in aquatic environments. Second, they must ensure that these models meet the needs of endusers in terms of reliability, usefulness, feasibility and transparency. Integrated modelling using coupled models to represent the land-water system can meet both challenges and has advantages over alternative approaches. The need for integrated land-water system modelling is growing as the extent and intensity of human land use increases, and regulatory agencies seek more effective land management actions to counter the adverse effects. Here we present recommendations for modelling teams, to help them improve current practices and meet the growing need for land-water system models. The recommendations address several aspects of integrated modelling: (1) assembling modelling teams; (2) problem framing and conceptual modelling; (3) developing spatial frameworks; (4) integrating economic and biophysical models; (5) selecting and coupling models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Larned
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Gardiner NB, Gilbert N, Liggett D. Taming a 'fuzzy beast'? Stakeholder perspectives on Antarctic science-policy knowledge exchange practices in New Zealand. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294063. [PMID: 38011081 PMCID: PMC10681205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctic environmental change is accelerating with significant regional and global consequences making it critically important for Antarctic research knowledge to inform relevant policymaking forums. A key challenge is maximising the utility of evidence in decision-making, to which scholars have responded by shifting away from linear science-policy arrangements towards co-production alternatives. As an Antarctic Treaty Consultative Party (ATCP), New Zealand (NZ) is responsible for facilitating knowledge exchange (KE) among Antarctic science and policy actors at national and international levels. However, at present, we have few metrics for assessing the success of science-policy dialogues. Furthermore, studies on the Antarctic science-policy interface have so far primarily focused on the international perspective. This paper is the first to examine domestic stakeholder perspectives regarding Antarctic KE using NZ as a case study. We report on the findings of two workshops involving over 60 NZ Antarctic stakeholders in 2021 that aimed to explore the various elements of NZ's Antarctic science-policy interface and identify barriers or drivers for success, including future opportunities. Our results indicate that there is a desire to shift away from the current linear approach towards a more collaborative model. To achieve this, stakeholders share an understanding that KE practices need to become more equitable, inclusive and diverse, and that the policy community needs to play a more proactive and leading role. Described as a 'fuzzy beast', the NZ Antarctic science-policy interface is complex. This study contributes to our understanding of Antarctic KE practices by offering new guidance on several key elements that should be considered in any attempts to understand or improve future KE practices in NZ or within the domestic settings of other ATCPs interested in fostering science-policy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Blaize Gardiner
- Gateway Antarctica, Centre for Antarctic Studies and Research, School of Earth & Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Antarctica New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Neil Gilbert
- Gateway Antarctica, Centre for Antarctic Studies and Research, School of Earth & Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Antarctica New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Constantia Consulting Limited, Papanui, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Daniela Liggett
- Gateway Antarctica, Centre for Antarctic Studies and Research, School of Earth & Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Ngusie HS, Ahmed MH, Mengiste SA, Kebede MM, Shemsu S, Kanfie SG, Kassie SY, Kalayou MH, Gullslett MK. The effect of capacity building evidence-based medicine training on its implementation among healthcare professionals in Southwest Ethiopia: a controlled quasi-experimental outcome evaluation. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:172. [PMID: 37653419 PMCID: PMC10472735 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based medicine (EBM) bridges research and clinical practice to enhance medical knowledge and improve patient care. However, clinical decisions in many African countries don't base on the best available scientific evidence. Hence, this study aimed to determine the effect of training interventions on background knowledge and awareness of EBM sources, attitude, competence, and practice of EBM among healthcare professionals. METHOD We designed a controlled group quasi-experimental pre-post test study to evaluate the effect of capacity-building EBM training. A total of 192 healthcare professionals were recruited in the study (96 from the intervention and 96 from the control group). We used a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis to determine the effect of the training. Along the way, we used a fixed effect panel-data regression model to assess variables that could affect healthcare professionals' practice of EBM. The cut point to determine the significant effect of EBM training on healthcare professionals' background knowledge and awareness of EBM sources, attitude, and competence was at a P-value < 0.05. RESULT The DID estimator showed a significant net change of 8.0%, 17.1%, and 11.4% at P < 0.01 on attitude, competence, and practice of EBM, respectively, whereas no significant increment in the background knowledge and awareness of EBM sources. The fixed effect regression model showed that the attitude [OR = 2.288, 95% CI: (1.049, 4.989)], competence [OR = 4.174, 95% CI: 1.984, 8.780)], technical support [OR = 2.222, 95% CI: (1.043, 3.401)], and internet access [OR = 1.984, 95% CI: (1.073, 4.048)] were significantly affected EBM practice. CONCLUSION The capacity-building training improved attitude, competence, and EBM practice. Policymakers, government, and other concerned bodies recommended focusing on a well-designed training strategy to enhance the attitude, competence, and practice towards EBM among healthcare professionals. It was also recommended to enhance internet access and set mechanisms to provide technical support at health facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Setegn Ngusie
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
| | - Mohammadjud Hasen Ahmed
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Shuayib Shemsu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Shuma Gosha Kanfie
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Yitayih Kassie
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Hayelom Kalayou
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Blanco V, Luthe T, Bruley E, Grêt-Regamey A. Aligning social networks and co-designed visions to foster systemic innovation in the Alps. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2023; 23:102. [PMID: 37520901 PMCID: PMC10382410 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Mountain regions face substantial challenges and opportunities arising from global change. The capacity of mountain regions for (systemic) innovation will be determinant to the success of system transformations envisioned by social actors of mountain communities. By analysing the social networks of two regions in the Alps and relating them to desired future visions of sustainable regional development, we provide insights about innovative capacities in mountain regions and propose how to strengthen these capacities in order to support regional transformations. In particular, we analyse innovation systems' collaboration networks to evaluate the innovative capacity of communities, co-construct visions with mountain stakeholders, and assess innovation requirements to meet these visions. Accordingly, we propose changes to the collaboration networks for addressing regional innovation system (RIS) capacities to help achieve visions through systemic innovation. Our analysis furthers the understanding on the type and magnitude of regional innovation system changes required to more effectively address desired transformative visions in mountain regions. We close by discussing implications of our approach for the assessment of innovative capacity and the transformation of mountain regions. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10113-023-02099-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Blanco
- Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Science, Technology and Policy, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Luthe
- Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- The Oslo School of Architecture and Design, Oslo, Norway
| | - Enora Bruley
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Adrienne Grêt-Regamey
- Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Science, Technology and Policy, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kong ZH, Stringer LC, Paavola J. Knowledge exchange in the implementation of National Environmental Programmes (NEPs) in China: A complex picture. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288641. [PMID: 37440578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge is an intrinsic element of environmental management. Understanding what kinds of knowledge are needed and how to communicate them effectively is crucial for building environmental management capacity. Despite extensive research, knowledge and its exchange are commonly considered from the viewpoint of its creators and disseminators, rather than that of its recipients. This can lead to mismatches between supply of and demand for knowledge, and futile knowledge exchange that undermines the effectiveness of interventions. Research is needed that looks carefully at the contexts and consequences of such scenarios. Addressing this gap, we examine the implementation of National Environmental Programs (NEPs) in north-western China, drawing from interviews and questionnaires with scientists, grassroots implementers, and farmers and herders, to identify what and how knowledge has been exchanged and what their perspectives are about knowledge exchange with other actors. We ascertain the positive impacts of knowledge exchange during NEP implementation, as well as the consequences when it is lacking, by analysing the interfaces and interactions between actors, seeking explanation for successes and failures. We conclude that with changing socio-ecological systems, knowledge and its exchange also need to change accordingly, extending beyond the environmental domain to integrate local socioeconomic concerns. Such efforts are necessary to improve environmental management outcomes and advance sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hong Kong
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay C Stringer
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- York Environmental Sustainability Institute, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jouni Paavola
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
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Burger J, Gochfeld M, Giffen N, Brown KG, Cortes M, Ng K, Kosson DS. Comparing land cover and interior forests on contaminated land and the surrounding region: Oak Ridge Reservation as a case study. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37335075 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2223231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Pressure from expanding populations has resulted in a need for protection, reclamation, and restoration of damaged land to productive, beneficial health uses. The objective of this investigation was to 1) compare land cover on the Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) with the surrounding region, 2) select an indicator to evaluate ORR's protection of ecological resources, and 3) develop and implement a method to compare the amount of the indicator on ORR with the regions using National Land Cover Database (NLCD). Data demonstrated that ORR has a higher % of forests (deciduous, coniferous, mixed) than the 10 km and 30 km areas surrounding ORR, suggesting that obligations are being met to protect the ecology and environment. The findings also indicate that the interior forest at ORR is fragmented more than is the interior forest in the 30 km buffer zone, suggesting a need for DOE and managers of other lands to take into consideration the importance of intact interior forest when developing land or planning roads. The study describes the basis for specific ecological parameters such as interior forest that are important to consider when planning and executing remediation, restoration, and other management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Burger
- Division of Life Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP), Rutgers University and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Gochfeld
- Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP), Rutgers University and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Neil Giffen
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kevin G Brown
- Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP), Rutgers University and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Monica Cortes
- Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP), Rutgers University and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelly Ng
- Division of Life Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP), Rutgers University and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David S Kosson
- Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP), Rutgers University and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Cairney P, Boaz A, Oliver K. Translating evidence into policy and practice: what do we know already, and what would further research look like? BMJ Qual Saf 2023; 32:251-253. [PMID: 36948543 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2023-015911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cairney
- Division of History, Heritage, and Politics, University of Stirling Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Stirling, UK
| | - Annette Boaz
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy (Faculty of Public Health and Policy), LSHTM, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Oliver
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy (Faculty of Public Health and Policy), LSHTM, London, UK
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Groff DV, McDonough MacKenzie C, Pier JQ, Shaffer AB, Dietl GP. Knowing but not doing: Quantifying the research-implementation gap in conservation paleobiology. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1058992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Conservation paleobiology aims to provide a longer-term perspective on environmental problems to inform decisions about natural resource conservation. As such, conservation paleobiology research falls short when geohistorical data and insights do not inform conservation practice, contributing to the well-known idea that a “gap” exists between the production and use of science in the environmental realm. Our study quantified the extent of this research-implementation (or knowing-doing) gap through a systematic literature review and survey questionnaire. We determined whether empirical studies in conservation paleobiology with a link to conservation, management, or restoration documented the use of geohistorical data to implement some form of action or if there was a specific mention of how the geohistorical data could be used in theory. Results indicate that “applied” conservation paleobiology has a poor record of translating research into action. Tangible conservation impacts were evident in only 10.8% of studies. Over half of these studies included coauthors affiliated with a conservation organization. Among the studies coded as having a theoretical application, 25.2% specified how the geohistorical data could be implemented to enhance conservation, management, or restoration actions. All studies documenting action used geohistorical data from the geologically recent past where the species and habitats are familiar to those found today. Drawing insights from the bright spots we identified, we offer some practical suggestions to narrow the gap between knowing and doing in conservation paleobiology.
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Rowland JA, Walsh JC, Beitzel M, Brawata R, Brown D, Chalmers L, Evans L, Eyles K, Gibbs R, Grover S, Grundy S, Harris RMB, Haywood S, Hilton M, Hope G, Keaney B, Keatley M, Keith DA, Lawrence R, Lutz ML, MacDonald T, MacPhee E, McLean N, Powell S, Robledo‐Ruiz DA, Sato CF, Schroder M, Silvester E, Tolsma A, Western AW, Whinam J, White M, Wild A, Williams RJ, Wright G, Young W, Moore JL. Setting research priorities for effective management of a threatened ecosystem: Australian alpine and subalpine peatland. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Rowland
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Jessica C. Walsh
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Matthew Beitzel
- Conservation Research, Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate Canberra Australia
| | - Renee Brawata
- Conservation Research, Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate Canberra Australia
| | - Daniel Brown
- Eastern Victoria Office Bright Victoria Australia
| | - Linden Chalmers
- Biodiversity Planning and Policy, ACT Government Dickson Australia
| | - Lisa Evans
- Conservation Research, Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate Canberra Australia
| | - Kathryn Eyles
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, and the Environment Canberra Australia
| | - Rob Gibbs
- Australian Alps National Parks Co‐operative Management Program, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Parramatta New South Wales Australia
| | - Samantha Grover
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Shane Grundy
- International Mire Conservation Group (IMCG) Greifswald Germany
| | - Rebecca M. B. Harris
- School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Shayne Haywood
- West Gippsland Catchment Management Authority Traralgon Victoria Australia
| | - Mairi Hilton
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Geoffrey Hope
- College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Ben Keaney
- College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | | | - David A. Keith
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Hurstville New South Wales Australia
| | - Ruth Lawrence
- Department of Geography The University of Melbourne Carlton Victoria Australia
| | - Maiko L. Lutz
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth MacPhee
- Alpine Flora ‐ High Altitude Rehabilitation Consultant Tumut New South Wales Australia
| | - Nina McLean
- Conservation Research, Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate Canberra Australia
| | - Susan Powell
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, and the Environment Canberra Australia
| | | | - Chloe F. Sato
- ACT Government Canberra Australia
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Mel Schroder
- Southern Ranges Branch, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Jindabyne New South Wales Australia
| | - Ewen Silvester
- Research Centre for Applied Alpine Ecology (RCAAE), Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution (DEEE) La Trobe University Wodonga Australia
| | - Arn Tolsma
- Arthur Rylah Institute, Biodiversity Division, Environment and Climate Change, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew W. Western
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia
| | - Jennie Whinam
- School of Geography, Planning & Spatial Sciences University of Tasmania Sandy Bay Tasmania Australia
| | - Matthew White
- Biodiversity Conservation Division, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment Canberra Australia
| | - Anita Wild
- Wild Ecology Pty Ltd. Mount Nelson Tasmania Australia
| | - Richard J. Williams
- Charles Darwin University Faculty of Engineering Health Science and the Environment, Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Darwin Northwest Territories Australia
| | - Genevieve Wright
- NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Hurstville New South Wales Australia
| | - Wade Young
- Parks and Conservation Service, Environment and Planning Directorate Canberra Australia
| | - Joslin L. Moore
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
- Arthur Rylah Institute, Biodiversity Division, Environment and Climate Change, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning Heidelberg Victoria Australia
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Mason NWH, Kirk NA, Price RJ, Law R, Bowman R, Sprague RI. Science for social licence to arrest an ecosystem-transforming invasion. Biol Invasions 2023; 25:873-888. [PMID: 36439632 PMCID: PMC9676737 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The primary role for scientific information in addressing complex environmental problems, such as biological invasions, is generally assumed to be as a guide for management decisions. However, scientific information often plays a minor role in decision-making, with practitioners instead relying on professional experience and local knowledge. We explore alternative pathways by which scientific information could help reduce the spread and impacts of invasive species. Our study centred on attempts to understand the main motivations and constraints of three local governance bodies responsible for the management of invasive (wilding) conifer species in the southern South Island of New Zealand in achieving strategic and operational goals. We used a combination of workshop discussions, questionnaire responses and visits to field sites to elicit feedback from study participants. We applied a mixed inductive-deductive thematic analysis approach to derive themes from the feedback received. The three main themes identified were: (1) impacts of wilding conifers and goals for wilding conifer control, (2) barriers to achieving medium- and long-term goals, and (3) science needed to support wilding conifer control. Participants identified reversal and prevention of both instrumental (e.g. reduced water availability for agriculture) and intrinsic (e.g. loss of biodiversity and landscape values) impacts of wilding conifer invasions as primary motivators behind wilding conifer control. Barriers to achieving goals were overwhelmingly social, relating either to unwillingness of landowners to participate or poorly designed regulatory frameworks. Consequently, science needs related primarily to gaining social licence to remove wilding conifers from private land and for more appropriate regulations. Scientific information provided via spread and impacts forecasting models was viewed as a key source of scientific information in gaining social licence. International experience suggests that invasive species control programmes often face significant external social barriers. Thus, for many biological invasions, the primary role of science might be to achieve social licence and regulatory support for the long-term goals of invasive species control programmes and the management interventions required to achieve those goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard Law
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Richard Bowman
- New Zealand Wilding Conifer Group, 200 Tuam St, Christchurch Central City, Christchurch, 8011 New Zealand
| | - Rowan I. Sprague
- New Zealand Wilding Conifer Group, 200 Tuam St, Christchurch Central City, Christchurch, 8011 New Zealand
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13
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Ferré M, Martin-Ortega J, Di Gregorio M, Dallimer M. How do information flows affect impact from environmental research? - An analysis of a science-policy network. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115828. [PMID: 35977434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of the impact arising from environmental research is increasingly demanded. Exchanges between science providers and actors that use scientific knowledge to address environmental problems are recognized as a key component of the mechanisms through which impact occurs. Yet, the role of interactions between science and policy actors in delivering and shaping research impact is not well established. We aim to better understand how transfer of science in a science-policy network generates impact. Our approach relies on an exploratory social network analysis (SNA), applied to a network of organisations working on land and water management in a catchment in the UK. We analyse flows of scientific information across these organisations and how those contribute to impact, which we conceptualized as change in organisations at three levels: increased awareness, operational change and strategic change. We find that organisations occupying central positions in the network facilitate the transfer of science and influence the level of change achieved. We also find that the effectiveness of the flows of information and impact delivery depends on boundary organisations, in particular public regulatory bodies, that connect agents with others. Moreover, intended change reported by science providers does not often transform directly into change as reported by the receivers of the information. We conclude that both exchanges between researchers and research users and the role of boundary organisations are key to impact delivery and making change possible. This is valuable for understanding where improvements to information flows between organisations might enhance impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ferré
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; UMR Innovation, French Agricultural Research Center for International Development (Cirad), Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Julia Martin-Ortega
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Monica Di Gregorio
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Martin Dallimer
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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14
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Manny L, Angst M, Rieckermann J, Fischer M. Socio-technical networks of infrastructure management: Network concepts and motifs for studying digitalization, decentralization, and integrated management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115596. [PMID: 35949081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Networked infrastructure systems - including energy, transportation, water, and wastewater systems - provide essential services to society. Globally, these services are undergoing major transformative processes such as digitalization, decentralization, or integrated management. Such processes not only depend on technical changes in infrastructure systems but also include important social and socio-technical dimensions. In this article, we propose a socio-technical network perspective to study the ensemble of social actors and technical elements involved in an infrastructure system, and their complex relations. We conceptualize structurally explicit socio-technical networks of networked infrastructure systems based on methodological considerations from network analysis and draw on concepts from socio-technical system theories and social-ecological network studies. Based on these considerations, we suggest analytical methods to study basic network concepts such as density, reciprocity, and centrality in a socio-technical network. We illustrate socio-technical motifs, i.e., meaningful sub-structures in socio-technical networks of infrastructure management. Drawing on these, we describe how infrastructure systems can be analyzed in terms of digitalization, decentralization, and integrated management from a socio-technical network perspective. Using the example of urban wastewater systems, we illustrate an empirical application of our approach. The results of an empirical case study in Switzerland demonstrate the potential of socio-technical networks to promote a deeper understanding of complex socio-technical relations in networked infrastructure systems. We contend that such a deeper understanding could improve management practices of infrastructure systems and is becoming even more important for enabling future data-driven, decentralized, and more integrated infrastructure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Manny
- Institute of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Mario Angst
- Digital Society Initiative, Universität Zürich, Rämistrasse 69, 8001, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Rieckermann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Fischer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Political Science, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Muhl EK, Armitage D, Silver J, Swerdfager T, Thorpe H. Indicators are Relational: Navigating Knowledge and Power in the Development and Implementation of Coastal-Marine Indicators. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 70:448-463. [PMID: 35616655 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In many environment and resource management contexts (e.g., integrated coastal management, ecosystem-based fisheries management), indicator selection and development are perceived as a largely technical, bureaucratic, and scientific challenge. As such, choices about indicators and their application are often treated as external from everyday politics and dynamics of social power. Our aim here is to highlight the value of a relational perspective that weaves power and knowledge together in the context of indicator development and implementation. We highlight four critical dimensions of this relational perspective that may lead to better indicator process outcomes: 1) centering identity and positionality to reflect power differentials; 2) emphasizing the importance of indicator 'fit' and the politics of scale; 3) engaging rather than erasing social-ecological complexity; and 4) reflecting on social norms and relationships to foster adaptation and learning. These four dimensions are rarely considered in most indicator initiatives, including those that are more participatory in design and implementation. The dimensions we outline here emerge from the grounded experience of managers and practitioners, including indicator processes in which we are currently engaged, as well as a scoping review of the literature on indicators for coastal and marine governance and conservation specifically. However, the four dimensions and relational focus are relevant to a wide range of resource and environmental management contexts and provide a pathway to catalyze more effective indicator processes for decision-making and governance more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Muhl
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - D Armitage
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - J Silver
- Department of Geography, Environment & Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - T Swerdfager
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - H Thorpe
- Parks Canada, Revelstoke, BC, Canada
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16
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Stevens M, Norris DR. A mixed methodology for evaluating use of evidence in conservation planning. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13876. [PMID: 34907584 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conservation practitioners widely recognize the importance of making decisions based on the best available evidence. However, the effectiveness of evidence use in conservation planning is rarely assessed, which limits opportunities to improve evidence-based practice. We devised a mixed methodology for empirically evaluating use of evidence that applies social science tools to systematically appraise what kinds of evidence are used in conservation planning, to what effect, and under what limitations. We applied our approach in a case study of the Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC), a leading land conservation organization. We conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of 65 NCC planning documents (n = 13 in-depth) to identify patterns in evidence use, and surveyed 35 conservation planners to examine experiences of and barriers to using evidence. Although claims in plans contained a wide range of evidence types, 26% of claims were not referenced or associated with an identifiable source. Lack of evidence use was particularly apparent in claims associated with direct threats, particularly those identified as low (71% coded as insufficient or lacking evidence) or medium (45%) threats. Survey participants described relying heavily on practitioner experience and highlighted capacity limitations and disciplinary gaps in expertise among planning teams as barriers to using evidence effectively. We found that although time-intensive, this approach yielded actionable recommendations for improving evidence use in NCC conservation plans. Similar mixed-method assessments may streamline the process by including interviews and refining the document analysis frames to target issues or sections of concern. We suggest our method provides an accessible and robust point of departure for conservation practitioners to evaluate whether the use of conservation planning reflects in-house standards and more broadly recognized best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Stevens
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D Ryan Norris
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Dickey-Collas M, Link JS, Snelgrove P, Roberts JM, Anderson MR, Kenchington E, Bundy A, Peg Brady MM, Shuford RL, Townsend H, Rindorf A, Rudd MA, Johnson D, Johannesen E. Exploring ecosystem-based management in the North Atlantic. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:342-350. [PMID: 35841280 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The United States, the EU and Canada established a trilateral working group on the ecosystem approach to ocean health and stressors under the Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance. Recognizing the Atlantic Ocean as a shared resource and responsibility, the working group sought to advance understanding of the Atlantic Ocean and its dynamic systems to improve ocean health, enhance ocean stewardship and promote the sustainable use and management of its resources. This included consideration of multiple ocean-use sectors such as fishing, shipping, tourism and offshore energy. The working group met for 4 years and worked through eight steps that covered the development of common language as a basis for collaboration, challenges of stakeholder engagement, review of the governance mandates, exploring the links between sectors and ecosystems effects, identifying gaps in knowledge and uptake of science, identification of tools for ecosystem-based management, customary best practice for tool development and communication of key research priorities. The key findings were that ecosystem-based management enables new benefits and opportunities, and that we need to make the business case. Further findings were that adequate mandates and effective tools exist for ecosystem-based management, and that ecosystem-based management urgently requires integration of human dimensions, so we must diversify the conversation. In addition, it was found that stakeholders do not see their stake in ecosystem-based management, so greater engagement with stakeholders and targeting of ocean literacy is required and a sustainable future requires a sustained investment in ecosystem-based management, so long-term commitment is key.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dickey-Collas
- International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jason S Link
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Paul Snelgrove
- Department of Ocean Sciences and Biology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - J Murray Roberts
- Changing Oceans Research Group, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Robin Anderson
- Formerly Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St John's, Canada
| | - Ellen Kenchington
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Canada
| | - Alida Bundy
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Canada
| | - Margaret M Peg Brady
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca L Shuford
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Howard Townsend
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology, Cooperative Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD, USA
| | - Anna Rindorf
- National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ellen Johannesen
- International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Karcher DB, Cvitanovic C, van Putten IE, Colvin RM, Armitage D, Aswani S, Ballesteros M, Ban NC, Barragán-Paladines MJ, Bednarek A, Bell JD, Brooks CM, Daw TM, de la Cruz-Modino R, Francis TB, Fulton EA, Hobday AJ, Holcer D, Hudson C, Jennerjahn TC, Kinney A, Knol-Kauffman M, Löf MF, Lopes PFM, Mackelworth PC, McQuatters-Gollop A, Muhl EK, Neihapi P, Pascual-Fernández JJ, Posner SM, Runhaar H, Sainsbury K, Sander G, Steenbergen DJ, Tuda PM, Whiteman E, Zhang J. Lessons from bright-spots for advancing knowledge exchange at the interface of marine science and policy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 314:114994. [PMID: 35452885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence-informed decision-making is in increasing demand given growing pressures on marine environments. A way to facilitate this is by knowledge exchange among marine scientists and decision-makers. While many barriers are reported in the literature, there are also examples whereby research has successfully informed marine decision-making (i.e., 'bright-spots'). Here, we identify and analyze 25 bright-spots from a wide range of marine fields, contexts, and locations to provide insights into how to improve knowledge exchange at the interface of marine science and policy. Through qualitative surveys we investigate what initiated the bright-spots, their goals, and approaches to knowledge exchange. We also seek to identify what outcomes/impacts have been achieved, the enablers of success, and what lessons can be learnt to guide future knowledge exchange efforts. Results show that a diversity of approaches were used for knowledge exchange, from consultative engagement to genuine knowledge co-production. We show that diverse successes at the interface of marine science and policy are achievable and include impacts on policy, people, and governance. Such successes were enabled by factors related to the actors, processes, support, context, and timing. For example, the importance of involving diverse actors and managing positive relationships is a key lesson for success. However, enabling routine success will require: 1) transforming the ways in which we train scientists to include a greater focus on interpersonal skills, 2) institutionalizing and supporting knowledge exchange activities in organizational agendas, 3) conceptualizing and implementing broader research impact metrics, and 4) transforming funding mechanisms to focus on need-based interventions, impact planning, and an acknowledgement of the required time and effort that underpin knowledge exchange activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Karcher
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Christopher Cvitanovic
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ingrid E van Putten
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Colvin
- Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, ACT, Australia
| | - Derek Armitage
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shankar Aswani
- Department of Anthropology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science (DIFS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Marta Ballesteros
- Fisheries Socioeconomic Department, Centro Tecnológico del Mar- Fundación CETMAR, Vigo, Spain
| | - Natalie C Ban
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | | | - Angela Bednarek
- Evidence Project, Research and Science, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Johann D Bell
- Center for Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA; Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Cassandra M Brooks
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Tim M Daw
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raquel de la Cruz-Modino
- Instituto de Investigación Social y Turismo, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Tessa B Francis
- Puget Sound Institute, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Fulton
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alistair J Hobday
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Draško Holcer
- Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, Croatia; Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Veli Lošinj, Croatia
| | - Charlotte Hudson
- Lenfest Ocean Program, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tim C Jennerjahn
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, Bremen, Germany; Faculty of Geoscience, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Strasse, Bremen, Germany
| | - Aimee Kinney
- Puget Sound Institute, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Maaike Knol-Kauffman
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marie F Löf
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Priscila F M Lopes
- Fishing Ecology, Management and Economics Group, Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Peter C Mackelworth
- Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Veli Lošinj, Croatia; Institute for Tourism, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Abigail McQuatters-Gollop
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Ella-Kari Muhl
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pita Neihapi
- Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - José J Pascual-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Social y Turismo, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Stephen M Posner
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Hens Runhaar
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht, CB 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Keith Sainsbury
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gunnar Sander
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), 0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dirk J Steenbergen
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul M Tuda
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Jialin Zhang
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, Bremen, Germany
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Fennell M, Beirne C, Burton AC. Use of object detection in camera trap image identification: Assessing a method to rapidly and accurately classify human and animal detections for research and application in recreation ecology. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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20
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Österblom H, Folke C, Rocha J, Bebbington J, Blasiak R, Jouffray JB, Selig ER, Wabnitz CCC, Bengtsson F, Crona B, Gupta R, Henriksson PJG, Johansson KA, Merrie A, Nakayama S, Crespo GO, Rockström J, Schultz L, Sobkowiak M, Jørgensen PS, Spijkers J, Troell M, Villarrubia-Gómez P, Lubchenco J. Scientific mobilization of keystone actors for biosphere stewardship. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3802. [PMID: 35246555 PMCID: PMC8897441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosphere crisis requires changes to existing business practices. We ask how corporations can become sustainability leaders, when constrained by multiple barriers to collaboration for biosphere stewardship. We describe how scientists motivated, inspired and engaged with ten of the world’s largest seafood companies, in a collaborative process aimed to enable science-based and systemic transformations (2015–2021). CEOs faced multiple industry crises in 2015 that incentivized novel approaches. New scientific insights, an invitation to collaborate, and a bold vision of transformative change towards ocean stewardship, created new opportunities and direction. Co-creation of solutions resulted in new knowledge and trust, a joint agenda for action, new capacities, international recognition, formalization of an organization, increased policy influence, time-bound goals, and convergence of corporate change. Independently funded scientists helped remove barriers to cooperation, provided means for reflection, and guided corporate strategies and actions toward ocean stewardship. By 2021, multiple individuals exercised leadership and the initiative had transitioned from preliminary and uncomfortable conversations, to a dynamic, operational organization, with capacity to perform global leadership in the seafood industry. Mobilizing transformational agency through learning, collaboration, and innovation represents a cultural evolution with potential to redirect and accelerate corporate action, to the benefit of business, people and the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Österblom
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. .,South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies, Maldonado, Uruguay. .,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Carl Folke
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Program, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Rocha
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies, Maldonado, Uruguay.,Future Earth, Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Bebbington
- Pentland Centre for Sustainability, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Robert Blasiak
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jean-Baptiste Jouffray
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Program, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth R Selig
- Stanford Centre for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Colette C C Wabnitz
- Stanford Centre for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Frida Bengtsson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Crona
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Program, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Radhika Gupta
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik J G Henriksson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden.,WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Karolin A Johansson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew Merrie
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shinnosuke Nakayama
- Stanford Centre for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Johan Rockström
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A31, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lisen Schultz
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Søgaard Jørgensen
- The Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Program, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Spijkers
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Troell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jane Lubchenco
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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21
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Crego RD, Stabach JA, Connette G. Implementation of species distribution models in Google Earth Engine. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro D. Crego
- Conservation Ecology Center Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
- Working Land and Seascapes Conservation CommonsSmithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Jared A. Stabach
- Conservation Ecology Center Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
| | - Grant Connette
- Conservation Ecology Center Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA
- Working Land and Seascapes Conservation CommonsSmithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
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22
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Nash KL, van Putten I, Alexander KA, Bettiol S, Cvitanovic C, Farmery AK, Flies EJ, Ison S, Kelly R, Mackay M, Murray L, Norris K, Robinson LM, Scott J, Ward D, Vince J. Oceans and society: feedbacks between ocean and human health. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2022. [PMID: 34366579 DOI: 10.22541/au.160166568.89566317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The concentration of human population along coastlines has far-reaching effects on ocean and societal health. The oceans provide benefits to humans such as food, coastal protection and improved mental well-being, but can also impact negatively via natural disasters. At the same time, humans influence ocean health, for example, via coastal development or through environmental stewardship. Given the strong feedbacks between ocean and human health there is a need to promote desirable interactions, while minimising undesirable interactions. To this end, we articulate two scenarios for 2030. First, Business-as-Usual, named 'Command and (out of) Control', focuses on the anticipated future based on our current trajectory. Second, a more sustainable scenario called 'Living and Connecting', emphasises the development of interactions between oceans and society consistent with achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. We describe a potential pathway to achieving the 'Living and Connecting' scenario, centred on improving marine citizenship, achieving a more equitable distribution of power among stakeholders, and more equitable access to resources and opportunities. The constituent actions of this pathway can be categorised into four groups: (i) improved approaches to science and health communication that account for society's diverse values, beliefs and worldviews, (ii) a shift towards more trusted relationships among stakeholders to enable two-way knowledge exchange, (iii) economic incentives that encourage behavioural changes necessary for achieving desired sustainability outcomes, and (iv) stronger regulations that simultaneously focus on ocean and human health. We contend that these changes will provide improved outcomes for both oceans and society over the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-021-09669-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Ingrid van Putten
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - Karen A Alexander
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Silvana Bettiol
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS 7000 Australia
| | - Christopher Cvitanovic
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anna K Farmery
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Emily J Flies
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Sierra Ison
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Mary Mackay
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - Linda Murray
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand
| | - Kimberley Norris
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Lucy M Robinson
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
- Oceans Graduate School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Jennifer Scott
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Delphi Ward
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Joanna Vince
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1340, Launceston, TAS 7250 Australia
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23
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Nash KL, van Putten I, Alexander KA, Bettiol S, Cvitanovic C, Farmery AK, Flies EJ, Ison S, Kelly R, Mackay M, Murray L, Norris K, Robinson LM, Scott J, Ward D, Vince J. Oceans and society: feedbacks between ocean and human health. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2022; 32:161-187. [PMID: 34366579 PMCID: PMC8335471 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-021-09669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The concentration of human population along coastlines has far-reaching effects on ocean and societal health. The oceans provide benefits to humans such as food, coastal protection and improved mental well-being, but can also impact negatively via natural disasters. At the same time, humans influence ocean health, for example, via coastal development or through environmental stewardship. Given the strong feedbacks between ocean and human health there is a need to promote desirable interactions, while minimising undesirable interactions. To this end, we articulate two scenarios for 2030. First, Business-as-Usual, named 'Command and (out of) Control', focuses on the anticipated future based on our current trajectory. Second, a more sustainable scenario called 'Living and Connecting', emphasises the development of interactions between oceans and society consistent with achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. We describe a potential pathway to achieving the 'Living and Connecting' scenario, centred on improving marine citizenship, achieving a more equitable distribution of power among stakeholders, and more equitable access to resources and opportunities. The constituent actions of this pathway can be categorised into four groups: (i) improved approaches to science and health communication that account for society's diverse values, beliefs and worldviews, (ii) a shift towards more trusted relationships among stakeholders to enable two-way knowledge exchange, (iii) economic incentives that encourage behavioural changes necessary for achieving desired sustainability outcomes, and (iv) stronger regulations that simultaneously focus on ocean and human health. We contend that these changes will provide improved outcomes for both oceans and society over the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-021-09669-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L. Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Ingrid van Putten
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - Karen A. Alexander
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Silvana Bettiol
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS 7000 Australia
| | - Christopher Cvitanovic
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anna K. Farmery
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Emily J. Flies
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Sierra Ison
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Mary Mackay
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - Linda Murray
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand
| | - Kimberley Norris
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Lucy M. Robinson
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
- Oceans Graduate School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Jennifer Scott
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Delphi Ward
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Joanna Vince
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1340, Launceston, TAS 7250 Australia
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Kadykalo AN, Buxton RT, Morrison P, Anderson CM, Bickerton H, Francis CM, Smith AC, Fahrig L. Bridging research and practice in conservation. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:1725-1737. [PMID: 33738830 PMCID: PMC9291548 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Calls for biodiversity conservation practice to be more evidence based are growing, and we agree evidence use in conservation practice needs improvement. However, evidence-based conservation will not be realized without improved access to evidence. In medicine, unlike in conservation, a well-established and well-funded layer of intermediary individuals and organizations engage with medical practitioners, synthesize primary research relevant to decision making, and make evidence easily accessible. These intermediaries prepare targeted evidence summaries and distribute them to practitioners faced with time-sensitive and value-laden decisions. To be effective, these intermediaries, who we refer to as evidence bridges, should identify research topics based on the priorities of practitioners; synthesize evidence; prepare and distribute easy-to-find and easy-to-use evidence summaries; and develop and maintain networks of connections with researchers and practitioners. Based on a review of the literature regarding evidence intermediaries in conservation and environmental management, as well as an anonymous questionnaire searching for such organizations, we found few intermediaries that met all these criteria. Few evidence bridges that do exist are unable to reach most conservation practitioners, which include resource managers in government and industry, conservation organizations, and farmers and other private landowners. We argue that the lack of evidence bridges from research to practitioners contributes to evidence complacency and limits the use of evidence in conservation action. Nevertheless, several existing organizations help reduce the gap between evidence and practice and could serve as a foundation for building additional components of evidence bridges in conservation. Although evidence bridges need expertise in research and evidence synthesis, they also require expertise in identifying and communicating with the community of practitioners most in need of clear and concise syntheses of evidence. Article Impact Statement: Evidence-based conservation will not be realized without improved access to evidence. We call for intermediary evidence bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Morrison
- EcoEcoAnalysisOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Natural Resource SciencesMcGill UniversitySainte‐Anne‐de‐BellevueQuebecCanada
| | | | | | - Charles M. Francis
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
- Canadian Wildlife ServiceEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Adam C. Smith
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
- Canadian Wildlife ServiceEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
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25
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Nguyen VM, Bell C, Berseth V, Cvitanovic C, Darwent R, Falconer M, Hutchen J, Kapoor T, Klenk N, Young N. Promises and pitfalls of digital knowledge exchange resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL PRACTICE RESEARCH 2021; 3:427-439. [PMID: 34849455 PMCID: PMC8613463 DOI: 10.1007/s42532-021-00097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we integrate our authorship experiences with insights from nine interviews of knowledge exchange practitioners at the Canadian Forest Service about challenges and opportunities of digital knowledge exchange (KE) brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to inform how best to maintain effective KE practices and processes in a digital-first world. Interpersonal trust and relationships are pivotal to effective knowledge exchange; thus, removing these dimensions risks losing aspects of social learning, informal and meaningful discussions, and personal connections that affect how we interpret and respond to subtle affective and social cues. For KE practitioners, lack of in-person interactions risks internal KE coordination and relevance of KE work, and diminished ability to predict and respond to user needs. However, the accelerated digital adoption has increased reach and accessibility for diverse people to exchange knowledge, and enables more frequent and rapid response to issues and events by virtually gathering diverse people almost instantly. The acceleration in digital innovation and culture has thus resulted in new tools and diversified approaches for the KE toolbox to inform decisions and practices. The long-term sustainability and effectiveness of digital KE depend on two interconnected factors: addressing the persistence of the digital divide and people's abilities to make and maintain meaningful social connections in the absence of regular face-to-face contact. We thus offer three considerations to guide KE efforts and initiative in a digital-first world: (1) consider both digital divide and equity; (2) revisit user needs and preferences for KE to address the diversity of users, and (3) leverage the diversification of KE approaches and innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M. Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S5B6 Canada
- Biology Department, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S5B6 Canada
| | - Christina Bell
- School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies, University of Ottawa, 120 University Private, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Valerie Berseth
- Biology Department, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S5B6 Canada
| | - Christopher Cvitanovic
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ray Darwent
- Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320-122nd Street, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5 Canada
| | - Matthew Falconer
- Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service, 580 Booth St, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Jenna Hutchen
- Biology Department, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S5B6 Canada
| | - Tyreen Kapoor
- Biology Department, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S5B6 Canada
| | - Nicole Klenk
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1065 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Nathan Young
- School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies, University of Ottawa, 120 University Private, Ottawa, Canada
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26
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The Role of Stakeholder Engagement in Developing New Technologies and Innovation for Nitrogen Reduction in Waters: A Longitudinal Study. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13223313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Better nitrogen management, technologies, and regulation are required to reduce nitrogen losses in the aquatic environment. New innovative technologies can support farmers in a more targeted planning of fertilizer application and crop management at the field level to increase the effect of measures when reducing nitrogen losses. However, if farmers do not perceive the need for such a concept, the demand (market pull) will be minimal, making the implementation of such a technology difficult. The lack of this market pull could, however, be counterbalanced by a market push from research or requirements from public sector stakeholders (regulators). Within this domain, the main objective of this paper was to study technological change over time and identify and understand the crucial stakeholder involvement using the Functions of Innovation Systems Approach. This article shows how stakeholders’ perceptions and participation evolved over a 10-year period. It examines the interplay between technology readiness and the perceived readiness and acceptance by affected stakeholders. We demonstrate how stakeholder engagement was crucial to ensure the development of the technologies by creating marketable options for their future implementation. A key dynamic that emerged in this process was the transition from a research push to a regulator pull. We demonstrate the fact that without the regulatory requirement linked to changes towards more targeting of measures, the technology would not, on its own, be a business case, although it would provide new knowledge, thus representing a gain for society. The specific findings can be used in countries where new technologies need to be developed, and where a link to the regulation can ensure the active use of the new technology and, therefore, make their implementation worthwhile.
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27
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Burt AJ, Nuno A, Bunbury N. Defining and bridging the barriers to more effective conservation of island ecosystems: A practitioner's perspective. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- April J. Burt
- Department of Plant Sciences Oxford University Oxford UK
- Seychelles Islands Foundation Mahé Seychelles
| | - Ana Nuno
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn UK
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences (CICS.NOVA) School of Social Sciences and Humanities (NOVA FCSH), NOVA University Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
| | - Nancy Bunbury
- Seychelles Islands Foundation Mahé Seychelles
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn UK
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28
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Arias M, Hinsley A, Milner‐Gulland EJ. Use of evidence for decision‐making by conservation practitioners in the illegal wildlife trade. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Arias
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Amy Hinsley
- WildCRU Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
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29
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Deloly C, Gall ARL, Moore G, Bretelle L, Milner J, Mohajeri N, Osrin D, Salvia G, Symonds P, Tsoulou I, Zimmermann N, Wilkinson P, Davies M. Relationship-building around a policy decision-support tool for urban health. BUILDINGS & CITIES 2021; 2:717-733. [PMID: 34704038 PMCID: PMC7611888 DOI: 10.5334/bc.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary challenges linked to public health and climate change demand more effective decision-making and urban planning practices, in particular by taking greater account of evidence. In order to do this, trust-building relationships between scientists and urban practitioners through collaborative research programmes is required. Based on a policy-relevant research project, Complex Urban Systems for Sustainability and Health (CUSSH), this project aims to support the transformation of cities to meet environmental imperatives and to improve health with a quantitative health impact assessment. A case study in Rennes, France, focuses on the role of a policy decision-support tool in the production and use of knowledge to support evidence-informed decision-making. Although the primary objective of informing decision-making through evidence-based science is not fulfilled, the use of a decision-making support tool can lay the foundations for relationship-building. It can serve as a support for boundary-spanning activities, which are recognised for their effectiveness in linking science to action. This case study illustrates that the path of knowledge transfer from science to policy can be challenging, and the usefulness of using models may not be where it was thought to have been.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Deloly
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health (EHESP), Rennes, France
| | - Anne Roué-Le Gall
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health (EHESP), Rennes, France; UMR CNRS Arènes, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Gemma Moore
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - James Milner
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
| | - Nahid Mohajeri
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy & Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Osrin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Salvia
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Phil Symonds
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Tsoulou
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nici Zimmermann
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health & Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
| | - Michael Davies
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, UK
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30
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Nyboer EA, Nguyen VM, Young N, Rytwinski T, Taylor JJ, Lane JF, Bennett JR, Harron N, Aitken SM, Auld G, Browne D, Jacob AI, Prior K, Smith PA, Smokorowski KE, Alexander S, Cooke SJ. Supporting Actionable Science for Environmental Policy: Advice for Funding Agencies From Decision Makers. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2021.693129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful incorporation of scientific knowledge into environmental policy and decisions is a significant challenge. Although studies on how to bridge the knowledge-action gap have proliferated over the last decade, few have investigated the roles, responsibilities, and opportunities for funding bodies to meet this challenge. In this study we present a set of criteria gleaned from interviews with experts across Canada that can be used by funding bodies to evaluate the potential for proposed research to produce actionable knowledge for environmental policy and practice. We also provide recommendations for how funding bodies can design funding calls and foster the skills required to bridge the knowledge-action gap. We interviewed 84 individuals with extensive experience as knowledge users at the science-policy interface who work for environmentally-focused federal and provincial/territorial government bodies and non-governmental organizations. Respondents were asked to describe elements of research proposals that indicate that the resulting research is likely to be useful in a policy context, and what advice they would give to funding bodies to increase the potential impact of sponsored research. Twenty-five individuals also completed a closed-ended survey that followed up on these questions. Research proposals that demonstrated (1) a team with diverse expertise and experience in co-production, (2) a flexible research plan that aligns timelines and spatial scale with policy needs, (3) a clear and demonstrable link to a policy issue, and (4) a detailed and diverse knowledge exchange plan for reaching relevant stakeholders were seen as more promising for producing actionable knowledge. Suggested changes to funding models to enhance utility of funded research included (1) using diverse expertise to adjudicate awards, (2) supporting co-production and interdisciplinary research through longer grant durations and integrated reward structures, and (3) following-up on and rewarding knowledge exchange by conducting impact evaluation. The set of recommendations presented here can guide both funding agencies and research teams who wish to change how applied environmental science is conducted and improve its connection to policy and practice.
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31
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Twardek WM, Nyboer EA, Tickner D, O'Connor CM, Lapointe NWR, Taylor MK, Gregory‐Eaves I, Smol JP, Reid AJ, Creed IF, Nguyen VM, Winegardner AK, Bergman JN, Taylor JJ, Rytwinski T, Martel AL, Drake DAR, Robinson SA, Marty J, Bennett JR, Cooke SJ. Mobilizing practitioners to support the Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William M. Twardek
- Canadian Centre for Evidence‐Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute for Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Nyboer
- Canadian Centre for Evidence‐Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute for Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John P. Smol
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab, Department of Biology Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Andrea J. Reid
- Indigenous Fisheries Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Irena F. Creed
- School of Environment and Sustainability University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Vivian M. Nguyen
- Canadian Centre for Evidence‐Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute for Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | | | - Jordanna N. Bergman
- Canadian Centre for Evidence‐Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute for Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Jessica J. Taylor
- Canadian Centre for Evidence‐Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute for Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Trina Rytwinski
- Canadian Centre for Evidence‐Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute for Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | | | - D. Andrew R. Drake
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Fisheries and Oceans Canada Burlington Ontario Canada
| | - Stacey A. Robinson
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Jerome Marty
- Council of Canadian Academies Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Joseph R. Bennett
- Canadian Centre for Evidence‐Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute for Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Canadian Centre for Evidence‐Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute for Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
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32
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Kadykalo AN, Cooke SJ, Young N. The role of western‐based scientific, Indigenous and local knowledge in wildlife management and conservation. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Kadykalo
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Nathan Young
- School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
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33
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Towards Mobilizing Knowledge for Effective Decision-Making in Parks and Protected Areas. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In November 2017, over 15,000 scientists issued a second letter to humanity that outlines how we are “jeopardizing our future” by failing to protect key ecological systems [...]
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Carney Almroth B, Asker N, Ašmonaitė G, Birgersson L, Book F, Lammel T, Sturve J. TEACHING PRACTICES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION RELATED TO CHEMICAL USAGE, THEIR HAZARDS AND RISKS. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:482-483. [PMID: 33570825 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bethanie Carney Almroth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Noomi Asker
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Giedrė Ašmonaitė
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lina Birgersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Frida Book
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tobias Lammel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Lemieux CJ, Halpenny EA, Swerdfager T, He M, Gould AJ, Carruthers Den Hoed D, Bueddefeld J, Hvenegaard GT, Joubert B, Rollins R. Free Fallin’? The decline in evidence-based decision-making by Canada’s protected areas managers. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The conservation of biodiversity requires various forms of evidence to ensure effective outcomes. In this study, we provide an updated assessment of the state of evidence-based decision-making in Canada’s protected areas organizations by examining practitioner perceptions of: ( i) the value and use of various forms of evidence, ( ii) the availability of evidence to support decisions, and ( iii) the extent to which various institutional and behavioural barriers influence the use of evidence. Our results compare national surveys conducted in 2019 and 2013, revealing a significant and concerning decline in the use of all forms of evidence. We found significant declines in the use of peer-reviewed literature, local knowledge, and Indigenous knowledge. Our results correspondingly demonstrate a host of systemic barriers to the effective use of evidence, including a lack of trust, how to deal with uncertainty, and limited training. These challenges persist at a time when the quantity of information is greater than ever, and recognition of the value of Indigenous knowledge is relatively high (and increasing). Leadership is required to cultivate more relevant evidence, to embed scientists and Indigenous Knowledge-Holders in conservation organizations, to (re)establishing knowledge sharing forums, and to establish accountability and reporting measures to support efforts aimed at effectively achieving Canada’s biodiversity conservation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Lemieux
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Halpenny
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Trevor Swerdfager
- School of Environment and Resource Studies, Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mu He
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - A. Joyce Gould
- Office of the Chief Scientist, Parks Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, Edmonton, AB T5J 5C6, Canada
| | - Don Carruthers Den Hoed
- University of British Columbia/Canadian Parks Collective for Innovation and Leadership (CPCIL), Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jill Bueddefeld
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Glen T. Hvenegaard
- Augustana Faculty and Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Brian Joubert
- Parks Operations Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, Edmonton, AB T5J 5C6, Canada
| | - Rick Rollins
- Recreation and Tourism, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada
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Salmoral G, Zegarra E, Vázquez-Rowe I, González F, Del Castillo L, Saravia GR, Graves A, Rey D, Knox JW. Water-related challenges in nexus governance for sustainable development: Insights from the city of Arequipa, Peru. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:141114. [PMID: 32771780 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peru has one of the fastest-growing economies in Latin America, but there are concerns regarding how long this can be sustained. Negative environmental impacts are increasing due to the pressures of a growing urban population and competition for natural resources. This study explores stakeholder perceptions linked to nexus governance in the context of integrated management of natural resources, particularly water, and the environmental, socio-economic and governance challenges constraining the achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our analysis focused on the urban and rural areas associated with the city of Arequipa, an economically dynamic region subject to extreme levels of water stress. Face-to-face interviews with key informants were conducted to identify mechanisms that have enhanced successful multi-sectoral collaboration, and to assess challenges in promoting sustainable economic development. A workshop prioritised the identified challenges and an online survey was then used to assess stakeholder interest in and influence over nexus governance of water with other natural resources. Stakeholder mapping revealed a complex network of actors involved in nexus governance, where successful collaboration could be promoted through formal and informal mechanisms, including exemplar policies and initiatives across sectors and actors. Shared visions between stakeholders were identified as well as contradictory priorities relating to the sustainable management of natural resources. A key finding that emerged was the need to promote adaptation in water and land management (SDG 6) due to perceived impacts of extreme climate events (SDG 13), urban population growth (SDG 11), and increased sectoral water demands. This situation in combination with poor governance and lack of planning has exposed the vulnerability of Arequipa water supply system to future shocks. Urgent action will be needed to raise stakeholder awareness, strengthen governance and enforcement, and agree on a collective vision for integrated land and water planning if the SDGs are to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Zegarra
- Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo, Avenida Almirante Grau 915, Barranco, Lima 15063, Peru
| | - Ian Vázquez-Rowe
- Peruvian Life Cycle Assessment Network (PELCAN), Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1801 Avenida Universitaria, San Miguel, Lima 15088, Peru
| | - Fernando González
- Department of Humanities, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1801 Avenida Universitaria, San Miguel, Lima 15088, Peru
| | | | - Giuliana Rondón Saravia
- Faculty of Process Engineering, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Avenida Independencia, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Anil Graves
- Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Dolores Rey
- Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Jerry W Knox
- Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
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Vimal R, Morgans C. Using knowledge mapping to rethink the gap between science and action. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:1433-1443. [PMID: 32506700 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Scholars have long stressed the need to bridge the gap between science and action and seek the most efficient use of knowledge for decision making. Many contributors have attempted to consider and understand the sociopolitical forces involved in knowledge generation and exchange. We argue, however, that a model is still needed to adequately conceptualize and frame the knowledge networks in which these processes are embedded. We devised a model for knowledge mapping as a prerequisite for knowledge management in the context of conservation. Using great ape conservation to frame our approach, we propose that knowledge mapping should be based on 2 key principles. First, each conservation network results from the conglomeration of subnetworks of expertise producing and using knowledge. Second, beyond the research-management gradient, other dimensions, such as the scale of operation, geographic location, and organizational characteristics, must also be considered. Assessing both knowledge production and trajectory across different dimensions of the network opens new space for investigating and reducing the gap between science and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruppert Vimal
- GEODE UMR 5602, CNRS, Université Jean-Jaurès, 5 Allée Antonio-Machado, Toulouse, 31058, France
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Courtney Morgans
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Aylagas E, Borja A, Pochon X, Zaiko A, Keeley N, Bruce K, Hong P, Ruiz GM, Stein ED, Theroux S, Geraldi N, Ortega A, Gajdzik L, Coker DJ, Katan Y, Hikmawan T, Saleem A, Alamer S, Jones BH, Duarte CM, Pearman J, Carvalho S. Translational Molecular Ecology in practice: Linking DNA-based methods to actionable marine environmental management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140780. [PMID: 32693276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular-based approaches can provide timely biodiversity assessments, showing an immense potential to facilitate decision-making in marine environmental management. However, the uptake of molecular data into environmental policy remains minimal. Here, we showcase a selection of local to global scale studies applying molecular-based methodologies for environmental management at various stages of implementation. Drawing upon lessons learned from these case-studies, we provide a roadmap to facilitate applications of DNA-based methods to marine policies and to overcome the existing challenges. The main impediment identified is the need for standardized protocols to guarantee data comparison across spatial and temporal scales. Adoption of Translational Molecular Ecology - the sustained collaboration between molecular ecologists and stakeholders, will enhance consensus with regards to the objectives, methods, and outcomes of environmental management projects. Establishing a sustained dialogue among stakeholders is key to accelerating the adoption of molecular-based approaches for marine monitoring and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Aylagas
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Angel Borja
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Xavier Pochon
- Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
| | - Anastasija Zaiko
- Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
| | - Nigel Keeley
- Benthic Resources and Processors Group, Institute of Marine Research, Postboks 6606 Langnes, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kat Bruce
- Nature Metrics Ltd, CABI site, Bakeham Lane, Egham TW20 9TY, United Kingdom
| | - Peiying Hong
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gregory M Ruiz
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA; Aquatic Bioinvasion Research and Policy Institute, Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Eric D Stein
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626-1437, USA
| | - Susanna Theroux
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626-1437, USA
| | - Nathan Geraldi
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alejandra Ortega
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Gajdzik
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darren J Coker
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Katan
- Environmental Protection Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 3131, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tyas Hikmawan
- Environmental Protection Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 3131, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Saleem
- The General Authority of Meteorology and Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alamer
- The General Authority of Meteorology and Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Saudi Arabia
| | - Burton H Jones
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Pearman
- Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Susana Carvalho
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Co-producing research with academics and industry to create a more resilient UK water sector. RESEARCH FOR ALL 2020. [DOI: 10.14324/rfa.04.2.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Societal, economic and environmental impact generated by academic research is a key focus of publicly funded research in the UK. Drawing on experiences from the Safe & SuRe project, a five-year research project that was co-produced with industry, this paper explores the challenges, learnings and benefits of co-producing research with academics and practitioners to create a more resilient UK water sector. Three aspects of the project are explored in detail: the use of a steering group, co-developing research intensively with a water company, and co-dissemination industry-facing events. Emerging themes include: (1) benefits of the industry steering group to develop working relationships and trust among the group; (2) increased dialogue and sharing of information between industry and academics going beyond the one-way communication more commonly reported by STEM academics; and (3) the value of co-disseminating research to maintain and engage new connections and spark new research questions.
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40
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Accessing Local Tacit Knowledge as a Means of Knowledge Co-Production for Effective Wildlife Corridor Planning in the Chignecto Isthmus, Canada. LAND 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/land9090332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inclusive knowledge systems that engage local perspectives and social and natural sciences are difficult to generate and infuse into decision-making processes but are critical for conservation planning. This paper explores local tacit knowledge application to identify wildlife locations, movement patterns and heightened opportunities and barriers for connectivity conservation planning in a critical linkage area known as the Chignecto Isthmus in the eastern Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Thirty-four local hunters, loggers, farmers and others with strong tacit knowledge of wildlife and the land participated in individual interviews and group workshops, both of which engaged participatory mapping. Individuals’ data were digitised, analysed and compiled into thematic series of maps, which were refined through participatory, consensus-based workshops. Locations of key populations and movement patterns for several species were delineated, predominantly for terrestrial mammals and migratory birds. When comparing local tacit-knowledge-based maps with those derived from formal-natural-science models, key differences and strong overlap were apparent. Local participants provided rich explanatory and complementary data. Their engagement in the process fostered knowledge transfer within the group and increased confidence in their experiential knowledge and its value for decision making. Benefits derived from our study for conservation planning in the region include enhanced spatial data on key locations of wildlife populations and movement pathways and local insights into wildlife changes over time. Identified contributing factors primarily relate to habitat degradation and fragmentation from human activities (i.e., land use and cover changes caused by roads and forestry practices), thereby supporting the need for conservation measures. The generated knowledge is important for consideration in local planning initiatives; it addresses gaps in existing formal-science data and validates or ground truths the outputs of existing computer-based models of wildlife habitat and movement pathways within the context of the complex social-ecological systems of the place and local people. Critically, awareness of the need for conservation and the value of the participants’ shared knowledge has been enhanced, with potential influence in fostering local engagement in wildlife conservation and other planning initiatives. Consistent with other studies, engagement of local people and their tacit knowledge was found to (i) provide important insights, knowledge translation, and dissemination to complement formal, natural science, (ii) help build a more inclusive knowledge system grounded in the people and place, and (iii) lend support to conservation action for connectivity planning and human-wildlife co-existence. More broadly, our methods demonstrate an effective approach for representing differences and consensus among participants’ spatial indications of wildlife and habitat as a means of co-producing knowledge in participatory mapping for conservation planning.
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Lebow-Skelley E, Yelton S, Janssen B, Erdei E, Pearson MA. Identifying Issues and Priorities in Reporting Back Environmental Health Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186742. [PMID: 32947900 PMCID: PMC7557638 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Experts recommend reporting environmental exposure results back to research participants and communities, yet environmental health researchers need further guidance to improve the practice of reporting back. We present the results of a workshop developed to identify pertinent issues and areas for action in reporting back environmental health research results. Thirty-five attendees participated, brainstorming responses to the prompt: “What are some specific issues that are relevant to reporting back research results to individuals or the larger community?”, and then grouping responses by similarity and rating their importance. Based on a combined theoretical foundation of grounded theory and qualitative content analysis, we used concept mapping to develop a collective understanding of the issues. Visual maps of the participants’ responses were created using nonmetric multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The resulting concept map provided a spatial depiction of five issue areas: Effective Communication Strategies, Community Knowledge and Concerns, Uncertainty, Empowering Action, and Institutional Review and Oversight (listed from highest to lowest rating). Through these efforts, we disentangled the complex issues affecting how and whether environmental health research results are reported back to participants and communities, by identifying five distinct themes to guide recommendations and action. Engaging community partners in the process of reporting back emerged as a unifying global theme, which could improve how researchers report back research results by understanding community context to develop effective communication methods and address uncertainty, the ability to act, and institutional concerns about beneficence and justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Lebow-Skelley
- HERCULES Exposome Research Center, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-712-8795
| | - Sarah Yelton
- Institute for the Environment, UNC Superfund Research Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Brandi Janssen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA;
| | - Esther Erdei
- College of Pharmacy & Mountain West Clinical and Translational Research-Infrastructure Network, UNM Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Melanie A. Pearson
- HERCULES Exposome Research Center, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
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Piorno V, Arroyo B, Delibes-Mateos M, Castro F, Villafuerte R. European rabbit hunting: Management changes and inertia in the governance system in a period of population fluctuations. J Nat Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Burger J, Gochfeld M, Kosson DS, Brown KG, Salisbury JA, Jeitner C. Risk to ecological resources following remediation can be due mainly to increased resource value of successful restoration: A case study from the Department of Energy's Hanford Site. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109536. [PMID: 32344209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Many nations are faced with the need to remediate large contaminated sites following World War II, the Cold War, and abandoned industrial sites, and to return them to productive land uses. In the United States, the Department of Energy (DOE) has the largest cleanup challenge, and its Hanford Site in the state of Washington has the most extensive and most expensive cleanup task. Ideally, the risk to ecological resources on remediation sites is evaluated before, during, and after remediation, and the risk from, or damage to, ecological resources from contaminants should be lower following remediation. In this paper, we report the risk to ecological resources before, during, and as a consequence of remediation on contaminated units requiring cleanup, and then examine the causes for changes in risk by evaluating 56 cleanup evaluation units (EUs) at the Hanford Site. In this case, remediation includes a restoration phase. In general, the risk to ecological and eco-cultural resources is currently not discernible or low at most contaminated units, increases during remediation, and decreases thereafter. Remediation often causes physical disruption to ecosystems as it reduces the risk from exposure to contaminants. Most new remediation projects at the Hanford Site include ecological restoration. Ecological restoration results in the potential for the presence of higher quality resources after remediation than currently exists on these contaminated lands and facilities. Although counter-intuitive, our evaluation of the risk to ecological resources following remediation indicated that a significant percentage of units (61%) will be at increased risk in the post-remediation period. This increased risk is due to DOE's successful remediation and restoration that results in a higher percent of native vegetation and higher ecological value on the sites in the post-remediation period than before. These newly-created resources can then be at risk from post-remediation activities. Risks to these new higher quality resources include the potential for spread of invasive species and of noxious grasses used in previous cleanup actions, disruption of ecosystems (including those with state or federally listed species and unique ecosystems), compaction of soil, use of pesticides to control invasive species, and the eventual need for continued monitoring activities. Thus, by greatly improving the existing habitat and health of eco-receptors, and maintaining habitat corridors between high quality habitats, the ecological resources in the post-remediated units are at risk unless care is taken to protect them. Many of the negative effects of both remediation and future monitoring (or other future land uses) can be avoided by planning and management early in the remediation process. We suggest DOE and other agencies convene a panel of managers, remediation scientists, regulators, environmental and ecological scientists, Native Americans, economists, and the public to develop a generic list of performance metrics for the restoration phase of remediation, including evaluation of success, which could be applied across the DOE complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Burger
- Division of Life Sciences, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation, Vanderbilt University and Rutgers University, USA.
| | - Michael Gochfeld
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation, Vanderbilt University and Rutgers University, USA; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - David S Kosson
- Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation, Vanderbilt University and Rutgers University, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37235, USA
| | - Kevin G Brown
- Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation, Vanderbilt University and Rutgers University, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37235, USA
| | - Jennifer A Salisbury
- Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation, Vanderbilt University and Rutgers University, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37235, USA
| | - Christian Jeitner
- Division of Life Sciences, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation, Vanderbilt University and Rutgers University, USA
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Chams N, Guesmi B, Gil JM. Beyond scientific contribution: Assessment of the societal impact of research and innovation to build a sustainable agri-food sector. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 264:110455. [PMID: 32217328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the climate change and increased attention toward environmental management issues, the agri-food sector has been extensively relying on research, development, and innovation (RDi) to transform conventional agricultural production into a sustainable and eco-friendly industry. While the academic contribution of research has been relatively easily identified in the literature, the assessment of its societal impact remains underdeveloped. Accordingly, this study employs mixed-method evaluation approaches, mainly ASIRPA framework and Impact Oriented Monitoring (IOM) model to better understand and measure the multi-dimensional impacts of RDi in the agri-food sector in Spain. The objective of this analysis is to identify the impact of research on the society and the ecosystem. An in-depth case study analysis is conducted to examine the "best practices" program to promote sustainable techniques in the rice cultivation. Empirical findings suggest a standardized index to measure the economic, socio-territorial, health, political, capacity building, and environmental impacts, involving the stakeholder-network evaluation. The study highlights important implications for firm management decisions monitoring research uptake and policy design in the agri-food sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Chams
- Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Center for Agro-food Economics and Development (CREDA). Parc Mediterrani de La Tecnologia, Edifici ESAB, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Bouali Guesmi
- Center for Agro-Food Economics and Development (CREDA-UPC-IRTA). Parc Mediterrani de La Tecnologia, Edifici ESAB, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain; University of Carthage, Mograne Higher School of Agriculture, LR03AGR02 SPADD, Zaghouan, 1121, Tunisia.
| | - José María Gil
- Center for Agro-Food Economics and Development (CREDA-UPC-IRTA). Parc Mediterrani de La Tecnologia, Edifici ESAB, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
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Whittaker AR. Why we fail: Stakeholders' perceptions of the social and ecological barriers to reforestation in southern Malawi. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R. Whittaker
- Center for Economic Development California State University Chico CA USA
- University of British Columbia Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences Vancouver BC Canada
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Fisher JRB, Wood SA, Bradford MA, Kelsey TR. Improving scientific impact: How to practice science that influences environmental policy and management. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark A. Bradford
- School of Forestry and Environmental StudiesYale University New Haven Connecticut USA
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47
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Royer MB, Brooks RP, Shortle JS, Yetter S. Shared discovery: A process to coproduce knowledge among scientists, policy makers, and stakeholders for solving nutrient pollution problems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:603-612. [PMID: 33016399 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is growing recognition of the importance of involving stakeholders in solution-oriented multidisciplinary environmental research projects. Management of nutrients to address water pollution is a wicked problem requiring multidisciplinary research and participation of stakeholders. Here, we frame participatory research as shared discovery, a deliberative, focused engagement process that serves as a directional guide for how research unfolds during the entire span of a project. We explore its application within a 5-yr, multidisciplinary research project seeking innovative solutions to nutrient management challenges in four agriculturally influenced small watersheds in the Chesapeake Bay basin. This process involved deliberate development of a stakeholder engagement strategy and structure, which included a specific research team dedicated to implementing shared discovery throughout. Recognizing that stakeholders involved in nutrient and watershed management engage at multiple scales, we developed a biscalar approach to engage stakeholders at both a regional or state policy level and within the local study watersheds. Early collaboration allowed stakeholders to be participatory in developing research questions and shaping research design, which made research results more applicable to the identified problems. The biscalar framework for engagement was a novel approach that allowed researchers to incorporate both broader policy concepts into research and local concerns and concepts specific to the small study watersheds, allowing solutions to be tailored to local needs. Although infusing research with stakeholder engagement and input from the outset is a time-consuming process, it bolsters research design and products and leads to greater application of research to solve nutrient pollution-a wicked problem indeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Royer
- Agriculture and Environment Center, Pennsylvania State Univ., 111B Ferguson Building, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Robert P Brooks
- Dep. of Geography, Pennsylvania State Univ., 302 Walker Building, Riparia, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - James S Shortle
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, Pennsylvania State Univ., 111D Ferguson Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Susan Yetter
- Clearwater Conservancy, 2555 North Atherton Street, State College, PA, 16803, USA
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Bertuol-Garcia D, Morsello C, N El-Hani C, Pardini R. Shared ways of thinking in Brazil about the science-practice interface in ecology and conservation. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:449-461. [PMID: 30350891 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The debate in the literature on the science-practice interface suggests a diversity of opinions on how to link science and practice to improve conservation. Understanding this diversity is key to addressing unequal power relations, avoiding the consideration of only dominant views, and identifying strategies to link science and practice. In turn, linking science and practice should promote conservation decisions that are socially robust and scientifically informed. To identify and describe the viewpoints of scientists and decision makers on how the science-practice interface should work in order to improve conservation decisions, we interviewed Brazilian scientists (ecologists and conservation scientists, n = 11) and decision makers (n = 11). We used Q methodology and asked participants to rank their agreement with 48 statements on how the science-practice interface should work in order to improve conservation decisions. We used principal component analysis to identify shared viewpoints. The predominant viewpoint, shared by scientists and decision makers, was characterized by valuing the integration of scientific and strategic knowledge to address environmental problems. The second viewpoint, held mostly by decision makers, was distinguished by assigning great importance to science in the decision-making process and calling for problem-relevant research. The third viewpoint, shared only by scientists, was characterized by an unwillingness to collaborate and a perception of scientists as producers of knowledge that may help decision makers. Most participants agreed organizations should promote collaboration and that actors and knowledge from both science and practice are relevant. Disagreements concerned specific roles assigned to actors, willingness to collaborate, and organizational and institutional arrangements considered effective to link science and practice. Our results suggest there is ample room for collaborations and that impediments lie mainly in existing organizations and formal institutional arrangements rather than in negative attitudes between scientists and decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bertuol-Garcia
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, 101, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão do Geremoabo, s/n, Campus de Ondina/UFBA, CEP 40170-290, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Carla Morsello
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão do Geremoabo, s/n, Campus de Ondina/UFBA, CEP 40170-290, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Bettio, 1000, CEP 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Charbel N El-Hani
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão do Geremoabo, s/n, Campus de Ondina/UFBA, CEP 40170-290, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão do Geremoabo, s/n, Campus de Ondina/UFBA, CEP 40170-290, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Renata Pardini
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão do Geremoabo, s/n, Campus de Ondina/UFBA, CEP 40170-290, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, 101, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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McGonigle DF, Rota Nodari G, Phillips RL, Aynekulu E, Estrada-Carmona N, Jones SK, Koziell I, Luedeling E, Remans R, Shepherd K, Wiberg D, Whitney C, Zhang W. A Knowledge Brokering Framework for Integrated Landscape Management. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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50
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Jouffray JB, Blasiak R, Norström AV, Österblom H, Nyström M. The Blue Acceleration: The Trajectory of Human Expansion into the Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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