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Shakeri F, Kiani S, Rahimi G, Boskabady MH. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of Berberis vulgaris and its constituent berberine, experimental and clinical, a review. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1882-1902. [PMID: 38358731 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Berberis vulgaris (B. vulgaris or barberry) is a medicinal plant that has been used for various purposes in traditional medicine. Berberine is one of the main alkaloids isolated from B. vulgaris and other plants. Both B. vulgaris and berberine have shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects in different experimental models and clinical trials. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the mechanisms and applications of B. vulgaris and berberine in modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune responses. The literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases until August 2023. The results indicated that B. vulgaris and berberine could inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin-17 (IL-17), and enhance the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), in various cell types and tissues. B. vulgaris and berberine can also scavenge free radicals, increase antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduce lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. B. vulgaris and berberine have been reported to exert beneficial effects in several inflammatory, oxidative, and immune-related diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, and infections. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the optimal doses, safety profiles, and potential interactions of B. vulgaris and berberine with other drugs or natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnoosh Rahimi
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Shrivastava S, Sharma A, Saxena N, Bhamra R, Kumar S. Addressing the preventive and therapeutic perspective of berberine against diabetes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21233. [PMID: 38027723 PMCID: PMC10663750 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has emerged as one the leading detrimental factors for human life expectancy worldwide. The disease is mainly considered as outcome of dysregulation in glucose metabolism, resulting in consistent high glucose concentration in blood. At initial stages, the diabetes particularly type 2 diabetes, is manageable by lifestyle interventions such as regular physical activity and diet with less carbohydrates. However, in advance stage, regular intake of external insulin dose and medicines like metformin are recommended. The long-term consumption of metformin is associated with several side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, lectic acidosis etc., In this scenario, several plant-based medicines have shown promising potential for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Berberine is the bioactive compound present in the different plant parts of berberis family. Biochemical studies have shown that berberine improve insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Additionally, berberine induces glucose metabolism by activating AMPK signaling and inhibition of inflammation. A series of studies have demonstrated the antidiabetic potential of berberine at in vitro, pre-clinical and clinical trials. This review provides comprehensive details of preventive and therapeutic potential of berberine against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyesh Shrivastava
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Nagpur Road, Jabalpur-482003, India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical and Education and Research 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nishant Saxena
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Nagpur Road, Jabalpur-482003, India
| | - Rashmi Bhamra
- Global Research Institute of Pharmacy, Radour-135133, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Nagpur Road, Jabalpur-482003, India
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Utami AR, Maksum IP, Deawati Y. Berberine and Its Study as an Antidiabetic Compound. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:973. [PMID: 37508403 PMCID: PMC10376565 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that causes hyperglycemia conditions and leads to various chronic complications that causes death. The prevalence of diabetes is predicted to continue to increase, and with the high toxicity levels of current diabetes drugs, the exploration of natural compounds as alternative diabetes treatment has been widely carried out, one of which is berberine. Berberine and several other alkaloid compounds, including some of its derivatives, have shown many bioactivities, such as neuraminidase and hepatoprotective activity. Berberine also exhibits antidiabetic activity. As an antidiabetic compound, berberine is known to reduce blood glucose levels, increase insulin secretion, and weaken glucose tolerance and insulin resistance by activating the AMPK pathway. Apart from being an antidiabetic compound, berberine also exhibits various other activities such as being anti-adipogenic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Many studies have been conducted on berberine, but its exact mechanism still needs to be clarified and requires further investigation. This review will discuss berberine and its mechanism as a natural compound with various activities, mainly as an antidiabetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayudiah Rizki Utami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Iman Permana Maksum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yusi Deawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Suman RK, Borde MK, Mohanty IR, Singh HK. Mechanism of Action of Natural Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors (Berberine and Mangiferin) in Experimentally Induced Diabetes with Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2023; 13:133-142. [PMID: 38023603 PMCID: PMC10666829 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_115_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Berberine (BER) and mangiferin are known natural dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) inhibitors. Hence, the study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of action of natural DPP-IV inhibitors (BER and MNG) in experimentally induced diabetes with metabolic syndrome. Aim The aim of this study was to observe mechanism through which natural DPP-IV inhibitor works in diabetes with metabolic syndrome rat model. Materials and Methods Wistar rats were fed high-fat diet for 10 weeks and challenged with streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg) at the 3rd week (high-fat diabetic control [HF-DC] group). After the confirmation of metabolic syndrome in the setting of diabetes, monotherapy (metformin [MET], vildagliptin [VIL], BER, and MNG) and combination (MET + VIL, MET + BER, and MET + MNG) therapy was orally fed to these rats from the 4th to 10th weeks. Results Insulin resistance (IR) was seen in the HF-DC group as indicated by raised homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) in HF-DC group as compared with normal control (NC) groups. The treatment groups reduced IR as shown by a decrease in HOMA-IR as compared with HF-DC group rats. The marked reduction (P < 0.001) of beta-cell function was observed in the HF-DC group as a reduced level of HOMA for beta-cell function (HOMA-β) was found as compared with the NC group. Increases in HOMA-β as compared to the HFDC group were observed in the therapy groups. The treatment group significantly reduced cholesterol and atherogenic index. The treatment group showed significant preservation of beta-cell mass as per immunohistochemistry and significant anti-apoptotic activity as per Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling assay report. The treated rats significantly (P < 0.05) reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) marker (P < 0.001) was significantly reduced in the treatment group. Conclusion The natural DPP-IV inhibitors BER and MNG treatment showed beneficial effects on various components of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Suman
- Department of Pharmacology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manjusha K Borde
- Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ipseeta Ray Mohanty
- Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Purwaningsih I, Maksum IP, Sumiarsa D, Sriwidodo S. A Review of Fibraurea tinctoria and Its Component, Berberine, as an Antidiabetic and Antioxidant. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031294. [PMID: 36770960 PMCID: PMC9919506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia caused by resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, or excessive glucagon production. Numerous studies have linked diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress. People with diabetes usually exhibit high oxidative stress due to persistent and chronic hyperglycemia, which impairs the activity of the antioxidant defense system and promotes the formation of free radicals. Recently, several studies have focused on exploring natural antioxidants to improve diabetes mellitus. Fibraurea tinctoria has long been known as the native Borneo used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. Taxonomically, this plant is part of the Menispermaceae family, widely known for producing various alkaloids. Among them are protoberberine alkaloids such as berberine. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid with many pharmacological activities. Berberine is receiving considerable interest because of its antidiabetic and antioxidant activities, which are based on many biochemical pathways. Therefore, this review explores the pharmacological effects of Fibraurea tinctoria and its active constituent, berberine, against oxidative stress and diabetes, emphasizing its mechanistic aspects. This review also summarizes the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of berberine and in silico studies of berberine in several diseases and its protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indah Purwaningsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Pontianak, Pontianak 78124, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (I.P.M.)
| | - Iman Permana Maksum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (I.P.M.)
| | - Dadan Sumiarsa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Sulfianti A, Firdausi N, Nurhadi N, Ngatinem N, Agustini K, Ningsih S. Antidiabetic activity of Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Stennis extracts with different ethanol percentages: an evaluation based on in vitro, in vivo, and molecular studies. PHARMACIA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.70.e94899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Stennis, also known as Binahong (B), is an Indonesian plant used to treat diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the best extragent for preparing Binahong extract as an antidiabetic agent using different concentrations of ethanol (50%, 70%, and 96%), labelled as BE50%, BE70%, and BE96%. An alpha-glucosidase inhibiting assay was used to assess the activity. The most active extract was tested in vivo assay using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and alloxan-high feed diet (alloxan-HFD)-induced diabetes in rats, with glucose level and beta cell Langerhans repair as parameters. A molecular assay was also performed to look into the expression of homeostasis regulator genes on 3T3-L1 adipose cells. The results showed that 96% ethanol extract (BE96%) inhibited alpha-glucosidase the most effectively (IC50 119.78± 11.14 μg/mL). The in vivo assay revealed that the treatment BE96% at 250 mg/kg BW for 21 consecutive days significantly reduced plasma glucose levels in Type 2 DM rats compared to the control group (p ≤ .05) with improved of Langerhans beta cells. BE96% also significantly reduced postprandial glucose levels. At the cellular level, Oil-Red-O staining revealed that differentiated adipocytes treated with BE96% had the highest lipid absorbance (p ≤ .05), compared to the control. BE96% significantly increased the expression of Glucose Transporter Isoform 4 (GLUT4) at the molecular level. It could be concluded that BE96% exhibited the best antidiabetic properties.
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Liu Y, Cai J, Wang Y, Zhao X, Qiao Y, Liu CJ. YQBS Improves Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats: Possible Association with Tyrosine and Tryptophan Metabolism. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:901-912. [PMID: 37021127 PMCID: PMC10069430 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s401863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is aimed to determine the metabolomic effects of the hybrid medicine formula Yi-Qi-Bu-Shen (YQBS) on the neurotransmitter aspects of cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. METHODS In the current study, streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetic animal model in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. After successful establishment of diabetic SD rats' model, age-matched healthy SD rats and diabetic SD rats were treated with low and high doses of YQBS, and then tested for learning memory ability and analyzed for pathological changes. In addition, neurotransmitter metabolic changes in hippocampal subdivisions of rats from different treated groups were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. RESULTS YQBS could significantly improve memory-cognitive impairment in diabetic rats as evidenced by the shortening of latency to target and the reduction of latency first entrance to target. Moreover, YQBS also improved the pathological alterations in the hippocampal region in the brains of diabetic rats. Metabolomic analysis showed that the expression of noradrenaline hydrochloride was down-regulated and the expressions of levodopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan were up-regulated in the hippocampal tissues of diabetic rats treated with YQBS. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that YQBS has protective effects against diabetic cognitive dysfunction, which might act through alteration in tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingru Cai
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yun Qiao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yun Qiao; Chuan-Ju Liu, Email ;
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Fu K, Chen H, Mei L, Wang J, Gong B, Li Y, Cao R. Berberine enhances autophagic flux by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells to resist LPS-induced apoptosis. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13847. [PMID: 37427761 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Berberine exerts many beneficial effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs). Recently, we also found that berberine shows significant antiapoptotic and autophagy-promoting activities, but the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. This research explored the association between the antiapoptotic and autophagy-promoting activities of berberine in LPS-treated BEECs. BEECs were first preconditioned with an inhibitor of autophagic flux (chloroquine [CQ]) for 1 h, treated with berberine for 2 h, and then incubated with LPS for 3 h. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, and autophagy activities were assessed by immunoblot analysis of LC3II and p62. The results indicated that the antiapoptotic activity of berberine was notably inhibited in LPS-treated BEECs after preconditioning with CQ for 1 h. Furthermore, to determine whether berberine promoted autophagy by activating the nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, we assessed autophagy in LPS-treated BEECs after preconditioning with a signaling pathway inhibitor of Nrf2 (ML385). The results indicated that the enhanced autophagy activity induced by berberine was partially reversed in LPS-treated BEECs after the Nrf2 signaling pathway was disturbed by ML385. In conclusion, berberine enhances autophagic flux to allow resistance to LPS-induced apoptosis by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in BEECs. The present study may provide new insight into the antiapoptotic mechanism of berberine in LPS-induced BEECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Lian Mei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Jifang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Benzhi Gong
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, Jining, China
| | - Yan Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Shandong, Junan, China
| | - Rongfeng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
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Riaz NN, Ahmed MM, Kashif M, Sajid M, Ali M, Mahmood K. Biologically potent organotin( iv) complexes of N-acetylated β-amino acids with spectroscopic, X-ray powder diffraction and molecular docking studies †. RSC Adv 2023; 13:10768-10789. [PMID: 37033437 PMCID: PMC10074041 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06718h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Twelve novel organotin(iv) complexes (1–12) of N-acetylated β-amino acids (L1–L8) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, multinuclear (1H, 13C, 119Sn) NMR, EI-MS and powder XRD techniques. The XRD results determined lattice parameters, average particle size, and intrinsic strain and confirmed the crystalline nature of complexes as face centered cubic phases. Molecular docking analysis using a catalytic pocket of the α-glucosidase enzyme indicated that most of the compounds displayed a well-fitted orientation and occupied important amino acids in the enzyme's catalytic pocket. Furthermore, in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity results revealed that L1 and complexes 4, 6 and 10 showed the highest activity with IC50 values of 21.54 ± 0.45, 37.96 ± 0.81 and 35.20 ± 1.02, respectively, compared to standard acarbose with an IC50 value of 42.51 ± 0.21. In addition, in vivo antidiabetic activity of selected compounds using alloxan induced diabetic rabbits showed that L4 and complexes 4, 6, 10, 12 showed significant activities like standard metformin. Anti-bacterial activity against the selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains has the following order Escherichia coli > Pseudomonas aeruginosa > Staphylococcus aureus > Bacillus subtilis. Similarly, antioxidant activity by the DPPH scavenging method was also studied with following results: triorganotin > diorganotin > ligands. Novel organotin(iv) complexes of N-acetylated β-amino acids were synthesized and characterized by different techniques. The molecular docking, in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory, and in vivo antidiabetic activity studies were carried out.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagina Naveed Riaz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of EducationLahorePakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Sajid
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China96 Jinzhai Road, Baohe DistrictHefei230026PR China
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
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Ahmedy OA, El-Tanbouly DM, Al-Mokaddem AK, El-Said YA. Insights into the role of P2X7R/DUSP6/ERK1/2 and SIRT2/MDM2 signaling in the nephroprotective effect of berberine against cisplatin-induced renal fibrosis in rats. Life Sci 2022; 309:121040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Control of Obesity, Blood Glucose, and Blood Lipid with Olax imbricata Roxb. Root Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:7781723. [PMID: 36091101 PMCID: PMC9463018 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7781723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice were used in in vivo experiments to evaluate the effects of doses of n-hexane extract (from 100 to 1,300 mg/kg body weight/day) on the ability to control obesity, blood glucose, and blood lipid. In this study, body weight gain, caloric intake, glucose tolerance, blood lipid, histopathological study, and locomotion activity were examined. Furthermore, this study evaluated the lethality of the extract in extremely high doses in the tested mice. After 3 months of use with an extremely high dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight/day (equivalent to 350 g/day for a 70 kg person), no animals with abnormal conditions or death were observed. This initially demonstrated the safety of the extract. In addition, after 6 weeks of testing on high-fat diet-induced obese mice, n-hexane extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight/day (equivalent to 35 g/day for a 70 kg person) demonstrated a positive effect on the ability to control obesity, blood glucose, and blood lipid through the results of body weight, blood lipids, glucose tolerance, and histopathology (white fat, liver, and kidney tissues). In this study, n-hexane extract from the roots of Duong-dau tree has proven to be strongly biologically active in preventing and supporting the treatment of diseases related to overweight and obesity, helping to control blood glucose levels thereby reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Irudayaraj SS, Jincy J, Sunil C, Duraipandiyan V, Ignacimuthu S, Chandramohan G, Packiam SM. Antidiabetic with antilipidemic and antioxidant effects of flindersine by enhanced glucose uptake through GLUT4 translocation and PPARγ agonism in type 2 diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114883. [PMID: 34861363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants have been used by the people of developing countries to treat various diseases. WHO also recommends the use of medicines from plants source. In that, diabetes also one of the diseases that have been treated traditionally by several people all over the world. In India, Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. (Rutaceae) is also a medicinal plant used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes in Ayurveda. Moreover, T. asiatica is also used in a polyherbal formulation to treat diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY This study examined the antidiabetic with antilipidemic and antioxidant effects of flindersine isolated from T. asiatica leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for 15 days and injecting a single dose of 40 mg/kg b. wt. of Streptozotocin (STZ). Five days post-injection, the grouped diabetic rats were treated with 20 and 40 mg/kg of flindersine. RESULTS Flindersine resulted in a clear decline of blood glucose levels during 28 days of treatment in two different doses. Flindersine also significantly (P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.005) reduced the body weight gain, plasma insulin concentration, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) levels and significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.005) the total protein level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities compared to the standard drug, pioglitazone. Additionally, flindersine restored the glucose transporter protein 4 (GLUT4), adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expressions in adipose tissues and skeletal muscles. CONCLUSION It has been found that flindersine has potent antilipidemic and antidiabetic activities by improving insulin sensitivity by enhancing the phosphorylation of AMPK, GLUT4 translocation, and PPARγ agonism on adipose tissue and skeletal muscles of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiagu Stephen Irudayaraj
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, India; St. Xavier's College, Maharo, Dumka, 814110, Jharkhand, India
| | - Jacob Jincy
- Hillside College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Bangalore, 560062, India
| | - Christudas Sunil
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, India.
| | - Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, India.
| | | | - Govindasamy Chandramohan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences,King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soosaimanickam Maria Packiam
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, India; Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai-600 034, India
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Ijaz M, Arshad A, Awan MA, Tariq MR, Ali SW, Ali S, Shafiq M, Ahmed S, Sheas MN, Iftikhar M, Ahmed S, Nasir MA, Kausar G, Javed AUI, Safdar W. Exploring the potential of curry leaves on mercury-induced hepatorenal toxicity in an animal model. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:499-506. [PMID: 35154686 PMCID: PMC8825737 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal drugs play an imperative role in healthcare programs in developing countries. Curry leaves have wide medicinal importance and are used to treat various diseases traditionally. The current study was carried out to estimate the extent of mercury toxicity and the potential effect of curry leaves against defined toxicity. The study group comprised 24 rats weighing between 130 and150 g. Group 1 was kept normal, and group 2 was exposed to mercury at 0.4 mg/kg of body weight in the form of mercuric chloride (HgCl2). The group 3 animals were treated with curry leaves with a dosage of 300 mg/kg of body weight. Group 4 was treated with curry leaves along with mercury with a dosage of 300 and 0.4 mg/kg consecutively. After 28 days, the rats were killed. Blood sample of all groups were evaluated separately to determine the results of different parameters. The results show that ALP, AST, ALT, urea, bilirubin, and creatinine increased with mercury application and decreased with curry leaf exposure. SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR of the liver as well as the kidney depleted on mercury exposure whereas they increased with curry leaf application. HDL increased with curry leaf application and decreased with mercury treatment, while LDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol decreased with curry leaves and increased with mercury exposure. Organ index in mercury along with curry leaf application got close to normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ijaz
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Asma Arshad
- Quaid‐e‐Azam Medical CollegeBahawalpurPakistan
| | | | | | - Shinawar Waseem Ali
- Department of Food SciencesUniversity of the PunjabQuid‐i‐Azam CampusLahorePakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Food SciencesUniversity of the PunjabQuid‐i‐Azam CampusLahorePakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Food SciencesUniversity of the PunjabQuid‐i‐Azam CampusLahorePakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Medical SciencesRawalpindiPakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Sheas
- Department of Diet & Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreIslamabad CampusIslamabadPakistan
| | - Madiha Iftikhar
- Department of Diet & Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreIslamabad CampusIslamabadPakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- Department of Food ScienceCholistan University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesBahawalpurPakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Nasir
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreGujrat CampusGujratPakistan
| | - Ghazala Kausar
- School of Food and NutritionMinhaj University LahoreLahorePakistan
| | | | - Waseem Safdar
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Medical SciencesRawalpindiPakistan
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14
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Ghavipanje N, Fathi Nasri MH, Farhangfar SH, Ghiasi SE, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E. Pre- and Post-partum Berberine Supplementation in Dairy Goats as a Novel Strategy to Mitigate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:743455. [PMID: 34722705 PMCID: PMC8552069 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.743455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As in dairy cattle, goats during the transition period face risk factors, in particular negative energy balance (NEB), inflammation, and impairment of the antioxidant response. The current study determined the effects of pre- and post-partum berberine (BBR) supplementation on antioxidant status and inflammation response during the transition period in dairy goats. Twenty-four primiparous Saanen goats were randomly divided into four groups: control (CON, without BBR) and supplemented with 1 g/day BBR (BBR1), 2 g/day BBR (BBR2), or 4 g/day BBR (BBR4). The blood samples were collected weekly from 21 days pre-partum to 21 days post-partum. Compared with CON, supplementation with either BBR2 or BBR4 decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the levels of plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) at kidding and thereafter an increased (P ≤ 0.05) the plasma levels of glucose and insulin. Following BBR ingestion, blood antioxidant status elevated throughout the transition period, so that total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity were increased (P ≤ 0.05) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased (P ≤ 0.05). Likewise, paraoxonase (PON) was reduced (P ≤ 0.05) in goats fed BBR2 and BBR4. The levels of haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and bilirubin were reduced (P ≤ 0.05) by BBR2 and BBR4 immediately before kidding and thereafter. The results demonstrated that supplementation of either 2 or 4 g/day BBR enhanced antioxidant capacity and immune function of transition goats and improved post-partum performance showing its beneficial effect to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation during the transition period in dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Ghavipanje
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | | | | | - Seyyed Ehsan Ghiasi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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15
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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacological Activities of Berberine in Diabetes Mellitus Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9987097. [PMID: 34471420 PMCID: PMC8405293 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9987097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has good clinical application prospects in diabetes treatment. In addition, TCM is less toxic and/or has fewer side effects and provides various therapeutic effects. Berberine (BBR) is isolated as the main component in many TCM kinds (e.g., Rhizoma Coptidis and Berberidis Cortex). Furthermore, BBR can reduce blood sugar and blood fat, alleviate inflammation, and improve the state of patients. Based on the recent study results of BBR in diabetes treatment, the BBR pharmacokinetics and mechanism on diabetes are mainly studied, and the specific molecular mechanism of related experimental BBR is systematically summarized and analyzed. Clinical studies have proved that BBR has a good therapeutic effect on diabetes, suggesting that BBR may be a promising drug candidate for diabetes. More detailed BBR mechanisms and pathways of BBR need to be studied further in depth, which will help understand the BBR pharmacology in diabetes treatment.
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16
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Wang L, Kong H, Jin M, Li X, Stoika R, Lin H, Liu K. Synthesis of disaccharide modified berberine derivatives and their anti-diabetic investigation in zebrafish using a fluorescence-based technology. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:3563-3574. [PMID: 32347284 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Berberine is a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid and has been used as an important functional food additive in China due to its various pharmacological activities. Berberine exhibits great potential for developing anti-diabetic agents against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as it can reduce the blood glucose level in many animal models. However, the low anti-diabetic activity and poor bioavailability of berberine (below 5%) by oral administration significantly limit its practical applications. To solve these problems, this article focuses on the structural modification of berberine using some disaccharide groups, because the carbohydrate moiety has been proved to improve the bioavailability and enhance the receptor-binding affinity of drugs. Anti-diabetic investigation of the synthesized compounds was performed in a zebrafish model using a fluorescently labelled glucose analog 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-d-glucose (2-NBDG) as a glucose tracker. The results indicated that the modification of berberine with carbohydrate groups could give derivatives with improved anti-diabetic activity, in particular the diglucose modified berberine derivative 1 which could dramatically promote the uptake of 2-NBDG in both zebrafish larvae and their eyes even at very low concentrations. Furthermore, the fluorescence-based anti-diabetic investigation method in zebrafish shows great potential for anti-diabetic drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China.
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17
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Lyu Y, Lin L, Xie Y, Li D, Xiao M, Zhang Y, Cheung SCK, Shaw PC, Yang X, Chan PKS, Kong APS, Zuo Z. Blood-Glucose-Lowering Effect of Coptidis Rhizoma Extracts From Different Origins via Gut Microbiota Modulation in db/db Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:684358. [PMID: 34211397 PMCID: PMC8239385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.684358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Coptidis rhizoma extracts (CREs) have been used widely for their anti-diabetic and anti-microbial activities, and berberine/jatrorrhizine/coptisine/palmatine are the primary bioactive components. Although guidelines have adopted content analyses of these components as a quality control method for CREs, it is difficult to differentiate the CREs from different sources using this method because of the lack of indications for their related pharmacological activities. Purpose: To explore the effect of CREs (CREA/CREB/CREC) with different compositions of major components on the gut microbiota and blood glucose levels in db/db mice. Methods: Degradation of berberine/jatrorrhizine/coptisine/palmatine from CREA/CREB/CREC in rat/mouse intestinal contents and their impact on nine common gastrointestinal bacteria were investigated. In addition, the effects of oral administration of CREA/CREB/CREC for 2 weeks on the gut microbiota and blood glucose levels in db/db mice were monitored via insulin/glucose tolerance test (ITT/GTT), insulin concentration, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and fecal 16S rRNA sequencing. Results and Conclusion: The total amount of berberine/jatrorrhizine/coptisine/palmatine was highest in CREA. Clostridium perfringens was strongly inhibited by all three CREs, with CREA demonstrating the most significant inhibitory effects on minimum inhibitory concentration, time-kill kinetics, and ATP production. In db/db mice, CREA resulted in the most significant decrease in ITT/GTT and depicted different changes in the microbiota from CREB/CREC. Thus, CREs with different compositions of berberine/jatrorrhizine/coptisine/palmatine differed in terms of time-kill kinetics and ATP production assays on C. perfringens. CREA revealed the potent bacterial inhibitory effects and glucose-lowering activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Yuning Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Min Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Stanley Chun Kai Cheung
- School of Life Sciences and Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Pang Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences and Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Paul Kay Sheung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Alice Pik Shan Kong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
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18
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Berberine attenuates the inflammatory response by activating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107738. [PMID: 33984720 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endometritis is a common inflammatory disease that disturbs the rapid development of dairy farming. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of berberine on the LPS-induced inflammatory response in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs) and the participation of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in this process. Berberine treatment significantly reduced the LPS-induced expression levels of CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in bEECs. The Nrf2 signaling pathway in these cells was also activated by berberine. We further evaluated the effects of Nrf2 activators and inhibitors on the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. The activator of Nrf2 significantly inhibited the production of these proinflammatory cytokines that was induced by LPS. However, an inhibitor of Nrf2 only partially inhibited the anti-inflammatory effects of berberine on the LPS-induced inflammatory response in bEECs. In conclusion, our findings suggest that berberine exerts anti-inflammatory effects partially by activating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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19
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Guimarãesa VHD, Basilio Silva JN, de Freitas DF, Filho OC, da Silveira LH, Marinho BM, de Paula AMB, Melo GA, Santos SHS. Hydroalcoholic Extract of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae) Leaves Improves Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Complications in Mice. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:769-780. [PMID: 33511923 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528999210128205817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solanum lycocarpum is a medicinal plant widely-used in Brazil because its fruits have hypoglycemic activity. However, the fruits are restricted in some periods of the year. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of S. lycocarpum leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. METHODS Hydroalcoholic extract of S. lycocarpum was characterized by phytochemical and GC-MS analysis. The Antidiabetic activity was assessed following treatment for 22 days with S. lycocarpum extract at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg. Bodyweight, water, and food intake, glycemia, biochemical parameters, anatomy-histopathology of the pancreas, liver and kidney, and expression of target genes were analyzed. In addition, oral acute toxicity was evaluated. RESULTS Animals treated showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in glycemia following a dose of 125 mg/kg. Food intake remained similar for all groups. Decreased polydipsia symptoms were observed after treatment with 250 (p < 0.001) and 500 mg/kg (p < 0.01) compared with diabetic control, although normal rates were observed when 125 mg/kg was administered. A protective effect was also observed in the pancreas, liver, and kidneys, through the regeneration of the islets. Hypoglycemic activity can be attributed to myo-inositol, which stimulates insulin secretion, associated with α-tocopherol, which prevents damage from oxidative stress and apoptosis of β-pancreatic cells by an increased Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) mRNA expression. The toxicological test demonstrated safe oral use of the extract under the present conditions. CONCLUSION Hydroalcoholic extract of S. lycocarpum promotes the regulation of diabetes in the case of moderate glycemic levels, by decreasing glycemia and exerting protective effects on the islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarãesa
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Jéssica Nayara Basilio Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Genetics of Plants, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Daniela Fernanda de Freitas
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Otávio Cardoso Filho
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique da Silveira
- Laboratory of pathological anatomy and cytopathology - Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria (HUCF), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Barbhara Mota Marinho
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Geraldo Aclécio Melo
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais,. Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,. Brazil
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20
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Calvani M, Subbiani A, Bruno G, Favre C. Beta-Blockers and Berberine: A Possible Dual Approach to Contrast Neuroblastoma Growth and Progression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7534693. [PMID: 32855766 PMCID: PMC7443044 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7534693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of nutraceuticals during cancer treatment is a long-lasting debate. Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline quaternary alkaloid extracted from a variety of medicinal plants. BBR has been shown to have therapeutic effects in different pathologies, particularly in cancer, where it affects pathways involved in tumor progression. In neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial childhood solid tumor, BBR, reduces tumor growth by regulating both stemness and differentiation features and by inducing apoptosis. At the same time, the inhibition of β-adrenergic signaling leads to a reduction in growth and increase of differentiation of neuroblastoma. In this review, we summarize the possible beneficial effects of BBR in counteracting tumor growth and progression in various types of cancer and, in particular, in neuroblastoma. However, BBR administration, besides its numerous beneficial effects, presents a few side effects due to inhibition of MAO A enzyme in neuroblastoma cells. Therefore, herein, we proposed a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome side effects of BBR administration consisting of concomitant administration of BBR together with β-blockers in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Calvani
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, A. Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Subbiani
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, A. Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gennaro Bruno
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, A. Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Favre
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, A. Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
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21
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Bozcaarmutlu A, Sapmaz C, Bozdoğan Ö, Kükner A, Kılınç L, Kaya ST, Özarslan OT, Ekşioğlu D. The effect of co-administration of berberine, resveratrol, and glibenclamide on xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in diabetic rat liver. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:990-998. [PMID: 32762264 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1802475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It is possible to use plant-derived antioxidant molecules in the form of dietary supplements. However, dietary supplement-drug interaction pattern has not been well defined for most of these products. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of berberine, resveratrol, and glibenclamide on xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin was administered to create experimental diabetes. Resveratrol (5 mg/kg) (R), glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) (G), and berberine (10 mg/kg) (B) were administered individually or in combinations in DMSO by intraperitoneal administration route to the diabetic rats. DMSO was also given to non-diabetic control (C) and diabetic control (D) groups. Livers of rats were taken under anesthesia at the end of the treatment period (12 days). Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase (PROD), aniline 4-hydroxylase (A4H), erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were measured in microsomes and cytosols. In addition, histomorphological studies were also performed in the liver tissues. EROD activity of D+R was significantly higher than C and D+R+B. PROD activity of D+R was significantly higher than C, D, D+R+G, D+R+B, and D+R+B+ G. PROD activity of D+B was significantly higher than C and D+R+B. ERND activity of D+R was significantly higher than D+R+G and D+R+B. GST activity of D+R was significantly higher than D+R+G. CAT activity of D+B was significantly lower than C. It is clear that co-administration of resveratrol, berberine, and glibenclamide modifies some of the important xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities. Resveratrol and berberine have the potential to cause dietary supplement-drug interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Bozcaarmutlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Canan Sapmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Ömer Bozdoğan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Aysel Kükner
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus
| | - Leyla Kılınç
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Salih Tunç Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Oğulcan Talat Özarslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Didem Ekşioğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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22
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Li Q, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Du H, Xu T, Xu X, Zhang J, Kuang T, Lai X, Fan G, Zhang Y. 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Coupled With Molecular Docking Reveal the Anti-Diabetic Effects and Potential Active Components of Berberis vernae on Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:932. [PMID: 32636751 PMCID: PMC7317004 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dried stem bark of Berberis vernae C.K.Schneid., known as “Xiao-bo-pi” in Chinese, is a representative anti-diabetic herb in traditional Tibetan medical system. However, its anti-diabetic mechanisms and active components remain unclear. In this study, 1H NMR-based metabolomics, biochemistry assay, molecular docking, and network analysis were integrated to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of B. vernae extract on type 2 diabetic rats, and to explore its active components and underlying mechanisms. Diabetes was induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. After 30 days of treatment, B. vernae extract significantly decreased the serum levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index, glycated serum protein, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, whereas significantly increased the serum levels of insulin sensitivity index in type 2 diabetic rats. A total of 28 endogenous metabolites were identified by 1H NMR-based metabolomics, of which 9 metabolites that were changed by diabetes were significantly reversed by B. vernae extract. The constructed compound-protein-metabolite-disease (CPMD) interaction network revealed the correlation between chemical constituents, target proteins, differential metabolites, and type 2 diabetes. Ferulic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, bufotenidine, jatrorrhizine, and berberine showed good hit rates for both the 30 disease-related proteins and 14 differential metabolites-related proteins, indicating that these four compounds might be the active ingredients of B. vernae against type 2 diabetes. Moreover, pathway analysis revealed that the anti-diabetic mechanisms of B. vernae might be related to its regulation of several metabolic pathways (e.g., butanoate metabolism) and disease-related signal pathways (e.g., adipocytokine signaling pathway). In summary, B. vernae exerts a significant anti-diabetic effect and has potential as a drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunsen Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Du
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Xu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinmei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianrong Lai
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Fan
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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23
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Amin AR, Kassab RB, Abdel Moneim AE, Amin HK. Comparison Among Garlic, Berberine, Resveratrol,Hibiscus sabdariffa, GenusZizyphus, Hesperidin, Red Beetroot,Catha edulis,Portulaca oleracea, and Mulberry Leaves in the Treatment of Hypertension and Type 2 DM: A Comprehensive Review. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20921623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are 2 of the most prevalent diseases with poor impact on health status worldwide. In most cases, they coexist with other metabolic disorders as well as cardiac, micro- and macrovascular complications. Many plants are known for their hypotensive, cardioprotective, and/or antidiabetic activities. Their active ingredients either identified and isolated or still utilized as herbal preparations of certain plant parts. The use of medicinal plants comprises the main basis for most of the traditional medicine (TM) systems and procedures. As conventional medicines seem insufficient to control such progressive diseases, herbal agents from TM could be used as adjuvant with good impact on disease control and progression as well as other concomitant health conditions. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of 10 different herbal medicines of botanical origin or herbal preparations in the management of hypertension and its cardiovascular complications and type 2 DM along with various coexisting health disorders. These herbal medicines are garlic, berberine, resveratrol, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Zizyphus ( oxyphylla, mucronate, jujube, rugosa), hesperidin, red beetroot, Catha edulis, mulberry leaves, and Portulaca oleracea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira R. Amin
- Cardiology and Oncology Section, Nasser Institute for Research and Treatment, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rami B. Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem K. Amin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
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Ilyas Z, Perna S, Al-Thawadi S, Alalwan TA, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Gasparri C, Infantino V, Peroni G, Rondanelli M. The effect of Berberine on weight loss in order to prevent obesity: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110137. [PMID: 32353823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides a critical overview of experimental studies in vitro, in humans, and in animals that evaluated the efficacy of Berberine and its effect on management of obesity and the related metabolic consequences. As a result of this review, we summarized the effects of Berberine in different models and the related mechanism of actions. In preclinical models, Berberine demonstrates that it affects gut microbiota by reducing diversity of microbes starting at a dosage of 100 mg/kg/day. Moreover, in animal models, Berberine explicates an action on glucose through the inhibition of α-glycosidase at a dose of 200 mh/kg/day. Berberine is also known to be effective against differentiation of adipocytes through a decrease in LXRs, PPARs, and SREBPs expression at 150 mg/kg/day. Other mechanism ascribed to Berberine are related to its inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis through the Phospheoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), Glucose-6-phosphate (G6Pase) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, Berberine (associated to Red Yeast Rice) is effective in decreasing lipid levels in rats, which consequently lowers the change of weight gain at dosage of 40 mg/kg to 380 mg/kg/day. All the above preclinical data are confirmed in human studies where Berberine can modulate the diversity of gut microbes at the dose of 500 mg/day. In addition, Berberine is found to have a beneficial impact on gene regulation for the absorption of cholesterol at a daily dose of 300 mg in humans, an amelioration on glucose accumulation at 1.0 g daily dose was also observed. For all these reasons, this review gives an important good account of the impact of Berberine in obesity treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ilyas
- University of Bahrain, Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Simone Perna
- University of Bahrain, Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Salwa Al-Thawadi
- University of Bahrain, Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Tariq A Alalwan
- University of Bahrain, Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Unit, Indena, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | | | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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Li Y, Zhu C. Development and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Microspheres Containing Sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]caprylate for the Oral Delivery of Berberine Hydrochloride. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081957. [PMID: 32340157 PMCID: PMC7221516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microspheres containing absorption enhancer (sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]caprylate, SNAC) were developed to enhance the oral bioavailability of berberine hydrochloride (BER) with poor intestinal membrane permeability. Microspheres were prepared and characterized by particle size measurements, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, BER payload and release, Caco-2 cell monolayer transport, and rat pharmacokinetics. The microspheres were spherical and had uniform size, high encapsulation efficiency and high loading capacity. In vitro release studies showed that BER-loaded microspheres had good sustained release characteristics. The Caco-2 cell monolayer transport study proved that SNAC could significantly enhance permeability of BER 2–3-fold. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated a 9.87-fold increase in area under the curve (AUC) of BER mixed with SNAC and a 14.14-fold increase in AUC of microspheres compared with BER alone. These findings indicate that SNAC is a promising absorption enhancer for oral delivery of BER in the form of both solution and microspheres.
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Gu S, Lai LH. Associating 197 Chinese herbal medicine with drug targets and diseases using the similarity ensemble approach. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:432-438. [PMID: 31530902 PMCID: PMC7470807 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) addresses complex diseases through polypharmacological interactions. However, systematic studies of herbal medicine pharmacology remain challenging due to the complexity of CHM ingredients and their interactions with various targets. In this study, we aim to address this challenge with computational approaches. We investigated the herb-target-disease associations of 197 commonly prescribed CHMs using the similarity ensemble approach and DisGeNET database. We demonstrated that this method can be applied to associate herbs with their putative targets. In the case study of three well-known herbs, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Flos Lonicerae, and Rhizoma Coptidis, approximately 70% of the predicted targets were supported by scientific literature. By linking 406 targets to 2439 annotated diseases, we further analyzed the pharmacological functions of 197 herbs. Finally, we proposed a strategy of target-oriented herbal formula design and illustrated the target profiles for four common chronic diseases, namely, Alzheimer's disease, depressive disorder, hypertensive disease, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This computational approach holds great potential in the target identification of herbs, understanding the molecular mechanisms of CHM, and designing novel herbal formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gu
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and the Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lu-Hua Lai
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and the Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Belwal T, Bisht A, Devkota HP, Ullah H, Khan H, Pandey A, Bhatt ID, Echeverría J. Phytopharmacology and Clinical Updates of Berberis Species Against Diabetes and Other Metabolic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:41. [PMID: 32132921 PMCID: PMC7040237 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidences of diabetic mellitus and other metabolic diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia are increasing worldwide; however, the current treatment is not able to control the rapidly increasing trend in diabetes mortality and morbidity. Studies related to the effectiveness of extracts and pure compounds obtained from plants have shown promising responses in preclinical and clinical studies related to these metabolic diseases. Plants belonging to the genus Berberis (Family: Berberidaceae) are widely distributed with nearly 550 species worldwide. Extracts and compounds obtained from Berberis species, especially Berberine alkaloid, showed effectiveness in the management of diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Various pharmacological experiments have been performed to evaluate the effects of Berberis extracts, berberine, and its natural and chemically synthesized derivatives against various cell and animal disease models with promising results. Various clinical trials conducted so far also showed preventive effects of Berberis extracts and berberine against metabolic diseases. The present review focuses on i) research updates on traditional uses, ii) phytopharmacology and clinical studies on Berberis species, and iii) active metabolites in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and other metabolic diseases with a detailed mechanism of action. Furthermore, the review critically analyzes current research gaps in the therapeutic use of Berberis species and berberine and provides future recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Belwal
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development (GBPNIHESD), Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, India
| | - Aarti Bisht
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development (GBPNIHESD), Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, India
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Aseesh Pandey
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Management, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang, Gangtok, India
| | - Indra Dutt Bhatt
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development (GBPNIHESD), Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, India
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Liu Y, Guo J, Xiao Z, Peng D, Song K. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms of berberine by ZSM-5 molecular sieves from Cortex Phellodendron. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-019-01703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang L, Yang X, Li X, Stoika R, Wang X, Lin H, Ma Y, Wang R, Liu K. Synthesis of hydrophobically modified berberine derivatives with high anticancer activity through modulation of the MAPK pathway. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01645d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Linoleic acid-modified berberine derivative induces apoptosis of A549 cells and affects the expression of proteins associated with the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan 250353
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Xueliang Yang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan 250353
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan 250353
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis
- Institute of Cell Biology
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- Lviv
- Ukraine
| | - Xue Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan 250353
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Houwen Lin
- Research Center for Marine Drugs
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yukui Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Drugs
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- 250101 Jinan
- China
| | - Rongchun Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan 250353
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan 250353
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
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Zhou Z, Lin Y, Gao L, Yang Z, Wang S, Wu B. Circadian pharmacological effects of berberine on chronic colitis in mice: Role of the clock component Rev-erbα. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 172:113773. [PMID: 31866303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Berberine, initially isolated from Rhizoma Coptidis (Huanglian in Chinese), is a drug used to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as colitis. Here we uncovered a time-varying berberine effect on chronic colitis in mice, and investigated a potential role of the clock protein Rev-erbα in this timing effect. Berberine activity toward Rev-erbα was determined by luciferase reporter, Gal4-cotransfection assay and target gene expression analyses. Chronic colitis was induced by feeding mice with dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water. Colitis severity and pharmacological effects of berberine were assessed by measuring myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde activities as well as the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and Ccl2). Berberine significantly inhibited Bmal1 (-2000/+100 bp)- and Nlrp3 (-1310/+100 bp)-Luc reporter activities, and dose-dependently decreased cellular expressions of both Bmal1 and Nlrp3. Also, it enhanced the transcriptional repressor activity of Rev-erbα in the Gal4 chimeric assay. These data indicated berberine as a Rev-erbα agonist. As expected, berberine attenuated inflammatory responses in BMDMs (bone marrow-derived macrophages) and in colitis mice. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of berberine were lost in BMDMs derived from Rev-erbα-deficient mice. Furthermore, chronic colitis displayed a diurnal rhythmicity in disease severity and its diurnal pattern was in an opposite phase to that of Rev-erbα expression, supporting a direct control of colitis by Rev-erbα. Moreover, berberine effects on chronic colitis were dosing time-dependent. ZT10 dosing generated a better treatment outcome compared to ZT2. This was because colitis was less severe and Rev-erbα expression was much higher at ZT10 than at ZT2. In conclusion, circadian pharmacological effects of berberine on chronic colitis were mainly contributed by diurnal rhythms of both disease severity and Rev-erbα (as a drug target). The findings may have implications for chronotherapeutic practice on colitis or related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Zhou
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanke Lin
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zemin Yang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Wang J, Wang L, Lou GH, Zeng HR, Hu J, Huang QW, Peng W, Yang XB. Coptidis Rhizoma: a comprehensive review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:193-225. [PMID: 30963783 PMCID: PMC6461078 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1577466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Coptidis rhizome (CR), also known as Huanglian in Chinese, is the rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch., C. deltoidea C.Y. Cheng et Hsiao, or C. teeta Wall (Ranunculaceae). It has been widely used to treat bacillary dysentery, diabetes, pertussis, sore throat, aphtha, and eczema in China. OBJECTIVES The present paper reviews the latest advances of CR, focusing on the botany, phytochemistry, traditional usages, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology and toxicology of CR and its future perspectives. METHODS Studies from 1985 to 2018 were reviewed from books; PhD. and MSc. dissertations; the state and local drug standards; PubMed; CNKI; Scopus; the Web of Science; and Google Scholar using the keywords Coptis, Coptidis Rhizoma, Huanglian, and goldthread. RESULTS Currently, 128 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from CR. Alkaloids are the characteristic components, together with organic acids, coumarins, phenylpropanoids and quinones. The extracts/compounds isolated from CR cover a wide pharmacological spectrum, including antibacterial, antivirus, antifungal, antidiabetic, anticancer and cardioprotective effects. Berberine is the most important active constituent and the primary toxic component of CR. CONCLUSIONS As an important herbal medicine in Chinese medicine, CR has the potential to treat various diseases. However, further research should be undertaken to investigate the clinical effects, toxic constituents, target organs and pharmacokinetics, and to establish criteria for quality control, for CR and its related medications. In addition, the active constituents, other than alkaloids, in both raw and processed products of CR should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan-Hua Lou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Rong Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin-Wan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang-Bo Yang
- Ya'an Xun Kang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ya'an, China
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Nam DE, Yun JM, Kim D, Kim OK. Policosanol Attenuates Cholesterol Synthesis via AMPK Activation in Hypercholesterolemic Rats. J Med Food 2019; 22:1110-1117. [PMID: 31613687 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of policosanol on high-fat and high-cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats to provide strong evidence in support of its hypocholesterolemic effect. The hypercholesterolemic rats showed elevations in liver weight, total triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in serum; however, policosanol supplementation reduced these markers significantly. In addition, we found that policosanol supplementation stimulated an increase in fecal cholesterol and bile acid contents and deactivated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation during high-fat and high-cholesterol-containing diet-induced development of hypercholesterolemia. Policosanol supplementation decreased ApoB levels and increased LDL-receptor expression, but it did not affect the hepatic ACAT2 level in livers from hypercholesterolemic rats. Moreover, supplementation with policosanol significantly decreased aortic wall thickness and levels of P-selectin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1) in serum. In conclusion, we suggest that policosanol supplementation induces antihypercholesterolemia by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis, LDL cholesterol uptake, and cholesterol excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Eun Nam
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeong-Moon Yun
- Research Institute of Clinical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dakyung Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition and Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Lin F, Yang D, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Ye J, Xiao M. The Potential of Neoagaro-Oligosaccharides as a Treatment of Type II Diabetes in Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100541. [PMID: 31547097 PMCID: PMC6835453 DOI: 10.3390/md17100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90% of cases of diabetes mellitus, which is harmful to human health. Herein, neoagaro-oligosaccharides (NAOs) were prepared and their potential as a treatment of T2DM was evaluated in KunMing (KM) mice. Specifically, a T2DM mice model was established by the combination of a high-fat diet (HFD) and alloxan injection. Consequently, the mice were given different doses of NAOs (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) and the differences among groups of mice were recorded. As a result of the NAOs treatment, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) was lowered and the glucose tolerance was improved as compared with the model group. As indicated by the immunohistochemistry assay, the NAOs treatment was able to ameliorate hepatic macrovesicular steatosis and hepatocyte swelling, while it also recovered the number of pancreatic β-cells. Additionally, NAOs administration benefited the antioxidative capacity in mice as evidenced by the upregulation of both glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity and the significant reduction of the malondialdehyde concentration. Furthermore, NAOs, as presented by Western blotting, increased the expression of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, NQO1, HO-1, and PPARγ, via the MAPK, Nrf2, and PPARγ signaling pathways, respectively. In conclusion, NAOs can be used to treat some complications caused by T2DM, and are beneficial in controlling the level of blood glucose and ameliorating the damage of the liver and pancreatic islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fudi Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Dongda Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yayan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Meitian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Tan J, Wang J, Yang C, Zhu C, Guo G, Tang J, Shen H. Antimicrobial characteristics of Berberine against prosthetic joint infection-related Staphylococcus aureus of different multi-locus sequence types. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:218. [PMID: 31419978 PMCID: PMC6697971 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcal aureus (S. aureus) has become the leading causative pathogen of Prosthetic Joint Infection (PJI), which is the most devastating complication after arthroplasty surgeries. Due to the biofilm formation ability and emergence of multiple-drugs resistance strains of S. aureus, it has become an urgency to find new anti-staphylococcal agents to establish effective prophylaxis and treatment strategy for PJI. Extracted from a traditional Chinese herb, berberine is proved active in inhibiting S. aureus, while whether it exerts the same effect on PJI-related S. aureus remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial activity of berbrine against clinical derived PJI-related S. aureus and whether its inhibiting efficacy is associated with subtypes of S. aureus. METHODS Eighteen PJI-associated S. aureus were collected and their Multi-locus Sequence Types (MLST) and susceptibility to berberine both in planktonic and biofilm form were investigated. Additionally, one S. aureus strain (ST1792) was selected from the group and its transcriptomic profiling in berberine incubation was performed. The statistical analyses were conducted using Student's t-test with SPSS 24.0(SPSS, IBM, USA). The data were expressed as the means ± standard deviation. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS It was found out that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values of PJI-related S. aureus varied in a broad range (from 64 to 512 μg/ml) among different MLST subtypes and the bacteria were able to regain growth after 24 h in berberine of MIC value or higher concentrations. In addition, sub-inhibitory concentrations of berberine surprisingly enhanced biofilm formation in some S. aureus strains. CONCLUSION Traditional medicine is utilised by a large number of individuals, which provides abundant resources for modern medical science. In our study, berberine was found bactericidal against PJI related S. aureus, however, its antibacterial property was impacted by the MLST subtypes of the bacteria, both in planktonic and biofilm growth forms.
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Yang L, Liu G, Liang X, Wang M, Zhu X, Luo Y, Shang Y, Yang JQ, Zhou P, Gu XL. Effects of berberine on the growth performance, antioxidative capacity and immune response to lipopolysaccharide challenge in broilers. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1229-1238. [PMID: 31264347 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of berberine on growth performance, immunity, haematological parameters, antioxidant capacity, and the expression of immune response-related genes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged broilers. We assigned 120 one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) to two treatment groups; each group included two subgroups, each of which included six replicates of five birds per replicate. The experiment used a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with berberine treatment (0 or 60 mg/kg dietary) and challenge status [injection of saline (9 g/L w/v) or LPS (1.5 mg/kg body weight)] as the main factors. On days 14, 16, 18 and 20, broilers were intraperitoneally injected with LPS or physiological saline. Blood and liver samples were collected on day 21. Dietary berberine supplementation significantly alleviated the compromised average daily gain and average daily feed intake (p < 0.05) caused by LPS. The LPS challenge led to increased lymphocyte and white blood cell (WBC) counts, malondialdehyde (serum and liver) content, and immunoglobulin G and M, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression (p < 0.05) and significantly reduced serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity (p < 0.05). Dietary berberine significantly mitigated the LPS-induced decreases in the mRNA expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitrite synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (p < 0.05) in the liver. In conclusion, berberine supplementation has a positive effect on LPS challenge, which may be related to the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibition of both NF-κB signalling and the expression of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Shang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Quan Yang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Xin-Li Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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Alizarin increase glucose uptake through PI3K/Akt signaling and improve alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:395-406. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Alizarin (AZ), that can be isolated from Rubia cordifolia, has biological activities such as antioxidation and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to investigate the effect of AZ on glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in alloxan-induced diabetic mice and also explored the effect of AZ on insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results: The research showed that AZ could decrease fasting and postprandial blood glucose, TG, TC and MDA, and it could also increase liver glycogen levels and SOD activity in diabetic mice. AZ could significantly improve the glucose uptake of 3T3-L1 adipocytes under insulin resistance, and could also increase GLUT4 protein expression levels, IRS-1 and Akt protein phosphorylation. Conclusion: These results showed that AZ has the potential to reduce blood sugar and improve insulin resistance.
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Mi J, He W, Lv J, Zhuang K, Huang H, Quan S. Effect of berberine on the HPA-axis pathway and skeletal muscle GLUT4 in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1717-1725. [PMID: 31564939 PMCID: PMC6731988 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s211188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis pathway is closely related to insulin resistance (IR), glucose, and lipid metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Berberine (BBR) has effect on regulating disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM. In fact, activation of the HPA axis pathway is closely related to IR, glucose, and lipid metabolism disorders in T2DM. Here, we investigated whether the therapeutic effect of BBR on T2DM rats is acted through the HPA axis pathway. METHODS In this research, we investigated the effects of BBR on the HPA-axis pathway-related indicators and expression of skeletal muscle glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in the high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced T2DM rats, and identify its possible mechanism of improving IR in T2DM. RESULTS BBR significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in model rats. It also improved the abnormalities of the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the insulin resistance index, the insulin sensitivity index, glucagon, and insulin levels. BBR decreased levels of hypothalamic Orexin-A, the OX2R receptor, the corticotropin-releasing hormone, the pituitary and the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, as well as serum and urine corticosterone. At the same time, BBR increased mRNA and protein expressions of GLUT4 in skeletal muscles of model rats as well. CONCLUSION Those results suggested that BBR can exert inhibition on the HPA-axis and increased skeletal muscle expression of GLUT4 proteins, which may be one of the important mechanisms in BBR to improve IR and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Mi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenda He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhuang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heqing Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Heqing Huang; Shijian QuanDepartment of School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232 East Wai Huan Road, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 1 392 211 9719Email ;
| | - Shijian Quan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Lima JA, Hamerski L. Alkaloids as Potential Multi-Target Drugs to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64183-0.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Darroudi S, Fereydouni N, Tayefi M, Ahmadnezhad M, Zamani P, Tayefi B, Kharazmi J, Tavalaie S, Heidari-Bakavoli A, Azarpajouh MR, Ferns GA, Mohammadpour AH, Esmaily H, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Oxidative stress and inflammation, two features associated with a high percentage body fat, and that may lead to diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Biofactors 2019; 45:35-42. [PMID: 30561055 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an important feature of the metabolic syndrome and is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between body fat percentage and an imbalance of the prooxidant/antioxidant balance (PAB), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and inflammation (serum hs-CRP) and increase risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. In this study, 9154 individuals were recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Association Disorder (MASHAD) study. Subjects were categorized into two groups according to body fat percentage as defined >25% in male and > 30% in female, according to gender. Biochemical factors, including serum PAB, SOD1, and hs-CRP were measured in all subjects. SPSS version 18 was used for statistical analyses for all. GraphPad Prism 6 for figures was used. Of total number of subjects (9154), 6748 (73.7%) were found to have a high body fat (BF) percentage. Serum hs-CRP and PAB were significantly higher in individuals with a high BF percentage (P < 0.05) but SOD1 was not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). BF percentage, serum PAB and serum hs-CRP were significantly higher in individuals with metabolic syndrome and diabetes versus those without metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus (P < 0.05), however serum SOD1 was significantly lower in individuals with metabolic syndrome (P < 0.005). Oxidative stress and inflammation are two factors that may link the presence of high BF percentage with the development of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(1):35-42, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Darroudi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Fereydouni
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Tayefi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran
- Head, University international Accreditation, International Office, Clinical Research Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ahmadnezhad
- Nutrition research center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Batool Tayefi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jasmin Kharazmi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch Islamic Azad University Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Tavalaie
- Metabolic Syndrome research center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Heidari-Bakavoli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud R Azarpajouh
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Institute Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir H Mohammadpour
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Institute Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Social Determinants of Health Research, Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome research center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Akbar MU, Zia KM, Akash MSH, Nazir A, Zuber M, Ibrahim M. In-vivo anti-diabetic and wound healing potential of chitosan/alginate/maltodextrin/pluronic-based mixed polymeric micelles: Curcumin therapeutic potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2418-2430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abo-EL-Sooud K, Ahmed FA, El-Toumy SA, Yaecob HS, ELTantawy HM. Phytochemical, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic and hypoglycemic activities of Periploca angustifolia L extracts in rats. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-018-0087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Feng T, Du H, Chen H, Xiao Q, He Y, Fan G. Comparative Analysis of Genetic and Chemical Differences between Four Berberis Herbs Based on Molecular Phylogenetic and HPLC Methods. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1870-1873. [PMID: 30259882 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In traditional Tibetan medicinal system, Berberis herbs mainly originate from the dried barks of Berberis kansuensis, Berberis dictyophylla, Berberis diaphana, and Berberis vernae. In this study, molecular phylogenetic method based on four markers (i.e., rbcL, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), ITS2, and psbA-trnH) and HPLC chemical analysis were used to evaluate the chemical and genetic differences between the four Berberis species. The results showed that the discriminatory power of ITS, ITS2 and psbA-trnH was low, but the rbcL marker was highly effective and reliable for the species differentiation. The four Berberis species can be successfully classified based on phylogenetic analysis of the rbcL sequences. Moreover, the results of chemical analysis showed that four main alkaloids (i.e., berberine, palmatine, magnoflorine, and jatrorrhizine) cannot be used as chemical markers for discrimination of the four Berberis species. These findings provide valuable information for distinguishing the four Berberis Tibetan herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Feng
- School of Ecological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Remediation of Guizhou Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Wetland Eco-engineering of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University of Engineering Science
| | - Huan Du
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Hanting Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Qunying Xiao
- School of Ecological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Remediation of Guizhou Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Wetland Eco-engineering of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University of Engineering Science
| | - Yang He
- School of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Gang Fan
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Wu Z, Jin T, Weng J. A thorough analysis of diabetes research in China from 1995 to 2015: current scenario and future scope. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 62:46-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Therapeutic Potential of Brazilian Cerrado Campomanesia Species on Metabolic Dysfunctions. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092336. [PMID: 30216974 PMCID: PMC6225494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, in conjunction with other metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, is a feature of metabolic syndrome which is characterized by a pro-inflammatory state and increased oxidative stress. Therefore, antioxidant foods are proposed to prevent and treat these disorders. Medicinal plants are one of the main strategies in this regard. Guavira, a Brazilian Cerrado plant, contains different bioactive compounds with a high antioxidant capacity and without clinical or reproductive toxicity effects. Though there are different varieties of guavira, the principal Brazilian Cerrado guaviras demonstrated hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic actions. There is also a potential antiplatelet agent in C. xanthocarpa, while C. adamantium displayed hypocholesterolemic actions in animal models and human clinical trials. On the other hand, even with a lack of studies related to C. pubescens, it demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects and an antioxidant capacity in in vitro studies. Despite the fact that most of the studies were not performed to evaluate pathological conditions specific to obese animal models or obese subjects, guavira demonstrated effects in metabolic disorders that are commonly related to the obesity context, such as cardiovascular disturbances and hyperglycemia status. This suggests that guavira is a potential therapeutic approach to obesity-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Dong H, Yan G, Wang Z, Wu C, Cui B, Ren Y, Yang C. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Fourteen Alkaloid Components in Dog Plasma after Oral Administration of Corydalis bungeana Turcz Extract. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081927. [PMID: 30072612 PMCID: PMC6222357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of fourteen alkaloids in beagle dog plasma after a single oral dose of the Corydalis bungeana Turcz (C. bungeana) extract selected bifendate as the internal standard (IS). The plasma samples were preprocessed by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with aether before separation on an Agilent SB-C18 column (1.8 µm, 150 × 2.1 mm) using a gradient elution program. The mobile phase consists of 0.2% acetic acid and acetonitrile at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. In the positive ion mode, the analytes were detected by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The results indicated that calibration curves for fourteen analytes have good linearity (R2 = 0.9904). The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) of fourteen alkaloids and IS were all over 4.87 ng/mL and the matrix effects ranged from 94.08% to 102.76%. The mean extraction recoveries of Quality control samples at low (LQC), medium (MQC) and high (HQC) and IS were all more than 78.03%. The intra- and inter-day precision (R.S.D.%) also met the criterion, at the same time the deviation of assay accuracies (R.E) ranged from −13.70% to 14.40%. The Tmax values of fourteen alkaloids were no more than 1 h. The range of Cmax was from 74.16 ± 8.71 to 2256 ± 255.9 ng/mL. The assay was validated in the light of the regulatory bioanalytical guidelines and proved acceptable, which was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of these compounds in beagle dogs after oral administration of Corydalis bungeana Turcz extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Guanyun Yan
- Department of Pharmacy Management Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medical (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Chengcui Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yixuan Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Chunjuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
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Abstract
Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA and lncRNA regulations, and take part in many physiological and pathological processes. Recently, it has been found that natural compounds are essential in regulation of epigenetics. By influencing the expression and activities of genes related with epigenetics and altering the expression and functions of miRNAs, many natural compounds exhibit the biological and pharmaceutical activities in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many kinds of human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Here in this review, the effects of several natural compounds on epigenetics and the underlying mechanisms were summarized, providing a new insight into the role of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital (School of Clinical Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Nong-Lin-Xia Road 19#, Yue-Xiu District, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zuohua Chi
- The First Affiliated Hospital (School of Clinical Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Nong-Lin-Xia Road 19#, Yue-Xiu District, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ruiping Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital (School of Clinical Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Nong-Lin-Xia Road 19#, Yue-Xiu District, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and WesternMedicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Ma X, Chen Z, Wang L, Wang G, Wang Z, Dong X, Wen B, Zhang Z. The Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus by Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: Its Inhibition by Berberine. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:782. [PMID: 30100874 PMCID: PMC6072898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial knowledge on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) by oxidative stress and inflammation is available. Berberine is a biologically active botanical that can combat oxidative stress and inflammation and thus ameliorate DM, especially type 2 DM. This article describes the potential of berberine against oxidative stress and inflammation with special emphasis on its mechanistic aspects. In diabetic animal studies, the modified levels of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were observed after administering berberine. In renal, fat, hepatic, pancreatic and several others tissues, berberine-mediated suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation was noted. Berberine acted against oxidative stress and inflammation through a very complex mechanism consisting of several kinases and signaling pathways involving various factors, including NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinases). Moreover, MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2) also have mechanistic involvement in oxidative stress and inflammation. In spite of above advancements, the mechanistic aspects of the inhibitory role of berberine against oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes mellitus still necessitate additional molecular studies. These studies will be useful to examine the new prospects of natural moieties against DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Ma
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjun Chen
- Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Le Wang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gesheng Wang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Wang
- Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoBo Dong
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Binyu Wen
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichen Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Update on the Benefits and Mechanisms of Action of the Bioactive Vegetal Alkaloid Berberine on Lipid Metabolism and Homeostasis. CHOLESTEROL 2018; 2018:7173920. [PMID: 30057809 PMCID: PMC6051272 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7173920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of circulating levels of blood cholesterol, especially LDL cholesterol, and/or the decrease of HDL cholesterol levels have long been recognized as primary risk factors for developing atherosclerosis that leads to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor that is known to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, various interventional efforts aimed at reducing hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia have been practiced clinically for decades to reduce morbidity and mortality risk associated with deleterious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. As such, many drugs have been developed and clinically used to treat hypocholesteremia and/or hypertriglyceridemia; however, dietary approaches including supplements along with changes in nutrition and lifestyle have become increasingly attractive and acceptable methods used to control borderline or moderately increased levels of blood cholesterol and triacylglycerols. In this regard, the use of a plant/herbal bioactive compound, berberine (BBR), has recently been studied extensively in terms of its efficacy as well as its mechanisms of action and safety as an alternative intervention that beneficially modulates blood lipids. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on BBR research, new concepts and directions in terms of product development and current challenges, and future prospects of using BBR to manage diseases and complications associated with dyslipidemia.
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Jiao-Tai-Wan Improves Cognitive Dysfunctions through Cholinergic Pathway in Scopolamine-Treated Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3538763. [PMID: 30050927 PMCID: PMC6040267 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3538763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is characterized as the gradual loss of learning ability and cognitive function, as well as memory impairment. Jiao-tai-wan (JTW), a Chinese medicine prescription including Coptis chinensis and cinnamon, is mainly used for the treatment of insomnia, while the effect of JTW in improving cognitive function has not been reported. In this study, we employed a scopolamine- (SCOP-) treated learning and memory deficit model to explore whether JTW could alleviate cognitive dysfunction. In behavioral experiments, Morris water maze, Y-maze, fearing condition test, and novel object discrimination test were conducted. Results showed that oral administration of JTW (2.1 g/kg, 4.2 g/kg, and 8.4 g/kg) can effectively promote the ability of spatial recognition, learning and memory, and the memory ability of fresh things of SCOP-treated mice. In addition, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was effectively decreased; the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and concentration of acetylcholine (Ach) were improved after JTW treatment in both hippocampus and cortex of SCOP-treated mice. JTW effectively ameliorated oxidative stress because of decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in hippocampus and cortex. Furthermore, JTW promotes the expressions of neurotrophic factors including postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (SYN) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in both hippocampus and cortex. Nissl's staining shows that the neuroprotective effect of JTW was very effective. To sum up, JTW might be a promising candidate for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.
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Add-on therapy with traditional Chinese medicine: An efficacious approach for lipid metabolism disorders. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:200-211. [PMID: 29935947 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Add-on therapy with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been extensively researched in the intractable diseases, such as asthma, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. As an entirely new concept, add-on therapy of TCM has been also used to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia via lowering cholesterol level. However, the efficacy of add-on therapy with TCM for mediating lipid metabolism disorders remains controversial. In this review, we summarize and provide strong evidence that add-on therapy of TCM as a novel approach is efficacious and safe for hyperlipidemia associated diseases based on the mediation of lipid metabolism disorders.
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