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Ying X, Wan F, Wang T, Zang Z, Xu Y, Wu B, Yang X, Huang X. Segmented variable-frequency ultrasound synergistic hot-air drying of Rhubarb: Effect on drying characteristics and quality and thermal analysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 108:106986. [PMID: 39002226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
This study employed segmented variable-frequency ultrasound synergistic hot-air drying (SVFU-HAD) for Rhubarb slices, selected two sets of time nodes for frequency conversion (60 min, 120 min, and 90 min, 150 min), and two sequences of frequency conversion (high-frequency to low-frequency, and low-frequency to high-frequency). It aimed to investigate the effects of SVFU-HAD on the drying characteristics, quality, and heat transfer of Rhubarb slices. The findings indicated that segmented variable-frequency ultrasound has advantages in increasing drying rate and improving uniformity of cavitation effects compared to constant-frequency ultrasound. Analysis of physical properties revealed that the rehydration performance of dried products subjected to ultrasonic variable-frequency treatment (90 min, 150 min) according to the drying rate was better (RR > 3.3). The transition mode from high-frequency to low-frequency in variable-frequency ultrasonic treatment contributes to maintaining the overall color of Rhubarb. Analysis of chemical properties unveiled that Rhubarb treated with 40 kHz (0 min)-28 kHz (60 min)-25 kHz (120 min) segmented variable-frequency ultrasound contained overall higher levels of tannins, dianthrones and free anthraquinones content, which exceeded the average values by 3.24%, 26.65%, and 14.42%, respectively. In addition, thermal analysis results based on ANSYS Workbench software demonstrated that the drying uniformity of SVFU-HAD is superior to that of hot-air drying and constant-frequency ultrasound synergistic hot-air drying (CFU-HAD). Overall, the SVFU-HAD method employed in this study presents an innovative approach to ultrasound synergistic hot-air drying research with promising potential for enhancing the efficiency and quality characteristics of Rhubarb slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Ying
- College of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fangxin Wan
- College of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tongxun Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zepeng Zang
- College of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanrui Xu
- College of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bowen Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaopeng Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Yang X, Li C, Ge M, Li X, Zhao W, Guo H, Nie H, Liu J. Mn(II)-Aloe-Emodin Nanoscale Coordination Polymer Enhances Ferroptosis by Synergistically Enhancing Reactive Oxygen Species Generation via the Nrf2-GPX4 Axis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400474. [PMID: 38875525 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis induction is particularly promising for cancer therapy when the apoptosis pathway is compromised. Current strategies in nanomedicine for inducing ferroptosis primarily focus on promoting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the presence of intracellular antioxidants, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), can limit the effectiveness of such therapy by activating detoxification systems and eliminating ROS. To overcome this challenge, we developed a synergistic ferroptosis-inducing agent by modifying manganese (Mn2+)-1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone (aloe-emodin, AE) with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to create nanoparticles (MAP NPs). In the tumor microenvironment, these NPs degraded and released AE and Mn(II), facilitating the generation of ROS and Mn(IV) through a Fenton-like reaction between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Mn(II). Mn(IV) subsequently interacts with glutathione (GSH) to induce a cyclic catalytic effect, and the depletion of GSH diminished the activation of glutathione-dependent peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Furthermore, AE inhibits the activity of Nrf2 and depleted GSH, thereby synergistically enhancing antitumor efficacy. Here it is demonstrated that MAP NPs effectively generate a robust ROS storm within tumor cells, suggesting that high-performance ferroptosis therapy is effective. Additionally, the inclusion of Mn(II) in the MAP NPs enables real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy via magnetic resonance T1-weighted contrast imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Radiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Mengjun Ge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Hu Guo
- Siemens Healthineers MR Application China, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Hemin Nie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
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El-Mouty Raslan MA, Kassem IAA, Ghaly NS, El-Manawaty MA, Melek FR, Nabil M. Aloe juvenna Brandham & S.Carter as α-Amylase Inhibitor and Hypoglycaemic Agent with Anti-inflammatory Properties for Diabetes Management. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400245. [PMID: 38436134 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite Aloe's traditional use, Aloe juvenna Brandham & S.Carter is poorly characterized. Other Aloes are known for their antidiabetic activity. This study describes the antidiabetic potentials and phytoconstituents of the A. juvenna leaves methanolic extract (AJME). Twenty-six phytoconstituents of AJME were described using HPLC/MS-MS. Lupeol and vitexin were isolated using column chromatography. The antidiabetic activity of AJME was investigated using an in vivo high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model and in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity assays. AJME demonstrated its α-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50=313±39.9 ppm) with no effect on α-glucosidase. In vivo, AJME dose-dependently improved hyperglycaemia in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Notably, the higher dose (1600 mg/kg) of AJME significantly downregulated serum interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 genes, suggesting its anti-inflammatory effect. These findings indicate AJME's potential as a significant antidiabetic agent through its α-amylase inhibition, hypoglycaemic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abd El-Mouty Raslan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Iman AbdelKhalek AbdelKhalek Kassem
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Neveen Sabry Ghaly
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - May Aly El-Manawaty
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Farouk Rasmy Melek
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marian Nabil
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Ushasree MV, Jia Q, Do SG, Lee EY. New opportunities and perspectives on biosynthesis and bioactivities of secondary metabolites from Aloe vera. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108325. [PMID: 38395206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Historically, the genus Aloe has been an indispensable part of both traditional and modern medicine. Decades of intensive research have unveiled the major bioactive secondary metabolites of this plant. Recent pandemic outbreaks have revitalized curiosity in aloe metabolites, as they have proven pharmacokinetic profiles and repurposable chemical space. However, the structural complexity of these metabolites has hindered scientific advances in the chemical synthesis of these compounds. Multi-omics research interventions have transformed aloe research by providing insights into the biosynthesis of many of these compounds, for example, aloesone, aloenin, noreugenin, aloin, saponins, and carotenoids. Here, we summarize the biological activities of major aloe secondary metabolites with a focus on their mechanism of action. We also highlight the recent advances in decoding the aloe metabolite biosynthetic pathways and enzymatic machinery linked with these pathways. Proof-of-concept studies on in vitro, whole-cell, and microbial synthesis of aloe compounds have also been briefed. Research initiatives on the structural modification of various aloe metabolites to expand their chemical space and activity are detailed. Further, the technological limitations, patent status, and prospects of aloe secondary metabolites in biomedicine have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrudulakumari Vasudevan Ushasree
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen, Inc., 2121 South street suite 400 Tacoma, Washington 98405, USA
| | - Seon Gil Do
- Naturetech, Inc., 29-8, Yongjeong-gil, Chopyeong-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 27858, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Liu W, Qian H, Zhang Y, Qiu L, Wang F, Chen X. Comparison of Ba-Hao burn ointment gauze and petrolatum gauze in split graft donor site healing: A randomized, prospective, and self-control study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1988. [PMID: 38572119 PMCID: PMC10987975 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims To assess patient comfort, wound healing, and scarring at the 6-month follow-up of split-skin graft donor sites treated with Ba-Hao burn ointment (BHBO) gauze, a compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine since 1970s, compared with petrolatum gauze. Methods Thirty patients admitted to the Department of Burns of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between September 2021 and September 2022 participated in this randomized, prospective, self-control clinical study. After harvesting the split skin, donor sites were divided into two parts along the midline. BHBO gauze was applied to half of the donor wounds, and petrolatum gauze was applied to the other half. The wound healing time, pain scores on the postoperative Days 3, 6, and 9, and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score at the 6-month follow-up were assessed. Results The wound healing time was significantly shorter in the BHBO group than in the control group (10.07 ± 1.48 days vs. 11.50 ± 1.74 days, p < 0.001). On postoperative Days 3 and 6, the pain scores quantified by visual analog scores were significantly lower in the BHBO group than in the control group (5.33 ± 1.54 and 4.17 ± 1.51, respectively vs. 7.57 ± 1.41 and 5.20 ± 1.47, respectively). The difference in the visual analog scale score on postoperative Day 9 between the groups was not significant (p > 0.05). Microbiological assessment revealed the absence of bacterial contamination in both groups. At the 6-month follow up, the VSS score was significantly lower in the BHBO group (6.67 ± 1.92) than in the control group (9.57 ± 1.55). Conclusion BHBO resulted in faster donor-site healing, reduced postoperative pain, and improved scar quality at the 6-month follow-up than petrolatum gauze alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Jing Liu
- Department of Graduate SchoolAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiAnhuiPR China
- Department of BurnsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiPR China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Han‐Ying Qian
- Department of Graduate SchoolAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiAnhuiPR China
- Department of BurnsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiPR China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Zhang
- Department of Graduate SchoolAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiAnhuiPR China
- Department of BurnsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiPR China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Le Qiu
- Department of BurnsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiPR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of BurnsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiPR China
| | - Xu‐Lin Chen
- Department of BurnsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiPR China
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Liu H, Guo D, Wang J, Zhang W, Zhu Z, Zhu K, Bi S, Pan P, Liang G. Aloe-emodin from Sanhua Decoction inhibits neuroinflammation by regulating microglia polarization after subarachnoid hemorrhage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117583. [PMID: 38122912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) triggers a cascade of events that lead to early brain injury (EBI), which contributes to poor outcomes and appears within 3 days after SAH initiation. EBI involves multiple process including neuronal death, blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury and inflammation response. Microglia are cluster of immune cells originating in the brain which respond to SAH by changing their states and releasing inflammatory molecules through various signaling pathways. M0, M1, M2 are three states of microglia represent resting state, promoting inflammation state, and anti-inflammation state respectively, which can be modulated by pharmacological strategies. AIM OF THE STUDY After identified potential active ingredients and targets of Sanhua Decoction (SHD) for SAH, we selected aloe-emodin (AE) as a potential ingredient modulating microglia activation states. MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular mechanisms, targets and pathways of SHD were reveal by network pharmacology technique. The effects of AE on SAH were evaluated in vivo by assessing neurological deficits, neuronal apoptosis and BBB integrity in a mouse SAH model. Furthermore, BV-2 cells were used to examine the effects of AE on microglial polarization. The influence of AE on microglia transformation was measured by Iba-1, TNF-α, CD68, Arg-1 and CD206 staining. The signal pathways of neuronal apoptosis and microglia polarization was measured by Western blot. RESULTS Network pharmacology identified potential active ingredients and targets of SHD for SAH. And AE is one of the active ingredients. We also confirmed that AE via NF-κB and PKA/CREB pathway inhibited the microglia activation and promoted transformation from M1 phenotype to M2 at EBI stage after SAH. CONCLUSIONS AE, as one ingredient of SHD, can alleviate the inflammatory response and protecting neurons from SAH-induced injury. AE has potential value for treating SAH-induced nerve injury and is expected to be applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of First Outpatients, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zechao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Kunyuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Shijun Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengyu Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhuo X, Yu L, Han T, Song Y, Gai C, Zou Y, Meng Q, Chai X, Zhao Q. Total synthesis and structural modification of the dibenzylbutane lignan LCA as a potent anti-inflammatory agent against LPS-induced acute lung injury. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116272. [PMID: 38402749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious public health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, few efficacious drugs are clinically available. Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines is considered to be a promising method for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Herein, the total synthesis of a dibenzylbutane lignan, 9'-O-di-(E)-feruloyl-meso-5,5'-dimethoxysecoisolariciresinol (LCA), was completed. A series of LCA derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated. Derivative 14r significantly inhibited LPS-induced expression of NO and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells and inhibited activation of the NF-κB pathway. Compound 14r reduced LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation and ALI in mice. It showed significant protective effects against LPS-induced ALI in mice and significantly reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The ratio of wet weight to dry weight of lung tissue was normalized by compound 14r, which was consistent with suppression of neutrophil infiltration and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Compound 14r reduced the mRNA expression of some proinflammatory cytokines, improved histopathologic changes, and reduced macrophage infiltration in lung tissues. Collectively, these results suggest a new series of LCA derivatives that could be promising anti-inflammatory agents for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhuo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Luyao Yu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Song
- Navy Medical Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Conghao Gai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Chen Y, Wang X, Min J, Zheng J, Tang X, Zhu X, Yu D, Jin D. Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Verification to Reveal the Mitophagy-Associated Mechanism of Tangshen Formula in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:739-757. [PMID: 38375488 PMCID: PMC10874885 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s443352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the mechanism of TSF in treating DN through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. Methods To identify critical active ingredients, targets, and DN genes in TSF, multiple databases were utilized for screening purposes. The drug-compound-target network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software for network topological analysis. The protein interaction relationship was analyzed using the String database platform. Metascape database conducted enrichment analysis on the key targets using Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The renoprotective effect was evaluated using a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy (db/db mice) that occurred spontaneously. Validation of the associated targets and pathways was performed using Western Blot (WB), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Immunohistochemical methods (IHC). Results The network analysis showed that the TSF pathway network targeted 24 important targets and 149 significant pathways. TSF might have an impact by focusing on essential objectives such as TP53, PTEN, AKT1, BCL2, BCL2L1, PINK-1, PARKIN, LC3B, and NFE2L2, along with various growth-inducing routes. Our findings demonstrated that TSF effectively repaired the structure of mitochondria in db/db mice. TSF greatly enhanced the mRNA levels of PINK-1. WB and IHC findings indicated that TSF had a notable impact on activating the PINK-1/PARKIN signaling pathway in db/db mice, significantly increasing LC3 and NRF2 expression. Conclusion Our results indicate that TSF effectively addresses DN by activating the PINK-1/PARKIN signaling pathway and enhancing Mitochondrion structure in experimental diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanli Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongrong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310007, People’s Republic of China
| | - De Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310007, People’s Republic of China
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Chau TP, Samdani MS, Kuriakose LL, Sindhu R. Assessment of multi-biomedical efficiency of Andrographis paniculata shoot extracts through in-vitro analysis and major compound identification. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117779. [PMID: 38029817 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation looked into the various biomedical potentials of Andrographis paniculata shoot extracts. The results showed that the methanol extract (Met-E) of A. paniculata contains more phytochemicals than the acetone and petroleum ether extracts, including alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, phytosterol, steroids, and protein. Accordingly, the Met-E alone showed considerable bactericidal activity (through agar well diffusion method) against the bacterial pathogens namely Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphlococcus aureus, E. coli, and B. subtilis. This bactericidal activity was found as dose dependent manner, since at 1000 μg ml concentration, the Met-E showed better antibacterial activity. Similarly, at increased concentration (1000 μg ml) it showed notable antidiabetic (α-amylase inhibition: 74.31% and α-glucosidase inhibition: 72.34%), antioxidant (DPPH: 78.24%), and anti-inflammatory (albumin denaturation inhibition: 79.84% and lipoxigenase inhibition: 69.4%) activities. The phytochemical profiling of Met-E was characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The results showed the Met-E contain bioactive compounds such as gallic acid, epicatechin, catechin, naringin, vitexin-2-rhamnoside, taxifolin, kaempferol, hesperidin, myricetin, rutin, quercetin, phloretin, and ursolic acid compounds. While most of these substances have been recognised for their pharmacological application perspective, the biological properties of particular substances must be studied in the future using in-vivo strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Phat Chau
- Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | | | - Laya Liz Kuriakose
- Department of Food Technology, TKM Institute of Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, TKM Institute of Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India.
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Lai J, Liu X, Su H, Zhu Y, Xin K, Huang M, Luo S, Tang H. Emodin inhibits bladder inflammation and fibrosis in mice with interstitial cystitis by regulating JMJD3. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e385123. [PMID: 38055393 DOI: 10.1590/acb385123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a devastating urological chronic pelvic pain condition. In search of a potential treatment, we investigated the effect of emodin on IC/BPS inflammation and fibrosis, and explore the potential mechanism. METHODS An experimental model of interstitial cystitis was induced by cyclophosphamide, and human bladder smooth muscle cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide to establish the cell model in vitro. In both models, inflammation- and fibrosis-related indexes were measured after emodin administration. Furthermore, the specific antagonists were used to dig for the mechanisms underlying the response to emodin treatment. RESULTS Emodin significantly ameliorated management of cystitis, reduced the amount of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and interleukin-6) in models, as well as reducing the synthesis of fibrosis marker including collagen1, collagen3, vimentin, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin. Further mechanism studies demonstrated that emodin inhibited inflammatory reaction and fibrosis through blocking lysine-specific demethylase 6B (JMJD3) expression via JAK/STAT, NF-κB and TGF-β/SMAD pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the critical role of emodin-JMJD3 signaling in interstitial cystitis by regulating inflammation, fibrosis, and extracellular matrix deposition in cells and tissues, and these findings provide an avenue for effective treatment of patients with cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Lai
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated TCM Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
| | - Xing Liu
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
| | - Hongwei Su
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated TCM Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated TCM Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
| | - Ke Xin
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
| | - Mingwei Huang
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated TCM Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
| | - Songtao Luo
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated TCM Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
| | - Hai Tang
- Southwest Medical University - Affiliated TCM Hospital - Department of Urology - Luzhou (Sichuan) - China
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11
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Xia W, Li S, Li L, Zhang S, Wang X, Ding W, Ding L, Zhang X, Wang Z. Role of anthraquinones in combating insulin resistance. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1275430. [PMID: 38053837 PMCID: PMC10694622 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1275430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance presents a formidable public health challenge that is intricately linked to the onset and progression of various chronic ailments, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Effectively addressing insulin resistance is paramount in preventing and managing these metabolic disorders. Natural herbal remedies show promise in combating insulin resistance, with anthraquinone extracts garnering attention for their role in enhancing insulin sensitivity and treating diabetes. Anthraquinones are believed to ameliorate insulin resistance through diverse pathways, encompassing activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, restoration of insulin signal transduction, attenuation of inflammatory pathways, and modulation of gut microbiota. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate the potential anthraquinone compounds that exert beneficial effects on insulin resistance, elucidating the underlying mechanisms responsible for their therapeutic impact. The evidence discussed in this review points toward the potential utilization of anthraquinones as a promising therapeutic strategy to combat insulin resistance and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanru Xia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuqian Li
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - LinZehao Li
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenyu Ding
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Ding
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiandang Zhang
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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12
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Zhu M, He Q, Wang Y, Duan L, Rong K, Wu Y, Ding Y, Mi Y, Ge X, Yang X, Yu Y. Exploring the mechanism of aloe-emodin in the treatment of liver cancer through network pharmacology and cell experiments. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1238841. [PMID: 37900162 PMCID: PMC10600456 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1238841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Aloe-emodin (AE) is an anthraquinone compound extracted from the rhizome of the natural plant rhubarb. Initially, it was shown that AE exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. Further studies revealed its antitumor activity against various types of cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying these properties remain unclear. Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, this study investigated the molecular mechanism of AE in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and evaluated its therapeutic effect through in vitro experiments. Methods: CTD, Pharmmapper, SuperPred and TargetNet were the databases to obtain potential drug-related targets. DisGenet, GeneCards, OMIM and TTD were used to identify potential disease-related targets. Intersection genes for drugs and diseases were obtained through the Venn diagram. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of intersecting genes were conducted by the website of Bioinformatics. Intersection genes were introduced into STRING to construct a protein-protein interaction network, while the Cytoscape3.9.1 software was used to visualize and analyze the core targets. AutoDock4.2.6 was utilized to achieve molecular docking between drug and core targets. In vitro experiments investigated the therapeutic effects and related mechanisms of AE. Results: 63 overlapped genes were obtained and GO analysis generated 3,646 entries by these 63 intersecting genes. KEGG analysis mainly involved apoptosis, proteoglycans in cancer, TNF signaling pathway, TP53 signaling pathway, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, etc. AKT1, EGFR, ESR1, TP53, and SRC have been identified as core targets because the binding energies of them between aloe-emodin were less than -5 kcal/Mol.The mRNA and protein expression, prognosis, mutation status, and immune infiltration related to core targets were further revealed. The involvement of AKT1 and EGFR, as well as the key target of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, indicated the importance of this signaling pathway in the treatment of HCC using AE. The results of the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow analysis demonstrated the therapeutic effect of AE. The downregulation of EGFR, PI3KR1, AKT1, and BCL2 in mRNA expression and PI3KR1, AKT,p-AKT in protein expression confirmed our hypothesis. Conclusion: Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, our study initially showed that AE exerted a therapeutic effect on HCC by modulating multiple signaling pathways. Various analyses confirmed the antiproliferative activity and pro-apoptotic effect of AE on HCC through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. This study revealed the therapeutic mechanism of AE in the treatment of HCC through a novel approach, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingmin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liying Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kang Rong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ye Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaocui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Liudvytska O, Bandyszewska M, Skirecki T, Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk J, Kowalczyk M, Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of extracts from Rheum rhaponticum and Rheum rhabarbarum in human blood plasma and cells in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115111. [PMID: 37421780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheum rhaponticum L. (rhapontic rhubarb) and Rheum rhabarbarum L. (garden rhubarb) are edible and medicinal rhubarb species used for many centuries in traditional medicine. This work is focused on the biological activity of extracts from petioles and roots of R. rhaponticum and R. rhabarbarum as well as rhapontigenin and rhaponticin, typical stilbenes present in these rhubarbs, in a context of their effects on blood physiology and cardiovascular health. Anti-inflammatory properties of the examined substances were evaluated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and THP1-ASC-GFP inflammasome reporter cells. Due to the coexistence of inflammation and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases, the study design included also antioxidant assays. This part of the work involved the assessment of the protective efficiency of the examined substances against the peroxynitrite-triggered damage to human blood plasma components, including fibrinogen, a protein of critical importance for blood clotting and maintaining the haemostatic balance. Pre-incubation of PBMCs with the examined substances (1-50 μg/mL) considerably decreased the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 as well as the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2 and TNF-α) and metalloproteinase-9. A reduced level of secreted apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) specks in the THP-1-ASC-GFP cells was also observed. The examined substances significantly diminished the extent of ONOO‾induced oxidative modifications of blood plasma proteins and lipids and normalized, or even strengthened blood plasma antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, a reduction of oxidative damage to fibrinogen, including modifications of tyrosine and tryptophan residues along with the formation of protein aggregates was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Liudvytska
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Bandyszewska
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Skirecki
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Justyna Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kolodziejczyk-Czepas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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Kuboyama T, Hotta K, Asanuma M, Ge YW, Toume K, Yamazaki T, Komatsu K. Quality assessment of Rheum species cultivated in Japan by focusing on M2 polarization of microglia. J Nat Med 2023; 77:699-711. [PMID: 37347410 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
In traditional Japanese medicine, Rhei Rhizoma is used as a purgative, blood stasis-resolving and antipsychotic drug. The latter two properties are possibly related to anti-inflammatory effects. Microglia regulate inflammation in the central nervous system. M1 microglia induce inflammation, while M2 microglia inhibit inflammation and show neurotrophic effects. This study investigated the effects from water extracts of roots of cultivated Rheum species in Nagano Prefecture, Japan (strain C, a related strain to a Japanese cultivar, 'Shinshu-Daio'; and strain 29, a Chinese strain) and 3 kinds of Rhei Rhizoma available in the Japanese market, and also examined their constituents on the polarization of cultured microglia. All extracts significantly decreased M1 microglia, and strains C and 29 significantly increased M2 microglia. Furthermore, the extracts of both strains significantly increased the M2/M1 ratio. Among the constituents of Rhei Rhizoma, ( +)-catechin (2), resveratrol 4'-O-β-D-(6″-O-galloyl) glucopyranoside (5), isolindleyin (8), and physcion (15) significantly increased the M2/M1 ratio. The contents of the constituents in water extract of each strain were quantified using HPLC. The extracts of strains C and 29 contained relatively large amounts of 2 and 5; and 2, 8, and 15, respectively. This study showed the water extracts of roots of cultivated Rheum strains in Japan had the effects of M2 polarization of microglia, suggesting that these strains become the candidate to develop anti-inflammatory Rhei Rhizoma. Moreover, the suitable chemical composition to possess anti-inflammatory activity in the brain was clarified for the future development of new type of Rhei Rhizoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Kuboyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-Cho, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Hotta
- Section of Pharmacognosy, Division of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mai Asanuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan
| | - Yue-Wei Ge
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kazufumi Toume
- Section of Pharmacognosy, Division of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takuma Yamazaki
- Pharmaceutical Affairs Division, Health and Welfare, Department of Nagano Prefecture, 692-2 Habashita, Minami-Nagano, Nagano, 380-8570, Japan
| | - Katsuko Komatsu
- Section of Pharmacognosy, Division of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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15
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Su J, Chen S, Xiao J, Feng Z, Hu S, Su Q, Chen Q, Chen D. Aloe-Emodin Ameliorates Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11972. [PMID: 37569344 PMCID: PMC10418438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a major challenge owing to its severe adverse effects and high mortality, against which specific pharmacological interventions with high efficacy are limited. Mitigation of hyperactive inflammatory responses is a key factor in enhancing the likelihood of survival in patients with sepsis. The Aloe genus has several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory properties. The toxicological implications of aloe-emodin (AE), extracted from various Aloe species, remain uncertain in clinical contexts. However, AE has been shown to inhibit inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-induced mice, indicating its potential as a therapeutic approach for sepsis treatment. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of data regarding the therapeutic benefits of AE in the widely recognized cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model, which is commonly used as the gold standard model for sepsis research. This study demonstrates the potential benefits of AE in the treatment of CLP-induced sepsis and investigates its underlying mechanism, along with the efficacy of postoperative AE treatment in mice with CLP-induced sepsis. The results of this study suggest that AE can mitigate sepsis in mice by diminishing systemic inflammation and regulating the gut microbiota. The study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Su
- Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.S.); (Z.F.); (S.H.); (Q.S.)
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- The Public Service Platform for Industrialization Development Technology of Marine Biological Medicine and Products of the State Oceanic Administration, Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bioresource Sustainable Utilization, Southern Institute of Oceanography, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (S.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Jianbin Xiao
- The Public Service Platform for Industrialization Development Technology of Marine Biological Medicine and Products of the State Oceanic Administration, Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bioresource Sustainable Utilization, Southern Institute of Oceanography, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (S.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Zhihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.S.); (Z.F.); (S.H.); (Q.S.)
| | - Shan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.S.); (Z.F.); (S.H.); (Q.S.)
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Qiaofen Su
- Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.S.); (Z.F.); (S.H.); (Q.S.)
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.S.); (Z.F.); (S.H.); (Q.S.)
| | - Duo Chen
- The Public Service Platform for Industrialization Development Technology of Marine Biological Medicine and Products of the State Oceanic Administration, Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bioresource Sustainable Utilization, Southern Institute of Oceanography, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (S.C.); (J.X.)
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Zhai L, Yang W, Li D, Zhou W, Cui M, Yao P. Network pharmacology and molecular docking reveal the immunomodulatory mechanism of rhubarb peony decoction for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2023; 26:11225. [PMID: 37305432 PMCID: PMC10248730 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2023.11225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) share various similarities in clinical symptoms, pathogenesis, and treatment. UC concurrent IBS tends toward more severe symptoms and worse prognosis, and promising feasible therapies for the overlapping symptoms remains a challenge. Rhubarb peony decoction (RPD) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely applied in treating UC. RPD may exert extensive therapeutic effects on both IBS and UC. However, the common mechanism of its treatment remains unclear. We aimed to assess the potential pharmacological mechanism of RPD in the treatment of overlapping IBS and UC. Methods: The active components and targets of RPD were retrieved from ETCM, TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, and TCM databases. The disease targets were screened by searching the DrugBank, OMIM, TTD, and PharmGKB databases. PPI network analysis was performed and visualized via the STRING platform and Cytoscape software. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the hub genes of RPD were predicted to elucidate the potential molecular mechanism. Subsequently, molecular docking was carried out to verify the combination of active compounds with core targets. Results: By integrating all targets of RPD and disease, a total of 31 bioactive ingredients were identified including quercetin, kaempferol, aloe-emodin, beta-sitosterol, and (+)-catechin, etc. JUN, TP53, MAPK1, RELA, MYC, and ESR1 were explored as potential therapeutic targets among 126 common drug-disease-related targets. They were enriched in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, as well as the NF-kappa B signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. Additionally, some active ingredients were identified as candidates for binding to the hub targets via molecular docking, further suggesting their anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Conclusion: RPD may exert the overall treatment effect for UC and IBS overlap syndrome via the biological mechanism of "multi-ingredients, multi-targets, and multi-pathways" on inflammation, oxidative stress, immune, oncogenicity, and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhai
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Weiming Yang
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dianrong Li
- Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Liao HH, Livneh H, Lin MC, Lu MC, Lai NS, Yen HR, Tsai TY. Relationship between Chinese Herbal Medicine Use and Risk of Sjögren’s Syndrome in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective, Population-Based, Nested Case-Control Study. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59040683. [PMID: 37109641 PMCID: PMC10144515 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) is a common extra-articular feature among subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used to treat symptoms of RA for many years, few studies have examined its efficacy in guarding against the SS onset. This study aimed to compare risk of SS for RA patients with and without use of CHM. Materials and Methods: Data obtained for this nested case-control study were retrieved from Taiwanese nationwide insurance database from 2000–2013. Cases with SS claims were defined and matched to two randomly selected controls without SS from the recruited RA cohorts. Risk of SS in relation to CHM use was estimated by fitting multiple conditional logistic regression. Results: Patients aged between 20 and 80 years were included and 916 patients with incident SS were matched to 1832 non-SS controls by age, sex and index year. Among them, 28.1% and 48.4% cases ever received CHM therapy, respectively. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, CHM use was found to be related to a lower risk of SS among them (adjusted odds ratio = 0.40, 95% confidence interval: 0.34–0.47). A dose-dependent, reverse association, was further detected between the cumulative duration of CHM use and SS risk. Those receiving CHM therapy for more than 730 days showed a significantly reduced risk of SS by 83%. Conclusions: Findings of this study indicated that the add-on CHM formula, as part of RA care, may be a beneficial treatment for prevention against the incident SS.
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Liudvytska O, Ponczek MB, Ciesielski O, Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk J, Kowalczyk M, Balcerczyk A, Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J. Rheum rhaponticum and Rheum rhabarbarum Extracts as Modulators of Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Response. Nutrients 2023; 15:949. [PMID: 36839307 PMCID: PMC9964395 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and alterations in blood physiology are key factors contributing to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular disorders. Hence, modulation of endothelial function and reducing its pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic activity is considered one of the most important cardioprotective strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of rhubarb extracts isolated from petioles and underground organs of Rheum rhabarbarum L. (garden rhubarb) and R. rhaponticum L. (rhapontic rhubarb) as well as two stilbenoids, typically found in these plants, i.e., rhapontigenin (RHPG) and its glycoside, rhaponticin (RHPT). METHODS Analysis of the anti-inflammatory effects of the indicated rhubarb-derived substances involved different aspects of the endothelial cells' (HUVECs) response: release of the inflammatory mediators; cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) expression as well as the recruitment of leukocytes to the activated HUVECs. The ability of the rhubarb-derived extracts to inhibit COX-2 and 5-LOX activities was examined as well. The study was supplemented with the in silico analysis of major components of the analyzed extracts' interactions with COX-2 and 5-LOX. RESULTS The obtained results indicated that the examined plant extracts and stilbenes possess anti-inflammatory properties and influence the inflammatory response of endothelial cells. Biochemical and in silico tests revealed significant inhibition of COX-2, with special importance of rhaponticin, as a compound abundant in both plant species. In addition to the reduction in COX-2 gene expression and enzyme activity, a decrease in the cytokine level and leukocyte influx was observed. Biochemical tests and computational analyses indicate that some components of rhubarb extracts may act as COX-2 inhibitors, with marginal inhibitory effect on 5-LOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Liudvytska
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał B. Ponczek
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Oskar Ciesielski
- Department of Sociobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Aneta Balcerczyk
- Department of Sociobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kolodziejczyk-Czepas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Multiple Beneficial Effects of Aloesone from Aloe vera on LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells, Including the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, M1 Polarization, and Apoptosis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041617. [PMID: 36838606 PMCID: PMC9960963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloesone is a major metabolic compound in Aloe vera, which has been widely used as a food source and therapeutic agent in several countries. Our recent study demonstrated that aloesone has anti-epileptic effects on glutamate-induced neuronal injury by suppressing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Unless ROS are naturally neutralized by the endogenous antioxidant system, they lead to the activation of inflammation, polarization, and apoptosis. This study aimed to identify the multiple beneficial effects of aloesone and explore its molecular mechanism in macrophages. Hence, the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was pretreated with aloesone and then exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The results demonstrated that aloesone, within a dosage range of 0.1-100 µM, dramatically decreased the LPS-induced elevation of ROS production, reduced nitric oxide (NO) release, inhibited the M1 polarization of RAW264.7 cells, and prevented cells from entering the LPS-induced early and late phases of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneously, aloesone significantly decreased the mRNA expression of inflammation-related genes (iNOS, IL-1ꞵ, TNF-α) and increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes (Gpx-1 and SOD-1). The core genes HSP90AA1, Stat3, Mapk1, mTOR, Fyn, Ptk2b, and Lck were closely related to these beneficial effects of aloesone. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry data confirmed that aloesone significantly repressed the activation of mTOR, p-mTOR, and HIF-1α induced by LPS and inhibited the protein expression of TLR4, which is the target of LPS. In conclusion, aloesone demonstrated multiple protective effects against LPS-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, M1 polarization, and apoptosis in macrophages, suggesting its potential as a prodrug.
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20
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Chrysophanol prevents IL-1β-Induced inflammation and ECM degradation in osteoarthritis via the Sirt6/NF-κB and Nrf2/NF-κB axis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115402. [PMID: 36592706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint illness that negatively impacts people's lives. The main active ingredient of cassia seed or rhubarb is chrysophanol. It has various pharmacological effects including anticancer, anti-diabetes and blood lipid regulation. Previous evidence suggests that chrysophanol has anti-inflammatory properties in various diseases, but its effect on OA has not been investigated yet. In this study, chrysophanol inhibited IL-1β -induced expression of ADAMTS-4, MMP13, COX-2 and iNOS. Meanwhile, it can inhibit aggrecan and collagen degradation in osteoarthritic chondrocytes induced by IL-1β.Further studies depicted that SIRT6 silencing eliminated the chrysophanol effect on IL-1β. The results demonstrated that chrysophanol could stimulate SIRT6 activation and, more importantly, increase SIRT6 levels. We also discovered that chrysophanol might impede the NF-κB pathway of OA mice's chondrocytes induced by IL-1β, which could be because it depends on SIRT6 activation to some extent. It had also been previously covered that chrysophanol could produce a marked effect on Nrf2/NF-κB axis [1]. Therefore, we can infer that chrysophanol may benefit chondrocytes by regulating the SIRT6/NF-κB and Nrf2/NF-κB signaling axis.We examined the anti-inflammatory mechanism and the impact of chrysophanol on mice in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we declare that chrysophanol diminishes the inflammatory reaction of OA in mice in vitro by regulating SIRT6/NF-κB and Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway and protects articular cartilage from degradation in vivo. We can infer that chrysophanol could be an efficient therapy for OA.
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21
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Synergistic Inhibiting Effect of Phytochemicals in Rheum palmatum on Tyrosinase Based on Metabolomics and Isobologram Analyses. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030944. [PMID: 36770612 PMCID: PMC9919157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) plays a key role in the enzymatic reaction that is responsible for a range of unwanted discoloration effects, such as food browning and skin hyperpigmentation. TYR inhibitors could, therefore, be candidates for skin care products that aim to repair pigmentation problems. In this study, we used a metabolomics approach combined with the isobologram analysis to identify anti-TYR compounds within natural resources, and evaluate their possible synergism with each other. Rheum palmatum was determined to be a model plant for observing the effect, of which seven extracts with diverse phytochemicals were prepared by way of pressurized solvent extraction. Each Rheum palmatum extract (RPE) was profiled using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its activity of tyrosinase inhibition was evaluated. According to the orthogonal partial least square analysis used to correlate phytochemicals in RPE with the corresponding activity, the goodness of fit of the model (R2 = 0.838) and its predictive ability (Q2 = 0.711) were high. Gallic acid and catechin were identified as the active compounds most relevant to the anti-TYR effect of RPE. Subsequently, the activity of gallic acid and catechin were evaluated individually, and when combined in various ratios by using isobologram analysis. The results showed that gallic acid and catechin in the molar ratios of 9:5 and 9:1 exhibited a synergistic inhibition on TYR, with a combination index lower than 0.77, suggesting that certain combinations of these compounds may prove effective for use in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries.
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22
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Régnier M, Van Hul M, Roumain M, Paquot A, de Wouters d’Oplinter A, Suriano F, Everard A, Delzenne NM, Muccioli GG, Cani PD. Inulin increases the beneficial effects of rhubarb supplementation on high-fat high-sugar diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice: impact on energy expenditure, brown adipose tissue activity, and microbiota. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2178796. [PMID: 36803220 PMCID: PMC9980659 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2178796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of prebiotics and plant-based compounds have many beneficial health effects through modulation of gut microbiota composition and are considered as promising nutritional strategy for the treatment of metabolic diseases. In the present study, we assessed the separated and combined effects of inulin and rhubarb on diet-induced metabolic disease in mice. We showed that supplementation with both inulin and rhubarb abolished the total body and fat mass gain upon high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHS) as well as several obesity-associated metabolic disorders. These effects were associated with increased energy expenditure, lower whitening of the brown adipose tissue, higher mitochondria activity and increased expression of lipolytic markers in white adipose tissue. Despite modifications of intestinal gut microbiota and bile acid compositions by inulin or rhubarb alone, combination of both inulin and rhubarb had minor additional impact on these parameters. However, the combination of inulin and rhubarb increased the expression of several antimicrobial peptides and higher goblet cell numbers, thereby suggesting a reinforcement of the gut barrier. Together, these results suggest that the combination of inulin and rhubarb in mice potentiates beneficial effects of separated rhubarb and inulin on HFHS-related metabolic disease and could be considered as nutritional strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Régnier
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,WELBIO asbl, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Wavre, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,WELBIO asbl, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Wavre, Belgium
| | - Martin Roumain
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group (BPBL), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrien Paquot
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group (BPBL), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alice de Wouters d’Oplinter
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,WELBIO asbl, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Wavre, Belgium
| | - Francesco Suriano
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,WELBIO asbl, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Wavre, Belgium,current address: Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amandine Everard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,WELBIO asbl, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Wavre, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G. Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group (BPBL), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,WELBIO asbl, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Wavre, Belgium,CONTACT Patrice D. Cani LDRI, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Av. E. Mounier, 73 box B1.73.11, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
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23
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Fan L, Feng S, Wang T, Ding X, An X, Wang Z, Zhou K, Wang M, Zhai X, Li Y. Chemical composition and therapeutic mechanism of Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction in the treatment of COVID-19 by network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamic analysis. Mol Divers 2023; 27:81-102. [PMID: 35258759 PMCID: PMC8902854 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction (XBCQD), a classic traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat COVID-19 in China with remarkable curative effect. However, the chemical composition and potential therapeutic mechanism is still unknown. Here, we used multiple open-source databases and literature mining to select compounds and potential targets for XBCQD. The COVID-19 related targets were collected from GeneCards and NCBI gene databases. After identifying putative targets of XBCQD for the treatment of COVID-19, PPI network was constructed by STRING database. The hub targets were extracted by Cytoscape 3.7.2 and MCODE analysis was carried out to extract modules in the PPI network. R 3.6.3 was used for GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis. The effective compounds were obtained via network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis. Drug-likeness analysis and ADMET assessments were performed to select core compounds. Moreover, interactions between core compounds and hub targets were investigated through molecular docking, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and MM-PBSA calculations. As a result, we collected 638 targets from 61 compounds of XBCQD and 845 COVID-19 related targets, of which 79 were putative targets. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, 10 core compounds and 34 hub targets of XBCQD for the treatment of COVID-19 were successfully screened. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG indicated that XBCQD mainly exerted therapeutic effects on COVID-19 by regulating signal pathways related to viral infection and inflammatory response. Meanwhile, the results of molecular docking showed that there was a stable binding between the core compounds and hub targets. Moreover, MD simulations and MM-PBSA analyses revealed that these compounds exhibited stable conformations and interacted well with hub targets during the simulations. In conclusion, our research comprehensively explained the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway intervention mechanism of XBCQD in the treatment of COVID-19, which provided evidence and new insights for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Fan
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Shuai Feng
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Ting Wang
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Xinli Ding
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Xinxin An
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Kun Zhou
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Minjuan Wang
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Xifeng Zhai
- grid.508540.c0000 0004 4914 235XSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Yang Li
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
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Suzuki S, Obara T, Ishikawa T, Noda A, Matsuzaki F, Arita R, Ohsawa M, Mano N, Kikuchi A, Takayama S, Ishii T. No association between major congenital malformations and exposure to Kampo medicines containing rhubarb rhizome: A Japanese database study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1107494. [PMID: 37033629 PMCID: PMC10073577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1107494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicines containing rhubarb rhizome are prescribed for constipation during pregnancy; however, detailed safety information of their use for pregnant women is lacking. The aim of current study was to clarify the association between prescription Kampo-containing rhubarb rhizome (KRR) in the first trimester of pregnancy and congenital malformations in newborns. Using a large Japanese health insurance claims database, we included pregnant women who enrolled the same health insurance society from 3 months before pregnancy to the delivery date, who gave birth between 2010 and 2019, and those with data related to their infants. Pregnant women who were prescribed magnesium oxide (MgO), commonly used for constipation, during the first trimester of pregnancy and their infants were extracted as controls. Associations between KRR prescribed in the first pregnancy trimester and major congenital malformations (MCM) in the infants were examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Of 75,398 infants, 4,607 (6.1%) were diagnosed with MCMs within the first year after birth. Furthermore, 9,852 infants were born to women prescribed MgO, among whom 680 (6.9%) had MCMs; 450 infants were born to women prescribed KRR, among whom 28 (6.2%) had MCMs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified no difference in MCM risk between the two types of prescriptions [crude odds ratio (OR) 0.895, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.606-1.322, adjusted OR 0.889, 95% CI 0.599-1.320]. In conclusion, the risk of MCMs did not differ between those prescribed KRR or MgO in the first trimester of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Suzuki
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aoi Noda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiko Matsuzaki
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Arita
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Minoru Ohsawa
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiko Kikuchi
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Takayama
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shin Takayama,
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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Lu J, Tang X, Zhang D, Lan T, Huang Q, Xu P, Liu M, Liu L, Wang J. Didang Tang inhibits intracerebral hemorrhage-induced neuronal injury via ASK1/MKK7/JNK signaling pathway, network pharmacology-based analyses combined with experimental validation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11407. [PMID: 36387497 PMCID: PMC9647469 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an acute cerebrovascular disease, which is also a principal consideration for disability. Didang tang (DDT) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating ICH. However, its pharmacological mechanism of action has not been elucidated. Materials and methods The TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases were used to collect chemical compounds and predict targets of DDT. Protein targets in ICH were identified by GeneCards, OMIM, and DrugBank databases. DDT compounds-ICH targets and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed for topological analysis and hub-targets screening. Further, Key biological processes and signaling pathways were identified by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Then, an ICH rat model and a Cobaltous Chloride (CoCl2)-induced PC12 cells model were established. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were detected using cck8 and LDH kits. Apoptosis levels were detected by TUNEL assessment and flow cytometry. IL-1β levels were detected by ELISA, while key protein expressions were determined by Western blot. Results A total of 126 active compounds related to DDT and 3,263 therapeutic targets for ICH were predicted. The functional enrichment of the GO and KEGG pathways combined with literature studies suggested that DDT is most likely to influence MAPK and apoptotic signaling pathways for ICH treatment. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that DDT remarkably inhibited apoptosis and increased the expression of Bcl-2, while inhibiting Bax and cleaved-Caspase 3. For other enriched core proteins, DDT suppressed the phosphorylation of Src and the expression of c-Myc and IL-1β, and up-regulated the level of MMP-9. The further results showed that, DDT decreased the phosphorylation of ASK1, MKK7, JNK and c-JUN. Conclusion Based on network pharmacology and experimental validation results, our in vivo and in vitro study indicated that ASK1/MKK7/JNK pathway might be the critical target for DDT against ICH.
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The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Aloe-Emodin-Coumarin Hybrids as Potential Antitumor Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196153. [PMID: 36234685 PMCID: PMC9571363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel aloe-emodin–coumarin hybrids were designed and synthesized. The antitumor activity of these derivatives was evaluated against five human tumor cell lines (A549, SGC-7901, HepG2, MCF-7 and HCT-8). Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to good activity against one or more cell lines. Particularly, compound 5d exhibited more potent antiproliferative activity than the reference drug etoposide against all tested tumor cell lines, indicating that it had a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and that it may provide a promising lead compound for further development as an antitumor agent by structural modification. Furthermore, the structure–activity relationship study of the synthesized compounds was also performed.
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Chew YL, Khor MA, Xu Z, Lee SK, Keng JW, Sang SH, Akowuah GA, Goh KW, Liew KB, Ming LC. Cassia alata, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa and Azadirachta indica: Food Ingredients as Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Atopic Dermatitis-A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175475. [PMID: 36080243 PMCID: PMC9457827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine is critical in disease treatment and management. Herbs are gaining popularity for disease management and treatment. Therefore, they can be utilised as complementary and alternative treatment (CAT) ingredients. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the common non-communicable diseases. It is characterised by chronic inflammatory skin disease with intense pruritus and eczematous lesions. AD is associated with oxidative stress, microbial infection, and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Both children and adults could be affected by this skin disorder. The prevalence of AD is increasing along with the country’s level of development. This review revisited the literature on four medicinal herbs widely used as complementary medicine to manage AD. These therapeutic herbs are commonly eaten as food and used as spices in Asian cuisine. The four food herbs reviewed are Cassia alata, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa Linn, and Azadirachta indica. Their traditional uses and phytochemical content will be covered. Four relevant pharmacological and biological activities of the plants crucial in AD management have been reviewed and discussed, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, and wound recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik-Ling Chew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +603-9101-8880; Fax: +603-9102-3606
| | - Mei-Ann Khor
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Zhao Xu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Kei Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jing-Wen Keng
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Huey Sang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71809, Malaysia
| | - Kai Bin Liew
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
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KURT Ö. Olgunlaşma Döneminin Rheum ribes L.’nin Potansiyel Besleme Değerine Etkisi. ULUSLARARASI TARIM VE YABAN HAYATI BILIMLERI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.24180/ijaws.1118046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı Rheum ribes L. ‘nin farklı olgunlaşma dönemlerinin kimyasal bileşiminine, kondanse tanen (KT) içeriğine, gaz ve metan üretimine, metabolik enerji (ME) ve organik madde sindirim derecesine (OMSD) etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Olgunlaşma dönemi kimyasal bileşimi, KT içeriğini, gaz ve metan üretimini, ME ve OMSD önemli derecede etkilemiştir (P<0.05). Rheum ribes L.’nin kuru madde (KM), ham kül (HK), ham protein (HP), ham yağ (HY), KT, asit çözücülerde çözünmeyen lifli bileşikler (ADF), nötr çözücülerde çözünmeyen lifli bileşikleri (NDF) sırasıyla 92.73-98.64%, 6.11-14.15%, 8.81-19.12%, 1.94-3.04%, 10.47-14.72%, 36.99-53.98% and 24.88-37.63% aralıklarında belirlenmiştir. Rheum ribes L.’nin 24 saatlik gaz üretimi, metan üretimi 29.73-40.60 ml ve 2.63-5.50 ml aralığında belirlenmiştir. ME ve OMSD 6.97-9.87 MJ kg-1 KM ve 45.68-60.02% aralığında belirlenmiştir. Özet olarak olgunlaşma dönemi Rheum ribes L.’nin besleme değerini önemli ölçide etkilemiştir. Rheum ribes L. ‘nin özellikle HP, ME, OMSD olgunlaşma dönemi ilerledikçe azalmıştır. Rheum ribes L.’nin gaz üretimi, ME ve OMSD, ADF ve NDF içeriği ile önemli ve negatif korelasyon göstermiş, ham protein içeriği ile pozitif korelasyon sergilemiştir. Ek olarak Rheum ribes L.’nin ruminant hayvanların performansı ve besleme değerinin belirlenebilmesi için in vivo çalışmalara da ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
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Aloe-Emodin Suppresses Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via a PI3K-Dependent Mechanism in a Murine Model of Sepsis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9697887. [PMID: 35978995 PMCID: PMC9377882 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9697887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was designed to assess the impact of aloe-emodin (AE) on oxidative stress and inflammation in a murine model of LPS-induced sepsis. In addition, the mechanistic basis for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity was assessed. Methods Male ICR mice received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg), and the preventive properties of AE (80 or 150 mg/kg) on these mice were assessed by monitoring spleen index, and levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related factors. Peripheral blood TNF-α and IL-6 levels were assessed via ELISA kits, while changes in hepatic SOD and GSH-Px levels were assessed using appropriate biochemical kits. Splenic PI3K, AKT, and mTOR levels were assessed via qPCR and western blotting. Results Relative to animals in the LPS model group, those in the AE treatment groups exhibited reduced spleen index, decreased inflammatory cytokine levels, and improved SOD and GSH-Px activity in liver tissues. Splenic PI3K, Akt, and mTOR levels were also reduced in response to AE treatment. Conclusions These findings indicated that AE can alleviate sepsis-related tissue damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress, at least in part by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These results offer a clinical basis for the use of AE to treat sepsis and associated diseases.
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Effects of Anthraquinones on Immune Responses and Inflammatory Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123831. [PMID: 35744949 PMCID: PMC9230691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The anthraquinones (AQs) and derivatives are widely distributed in nature, including plants, fungi, and insects, with effects of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation, antibacterial and antiviral, anti-osteoporosis, anti-tumor, etc. Inflammation, including acute and chronic, is a comprehensive response to foreign pathogens under a variety of physiological and pathological processes. AQs could attenuate symptoms and tissue damages through anti-inflammatory or immuno-modulatory effects. The review aims to provide a scientific summary of AQs on immune responses under different pathological conditions, such as digestive diseases, respiratory diseases, central nervous system diseases, etc. It is hoped that the present paper will provide ideas for future studies of the immuno-regulatory effect of AQs and the therapeutic potential for drug development and clinical use of AQs and derivatives.
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Design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of aloe-emodin derivatives as potential modulators of Akt, NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tang X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Li X, Zhao H, Cui H, Shi Y, Chen Y, Xu H, Meng Z, Zhao L, Chen H, Wang Z, Zhu M, Lin Y, Yang B, Zhang Y. Aloe-emodin derivative produces anti-atherosclerosis effect by reinforcing AMBRA1-mediated endothelial autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 916:174641. [PMID: 34800465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of high lethality associated with endothelial dysfunction. Due to the pathophysiological complexity and our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms for the development and progression of atherosclerosis, effective means for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis still need further exploration. This study was designed to investigate the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of aloe-emodin derivative (AED) on atherosclerosis. High fat diet (HFD) treated ApoE-/- mice were used as an animal model of atherosclerosis. Intragastric administration of aloe-emodin (AE) or AED for 12 weeks markedly reduced the atherosclerotic plaque in aorta with decreased plaque area, lipid accumulation, macrophage infiltration, collagen content and metabolic abnormalities. By comparison, AED produced more potent anti-atherosclerosis effects than AE at the same dose. AED enhanced production of autophagy flux in cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Moreover, AED increased the expression of activating molecule in Beclin1-regulated autophagy 1 (AMBRA1), a key protein involved in autophagosome formation. Furthermore, knockdown of AMBRA1 blocked the promotion effect of AED on autophagy in HAECs. Taken together, AED facilitates endothelial autophagy via AMBRA1 during the progression of atherosclerosis, suggesting the potential application of this compound for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Tang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hongrui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yongchao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Honglin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ziyu Meng
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Limin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zhixia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Mengying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China; Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU070, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Melbourne School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China; Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, PR China; Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU070, PR China.
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Ahamad S, Mathew S, Khan WA, Mohanan K. Development of small-molecule PCSK9 inhibitors for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1332-1349. [PMID: 35121175 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
When secreted into the circulation, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) blocks the low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDL-R) and, as a consequence, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels increase. Therefore, PCSK9 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for lowering LDL-C levels and preventing atherosclerosis. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against PCSK9, but the expensive manufacturing process limits their use. Subsequently, there have been tremendous efforts to develop cost-effective small molecules specific to PCSK9 over the past few years. These small molecules are promising therapeutics that act by preventing the synthesis of PCSK9, its secretion from cells, or the PCSK9-LDRL interaction. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the discovery of small-molecule PCSK9 inhibitors, focusing on their design, therapeutic effects, specific targets, and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India.
| | - Shintu Mathew
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, 226031 UP, India
| | - Waqas A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India
| | - Kishor Mohanan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, 226031 UP, India.
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Shahrajabian MH, Sun W, Cheng Q. Wonderful Natural Drugs with Surprising Nutritional Values, Rheum Species, Gifts of the Nature. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178619666220112115918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Nutrition therapy on the basis of traditional medicinal plants and herbs is common in many Asian countries, especially Iran and China. Rheum species, especially rhubarbs, belong to plant medicines recognized in 2500 BC. An online search of the literature was carried out at Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, and Google scholar, covering all years until April 2021. The following key terms were used, usually in combinations: Rheum species, rhubarb, natural products, pharmaceutical benefits, anthraquinones and anthranone. After performing the literature search, the bibliographies of all articles were checked for cross-references that were not found in the search databases. Articles were selected if they reported any biological effects, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical compounds and botanical description of Rheum species. The most important components of rhubarb are anthraquinones, anthranone, stilbenes, tannins and butyrophenones. Anthraquinones consist of rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin and chrysophanl, and anthranone includes sennosides and rheinosides. The most important health benefits of rhubarb are antioxidant and anticancer activities, antimicrobial activity, wound healing action, hepatoprotective and anti-diabetic effects, and nephroprotective effect, as well as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial activities. Integration of both traditional pharmaceutical science and modern medicines may promote sustainability, lead to organic life and promote the cultivation of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenli Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- tate Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China; Global Alliance of HeBAU-CLS&HeQiS for BioAl-Manufacturing, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
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Chitsaz R, Zarezadeh A, Asgarpanah J, Najafizadeh P, Mousavi Z. Rubiadin exerts an acute and chronic anti-inflammatory effect in rodents. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e243775. [PMID: 34909834 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubiadin is identified as a bioactive anthraquinone that exists in some quinone rich plants. The current research was carried out to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory impact of Rubiadin in acute and chronic inflammation test models in rodents. The anti-inflammatory activity of Rubiadin was examined in cotton pellet-induced granuloma and carrageenan-induced edema as chronic and acute inflammation models in rats. TNF-α level and histopathological changes were assessed using sampled foot tissue of rat in the acute model. Also, the IL-1β level was assessed in the chronic model. One-way ANOVA (post hoc Tukey's) analysis was used for comparing the groups. Rubiadin (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) induced a significant reduction in TNF α level and the paw edema compared to the control group in carrageenan test. Also, it was observed that the anti-inflammatory activity of Rubiadin (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) is comparable to mefenamic acid (30 mg/kg, i.p.) as the standard drug. Rubiadin was effective in granuloma induced by cotton pellet concerning the granuloma and transudate formation amount. Rubiadin's anti-inflammatory effects were associated with a significant IL-1β decrease in this model. The results suggest that Rubiadin as a natural compound can possess significant peripheral anti-inflammatory impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Chitsaz
- Islamic Azad University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Zarezadeh
- Islamic Azad University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jinous Asgarpanah
- Islamic Azad University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Najafizadeh
- Islamic Azad University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tehran, Iran.,Iran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Islamic Azad University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tehran, Iran
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Mei J, Yang L, Wang D, Wang H. Efficacy and safety of Shenkang injection in the treatment of chronic renal failure: A protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27748. [PMID: 35049168 PMCID: PMC9191390 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the final outcome of the development of multiple kidney diseases, and there is no effective method at home and abroad. Traditional Chinese medicine is found to play a major role in the treatment of the non-replacement stage of CRF. Shenkang injection can not only nourish the kidney, but also promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, which is suitable for the treatment of CRF. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of Shenkang injection for CRF and provide evidence for clinical practice. METHODS This was a prospective randomized controlled trial. One hundred four patients with CRF were randomly divided into treatment groups and control groups according to 1:1, with 52 patients in each group. The control group received basic treatment of western medicine and the treatment group was given Shenkang injection intravenously on the basis of control group. Both groups were given standard treatment for 4 weeks with concurrent follow-up for 1 month. The outcome indicators included: total efficiency, symptom scores, creatinine clearance rate, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, CystatinC, liver function, blood routine, urine routine, incidence of adverse reactions, etc. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software. DISCUSSION This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shenkang injection for CRF, and the results of this trial will provide clinical evidence for the treatment of CRF. TRIAL REGISTRATION OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/K9C5T.
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Feng B, Zhao X, Zhao W, Jiang H, Ren Z, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Du Z. Ethyl 2-Succinate-Anthraquinone Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress via Regulating NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719822. [PMID: 34819853 PMCID: PMC8607229 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe-emodin widely possesses antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-infectious properties. This study investigated the effect of ethyl 2-succinate-anthraquinone (Luhui derivative, LHD) on inflammation. In vitro, a THP-1 macrophage inflammation model, made by 100 ng/ml phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and 1 μg/ml LPS for 24 h, was constructed. The LHD group (6.25 μmol/L, 12.5 μmol/L, 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L) had no effect on THP-1 cell activity, and the expression of IL-6 mRNA was down-regulated in a concentration-dependent manner, of which the 25 μmol/L group had the best inhibitory effect. The migration of THP-1 macrophages induced by LPS was decreased by the LHD. Moreover, the LHD suppressed ROS fluorescence expression by inhibiting MDA expression and increasing SOD activity. In vivo, we revealed that the LHD, in different doses (6.25 mg/kg, 12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg), has a protective effect on stress physiological responses by assessing the body temperature of mice. Interestingly, acute lung injury (e.g., the structure of the alveoli disappeared and capillaries in the alveolar wall were dilated and congested) and liver damage (e.g., hepatocyte swelling, neutrophil infiltration, and hepatocyte apoptosis) were obviously improved at the same condition. Furthermore, we initially confirmed that the LHD can down-regulate the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, and caspase-1 proteins, thereby mediating the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway to produce anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, our results indicate that the LHD exerts anti-inflammatory activity via regulating the NLRP3 signaling pathway, inhibition of oxidative stress, and THP-1 macrophage migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burong Feng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuye Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huiwei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zijing Ren
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingfu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Hu M, Lin L, Liu J, Zhong Y, Liang B, Huang Y, Li Z, Lin X, Wang B, Zhang B, Meng H, Ye R, Du J, Dai M, Peng Y, Li H, Wu Q, Gao H, Yang X, Huang Z. Aurantio-obtusin induces hepatotoxicity through activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Toxicol Lett 2021; 354:1-13. [PMID: 34718095 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Aurantio-obtusin (AO) is a major anthraquinone (AQ) compound derived from Cassiae semen (CS). Although pharmacological studies have shown that the CS extracts can serve as effective agents in preclinical and clinical practice, AQ-induced hepatotoxicity in humans has attracted widespread attention. To explore whether AO induces hepatotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms, we exposed larval zebrafish and mice to AO. We found that AO delayed yolk sac absorption, and increased liver area and inflammation in the larval zebrafish. This inflammation was manifested as an increase in liver neutrophils and the up-regulated mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (Il-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α) in the larval zebrafish. Furthermore, a pharmacokinetics study showed that AO was quickly absorbed into the blood and rapidly metabolized in the mice. Of note, AO induced hepatotoxicity in a gender-dependent manner, characterized by liver dysfunction, increased hepatocyte necrosis with inflammatory infiltration, and up-regulated mRNAs of Il-6, Tnf-α and monocyte chemotactic protein 1(Mcp1) in the female mice after 28-day oral administration. It also highlighted that AO triggered NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP) signaling in the female mice, as evidenced by the increased NLRP3, Caspase-1, pro-IL-1β, IL-1β and IL-18. Finally, we found that AO led to a significant increase in potassium calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 4 (KCNN4) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, along with decreased nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), in the female mouse livers. In conclusion, AO induced hepatotoxicity by activating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, at least in part, through increased KCNN4 and ROS production, and NF-κB inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjiang Hu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Lin
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jun Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yizhou Zhong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Boxuan Liang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuji Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xi Lin
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bo Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bingli Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hao Meng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rongyi Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiaxin Du
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mingzhu Dai
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Hongqun Li
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Qinghong Wu
- Laboratory Animal Management Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongbin Gao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Xin SL, Yang X, Zhang YP, Xu KS. Zhikang Capsule Ameliorates Inflammation, Drives Polarization to M2 Macrophages, and Inhibits Apoptosis in Lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 Cells. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:1214-1224. [PMID: 34705217 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the anti-inflammatory effect of the traditional Chinese medicine Zhikang capsule (ZKC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. METHODS Safe concentrations of ZKC (0.175, 0.35, and 0.7 mg/mL) were used after the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RAW264.7 cells was calculated through the CCK-8 assay. In addition, the optimal intervention duration of ZKC (0.7 mg/mL) on RAW264.7 cells was determined to be 6 h, since all proinflammatory mediators [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), inteleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)] had a decreasing tendency and relatively down-regulated mRNA expression levels as compared with other durations (4, 8, and 12 h). RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with ZKC at various concentrations (0.175, 0.35 and 0.7 mg/mL) for 6 h and then stimulated with LPS (1 µg/mL) for an additional 12 h. RESULTS In terms of inflammation, ZKC could reverse LPS-induced upregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, iNOS, and MCP-1 at both the mRNA and protein levels in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In terms of the NF-κB signaling pathway, ZKC could reduce phosphorylated p65 and promote M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells under LPS stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ZKC exhibited a protective effect on macrophages from apoptosis. CONCLUSION ZKC exhibited obvious antiinflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells at the cellular level, and a weakened NF-κB signaling pathway may be a potential significant target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Liang Xin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ke-Shu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Karthikeyan A, Kim HH, Preethi V, Moniruzzaman M, Lee KH, Kalaiselvi S, Kim GS, Min T. Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Citrus unshiu Peel (CUP) Flavonoids on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2209. [PMID: 34686018 PMCID: PMC8538621 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Citrus unshiu is a popular medicinal herb in several Asian countries, in particular South Korea. C. unshiu peel (CUP) has several biologically active compounds, including flavonoids. Hence, this research aimed to label the flavonoids from CUP by HPLC-MS/MS analysis and examine their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. A total of four flavonoids (Rutin, naringin, hesperidin, and poncirin) were characterized, and their contents were quantified from CUP. It showed that the naringin is rich in CUP. Further, treatment with the flavonoids at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 μg/mL had no effect on the cell viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages. On the other hand, it decreased the production and expression of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX2 in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, flavonoids treatment inhibited the NF-κB activation by downregulating the p-p65 and p-IκBα proteins expression. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production considerably decreased at the same concentrations while antioxidant enzyme activity increased in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Collectively, our results show that CUP flavonoids have the potential to decrease inflammation and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhimoolam Karthikeyan
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea;
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.H.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vetrivel Preethi
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.H.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea;
| | - Ki Ho Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Korea;
| | - Senthil Kalaiselvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641028, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.H.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea;
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7S,15R-Dihydroxy-16S,17S-Epoxy-Docosapentaenoic Acid, a Novel DHA Epoxy Derivative, Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Stemness through Repolarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophage Functions and the ROS/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091459. [PMID: 34573091 PMCID: PMC8470250 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a highly malignant cancer that is inherently resistant to many chemotherapeutic drugs owing to the complicated tumor-supportive microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are known to mediate colorectal cancer metastasis and relapse and are therefore a promising therapeutic target. In the current study, we first confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of 7S,15R-dihydroxy-16S,17S-epoxy-docosapentaenoic acid (diHEP-DPA), a novel DHA dihydroxy derivative synthesized in our previous work. We found that diHEP-DPA significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokines secretion of THP1 macrophages, IL-6, and TNF-α. As expected, diHEP-DPA also modulated TAM polarization, as evidenced by decreased gene and protein expression of the TAM markers, CD206, CD163, VEGF, and TGF-β1. During the polarization process, diHEP-DPA treatment decreased the concentration of TGF-β1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in culture supernatants via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, diHEP-DPA blocked immunosuppression by reducing the expression of SIRPα in TAMs and CD47 in colorectal cancer cells. Knowing that an inflammatory TME largely serves to support epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness, we tested whether diHEP-DPA acted through polarization of TAMs to regulate these processes. The intraperitoneally injected diHEP-DPA inhibited tumor growth when administered alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy in vivo. We further found that diHEP-DPA effectively reversed TAM-conditioned medium (TCCM)-induced EMT and enhanced colorectal cancer stemness, as evidenced by its inhibition of colorectal cancer cell migration, invasion and expression of EMT markers, as well as cancer cell tumorspheres formation, without damaging colorectal cancer cells. DiHEP-DPA reduced the population of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive cells and expression of colorectal stemness marker proteins (CD133, CD44, and Sox2) by modulating TAM polarization. Additionally, diHEP-DPA directly inhibited cancer stemness by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in turn, reduced the phosphorylation of nuclear signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). These data collectively suggest that diHEP-DPA has the potential for development as an anticancer agent against colorectal cancer.
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Cai L, Wei Z, Zhao X, Li Y, Li X, Jiang X. Gallic acid mitigates LPS-induced inflammatory response via suppressing NF-κB signalling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1000-1008. [PMID: 34288130 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid is a phenolic compound that exhibits antibacterial, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory functions. In a previous study, we found that dietary supplementation with gallic acid decreased incidence of diarrhoea and protected intestinal integrity in weaning piglets. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, a pig intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) was used as an in vitro model to explore the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of gallic acid. IPEC-J2 cells were stimulated with hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish oxidative and inflammatory models, respectively. Results showed that H2 O2 significantly decreased catalase (CAT) secretion and CAT mRNA abundance in the cells (p < 0.05), while pretreatment with gallic acid did not prevent the decrease in CAT expression induced by H2 O2 . However, gallic acid pretreatment mitigated the increased expression of the tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8 genes caused by LPS in IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05). In addition, pretreatment with gallic acid significantly suppressed phosphorylation of NF-κB and IκBα in LPS-stimulated IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, LPS stimulation decreased the protein abundance of zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) and occludin, while pretreatment with gallic acid preserved expression level of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin in LPS-stimulated IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05). In conclusion, gallic acid may mitigate LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway, exerting positive effects on the barrier function of IPEC-J2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zixi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanpin Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianren Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xian M, Cai J, Zheng K, Liu Q, Liu Y, Lin H, Liang S, Wang S. Aloe-emodin prevents nerve injury and neuroinflammation caused by ischemic stroke via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:8056-8067. [PMID: 34286782 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) caused by cerebral arterial occlusion is the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Cellular oxidative stress and inflammation play a vital role in the pathological process of neural damage in IS. It is necessary to develop functional food or drugs, which target neuroinflammation and oxidation mechanisms against IS. The molecule compound aloe-emodin (AE) is derived from aloe and rhubarb. However, the exact mechanism of the pharmacological action of AE on IS remains unclear. Here, for aiming to demonstrate the mechanism of AE, our study explored the middle cerebral occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats in vivo, oxygen and glucose deprivation reperfusion (OGD/R), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells in vitro. We found that AE significantly improved the infarct size and behavioral score of MCAO/R rats, decreased the expression of TNF-α, MDA, LDH, Caspase 3, and increased the expression of SOD, Bcl-2/Bax. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) results showed that AE could penetrate the blood-brain barrier in the sham group and MCAO/R group. In vitro, AE significantly protected SH-SY5Y cells from the insult of OGD/R and reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells stimulated by LPS. In vivo and in vitro, western blot analysis results showed that AE significantly increased the expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR proteins. In addition, AE significantly decreased NF-κB protein expression in BV2 cells. The use of AKT-specific inhibitor MK-2206 2HCL to inhibit AKT expression can block the protective effect of AE on SH-SY5Y cells subjected to OGD/R insults. Overall, our study suggests that AE protected against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury probably via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, these results indicated that AE could be a promising first-line therapy for preventing and treating ischemic stroke and can be used as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Xian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Zhao D, Feng SX, Zhang HJ, Zhang N, Liu XF, Wan Y, Zhou YX, Li JS. Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of five rhubarb anthraquinones in rats after oral administration of effective fraction of anthraquinones from rheum officinale. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:916-925. [PMID: 34110981 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1940353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rhubarb, a famous traditional Chinese medicine, shows a wide range of physiological activities and pharmacological benefits. Rhubarb anthraquinones are perceived as the pharmacologically active compounds of Rhubarb, and understanding metabolism of them is crucial to assure safety and effectiveness of clinical application. In this study, the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of five rhubarb anthraquinones (aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion) were systematically investigated after oral administration of rhubarb extract to rats.An HPLC method was developed and validated for quantitation of five rhubarb anthraquinones in rat plasma, tissues, urine and faeces to investigate the Pharmacokinetic characteristics. The results showed that the proposed method was suitable for the quantification of five anthraquinones in plasma, tissue and excreta samples with satisfactory linear (r > 0.99), precision (<10%) and recovery (85.12-104.20%). The plasma concentration profiles showed a quick absorption with the mean Tmax of 0.42-0.75 h and t1/2 of 6.60-15.11 h for five anthraquinones. The analytes were widely distributed in most of the tissues. Approximately 0.13-10.59% and 28.47-81.14% of five anthraquinones were recovered in urine and faeces within 132 h post-dosing, which indicated the major elimination route was faeces excretion.In summary, this study lays a foundation for elucidating the pharmacokinetic rule of rhubarb anthraquinone and the important data can provide reliable scientific resource for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Su-Xiang Feng
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao-Jie Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue-Fang Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Jian-Sheng Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, China
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Hu Y, Huang W, Luo Y, Xiang L, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Xu C, Meng X, Wang P. Assessment of the anti-inflammatory effects of three rhubarb anthraquinones in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages using a pharmacodynamic model and evaluation of the structure-activity relationships. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:114027. [PMID: 33741438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhubarb (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) is a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used as a strong astringent in China to treat inflammation-related diseases, such as acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, appendicitis and so on. Rhein, emodin and aloe-emodin are the important active anthraquinone in rhubarb, and are considered to be the main ingredients contributing to anti-inflammatory. AIM OF THE STUDY Rhein, emodin and aloe-emodin, anthraquinones with the same parent structure that are found in rhubarb, have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Anthraquinone derivatives also have important clinical roles. However, their pharmacodynamic differences and the structure-activity relationships associated with their anti-inflammatory properties have not been systematically explored. The present study was designed to quantify the effects of three rhubarb anthraquinones on inflammation and to explore the structure-activity relationships of these compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we detected NF-κB phosphorylation, iNOS protein expression, and IL-6 and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and then calculated median effect equations and built a dynamic pharmacodynamic model to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of these three anthraquinones. Additionally, to determine the structure-activity relationships, we investigated the physicochemical properties and molecular electrostatic potentials of the drug molecules. RESULTS We found that rhein, emodin, and aloe-emodin exerted at least dual-target (NF-κB, iNOS) inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory responses. Compared with rhein and emodin, aloe-emodin had a stronger anti-inflammatory effect, and its inhibition of iNOS protein expression was approximately twice that of NF-κB phosphorylation. In addition, aloe-emodin had the strongest hydrophobic effect among the three anthraquinones. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we concluded that the receptor binding the rhubarb anthraquinones had a hydrophobic pocket. Anthraquinone molecules with stronger hydrophobic effects had higher affinity for the receptor, resulting in greater anti-inflammatory activity. These results suggest that the addition of a hydrophobic group is a potential method for structural modification to design anti-inflammatory anthraquinone derivatives with enhanced potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfan Hu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen'ge Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Chensi Xu
- Chengdu Pharmoko Tech Corp., Ltd., Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
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Network Pharmacology-Based Approach to Investigate the Molecular Targets of Rhubarb for Treating Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9945633. [PMID: 34211578 PMCID: PMC8208856 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9945633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background As a traditional Chinese medicine, rhubarb (also named Dahuang) is used to treat various diseases. Objective To explore the possible antitumor mechanism of rhubarb by using network pharmacology and molecular docking in this study. Methods Bioactive ingredients and related targets of rhubarb were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. And the gene names corresponding to the proteins were found in the UniProt database. Then, the tumor-related targets were screened out from GeneCards and OMIM databases. Key antitumor targets of rhubarb were acquired by overlapping the above targets via the Venn diagram. The antitumor targets network of rhubarb active components was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. The protein interactions network was constructed using the STRING database. The GO and KEGG pathways involved in the targets were analyzed by using the DAVID database. Autodock Vina software was used to verify the molecular docking of rhubarb components and key targets. Results Through screening and analysis, 10 active ingredients and 58 antitumor prediction targets were obtained and constructed a compound-target network. The targets such as CASP3, JUN, MYC, TNF, and PTGS2 may play a crucial role. These targets are involved in cancer pathway, calcium signaling pathway, cell apoptosis, small-cell lung cancer pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. The docking results indicated that the rhein binding with the CASP3 showed the highest binding energy. Conclusion Based on the network pharmacology, the characteristics of multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway of rhubarb were discussed, which provided a scientific basis for explaining the mechanism in treating cancer and new ideas for further research.
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Inhibition of cell-intrinsic NF-κB activity and metastatic abilities of breast cancer by aloe-emodin and emodic-acid isolated from Asphodelus microcarpus. J Nat Med 2021; 75:840-853. [PMID: 33988779 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinones are a major class of compounds naturally occurring in Asphodelus microcarpus. The pharmacological actions of anthraquinones in cancer cells are known to induce apoptosis or autophagy, and revert multidrug resistance. In this study, five anthraquinone-type analogs were isolated from the methanol extract of A. microcarpus leaves and identified as, emodin, rhein, physcion, aloe-emodin, and emodic acid. Among them, aloe-emodin and emodic-acid strongly inhibited the proliferation, cells-intrinsic NF-κB activity and metastatic ability of breast cancer. Although aloe-emodin inhibited p38 and ERK phosphorylation, emodic-acid more markedly inhibited JNK, in addition to p38 and ERK phosphorylation. Both aloe-emodin and emodic-acid inhibited the secretion of the pro-tumorigenic cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, and VEGF and MMP expression, and subsequently inhibited the invasive and migratory potential of 4T1 cells. Thus, our study demonstrated the effects of aloe-emodin and emodin-acid in controlling the migratory and invasive ability of 4T1 breast cancer cells, in addition to inhibiting NF-κB activity and the expression of its downstream target molecules.
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Gao Y, Zhang X, Li X, Qi R, Han Y, Kang Y, Cai R, Peng C, Qi Y. Aloe-emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone, is a highly potent mast cell stabilizer through activating mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114476. [PMID: 33607072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells play a fundamental role in immune system. Upon stimulation, they are activated via IgE dependent or independent pathway and then release granules which contain plenty of preformed constituents. Mast cell stabilizers are commonly used clinically for inhibiting the degranulation of mast cells. In the current study, we firstly identified aloe-emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone, was a prominent mast cell stabilizer. It could strikingly dampen IgE/FcεRI- and MAS-related G protein coupled receptor (Mrgpr)-mediated mast cell degranulation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanism study indicated that aloe-emodin rapidly and reversibly decreased cytosolic Ca2+ (Ca2+[c]) concentration through enhancing the mitochondrial Ca2+ (Ca2+[m]) uptake. After genetically silencing or pharmacologic inhibiting mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), the effects of aloe-emodin on the Ca2+[c] level and mast cell degranulation were significantly weakened. In contrast to six clinical drugs with mast cell stabilizing properties (amlexanox, tranilast, ketotifen, cromolyn disodium salt, dexamethasone and pimecrolimus), aloe-emodin showed an impressive and potent inhibitory action on the mast cell degranulation. Collectively, aloe-emodin is a highly potent mast cell stabilizer. By directly activating MCU, it decreases Ca2+[c] level to suppress mast cell degranulation. Our study may provide a promising candidate for the treatment of mast cell activation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ximeng Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruijuan Qi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yixin Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Kang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runlan Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Yun Qi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhang LB, Guo LM, Wang FL, Lü JL. Phytochemical Profile and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Fraction from Artemisia lavandulaefolia. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000989. [PMID: 33528898 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia lavandulaefolia, a traditional herbal medicine, has been utilized as anti-inflammatory and analgesia agent in clinic. Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in a fraction (ALDF) with anti-inflammatory effect obtained from A. lavandulaefolia. Its main constituents were analyzed and identified by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS technology. ALDF showed the strong inhibitory activity on the nitrogen oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value of 1.64±0.41 μg/mL. Further results displayed that ALDF also significantly suppressed the secretion of key pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and the increase of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression induced by LPS stimulation. Mechanism study indicated that ALDF was able to block NF-κB signaling pathway through inhibiting IκB and p65 phosphorylation, as well as NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, in vivo results in mice revealed that treatments with ALDF evoked significant inhibition on ear edema induced by xylene and on the writhing responses induced by acetic acid. These results suggest that ALDF holds great potential in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Bin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Li-Min Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Li Lü
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
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Ghafouri A, hajiluian G, karegar SJ, Hosseini S, Shidfar S, Kamalinejad M, AghaHosseini F, Heydari I, Shidfar F. The effect of Aqueous, Ethanolic extracts of Rheum ribeson insulin sensitivity, inflammation, oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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