1
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Lin ZF, Lin HY, Doong RA, Schäfer AI. Heterostructure g-C 3N 4/Bi 2MoO 6 PVDF nanofiber composite membrane for the photodegradation of steroid hormone micropollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:134765. [PMID: 38905981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) are a promising technology for micropollutant removal. Sunlight utilization and catalyst surface sites limit photodegradation. A poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofiber composite membrane (NCM) with immobilized visible-light-responsive g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 (BMCN) were developed. Photodegradation of steroid hormones with the PVDF-BMCN NCM was investigated with varying catalyst properties, operating conditions, and relevant solution chemistry under solar irradiation. Increasing CN ratio (0-65 %) enhanced estradiol (E2) degradation from 20 ± 10 to 75 ± 7 % due to improved sunlight utilization and photon lifetime. PVDF nanofibers reduced self-aggregation of catalysts. Hydraulic residence time and light intensity enhanced the photodegradation. With the increasing pH value, the E2 removal decreased from 84 ± 4 to 67 ± 7 % owing to electrical repulsion and thus reduced adsorption between catalysts and E2. A removal of 96 % can be attained at environmentally relevant feed concentration (100 ng.L-1) with a flux of 60 L.m-2.h-1, irradiance of 100 mW.cm-2, and 1 mg.cm-2 BMCN65 loading. This confirmed that heterojunction photocatalysts can enhance micropollutants degradation in PMRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fu Lin
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany; Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan, R.O.C.; International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Han-Ya Lin
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Ruey-An Doong
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Andrea I Schäfer
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.
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2
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Bilal A, Yasin M, Akhtar FH, Gilani MA, Alhmohamadi H, Younas M, Mushtaq A, Aslam M, Hassan M, Nawaz R, Aqsha A, Sunarso J, Bilad MR, Khan AL. Enhancing Water Purification by Integrating Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes into Polyethersulfone Membranes for Improved Hydrophilicity and Anti-Fouling Performance. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:116. [PMID: 38786950 PMCID: PMC11123263 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Water pollution remains a critical concern, one necessitated by rapidly increasing industrialization and urbanization. Among the various strategies for water purification, membrane technology stands out, with polyethersulfone (PES) often being the material of choice due to its robust mechanical properties, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. However, PES-based membranes tend to exhibit low hydrophilicity, leading to reduced flux and poor anti-fouling performance. This study addresses these limitations by incorporating titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2NTs) into PES nanofiltration membranes to enhance their hydrophilic properties. The TiO2NTs, characterized through FTIR, XRD, BET, and SEM, were embedded in PES at varying concentrations using a non-solvent induced phase inversion (NIPS) method. The fabricated mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were subjected to testing for water permeability and solute rejection capabilities. Remarkably, membranes with a 1 wt% TiO2NT loading displayed a significant increase in pure water flux, from 36 to 72 L m2 h-1 bar-1, a 300-fold increase in selectivity compared to the pristine sample, and a dye rejection of 99%. Furthermore, long-term stability tests showed only a slight reduction in permeate flux over a time of 36 h, while dye removal efficiency was maintained, thus confirming the membrane's stability. Anti-fouling tests revealed a 93% flux recovery ratio, indicating excellent resistance to fouling. These results suggest that the inclusion of TiO2 NTs offers a promising avenue for the development of efficient and stable anti-fouling PES-based membranes for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Bilal
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Faheem Hassan Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan;
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hamad Alhmohamadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Younas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Azeem Mushtaq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.M.); (M.A.)
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Mehdi Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Baltistan, Skardu 16100, Pakistan
| | - Rab Nawaz
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally 32093, Kuwait;
| | - Aqsha Aqsha
- Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institute Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;
| | - Jaka Sunarso
- Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, Kuching 93350, Sarawak, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia;
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3
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Samarasinghe LV, Muthukumaran S, Baskaran K. Recent advances in visible light-activated photocatalysts for degradation of dyes: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140818. [PMID: 38056717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development in industrialization and urbanization coupled with an ever-increasing world population has caused a tremendous increase in contamination of water resources globally. Synthetic dyes have emerged as a major contributor to environmental pollution due to their release in large quantities into the environment, especially owing to their high demand in textile, cosmetics, clothing, food, paper, rubber, printing, and plastic industries. Photocatalytic treatment technology has gained immense research attention for dye contaminated wastewater treatment due to its environment-friendliness, ability to completely degrade dye molecules using light irradiation, high efficiency, and no generation of secondary waste. Photocatalytic technology is evolving rapidly, and the foremost goal is to synthesize highly efficient photocatalysts with solar energy harvesting abilities. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent advances in highly efficient visible light-activated photocatalysts for dye degradation, including methods of synthesis, strategies for improving photocatalytic activity, regeneration and their performance in real industrial effluent. The influence of various operational parameters on photocatalytic activity are critically evaluated in this article. Finally, this review briefly discusses the current challenges and prospects of visible-light driven photocatalysts. This review serves as a convenient and comprehensive resource for comparing and studying the fundamentals and recent advancements in visible light photocatalysts and will facilitate further research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shobha Muthukumaran
- Institute for Sustainability Industries and Liveable Cities, College of Sport, Health & Engineering, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Kanagaratnam Baskaran
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Victoria, 3216, Australia
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4
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Arias-Ruiz F, Rangel-Porras G, Falcón-Millán G, Razo-Lazcano T, González-Muñoz P. Effect of basic and basic/acid modifications on the surface of PVDF membranes for the insertion of TiO 2 and its use in environmental applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:126009-126028. [PMID: 38008843 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Supporting titanium oxide (TiO2) on polymeric membrane surfaces is a strategy to increase the photocatalytic activity of this material as well as to modify membrane surface with antifouling properties or to develop hybrid processes of water treatment. The chemical characteristics of the polymeric membrane surfaces are a determining factor in the correct impregnation of TiO2 particles. In this work, the titanium oxide was immobilized on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane surface by direct impregnation during the synthesis of the inorganic particles by sol-gel route. The PVDF membranes were previously modified by treatments based on an alkaline attack followed by acid treatment. The final TiO2-modified membranes were characterized by infrared and Raman spectroscopy, as well as by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the changes on the surface characteristics were determined by contact angle measurements. Finally, the membranes were tested on the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO). The results obtained indicate that the basic/acid pretreatment allows the generation of active sites in the membrane and that when carrying out the synthesis of TiO2 on the membrane, it can be anchored stably on its surface and through the pores. The microscopies indicate that the structure of the membrane is not compromised by the pretreatment. The amount of TiO2 deposited on the membrane was of 0.1580 ± 0.01773 mg TiO2/cm2 membrane. With this amount of TiO2, a degradation percentage of 98.2% is achieved after 450 min; when the membrane is used for a second cycle, a degradation percentage of 82.0% is obtained, which remains constant for 3 subsequent cycles. This method, which uses the PVDF membrane as a support for TiO2 particles, represents a low-cost and easy-to-prepare insertion procedure, with good degradation percentages, which means that the membrane can be used for subsequent studies in filtration systems in the treatment of effluents from the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Arias-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de La Venada S/N, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, 36040, México
| | - Gustavo Rangel-Porras
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de La Venada S/N, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, 36040, México
| | - Guadalupe Falcón-Millán
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de La Venada S/N, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, 36040, México
| | - Teresa Razo-Lazcano
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de La Venada S/N, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, 36040, México
| | - Pilar González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de La Venada S/N, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, 36040, México.
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5
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Liu S, Edara PC, Schäfer AI. Influence of organic matter on the photocatalytic degradation of steroid hormones by TiO 2-coated polyethersulfone microfiltration membrane. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120438. [PMID: 37716301 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Water treatment in photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMR) holds great promise for removing micropollutants from aquatic environments. Organic matter (OM) that is present in any water matrix may significantly interfere with the degradation of steroid hormone (SH) micropollutants in PMRs. In this study, the interference of various OM types, humic acid (HA), Australian natural organic matter (AUS), worm farm extract (WF), tannic acid (TA), and gallic acid (GA) with the SH degradation at its environmentally relevant concentration (100 ng/L) in a flow-through PMR equipped with a polyethersulphone-titanium dioxide (PES-TiO2) membrane operated under UV light (365 nm) was investigated. Results of this study showed that OM effects are complex and depend on OM type and concentration. The removal of β-estradiol (E2) was enhanced by HA at its levels below 5 mgC/L while the enhancement was abated at higher HA concentrations. The E2 removal was inhibited by TA, and GA, while no significant interference observed for AUS, and WF. The data demonstrated diverse roles of OM that acts in PMRs as a light screening agent, a photoreactive species scavenger, an adsorption alteration trigger, and a photosensitizer. The time-resolved fluorescence measurement showed that HA, acting as a photosensitizer, promoted the sensitization of TiO2 by absorbing light energy and transferring energy/electron to the TiO2 substrate. This pathway dominated the mechanism of the enhanced E2 degradation by HA. The favorable effect of HA was augmented as increasing the light intensity from 0.5 to 10 mW/cm2 and was weakened at higher light intensities due to the increased scavenging reactions and the limited amount of HA. This work clarifies the underlying mechanism of the OM interference on photocatalytic degradation of E2 by the PES-TiO2 PMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Pattabhiramayya C Edara
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andrea I Schäfer
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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6
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Rasul M, Ahmed S, Sattar M, Jahirul M. Hydrodynamic performance assessment of photocatalytic reactor with baffles and roughness in the flow path: A modelling approach with experimental validation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19623. [PMID: 37809384 PMCID: PMC10558875 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purification of wastewater is essential for human being as well as for the flora and fauna, and sustainable environment. Photocatalytic reactor with TiO2 coated layer can be used to degrade the pollutants but without proper pollutant mass transfer in the reactive surface, photocatalytic reactor decreases its effectiveness. The baffles and rough surface in the flow path can improve the fluid mixing to enhance pollutant mass transfer to improve the reactor's performance. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to investigate the effect of four top baffles and three rough surfaces (semi-circular, triangle, and rectangle) on pressure drops, mass transfer and the hydrodynamic performance of the reactor. The experimental investigation was carried out using Formic Acid (FA) as pollutant in feed water for model validation. The simulated result varies only within 5% with the experimental data of FA concentration versus feed flow rate and fluid velocity. The model was run at fluid velocity of 0.15 m/s and 0.5 m/s (Reynolds number of 2150 (laminar flow) and 7500 (turbulent flow), respectively. The simulation result shows that the addition of baffles and roughness on the reactive surfaces increases the turbulent kinetic energy (minimum increase 8%) and consequently increases the mass transfer (maximum increase 37%) of the pollutant. The highest wall shear was observed to be 40 Pa when both square and triangular elements were used as roughness elements at turbulent flow condition. The results also shows that the highest pressure-drop of 8 kPa was found when the square roughness element was used at turbulent flow condition. Overall, the photocatalytic reactor performance is significantly enhanced by the application of combined baffles and roughness elements in the reactive surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.G. Rasul
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia
| | - S. Ahmed
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia
| | - M.A. Sattar
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia
- Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Australia
| | - M.I. Jahirul
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia
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7
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Sisay EJ, Fazekas ÁF, Gyulavári T, Kopniczky J, Hopp B, Veréb G, László Z. Investigation of Photocatalytic PVDF Membranes Containing Inorganic Nanoparticles for Model Dairy Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:656. [PMID: 37505022 PMCID: PMC10383713 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Membrane separation processes are promising methods for wastewater treatment. Membrane fouling limits their wider use; however, this may be mitigated using photocatalytic composite materials for membrane preparation. This study aimed to investigate photocatalytic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based nanocomposite membranes for treating model dairy wastewater containing bovine serum albumin (BSA). Membranes were fabricated via physical coating (with TiO2, and/or carbon nanotubes, and/or BiVO4) and blending (with TiO2). Another objective of this study was to compare membranes of identical compositions fabricated using different techniques, and to examine how various TiO2 concentrations affect the antifouling and cleaning performances of the blended membranes. Filtration experiments were performed using a dead-end cell. Filtration resistances, BSA rejection, and photocatalytic cleanability (characterized by flux recovery ratio (FRR)) were measured. The surface characteristics (SEM, EDX), roughness (measured by atomic force microscopy, AFM), wettability (contact angle measurements), and zeta potential of the membranes were also examined. Coated PVDF membranes showed higher hydrophilicity than the pristine PVDF membrane, as evidenced by a decreased contact angle, but the higher hydrophilicity did not result in higher fluxes, unlike the case of blended membranes. The increased surface roughness resulted in increased reversible fouling, but decreased BSA retention. Furthermore, the TiO2-coated membranes had a better flux recovery ratio (FRR, 97%) than the TiO2-blended membranes (35%). However, the TiO2-coated membrane had larger total filtration resistances and a lower water flux than the commercial pristine PVDF membrane and TiO2-blended membrane, which may be due to pore blockage or an additional coating layer formed by the nanoparticles. The BSA rejection of the TiO2-coated membrane was lower than that of the commercial pristine PVDF membrane. In contrast, the TiO2-blended membranes showed lower resistance than the pristine PVDF membrane, and exhibited better antifouling performance, superior flux, and comparable BSA rejection. Increasing the TiO2 content of the TiO2-blended membranes (from 1 to 2.5%) resulted in increased antifouling and comparable BSA rejection (more than 95%). However, the effect of TiO2 concentration on flux recovery was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Jigar Sisay
- Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai Blvd. 9, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ákos Ferenc Fazekas
- Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai Blvd. 9, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gyulavári
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla Sqr. 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Kopniczky
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged, Dóm Sqr. 9, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Hopp
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged, Dóm Sqr. 9, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Veréb
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai Blvd. 9, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna László
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai Blvd. 9, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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da Silva DC, Mapukata S, Currie S, Kitos AA, Lanterna AE, Nyokong T, Scaiano JC. Fibrous TiO 2 Alternatives for Semiconductor-Based Catalysts for Photocatalytic Water Remediation Involving Organic Contaminants. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21585-21593. [PMID: 37360451 PMCID: PMC10286280 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Water decontamination remains a challenge in several developed and developing countries. Affordable and efficient approaches are needed urgently. In this scenario, heterogeneous photocatalysts appear as one of the most promising alternatives. This justifies the extensive attention that semiconductors, such as TiO2, have gained over the last decades. Several studies have evaluated their efficiency for environmental applications; however, most of these tests rely on the use of powder materials that have minimal to no applicability for large-scale applications. In this work, we investigated three fibrous TiO2 photocatalysts, TiO2 nanofibers (TNF), TiO2 on glass wool (TGW), and TiO2 in glass fiber filters (TGF). All materials have macroscopic structures that can be easily separated from solutions or that can work as fixed beds under flow conditions. We evaluated and compared their ability to bleach a surrogate dye molecule, crocin, under batch and flow conditions. Using black light (UVA/visible), our catalysts were able to bleach a minimum of 80% of the dye in batch experiments. Under continuous flow experiments, all catalysts could decrease dye absorption under shorter irradiation times: TGF, TNF, and TGW could, respectively, bleach 15, 18, and 43% of the dye with irradiation times as short as 35 s. Catalyst comparison was based on the selection of physical and chemical criteria relevant for application on water remediation. Their relative performance was ranked and applied in a radar plot. The features evaluated here had two distinct groups, chemical performance, which related to the dye degradation, and mechanical properties, which described their applicability in different systems. This comparative analysis gives insights into the selection of the right flow-compatible photocatalyst for water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daliane
R. C. da Silva
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sivuyisiwe Mapukata
- Institute
for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Sara Currie
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alexandros A. Kitos
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anabel E. Lanterna
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute
for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Juan C. Scaiano
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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9
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Liu S, Véron E, Lotfi S, Fischer K, Schulze A, Schäfer AI. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane with immobilized TiO 2 for degradation of steroid hormone micropollutants in a photocatalytic membrane reactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130832. [PMID: 36696777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The lack of effective technologies to remove steroid hormones (SHs) from aquatic systems is a critical issue for both environment and public health. The performance of a flow-through photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR) with TiO2 immobilized on a photostable poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane (PVDF-TiO2) was evaluated in the context of SHs degradation at concentrations from 0.05 to 1000 µg/L under UV exposure (365 nm). A comprehensive investigation into the membrane preparation approach, including varying the surface Ti content and distribution, and membrane pore size, was conducted to gain insights on the rate-limiting steps for the SHs degradation. Increasing surface Ti content from 4 % to 6.5 % enhanced the 17β-estradiol (E2) degradation from 46 ± 12-81 ± 6 %. Apparent degradation kinetics were independent of both TiO2 homogeneity and membrane pore size (0.1-0.45 µm). With optimized conditions, E2 removal was higher than 96 % at environmentally relevant feed concentration (100 ng/L), a flux of 60 L/m2h, 25 mW/cm2, and 6.5 % Ti. These results indicated that the E2 degradation on the PVDF-TiO2 membrane was limited by the catalyst content and light penetration depth. Further exploration of novel TiO2 immobilization approach that can offer a larger catalyst content and light penetration is required to improve the micropollutant removal efficiency in PMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Eléonore Véron
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Shabnam Lotfi
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kristina Fischer
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr.15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Agnes Schulze
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr.15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea I Schäfer
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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10
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Basso Peressut A, Cristiani C, Dotelli G, Dotti A, Latorrata S, Bahamonde A, Gascó A, Hermosilla D, Balzarotti R. Reduced Graphene Oxide/Waste-Derived TiO 2 Composite Membranes: Preliminary Study of a New Material for Hybrid Wastewater Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13061043. [PMID: 36985937 PMCID: PMC10055702 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the preliminary results of the development of composite self-assembling membranes obtained by the combination of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with commercial Degussa P25 titanium dioxide (TiO2). The purpose is to demonstrate the possibility of combining, in the same self-standing material, the capability to treat wastewater containing both inorganic and organic pollutants by exploiting the established ability of rGO to capture metal ions together with that of TiO2 to degrade organic substances. Moreover, this study also investigates the potential photocatalytic properties of tionite (TIO), to demonstrate the feasibility of replacing commercial TiO2 with such waste-derived TiO2-containing material, fulfilling a circular economy approach. Thus, rGO-TiO2 and rGO-TIO composite membranes, 1:1 by weight, were prepared and characterized by SEM-EDX, XRD, thermogravimetry, as well as by Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopies to verify the effective and homogeneous integration of the two components. Then, they were tested towards 3-mg L-1 aqueous synthetic solutions of Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions to evaluate their metal adsorption ability, with values of the order of 0.1-0.2 mmol gmembrane-1, comparable or even slightly higher than those of pristine rGO. Finally, the ability of the composites to degrade a common organic pesticide, i.e., Imidacloprid®, was assessed in preliminary photocatalysis experiments, in which maximum degradation efficiencies of 25% (after 3 h) for rGO-TiO2 and of 21% (after 1 h) for rGO-TIO were found. The result of tionite-containing membranes is particularly promising and worthy of further investigation, given that the anatase content of tionite is roughly 1/6 of the one in commercial TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Basso Peressut
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cristiani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dotelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Dotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Latorrata
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Bahamonde
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle de Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Gascó
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Gestión Forestal y Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle de José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daphne Hermosilla
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Gestión Forestal y Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle de José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Riccardo Balzarotti
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Via la Santa 1, 6962 Lugano, Switzerland
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Khodamorady M, Bahrami K. A novel ZnS-CdS nanocomposite as a visible active photocatalyst for degradation of synthetic and real wastewaters. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2177. [PMID: 36750747 PMCID: PMC9905579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, new magnetic nanocomposites with shell core structure with different molar ratios of ZnS-CdS were synthesized and their photocatalytic activity in dye removal from synthetic and real effluents in the presence of mercury high pressure lamp as a visible light source was investigated. Optimal photocatalyst with molar ratio of ZnS-CdS 0.25:0.75 showed the best performance in dye removal. Based on the particle distribution histogram of Fe3O4@BNPs@ZnS-CdS (ZnS/CdS: 0.25:0.75), particles with 60-100 nm have the highest abundance. According to the DRS results, hybridization of zinc sulfide with cadmium sulfide reduced the gap and as a result, light absorption was successfully extended to the visible area. The PL results confirm that the optimal photocatalyst (Fe3O4@BNPs@ZnS-CdS) has the lowest electron-hole recombination compared to Fe3O4@BNPs@ZnS and Fe3O4@BNPs@CdS. It should be noted that according to the DLS results, the charge on the optical photocomposite surface is negative at all acidic, alkaline and neutral pHs. One of the significant advantages in this study is the use of high-pressure mercury lamps as a light source, so that these lamps are very economical in terms of economy and also have a long life and excellent efficiency. The optimal photocatalyst not only showed excellent photocatalytic activity for the removal of methylene blue (96.6%) and methyl orange (70.9%) but also for the dye removal of textile effluents (Benton 98.5% and dark olive 100%). Introduced magnetic heterostructures are suitable options for dye removal from textile and spinning wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Khodamorady
- grid.412668.f0000 0000 9149 8553Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67144-14971 Iran
| | - Kiumars Bahrami
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67144-14971, Iran. .,Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center (NNRC), Razi University, Kermanshah, 67144-14971, Iran.
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12
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Candia-Onfray C, Irikura K, Calzadilla W, Rojas S, Boldrin Zanoni MV, Salazar R. Degradation of contaminants of emerging concern in a secondary effluent using synthesized MOF-derived photoanodes: A comparative study between photo-, electro- and photoelectrocatalysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137683. [PMID: 36586445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Three metal-organic framework (MOF)-based photoanodes were prepared by deposition on TiO2 nanotubes using Ti as substrate (Ti/TiO2NT): i) Ti/TiO2NT-Au@ZIF-8, ii) Ti/TiO2NT-Ru3(BTC)2, iii) Ti/TiO2NT-UiO-66(Zr)NH2. These photoanodes were characterized by FEG-SEM, EDX and DRX. The analyses showed a successful modification and a high homogeneity of the different MOFs on the Ti/TiO2NT surface. The photoanodes were studied in the degradation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) in a spiked secondary effluent from a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWWTP). Sodium diclofenac (DCF), sulfamethazine (SMT) and carbamazepine (CBZ) were used as CECs at low concentration (200 μg/L each CEC). The samples were preconcentrated using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and analyzed by a HPLC-DAD system. The MOF-based photoanodes exhibited a high photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity towards the oxidation of CECs, achieving up to 50%, 70% and 80% of removal using Ti/TiO2NT-Au@ZIF-8, Ti/TiO2NT-UiO-66(Zr)NH2, Ti/TiO2NT-Ru3(BTC), respectively. The influence of the generation of hydroxyl radical was then studied. The results indicate that PEC degradation using Ti/TiO2NT-Ru3(BTC)2 and Ti/TiO2NT-UiO-66(Zr)NH2 is more affected by the concentration of the radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Candia-Onfray
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica Del Medio Ambiente, LEQMA, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACh, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kallyni Irikura
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Alternative Technologies for Detection, Toxicological Assessment and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive (INCT-DATREM), Rua Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Araraquara, 14800-060, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wendy Calzadilla
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica Del Medio Ambiente, LEQMA, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACh, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susana Rojas
- Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Maria Valnice Boldrin Zanoni
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Alternative Technologies for Detection, Toxicological Assessment and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive (INCT-DATREM), Rua Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Araraquara, 14800-060, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Salazar
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica Del Medio Ambiente, LEQMA, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACh, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile.
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13
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Integrated Model for Prediction and Global Factors Sensitivity Analysis of Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling: Statistics and Machine Learning Approach. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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14
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Aluminum Cation Doping in Ruddlesden-Popper Sr2TiO4 Enables High-Performance Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. HYDROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrogen3040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is regarded as a promising and renewable energy carrier to achieve a sustainable future. Among the various H2 production routes, photocatalytic water splitting has received particular interest; it strongly relies on the optical and structural properties of photocatalysts such as their sunlight absorption capabilities, carrier transport properties, and amount of oxygen vacancy. Perovskite oxides have been widely investigated as photocatalysts for photocatalytic water splitting to produce H2 because of their distinct optical properties, tunable band gaps and excellent compositional/structural flexibility. Herein, an aluminum cation (Al3+) doping strategy is developed to enhance the photocatalytic performance of Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) Sr2TiO4 perovskite oxides for photocatalytic H2 production. After optimizing the Al3+ substitution concentration, Sr2Ti0.9Al0.1O4 exhibits a superior H2 evolution rate of 331 μmol h−1 g−1, which is ~3 times better than that of Sr2TiO4 under full-range light illumination, due to its enhanced light harvesting capabilities, facilitated charge transfer, and tailored band structure. This work presents a simple and useful Al3+ cation doping strategy to boost the photocatalytic performance of RP-phase perovskites for solar water splitting.
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Mills R, Baldridge KC, Bernard M, Bhattacharyya D. Recent Advances in Responsive Membrane Functionalization Approaches and Applications. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022; 58:1202-1236. [PMID: 37063489 PMCID: PMC10103845 DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2145222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, significant advances have been made in the field of functionalized membranes. With the functionalization using various materials, such as polymers and enzymes, membranes can exhibit property changes in response to an environmental stimulation, such as heat, light, ionic strength, or pH. The resulting responsive nature allows for an increased breadth of membrane uses, due to the developed functionalization properties, such as smart-gating filtration for size-selective water contaminant removal, self-cleaning antifouling surfaces, increased scalability options, and highly sensitive molecular detection. In this review, new advances in both fabrication and applications of functionalized membranes are reported and summarized, including temperature-responsive, pH-responsive, light-responsive, enzyme-functionalized, and two-dimensional material-functionalized membranes. Specific emphasis was given to the most recent technological improvements, current limitations, advances in characterization techniques, and future directions for the field of functionalized membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rollie Mills
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Kevin C. Baldridge
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Matthew Bernard
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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16
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Innocenzi V, Zueva SB, Ippolito NM, Ferella F, Prisciandaro M, Vegliò F. A review of the existing and emerging technologies for wastewaters containing tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and waste management systems in micro-chip microelectronic industries. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135913. [PMID: 35952791 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to describe and review the available technologies and the recent advancements in treating industrial wastewater containing tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). It is a quaternary ammonium salt and widely used in the microelectronics industry; this kind of company produces large quantities of wastewater containing TMAH. The exhausted solutions must be treated appropriately since TMAH is corrosive, toxic to human health, and ecotoxic. Regarding the concentration at discharge, currently there are no European regulations. Still, it has been indicated that the substance has a negative influence on the oxygen balance and cause eutrophication, and fall into the relevant categories. In the first part of the work, the available technologies and the recent advancements for the treatment of TMAH contained in industrial wastewater are reviewed. Separation methods as such adsorption, ion exchange, membrane processes, and destruction technologies classified as advanced oxidation processes and biological processes have been considered. In the second part of the manuscript, industrial patented wastewater treatments have been described. Biological processes are those more used, being more economically feasible, require very long times not always sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Innocenzi
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics - University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Ernesto Pontieri, Monteluco di Roio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Svetlana B Zueva
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics - University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Ernesto Pontieri, Monteluco di Roio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nicolò Maria Ippolito
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics - University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Ernesto Pontieri, Monteluco di Roio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferella
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics - University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Ernesto Pontieri, Monteluco di Roio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marina Prisciandaro
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics - University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Ernesto Pontieri, Monteluco di Roio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Vegliò
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics - University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Ernesto Pontieri, Monteluco di Roio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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17
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Zhu L, Wang W, Zhao P, Wang S, Yang K, Shi H, Xu M, Dong Y. Silicon carbide catalytic ceramic membranes with nano-wire structure for enhanced anti-fouling performance. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119209. [PMID: 36240708 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is a critical challenge for current ceramic membranes, which suffer from low flux and insufficient removal. Development of self-cleaning catalytic ceramic membranes is promising to address this challenge. Herein, we design heterogeneous silicon carbide ceramic membranes featuring a novel structure of g-C3N4-decorated β-SiC nano-wire catalytic functional layer, which enables enhanced anti-fouling self-cleaning performance. At chemical harsh (alkaline or especially acidic) conditions, the nano-wire membrane exhibits catalysis-enhanced removal performance for organic contaminants. Unlike conventional particle-packing membrane structure, such a nano-wire network membrane structure has not only high porosity (56.1%), but exceptional water permeance (110 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1) and removal (100%) of organic substance under simulated sunlight, outperforming state-of-the-art organic membranes and ceramic membranes. Superoxide radical (∙O2-) was experimentally confirmed to be major reactive species responsible for self-cleaning function. We also propose a catalytic mechanism model with radical formation pathway, enabled by the as-formed g-C3N4@β-SiC heterojunction structure with reduced electron-hole recombination. This work would provide new insights into not only rational design of next-generation ceramic membranes with self-cleaning function but also more applications of efficient treatment of refractory wastewaters containing degradable organic substances by using such membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Materials and Membrane Technology of Hubei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, Hubei, China; Foshan (Southern China) Institute for New Materials, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Materials and Membrane Technology of Hubei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, Hubei, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Materials and Membrane Technology of Hubei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, Hubei, China
| | - Shulin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Materials and Membrane Technology of Hubei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Hebin Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Materials and Membrane Technology of Hubei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, Hubei, China
| | - Man Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Materials and Membrane Technology of Hubei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, Hubei, China.
| | - Yingchao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
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18
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Damavandi F, Aroujalian A, Salimi P. TiO2 nanoparticle stability via polyacrylic acid-binding on the surface of polyethersulfone membrane: Long-term evaluation. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Amo-Duodu G, Tetteh EK, Rathilal S, Chollom MN. Assessment of Magnetic Nanomaterials for Municipality Wastewater Treatment Using Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) Tests. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9805. [PMID: 36011432 PMCID: PMC9408801 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater as a substrate potential for producing renewable energy in the form of biogas is gaining global attention. Herein, nanomaterials can be utilised as a nutrient source for microorganisms for anaerobic digestion activity. Therefore, this study explored the impact of seven different magnetic nanomaterials (MNMs) on the anaerobic digestion of wastewater via biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests for biogas production. The BMP assay was carried out with eight bioreactors, where each was charged with 50% wastewater and 30% activated sludge, leaving a headspace of 20%. Aside the control bioreactor, the other seven (7) bioreactors were dosed with 1.5 g of MNMs. This was operated under anaerobic conditions at a mesophilic temperature of 35 °C for 31 days. At the degree of 80% degradation of contaminants, the results that showed bioreactors charged with 1.5 g MNMs of TiO2 photocatalyst composites were more effective than those constituting metallic composites, whereas the control achieved 65% degradation. Additionally, the bioreactor with magnetite (Fe3O4) produced the highest cumulative biogas of 1172 mL/day. Kinetically, the modified Gompertz model favoured the cumulative biogas data obtained with a significant regression coefficient (R2) close to one.
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20
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Tuning Structural Colors of TiO2 Thin Films Using an Electrochemical Process. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154932. [PMID: 35956881 PMCID: PMC9370684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TiO2 films exhibiting structural colors were successfully prepared using one-step electrochemical oxidation. Results of theoretical analyses and digital simulations revealed that the structural color of a TiO2 thin film could be regulated by adjusting oxidation voltage and oxidation time with different oxidation voltages leading to changes in structural color annulus number. At a low oxidation voltage, each thin film exhibited a single structural color, while thin films with different structural colors were obtained by varying the oxidation time. By contrast, at a higher oxidation voltage, each film exhibited iridescent and circular structural color patterns associated with symmetrical decreases in surface oxidation current density along radial lines emanating from the film center to its outer edges. TiO2 films exhibiting iridescent structural colorations have broad application prospects in industrial fields related to photocatalysis and photovoltaic cells.
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21
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Ge J, Zhang Z, Ouyang Z, Shang M, Liu P, Li H, Guo X. Photocatalytic degradation of (micro)plastics using TiO 2-based and other catalysts: Properties, influencing factor, and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112729. [PMID: 35065068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
(Micro)plastics pollution has raised global concern because of its potential threat to the biota. The review on recent developments of photocatalytic degradation of (micro)plastics is still insufficient. In this study, we have discussed various bare and composites photocatalysts involved in the photocatalytic degradation of (micro)plastics. The photocatalytic mechanisms and factors affecting the degradation were also discussed. To improve the performance of photocatalysts, their surface is modified with metal or non-metal dopants. These doped photocatalysts are then compounded with a variety of environmentally friendly and nontoxic polymers to prepare multifunctional composites. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the photocatalytic degradation of (micro)plastics, and superoxide ions (O2-) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) participate in the photocatalytic degradation, leading to the breaking of the polymer chain and the production of some intermediates. Although satisfactory progress has been achieved in the photodegradation of (micro)plastics, most photocatalytic degradation technologies investigated to date cannot realize the complete mineralization of (micro)plastics. Furthermore, based on the current challenges of the existing photocatalytic degradation technologies, perspectives for future research directions have been proposed. This review presents a systematic summary of the progress made in the photocatalytic degradation of (micro)plastics and offers a comprehensive reference for future research on improving the (micro)plastics photocatalytic degradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Ge
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232001, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232001, China
| | - Zhuozhi Ouyang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Mengxin Shang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232001, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huang Li
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232001, China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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22
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Motamedi M, Yerushalmi L, Haghighat F, Chen Z. Recent developments in photocatalysis of industrial effluents ։ A review and example of phenolic compounds degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133688. [PMID: 35074327 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Industrial expansion and increased water consumption have created water scarcity concerns. Meanwhile, conventional wastewater purification methods have failed to degrade recalcitrant pollutants efficiently. The present review paper discusses the recent advances and challenges in photocatalytic processes applied for industrial effluents treatment, with respect to phenolic compounds degradation. Key operational parameters including the catalyst loading, light intensity, initial pollutants concentration, pH, and type and concentrations of oxidants are evaluated and discussed. Compared to the other examined controlling parameters, pH has the highest effect on the photo-oxidation of contaminants by means of the photocatalyst ionization degree and surface charge. Furthermore, major phenolic compounds derived from industrial sources are comprehensively presented and the applicability of photocatalytic processes and the barriers in practical applications, including high energy demand, technical challenges, photocatalyst stability, and recyclability have been explored. The importance of energy consumption and operational costs for realistic large-scale processes are also discussed. Finally, research gaps in this area and the suggested direction for improving degradation efficiencies in industrial applications are presented. In the light of these premises, selective degradation processes in real water matrices such as untreated sewage are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Motamedi
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Laleh Yerushalmi
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Fariborz Haghighat
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada.
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Wang Z, Meng C, Zhang W, Zhang S, Yang B, Zhang Z. Honeycomb-like holey Co 3O 4 membrane triggered peroxymonosulfate activation for rapid degradation of organic contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152698. [PMID: 34974016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are commonly employed for the degradation of recalcitrant contaminants, however, practical application of heterogeneous AOPs has been limited by their low activation efficiency and inefficient utilization of radicals. Herein, this study demonstrates for the first time that 2D honeycomb-like holey membranes assembled by Co3O4 nanosheets, serve as an excellent activator for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and aid in rapid pollutant removal. The Co3O4 membrane achieved 100% target pollutant ranitidine removal and a membrane retention time of only ~385 ms with the degradation rate 3-5 orders of magnitude faster than that achieved by conventional heterogeneous catalysis. Ranitidine degradation was maintained at >90% for 13 h of continuous-flow operation at a high flux of 176 L m-2 h-1 bar-1. Furthermore, the Co3O4 membrane could also effectively degrade several recalcitrant pollutants, including pharmaceutical personal care products, phenols, and dyes. SO4•- and •OH were identified as the primary reactive oxygen species in the Co3O4 membrane/PMS system, with Co providing the active site for PMS activation. This strategy of membrane-based AOP treatment offers helpful guidance for the design of other efficient heterogeneous catalytic systems and presents a novel approach to overcoming the limitations of conventional heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua-Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenchen Meng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua-Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaoze Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua-Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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24
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Homocianu M, Pascariu P. High-performance photocatalytic membranes for water purification in relation to environmental and operational parameters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 311:114817. [PMID: 35276562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Growing technologies, increasing population and environmental pollution lead to severe contamination of water and require advanced water treatment technologies. These aspects lead to the need to purify water with advanced smart materials. This paper reviews the recent advances (during the last 5 years) in photocatalytic composite membranes used for water treatment. For this purpose, the authors have reviewed the main materials used in the development of (photocatalytic membranes) PMs, environmental and operational factors affecting the performance of photocatalytic membranes, and the latest developments and applications of PMs in water purifications. The composite photocatalytic membranes show good performance in the removal and degradation of pollutants from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Homocianu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Petronela Pascariu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania.
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25
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Preparation of a Photosensitive Composite Carbon Fiber for Spilled Oil Cleaning. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with preparing a functional composite carbon fiber with a large surface area for spilled oil cleaning. The composite fiber consisted of photosensitive oxide particles and polymer-derived carbon. It was made by co-spinning the polymer and metallic compounds. After heat treatment at high temperatures, an activated carbon fiber containing oxide particles was obtained. The particles were found distributed in the fiber and at the surface of the fiber. The composite fiber was found sensitive to sunlight. Fiber mats made of the composite fiber possessed a high surface area for oil absorption and removal. Cobalt(II) titanate particles were obtained from the reaction of titanium dioxide and cobalt oxide. The reaction happened in situ through the hydrolysis of metallic compounds in the spun fiber. The titanium dioxide and cobalt(II) titanate particle-containing fibers demonstrated the photoactivity in the visible light spectrum. It was concluded that particle-containing composite carbon fiber mats can be prepared successfully by co-electrospinning. Due to the oleophilic property and the high active surface area, the composites are suitable for spilled oil cleaning through fast absorption.
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26
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Ma Y, Ma Y, Lv T, Deng X, Kuang X, Zhang J, Liu Q, Zhang Y. Highly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity by modifying the surface of TiO 2 nanoparticles with a high proportion of single Cu atoms. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-atom photocatalysts have received a lot of attention owing to their high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Yuxiang Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Tianping Lv
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xiyu Deng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xinya Kuang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Qingju Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
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27
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Li X, Huang G, Chen X, Huang J, Li M, Yin J, Liang Y, Yao Y, Li Y. A review on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4) based hybrid membranes for water and wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148462. [PMID: 34465053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has gained enormous attention for water and wastewater treatment. Compared with g-C3N4 nanopowders, g-C3N4 based hybrid membranes have demonstrated great potential for its superior practicability. This review outlines the preparation and characterization of g-C3N4 based hybrid membranes and presents their representative applications in water and wastewater treatment (e.g., removal of organic dyes, phenolic compounds, pharmaceuticals, salt ions, heavy metals, and oils). Meanwhile, g-C3N4 based films for the removal of contaminants through photocatalytic degradation is also summarized. In addition, the corresponding mechanisms and relevant findings are discussed. Finally, the challenges and research needs in the future and application of g-C3N4 based hybrid membranes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohe Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, China-Canada Center for Energy, Environment and Ecology Research, UR-BNU, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiujuan Chen
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jing Huang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Mengna Li
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jianan Yin
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Ying Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Yongping Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, China-Canada Center for Energy, Environment and Ecology Research, UR-BNU, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Luo L, Luo S, Wang H, Hu K, Lin X, Liu L, Yan B. Effect of nano-TiO 2 on humic acid utilization from piggery biogas slurry by microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125414. [PMID: 34174768 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Resource recovery from piggery biogas slurry has become an inevitable demand for sustainable development of pig industry. Microalgae show great potential in recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from piggery slurry, but struggle to utilize organic pollutants, as most of them are inert components (e.g., humic acids, HAs). In this study, nano-TiO2 was used to enhance the utilization of HAs by microalgae from piggery biogas slurry. Results showed that the optimal conditions for microalgal growth and HAs removal by the microalgae-TiO2 coupling system were TiO2 dosage of 0.30 g/L, microalgal inoculation concentration of 0.40 g/L, light intensity of 360 µmol photon/(m2·s) and temperature of 30 °C, with the microalgal chlorophyll concentration of 6.51 mg/L and HAs removal efficiency of 50.14%. Analysis of HAs composition variations in the piggery biogas slurry indicated that the decrease of HAs was caused by their decomposition into small molecules under the photocatalytic reactions of TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzao Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Shuang Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Kexin Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Xiaoai Lin
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Linhai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Binghua Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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29
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Mendonça CD, Khan SU, Rahemi V, Verbruggen SW, Machado SA, De Wael K. Surface plasmon resonance-induced visible light photocatalytic TiO2 modified with AuNPs for the quantification of hydroquinone. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Abdullah NH, Mohamed M, Mohd Shohaimi NA, Mat Lazim A, Abdul Halim AZ, Mohd Shukri N, Abdul Razab MKA. Enhancing the Decolorization of Methylene Blue Using a Low-Cost Super-Absorbent Aided by Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2021; 26:4430. [PMID: 34361580 PMCID: PMC8348692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of organic dyes from industrial wastewater can cause pollution and exacerbate environmental problems; therefore, in the present work, activated carbon was synthesized from locally available oil palm trunk (OPT) biomass as a low-cost adsorbent to remove synthetic dye from aqueous media. The physical properties of the synthesized oil palm trunk activated carbon (OPTAC) were analyzed by SEM, FTIR-ATR, and XRD. The concurrent effects of the process variables (adsorbent dosage (g), methylene blue (MB) concentration (mg/L), and contact time (h)) on the MB removal percentage from aqueous solution were studied using a three-factor three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM), followed by the optimization of MB adsorption using OPTAC as the adsorbent. Based on the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the three parameters considered, adsorbent dosage (X1) is the most crucial parameter, with an F-value of 1857.43, followed by MB concentration (X2) and contact time (X3) with the F-values of 95.60 and 29.48, respectively. Furthermore, the highest MB removal efficiency of 97.9% was achieved at the optimum X1, X2, and X3 of 1.5 g, 200 mg/L, and 2 h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hakimin Abdullah
- Advanced Materials Research Cluster (AMRC), Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Mazlan Mohamed
- Advanced Materials Research Cluster (AMRC), Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | | | - Azwan Mat Lazim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Zamani Abdul Halim
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, College of Computing and Applied Science, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Nurasmat Mohd Shukri
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
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Abstract
This work is devoted to the investigation of the discoloration of the synthetic and industrial effluent, using a quarry residue (MbP), which is a material naturally composed of mixed oxides, compared to zinc oxide (ZnO), acting as photocatalysts and adsorbents. The optimization of the pH and catalyst concentration parameters was carried out, and the industrial effluent was then treated by photocatalytic reactions, adsorption, and photolysis. Industrial effluent was supplied by a packaging company and was collected for a period of seven consecutive days, showing the oscillation of the parameters in the process. The material characterizations were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). The results indicated that the composition of the quarry waste is mainly silica and has Egap 2.16 eV. The quarry residue as photocatalyst was active for the artificial effluent (synthetic dye solution), with a maximum of 98% discoloration, and as an adsorbent for industrial effluent, with a maximum of 57% of discoloration. Although the quarry residue has shown results lower than ZnO, it is considered a promising material in adsorption processes and photocatalytic reactions for discoloration of aqueous solutions.
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32
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Review on the effect of heat exchanger tubes on flow behavior and heat/mass transfer of the bubble/slurry reactors. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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33
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The Evolution of Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors over the Last 20 Years: A State of the Art Perspective. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The research on photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) started around the year 2000 with the study of wastewater treatment by degradation reactions of recalcitrant organic pollutants, and since then the evolution of our scientific knowledge has increased significantly, broadening interest in reactions such as the synthesis of organic chemicals. In this paper, we focus on some initial problems and how they have been solved/reduced over time to improve the performance of processes in PMRs. Some know-how gained during these last two decades of research concerns decreasing/avoiding the degradation of the polymeric membranes, improving photocatalyst reuse, decreasing membrane fouling, enhancing visible light photocatalysts, and improving selectivity towards the reaction product(s) in synthesis reactions (partial oxidation and reduction). All these aspects are discussed in detail in this review. This technology seems quite mature in the case of water and wastewater treatment using submerged photocatalytic membrane reactors (SPMRs), while for applications concerning synthesis reactions, additional knowledge is required.
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Tetteh EK, Rathilal S, Asante-Sackey D, Chollom MN. Prospects of Synthesized Magnetic TiO 2-Based Membranes for Wastewater Treatment: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3524. [PMID: 34202663 PMCID: PMC8269607 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Global accessibility to clean water has stressed the need to develop advanced technologies for the removal of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants and pathogens from wastewater to meet stringent discharge water quality limits. Conventionally, the high separation efficiencies, relative low costs, small footprint, and ease of operation associated with integrated photocatalytic-membrane (IPM) technologies are gaining an all-inclusive attention. Conversely, photocatalysis and membrane technologies face some degree of setbacks, which limit their worldwide application in wastewater settings for the treatment of emerging contaminants. Therefore, this review elucidated titanium dioxide (TiO2), based on its unique properties (low cost, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and high chemical stability), to have great potential in engineering photocatalytic-based membranes for reclamation of wastewater for re-use. The environmental pathway of TiO2 nanoparticles, membranes and configuration types, modification process, characteristics, and applications of IPMs in water settings are discussed. Future research and prospects of magnetized TiO2-based membrane technology is highlighted as a viable water purification technology to mitigate fouling in the membrane process and photocatalyst recoverability. In addition, exploring life cycle assessment research would also aid in utilizing the concept and pressing for large-scale application of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Kweinor Tetteh
- Green Engineering and Sustainability Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Steve Biko Campus, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; (S.R.); (D.A.-S.); (M.N.C.)
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35
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Agarwal R, Jassal M, Agrawal AK. Nano surface modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics for enhanced comfort properties for activewear. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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In situ synthesis of “brick and mortar”-type lignin-derived carbon/TiO2 composite with a remarkable photocatalytic performance. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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37
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Sakarkar S, Muthukumaran S, Jegatheesan V. Tailoring the Effects of Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) in the Separation and Antifouling Performance of Thin-Film Composite Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Membrane. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11040241. [PMID: 33800615 PMCID: PMC8066828 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, thin-film composite (TFC) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were synthesized by coating with titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution by a dip coating method and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Glutaraldehyde (GA) acted as a cross-linking agent to improve the thermal and chemical stability of the thin film coating. The incorporation of TiO2 in the film enhanced the hydrophilicity of the membrane and the rejection of dyes during filtration. The layer of TiO2 nanoparticles on the PVDF membranes have mitigated the fouling effects compared to the plain PVDF membrane. The photocatalytic performance was studied at different TiO2 loading for the photodegradation of dyes (reactive blue (RB) and methyl orange (MO)). The results indicated that the thin film coating of TiO2/PVA enhanced photocatalytic performance and showed good reusability under UV irradiation. This study showed that nearly 78% MO and 47% RB were removed using the TFC membrane. This work provides a new vision in the fabrication of TFC polymeric membranes as an efficient wastewater treatment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sakarkar
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-404-041-643
| | - Shobha Muthukumaran
- College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
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38
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A Facile Urea-Assisted Thermal Decomposition Process of TiO2 Nanoparticles and Their Photocatalytic Activity. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we have reported a facile and large-scale synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) through urea-assisted thermal decomposition of titanium oxysulphate. We have successfully synthesized TiO2 NPs by using this effective route with different weight ratios of titanium oxysulphate: urea. The structures and properties of TiO2 NPs were confirmed by scanning electron microscope) (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultra violet–visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and photoluminescence (Pl) techniques. XRD demonstrated that TiO2 NPs holds of anatase crystal phase with crystallizing size 14–19 nm even after heating at 600 °C. TGA, SEM, and TEM images reveal urea’s role, which controls the size, morphology, and aggregation of TiO2 NPs during the thermal decomposition. These TiO2 NPs were employed for photodegradation of Methyl Orange (MO) in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. An interesting find was that the TiO2 NPs exhibited better photocatalytic activity and excellent recycling stability over several photodegradation cycles. Furthermore, the present method has a great perspective to be used as an efficient method for large-scale synthesis of TiO2 NPs.
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39
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Exploitation of Lignocellulose Fiber-Based Biotemplates to Improve the Performance of an Immobilized TiO2 Photocatalyst. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of an immobilized photocatalyst has been successfully improved by colloidal processing of a heterostructure composed by TiO2 nanoparticles and lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNFs) obtained from biomass residues. The incorporation of 4 wt.% of biotemplate to the formulation increased the degradation rate and reduced the operating time to remove the 100% of methyl orange of a liquid solution. The reaction rate constant (k = 0.29–0.45 h−1) of the prepared photocatalytic coatings (using commercial particles and templates obtained from natural-derived resources) are competitive with other pure TiO2 materials (no composites), which were prepared through more complex methodologies. The optimization stages of deposition and sintering processes allowed us to obtain homogeneous and crack-free microstructures with controlled thickness and mass values ranging from 3 to 12 µm and 0.9 to 5.6 mg, respectively. The variation of the microstructures was achieved by varying the amount of LCNF in the formulated suspensions. The versatility of the proposed methodology would allow for implementation over the internal surface of photocatalytic reactors or as a photocatalytic layer of their membranes. In addition, the processing strategy could be applied to immobilize other synthetized semiconductors with higher intrinsic photocatalysis properties.
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40
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Zheng W, Huang J, Li S, Ge M, Teng L, Chen Z, Lai Y. Advanced Materials with Special Wettability toward Intelligent Oily Wastewater Remediation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:67-87. [PMID: 33382588 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Clean water resources are essential to our human society. Oil leakage has caused water contamination, which leads to serious shortage of clean water, environmental deterioration, and even increasing number of deaths. It is of great urgency to solve the oil-polluted water problems worldwide. Efficient oil/water separation, especially emulsified oil/water mixture separation, is widely used to mitigate water pollution issues. Recently, advanced materials with special wettability have been employed for oily wastewater remediation. Moreover, by endowing them with various intelligent functions, smart materials can effectively separate complex oil/water mixtures including extremely stable emulsions. In this review, oil/water separation mechanisms and various fabrication methods of special wettability separation materials are summarized. We highlight the special wettable materials with intelligent functions, including photocatalytic, self-healing, and switchable oil/water separation materials, which can achieve self-cleaning, self-healing, and efficient oily wastewater treatment. In each section, the acting mechanisms, fabricating technologies, representative studies, and separation efficiency are briefly introduced. Lastly, the challenges and outlook for oil/water separation based on the special wettability materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Shuhui Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Ge
- School of Textile & Clothing, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Lin Teng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore
| | - Yuekun Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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Liu F, Bi S, Wang W, Duan Q, Feng Y, Chen J, Luo R, Huang Y, Lee J. Preparation of a modified g-C 3N 4 catalyst library and realization of a two-dimensional screening reaction. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05141a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A color inkjet printing technique and high through-put screening technique were combined to establish a polymetallic sulphide composite g-C3N4 catalyst library and screen out high efficiency catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenli Liu
- Lab of Env-Mat
- Department of Environmental Science
- School of Geography and Tourism
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
| | - Sifan Bi
- Lab of Env-Mat
- Department of Environmental Science
- School of Geography and Tourism
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Lab of Env-Mat
- Department of Environmental Science
- School of Geography and Tourism
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
| | - Qiannan Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710127
- China
| | - Yunjin Feng
- Lab of Env-Mat
- Department of Environmental Science
- School of Geography and Tourism
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
| | - Jiayuan Chen
- Lab of Env-Mat
- Department of Environmental Science
- School of Geography and Tourism
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
| | - Run Luo
- Lab of Env-Mat
- Department of Environmental Science
- School of Geography and Tourism
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
| | - Yicai Huang
- Lab of Env-Mat
- Department of Environmental Science
- School of Geography and Tourism
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
| | - Jianchao Lee
- Lab of Env-Mat
- Department of Environmental Science
- School of Geography and Tourism
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710062
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Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms can spread throughout the world population, as the current COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically demonstrated. In this scenario, a protection against pathogens and other microorganisms can come from the use of photoactive materials as antimicrobial agents able to hinder, or at least limit, their spreading by means of photocatalytically assisted processes activated by light—possibly sunlight—promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can kill microorganisms in different matrices such as water or different surfaces without affecting human health. In this review, we focus the attention on TiO2 nanoparticle-based antimicrobial materials, intending to provide an overview of the most promising synthetic techniques, toward possible large-scale production, critically review the capability of such materials to promote pathogen (i.e., bacteria, virus, and fungi) inactivation, and, finally, take a look at selected technological applications.
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Chalcopyrite/Silver Phosphate Composites with Enhanced Degradation of Rhodamine B under Photo-Fenton Process. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112300. [PMID: 33233690 PMCID: PMC7699740 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new composite by coupling chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) with silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) (CuFeS2/Ag3PO4) was proposed by using a cyclic microwave heating method. The prepared composites were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Under optimum conditions and 2.5 W irradiation (wavelength length > 420 nm, power density = 0.38 Wcm−2), 96% of rhodamine B (RhB) was degraded by CuFeS2/Ag3PO4 within a 1 min photo-Fenton reaction, better than the performance of Ag3PO4 (25% degradation within 10 min), CuFeS2 (87.7% degradation within 1 min), and mechanically mixed CuFeS2/Ag3PO4 catalyst. RhB degradation mainly depended on the amount of hydroxyl radicals generated from the Fenton reaction. The degradation mechanism of CuFeS2/Ag3PO4 from the photo-Fenton reaction was deduced using a free radical trapping experiment, the chemical reaction of coumarin, and photocurrent and luminescence response. The incorporation of CuFeS2 in Ag3PO4 enhanced the charge separation of Ag3PO4 and reduced Ag3PO4 photocorrosion as the photogenerated electrons on Ag3PO4 were transferred to regenerate Cu2+/Fe3+ ions produced from the Fenton reaction to Cu+/Fe2+ ions, thus simultaneously maintaining the CuFeS2 intact. This demonstrates the synergistic effect on material stability. However, hydroxyl radicals were produced by both the photogenerated holes of Ag3PO4 and the Fenton reaction of CuFeS2 as another synergistic effect in catalysis. Notably, the degradation performance and the reusability of CuFeS2/Ag3PO4 were promoted. The practical applications of this new material were demonstrated from the effective performance of CuFeS2/Ag3PO4 composites in degrading various dyestuffs (90–98.9% degradation within 10 min) and dyes in environmental water samples (tap water, river water, pond water, seawater, treated wastewater) through enhanced the Fenton reaction under sunlight irradiation.
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Asli SA, Taghizadeh M. Sonophotocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants by ZnO‐Based Catalysts: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahebeh Alizadeh Asli
- Chemical Engineering Department Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Babol Iran
| | - Majid Taghizadeh
- Chemical Engineering Department Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Babol Iran
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Porcar-Santos O, Cruz-Alcalde A, López-Vinent N, Zanganas D, Sans C. Photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole using TiO 2 in simulated seawater: Evidence for direct formation of reactive halogen species and halogenated by-products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139605. [PMID: 32502784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays photoactivation mechanism of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and reactive species involved in saline waters is not sufficiently established. In this study, TiO2 photocatalytic process under simulated solar irradiation was evaluated in synthetic seawater and compared with deionized water, using sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as model organic compound. For a TiO2 concentration of 100 mg L-1, SMX degradation resulted two times slower in seawater than in deionized water by the determination of their pseudo-first order rate constants of 0.020 min-1 and 0.041 min-1, respectively. Selected scavenging experiments revealed no significant contribution of hydroxyl radicals (OH) on the degradation process in seawater, while these radicals contributed to circa 60% on the SMX depletion in deionized water. Instead, the involvement of reactive halogen species (RHS) as main contributors for the SMX degradation in seawater could be established. A mechanism for the RHS generation was proposed, whose initiation reactions involve halides with the TiO2 photogenerated holes, yielding chlorine and bromine radicals (Cl and Br) that may later generate other RHS. Production of RHS was further confirmed by the identification of SMX transformation products (TPs) and their evolution over time, carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). SMX transformation was conducted through halogenation, dimerization and oxidation pathways, involving mainly RHS. Most of the detected transformation products accumulated over time (up to 360 min of irradiation). These findings bring concerns about the viability of photocatalytic water treatments using TiO2 NPs in saline waters, as RHS could be yielded resulting in the generation and accumulation of halogenated organic byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Porcar-Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alberto Cruz-Alcalde
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria López-Vinent
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dimitrios Zanganas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Sans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Critical Issues and Guidelines to Improve the Performance of Photocatalytic Polymeric Membranes. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMR), with immobilized photocatalysts, play an important role in process intensification strategies; this approach offers a simple solution to the typical catalyst recovery problem of photocatalytic processes and, by simultaneous filtration and photocatalysis of the aqueous streams, facilitates clean water production in a single unit. The synthesis of polymer photocatalytic membranes has been widely explored, while studies focused on ceramic photocatalytic membranes represent a minority. However, previous reports have identified that the successful synthesis of polymeric photocatalytic membranes still faces certain challenges that demand further research, e.g., (i) reduced photocatalytic activity, (ii) photocatalyst stability, and (iii) membrane aging, to achieve technological competitiveness with respect to suspended photocatalytic systems. The novelty of this review is to go a step further to preceding literature by first, critically analyzing the factors behind these major limitations and second, establishing useful guidelines. This information will help researchers in the field in the selection of the membrane materials and synthesis methodology for a better performance of polymeric photocatalytic membranes with targeted functionality; special attention is focused on factors affecting membrane aging and photocatalyst stability.
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