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Khurshid A, Inayat R, Basit A, Mobarak SH, Gui SH, Liu TX. Effects of thiamethoxam on physiological and molecular responses to potato plant (Solanum tuberosum), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), and parasitoid (Aphidius gifuensis). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3000-3009. [PMID: 38312101 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve integrated pest management (IPM) performance it is essential to assess pesticide side effects on host plants, insect pests, and natural enemies. The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) is a major insect pest that attacks various crops. Aphidius gifuensis is an essential natural enemy of M. persicae that has been applied effectively in controlling M. persicae. Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid pesticide widely used against insect pests. RESULTS The current study showed the effect of thiamethoxam against Solanum tuberosum, M. persicae, and A. gefiuensis and the physiological and molecular response of the plants, aphids, and parasitoids after thiamethoxam application. Thiamethoxam affected the physical parameters of S. tuberosum and generated a variety of sublethal effects on M. persicae and A. gefiuensis, including nymph development time, adult longevity, and fertility. Our results showed that different thiamethoxam concentrations [0.1, 0.5, and 0.9 μm active ingredient (a.i.)/L] on different time durations (2, 6, and 10 days) increased the antioxidant enzyme activities SOD, POD, and CAT of S. tuberosum, M. persicae, and A. gefiuensis significantly compared with the control. Our results also showed that different thiamethoxam concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 0.9 μm a.i./L) on different time durations (2, 6, and 10 days) increased the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes of S. tuberosum, M. persicae, and A. gefiuensis compared with the control. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that using thiamethoxam at suitable concentrations and time durations for host plants and natural enemies may enhance natural control through the conservation of natural enemies by overcoming any fitness disadvantages. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rehan Inayat
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Abdul Basit
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Shun-Hua Gui
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Lee ST, Davis JA. The impact of thiamethoxam on the feeding and behavior of 2 soybean herbivore feeding guilds. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1621-1635. [PMID: 37473818 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, inadvertent consequences have stemmed from the intensified use of neonicotinoids in agroecosystems. Neonicotinoid applications can result in both positive (e.g., reduced persistent virus transmission) and negative (e.g., increased host susceptibility) repercussions exhibiting ambiguity for their use in crop production. In soybean, aspects of neonicotinoid usage such as the impact on nonpersistent virus transmission and efficacy against nontarget herbivores have not been addressed. This study evaluated the interaction between the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam and soybean variety and the impact on different pest feeding guilds. Feeding and behavioral bioassays were conducted in the laboratory to assess the effect of thiamethoxam on the mortality and weight gain of the defoliator, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker). Bioassays evaluated impacts dependent and independent of soybean tissue, in addition to both localized and systemic efficacy within the soybean plant. Additionally, using the electrical penetration graph technique (EPG), the probing behavior of 2 piercing-sucking pests, Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae (Sulzer), was observed. Results from defoliator bioassays revealed thiamethoxam had insecticidal activity against C. includens. Distinctions in thiamethoxam-related mortality between bioassays dependent and independent of soybean tissue (~98% versus ~30% mortality) indicate a contribution of the plant towards defoliator-related toxicity. Observations of defoliator feeding behavior showed a preference for untreated soybean tissue relative to thiamethoxam-treated tissue, suggesting a deterrent effect of thiamethoxam. EPG monitoring of probing behavior exhibited a minimal effect of thiamethoxam on piercing-sucking herbivores. Findings from this study suggest neonicotinoids like thiamethoxam may provide some benefit via insecticidal activity against nontarget defoliators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Lee
- Department of Entomology, LSU Agricultural Center, 404 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Davis
- Department of Entomology, LSU Agricultural Center, 404 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Liu J, Wang C, Li H, Gao Y, Yang Y, Lu Y. Bottom-Up Effects of Drought-Stressed Cotton Plants on Performance and Feeding Behavior of Aphis gossypii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2886. [PMID: 37571039 PMCID: PMC10420646 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought, a major stress for crop plants, is expected to increase in frequency due to climate change. Drought can alter crop growth and levels of secondary plant metabolites, which in turn can affect herbivores, but this latter point is still controversial. This study used three different polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) levels (0%, 1%, and 3%) to simulate drought stress and evaluated their effects on cotton plants and the impacts on the performance of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii. Cotton plants under drought stress showed decreased water content, above-ground biomass, and nitrogen content and increased soluble protein, soluble sugar, and tannin contents. Based on analysis of the developmental time and fecundity data from individuals and at the population level, a significantly lower fecundity and population abundance of A. gossypii were detected on cotton plants with drought stress, which supports the "plant vigor hypothesis". The poor development of A. gossypii is possibly related to lower xylem sap and phloem ingestion under drought stress. In addition, the increased tannin content of cotton plants induced by drought and lower detoxification enzyme activities of A. gossypii may have affected the responses of aphids to drought-stressed plants. Overall, the results showed that drought stress altered the physiological characteristics of the cotton plants, resulting in adverse bottom-up effects on cotton aphid performances. This implies that the adoption of drip irrigation under plastic film that can help alleviate drought stress may favor the population growth of cotton aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (Y.G.)
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225007, China
| | - Huatong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yizhong Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225007, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (Y.G.)
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Rodríguez BD, Kloth KJ, Albrectsen BR. Effects of condensed tannins on behavior and performance of a specialist aphid on aspen. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9229. [PMID: 36016819 PMCID: PMC9396707 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes involved in plant defences against herbivores and pathogens are often highly polymorphic. This is a putative sign that balancing selection may have operated reciprocally on the hosts and their herbivores. Spatial and temporal variations (for example, in soil nutrients and the plants' ontogenetic development) may also modulate resistance traits, and thus selection pressures, but have been largely overlooked in theories of plant defences. Important elements of defences in Populus tremula (hereafter aspen) are phenolic compounds, including condensed tannins (CTs). Concentrations of CTs vary considerably with both variations in external factors and time, but they are also believed to provide genotype-dependent resistance, mainly against chewing herbivores and pathogens. However, evidence of their contributions to resistance is sparse. Detailed studies of co-evolved plant-herbivore associations could provide valuable insights into these contributions. Therefore, we examined correlations between CT levels in aspen leaves and both the feeding behavior and reproduction of the specialist aspen leaf aphid (Chaitophorus tremulae) in varied conditions. We found that xylem sap intake and probing difficulties were higher on genotypes with high-CT concentrations. However, aphids engaged in more nonprobing activities on low-CT genotypes, indicating that CTs were not the only defence traits involved. Thus, high-CT genotypes were not necessarily more resistant than low-CT genotypes, but aphid reproduction was generally negatively correlated with local CT accumulation. Genotype-specific resistance ranking also depended on the experimental conditions. These results support the hypothesis that growth conditions may affect selection pressures mediated by aphids in accordance with balancing selection theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Díez Rodríguez
- Department of Plant Ecology and GeobotanyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
- Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreUmeåSweden
| | - Karen J. Kloth
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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Host Acceptance and Plant Resistance: A Comparative Behavioral Study of Myzus persicae and Acyrthosiphon pisum. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12110975. [PMID: 34821776 PMCID: PMC8622697 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Aphids are one of the most destructive insect pests worldwide. The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) feeds on a broad range of plants, whereas the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) only feeds on legumes. In this study, these two aphid species were used to investigate host acceptance and plant resistance to aphid feeding. Experiments on host plant preference and aphid performance (with regard to survival, development, and fecundity) confirmed that rape (Brassica rapa) is a suitable host and that faba bean (Vicia faba) is a poor host for the green peach aphid; for the pea aphid, faba bean is a suitable host, whereas rape is a nonhost. The probing and feeding behavior of these two aphid species on rape and faba bean was examined, and the results demonstrated the feeding preferences of these two aphid species. The green peach aphid had difficulty ingesting the phloem sap of faba bean. For the nonhost, the pea aphid spent relatively little time on mesophyll probing and did not achieve phloem sap ingestion. Furthermore, the effects of the probing and feeding behavior of specialist and generalist aphids on the spread of plant diseases caused by viruses were discussed. Abstract Aphids are prominent phloem-feeding insect pests. Myzus persicae and Acyrthosiphon pisum are generalist and specialist species, respectively. In this study, these two aphid species were used to investigate host acceptance and plant resistance to aphid feeding. M.persicae survived and reproduced on rape (Brassica rapa), but few individuals (9%) survived on faba bean (Vicia faba). A.pisum survived and reproduced on faba bean, but no A.pisum survived on rape. The probing and feeding behavior of M. persicae and A. pisum on rape and faba bean was examined using an electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. The results demonstrated the feeding preferences of these two aphid species. The EPG results suggest that the resistance of faba bean to M. persicae and that of rape to A. pisum are likely residing in the phloem and mesophyll tissues, respectively. Due to the distinct probing and feeding behaviors, specialist and generalist aphids would have different impacts on the epidemiology of plant viral diseases. The findings can be applied to the management of viral diseases transmitted by specialist or generalist aphids in crop production.
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Wang J, Song J, Wu XB, Deng QQ, Zhu ZY, Ren MJ, Ye M, Zeng RS. Seed priming with calcium chloride enhances wheat resistance against wheat aphid Schizaphis graminum Rondani. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4709-4718. [PMID: 34146457 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. Although it has been shown that exogenous Ca application can increase plant resistance to abiotic stress, little is known about its potential to enhance plant tolerance to biotic stress. Here, we investigated whether pretreatment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds with calcium chloride (CaCl2 ) improves plant resistance against wheat aphid (Schizaphis graminum Rondani). The developmental time, population size, feeding behavior of aphids on plants grown from CaCl2 - and water-pretreated seeds, and plant defense responses to aphid attack were investigated. RESULTS Seed pretreatment with CaCl2 extended aphid development time and reduced aphid population size and feeding efficiency. In addition, the pretreatment significantly increased the concentration of Ca2+ in wheat leaves, and upregulated expression levels of TaCaM genes and callose synthase genes (TaGSL2, TaGSL8, TaGSL10, TaGSL12, TaGSL19, TaGSL22 and TaGSL23). Callose concentration in the leaves of plants grown from CaCl2 -pretreated seeds increased significantly upon aphid attack. Further, callose deposition was observed mainly in the phloem. CONCLUSION These results suggest that seed pretreatment with CaCl2 primes the plant response against wheat aphid attack, leading to modulation of callose deposition in the phloem in response to aphid attack. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia Song
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Bao Wu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian-Qian Deng
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhong-Yan Zhu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming-Jian Ren
- Guizhou Branch of the National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, China
| | - Ren-Sen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Uses of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Sunamura E, Tamura S, Taki H, Sato H, Shoda-Kagaya E, Urano T. Efficacy of Two Neonicotinoid Insecticides against Invasive Wood Borer Aromia bungii Larvae in Dietary Toxicity Test. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12070592. [PMID: 34209802 PMCID: PMC8303763 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This study investigated the effects of two neonicotinoid insecticides (thiamethoxam and dinotefuran) on alien wood borer Aromia bungii, which invaded Japan recently. Small neonates and large larvae were fed artificial diet with different insecticide concentrations and then reared for 3 (neonates) or 12 (large larvae) weeks in the laboratory. Diet excavation immediately dropped in larvae exposed to high concentrations of both insecticides (≥1 ppm in neonates and ≥10 ppm in large larvae). Their growth was significantly suppressed, and the survival rate gradually declined over time (≥87% decline over 12 weeks in large larvae). These effects were similar between neonates and large larvae, but neonates were affected more by lower insecticide concentrations than large larvae. The two insecticides gradually debilitate A. bungii larvae. In practical use, rapid suppression of A. bungii wood boring damage can be expected by injecting these insecticides into infested trees. However, a relatively long–term retention of the insecticides may be required to kill the larvae in the trees, especially large larvae. Neonates may be controlled with less insecticides and shorter exposure than large larvae. Abstract In recent years, insecticide trunk injection was put into practical use for controlling wood boring pests. However, few studies have investigated the dose–response relationships between insecticides and wood–boring pests in detail. This study used two commercial formulations of the neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam and dinotefuran and investigated their dose–response relationships with invasive wood borer Aromia bungii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae. Neonates and late instar larvae were reared with an artificial diet containing different insecticide concentrations (0.01–100 ppm) in the laboratory, and their diet excavation activity, survival rate, and weight change were recorded. Diet excavation immediately dropped in larvae exposed to high concentrations of thiamethoxam or dinotefuran (≥1 ppm in neonates and ≥10 ppm in late instar larvae). The weight and survival rate gradually declined over 12 weeks in late instar larvae. These results suggest that the two neonicotinoids intoxicate and debilitate A. bungii larvae gradually to death. In practical use, rapid suppression of A. bungii wood boring damage can be expected by trunk injection of neonicotinoid insecticides. However, a relatively long-term retention of the insecticides may be required to kill large larvae. Neonates may be controlled with lower insecticide dosage and shorter exposure than larger larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiriki Sunamura
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; (S.T.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (E.S.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-829-8254
| | - Shigeaki Tamura
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; (S.T.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Hisatomo Taki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; (S.T.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; (S.T.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Etsuko Shoda-Kagaya
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; (S.T.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Tadahisa Urano
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Nagaikyutaroh 68, Momoyama-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan;
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Nalam V, Isaacs T, Moh S, Kansman J, Finke D, Albrecht T, Nachappa P. Diurnal feeding as a potential mechanism of osmoregulation in aphids. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:521-532. [PMID: 32240579 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal variation in phloem sap composition has a strong influence on aphid performance. The sugar-rich phloem sap serves as the sole diet for aphids and a suite of physiological mechanisms and behaviors allow them to tolerate the high osmotic stress. Here, we tested the hypothesis that night-time feeding by aphids is a behavior that takes advantage of the low sugar diet in the night to compensate for osmotic stress incurred while feeding on high sugar diet during the day. Using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique, we examined the effects of diurnal rhythm on feeding behaviors of bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) on wheat. A strong diurnal rhythm in aphids as indicated by the presence of a cyclical pattern of expression in a core clock gene did not impact aphid feeding and similar feeding behaviors were observed during day and night. The major difference observed between day and night feeding was that aphids spent significantly longer time in phloem salivation during the night compared to the day. In contrast, aphid hydration was reduced at the end of the day-time feeding compared to end of the night-time feeding. Gene expression analysis of R. padi osmoregulatory genes indicated that sugar breakdown and water transport into the aphid gut was reduced at night. These data suggest that while diurnal variation occurs in phloem sap composition, aphids use night-time feeding to overcome the high osmotic stress incurred while feeding on sugar-rich phloem sap during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi Nalam
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Travis Isaacs
- Department of Biology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA
| | - Sarah Moh
- Department of Biology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA
| | - Jessica Kansman
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Deborah Finke
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Tessa Albrecht
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Punya Nachappa
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Backus EA, Guedes RNC, Reif KE. AC-DC electropenetrography: fundamentals, controversies, and perspectives for arthropod pest management. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1132-1149. [PMID: 32926581 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studying the intimate association of arthropods with their physical substrate is both important and challenging. It is important because substrate is a key determinant for organism fitness; challenging because the intricacies of this association are dynamic, and difficult to record and resolve. The advent of electropenetrography (EPG) and subsequent developments allowed researchers to overcome this challenge. Nonetheless, EPG research has been historically restricted to piercing-sucking hemipteran plant pests. Recently, its potential use has been greatly broadened for additional pests with instrument advances. Thus, blood-feeding arthropods and chewing feeders, as well as non-feeding behaviors like oviposition by both pests and parasitoids, are novel new targets for EPG research, with critical consequences for integrated pest management. EPG can explain mechanisms of crop damage, plant or animal pathogen transmission, and the effects of insecticides, antifeedants, repellents, or transgenic plants and animals, on specific behaviors of damage or transmission. This review broadly covers the principles and development of EPG technology, emphasizing controversies and challenges remaining with suggested research to overcome them. In addition, it summarizes 60+ years of basic and applied EPG research, and previews future directions for pest management. The goal is to stimulate new applications for this unique enabling technology. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Backus
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, USA
| | | | - Kathryn E Reif
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Dai C, Ricupero M, Puglisi R, Lu Y, Desneux N, Biondi A, Zappalà L. Can contamination by major systemic insecticides affect the voracity of the harlequin ladybird? CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 256:126986. [PMID: 32445995 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Systemic neurotoxic insecticides are widely used to control aphid pests worldwide and their potential non-target effects on aphid predators are often unknown. Behavioral responses linked to biological control services are crucial when assessing the compatibility of chemicals with biocontrol organisms. This is particularly relevant for insecticides at low and sublethal concentrations. We studied the acute toxicity and the sublethal effect on the voracity of the generalist predator Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) caused by the exposure to three systemic insecticides routinely used against aphids. The tested insecticide concentrations were the Lethal Concentration 50% (LC50), 20% (LC20) and 1% (LC1) estimated for the target pest Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in a companion study. The survival and the voracity differed among the tested chemicals and concentrations, but only thiamethoxam at LC50 caused a significant predator mortality, and individuals that survived showed a reduced predation rate. The predators showed a density independent functional response after the exposure to most of the insecticide-concentration combinations, while an inverse density dependence of the prey consumption rate was observed for coccinellids exposed to sulfoxaflor and thiamethoxam at their lowest tested concentration. The estimated parameters, i.e., the attack rate and the prey handling time, were affected at higher concentrations by both imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor. These findings stress the importance of carefully evaluating side effects of insecticides at very low concentrations on beneficial arthropods in the risk assessment schemes for sustainable pest control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Dai
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, Catania, Italy; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, 100193, China; Northeast Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Michele Ricupero
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Puglisi
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, Catania, Italy
| | - Yanhui Lu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000, Nice, France
| | - Antonio Biondi
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, Catania, Italy.
| | - Lucia Zappalà
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, Catania, Italy
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Yang Y, Liu D, Liu X, Wang B, Shi X. Divergence of Desiccation-Related Traits in Sitobion avenae from Northwestern China. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090626. [PMID: 32932880 PMCID: PMC7565472 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of drought on insects has become increasingly evident in the context of global climate change, but the physiological mechanisms of aphids' responses to desiccating environments are still not well understood. We sampled the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from arid areas of northwestern China. Both desiccation-resistant and -nonresistant genotypes were identified, providing direct evidence of genetic divergence in desiccation resistance of S. avenae. Resistant genotypes of wingless S. avenae showed longer survival time and LT50 under the desiccation stress (i.e., 10% relative humidity) than nonresistant genotypes, and wingless individuals tended to have higher desiccation resistance than winged ones. Both absolute and relative water contents did not differ between the two kinds of genotypes. Resistant genotypes had lower water loss rates than nonresistant genotypes for both winged and wingless individuals, suggesting that modulation of water loss rates could be the primary strategy in resistance of this aphid against desiccation stress. Contents of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) (especially methyl-branched alkanes) showed significant increase for both resistant and nonresistant genotypes after exposure to the desiccation stress for 24 h. Under desiccation stress, survival time was positively correlated with contents of methyl-branched alkanes for resistant genotypes. Thus, the content of methyl-branched alkanes and their high plasticity could be closely linked to water loss rate and desiccation resistance in S. avenae. Our results provide insights into fundamental aspects and underlying mechanisms of desiccation resistance in aphids, and have significant implications for the evolution of aphid populations in the context of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (B.W.); (X.S.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Deguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (B.W.); (X.S.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (B.W.); (X.S.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Biyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (B.W.); (X.S.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (B.W.); (X.S.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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12
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Souza MF, Davis JA. Detailed Characterization of Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Feeding Behavior on Different Host Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:683-691. [PMID: 32333015 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner is reported on several plants in the family Poaceae, including important crops. In the United States, M. sacchari has been present primarily on sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), but recently sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) has become a main host. It is not clear how M. sacchari exploits sorghum or other plant species present in the Louisiana agro-ecoscape, but there is potential for these plants to be bridging hosts. Thus, this study determined the feeding behavior of M. sacchari on sorghum, rice, Oryza sativa (L.), sweetpotato, Ipomea batatas (L.), maize, Zea mays (L.), Johnsongrass, S. halepense (L.), and wheat Triticum aestivum (L.) using electrical penetration graphs. Melanaphis sacchari established sustained feeding on sorghum, Johnsongrass, wheat, and rice, only a negligent percentage on maize and no aphid fed on sweetpotato. Differences in Electrical Penetration Graph parameters among the plants in nonpenetrating total time and the lower number of probes, time to penetration initiation, proportion of individuals probing, number of probes shorter than 30 s, number of probes longer than 30 s but shorter than 3 min, pathway phase duration, and number of cell punctures during pathway phase, suggest epidermis and mesophyll factors affecting aphid feeding behavior. While the lack of differences in number of feeding occurrences, total time feeding, and number of sustained feeding occurrences shows that M. sacchari is able to feed on those plants, sieve element factors such as resistance or low nutritional quality prevent the growth of this population in field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Souza
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 404 Life Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - J A Davis
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 404 Life Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA
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13
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Lu Z, Dong S, Li C, Li L, Yu Y, Yin S, Men X. Sublethal and transgenerational effects of sulfoxaflor on the demography and feeding behaviour of the mirid bug Apolygus lucorum. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232812. [PMID: 32407334 PMCID: PMC7224452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfoxaflor, the first commercially available sulfoximine insecticide, has been used for the control of sap-feeding insect pests such as plant bugs and aphids on a variety of crops. However, its sublethal effects on the mirid bug Apolygus lucorum, one of the key insect pests of Bt cotton and fruit trees in China, have not been fully examined. Here, we evaluated the demography and feeding behaviour of A. lucorum exposed to sulfoxaflor. The leaf-dipping bioassay showed that the LC10 and LC30 of sulfoxaflor against 3rd-instar nymphs of this insect were 1.23 and 8.37 mg L-1, respectively. The LC10 significantly extended the nymphal duration and decreased the oviposition period by 5.29 days and female fecundity by 56.99% in the parent generation (F0). The longer duration of egg, 5th-instar nymphs, preadult, and male adult longevity were observed in the F1 generation (F1) at LC10. At the LC30, the duration of egg and 1st-instar nymph, female adult longevity, and oviposition period of the F1 were significantly shorter, while the nymphal duration in the F0 and duration of 5th-instar nymphs, preadult survival rate, and male adult longevity in the F1 significantly increased. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) in the F1 were not significantly affected by these two concentrations, whereas the mean generation time (T) was lower at the LC30. Additionally, the probe counts and cells mixture feeding time were markedly lengthened by the LC10 and LC30, respectively, when A. lucorum nymphs exposed to sulfoxaflor fed on Bt cotton plants without insecticides. These results clearly indicate that sulfoxaflor causes sublethal effects on A. lucorum and the transgenerational effects depend on the tested concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengbin Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China
| | - Song Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuyan Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xingyuan Men
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Wang L, Wang Q, Wang Q, Rui C, Cui L. The feeding behavior and life history changes in imidacloprid-resistant Aphis gossypii glover (Homoptera: Aphididae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1402-1412. [PMID: 31622011 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imidacloprid (IMI) is a major neonicotinoid insecticide used to control Aphis gossypii Glover. However, resistance to IMI developed rapidly in A. gossypii. The feeding behavior and life history changes associated with IMI resistance were studied in A. gossypii. RESULTS The resistant population with a point mutation (R81T) in the nAChR β1 subunit showed an IMI resistance ratio of 58.12. This IMI-resistant A. gossypii became more active in finding an appropriate position for feeding. They made more intercellular apoplastic stylet pathway events (C) than the susceptible population. Moreover, the probing and feeding behavior of two aphid populations were dramatically altered by IMI. The phloem ingestion (E2) duration was significantly longer for IMI-resistant aphids on IMI-treated plants (WDI: 208.70 ± 17.38 min) than on control plants (WDI: 133.80 ± 16.37 min). However, IMI statistically reduced the ability of susceptible aphids to find and feed from the phloem. The number and duration of phloem-related activities were sharply decreased for the susceptible aphids treated with IMI. In addition, the resistant population showed an increased relative fitness of 1.36. The fecundity of IMI-resistant adults was dramatically higher than that of the susceptible population. This difference also led to an increase in the net reproductive rate (R0 ) for the IMI-resistant A. gossypii. CONCLUSIONS Imidacloprid provoked phloem-feeding more rapidly and effectively in IMI-resistant A. gossypii, but significantly suppressed the feeding of susceptible A. gossypii. Therefore, the resistance to IMI can result in stimulated feeding and fecundity and subsequent population outbreaks, which make the control of IMI-resistant A. gossypii more challenging. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changhui Rui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Ebert TA, Rogers ME. Probing Behavior of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) on Valencia Orange Influenced by Sex, Color, and Size. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5816648. [PMID: 32252064 PMCID: PMC7136007 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Jagoueix, Bové, and Garnier (Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae) is transmitted by the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and putatively causes Huanglongbing disease in citrus. Huanglongbing has reduced yields by 68% relative to pre-disease yields in Florida. Disease management is partly through vector control. Understanding vector biology is essential in this endeavor. Our goal was to document differences in probing behavior linked to sex. Based on both a literature review and our results, we conclude that there is either no effect of sex or that identifying such an effect requires a sample size at least four times larger than standard methodologies. Including both color and sex in statistical models did not improve model performance. Both sex and color are correlated with body size, and body size has not been considered in previous studies on sex in D. citri in terms of probing behavior. An effect of body size was found wherein larger psyllids took longer to reach ingestion behaviors and larger individuals spent more time-ingesting phloem, but these relationships explained little of the variability in these data. We suggest that the effects of sex can be ignored when running EPG experiments on healthy psyllids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Ebert
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Michael E Rogers
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL
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16
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van Munster M. Impact of Abiotic Stresses on Plant Virus Transmission by Aphids. Viruses 2020; 12:E216. [PMID: 32075208 PMCID: PMC7077179 DOI: 10.3390/v12020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants regularly encounter abiotic constraints, and plant response to stress has been a focus of research for decades. Given increasing global temperatures and elevated atmospheric CO2 levels and the occurrence of water stress episodes driven by climate change, plant biochemistry, in particular, plant defence responses, may be altered significantly. Environmental factors also have a wider impact, shaping viral transmission processes that rely on a complex set of interactions between, at least, the pathogen, the vector, and the host plant. This review considers how abiotic stresses influence the transmission and spread of plant viruses by aphid vectors, mainly through changes in host physiology status, and summarizes the latest findings in this research field. The direct effects of climate change and severe weather events that impact the feeding behaviour of insect vectors as well as the major traits (e.g., within-host accumulation, disease severity and transmission) of viral plant pathogens are discussed. Finally, the intrinsic capacity of viruses to react to environmental cues in planta and how this may influence viral transmission efficiency is summarized. The clear interaction between biotic (virus) and abiotic stresses is a risk that must be accounted for when modelling virus epidemiology under scenarios of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella van Munster
- INRA, UMR385, CIRAD TA-A54K, Campus International de Baillarguet, CEDEX 05, 34398 Montpellier, France
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17
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Lu Z, Dong S, Li C, Li L, Yu Y, Men X, Yin S. Sublethal and transgenerational effects of dinotefuran on biological parameters and behavioural traits of the mirid bug Apolygus lucorum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:226. [PMID: 31937822 PMCID: PMC6959236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mirid bug, Apolygus lucorum, has become a major pest of many crops and fruit trees since the widespread adoption of Bt cotton in northern China. Neonicotinoid insecticides, such as dinotefuran, applied to control this pest may show sublethal effects, but evidence for such effects is lacking. Here, we investigated the sublethal and transgenerational effects of dinotefuran on biological parameters and feeding behavioural traits of A. lucorum using the age-stage, two-sex life table and electrical penetration graphs (EPGs), respectively. The LC10 and LC30 of dinotefuran against 3rd-instar nymphs of A. lucorum were 14.72 and 62.95 mg L−1, respectively. These two concentrations significantly extended the development duration from 3rd-instar nymph to adult in parent generation (F0). LC30 also increased the oviposition period and male adult longevity and reduced nymphal survival rate in the F0. For offspring generation (F1), the egg duration, preadult duration, and total preoviposition period were significantly lower at LC10 than in the control, and the egg duration, duration of 4th-instar nymphs, preadult duration, oviposition period, and fecundity were also decreased at LC30. However, the four demographic parameters of F1 generation, namely, net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and mean generation time (T), were not affected by dinotefuran. The significant differences in the number of probes and duration of each of four feeding waveforms failed to be detected when A. lucorum nymphs treated by dinotefuran feed on Bt cotton plants without insecticide exposure. Overall, the dinotefuran concentrations tested here have sublethal, but no transgenerational impacts on A. lucorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengbin Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.,Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Song Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xingyuan Men
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Shuyan Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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18
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Waqas MS, Qian L, Shoaib AAZ, Cheng X, Zhang Q, Elabasy ASS, Shi Z. Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on the Adults of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Tomato Plants. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1314-1321. [PMID: 30753639 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acetamiprid and imidacloprid are two important neonicotinoid insecticides that are widely utilized under field conditions for the management of sucking insect pests, including the solenopsis mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Although some information is available regarding their lethal effects, nothing is currently known about the sublethal effects of these insecticides. We, therefore, performed a series of experiments to test the lethal and sublethal effects of these chemicals on oviposition duration and fecundity. We also assessed sublethal effects on feeding behavior using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. The results of this study reveal that acetamiprid toxicity is higher than imidacloprid and that both insecticides have negative effects on the oviposition, fecundity, and feeding behavior of P. solenopsis when applied at sublethal dosages. These chemicals also significantly reduce oviposition duration and fecundity and significantly prolong nonprobing duration, increase penetration problems, and reduce phloem and xylem feeding activities when compared with adults exposed to just water. No significant differences were detected in all waveform durations and events when adults previously exposed to foliage treated with each of these two insecticides were compared. The results of this study, therefore, suggest that both insecticides are capable of protecting crops from mealybug damage by not only killing these pests directly but also reducing their fecundity and inhibiting feeding behaviors when applied at sublethal dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Waqas
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ali Ahmed Zaky Shoaib
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Xinlai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Asem Saad Saad Elabasy
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zuhua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Li W, Lu Z, Li L, Yu Y, Dong S, Men X, Ye B. Sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the performance of the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204097. [PMID: 30235260 PMCID: PMC6147452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), is a major insect pest of cereal crops in many countries. Imidacloprid has been widely used for controlling piercing-sucking insect pests worldwide, but its sublethal effects on R. padi have not been well addressed. In this study, we investigated the sublethal effects of imidacloprid on biological parameters and five enzyme activities of R. padi. The LC10, LC20, and LC25 of imidacloprid to adult aphids were 0.0053, 0.0329 and 0.0659 mg L-1, respectively. These concentrations significantly decreased pre-adult survival rate, but prolonged the development duration of 1st instar nymphs, pre-oviposition period, and adult longevity. Adult oviposition period was also extended by LC20. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0), and finite rate (λ) decreased at all three concentrations, whereas mean generation time (T) increased. Moreover, LC20 and LC25 significantly inhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, but increased catalase (CAT) activity. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity also increased at LC20. However, cytochrome P450 enzyme and peroxidase (POD) activity did not differ between imidacloprid treatments and the control. In conclusion, the imidacloprid concentrations tested here have negative impacts on the performance of R. padi by reducing its nymphal survival, extending the development duration of some stages, decreasing the rate of population growth, and altering enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zengbin Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, China, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Song Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xingyuan Men
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (XM); (BY)
| | - Baohua Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- * E-mail: (XM); (BY)
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20
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Crossthwaite AJ, Bigot A, Camblin P, Goodchild J, Lind RJ, Slater R, Maienfisch P. The invertebrate pharmacology of insecticides acting at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2017; 42:67-83. [PMID: 30363948 PMCID: PMC6183333 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d17-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel composed of 5 protein subunits arranged around a central cation selective pore. Several classes of natural and synthetic insecticides mediate their effect through interacting at nAChRs. This review examines the basic pharmacology of the neonicotinoids and related chemistry, with an emphasis on sap-feeding insects from the order Hemiptera, the principle pest target for such insecticides. Although the receptor subunit stoichiometry for endogenous invertebrate nAChRs is unknown, there is clear evidence for the existence of distinct neonicotinoid binding sites in native insect preparations, which reflects the predicted wide repertoire of nAChRs and differing pharmacology within this insecticide class. The spinosyns are principally used to control chewing pests such as Lepidoptera, whilst nereistoxin analogues are used on pests of rice and vegetables through contact and systemic action, the pharmacology of both these insecticides is unique and different to that of the neonicotinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Crossthwaite
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Aurelien Bigot
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Camblin
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schwarzwaldallee 215, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jim Goodchild
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Robert J. Lind
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Russell Slater
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schwarzwaldallee 215, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Maienfisch
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schwarzwaldallee 215, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Lu YH, Zheng XS, Gao XW. Sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the fecundity, longevity, and enzyme activity of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2016; 106:551-559. [PMID: 27161277 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aphid species Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi are the most important pests in wheat growing regions of many countries. In this study, we investigated the sublethal effects of imidacloprid on fecundity, longevity, and enzyme activity in both aphid species by comparing 3-h exposure for one or three generations. Our results indicated that 3-h exposure to sublethal doses of imidacloprid for one generation had no discernible effect on the survival, fecundity, longevity, or enzyme activity levels of aphids. However, when pulse exposures to imidacloprid were sustained over three generations, both fecundity and longevity were significantly decreased in both S. avenae and R. padi. Interestingly, the fecundity of R. padi had almost recovered by the F5 generation, but its longevity was still deleteriously affected. These results indicated that R. padi laid eggs in shorter time lags and has a more fast resilience. The change in reproduction behavior may be a phenomenon of R. padi to compensate its early death. If this is stable for the next generation, it means that the next generation is more competitive than unexposed populations, which could be the reason underlying population outbreaks that occur after longer-term exposure to an insecticide. This laboratory-based study highlights the sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the longevity and fecundity of descendants and provides an empirical basis from which to consider management decisions for chemical control in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China
| | - X-S Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China
| | - X-W Gao
- Department of Entomology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China
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Liu G, Ma H, Xie H, Xuan N, Guo X, Fan Z, Rajashekar B, Arnaud P, Offmann B, Picimbon JF. Biotype Characterization, Developmental Profiling, Insecticide Response and Binding Property of Bemisia tabaci Chemosensory Proteins: Role of CSP in Insect Defense. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154706. [PMID: 27167733 PMCID: PMC4864240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are believed to play a key role in the chemosensory process in insects. Sequencing genomic DNA and RNA encoding CSP1, CSP2 and CSP3 in the sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci showed strong variation between B and Q biotypes. Analyzing CSP-RNA levels showed not only biotype, but also age and developmental stage-specific expression. Interestingly, applying neonicotinoid thiamethoxam insecticide using twenty-five different dose/time treatments in B and Q young adults showed that Bemisia CSP1, CSP2 and CSP3 were also differentially regulated over insecticide exposure. In our study one of the adult-specific gene (CSP1) was shown to be significantly up-regulated by the insecticide in Q, the most highly resistant form of B. tabaci. Correlatively, competitive binding assays using tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking demonstrated that CSP1 protein preferentially bound to linoleic acid, while CSP2 and CSP3 proteins rather associated to another completely different type of chemical, i.e. α-pentyl-cinnamaldehyde (jasminaldehyde). This might indicate that some CSPs in whiteflies are crucial to facilitate the transport of fatty acids thus regulating some metabolic pathways of the insect immune response, while some others are tuned to much more volatile chemicals known not only for their pleasant odor scent, but also for their potent toxic insecticide activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxia Liu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Ma
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Xuan
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongxue Fan
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Jinan, China
| | - Balaji Rajashekar
- University of Tartu, Institute of Computer Science, 2 Liivi, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Philippe Arnaud
- University of Nantes, Protein Engineering and Functionality Unit, UMR CNRS 6286, 2 La Houssinière, Nantes, France
| | - Bernard Offmann
- University of Nantes, Protein Engineering and Functionality Unit, UMR CNRS 6286, 2 La Houssinière, Nantes, France
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Buchholz A, Trapp S. How active ingredient localisation in plant tissues determines the targeted pest spectrum of different chemistries. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:929-939. [PMID: 26112169 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacies of four commercial insecticides and of two research compounds were tested against aphids (Aphis craccivora and Myzus persicae), whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and red-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) in intrinsic (oral administration), curative (direct contact spray) and translaminar (arthropods infested on untreated leaf underside) assays. With a new translaminar model, the transport across the leaf cuticle and tissues and the electrochemical distribution of test compounds in cellular compartments and apoplast were calculated. RESULTS The comparison of both information sets revealed that the intracellular localisation of active ingredients determines the performance of test compounds against different target pests because of different feeding behaviours: mites feed on mesophyll, and aphids and whiteflies mostly in the vascular system. Polar compounds have a slow adsorption into leaf cells and thus a favourable distribution into apoplast and xylem sap. Slightly lipophilic bases get trapped in vacuoles, which is a less suited place to control hemipteran pests but appropriate to control mites. Non-favourable cellular localisation led to a strong reduction in translaminar efficacy against phloem feeders. CONCLUSION Prediction and optimisation of intracellular localisation of pesticides add valuable new information for targeted bioavailability and can indicate directions for improved pesticide design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Trapp
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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24
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Sun Y, Guo H, Ge F. Plant-Aphid Interactions Under Elevated CO2: Some Cues from Aphid Feeding Behavior. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:502. [PMID: 27148325 PMCID: PMC4829579 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) accelerates the accumulation of carbohydrates and increases the biomass and yield of C3 crop plants, it also reduces their nitrogen concentration. The consequent changes in primary and secondary metabolites affect the palatability of host plants and the feeding of herbivorous insects. Aphids are phloem feeders and are considered the only feeding guild that positively responds to elevated CO2. In this review, we consider how elevated CO2 modifies host defenses, nutrients, and water-use efficiency by altering concentrations of the phytohormones jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, and abscisic acid. We will describe how these elevated CO2-induced changes in defenses, nutrients, and water statusfacilitate specific stages of aphid feeding, including penetration, phloem-feeding, and xylem absorption. We conclude that a better understanding of the effects of elevated CO2 on aphids and on aphid damage to crop plants will require research on the molecular aspects of the interaction between plant and aphid but also research on aphid interactions with their intra- and inter-specific competitors and with their natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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25
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Guo H, Sun Y, Peng X, Wang Q, Harris M, Ge F. Up-regulation of abscisic acid signaling pathway facilitates aphid xylem absorption and osmoregulation under drought stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:681-93. [PMID: 26546578 PMCID: PMC4737068 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The activation of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway reduces water loss from plants challenged by drought stress. The effect of drought-induced ABA signaling on the defense and nutrition allocation of plants is largely unknown. We postulated that these changes can affect herbivorous insects. We studied the effects of drought on different feeding stages of pea aphids in the wild-type A17 of Medicago truncatula and ABA signaling pathway mutant sta-1. We examined the impact of drought on plant water status, induced plant defense signaling via the abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) pathways, and on the host nutritional quality in terms of leaf free amino acid content. During the penetration phase of aphid feeding, drought decreased epidermis/mesophyll resistance but increased mesophyll/phloem resistance of A17 but not sta-1 plants. Quantification of transcripts associated with ABA, JA and SA signaling indicated that the drought-induced up-regulation of ABA signaling decreased the SA-dependent defense but increased the JA-dependent defense in A17 plants. During the phloem-feeding phase, drought had little effect on the amino acid concentrations and the associated aphid phloem-feeding parameters in both plant genotypes. In the xylem absorption stage, drought decreased xylem absorption time of aphids in both genotypes because of decreased water potential. Nevertheless, the activation of the ABA signaling pathway increased water-use efficiency of A17 plants by decreasing the stomatal aperture and transpiration rate. In contrast, the water potential of sta-1 plants (unable to close stomata) was too low to support xylem absorption activity of aphids; the aphids on sta-1 plants had the highest hemolymph osmolarity and lowest abundance under drought conditions. Taken together this study illustrates the significance of cross-talk between biotic-abiotic signaling pathways in plant-aphid interaction, and reveals the mechanisms leading to alter aphid fecundity in water stresses plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhong Peng
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marvin Harris
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Hu XS, Liu XF, Thieme T, Zhang GS, Liu TX, Zhao HY. Testing the fecundity advantage hypothesis with Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, and Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeding on ten wheat accessions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18549. [PMID: 26680508 PMCID: PMC4683512 DOI: 10.1038/srep18549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fecundity advantage hypothesis suggests that females with a large body size produce more offspring than smaller females. We tested this hypothesis by exploring the correlations between life-history traits of three aphid species feeding on ten wheat accessions at three levels of analysis with respect to the host plant: overall, inter-accession, and intra-accession. We found that fecundity was significantly correlated with mean relative growth rate (MRGR), weight gain, and development time, and that the faster aphid develops the greater body and fecundity, depending on aphid species, wheat accession, and analyses level. Larger aphids of all three species produced more offspring overall; this held true for Sitobion avenae and Schizaphis graminum at the inter-accession level, and for S. avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, and S. graminum for three, five, and eight accessions respectively at the intra-accession level. Only one correlation, between intrinsic rates of natural increase (rm) and MRGR, was significant for all aphid species at all three analysis levels. A more accurate statement of the fecundity advantage hypothesis is that cereal aphids with greater MRGR generally maintain higher rm on wheat. Our results also provide a method for exploring relationships between individual life-history traits and population dynamics for insects on host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Shun Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management on the Northwest Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, No. 3, Weihui Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management on the Northwest Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, No. 3, Weihui Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Thomas Thieme
- BTL Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide, Birkenallee 19 D-18184, Sagerheide, Germany
| | - Gai-Sheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No. 3, Weihui Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management on the Northwest Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, No. 3, Weihui Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hui-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management on the Northwest Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, No. 3, Weihui Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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27
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Tang Q, Xiang M, Hu H, An C, Gao X. Evaluation of Sublethal Effects of Sulfoxaflor on the Green Peach Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Using Life Table Parameters. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:2720-2728. [PMID: 26470367 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is an important insect pest of many crops around the world. Pesticide-induced hormesis may be an alternative mechanism for pest resurgence. In this study, life table parameters were applied to the estimation of sulfoxaflor-induced hormesis of adult M. persicae following 2-d LC25 concentration exposure. Leaf-dip bioassays showed that the sulfoxaflor possessed high toxicity against M. persicae, with an LC50 of 0.059 mg/liter. The results indicated that the exposure of the parent generation of M. persicae to sublethal sulfoxaflor induced increase in reproduction and prolongation of immature development duration in the first progeny generation. Both R0 and GRR of aphids for treatment group were significantly higher than for the control in F1 generation, and the mean generation time was significantly postponed in treated group. These results suggest a hormesis induced by lower concentration of sulfoxaflor in M. persicae. It would be useful for assessing the overall effects of sulfoxaflor on M. persicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Tang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Min Xiang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Chunju An
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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28
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Abdellatef E, Will T, Koch A, Imani J, Vilcinskas A, Kogel KH. Silencing the expression of the salivary sheath protein causes transgenerational feeding suppression in the aphid Sitobion avenae. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:849-57. [PMID: 25586210 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aphids produce gel saliva during feeding which forms a sheath around the stylet as it penetrates through the apoplast. The sheath is required for the sustained ingestion of phloem sap from sieve elements and is thought to form when the structural sheath protein (SHP) is cross-linked by intermolecular disulphide bridges. We investigated the possibility of controlling aphid infestation by host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) targeting shp expression in the grain aphid Sitobion avenae. When aphids were fed on transgenic barley expressing shp double-stranded RNA (shp-dsRNA), they produced significantly lower levels of shp mRNA compared to aphids feeding on wild-type plants, suggesting that the transfer of inhibitory RNA from the plant to the insect was successful. shp expression remained low when aphids were transferred from transgenic plants and fed for 1 or 2 weeks, respectively, on wild-type plants, confirming that silencing had a prolonged impact. Reduced shp expression correlated with a decline in growth, reproduction and survival rates. Remarkably, morphological and physiological aberrations such as winged adults and delayed maturation were maintained over seven aphid generations feeding on wild-type plants. Targeting shp expression therefore appears to cause strong transgenerational effects on feeding, development and survival in S. avenae, suggesting that the HIGS technology has a realistic potential for the control of aphid pests in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eltayb Abdellatef
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Will
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aline Koch
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jafargholi Imani
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Project Group 'Bioresources', Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Kogel
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Sun Y, Guo H, Yuan L, Wei J, Zhang W, Ge F. Plant stomatal closure improves aphid feeding under elevated CO 2. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:2739-2748. [PMID: 25581722 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stomata help plants regulate CO2 absorption and water vapor release in response to various environmental changes, and plants decrease their stomatal apertures and enhance their water status under elevated CO2 . Although the bottom-up effect of elevated CO2 on insect performance has been extensively studied, few reports have considered how insect fitness is altered by elevated CO2 -induced changes in host plant water status. We tested the hypothesis that aphids induce stomatal closure and increase host water potential, which facilitates their passive feeding, and that this induction can be enhanced by elevated CO2 . Our results showed that aphid infestation triggered the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway to decrease the stomatal apertures of Medicago truncatula, which consequently decreased leaf transpiration and helped maintain leaf water potential. These effects increased xylem-feeding time and decreased hemolymph osmolarity, which thereby enhanced phloem-feeding time and increased aphid abundance. Furthermore, elevated CO2 up-regulated an ABA-independent enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, which led to further decrease in stomatal aperture for aphid-infested plants. Thus, the effects of elevated CO2 and aphid infestation on stomatal closure synergistically improved the water status of the host plant. The results indicate that aphid infestation enhances aphid feeding under ambient CO2 and that this enhancement is increased under elevated CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang R, Jang EB, He S, Chen J. Lethal and sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole on Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:250-256. [PMID: 24700426 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is one of the most globally important insect pests. Studies were conducted with the novel anthranilic diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole to determine its lethal and sublethal effects on B. dorsalis. RESULTS An ingestion toxicity bioassay showed that cyantraniliprole was active against B. dorsalis, and the 72 h feeding LC50 was 3.22 µg g(-1) in adult diet for a susceptible strain. Sublethal doses of cyantraniliprole (1.30 µg g(-1) adult diet) induced a hormesis effect on B. dorsalis. The mating competitiveness of B. dorsalis treated with cyantraniliprole at 3.27 µg g(-1) adult diet was significantly lower when compared with the controls. The lower dose (1.30 µg g(-1) adult diet) of cyantraniliprole improved the total mating times of both mating pairs in treated groups and also the mating competitiveness of the treated males when compared with the higher dose and controls. Cyantraniliprole-treated females of the mated pairs with the lower dose laid more eggs. On the fifth day, female receptivity in the treated group was significantly reduced when compared with the controls. CONCLUSION These results indicate that cyantraniliprole is effective against B. dorsalis. The inhibition and stimulation effect of cyantraniliprole on the adult's mating performance at different concentrations was proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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31
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Zhang P, Liu F, Mu W, Wang Q, Li H, Chen C. Life table study of the effects of sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam on Bradysia odoriphaga Yang and Zhang. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 111:31-7. [PMID: 24861931 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bradysia odoriphaga Yang and Zhang (chive gnat) is the major insect pest affecting Chinese chive in Northern China. In order to explore the integrated control of B. odoriphaga, sublethal effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam were studied. The standard contact and stomach bioassay method was used to assess the effects of sublethal (LC5 and LC20) concentrations of thiamethoxam on the demographic parameters of B. odoriphaga, and data were interpreted based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. After thiamethoxam treatment, the intrinsic and finite rates of increase, net reproduction rate, survival rate, and reproductive value were all markedly decreased, while the mean generation time, total preovipositional period, and larval and pupal duration were prolonged, compared with controls. The intrinsic rates of increase dropped from 0.1775/day to 0.1502-0.1136/day. Following LC5 and LC20 treatments, net reproduction rate dropped from 61.75 offspring/individual (control) to 43.36 and 20.75 offspring/individual, respectively. Sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam decreased the developmental rate of laboratory populations of B. odoriphaga, suggesting that such doses may be useful in integrated pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Wei Mu
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Chengyu Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
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32
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Miao J, Du ZB, Wu YQ, Gong ZJ, Jiang YL, Duan Y, Li T, Lei CL. Sub-lethal effects of four neonicotinoid seed treatments on the demography and feeding behaviour of the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:55-9. [PMID: 23457039 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonicotinoids are widely used as seed treatments in wheat fields against the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) in China. Due to the degradation of neonicotinoids in wheat plants, wheat aphids are more likely to be exposed to low concentrations of neonicotinoids over long periods. It is therefore expected that neonicotinoids, aside from acute (lethal) effects, may also cause a range of sub-lethal effects on this pest. RESULTS The growth and fertility of S. avenae feeding on wheat plants treated with a sub-lethal concentration (LC10 ) of imidacloprid, dinotefuran, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam were not greatly affected. However, the population growth parameters of S. avenae were significantly reduced at median lethal concentration (LC50 ). Electronic penetration graph recordings showed a higher percentage of no probing phase and shorter phloem sap ingestion phase on the wheat plants treated with LC10 and LC50 concentrations. CONCLUSION The results indicate that even low concentrations of neonicotinoid treatments on wheat seeds have long-term, adverse effects on wheat aphid. As such, neonicotinoid seed treatments have far greater effects on wheat aphids than estimated by acute toxicity tests. These results benefit our understanding on the subtle effects of the four tested neonicotinoids when applied as seed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Miao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China
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Fray LM, Leather SR, Powell G, Slater R, McIndoe E, Lind RJ. Behavioural avoidance and enhanced dispersal in neonicotinoid-resistant Myzus persicae (Sulzer). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:88-96. [PMID: 23483696 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peach potato aphid Myzus persicae is a major agricultural pest capable of transmitting over 100 plant viruses to a wide range of crops. Control relies largely upon treatment with neonicotinoid insecticides such as thiamethoxam (TMX). In 2009, a strain denoted FRC, which exhibits between 255- and 1679-fold resistance to current neonicotinoids previously linked to metabolic and target site resistance, was discovered in France. Dispersal behaviour may potentially further enhance the resistance of this strain. This study investigated this possibility and is the first to compare the dispersal behaviour of aphid clones of the same species with differing levels of neonicotinoid resistance. RESULTS Comparing the dispersal behaviour of the FRC strain with that of a clone of lower neonicotinoid resistance (5191A), and a susceptible clone (US1L) highlighted several differences. Most importantly, the FRC strain exhibited an increased ability to locate untreated areas when presented with an environment consisting of both TMX-treated and untreated plant tissue. CONCLUSION The altered dispersal behaviour of the FRC may partially account for the high level of neonicotinoid resistance exhibited by this strain in the field. Since the dispersal of aphid vectors is key to the transmission of viruses across crop fields this has implications for current crop protection practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M Fray
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Klaiber J, Dorn S, Najar-Rodriguez AJ. Acclimation to elevated CO2 increases constitutive glucosinolate levels of Brassica plants and affects the performance of specialized herbivores from contrasting feeding guilds. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:653-65. [PMID: 23609163 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plants growing under elevated CO2 concentration may acclimate by modifying chemical traits. Most studies have focused on the effects of environmental change on plant growth and productivity. Potential effects on chemical traits involved in resistance, and the consequences of such effects on plant-insect interactions, have been largely neglected. Here, we evaluated the performance of two Brassica specialist herbivores from contrasting feeding guilds, the leaf-feeding Pieris brassicae and the phloem-feeding Brevicoryne brassicae, in response to potential CO2-mediated changes in primary and major secondary metabolites (glucosinolates) in Brassica oleracea. Plants were exposed to either ambient (400 ppm) or elevated (800 ppm) CO2 concentrations for 2, 6, or 10 weeks. Elevated CO2 did not affect primary metabolites, but significantly increased glucosinolate content. The performance of both herbivores was significantly reduced under elevated CO2 suggesting that CO2-mediated increases in constitutive defense chemistry could benefit plants. However, plants with up-regulated defenses could also be subjected to intensified herbivory by some specialized herbivores, due to a chemically-mediated phagostimulatory effect, as documented here for P. brassicae larvae. Our results highlight the importance of understanding acclimation and responses of plants to the predicted increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the concomitant effects of these responses on the chemically-mediated interactions between plants and specialized herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Klaiber
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Applied Entomology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9/LFO, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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He Y, Zhao J, Zheng Y, Weng Q, Biondi A, Desneux N, Wu K. Assessment of potential sublethal effects of various insecticides on key biological traits of the tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:246-55. [PMID: 23494876 PMCID: PMC3596710 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci is one of the most devastating pests worldwide. Current management of B. tabaci relies upon the frequent applications of insecticides. In addition to direct mortality by typical acute toxicity (lethal effect), insecticides may also impair various key biological traits of the exposed insects through physiological and behavioral sublethal effects. Identifying and characterizing such effects could be crucial for understanding the global effects of insecticides on the pest and therefore for optimizing its management in the crops. We assessed the effects of sublethal and low-lethal concentrations of four widely used insecticides on the fecundity, honeydew excretion and feeding behavior of B. tabaci adults. The probing activity of the whiteflies feeding on treated cotton seedlings was recorded by an Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG). The results showed that imidacloprid and bifenthrin caused a reduction in phloem feeding even at sublethal concentrations. In addition, the honeydew excretions and fecundity levels of adults feeding on leaf discs treated with these concentrations were significantly lower than the untreated ones. While, sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos and carbosulfan did not affect feeding behavior, honeydew excretion and fecundity of the whitefly. We demonstrated an antifeedant effect of the imidacloprid and bifenthrin on B. tabaci, whereas behavioral changes in adults feeding on leaves treated with chlorpyrifos and carbosulfan were more likely caused by the direct effects of the insecticides on the insects' nervous system itself. Our results show that aside from the lethal effect, the sublethal concentration of imidacloprid and bifenthrin impairs the phloem feeding, i.e. the most important feeding trait in a plant protection perspective. Indeed, this antifeedant property would give these insecticides potential to control insect pests indirectly. Therefore, the behavioral effects of sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid and bifenthrin may play an important role in the control of whitefly pests by increasing the toxicity persistence in treated crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Lanka SK, Ottea JA, Davis JA, Hernandez AB, Stout MJ. Systemic effects of thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole seed treatments on adult Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in rice. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2013; 69:250-256. [PMID: 22927256 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feeding assays using adult rice water weevils and foliage of plants treated as seeds with chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam at different rates were conducted to evaluate the systemic adulticidal and feeding effects. Dose-mortality relationships were determined for thiamethoxam seed treatments by combining leaf area lost due to feeding and insecticide residues analyzed by LC/MS/MS. Changes in adulticidal activity of thiamethoxam were also investigated by contrasting adult mortalities at the 5-6-leaf and tillering stages of rice. RESULTS Adult weevil mortalities and leaf consumption rates on foliage were affected in thiamethoxam but not in chlorantraniliprole treatments when rice was at the 6-7-leaf stage. The LD(50) for weevils feeding on thiamethoxam-treated rice at the 2-3-leaf stage was 447 pg insecticide weevil(-1) (95% CL: 25-830 pg weevil(-1)) but was lower (142 pg weevil(-1); 95% CL: 102-180 pg weevil(-1)) in experiments with 3-4-leaf-stage plants. Mortalities on leaves from 5-6-leaf-stage plants were consistently higher than on leaves from tillering plants. Thiamethoxam residues measured by ELISA increased with seed treatment rate and differed between plant stages. CONCLUSION The LD(50) values developed in this study are the first values for leaf-feeding insects on foliage of plants treated as seeds with thiamethoxam. The attrition of adulticidal activity of thiamethoxam in foliage of older plants may help to explain the reduced effectiveness of seed treatments against rice water larvae that is seen at later stages of rice growth in field studies. The differential activity of these two seed treatments on adults suggests that adult mortality contributes to the field efficacy of thiamethoxam but not to that of chlorantraniliprole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas K Lanka
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University-Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-0001, USA
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Aphid-proof plants: biotechnology-based approaches for aphid control. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 136:179-203. [PMID: 23728163 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aphids are economically significant agricultural pests that are responsible for large yield losses in many different crops. Because the use of insecticides is restricted in the context of integrated pest management and aphids develop resistance against them rapidly, new biotechnology-based approaches are required for aphid control. These approaches focus on the development of genetically modified aphid-resistant plants that express protease inhibitors, dsRNA, antimicrobial peptides, or repellents, thus addressing different levels of aphid-plant interactions. However, a common goal is to disturb host plant acceptance by aphids and to disrupt their ability to take nutrition from plants. The defense agents negatively affect different fitness-associated parameters such as growth, reproduction, and survival, which therefore reduce the impact of infestations. The results from several different studies suggest that biotechnology-based approaches offer a promising strategy for aphid control.
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Cui L, Sun L, Yang D, Yan X, Yuan H. Effects of cycloxaprid, a novel cis-nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide, on the feeding behaviour of Sitobion avenae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2012; 68:1484-1491. [PMID: 22707457 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cycloxaprid with cis-configuration is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide, developed in China, that has good industrialisation prospects for its high activity against imidacloprid-resistant pests. Studies were carried out to investigate the biological activity of cycloxaprid and its effect on the feeding behaviour of Sitobion avenae. RESULTS The results demonstrated that cycloxaprid had good contact and root-systemic activity. The electrical penetration graph (EPG) revealed that cycloxaprid significantly increased the total time of non-probing periods and greatly inhibited phloem ingestion of treated aphids because it significantly reduced the total time and the frequency of phloem ingestion. Furthermore, cycloxaprid can increase the phloem salivation of treated aphids by comparison with aphids treated with imdacloprid and distilled water. Consequently, a sublethal dose of cycloxaprid impaired aphid ingestion of phloem sap and thereby reduced the weight of aphids. On the other hand, EPG data showed that a sublethal dose of cycloxaprid had no significant effect on xylem sap ingestion, in contrast to imidacloprid. CONCLUSION All these tests indicated that cycloxaprid had both contact and root-systemic activity, with sublethal effects resulting in reduction in Sitobion avenae phloem-feeding behaviour and growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
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Koch KA, Ragsdale DW. Impacts of thiamethoxam seed treatment and host plant resistance on the soybean aphid fungal pathogen, Pandora neoaphidis. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:1824-32. [PMID: 22299341 DOI: 10.1603/ec11187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, from Asia, insecticide use in soybean has increased substantially in the north central United States. Insecticide seed treatments and aphid resistant soybean varieties are management tactics that may reduce reliance on foliar applications of broad-spectrum insecticides. Exploring potential nontarget impacts of these technologies will be an important step in incorporating them into aphid management programs. We investigated impacts of thiamethoxam seed treatment and Rag1 aphid resistant soybean on a fungal pathogen of soybean aphid, Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudière & Hennebert) Humber, via open plot and cage studies. We found that although thiamethoxam seed treatment did significantly lower aphid pressure in open plots compared with an untreated control, this reduction in aphid density translated into nonsignificant decreases in fungal disease prevalence in aphids. Furthermore, when aphid densities were approximately equal in seed treated and untreated soybean, no impact on aphid fungal disease was observed. In open plots, Rag1 resistant soybean experienced lower aphid pressure and aphid disease prevalence compared with a nonresistant isoline. However, in cages when aphid densities were equivalent in both resistant and susceptible soybean, resistance had no impact on aphid disease prevalence. The addition of thiamethoxam seed treatment to resistant soybean yielded aphid densities and aphid disease prevalence similar to untreated, resistant soybean. These studies provide evidence that thiamethoxam seed treatments and Rag1 resistance can impact P. neoaphidis via decreased aphid densities; however, this impact is minimal, implying use of seed treatments and host plant resistance are compatible with P. neoaphidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karrie A Koch
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Pompon J, Quiring D, Goyer C, Giordanengo P, Pelletier Y. A phloem-sap feeder mixes phloem and xylem sap to regulate osmotic potential. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 57:1317-22. [PMID: 21726563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Phloem-sap feeders (Hemiptera) occasionally consume the dilute sap of xylem, a behaviour that has previously been associated with replenishing water balance following dehydration. However, a recent study reported that non-dehydrated aphids ingested xylem sap. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the consumption of xylem sap, which has a low osmolality, is a general response to osmotic stresses other than dehydration. Alate aphids were subjected to different treatments and subsequently transferred onto a plant, where electrical penetration graph (EPG) was used to estimate durations of passive phloem sap consumption and active sucking of xylem sap. The proportion of time aphids fed on xylem sap (i.e., time spent feeding on xylem sap/total time spent feeding on phloem plus xylem sap) was used as a proxy of the solute concentration of the uptake. The proportion of time alate aphids fed on xylem sap increased: (1) with the time spent imbibing an artificial diet containing a solution of sucrose, which is highly concentrated in phloem sap and is mainly responsible for the high osmotic potential of phloem sap; (2) with the osmotic potential of the artificial diet, when osmotic potential excess was not related to sucrose concentration; and (3) when aphids were deprived of primary symbionts, a condition previously shown to lead to a higher haemolymph osmotic potential. All our results converge to support the hypothesis that xylem sap consumption contributes to the regulation of the osmotic potential in phloem-sap feeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pompon
- Population Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Brown planthopper (N. lugens Stal) feeding behaviour on rice germplasm as an indicator of resistance. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22137. [PMID: 21779386 PMCID: PMC3136512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) is a serious pest of rice in Asia. Development of novel control strategies can be facilitated by comparison of BPH feeding behaviour on varieties exhibiting natural genetic variation, and then elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of resistance. Methodology/Principal Findings BPH feeding behaviour was compared on 12 rice varieties over a 12 h period using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) and honeydew clocks. Seven feeding behaviours (waveforms) were identified and could be classified into two phases. The first phase involved patterns of sieve element location including non penetration (NP), pathway (N1+N2+N3), xylem (N5) [21] and two new feeding waveforms, derailed stylet mechanics (N6) and cell penetration (N7). The second feeding phase consisted of salivation into the sieve element (N4-a) and sieve element sap ingestion (N4-b). Production of honeydew drops correlated with N4-b waveform patterns providing independent confirmation of this feeding behaviour. Conclusions/Significance Overall variation in feeding behaviour was highly correlated with previously published field resistance or susceptibility of the different rice varieties: BPH produced lower numbers of honeydew drops and had a shorter period of phloem feeding on resistant rice varieties, but there was no significant difference in the time to the first salivation (N4-b). These qualitative differences in behaviour suggest that resistance is caused by differences in sustained phloem ingestion, not by phloem location. Cluster analysis of the feeding and honeydew data split the 12 rice varieties into three groups: susceptible, moderately resistant and highly resistant. The screening methods that we have described uncover novel aspects of the resistance mechanism (or mechanisms) of rice to BPH and will in combination with molecular approaches allow identification and development of new control strategies.
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Cui L, Sun L, Shao X, Cao Y, Yang D, Li Z, Yuan H. Systemic action of novel neonicotinoid insecticide IPP-10 and its effect on the feeding behaviour of Rhopalosiphum padi on wheat. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2010; 66:779-785. [PMID: 20533381 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IPP-10 is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide recently developed in China and has good activity against sucking insects. Studies were carried out to investigate the activity of IPP-10 against Rhopalosiphum padi L. RESULTS The results demonstrated that IPP-10 had both contact and systemic activity, including acropetal and basipetal translocation in wheat vascular bundles. Starved R. padi were allowed to stay on wheat treated with a sublethal dose of IPP-10. The results of studying their feeding behaviour from an electrical penetration graph (EPG) revealed a decrease in total time and bout duration of xylem and phloem ingestion, but the total time and bout duration of phloem salivation were significantly prolonged. The frequency (7.03 +/- 0.49 Hz) of the xylem ingestion waveform produced by aphids on wheat treated with IPP-10 was significantly lower than that of blank control aphids (8.20 +/- 0.30 Hz). Consequently, aphids born on wheat treated with IPP-10 were obviously lighter and less fecund than the control aphids. CONCLUSION These tests indicated that IPP-10 had both contact and systemic activity, with sublethal effects resulting in reduction in R. padi feeding behaviour, growth rate and fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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