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Wang J, Li Z. Effects of processing technology on tea quality analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Food Chem 2024; 443:138548. [PMID: 38277939 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Fixation is a crucial step in green tea processing that can impact quality. In this study, we explored the differences in the chemical components of steamed and fried green teas made from the same batch of fresh tea leaves using different fixing methods. Results showed that concentrations of sucrose and free amino acids were significantly higher in steamed green tea. Abundances of 12 compounds including purine nucleoside, pyrimidine nucleoside derivatives, and catechins were higher in fried green tea, while 34 compounds such as amino acids and their derivatives, benzofurans and flavonoids were higher in steamed green tea. Thus, steaming retained more compounds associated with sweet and fresh tastes, such as free amino acids, while frying produced more compounds with bitter tastes, such as catechin. This might explain why steamed green tea is mellower than fried tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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2
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Zuo G, Chen M, Zuo Y, Liu F, Yang Y, Li J, Zhou X, Li M, Huang JA, Liu Z, Lin Y. Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate Protects Against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Endotoxemia in Rats via Modulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Alleviating Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Related Inflammation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38607257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fat accumulation and inflammation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been proven to be effective against NAFLD, but its hepatoprotective mechanisms based on the "gut microbiota-barrier-liver axis" are still not fully understood. Herein, the results demonstrated that EGCG effectively ameliorated NAFLD phenotypes and metabolic disorders in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and inhibited intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation, which is also supported in the experiment of Caco-2 cells. Moreover, EGCG could restore gut microbiota diversity and composition, particularly promoting beneficial microbes, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers, such as Lactobacillus, and suppressing Gram-negative bacteria, such as Desulfovibrio. The microbial modulation raised SCFA levels, decreased lipopolysaccharide levels, inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, and strengthened intestinal barrier function via Nrf2 pathway activation, thereby alleviating liver steatosis and inflammation. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that 24 key OTUs, negatively or positively associated with NAFLD and metabolic disorders, were also reshaped by EGCG. Our results suggested that a combinative improvement of EGCG on gut microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and inflammation might be a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaolong Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Meiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yingpeng Zuo
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Fen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Yang
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Xirui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Menghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
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Zhang Y, Jiao X, Liu J, Feng G, Luo X, Zhang M, Zhang B, Huang L, Long Q. A new direction in Chinese herbal medicine ameliorates for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focus on the potential of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117484. [PMID: 38012971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes is a common chronic disease. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has a history of several thousand years in the treatment of diabetes, and active components with hypoglycemic effects extracted from various CHM, such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, terpenes, and steroidal saponins, have been widely used in the treatment of diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY Research exploring the potential of various CHM compounds to regulate the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature data were primarily obtained from authoritative databases such as PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and others within the last decade. The main keywords used include "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", "mitochondrial respiratory chain complex", and "mitochondrial dysfunction". RESULTS Chinese herbal medicine primarily regulates the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in various tissues such as liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, pancreatic islets, and small intestine. It improves cellular energy metabolism through hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid-modulating effects. Different components of CHM can regulate the same mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, while the same components of a particular CHM can regulate different complex activities. The active components of CHM target different mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, regulate their aberrant changes and effectively improve T2DM and its complications. CONCLUSION Chinese herbal medicine can modulate the function of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in various cell types and exert their hypoglycemic effects through various mechanisms. CHM has significant therapeutic potential in regulating mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes to improve T2DM, but further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and conduct clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of these medications. This provides new perspectives and opportunities for personalized improvement and innovative developments in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinyue Jiao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianying Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Binzhi Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qinqiang Long
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Kachouei RA, Doagoo A, Jalilzadeh M, Khatami SH, Rajaei S, Jahan-Abad AJ, Salmani F, Pakrad R, Baram SM, Nourbakhsh M, Abdollahifar MA, Abbaszadeh HA, Noori S, Rezaei M, Mahdavi M, Shahmohammadi MR, Karima S. Acetyl-11-Keto-Beta-Boswellic Acid Has Therapeutic Benefits for NAFLD Rat Models That Were Given a High Fructose Diet by Ameliorating Hepatic Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism. Inflammation 2023; 46:1966-1980. [PMID: 37310644 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), a potent anti-inflammatory compound purified from Boswellia species, was investigated in a preclinical study for its potential in preventing and treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic inflammatory liver disorder. The study involved thirty-six male Wistar rats, equally divided into prevention and treatment groups. In the prevention group, rats were given a high fructose diet (HFrD) and treated with AKBA for 6 weeks, while in the treatment group, rats were fed HFrD for 6 weeks and then given a normal diet with AKBA for 2 weeks. At the end of the study, various parameters were analyzed including liver tissues and serum levels of insulin, leptin, adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interferon gamma (INF-ϒ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Additionally, the expression levels of genes related to the inflammasome complex and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-ϒ), as well as the levels of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase alpha-1 (AMPK-α1) protein, were measured. The results showed that AKBA improved NAFLD-related serum parameters and inflammatory markers and suppressed PPAR-ϒ and inflammasome complex-related genes involved in hepatic steatosis in both groups. Additionally, AKBA prevented the reduction of the active and inactive forms of AMPK-α1 in the prevention group, which is a cellular energy regulator that helps suppress NAFLD progression. In conclusion, AKBA has a beneficial effect on preventing and avoiding the progression of NAFLD by preserving lipid metabolism, improving hepatic steatosis, and suppressing liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ataei Kachouei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Doagoo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Jalilzadeh
- Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Rajaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanbazi Jahan-Abad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Farzaneh Salmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Pakrad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Noori
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Rezaei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Mahdavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shahmohammadi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.
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Ng TK, Chu KO, Wang CC, Pang CP. Green Tea Catechins as Therapeutic Antioxidants for Glaucoma Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1320. [PMID: 37507860 PMCID: PMC10376590 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment, affecting more than 80 million individuals worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation-induced neurodegenerative insults to retinal ganglion cells are the main pathogenesis of glaucoma. Retinal ganglion cells, the retinal neurons transmitting the visual signals to the visual cortex in the brain, have very limited regeneration or recovery capacity after damages. Apart from intraocular pressure-lowering treatments, there is still no clinically effective treatment to rescue the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma. Dietary antioxidants are easily accessible and can be applied as supplements assisting in the clinical treatments. Catechins, a chemical family of flavonoids, are the phenolic compounds found in many plants, especially in green tea. The anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of green tea catechins in vitro and in vivo have been well proven. They could be a potential treatment ameliorating retinal ganglion cell degeneration in glaucoma. In this review, the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic properties of green tea catechins were summarized. Research updates on the biological effects of green tea catechins in cellular and animal experimental glaucoma models were reviewed. In addition, clinical potentials of green tea catechins for glaucoma treatment were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Platko K, Lebeau PF, Nederveen JP, Byun JH, MacDonald ME, Bourgeois JM, Tarnopolsky MA, Austin RC. A Metabolic Enhancer Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity and Liver Steatosis and Corrects a Pro-Atherogenic Serum Profile in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102410. [PMID: 37242292 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) affects hundreds of millions of individuals and constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Obesity is believed to be at the core of metabolic abnormalities associated with MetS, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, fatty liver disease and vascular dysfunction. Although previous studies demonstrate a diverse array of naturally occurring antioxidants that attenuate several manifestations of MetS, little is known about the (i) combined effect of these compounds on hepatic health and (ii) molecular mechanisms responsible for their effect. METHODS We explored the impact of a metabolic enhancer (ME), consisting of 7 naturally occurring antioxidants and mitochondrial enhancing agents, on diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and atherogenic serum profile in mice. RESULTS Here we show that a diet-based ME supplementation and exercise have similar beneficial effects on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in mice. Mechanistically, ME reduced hepatic ER stress, fibrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation, thereby improving overall liver health. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ME improved HFD-induced pro-atherogenic serum profile in mice, similar to exercise. The protective effects of ME were reduced in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) knock out mice, suggesting that ME exerts it protective effect partly in a PCSK9-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that components of the ME have a positive, protective effect on obesity, hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular risk and that they show similar effects as exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Platko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Paul F Lebeau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jae Hyun Byun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Jacqueline M Bourgeois
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 5Z5, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Exerkine Corporation, MUMC, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
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De la Fuente-Muñoz M, De la Fuente-Fernández M, Román-Carmena M, Amor S, Iglesias-de la Cruz MC, García-Laínez G, Llopis S, Martorell P, Verdú D, Serna E, García-Villalón ÁL, Guilera SI, Inarejos-García AM, Granado M. Supplementation with a New Standardized Extract of Green and Black Tea Exerts Antiadipogenic Effects and Prevents Insulin Resistance in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108521. [PMID: 37239868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the main characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the main cause of the development of type II diabetes. The high prevalence of this syndrome in recent decades has made it necessary to search for preventive and therapeutic agents, ideally of natural origin, with fewer side effects than conventional pharmacological treatments. Tea is widely known for its medicinal properties, including beneficial effects on weight management and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a standardized extract of green and black tea (ADM® Complex Tea Extract (CTE)) prevents the development of insulin resistance in mice with MetS. For this purpose, C57BL6/J mice were fed for 20 weeks with a standard diet (Chow), a diet with 56% kcal from fat and sugar (HFHS) or an HFHS diet supplemented with 1.6% CTE. CTE supplementation reduced body weight gain, adiposity and circulating leptin levels. Likewise, CTE also exerted lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cultures and in the C. elegans model. Regarding insulin resistance, CTE supplementation significantly increased plasma adiponectin concentrations and reduced the circulating levels of insulin and the HOMA-IR. Incubation of liver, gastrocnemius muscle and retroperitoneal adipose tissue explants with insulin increased the pAkt/Akt ratio in mice fed with Chow and HFHS + CTE but not in those fed only with HFHS. The greater activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in response to insulin in mice supplemented with CTE was associated with a decrease in the expression of the proinflammatory markers Mcp-1, IL-6, IL-1β or Tnf-α and with an overexpression of the antioxidant enzymes Sod-1, Gpx-3, Ho-1 and Gsr in these tissues. Moreover, in skeletal muscle, mice treated with CTE showed increased mRNA levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), Arnt and Nrf2, suggesting that the CTE's insulin-sensitizing effects could be the result of the activation of this pathway. In conclusion, supplementation with the standardized extract of green and black tea CTE reduces body weight gain, exerts lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects and reduces insulin resistance in mice with MetS through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario De la Fuente-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Román-Carmena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo García-Laínez
- Nutrition Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Health & Wellness, Biopolis S. L. Parc Cientific, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Silvia Llopis
- Nutrition Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Health & Wellness, Biopolis S. L. Parc Cientific, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Patricia Martorell
- Nutrition Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Health & Wellness, Biopolis S. L. Parc Cientific, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - David Verdú
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel L García-Villalón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia I Guilera
- R&D Department of Functional Extracts, ADM® Valencia, 46740 Carcaixent, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Pu'er raw tea extract alleviates lipid deposition in both LO2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Sun X, Dey P, Bruno RS, Zhu J. EGCG and catechin relative to green tea extract differentially modulate the gut microbial metabolome and liver metabolome to prevent obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 109:109094. [PMID: 35777589 PMCID: PMC10332503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Green tea extract (GTE) alleviates obesity, in part, by modulating gut microbial composition and metabolism. However, direct evidence regarding the catechin-specific bioactivities that are responsible for these benefits remain unclear. The present study therefore investigated dietary supplementation of GTE, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), or (+)-catechin (CAT) in male C57BL6/J mice that were fed a high-fat (HF) diet to establish the independent contributions of EGCG and CAT relative to GTE to restore microbial and host metabolism. We hypothesized that EGCG would regulate the gut microbial metabolome and host liver metabolome more similar to GTE than CAT to explain their previously observed differential effects on cardiometabolic health. To test this, we assessed metabolic and phenolic shifts in liver and fecal samples during dietary HF-induced obesity. Ten fecal metabolites and ten liver metabolites (VIP > 2) primarily contributed to the differences in the metabolome among different interventions. In fecal samples, nine metabolic pathways (e.g., tricarboxcylic acid cycle and tyrosine metabolism) were differentially altered between the GTE and CAT interventions, whereas three pathways differed between GTE and EGCG interventions, suggesting differential benefits of GTE and its distinctive bioactive components on gut microbial metabolism. Likewise, hepatic glycolysis / gluconeogenesis metabolic pathways were significantly altered between GTE and EGCG interventions, while only hepatic tyrosine metabolism was altered between CAT and GTE interventions. Thus, our findings support that purified catechins relative to GTE uniquely contribute to regulating host and microbial metabolic pathways such as central energy metabolism to protect against metabolic dysfunction leading to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Punjab, India
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Wu Q, Chen Z, Ding Y, Tang Y, Cheng Y. Protective effect of traditional Chinese medicine on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver cancer by targeting ferroptosis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1033129. [PMID: 36330148 PMCID: PMC9623008 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1033129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease with high incidence and is closely related to metabolic syndrome. If not controlled, it may eventually become hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death (PCD), is closely related to NAFLD and HCC, and the mechanisms of action involved are more complex. Some studies have demonstrated that many drugs inhibit ferroptosis and protect liver steatosis or carcinogenesis. The role of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), especially herbs or herbal extracts, has received increasing attention. However, there are relatively few review articles on the regulation of NAFLD by TCM through ferroptosis pathway. Here, we summarize the TCM intervention mechanism and application affecting NAFLD/NAFLD-HCC via regulation of ferroptosis. This article focuses on the relationship between ferroptosis and NAFLD or NAFLD-HCC and the protective effect of TCM on both by targeting ferroptosis. It not only summarizes the mechanism of early prevention and treatment of NAFLD, but also provides reference ideas for the development of TCM for the treatment of metabolic diseases and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongbo Wu
- Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, China
- Hainan Clinical Research Center for Preventive Treatment of Diseases, Haikou, China
- Food Science and Technology Center, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Food Science and Technology Center, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, China
- Hainan Clinical Research Center for Preventive Treatment of Diseases, Haikou, China
| | - Yunting Tang
- Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, China
- Hainan Clinical Research Center for Preventive Treatment of Diseases, Haikou, China
| | - Yawei Cheng
- Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, China
- Hainan Clinical Research Center for Preventive Treatment of Diseases, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Yawei Cheng,
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11
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Chen B, Zhang W, Lin C, Zhang L. A Comprehensive Review on Beneficial Effects of Catechins on Secondary Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911569. [PMID: 36232871 PMCID: PMC9569714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main sites for oxidative phosphorylation and synthesis of adenosine triphosphate in cells, and are known as cellular power factories. The phrase "secondary mitochondrial diseases" essentially refers to any abnormal mitochondrial function other than primary mitochondrial diseases, i.e., the process caused by the genes encoding the electron transport chain (ETC) proteins directly or impacting the production of the machinery needed for ETC. Mitochondrial diseases can cause adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis disorder, an increase in oxygen free radicals, and intracellular redox imbalance. It can also induce apoptosis and, eventually, multi-system damage, which leads to neurodegenerative disease. The catechin compounds rich in tea have attracted much attention due to their effective antioxidant activity. Catechins, especially acetylated catechins such as epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), are able to protect mitochondria from reactive oxygen species. This review focuses on the role of catechins in regulating cell homeostasis, in which catechins act as a free radical scavenger and metal ion chelator, their protective mechanism on mitochondria, and the protective effect of catechins on mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This review highlights catechins and their effects on mitochondrial functional metabolic networks: regulating mitochondrial function and biogenesis, improving insulin resistance, regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis, and regulating epigenetic processes. Finally, the indirect beneficial effects of catechins on mitochondrial diseases are also illustrated by the warburg and the apoptosis effect. Some possible mechanisms are shown graphically. In addition, the bioavailability of catechins and peracetylated-catechins, free radical scavenging activity, mitochondrial activation ability of the high-molecular-weight polyphenol, and the mitochondrial activation factor were also discussed.
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Abunofal O, Mohan C. Salubrious Effects of Green Tea Catechins on Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. MEDICINES 2022; 9:medicines9030020. [PMID: 35323719 PMCID: PMC8949532 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenol green tea catechin with potential health benefits and therapeutic effects in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common liver disorder that adversely affects liver function and lipid metabolism. This systematic review surveyed the effects of EGCG or green tea extract (GTE) on NAFLD reported in studies involving rodent models or humans with a focus on clinicopathologic outcomes, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and inflammatory, oxidative stress, and liver injury markers. Articles involving clinical efficacy of EGCG/GTE on human subjects and rodent models were gathered by searching the PUBMED database and by referencing additional articles identified from other literature reviews. EGCG or GTE supplementation reduced body weight, adipose tissue deposits, and food intake. Mechanistically, the majority of these studies confirmed that EGCG or GTE supplementation plays a significant role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism and expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis. Importantly, EGCG and GTE supplementation were shown to have beneficial effects on oxidative stress-related pathways that activate pro-inflammatory responses, leading to liver damage. In conclusion, green tea catechins are a potentially useful treatment option for NAFLD. More research is required to determine the ideal dosage, treatment duration, and most effective delivery method of EGCG or GTE, and to provide more definitive conclusions by performing large, randomized clinical trials.
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Xu J, Xiao X, Yan B, Yuan Q, Dong X, Du Q, Zhang J, Shan L, Ding Z, Zhou L, Efferth T. Green tea-derived theabrownin induces cellular senescence and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma through p53 signaling activation and bypassed JNK signaling suppression. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:39. [PMID: 35078476 PMCID: PMC8788116 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Theabrownin (TB) is a bioactive component of tea and has been reported to exert effects against many human cancers, but its efficacy and mechanism on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with different p53 genotypes remains unclarified.
Methods
MTT assay, DAPI staining, flow cytometry and SA-β-gal staining were applied to evaluate the effects of TB on HCC cells. Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot (WB) were conducted to explore the molecular mechanism of TB. A xenograft model of zebrafish was established to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of TB.
Results
MTT assays showed that TB significantly inhibited the proliferation of SK-Hep-1, HepG2, and Huh7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, of which SK-Hep-1 was the most sensitive one with the lowest IC50 values. The animal data showed that TB remarkably suppressed SK-Hep-1 tumor growth in xenograft model of zebrafish. The cellular data showed TB's pro-apoptotic and pro-senescent effect on SK-Hep-1 cells. The molecular results revealed the mechanism of TB that p53 signaling pathway (p-ATM, p-ATR, γ-H2AX, p-Chk2, and p-p53) was activated with up-regulation of downstream senescent genes (P16, P21, IL-6 and IL-8) as well as apoptotic genes (Bim, Bax and PUMA) and proteins (Bax, c-Casp9 and c-PARP). The p53-mediated mechanism was verified by using p53-siRNA. Moreover, by using JNK-siRNA, we found JNK as a bypass regulator in TB's mechanism.
Conclusions
To sum up, TB exerted tumor-inhibitory, pro-senescent and pro-apoptotic effects on SK-Hep-1 cells through ATM-Chk2-p53 signaling axis in accompany with JNK bypass regulation. This is the first report on the pro-senescent effect and multi-target (p53 and JNK) mechanism of TB on HCC cells, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms of TB's anti-HCC efficacy.
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14
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Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010056. [PMID: 35053205 PMCID: PMC8774162 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD begins as a relatively benign hepatic steatosis which can evolve to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases when fibrosis is present. NAFLD represents a complex process implicating numerous factors—genetic, metabolic, and dietary—intertwined in a multi-hit etiopathogenetic model. Recent data have highlighted the role of gut dysbiosis, which may render the bowel more permeable, leading to increased free fatty acid absorption, bacterial migration, and a parallel release of toxic bacterial products, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and proinflammatory cytokines that initiate and sustain inflammation. Although gut dysbiosis is present in each disease stage, there is currently no single microbial signature to distinguish or predict which patients will evolve from NAFLD to NASH and HCC. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, the majority of patients with NAFLD/NASH exhibit increased numbers of Bacteroidetes and differences in the presence of Firmicutes, resulting in a decreased F/B ratio in most studies. They also present an increased proportion of species belonging to Clostridium, Anaerobacter, Streptococcus, Escherichia, and Lactobacillus, whereas Oscillibacter, Flavonifaractor, Odoribacter, and Alistipes spp. are less prominent. In comparison to healthy controls, patients with NASH show a higher abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia spp., while Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila are diminished. Children with NAFLD/NASH have a decreased proportion of Oscillospira spp. accompanied by an elevated proportion of Dorea, Blautia, Prevotella copri, and Ruminococcus spp. Gut microbiota composition may vary between population groups and different stages of NAFLD, making any conclusive or causative claims about gut microbiota profiles in NAFLD patients challenging. Moreover, various metabolites may be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, such as short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide, bile acids, choline and trimethylamine-N-oxide, and ammonia. In this review, we summarize the role of the gut microbiome and metabolites in NAFLD pathogenesis, and we discuss potential preventive and therapeutic interventions related to the gut microbiome, such as the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and bacteriophages, as well as the contribution of bariatric surgery and fecal microbiota transplantation in the therapeutic armamentarium against NAFLD. Larger and longer-term prospective studies, including well-defined cohorts as well as a multi-omics approach, are required to better identify the associations between the gut microbiome, microbial metabolites, and NAFLD occurrence and progression.
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15
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Amirpour M, Mirshekar MA, Sedaghat G, Montazerifar F, Shourestani S, Arabmoazzen S, Naghizadeh M. The effects of green tea on cognitive impairments in the rat model of Alzheimer's disease: protection against inflammatory and oxidative damage. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2659-2667. [PMID: 34802394 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2003946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a decrement in the number of synapses, an increment in the production of oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines. Green tea (GT) plays a defensive performance in different neurodegenerative conditions, such as cognition deficit. This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of green tea (GT) on cognitive disorder, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the streptozotocin (STZ)- induced AD model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were divided into four groups: (1) Control, (2) GT, (3) Alz, and (4) GT + Alz. AD was induced by the injection of STZ (3 mg/kg, bilaterally, ICV). Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were done to evaluate the memory and learning of rats. Biochemical parameters were measured with specialized ELISA kits. RESULTS Briefly, data analysis revealed that GT administration for 21 days improved memory impairment induced by the injection of STZ. Pretreatment with GT enhanced time spent in the goal quarter and reduced latency time and path length. Furthermore, pretreatment with GT prevented the increment of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in STZ-treated rats. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) concentration was suppressed with the GT pretreatment. Total antioxidant capacity was increased after GT administration in rats treated compared with AD rats. CONCLUSIONS GT pretreatment attenuated STZ-induced learning and memory impairment through the suppression of TNF-α and MDA concentrations. The beneficial effects of GT on memory could be attributed to its protective effects on oxidative defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Amirpour
- Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mirshekar
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Gohar Sedaghat
- Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Montazerifar
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shadi Shourestani
- Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Arabmoazzen
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Naghizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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16
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Green Tea and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) for the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases (NAFLD): Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Mechanism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071076. [PMID: 34356308 PMCID: PMC8301033 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) represent a set of liver disorders progressing from steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, which induce huge burden to human health. Many pathophysiological factors are considered to influence NAFLD in a parallel pattern, involving insulin resistance, oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory cascades, fibrogenic reaction, etc. However, the underlying mechanisms, including those that induce NAFLD development, have not been fully understood. Specifically, oxidative stress, mainly mediated by excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, has participated in the multiple NAFLD-related signaling by serving as an accelerator. Ameliorating oxidative stress and maintaining redox homeostasis may be a promising approach for the management of NAFLD. Green tea is one of the most important dietary resources of natural antioxidants, above which epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) notably contributes to its antioxidative action. Accumulative evidence from randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis has revealed the beneficial functions of green tea and EGCG in preventing and managing NAFLD, with acceptable safety in the patients. Abundant animal and cellular studies have demonstrated that green tea and EGCG may protect against NAFLD initiation and development by alleviating oxidative stress and the related metabolism dysfunction, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. The targeted signaling pathways may include, but are not limited to, NRF2, AMPK, SIRT1, NF-κB, TLR4/MYD88, TGF-β/SMAD, and PI3K/Akt/FoxO1, etc. In this review, we thoroughly discuss the oxidative stress-related mechanisms involved in NAFLD development, as well as summarize the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of green tea and EGCG against NAFLD.
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17
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Zhao M, Chen S, Ji X, Shen X, You J, Liang X, Yin H, Zhao L. Current innovations in nutraceuticals and functional foods for intervention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105517. [PMID: 33636349 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As innovations in global agricultural production and food trading systems lead to major dietary shifts, high morbidity rates from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), accompanied by elevated risk of lipid metabolism-related complications, has emerged as a growing problem worldwide. Treatment and prevention of NAFLD and chronic liver disease depends on the availability of safe, effective, and diverse therapeutic agents, the development of which is urgently needed. Supported by a growing body of evidence, considerable attention is now focused on interventional approaches that combines nutraceuticals and functional foods. In this review, we summarize the pathological progression of NAFLD and discuss the beneficial effects of nutraceuticals and the active ingredients in functional foods. We also describe the underlying mechanisms of these compounds in the intervention of NAFLD, including their effects on regulation of lipid homeostasis, activation of signaling pathways, and their role in gut microbial community dynamics and the gut-liver axis. In order to identify novel targets for treatment of lipid metabolism-related diseases, this work broadly explores the molecular mechanism linking nutraceuticals and functional foods, host physiology, and gut microbiota. Additionally, the limitations in existing knowledge and promising research areas for development of active interventions and treatments against NAFLD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shumin Chen
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoguo Ji
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin Shen
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiangshan You
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinyi Liang
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Life Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
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18
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Du Y, Paglicawan L, Soomro S, Abunofal O, Baig S, Vanarsa K, Hicks J, Mohan C. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Dampens Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver by Modulating Liver Function, Lipid Profile and Macrophage Polarization. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020599. [PMID: 33670347 PMCID: PMC7918805 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been shown to attenuate obesity, fatty liver disease, hepatic inflammation and lipid profiles. Here, we validate the efficacy of EGCG in a murine model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and extend the mechanistic insights. NAFLD was induced in mice by a high-fat diet (HFD) with 30% fructose. EGCG was administered at a low dose (25 mg/kg/day, EGCG-25) or high dose (50 mg/kg/day, EGCG-50) for 8 weeks. In HFD-fed mice, EGCG attenuated body and liver weight by ~22% and 47%, respectively, accompanied by ~47% reduction in hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation and ~38% reduction in serum cholesterol, resonating well with previous reports in the literature. In EGCG-treated mice, the hepatic steatosis score and the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis activity score were both reduced by ~50% and ~57%, respectively, accompanied by improvements in hepatic inflammation grade. Liver enzymes were improved ~2–3-fold following EGCG treatment, recapitulating previous reports. Hepatic flow cytometry demonstrated that EGCG-fed mice had lower Ly6C+, MHCII+ and higher CD206+, CD23+ hepatic macrophage infiltration, indicating that EGCG impactedM1/M2 macrophage polarization. Our study further validates the salubrious effects of EGCG on NAFLD and sheds light on a novel mechanistic contribution of EGCG, namely hepatic M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization. These findings offer further support for the use of EGCG in human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.P.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (S.B.); (K.V.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (C.M.); Tel.: +1-214-335-1651 (Y.D.); +1-713-743-3709 (C.M.)
| | - Laura Paglicawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.P.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (S.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Sanam Soomro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.P.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (S.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Omar Abunofal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.P.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (S.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Sahar Baig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.P.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (S.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Kamala Vanarsa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.P.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (S.B.); (K.V.)
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.P.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (S.B.); (K.V.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (C.M.); Tel.: +1-214-335-1651 (Y.D.); +1-713-743-3709 (C.M.)
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19
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Jennison E, Byrne CD. The role of the gut microbiome and diet in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 27:22-43. [PMID: 33291863 PMCID: PMC7820212 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, with a prevalence that is increasing in parallel with the global rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and multifactorial, involving environmental, genetic and metabolic factors. The role of the diet and the gut microbiome is gaining interest as a significant factor in NAFLD pathogenesis. Dietary factors induce alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome (dysbiosis), commonly reflected by a reduction of the beneficial species and an increase in pathogenic microbiota. Due to the close relationship between the gut and liver, altering the gut microbiome can affect liver functions; promoting hepatic steatosis and inflammation. This review summarises the current evidence supporting an association between NAFLD and the gut microbiome and dietary factors. The review also explores potential underlying mechanisms underpinning these associations and whether manipulation of the gut microbiome is a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent or treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Jennison
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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20
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Fernández LP, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramírez de Molina A. Alterations of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer: Implications in Prognosis and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577420. [PMID: 33194695 PMCID: PMC7655926 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. In the course of this multistage and multifactorial disease, a set of alterations takes place, with genetic and environmental factors modulating tumorigenesis and disease progression. Metabolic alterations of tumors are well-recognized and are considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Cancer cells adapt their metabolic competences in order to efficiently supply their novel demands of energy to sustain cell proliferation and metastasis. At present, there is a growing interest in understanding the metabolic switch that occurs during tumorigenesis. Together with the Warburg effect and the increased glutaminolysis, lipid metabolism has emerged as essential for tumor development and progression. Indeed, several investigations have demonstrated the consequences of lipid metabolism alterations in cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, three basic steps occurring during metastasis. In addition, obesity and associated metabolic alterations have been shown to augment the risk of cancer and to worsen its prognosis. Consequently, an extensive collection of tumorigenic steps has been shown to be modulated by lipid metabolism, not only affecting the growth of primary tumors, but also mediating progression and metastasis. Besides, key enzymes involved in lipid-metabolic pathways have been associated with cancer survival and have been proposed as prognosis biomarkers of cancer. In this review, we will analyze the impact of obesity and related tumor microenviroment alterations as modifiable risk factors in cancer, focusing on the lipid alterations co-occurring during tumorigenesis. The value of precision technologies and its application to target lipid metabolism in cancer will also be discussed. The degree to which lipid alterations, together with current therapies and intake of specific dietary components, affect risk of cancer is now under investigation, and innovative therapeutic or preventive applications must be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara P Fernández
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Yamasaki S, Kimura G, Koizumi K, Dai N, Ketema RM, Tomihara T, Ueno Y, Ohno Y, Sato S, Kurasaki M, Hosokawa T, Saito T. Maternal green tea extract intake during lactation attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation in adult male rats exposed to a continuous high-fat diet from the foetal period. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:5231. [PMID: 34908919 PMCID: PMC8634344 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.5231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal lipid intake in the early postnatal period has a long-term effect on the possibility of fatty liver formation in children; besides, the importance of lipid consumption during lactation for children’s health has been suggested. Green tea extract (GTE) contains abundant catechins, and it has been reported to improve lipid metabolism and prevent fatty liver. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the effects of maternal GTE intake during lactation on hepatic lipid accumulation in adult male rats exposed to a continuous high-fat (HF) diet from the foetal period. Methods Pregnant Wistar rats received diets containing 13% (control-fat, CON) or 45% (high-fat, HF) fat. CON-fed mothers received the same diet during lactation, whereas HF-fed mothers received either HF diet alone or HF diet supplemented with 0.24% GTE. At weaning, male offspring were divided into three groups, i.e. CON/CON/CON, HF/HF/HF (HF-offspring) or HF/HF+GTE/HF (GTE-offspring), and were fed until 51 weeks. Results A significant hepatic triglyceride (Tg) accumulation was observed in the HF-offspring when compared with the other offspring. This is presumed to be caused by the promotion of Tg synthesis derived from exogenous fatty acid due to a significant increase in diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 and a decrease in Tg expenditure caused by decreasing microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) and long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. On the other hand, attenuated hepatic Tg accumulation was observed in the GTE-offspring. The levels of the hepatic lipid metabolism-related enzymes were improved to the same level as the CON-offspring, and particularly, MTTP was significantly increased as compared with the HF-offspring. Conclusion This study indicates the potential protective effects of maternal GTE intake during lactation on HF diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in adult male rat offspring and the possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Goh Kimura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Koizumi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ning Dai
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Tomomi Tomihara
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukako Ueno
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohno
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shin Sato
- Department of Nutrition, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hosokawa
- Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Mika M, Wikiera A, Antończyk A, Grabacka M. The impact of catechins included in high fat diet on AMP-dependent protein kinase in apoE knock-out mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:348-356. [PMID: 32900230 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1817345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to their health-promoting effects green tea catechins have gained a keen interest in recent years in the context of bodyweight reduction treatments and alleviation of inflammatory diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of native and thermally modified catechins (TMC) on the body weight gain, fatty acid profile in subcutaneous adipose tissue and the activity of the enzymes involved in lipid metabolism regulation: AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in apoE-deficient mice maintained on a high-fat diet. We observed that TMC decreased bodyweight gain as compared to the control group. Furthermore, TMC increased AMPK activity and reduced ACC activity in the metabolically important tissues: intestine, liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue and affected adipose tissue fatty acid composition. Native catechins produced less pronounced effects. These results suggest that TMC down-regulate endogenous fatty acid synthesis, which should be taken into account in dietary applications of catechins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mika
- Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wikiera
- Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Antończyk
- Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maja Grabacka
- Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
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The Pharmacological Activity of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze on Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040603. [PMID: 32294991 PMCID: PMC7226397 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea made from Camellia sinensis leaves is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. This systematic review aims to update Camellia sinensis pharmacological activity on metabolic and endocrine disorders. Inclusion criteria were preclinical and clinical studies of tea extracts and isolated compounds on osteoporosis, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity written in English between 2014 and 2019 and published in Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus. From a total of 1384 studies, 80 reports met inclusion criteria. Most papers were published in 2015 (29.3%) and 2017 (20.6%), conducted in China (28.75%), US (12.5%), and South Korea (10%) and carried out with extracts (67.5%, especially green tea) and isolated compounds (41.25%, especially epigallocatechin gallate). Most pharmacological studies were in vitro and in vivo studies focused on diabetes and obesity. Clinical trials, although they have demonstrated promising results, are very limited. Future research should be aimed at providing more clinical evidence on less studied pathologies such as osteoporosis, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Given the close relationship among all endocrine disorders, it would be of interest to find a standard dose of tea or their bioactive constituents that would be beneficial for all of them.
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Kotzé-Hörstmann LM, Sadie-Van Gijsen H. Modulation of Glucose Metabolism by Leaf Tea Constituents: A Systematic Review of Recent Clinical and Pre-clinical Findings. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2973-3005. [PMID: 32105058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Leaf teas are widely used as a purported treatment for dysregulated glucose homeostasis. The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the clinical and cellular-metabolic evidence, published between January 2013 and May 2019, and indexed on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, supporting the use of leaf teas for this purpose. Fourteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (13 on Camellia sinensis teas) were included, with mixed results, and providing scant mechanistic information. In contrast, 74 animal and cell culture studies focusing on the pancreas, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue yielded mostly positive results and highlighted enhanced insulin signaling as a recurring target associated with the effects of teas on glucose metabolism. We conclude that more studies, including RCTs and pre-clinical studies examining teas from a wider variety of species beyond C. sinensis, are required to establish a stronger evidence base on the use of leaf teas to normalize glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liske M Kotzé-Hörstmann
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, Parow 7505, South Africa
| | - Hanél Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, Parow 7505, South Africa
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Cheng C, Li Z, Zhao X, Liao C, Quan J, Bode AM, Cao Y, Luo X. Natural alkaloid and polyphenol compounds targeting lipid metabolism: Treatment implications in metabolic diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 870:172922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Shen Y, Xiao X, Wu K, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Liu J, Sun S, Liu J. Effects and molecular mechanisms of Ninghong black tea extract in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of rats. J Food Sci 2020; 85:800-807. [PMID: 32090345 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to observe the effects of Ninghong black tea extract on fat deposition and high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to explore the potential mechanisms of these effect. Under 2% Ninghong black tea extract diet feeding in rat model, the results showed that Ninghong black tea extract decreased the body fat ratio and the number of lipid droplets in the liver and significantly alleviated NAFLD in the rat model. The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that Ninghong black tea extract significantly upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), which is important in fatty acid β-oxidation, and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), which plays an important role in the synthesis of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). By promoting the expression of PPARα and MTP in liver tissue and thereby promoting fatty acid β-oxidation and VLDL synthesis, Ninghong black tea extract relieves high-fat diet-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Kunlu Wu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yanpeng Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yijun Yuan
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Shuming Sun
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, China
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Tang GY, Meng X, Gan RY, Zhao CN, Liu Q, Feng YB, Li S, Wei XL, Atanasov AG, Corke H, Li HB. Health Functions and Related Molecular Mechanisms of Tea Components: An Update Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6196. [PMID: 31817990 PMCID: PMC6941079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is widely consumed all over the world. Generally, tea is divided into six categories: White, green, yellow, oolong, black, and dark teas, based on the fermentation degree. Tea contains abundant phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, pigments, polysaccharides, alkaloids, free amino acids, and saponins. However, the bioavailability of tea phytochemicals is relatively low. Thus, some novel technologies like nanotechnology have been developed to improve the bioavailability of tea bioactive components and consequently enhance the bioactivity. So far, many studies have demonstrated that tea shows various health functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-regulatory, anticancer, cardiovascular-protective, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and hepato-protective effects. Moreover, it is also considered that drinking tea is safe to humans, since reports about the severe adverse effects of tea consumption are rare. In order to provide a better understanding of tea and its health potential, this review summarizes and discusses recent literature on the bioactive components, bioavailability, health functions, and safety issues of tea, with special attention paid to the related molecular mechanisms of tea health functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, No. 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.-B.F.); (S.L.)
| | - Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-L.W.); (H.C.)
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yi-Bin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, No. 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.-B.F.); (S.L.)
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, No. 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.-B.F.); (S.L.)
| | - Xin-Lin Wei
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-L.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-L.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.-Y.T.); (X.M.); (C.-N.Z.); (Q.L.)
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Mao X, Xiao X, Chen D, Yu B, He J. Tea and Its Components Prevent Cancer: A Review of the Redox-Related Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5249. [PMID: 31652732 PMCID: PMC6862630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide epidemic and represents a major threat to human health and survival. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in cancer cells, which includes both promoting and inhibiting carcinogenesis. Tea remains one of the most prevalent beverages consumed due in part to its anti- or pro-oxidative properties. The active compounds in tea, particularly tea polyphenols, can directly or indirectly scavenge ROS to reduce oncogenesis and cancerometastasis. Interestingly, the excessive levels of ROS induced by consuming tea could induce programmed cell death (PCD) or non-PCD of cancer cells. On the basis of illustrating the relationship between ROS and cancer, the current review discusses the composition and efficacy of tea including the redox-relative (including anti-oxidative and pro-oxidative activity) mechanisms and their role along with other components in preventing and treating cancer. This information will highlight the basis for the clinical utilization of tea extracts in the prevention or treatment of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiangjun Xiao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jun He
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Divergent Roles of Kupffer Cell TLR2/3 Signaling in Alcoholic Liver Disease and the Protective Role of EGCG. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:145-160. [PMID: 31562937 PMCID: PMC6909006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR3 regulate hepatic immunity under pathological conditions, but their functions and potential drug targets in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remain poorly understood. METHODS ALD-associated liver injury were induced in TLR2 knockout (TLR2-/-), TLR3-/-, TLR2-/- bone marrow transplanted (BMT), TLR3-/- BMT, IL-10-/- mice, and their wild-type littermates through ethanol challenge with or without co-administered epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Moreover, Kupffer cells were depleted by GdCl3 injection to evaluate their pathogenic roles in ALD. RESULTS We identified that deficiency of TLR2 and TLR3 significantly alleviated and aggravated ALD-induced liver injury, respectively. Mechanistically, Kupffer cell inactivation, M1 to M2 polarization, and IL-10 production via STAT3 activation contributed to hepatic protection mediated by concurrent TLR2 inhibition and TLR3 agonism. These findings were further confirmed in TLR2 and TLR3 BMT mice. We also identified a novel ALD-protective agent EGCG which directly interacted with Kupffer cell TLR2/3 to induce IL-10 production. Deficiency of IL-10 aggravated ALD injury and blunted EGCG-mediated hepatoprotection while depletion of Kupffer cells partially recovered liver injury but abolished EGCG's actions. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results illustrate the divergent roles of Kupffer cells TLR2/3 in ALD progression via anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production.
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Zhou J, Ho CT, Long P, Meng Q, Zhang L, Wan X. Preventive Efficiency of Green Tea and Its Components on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5306-5317. [PMID: 30892882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a typical chronic liver disease highly correlated with metabolic syndrome. Growing prevalence of NAFLD is supposed to be linked with the unhealthy lifestyle, especially high-calorie diet and lacking enough exercise. Currently, there is no validated pharmacological therapy for NAFLD except for weight reduction. However, many dietary strategies had preventive effects on the development of liver steatosis or its progression. As one of the most common beverages, green tea contains abundant bioactive compounds possessing antioxidant, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as improving insulin resistance and gut dysbiosis that can alleviate the risk of NAFLD. Hence, in this review, we summarized the studies of green tea and its components on NAFLD from animal experiments and human interventions and discussed the potential mechanisms. Available evidence suggested that tea consumption is promising to prevent NAFLD, and further mechanisms and clinical studies need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey , United States
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Carrasco-Pozo C, Cires MJ, Gotteland M. Quercetin and Epigallocatechin Gallate in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity: From Molecular to Clinical Studies. J Med Food 2019; 22:753-770. [PMID: 31084513 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic, which is characterized by the excess accumulation of adipose tissue and to an extent that impairs both the physical and psychosocial health and well-being. There are several weight-loss strategies available, including dietary modification, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery, but many are ineffective or not a long-term solution. Bioactive compounds present in medicinal plants and plant extracts, like polyphenols, constitute the oldest and most extensive form of alternative treatments for the prevention and management of obesity. Their consumption is currently increasing in the population due to the high cost, potential adverse effects, and limited benefits of the currently available pharmaceutical drugs. A great number of studies has explored how dietary polyphenols can interfere with the different mechanisms associated with obesity development. They suggest that these compounds can decrease energy and food intake, lipogenesis, and preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation, while increasing energy expenditure, lipolysis, and fat oxidation. Both quercetin, one of the most common dietary flavonols in the western diet, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, exhibit antiobesity effects in adipocyte cultures and animal models. However, the extrapolation of these potential benefits to obese humans remains unclear. Although quercetin supplementation does not seem to exert any beneficial effects on body weight, this polyphenol could prevent the obesity-associated mortality by reducing cardiovascular disease risk. An important consideration for the design of further trials is the occurrence of gene polymorphisms in key enzymes involved in flavanol metabolism, which determines a subject's sensitivity to catechins and seems, therefore, crucial for the success of the antiobesity intervention. Although the evidence supporting antiobesity effects is more consistent in EGCG than with quercetin studies, they could still be beneficial by reducing the cardiovascular risk of obese subjects, rather than inducing body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Carrasco-Pozo
- 1Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Chile.,2Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - María Jose Cires
- 1Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Chile
| | - Martin Gotteland
- 1Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Chile.,3Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Peng J, Jia Y, Hu T, Du J, Wang Y, Cheng B, Li K. GC-(4→8)-GCG, A Proanthocyanidin Dimer from Camellia ptilophylla, Modulates Obesity and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in High-Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900082. [PMID: 30893514 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue leads to obesity and related chronic inflammation. This study aims to examine the effects of gallocatechin -(4→8)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate (GC-(4→8)-GCG), a main proanthocyanidin dimer from Camellia ptilophylla (Cocoa tea), on adipocyte- and adipose-related inflammation in vivo and in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice are fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and GC-(4→8)-GCG (40 or 80 mg kg-1 d-1 ) for 8 weeks. The metabolic profiles, adipose tissue hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine production are investigated. Additionally, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are utilized to investigate the effect of GC-(4→8)-GCG on preadipocyte differentiation and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated inflammatory response in vitro. GC-(4→8)-GCG supplementation decreases HFD-induced epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) hypertrophy, suppresses proinflammatory cytokine production and macrophage infiltration in eWAT, and improves insulin sensitivity in HFD-induced obese mice. In vitro, GC-(4→8)-GCG shows a strong anti-adipogenic potential in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte by inhibiting the expression of key adipogenic transcription factors and decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB, Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. CONCLUSION GC-(4→8)-GCG can modulate obesity and improve obesity-related insulin resistance by inhibiting preadipocyte differentiation and the related proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Tianyong Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Longgang ENT Hospital and Institute of ENT, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Jing Du
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Baohui Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Longgang ENT Hospital and Institute of ENT, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Kaikai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Casagrande BP, Gomes MFP, Moura EOC, Santos ACC, Kubota MC, Ribeiro DA, Pisani LP, Medeiros A, Estadella D. Age-dependent hepatic alterations induced by a high-fat high-fructose diet. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:359-368. [PMID: 30874869 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate and clarify how the age at which the intake of a high-fat and high-fructose diet begins can affect animals' livers. METHODS Thirty-eight male wistar rats aged 6 and 12 weeks were fed a high-fat and high-fructose diet for 13 weeks. Inflammatory cytokines, hepatic glycogen, serum and hepatic triacylglycerol and pAkt protein content in the liver were assessed. Percentage of weight gained, and visceral adiposity were also evaluated. RESULTS Young animal presented increased hepatic triacylglycerol and decreased glycogen, while adult animals had no significant alterations regarding its contents. IL6 and IL10 to IL6 ratio were also altered in young animals exposed to HFHF, while adult animals fed with HFHF had only increases in TNF-α. Both groups which received HFHF had increased serum triacylglycerol and visceral adiposity. However, only young animals gained more relative weight and had greater final body weight, gains which were related to alterations found in hepatic triacylglycerol and glycogen. CONCLUSION Age of which consumption begins interferes in how the liver deals with an excess of nutrient and subsequent proinflammatory stimulation, leading to different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Casagrande
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - M F P Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - E O C Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - A C C Santos
- Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - M C Kubota
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - D A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - L P Pisani
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - A Medeiros
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - D Estadella
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Rafiei H, Omidian K, Bandy B. Dietary Polyphenols Protect Against Oleic Acid-Induced Steatosis in an in Vitro Model of NAFLD by Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Improving Mitochondrial Function. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030541. [PMID: 30832407 PMCID: PMC6471211 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the relative effectiveness of common dietary polyphenols or the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine in protecting against molecular mechanisms underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involving changes to cellular lipid metabolism and bioenergetics. In a model of steatosis using HepG2 hepatocytes, exposure of the cells to 1.5 mM oleic acid (OA) for 24 h caused steatosis and distorted cell morphology, induced the expression of mRNA for enzymes that are involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation (FAS and CPT1A), and impaired indices of aerobic energy metabolism (PPARγ mRNA expression, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and galactose-supported ATP production). Co-treatment with 10 µM of selected polyphenols all strongly protected against the steatosis and changes in cell morphology. All polyphenols, except cyanidin, inhibited the effects on FAS and PPARγ and further increased CPT1A1 expression, suggesting a shift toward increased β-oxidation. Resveratrol, quercetin, catechin, and cyanidin, however not kuromanin or berberine, ameliorated the decreases in MMP and galactose-derived ATP. Berberine was unique in worsening the decrease in galactose-derived ATP. In further investigations of the mechanisms involved, resveratrol, catechin, and berberine increased SIRT1 enzyme activity and p-AMPKαThr172 protein, which are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, selected polyphenols all protected against steatosis with similar effectiveness, however through different mechanisms that increased aerobic lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rafiei
- Nutrition Division, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Kosar Omidian
- Nutrition Division, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Brian Bandy
- Nutrition Division, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly important cause of chronic liver disease globally. Similar to metabolic syndrome and obesity, NAFLD is associated with alternations in the gut microbiota and its related biological pathways. While the exact pathophysiology of NAFLD remains largely unknown, changes in intestinal inflammation, gut permeability, energy harvest, anaerobic fermentation and insulin resistance have been described. In this chapter, we review the relationship between the gut microbiota, obesity and NAFLD, and highlight potential ways to modify the gut microbiota to help managing NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis H S Lau
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Panera N, Barbaro B, Della Corte C, Mosca A, Nobili V, Alisi A. A review of the pathogenic and therapeutic role of nutrition in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Res 2018; 58:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Herbs and Supplements in Patients with NAFLD. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6030080. [PMID: 30201879 PMCID: PMC6165515 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim is to review the efficacy of various herbs and supplements as a possible therapeutic option in the treatment and/or prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We performed a systematic review of medical literature using the PubMed Database by searching the chemical names of many common herbs and supplements with “AND (NAFLD or NASH)”. Studies and medical literature that discussed the roles and usage of herbs and supplements in NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from inception until 20 June 2018 were reviewed. Many studies have claimed that the use of various herbs and supplements may improve disease endpoints and outcomes related to NAFLD and/or NASH. Improvement in liver function tests were noted. Amelioration or reduction of lobular inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis were also noted. However, well-designed studies demonstrating improved clinical outcomes are lacking. Furthermore, experts remain concerned about the lack of regulation of herbs/supplements and the need for further research on potential adverse effects and herb–drug interactions. In conclusion, preliminary data on several herbs have demonstrated promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-adipogenic properties that may help curtail the progression of NAFLD/NASH. Clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy must be completed before widespread use can be recommended.
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Kocak A, Harmancı D, Birlik M, Sarıoglu S, Yılmaz O, Cavdar Z, Guner G. Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on a scleroderma model of fibrosis. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 43:464-473. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb-2017-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on fibrosis in bleomycin induced scleroderma model.
Materials and methods
Thirty-two healthy female Balb-c mice with the average body weight of 22±5 g were used in this study. The mice were randomly divided into four groups as control (n=8), Bleomycin (n=8), Bleomycin+EGCG (n=8) and EGCG (n=8). Skin tissue samples were collected to quantify matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-13), p-SMAD 2/3 and SMAD 2/3 in protein homogenates by western blotting. TGF-β1 expression was determined by real-time PCR. Immunohistopathological and histopathological examinations of skin tissues were also done.
Results
When measured with Masson Trichrome, EGCG treatment was found to decrease fibrosis in connective tissue compared to the BLM injected control. EGCG was decreased dermal fibrosis. Bleomycin+EGCG group showed a significant reduction in fibrosis at the dermal surface area using hematoxylin measurements compared with the BLM group. MMP-1, MMP-8 protein levels were increased and p-SMAD 2/3 protein level was decreased. TGF-β mRNA expression was decreased in the EGCG+BLM group compared with the BLM group.
Conclusion
These results suggest an antifibrotic role for EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Kocak
- Institute of Health Sciences , Department of Molecular Medicine , Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Duygu Harmancı
- Institute of Health Sciences , Department of Molecular Medicine , Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Merih Birlik
- Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology , Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Sulen Sarıoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology , Dokuz Eylül University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Osman Yılmaz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences , Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Zahide Cavdar
- Institute of Health Sciences , Department of Molecular Medicine , Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Gul Guner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Izmir University of Economics , Izmir , Turkey
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Zhang Q, Yuan H, Zhang C, Guan Y, Wu Y, Ling F, Niu Y, Li Y. Epigallocatechin gallate improves insulin resistance in HepG2 cells through alleviating inflammation and lipotoxicity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 142:363-373. [PMID: 29940201 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS High levels of circulating free fatty acids (FFAs), inflammation and oxidative stress are important causes for insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of EGCG in alleviating IR in HepG2 cells. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with 25 mM glucose, 0.25 mM palmitic acid (PA), or 50 μM EGCG for 24 h. RESULTS EGCG increased glucose uptake and decreased glucose content. EGCG markedly decreased the levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress factors including nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and p53 protein, and markedly increased superoxide dismutases (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and SOD2 protein. EGCG significantly downregulated the levels of FFAs, triacylglycerol and cholesterol in HepG2 cells. The glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) protein and its downstream proteins peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1β were significantly increased, and sterol regulatory element-binding-1c (SREBP-1c) protein, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were significantly decreased by EGCG in HepG2. Moreover, the foregoing effects were reversed by siRNA-mediated knockdown of GLUT2. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that EGCG improved IR, possibly through ameliorating glucose (25 mM) and PA (0.25 mM)-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and FFAs via the GLUT2/PGC-1β/SREBP-1c/FAS pathway in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Fan Ling
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yucun Niu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
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Maternal consumption of green tea extract during pregnancy and lactation alters offspring's metabolism in rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199969. [PMID: 30020947 PMCID: PMC6051583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Green tea extract has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects which improve dyslipidemia and decrease adipose tissue depots associated with hyperlipidic diet consumption. Objective To evaluate the effect of green tea extract consumption by rats during pregnancy and lactation on the metabolism of their offspring that received control or high-fat diet with water during 10 weeks after weaning. Methods Wistar rats received water (W) or green tea extract diluted in water (G) (400 mg/kg body weight/day), and control diet (10 animals in W and G groups) during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, offspring received water and a control (CW) or a high-fat diet (HW), for 10 weeks. One week before the end of treatment, oral glucose tolerance test was performed. The animals were euthanized and the samples were collected for biochemical, hormonal and antioxidant enzymes activity analyses. In addition, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were quantified by ELISA while p-NF-κBp50 was analyzed by Western Blotting. Repeated Measures ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test were used to find differences between data (p < 0.05). Results The consumption of high-fat diet by rats for 10 weeks after weaning promoted hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, and increased fat depots. The ingestion of a high-fat diet by the offspring of mothers who consumed green tea extract during pregnancy and lactation decreased the inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue, while the ingestion of a control diet increased the same cytokines. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that prenatal consumption of green tea associated with consumption of high-fat diet by offspring after weaning prevented inflammation. However, maternal consumption of the green tea extract induced a proinflammatory status in the adipose tissue of the adult offspring that received the control diet after weaning.
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Protection by different classes of dietary polyphenols against palmitic acid-induced steatosis, nitro-oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in HepG2 hepatocytes. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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42
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The critical role of epigallocatechin gallate in regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Future Med Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0204
expr 946749968 + 822201775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of polyphenols isolated from green tea, exhibits biology-benefiting effects with minimum severe adverse. EGCG is known to be a mitochondrion-targeting medicinal agent, regulating mitochondrial metabolism, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and mitochondria-mediated cell cycle and apoptosis. EGCG might exhibit either antioxidative activity to prevent against oxidative stress or pro-oxidative activity to counteract cancer cells, which depends on the cellular stress situations, cell types and the concentration of EGCG. Recent research has gained positive and promising data. This review will discuss the interaction between EGCG and mitochondrion.
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43
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The critical role of epigallocatechin gallate in regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:795-809. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of polyphenols isolated from green tea, exhibits biology-benefiting effects with minimum severe adverse. EGCG is known to be a mitochondrion-targeting medicinal agent, regulating mitochondrial metabolism, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and mitochondria-mediated cell cycle and apoptosis. EGCG might exhibit either antioxidative activity to prevent against oxidative stress or pro-oxidative activity to counteract cancer cells, which depends on the cellular stress situations, cell types and the concentration of EGCG. Recent research has gained positive and promising data. This review will discuss the interaction between EGCG and mitochondrion.
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Wang W, Zhang ZZ, Wu Y, Wang RQ, Chen JW, Chen J, Zhang Y, Chen YJ, Geng M, Xu ZD, Dai M, Li JH, Pan LL. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Ameliorates Atherosclerosis and Modulates Hepatic Lipid Metabolic Gene Expression in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice: Involvement of TTC39B. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:195. [PMID: 29593532 PMCID: PMC5854642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant chronic inflammation and excess accumulation of lipids play a pivotal role in the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. (–)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major catechins in green tea, displayed anti-atherosclerotic properties in vivo and in vitro. However, the effects and underlying mechanism of EGCG on atherosclerosis remain unclear. Methods: Male apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) mice (7 weeks old) fed with high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with normal saline or EGCG (40 mg/kg/d, i.g.) for 18 weeks. Atherosclerotic plaque and liver lipid accumulation were measured by Oil Red staining. Plasma lipids and cytokines were detected using commercial kits. The expression of protein and mRNA was analyzed by western blot and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results: EGCG administration markedly attenuated atherosclerotic plaque formation in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice, which were accompanied by increased plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10) level and decreased plasma IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. In addition, EGCG modulated high-fat-induced dyslipidemia, evidencing by decreased total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein levels and increased high-density lipoprotein level. Meanwhile, EGCG treatment alleviated high-fat-mediated liver lipid accumulation and decreased liver TC and triglyceride. Mechanistically, EGCG significantly modulated high-fat-induced hepatic tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein 39B (TTC39B) expression and its related genes (Lxrβ, Abcg5, Abcg8, Abca1, Srebf1, Scd1, Scd2, Fas, Elovl5, Mylip) expression in liver from ApoE-/- mice. Notably, EGCG remarkably induced hepatic liver X receptor α (LXRα) and LXRβ expression and inhibited both precursor and mature sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor-1 (SREBP-1) expression. Conclusion: Taken together, our data for the first time suggested that TTC39B was involved in EGCG-mediated anti-atherosclerotic effects through modulation of LXR/SREBP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng-Zhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Ru-Qing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Wu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhong-Dong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Dai
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Effect of the consumption of green tea extract during pregnancy and lactation on metabolism of mothers and 28d-old offspring. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1869. [PMID: 29382887 PMCID: PMC5790015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effects of the maternal consumption of the green tea extract during pregnancy and lactation on mothers and offspring metabolism. The female Wistar rats, on the first day of pregnancy until the end of lactation, was divided into groups: MC– received water and ME– received green tea extract (400 mg/kg body weight/day), both ingested control diet. After lactation, at day 28th post-partum, the mothers and pups from each mother were euthanized and composed the groups: FC– pup from mother received water and FE– pup from mother received green tea extract. The ME group increased IL-10/TNF-α ratio and IL-1β content in the mesenteric and IL-1β content in retroperitoneal adipose tissues, and decreased catalase activity. The FE group decreased the retroperitoneal adipose tissue relative weight and SOD activity, but increased adiponectin, LPS, IL-10 and IL-6 content and IL-10/TNF-α ratio in retroperitoneal, IL-10 and TNF-α content in gonadal, and IL-6 content in mesenteric adipose tissues. In summary, the maternal consumption of green tea extract associated with control diet ingestion during pregnancy and lactation altered the inflammatory status of mothers and 28d-old offspring. These data elucidate the effects of green tea during pregnancy and lactation on maternal and offspring metabolism.
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Ilex latifolia Thunb protects mice from HFD-induced body weight gain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14660. [PMID: 29116160 PMCID: PMC5676986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kuding tea is implicated in alleviating metabolic disorders in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the role of Ilex latifolia Thunb (kuding tea), one of the large leaf kuding tea species, in the prevention of the development of obesity remains to be determined. We show here that 7-week-old male mice treated with an Ilex latifolia Thunb supplement for 14 weeks were resistant to HFD-induced body weight gain and hepatic steatosis, accompanied by improved insulin sensitivity. Ilex latifolia Thunb supplementation dramatically reduced the systemic and tissue inflammation levels of mice via reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in the circulation and inhibiting p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB signaling in adipose tissue. Together, these results indicate that Ilex latifolia Thunb protects mice from the development of obesity and is a potential compound pool for the development of novel anti-obesity drugs.
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Antonucci L, Porcu C, Iannucci G, Balsano C, Barbaro B. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nutritional Implications: Special Focus on Copper. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1137. [PMID: 29057834 PMCID: PMC5691753 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excess lipids in hepatocytes, due to excessive fatty acid influx from adipose tissue, de novo hepatic lipogenesis, in addition to excessive dietary fat and carbohydrate intake. Chronic hepatic lipid overload induces mitochondrial oxidative stress and cellular damage leading the development of NAFLD into a more severe liver disease condition, non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH). In turn, this can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among others, copper is one of the main bio-metals required for the preponderance of the enzymes involved in physiological redox reactions, which primarily occurs during mitochondrial respiration. Thus, copper homeostasis could be considered a target point for counteracting the progression of NAFLD. Accordingly, many diseases are correlated to unbalanced copper levels and, actually, some clinical trials are examining the use of copper chelating agents. Currently, no pharmacological interventions are approved for NAFLD, but nutritional and lifestyle modifications are always recommended. Fittingly, antioxidant food agents recognized to improve NAFLD and its complications have been described in the literature to bind copper. Therefore, this review describes the role of nutrition in the development and progression of NAFLD with a particular focus on copper and copper-binding antioxidant compounds against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gino Iannucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Chen C, Liu Q, Liu L, Hu Y, Feng Q. Potential Biological Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28799714 PMCID: PMC6120134 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue throughout the world. However, no validated treatments for NAFLD are currently available. In‐depth studies have demonstrated the efficacy of (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a main bioactive chemical extracted from green tea, in treating NAFLD. EGCG exhibits multi‐pronged preventive and therapeutic activities, including promoting lipid and glucose metabolism, anti‐lipid peroxidation and anti‐inflammation activities, anti‐fibrosis, and anti‐NAFLD related tumor, thus contributing to the mitigation of NAFLD occurrence and progression. The objectives of this paper are to review and discuss the currently known targets, signaling pathways and roles of EGCG that interfere with NAFLD pathogenesis, then providing additional experimental evidence and the foundation for the further studies and clinical applications of EGCG in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Liu
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐yang Hu
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Clinical MedicineShanghaiChina
- E‐Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education CommitteeShanghaiChina
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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49
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Ying L, Yan F, Zhao Y, Gao H, Williams BR, Hu Y, Li X, Tian R, Xu P, Wang Y. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and atorvastatin treatment down-regulates liver fibrosis-related genes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:1180-1191. [PMID: 28815679 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated advanced liver diseases have become prevalent conditions in many countries and are associated with increased mortality. Gene expression profiles in NAFLD have been examined recently but changes in expression elicited by chemical compound treatments have not been investigated. Since (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and atorvastatin (ATST) exhibit similar efficacy in NAFLD models, we reasoned that some common key genes might alter after treatment of EGCG and ATST. Accordingly, we applied integrated bioinformatics analyses of RNA microarray data from EGCG and ATST treatment groups compared to controls in a NAFLD phenotypic mouse model. Using differential expression (DE) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and ClueGO enrichment, shared EGCG and ATST down-regulated pathways were identified which included extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To refine key genes associated with liver fibrosis, a human NAFLD signature derived from patients of different fibrosis stages was analyzed. The results showed that fibrosis-related genes Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1 and Col6a3 were significantly down-regulated. These four genes were further validated as down-regulated in an independent mouse NAFLD dataset. We conclude that EGCG and ATST treatment results in the significant down-regulation of genes related to liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ying
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Feng Yan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Yueling Zhao
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hugh Gao
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Bryan Rg Williams
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Yiqun Hu
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Run Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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50
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Ding S, Jiang J, Yu P, Zhang G, Zhang G, Liu X. Green tea polyphenol treatment attenuates atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E-knockout mice via alleviating dyslipidemia and up-regulating autophagy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181666. [PMID: 28777810 PMCID: PMC5544182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Green tea polyphenol (GTP) is a polyphenol source from green tea that has drawn wide attention owing to epidemiological evidence of its beneficial effects in the prevention of cardiovascular disease; the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GTP treatment on autophagy regulation in the vessel wall and lipid metabolism of HFD-fed male ApoE-knockout mice. Methods: Adult male ApoE-knockout mice (n = 30) fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with either vehicle or GTP (3.2 or 6.4 g/L) administered via drinking water for 15 weeks, and C57BL/6J mice fed with standard chow diet (STD) were used as the control group. Metabolic parameters, expression of key mRNAs and proteins of hepatic lipid metabolism and autophagy in the vessel wall of mice were determined after the 15-week treatment. Results: A HFD induced atherosclerosis formation and lipid metabolism disorders as well as reduced autophagy expression in the vessel wall of ApoE-knockout mice, but GTP treatment alleviated the lipid metabolism disorders, decreased the oxLDL levels in serum, and increased the mRNA and protein expressions of hepatic PPARα and autophagy markers (LC3, Beclin1 and p62) in the vessel wall of ApoE-knockout mice. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that GTP supplementation showed marked suppression of atherogenesis through improved lipid metabolism as well as through a direct impact on oxLDL and autophagy flux in the vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Ding
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Pengxin Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, PR, China
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