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Cioffredi LA, Garner B, Maxwell JR, Merhar S, Peralta-Carcelen M, Scott LS, Sisodia M, DeMauro SB. Infant and early childhood physical health assessments in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101414. [PMID: 39032415 PMCID: PMC11315127 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. Many prenatal and early childhood exposures impact both later physical health and development. Moreover, early deficits in physical health, such as growth and vision, are associated with differences in brain development, language and cognitive functioning. For these reasons, the HBCD Study includes measures of early childhood physical health, many of which have clinical relevance, and are applicable for use as both predictors and outcomes. Study measures assess a broad range of physical health domains and include both objective measurement of child growth and health and subjective caregiver report of behaviors and attitudes about constructs known to influence growth and physical development. Lastly, we obtain caregiver report of the child's routine medical care as well as acute and chronic medical issues. We anticipate that these data will contextualize the impact of child physical growth and health on child brain development and function. In this report we present the rationale for each domain and an overview of the physical health measures included in the current HBCD Study protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh-Anne Cioffredi
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Vermont Children's Hospital, United States.
| | - Bailey Garner
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, United States
| | - Jessie R Maxwell
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, United States
| | - Stephanie Merhar
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, United States
| | | | - Lisa S Scott
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, United States
| | | | - Sara B DeMauro
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, United States; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, United States
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Grafft N, Gago C, Garcia E, Aftosmes-Tobio A, Jurkowski JM, Blaine RE, Davison KK. Parent Experiences of Empowerment: Understanding the Role of Parent Empowerment in Child Health Promotion. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2024; 47:261-274. [PMID: 39158172 PMCID: PMC11335312 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishing healthy behaviors during a child's first 5 years is essential for healthy growth. Parents are targeted as agents of change because they serve as primary models of behavior during this period. Although parent-focused interventions often target empowerment as a driver of change, our understanding of how parents experience the process of empowerment in the context of child health promotion remains limited. OBJECTIVE This qualitative study explored the process by which parents gain empowerment through participation in a health promotion intervention. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 37 low-income parents who participated in Parents Connect for Healthy Living (PConnect), a 10-week empowerment-centered obesity prevention intervention. Data were analyzed using inductive-deductive thematic analysis and guided by empowerment theories. RESULTS Most parents were Hispanic/Latino (41%) and female (97%). Five themes emerged that correspond to the process by which parents gained empowerment: (1) friendships formed and relationships strengthened during PConnect, (2) parents strengthened relationships with their children and believed in their ability to parent successfully, (3) the experience of knowledge led to behavior change, (4) parents used new resources to improve family health, and (5) parents took action. CONCLUSION Empowerment theory should be a component of health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Grafft
- Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts (Mrs Grafft); Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Gago); Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Ms Garcia); Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts (Ms Aftosmes-Tobio); Health Policy, Management, & Behavior, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, New York (Dr Jurkowski); Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California (Dr Blaine); and Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts (Dr Davison)
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3
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Abate F, Adu-Amankwah A, Ae-Ngibise KA, Agbokey F, Agyemang VA, Agyemang CT, Akgun C, Ametepe J, Arichi T, Asante KP, Balaji S, Baljer L, Basser PJ, Beauchemin J, Bennallick C, Berhane Y, Boateng-Mensah Y, Bourke NJ, Bradford L, Bruchhage M, Lorente RC, Cawley P, Cercignani M, D Sa V, Canha AD, Navarro ND, Dean DC, Delarosa J, Donald KA, Dvorak A, Edwards AD, Field D, Frail H, Freeman B, George T, Gholam J, Guerrero-Gonzalez J, Hajnal JV, Haque R, Hollander W, Hoodbhoy Z, Huentelman M, Jafri SK, Jones DK, Joubert F, Karaulanov T, Kasaro MP, Knackstedt S, Kolind S, Koshy B, Kravitz R, Lafayette SL, Lee AC, Lena B, Lepore N, Linguraru M, Ljungberg E, Lockart Z, Loth E, Mannam P, Masemola KM, Moran R, Murphy D, Nakwa FL, Nankabirwa V, Nelson CA, North K, Nyame S, O Halloran R, O'Muircheartaigh J, Oakley BF, Odendaal H, Ongeti CM, Onyango D, Oppong SA, Padormo F, Parvez D, Paus T, Pepper MS, Phiri KS, Poorman M, Ringshaw JE, Rogers J, Rutherford M, Sabir H, Sacolick L, Seal M, Sekoli ML, Shama T, Siddiqui K, Sindano N, Spelke MB, Springer PE, Suleman FE, Sundgren PC, Teixeira R, Terekegn W, Traughber M, Tuuli MG, Rensburg JV, Váša F, Velaphi S, Velasco P, Viljoen IM, Vokhiwa M, Webb A, Weiant C, Wiley N, Wintermark P, Yibetal K, Deoni S, Williams S. UNITY: A low-field magnetic resonance neuroimaging initiative to characterize neurodevelopment in low and middle-income settings. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101397. [PMID: 39029330 PMCID: PMC11315107 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Measures of physical growth, such as weight and height have long been the predominant outcomes for monitoring child health and evaluating interventional outcomes in public health studies, including those that may impact neurodevelopment. While physical growth generally reflects overall health and nutritional status, it lacks sensitivity and specificity to brain growth and developing cognitive skills and abilities. Psychometric tools, e.g., the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, may afford more direct assessment of cognitive development but they require language translation, cultural adaptation, and population norming. Further, they are not always reliable predictors of future outcomes when assessed within the first 12-18 months of a child's life. Neuroimaging may provide more objective, sensitive, and predictive measures of neurodevelopment but tools such as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are not readily available in many low and middle-income countries (LMICs). MRI systems that operate at lower magnetic fields (< 100mT) may offer increased accessibility, but their use for global health studies remains nascent. The UNITY project is envisaged as a global partnership to advance neuroimaging in global health studies. Here we describe the UNITY project, its goals, methods, operating procedures, and expected outcomes in characterizing neurodevelopment in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abate
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A Adu-Amankwah
- Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K A Ae-Ngibise
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - F Agbokey
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - V A Agyemang
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C T Agyemang
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C Akgun
- flywheel.io Minneapolis, MN, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Ametepe
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Center, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Kings College London, London, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K P Asante
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Balaji
- Dept. of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L Baljer
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - P J Basser
- National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Beauchemin
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Providence, RI, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C Bennallick
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Y Berhane
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Y Boateng-Mensah
- Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N J Bourke
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L Bradford
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and the Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mmk Bruchhage
- Dept. of Psychology, Stavanger University, Norway; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R Cano Lorente
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Providence, RI, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - P Cawley
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Kings College London, London, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Cercignani
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Center, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - V D Sa
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Providence, RI, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A de Canha
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N de Navarro
- Collective Minds Radiology, Sweden; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D C Dean
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Delarosa
- PATH, Seattle, WA, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K A Donald
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and the Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A Dvorak
- Dept. of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A D Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Kings College London, London, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D Field
- Collective Minds Radiology, Sweden; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - H Frail
- Hyperfine.io, Guilford, CT, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - B Freeman
- University of North Carolina, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chapel Hill, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T George
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Gholam
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Center, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Guerrero-Gonzalez
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J V Hajnal
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Kings College London, London, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R Haque
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (Icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - W Hollander
- CaliberMRI, Boulder CO USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Z Hoodbhoy
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Huentelman
- TGen, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S K Jafri
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D K Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Center, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - F Joubert
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T Karaulanov
- CaliberMRI, Boulder CO USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M P Kasaro
- University of North Carolina - Global Projects Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Knackstedt
- PATH, Seattle, WA, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Kolind
- Dept. of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - B Koshy
- Developmental Paediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R Kravitz
- International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, San Fransisco, CA, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Lecurieux Lafayette
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Kings College London, London, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A C Lee
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - B Lena
- Dept. of Radiology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N Lepore
- Dept. of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Linguraru
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E Ljungberg
- Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Z Lockart
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E Loth
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopemental Science, Institute of Psychatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - P Mannam
- Developmental Paediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K M Masemola
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kalafong Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R Moran
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopemental Science, Institute of Psychatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - F L Nakwa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - V Nankabirwa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University. Kampala, Uganda; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C A Nelson
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K North
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Nyame
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R O Halloran
- Hyperfine.io, Guilford, CT, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J O'Muircheartaigh
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Kings College London, London, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - B F Oakley
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopemental Science, Institute of Psychatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - H Odendaal
- Dept Obstet Gynaecol, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C M Ongeti
- Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D Onyango
- Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S A Oppong
- Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - F Padormo
- Hyperfine.io, Guilford, CT, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D Parvez
- Collective Minds Radiology, Sweden; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T Paus
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M S Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K S Phiri
- Training and Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Zomba Malawi; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Poorman
- Hyperfine.io, Guilford, CT, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J E Ringshaw
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and the Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Rogers
- Hyperfine.io, Guilford, CT, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Kings College London, London, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - H Sabir
- Experimental Neonatology, University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L Sacolick
- Hyperfine.io, Guilford, CT, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Seal
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, AUS; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M L Sekoli
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T Shama
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (Icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K Siddiqui
- Hyperfine.io, Guilford, CT, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N Sindano
- University of North Carolina - Global Projects Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M B Spelke
- University of North Carolina, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chapel Hill, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - P E Springer
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - F E Suleman
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kalafong Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - P C Sundgren
- Section of Diagnostic Radiology,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R Teixeira
- Hyperfine.io, Guilford, CT, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - W Terekegn
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Traughber
- Hyperfine.io, Guilford, CT, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M G Tuuli
- Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J van Rensburg
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - F Váša
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Velaphi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - P Velasco
- flywheel.io Minneapolis, MN, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - I M Viljoen
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Vokhiwa
- Training and Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Zomba Malawi; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A Webb
- Dept. of Radiology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C Weiant
- CaliberMRI, Boulder CO USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N Wiley
- Dept. of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - P Wintermark
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K Yibetal
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scl Deoni
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, MNCH D&T, Seattle, WA, USA; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scr Williams
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Waisman Research Center, Madison, WI, USA.
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Fan X, Zang T, Wu N, Liu J, Sun Y, Slack J, Bai J, Liu Y. The mediating effect of maternal gut microbiota between prenatal psychological distress and neurodevelopment of infants. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:893-902. [PMID: 39013520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal psychological distress and maternal inflammation can increase the risk of neurodevelopmental delay in offspring; recently, the gut microbiota has been shown to may be a potential mechanism behind this association and not fully elucidated in population study. METHODS Seventy-two maternal-infant pairs who completed the assessments of prenatal psychological distress during the third trimester and neurodevelopment of infants at age 6-8 months of age were included in this study. The gut microbiota and its short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of maternal-infant were determined by 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Inflammatory cytokines in the blood of pregnant women during the third trimester were detected by luminex liquid suspension microarrays. RESULTS This study found that infants in the prenatal psychological distress group had poorer fine motor skills (β = -4.396, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = -8.546, -0.246, p = 0.038), problem-solving skills (β = -5.198, 95 % CI = -10.358, -0.038, p = 0.048) and total development (β = -22.303, 95%CI = -41.453, -3.153, p = 0.022) compared to the control group. The study also indicated that the higher level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (β = -1.951, 95%CI = -3.321, -0.581, p = 0.005) and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) (β = -0.019, 95%CI = -0.034, -0.004, p = 0.015) during the third trimester, the poorer fine motor skills in infants. Also, the higher level of IL-10 (β = -0.498, 95%CI = -0.862, -0.133, p = 0.007), IL-12p70 (β = -0.113, 95%CI = -0.178, -0.048, p = 0.001), IL-17 A (β = -0.817, 95%CI = -1.517, -0.118, p = 0.022), interferon-γ (β = -0.863, 95%CI = -1.304, -0.422, p < 0.001), IP-10 (β = -0.020, 95%CI = -0.038, -0.001, p = 0.035), and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (β = -0.002, 95%CI = -0.003, -0.001, p = 0.005) during the third trimester, the poorer problem-solving skills in infants. After controlling for relevant covariates, this study found that maternal gut microbiota Roseburia mediates the relationship between prenatal psychological distress and total neurodevelopment of infants (a = 0.433, 95%CI = 0.079, 0.787, p = 0.017; b = -19.835, 95%CI = -33.877, -5.792, p = 0.006; c = 22.407, 95%CI = -43.207,-1.608, p = 0.035; indirect effect = -8.584, 95%CI = -21.227, -0.587). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to emphasize the role of the maternal-infant gut microbiota in prenatal psychological distress and infant neurodevelopment. Further studies are needed to explore the biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between prenatal psychological distress, maternal-infant gut microbiota, and infant neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Fan
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Tianzi Zang
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ni Wu
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Julia Slack
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
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5
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Menber Y, Gashaw S, Belachew T, Fentahun N. Validation of the minimum dietary diversity for women as a predictor of micronutrient adequacy among lactating women in Ethiopia. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1459041. [PMID: 39364155 PMCID: PMC11446886 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1459041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) indicator is used as a proxy indicator for assessing micronutrient adequacy among women of the reproductive age group. Variations were observed in studies, and there was also a lack of evidence regarding the performance of this proxy indicator in Ethiopia, a country with diverse dietary consumption practices. This study aimed to validate the performance of the MDD-W in predicting micronutrient intake adequacy among lactating women in Ethiopia. Methods and materials A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 457 lactating women in Northwest Ethiopia from February 2 to 18, 2023. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 457 study participants. A single multiphasic interactive 24-h dietary recall was used to collect dietary intake data. Ten food groups were used to compute the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women, and the Mean Adequacy Ratio was used to assess nutrient intake adequacy. Spearman's rank correlation test, Cohen's kappa statistics, and ROC curve analysis were conducted. The optimal cutoff points for Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women were determined by selecting the points that maximized the Youden index. Results MDD-W had poor positive correlation (ρ = 0.19, p < 0.001) and poor predictive ability (AUC = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.67) (p < 0.001) with the Mean Adequacy Ratio in determining micronutrient intake adequacy. The sensitivity and specificity of the MDD-W in the ≥5 food groups standard cutoff were 25.2 and 82.3%, respectively. The optimal cutoff point for MDD-W to predict micronutrient intake adequacy was ≥3 food groups. Conclusion Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women had a poor correlation and poor predictive ability in predicting micronutrient intake adequacy. The variations noted in studies and differences from the Food and Agriculture Organization recommendations regarding the cutoff and level of performance of MDD-W in defining micronutrient adequacy warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Menber
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Selamawit Gashaw
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Belachew
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Netsanet Fentahun
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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6
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Cendra-Duarte E, Canals J, Becerra-Tomás N, Jardí C, Martín-Luján F, Arija V. Maternal dietary patterns and offspring behavioral problems. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03462-3. [PMID: 39266631 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems often begin in early childhood and could predict psychiatric and behavioral outcomes. Prenatal factors such as maternal nutrition have an impact on neurodevelopment. This study aims to investigate the association between maternal dietary patterns and emotional and behavioral problems in 4-year-old children. METHODS Within a cohort of 205 mother-child pairs, three maternal dietary patterns were identified: 'Sweet and Superfluous', 'Fish and Vegetables' and 'Meat and Cereals'. Child behavior was evaluated by means of the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL 1.5-5), the Teacher's Report Form 1.5-5 (TRF 1.5-5), and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Preschool Version (BRIEF-P). Multivariable analysis determined associations between maternal dietary patterns and their children's behavior. RESULTS Maternal adherence to the 'Sweet and Superfluous' pattern was positively associated with externalizing and depressive problems in children. The 'Meat and Cereals' pattern was linked to a higher risk for attention, hyperactivity and depressive problems as somatic complaints. Conversely, the 'Fish and Vegetables' pattern was associated with a reduced risk of hyperactivity problems. All these associations were more pronounced in girls than in boys. CONCLUSIONS Maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with the emotional and behavioral development of children at 4 years of age. IMPACT Previous research on prenatal dietary patterns and children's behavior is inconclusive. In our study, children of mothers who had higher intakes of sugar and processed foods during pregnancy were more likely to have emotional and behavioral problems at age 4, especially girls. A high-quality diet characterized by fish and vegetable consumption during pregnancy was associated with reduced anxiety and hyperactivity problems in girls. Our findings highlight the importance of prenatal nutrition for child neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Cendra-Duarte
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Reus, Spain
- Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Collaborative Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition, and Tobacco (CENIT), Institut d´Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol, Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology, Centre de Recerca en Avaluació i Mesura de la Conducta (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jardí
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín-Luján
- Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Collaborative Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition, and Tobacco (CENIT), Institut d´Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Reus, Spain.
- Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Collaborative Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition, and Tobacco (CENIT), Institut d´Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol, Reus, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.
- Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Ramirez Y, Castillo Y, Acea S, Pagani LS. Auditory Risk Factors at Birth and Language Development at 2 Years of Age: A Longitudinal Analysis. Glob Pediatr Health 2024; 11:2333794X241273201. [PMID: 39257634 PMCID: PMC11384531 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x241273201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim. To analyze the relationship between auditory risk factors at birth and subsequent language development in toddlerhood. Methods. Participants are 136 children from a longitudinal birth cohort follow-up at age 2 years. They were divided into 2 groups: One comprising 105 children without hearing risk factors at birth and another comprising 31 children with auditory risk factors at birth but normal hearing. Results. In children with and without risk factors, the combination of socio-emotional, socio-economic, and auditory risk factors at birth significantly predicted language development at age 2 years. Family socio-economic status had a significant impact on overall child development, even after controlling for socio-emotional development and the presence of risk factors. Conclusions. The study was conducted in an upper-middle income country with a socialized health care system. It underscores the importance of a holistic approach to early childhood language development, taking into account biological, socioeconomic, and emotional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Ramirez
- Centro Universitario Municipal Rodas. Universidad de Cienfuegos, Cienfuegos, Cuba
| | | | - Shuyeng Acea
- Centro Auditivo Provincial de Cienfuegos, Cienfuegos, Cuba
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8
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Semenova Y, Bjørklund G. Antioxidants and neurodegenerative eye disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:9672-9690. [PMID: 37312562 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2215865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative ocular disorders mostly develop with aging and present great complications in the quality of life. Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) rank as the third and fourth leading causes of blindness and low vision. Oxidative stress is one factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative eye disease. In addition, ocular ischemia and neuroinflammation play an important role. It can be hypothesized that the influence of antioxidants through diet or oral supplementation can counteract the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species accumulated secondary to oxidative stress, ischemia, and inflammation. A range of studies has been published over the past decades focusing on the possible adjuvant effect of antioxidants in ARMD, while there were fewer reports on the potential role of antioxidants in glaucoma. Although certain reports demonstrated positive results, others were discouraging. As there is a controversy between the studies favoring and disfavoring supplementation with different types of antioxidants, it is important to revise the existing evidence on the role of antioxidants in neurodegenerative ocular disorders with a special focus on glaucoma and ARMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Semenova
- Department of Surgery, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
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9
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Jana A, Singh A, Adar SD, D'Souza J, Chattopadhyay A. In-utero exposure to multiple air pollutants and childhood undernutrition in India. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:895-906. [PMID: 37563211 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have been conducted to understand the impact of socioeconomic and maternal factors on child undernutrition. However, the past literature has not directly examined the joint impacts of fuel use and ambient pollution and have primarily focused on PM2.5. OBJECTIVE This study explored the individual and community-level associations of both indoor (cooking fuel type) and ambient air pollution (PM2.5, NO2 and SO2) during maternal gestation on child undernutrition. METHODS This study analysed stunting, being underweight, and anaemia of children aged 0-59 months (n = 259,627) using the National Family Health Survey. In-utero exposures to ambient PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 were measured using satellite data and self-reported fuel type was a marker of indoor pollution exposure. The study used univariate and bivariate Moran's I, spatial lag model and multivariable logistic regression models after adjusting for other covariates to understand the effect of pollution on in-utero exposure and child health status at the individual and community-levels. RESULTS Higher concentration of indoor and ambient air pollution was found in the Northern and parts of Central regions of India. Estimates of spatial modelling show that each 1 μg/m-3 increase in maternal exposure to ambient PM2.5 across the clusters of India was associated with a 0.11, 9 and 19 percentage points increase in the prevalence of stunting, underweight and anaemia, respectively. The results of multi-pollutant model show that a higher ambient PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy was linked to higher odds of stunting (AOR:1.38; 95% CI:1.32-1.44), underweight (AOR:1.59; 95% CI:1.51-1.67) and anaemia (AOR:1.61; 95% CI:1.52-1.69) in children. Weaker but similar associations were observed for NO2, but not with SO2. Indoor pollution exposure during in-utero periods was also significantly associated with childhood undernutrition and this association was modified by ambient PM2.5 levels, where exposure to both indoor and ambient air pollution had even greater odds of being undernourished. IMPACT STATEMENT Our research on multi-pollutant models has revealed the initial proof of the individual impacts of indoor and outdoor pollution (PM2.5, NO2, and SO2) exposure during fetal development on children's nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Jana
- Department of Population & Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Akancha Singh
- Department of Population & Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer D'Souza
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Aparajita Chattopadhyay
- Department of Population & Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India.
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10
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Abey NO, Ebuehi OAT, Imaga NA. Effect of perinatal dietary protein deficiency on some neurochemicals and cytoarchitectural balance, in F1 and F2 generations of rats. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:962-977. [PMID: 37995096 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2285085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein deficiency, characterized by an inadequate intake of protein in the diet that fails to meet the body's physiological requirements across various stages, can lead to detrimental outcomes. This is of interest due to the persistent low protein content in staple foods and suboptimal dietary patterns. The study sought to assess the intergenerational repercussions of dietary protein deficiency on specific neurochemicals and the cytoarchitecture of the brain within the F1 and F2 generations of rats. The rats were categorized into four groups based on the protein content percentage in their diets: 21% protein diet (21%PD), 10% protein diet (10%PD), 5% protein diet (5%PD), and control diet. Neurobehavior was assessed, while brain serotonin and dopamine levels were measured using HPLC. BDNF and GDNF expression in the hippocampal and prefrontal (PFC) sections, Immunohistochemical investigations of the morphological impact on the hippocampus and PFC, were also analyzed. The protein-deficient groups displayed anxiety, loss of striatal serotonin and increased dopamine levels, degenerated pyramidal cells in the hippocampus, and a prominent reduction in cellular density in the PFC. BDNF and GDNF levels in the PFC were reduced in the 5%PD group. GFAP astrocyte expression was observed to be increased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampal sections, indicating heightened reactivity. The density of hypertrophied cells across generations further suggests the presence of neuroinflammation. Changes in brain structure, neurotransmitter levels, and neurotrophic factor levels may indicate intergenerational alterations in critical regions, potentially serving as indicators of the brain's adaptive response to address protein deficiency across successive generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosarieme Omoregie Abey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Osaretin Albert Taiwo Ebuehi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi Awa Imaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
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11
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Helle C, Hillesund ER, Øverby NC. Exploring Public Health Nurses' Thoughts, Needs and Expectations for the Development and Usability of an Online Parenting Resource on Early Nutrition Delivered through Primary Care: A Qualitative Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2861. [PMID: 39275177 PMCID: PMC11397169 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Public health nurses (PHNs) constitute an important source of nutritional knowledge for parents during the child's first 1000 days of life, but parents also seek advice from various online sources. Access to timely digital interventions may facilitate healthful eating habits later in life. In the Nutrition Now project, we wanted to combine previously evaluated digital interventions on early nutrition and implement the integrated intervention at municipality level. We prospectively explored PHNs' thoughts, needs and expectations regarding the development and usability of such a digital resource. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six PHNs, and data was subjected to thematic analysis. Four main themes were identified: (1) an online resource on nutrition may be a useful tool; (2) the content should attract interest and be broad in scope; (3) it must be easy to apply and adapted to different users; and (4) participating in a development process should seem meaningful. Our findings highlight the need for easily accessible, quality-assured online information to underpin the guidance provided by PHNs. The study further sheds light on prerequisites considered by PHNs to be crucial for parents to engage in a digital resource, as well as their perspectives on how it best may be communicated and used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Helle
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Elisabet Rudjord Hillesund
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Nina Cecilie Øverby
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
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12
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Du Z, Li Z, Guang C, Zhu Y, Mu W. Recent advances of 3-fucosyllactose in health effects and production. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:378. [PMID: 39143417 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been recognized as gold standard for infant development. 3-Fucosyllactose (3-FL), being one of the Generally Recognized as Safe HMOs, represents a core trisaccharide within the realm of HMOs; however, it has received comparatively less attention in contrast to extensively studied 2'-fucosyllactose. The objective of this review is to comprehensively summarize the health effects of 3-FL, including its impact on gut microbiota proliferation, antimicrobial effects, immune regulation, antiviral protection, and brain maturation. Additionally, the discussion also covers the commercial application and regulatory approval status of 3-FL. Lastly, an organized presentation of large-scale production methods for 3-FL aims to provide a comprehensive guide that highlights current strategies and challenges in optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Choonhawarakorn K, Kasemkhun P, Leelataweewud P. Effectiveness of a message service on child oral health practice via a social media application: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024. [PMID: 39104027 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early establishment of healthy oral health behaviours is important to reduce early childhood caries risk. Two-way social media applications can economically assist caregivers. AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of a LINE™ messaging service (MS) on promoting good oral health behaviors in Thai children. DESIGN One hundred and ninety caregiver-child dyads (children aged 6-36 months) who attended a university dental hospital and two other hospitals were randomly assigned to receive age-appropriate dental health education via MS or through traditional on-site visits. Infographic posters, video clips, and supportive messages were delivered weekly to the MS group. Parental oral health knowledge and children's oral health status and practice were assessed at baseline and 6-month follow-up. RESULTS The MS group showed significantly better scores in feeding habits (p = .034) and toothbrushing practice (p = .007). Parental knowledge increased in both groups; however, knowledge increased significantly in the control group (p = .001). Both groups exhibited improvements in the debris score but not in caries progression. The caregivers rated both methods as high to the highest satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The MS yielded comparable outcomes to traditional dental visits in promoting oral health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Choonhawarakorn
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Kasemkhun
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Leelataweewud
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Akagi T, Saijo Y, Yoshioka E, Sato Y, Nakanishi K, Kato Y, Nagaya K, Takahashi S, Ito Y, Iwata H, Yamaguchi T, Miyashita C, Ito S, Kishi R, Kamijima M, Yamazaki S, Ohya Y, Kishi R, Yaegashi N, Hashimoto K, Mori C, Ito S, Yamagata Z, Inadera H, Nakayama T, Sobue T, Shima M, Kageyama S, Suganuma N, Ohga S, Katoh T. Association between maternal multimorbidity and neurodevelopment of offspring: a prospective birth cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082585. [PMID: 39097305 PMCID: PMC11345530 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between multimorbidity during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental delay in offspring using data from a Japanese nationwide birth cohort study. DESIGN This study was a prospective birth cohort study. SETTING This study population included 104 059 fetal records who participated in The Japan Environment and Children's Study from 2011 to 2014. PARTICIPANTS Pregnant women whose children had undergone developmental testing were included in this analysis. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Neurodevelopment of offspring was assessed using the Japanese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition, comprising five developmental domains. The number of comorbidities among the pregnant women was categorised as zero, single disease or multimorbidity (two or more diseases). Maternal chronic conditions included in multimorbidity were defined as conditions with high prevalence among women of reproductive age. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between multimorbidity in pregnant women and offspring development. RESULTS Pregnant women with multimorbidity, single disease and no disease accounted for 3.6%, 30.6% and 65.8%, respectively. The ORs for neurodevelopmental impairment during the follow-up period were similar for infants of mothers with no disease comorbidity and those with a single disease comorbidity. However, the ORs for neurodevelopmental impairment were significantly higher for children born to mothers with multimorbidity compared with those born to healthy mothers. CONCLUSION An association was observed between the number of comorbidities in pregnant women and developmental delay in offspring. Multimorbidity in pregnant women may be associated with neurodevelopmental delay in their offspring. Further research is required in this regard in many other regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Akagi
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Saijo
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Eiji Yoshioka
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sato
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakanishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Ken Nagaya
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Iwata
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamaguchi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - The Japan Environment and Children's Study group
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koichi Hashimoto
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidekuni Inadera
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiji Kageyama
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ohga
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Katoh
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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Castro K, Frye RE, Silva E, Vasconcelos C, Hoffmann L, Riesgo R, Vaz J. Feeding-Related Early Signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2024; 14:823. [PMID: 39202014 PMCID: PMC11355084 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14080823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Feeding difficulties are prevalent among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nevertheless, the knowledge about the association between feeding-related early signs and child development remains limited. This review aimed to describe the signs and symptoms related to feeding during child development and to explore their relevance to the diagnosis of ASD. Specialists in nutrition and/or ASD conducted a search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. Although studies in typically developing children demonstrate age-related variations in hunger and satiety cues, the literature about early feeding indicators in ASD is scarce. Challenges such as shortened breastfeeding duration, difficulties in introducing solid foods, and atypical mealtime behaviors are frequently observed in children with ASD. The eating difficulties experienced during childhood raise concerns for caregivers who base their feeding practices on their perceptions of food acceptance or refusal. Considering the observed associations between feeding difficulties and ASD, the importance of recognizing feeding-related signs according to developmental milestones is emphasized to alert medical professionals that deviation in the formation of feeding habits and skills could indicate the need for ASD diagnostic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Castro
- Serviço de Neuropediatria do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil; (E.S.); (L.H.); (J.V.)
| | - Richard E Frye
- Autism Discovery and Treatment Foundation and Rossignol Medical Center, 4045 E Union Hills Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85050, USA;
| | - Eduarda Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil; (E.S.); (L.H.); (J.V.)
| | - Cristiane Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil;
| | - Laura Hoffmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil; (E.S.); (L.H.); (J.V.)
| | - Rudimar Riesgo
- Serviço de Neuropediatria do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil;
| | - Juliana Vaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil; (E.S.); (L.H.); (J.V.)
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
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16
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Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou M, Zournatzidou G, Orovou E, Lithoxopoulou M, Drogouti E, Sklavos G, Antoniou E, Tsakalidis C. Evaluating Malnutrition Practices and Mother's Education on Children Failure to Thrive Symptoms Using Entropy-Weight and TOPSIS Method. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:903. [PMID: 39201838 PMCID: PMC11353107 DOI: 10.3390/children11080903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Failure to thrive (FTT) is mostly caused by insufficient consumption of nutrient-rich food, recurrent infections like diarrhea and intestinal worms, substandard caregiving practices, and limited availability of health and other vital services. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the educational level of mothers and the occurrence of FTT in children aged 6-12 months. Thus, the objective of the current research is twofold: (i) to investigate other factors related to FTT and (ii) to evaluate the impact of them on FTT in Sub-Saharan African countries and their urban areas. METHODS We used weight entropy and TOPSIS methods to approach the research question. In particular, the entropy-weight method is effective for precisely evaluating the relative significance of the selected criteria for TOPSIS computation. Thus, data were retrieved from the database of UNICEF for the year 2019 for nine Sub-Saharan countries, and based on the methods used, five criteria have been selected for consideration. Those of mothers in higher education were identified as having a higher weight, which means that this can affect positively the ability of mothers to mitigate the situation of FTT and protect their children. RESULTS The findings of the study highlight the factors of maternal education at a higher level and unhealthy habits as those with the greatest weight and impact on the FTT. Moreover, the results indicate that the association between maternal education, and especially higher education, and FTT is stronger in Ethiopia. Despite the limited amount of research on the specified relationship in Sub-Saharan countries, this study is among the initial ones to examine it. CONCLUSIONS The current study can aid policymakers in devising appropriate policies and implementing effective measures to tackle FTT in Sub-Saharan Africa, like enhancing the number of mothers in these countries to be integrated into the educational system to help both themselves and their children mitigate or avoid the symptoms of FTT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia Zournatzidou
- Department of Business Administration, University of Western Macedonia, 51100 Grevena, Greece;
| | - Eirini Orovou
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece;
| | - Maria Lithoxopoulou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 2nd Neonatal Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (E.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Eftychia Drogouti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 2nd Neonatal Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (E.D.); (C.T.)
| | - George Sklavos
- Department of Business Administration, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Antoniou
- Department of Midwifery, School of Health & Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Tsakalidis
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 2nd Neonatal Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (E.D.); (C.T.)
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17
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Waldrop S, Chowdhury D, Westcott JE, Biasini F, Garcés A, Figueroa L, Tshefu A, Lokangaka A, Bauserman M, Saleem S, Ali SA, Goldenberg RL, Goudar SS, Dhaded SM, Derman RJ, Kemp JF, Koso-Thomas M, Das A, Hambidge M, Krebs NF. Anthropometric and sociodemographic variables, but not preconception or prenatal maternal nutrition supplementation, predict neurodevelopment in offspring of the 'Women First' trial. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024:e13703. [PMID: 39044360 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Multiple factors influence infant and child neurodevelopment in low resource settings. In offspring of participants in the preconception maternal nutrition trial, Women First (WF), we examined the impact of providing a preconception (Arm 1) or prenatal (Arm 2) nutrient supplement (compared to controls, Arm 3) on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months; predictors of neurodevelopment scores; and associations of infant anthropometrics with neurodevelopmental scores. Follow-up visits for anthropometry were conducted at 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month of age. At 24-months, in a randomized subset, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd edition (BSID-III), including cognitive, motor and social-emotional subscales, and the Family Care Indicators (FCI) questionnaire, assessing family and home environment, were completed. Multiple covariates (intervention arm, site, maternal sociodemographic characteristics, FCI subscales, birthweight and 6-24 months' change in anthropometry z-scores, (e.g., ΔLAZ6-2 4) were evaluated by linear regression to predict BSID-III outcomes and to assess associations of anthropometric changes with BSID-III scores. The analysis consisted of 1386 infants (n = 441, 486, 459 for Arms 1, 2 and 3, respectively). None of the domain-specific BSID-III subscale scores differed by maternal intervention arm. Four covariates significantly predicted (p ≤ 0.01) all 3 BSID-III subscales: secondary maternal education, ΔLAZ6 - 24, birthweight >2500 g, and FCI play materials. Linear growth was associated with all domains of neurodevelopment. The results underscore the multi-dimensional aspects of child development represented by the nurturing care framework, including prenatal maternal nutrition, post-natal growth, maternal education for responsive caregiving and opportunities for early learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Waldrop
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Jamie E Westcott
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Fred Biasini
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ana Garcés
- Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Lester Figueroa
- Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Antoinette Tshefu
- Kinshasa School of Public Health (KSPH), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
| | - Adrien Lokangaka
- Kinshasa School of Public Health (KSPH), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
| | - Melissa Bauserman
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah Saleem
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sumera A Ali
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Robert L Goldenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York State, USA
| | - Shivaprasad S Goudar
- KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed-to-be-University), Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Belagavi, India
| | - Sangappa M Dhaded
- KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed-to-be-University), Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Belagavi, India
| | - Richard J Derman
- Office of Global Affairs, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer F Kemp
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marion Koso-Thomas
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Abhik Das
- RTI International, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Hambidge
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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18
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Varela EG, Shelnutt KP, Miller DM, Zeldman J, Mobley AR. Policy, Systems, and Environmental Strategies to Support Healthy Eating Behaviors in Early Childhood: A Scoping Review of Existing Evaluation Tools. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024:S2212-2672(24)00720-2. [PMID: 39033923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.07.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change strategies aimed at supporting healthy eating behaviors work to enhance optimal nutrition by making healthy foods more available and accessible in the community. PSE change strategies can complement and strengthen knowledge, skills, and behaviors obtained through individual-level nutrition education. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to identify existing literature evaluating early childhood (ie, children younger than age 5 years) PSE change strategies supporting healthy eating behaviors and to describe the evaluation tools used to assess the identified PSE change strategies. METHODS Three databases (PubMed, Cumulated Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science) were used to systematically search for articles published between 2013 and 2023 written in English and conducted in the United States that evaluated PSE change strategies supporting healthy eating behaviors in young children (ie, children younger than age 5 years). Two study members conducted the review, discussing and reconciling discrepancies until a consensus was reached for interobserver reliability. RESULTS Findings from this review identified 48 studies evaluating early childhood PSE change strategies supporting healthy eating behaviors, with 36 studies using 25 PSE-focused evaluation tools to evaluate these strategies. Most tools (80%) assessed PSE change strategies supporting access and availability of healthy food and beverage options in early childhood education settings. Studies did not evaluate child-level outcomes (ie, attitudes, preferences, and behaviors) to showcase improvement of early childhood nutrition. Only 60% of the tools reported evidence of validity or reliability. CONCLUSIONS Most of the studies identified in this scoping review were aimed to evaluate healthy eating PSE change strategies focused on improving access to and availability of healthy foods and beverages in early childhood education settings. Future research is needed to develop and validate PSE-focused evaluation tools assessing child-level healthy eating practices and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elder Garcia Varela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Karla P Shelnutt
- Department of Family, Youth & Community Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - David M Miller
- Collaborative Assessment and Program Evaluation Services, School of Human Development and Organizational Studies in Education, College of Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jamie Zeldman
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amy R Mobley
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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19
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Russo C, Valle MS, D’Angeli F, Surdo S, Giunta S, Barbera AC, Malaguarnera L. Beneficial Effects of Manilkara zapota-Derived Bioactive Compounds in the Epigenetic Program of Neurodevelopment. Nutrients 2024; 16:2225. [PMID: 39064669 PMCID: PMC11280255 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diet has a long-dated effect not only on the disease risk in offspring but also on the occurrence of future neurological diseases. During ontogeny, changes in the epigenetic state that shape morphological and functional differentiation of several brain areas can affect embryonic fetal development. Many epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs control brain gene expression, both in the course of neurodevelopment and in adult brain cognitive functions. Epigenetic alterations have been linked to neuro-evolutionary disorders with intellectual disability, plasticity, and memory and synaptic learning disorders. Epigenetic processes act specifically, affecting different regions based on the accessibility of chromatin and cell-specific states, facilitating the establishment of lost balance. Recent insights have underscored the interplay between epigenetic enzymes active during embryonic development and the presence of bioactive compounds, such as vitamins and polyphenols. The fruit of Manilkara zapota contains a rich array of these bioactive compounds, which are renowned for their beneficial properties for health. In this review, we delve into the action of each bioactive micronutrient found in Manilkara zapota, elucidating their roles in those epigenetic mechanisms crucial for neuronal development and programming. Through a comprehensive understanding of these interactions, we aim to shed light on potential avenues for harnessing dietary interventions to promote optimal neurodevelopment and mitigate the risk of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Russo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Maria Stella Valle
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Floriana D’Angeli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sofia Surdo
- Italian Center for the Study of Osteopathy (CSDOI), 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Giunta
- Section of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonio Carlo Barbera
- Section of Agronomy and Field Crops, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.R.); (L.M.)
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20
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Cendra-Duarte E, Canals J, Iglesias-Vázquez L, Jardí C, Martín-Luján F, Arija V. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and behavioural problems at 4 years of age. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024:e13700. [PMID: 38990125 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
There is an increasing prevalence of psychological issues in childhood. Lifestyle factors during pregnancy, including maternal nutrition, have been linked to children's behavioural development. This study aims to assess the impact of adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy on the behavioural problems of children at the age of 4. A total of 231 mother-child pairs were assessed. Maternal adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy was estimated using a relative Mediterranean Diet Score (rMED). Behavioural outcomes were evaluated through the Child Behaviour Checklist 1½--5, Teacher's Report Form 1½-5, and Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version questionnaires. The results indicated that a higher rMED score during pregnancy was associated with a reduced probability of obtaining a clinical score for total problems (OR = 0.42; 95% IC from 0.21 to 0.85), including externalising (OR = 0.29; 95% IC from 0.14 to 0.62), attention problems (OR = 0.32; 95%IC from 0.15 to 0.70), attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems (OR = 0.36; 95% IC from 0.15 to 0.87), oppositional defiant problems (OR = 0.06; 95% IC from 0.06 to 0.75), and depressive problems (OR = 0.38; 95% IC from 0.15 to 0.96). This study highlights the importance of maternal diet, especially Mediterranean diet, during gestation for proper child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Cendra-Duarte
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Reus, Spain
- Collaborative Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition, and Tobacco (CENIT), Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol. Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology, Centre de Recerca en Avaluació i Mesura de la Conducta (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lucía Iglesias-Vázquez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jardí
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín-Luján
- Collaborative Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition, and Tobacco (CENIT), Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol. Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol. Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Reus, Spain
- Collaborative Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition, and Tobacco (CENIT), Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol. Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi Gol. Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Hirvonen K, Wolle A, Laillou A, Vinci V, Chitekwe S, Baye K. Understanding delays in the introduction of complementary foods in rural Ethiopia. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024; 20 Suppl 5:e13247. [PMID: 34523796 PMCID: PMC11258766 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Age-appropriate breastfeeding and introduction to complementary foods can shape child feeding practices, ensure adequate energy and nutrient intake and prevent linear growth faltering. This study aimed to assess mothers' and health workers' knowledge of timely introduction to complementary foods and evaluate the relationship between delays in complementary feeding and subsequent linear growth. We conducted two rounds of surveys (March/August 2017) among 249 health workers (n = 249) and caregivers (n = 2635) of children 6-23 months of age. We collected information about socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and practice related to timely introduction to complementary foods. The study was conducted in households from the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) districts, in four highland regions of Ethiopia. Delays in the introduction to complementary feeding were widespread with 53% of children 6-8 months of age not consuming solid, semisolid or soft foods in the past 24 h. After controlling for child, caregiver and household characteristics, children not introduced to complementary foods by 6-8 months had a 0.48 SD lower length-for-age z-score at 12-15 months. Caregivers' knowledge was strongly and inversely correlated with untimely introduction of complementary foods in logistic regressions (OR = 0.55, p < 0.01). In turn, local health extension worker's knowledge was strongly correlated with caregiver's knowledge. Consequently, frequent and timely visits by health extension workers emphasising not only on what to feed but also when and how to feed a child are needed. Innovative ways of increasing reach, intensity and frequency of nutrition messaging by using the PSNP interactions as an additional point of contact would need to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Hirvonen
- Development Strategy and Governance DivisionInternational Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)Addis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Abdulazize Wolle
- Development Strategy and Governance DivisionInternational Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)Addis AbabaEthiopia
- Economics DepartmentState University of New York at AlbanyAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | | | - Kaleab Baye
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition. College of Natural SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
- Research Center for Inclusive Development in Africa (RIDA)Addis AbabaEthiopia
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22
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Nyarko MJ, Ten Ham-Baloyi W, van Rooyen DRM. Qualitative Exploration of Health Professionals' Perceptions of Addressing Malnutrition Within the First 1,000 Days. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 56:442-451. [PMID: 38639691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Explore health professionals' perceptions toward how to address malnutrition within the first 1,000 days of life in underresourced communities. DESIGN A qualitative explorative-descriptive study using 8 face-to-face focus group discussions. SETTING Health facilities serving underresourced communities within Nelson Mandela Bay, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-six health professionals (n = 13 doctors, n = 28 nurses, n = 6 dietitians, and n = 9 social workers) aged between 20 and 60 years, with 1-16 years (5 years average) of working experience. The majority (n = 53; 94.6%) were women. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Health professionals' perceptions of effective methods or strategies to address malnutrition are referred to as undernutrition. ANALYSIS Content analysis. RESULTS Health professionals perceived socioeconomic conditions; caregiver lack of nutrition knowledge; and behavioral, cultural, and generational infant feeding practices as contributing factors to malnutrition. Participants recommended efforts to strengthen the availability, accessibility, and utilization of contraception, especially for teenagers, increase support to caretakers of children from families, health facilities, and communities, and a multisector and multidisciplinary approach to improve social determinants of health in underresourced communities. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS To address malnutrition within the first 1,000 days of life, data supports that health professionals in underresourced communities require a multisector, multidisciplinary approach. This approach entails educational interventions, peer mentoring and community empowerment through support to and involvement of caregivers of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Joyce Nyarko
- Department of Nursing Science, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Wilma Ten Ham-Baloyi
- Department of Nursing Science, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa.
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23
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Yermakovich D, André M, Brucato N, Kariwiga J, Leavesley M, Pankratov V, Mondal M, Ricaut FX, Dannemann M. Denisovan admixture facilitated environmental adaptation in Papua New Guinean populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405889121. [PMID: 38889149 PMCID: PMC11214076 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405889121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Neandertals and Denisovans, having inhabited distinct regions in Eurasia and possibly Oceania for over 200,000 y, experienced ample time to adapt to diverse environmental challenges these regions presented. Among present-day human populations, Papua New Guineans (PNG) stand out as one of the few carrying substantial amounts of both Neandertal and Denisovan DNA, a result of past admixture events with these archaic human groups. This study investigates the distribution of introgressed Denisovan and Neandertal DNA within two distinct PNG populations, residing in the highlands of Mt Wilhelm and the lowlands of Daru Island. These locations exhibit unique environmental features, some of which may parallel the challenges that archaic humans once confronted and adapted to. Our results show that PNG highlanders carry higher levels of Denisovan DNA compared to PNG lowlanders. Among the Denisovan-like haplotypes with higher frequencies in highlander populations, those exhibiting the greatest frequency difference compared to lowlander populations also demonstrate more pronounced differences in population frequencies than frequency-matched nonarchaic variants. Two of the five most highly differentiated of those haplotypes reside in genomic areas linked to brain development genes. Conversely, Denisovan-like haplotypes more frequent in lowlanders overlap with genes associated with immune response processes. Our findings suggest that Denisovan DNA has provided genetic variation associated with brain biology and immune response to PNG genomes, some of which might have facilitated adaptive processes to environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danat Yermakovich
- Center of Genomics, Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu51010, Estonia
| | - Mathilde André
- Center of Genomics, Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu51010, Estonia
| | - Nicolas Brucato
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique, Université Toulouse 3–Paul Sabatier, cedex 9, Toulouse31062, France
| | - Jason Kariwiga
- Strand of Anthropology, Sociology and Archaeology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, PO Box 320, University 134, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Matthew Leavesley
- Strand of Anthropology, Sociology and Archaeology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, PO Box 320, University 134, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage & College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD4870, Australia
| | - Vasili Pankratov
- Center of Genomics, Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu51010, Estonia
| | - Mayukh Mondal
- Center of Genomics, Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu51010, Estonia
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel24118, Germany
| | - François-Xavier Ricaut
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique, Université Toulouse 3–Paul Sabatier, cedex 9, Toulouse31062, France
| | - Michael Dannemann
- Center of Genomics, Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu51010, Estonia
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24
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Zhang S, Yang J, Ji D, Meng X, Zhu C, Zheng G, Glessner J, Qu HQ, Cui Y, Liu Y, Wang W, Li X, Zhang H, Xiu Z, Sun Y, Sun L, Li J, Hakonarson H, Li J, Xia Q. NASP gene contributes to autism by epigenetic dysregulation of neural and immune pathways. J Med Genet 2024; 61:677-688. [PMID: 38443156 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics makes substantial contribution to the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and may harbour a unique opportunity to prevent the development of ASD. We aimed to identify novel epigenetic genes involved in ASD aetiology. METHODS Trio-based whole exome sequencing was conducted on ASD families. Genome editing technique was used to knock out the candidate causal gene in a relevant cell line. ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq and RNA-seq were performed to investigate the functional impact of knockout (KO) or mutation in the candidate gene. RESULTS We identified a novel candidate gene NASP (nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein) for epigenetic dysregulation in ASD in a Chinese nuclear family including one proband with autism and comorbid atopic disease. The de novo likely gene disruptive variant tNASP(Q289X) subjects the expression of tNASP to nonsense-mediated decay. tNASP KO increases chromatin accessibility, promotes the active promoter state of genes enriched in synaptic signalling and leads to upregulated expression of genes in the neural signalling and immune signalling pathways. Compared with wild-type tNASP, tNASP(Q289X) enhances chromatin accessibility of the genes with enriched expression in the brain. RNA-seq revealed that genes involved in neural and immune signalling are affected by the tNASP mutation, consistent with the phenotypic impact and molecular effects of nasp-1 mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans. Two additional patients with ASD were found carrying deletion or deleterious mutation in the NASP gene. CONCLUSION We identified novel epigenetic mechanisms mediated by tNASP which may contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD and its immune comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipeng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dandan Ji
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Meng
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chonggui Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin (NSCC-TJ), Tianjin, China
| | - Joseph Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuechen Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yichuan Liu
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- The Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Li
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanjie Xiu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianghua Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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25
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Shekhawat DS, Singh K, Singh P, Vyas V, Varthya SB, Sharma P. Prenatal vitamin D levels and infant cognitive, motor, language and social-emotional development at 6 and 9 months of age. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38896552 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2366649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM Vitamin D is involved in several processes related to the development of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. There is a possible link between maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and delayed neurocognitive development in the offspring. The aim of the study was to explore the association of maternal and cord blood vitamin D levels with infants' neurodevelopment at 6 and 9 months of age. METHODOLOGY A cohort study was conducted in western Rajasthan, India. Maternal and cord blood samples were collected at the time of delivery. Serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels were measured in both. Infant neurodevelopment was assessed at 6 and 9 months of age in six domains namely cognitive, receptive language, expressive language, fine motor, gross motor and social-emotional using the Bayley Scale of Infant Development- III (BSID-III). RESULTS A total of 175 mother-child pairs were enrolled. Among the mothers taking part in this study, 7.3% had deficient and 59.09% had insufficient levels of serum 25(OH) vitamin D during the third trimester of their pregnancy. Maternal and cord blood serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were 18.86 ± 8.53 ng/mL and 17.39 ± 8.87 ng/mL, respectively, and there was a significant correlation (r = 0.9778, p = 0.000) between levels of vitamin D. Based on the repeated measures ANOVA, post hoc Tukey's HSD test, maternal vitamin D levels had a significant relationship (p = 0.047) to the cognitive development of infants at 6 months of age. Furthermore, cord serum vitamin D levels showed a significant association (p = 0.023 and p = 0.010) with the social-emotional development of the infant at the age of 6 and 9 months. CONCLUSION Maternal and cord serum 25-OH vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with the cognitive and social-emotional development of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Varuna Vyas
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Shoban Babu Varthya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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26
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Lähdepuro A, Räikkönen K, Pham H, Thompson-Felix T, Eid RS, O'Connor TG, Glover V, Lahti J, Heinonen K, Wolford E, Lahti-Pulkkinen M, O'Donnell KJ. Maternal social support during and after pregnancy and child cognitive ability: examining timing effects in two cohorts. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1661-1670. [PMID: 38087866 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal anxiety, depression, and stress during and after pregnancy are negatively associated with child cognitive development. However, the contribution of positive maternal experiences, such as social support, to child cognitive development has received less attention. Furthermore, how maternal experience of social support during specific developmental periods impacts child cognitive development is largely unknown. METHODS Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; n = 5784) and the Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction study (PREDO; n = 420), we investigated the associations between maternal perceived social support during and after pregnancy and child's general cognitive ability at 8 years of age, assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). Bayesian relevant life course modeling was used to investigate timing effects of maternal social support on child cognitive ability. RESULTS In both cohorts, higher maternal perceived social support during pregnancy was associated with higher performance on the WISC, independent of sociodemographic factors and concurrent maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety. In ALSPAC, pregnancy emerged as a sensitive period for the effects of perceived social support on child cognitive ability, with a stronger effect of social support during pregnancy than after pregnancy on child cognitive ability. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, supported from two prospective longitudinal cohorts, suggest a distinct role of maternal perceived social support during pregnancy for cognitive development in children. Our study suggests that interventions aimed at increasing maternal social support during pregnancy may be an important strategy for promoting maternal and child well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lähdepuro
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hung Pham
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Rand S Eid
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Wynne Center for Family Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Psychology/Welfare Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
| | - Elina Wolford
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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27
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Li Q, Xia M, Zeng D, Xu Y, Sun L, Liang X, Xu Z, Zhao T, Liao X, Yuan H, Liu Y, Huo R, Li S, He Y. Development of segregation and integration of functional connectomes during the first 1,000 days. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114168. [PMID: 38700981 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The first 1,000 days of human life lay the foundation for brain development and later cognitive growth. However, the developmental rules of the functional connectome during this critical period remain unclear. Using high-resolution, longitudinal, task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 930 scans of 665 infants aged 28 postmenstrual weeks to 3 years, we report the early maturational process of connectome segregation and integration. We show the dominant development of local connections alongside a few global connections, the shift of brain hubs from primary regions to high-order association cortices, the developmental divergence of network segregation and integration along the anterior-posterior axis, the prediction of neurocognitive outcomes, and their associations with gene expression signatures of microstructural development and neuronal metabolic pathways. These findings advance our understanding of the principles of connectome remodeling during early life and its neurobiological underpinnings and have implications for studying typical and atypical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mingrui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Debin Zeng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lianglong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinyuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhilei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tengda Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuhong Liao
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huishu Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
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28
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Samnani AA, Karmaliani R, Nuruddin R, Petrucka P, Soofi SB. Unveiling school community perceptions of nutrition-friendly school initiatives in preschool settings in rural Sindh province, Pakistan: an exploratory study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1379229. [PMID: 38813413 PMCID: PMC11133731 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1379229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In 1995, the World Health Organization launched its Global School Health Initiative to expand the Health Promoting School (HPS). The objective of this study was to explore the perception of the school community in implementing nutrition-friendly school initiatives in preschool settings. Methods This paper delineates the exploratory phase of a mixed-method study, which broadly aims to assess the adoption of the Nutrition Friendly School Initiative (NFSI) through a preschool preparedness intervention package in rural Sindh province, Pakistan. The study sites include three campuses of the Aga Khan School (Mirpur Sakro, Junior Campus Vur, and a community-based school in Sujawal). Participants were selected purposively from these campuses and constituted a committee named 'school community,' which was responsible for implementing all activities outlined in the intervention package. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews and consultative meeting with the school community. Thematic analysis was employed for data analysis. Results The analysis established five major themes that represent the participants' perception of school-based nutrition interventions in preschool settings. These five themes include (i) Challenges in health and nutrition for pre-school age children, (ii) Clarity in roles and responsibilities for school-based nutrition intervention, (iii) Advancing school-based nutrition activities and interventions, (iv) Recognizing resources requirements, (v) Opportunities and challenges for the way forward in school-based nutrition. Findings also suggest sustainability and scalability measures that include the aligning School Nutrition Policy with the school handbook, ways to engage with parents, a nutrition theme corner, the inclusion of a parenting component in the nutrition manual, and capacity building of the school community. Conclusion Qualitative findings have guided the refinement of the intervention package, proposing additional measures for sustainability and scalability across AKES, P. The school community is hopeful that the implementation of the refined intervention package will enhance preschool preparedness toward achieving nutrition-friendly school checklist items. This study holds strong potential for replication in a public school setting and presents an opportunity to launch a school accreditation program to certify schools as Nutrition-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ali Samnani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rozina Karmaliani
- Department of Brain & Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rozina Nuruddin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Pammla Petrucka
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Clinic Place Saskatchewan, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sajid Bashir Soofi
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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29
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Szyller H, Antosz K, Batko J, Mytych A, Dziedziak M, Wrześniewska M, Braksator J, Pytrus T. Bioactive Components of Human Milk and Their Impact on Child's Health and Development, Literature Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1487. [PMID: 38794725 PMCID: PMC11124180 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The composition of human breast milk is an ideal combination of substances necessary for the healthy development of an infant's body while protecting from pathogens and the balanced development of the microbiota. Its composition is dynamic and changes with the age of the child, meeting their current needs. The study provides a thorough overview of human milk components, such as immunological components, growth factors, hormones, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. Authors focus on capturing the most important aspects of the effects of these substances on a newborn's body, while also looking for specific connections and describing the effects on given systems. Supplementation and the use of ingredients are also discussed. The purpose of this paper is to present the current state of knowledge about the bioactive components of human milk and their impact on the growth, development, and health of the young child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Szyller
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Antosz
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Joanna Batko
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Agata Mytych
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Marta Dziedziak
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Martyna Wrześniewska
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Joanna Braksator
- 2nd Clinical Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocalw, Poland; (J.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Pytrus
- 2nd Clinical Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocalw, Poland; (J.B.); (T.P.)
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30
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Gonzalez-Samano M, Villarreal HJ. Diabetes, life course and childhood socioeconomic conditions: an empirical assessment for Mexico. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1274. [PMID: 38724956 PMCID: PMC11084140 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demographic and epidemiological dynamics characterized by lower fertility rates and longer life expectancy, as well as higher prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, represent important challenges for policy makers around the World. We investigate the risk factors that influence the diagnosis of diabetes in the Mexican population aged 50 years and over, including childhood poverty. RESULTS This work employs a probabilistic regression model with information from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) of 2012 and 2018. Our results are consistent with the existing literature and should raise strong concerns. The findings suggest that risk factors that favor the diagnosis of diabetes in adulthood are: age, family antecedents of diabetes, obesity, and socioeconomic conditions during both adulthood and childhood. CONCLUSIONS Poverty conditions before the age 10, with inter-temporal poverty implications, are associated with a higher probability of being diagnosed with diabetes when older and pose extraordinary policy challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gonzalez-Samano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Government and Public Transformation, EGyTP, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Hector J Villarreal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Government and Public Transformation, EGyTP, Mexico City, Mexico
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31
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Tripathy K, Fogarty M, Svoboda AM, Schroeder ML, Rafferty SM, Richter EJ, Tracy C, Mansfield PK, Booth M, Fishell AK, Sherafati A, Markow ZE, Wheelock MD, Arbeláez AM, Schlaggar BL, Smyser CD, Eggebrecht AT, Culver JP. Mapping brain function in adults and young children during naturalistic viewing with high-density diffuse optical tomography. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26684. [PMID: 38703090 PMCID: PMC11069306 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Human studies of early brain development have been limited by extant neuroimaging methods. MRI scanners present logistical challenges for imaging young children, while alternative modalities like functional near-infrared spectroscopy have traditionally been limited by image quality due to sparse sampling. In addition, conventional tasks for brain mapping elicit low task engagement, high head motion, and considerable participant attrition in pediatric populations. As a result, typical and atypical developmental trajectories of processes such as language acquisition remain understudied during sensitive periods over the first years of life. We evaluate high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) imaging combined with movie stimuli for high resolution optical neuroimaging in awake children ranging from 1 to 7 years of age. We built an HD-DOT system with design features geared towards enhancing both image quality and child comfort. Furthermore, we characterized a library of animated movie clips as a stimulus set for brain mapping and we optimized associated data analysis pipelines. Together, these tools could map cortical responses to movies and contained features such as speech in both adults and awake young children. This study lays the groundwork for future research to investigate response variability in larger pediatric samples and atypical trajectories of early brain development in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Tripathy
- Division of Biological and Biomedical SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Western Psychiatric HospitalUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Morgan Fogarty
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Imaging Science ProgramWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Alexandra M. Svoboda
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Mariel L. Schroeder
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Sean M. Rafferty
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Edward J. Richter
- Department of Electrical and Systems EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Christopher Tracy
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Patricia K. Mansfield
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Madison Booth
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Andrew K. Fishell
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Arefeh Sherafati
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PhysicsWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Zachary E. Markow
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Muriah D. Wheelock
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Ana María Arbeláez
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Bradley L. Schlaggar
- Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Christopher D. Smyser
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Division of Biological and Biomedical SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Imaging Science ProgramWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Electrical and Systems EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PhysicsWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Imaging Science ProgramWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PhysicsWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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32
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Ringshaw JE, Hendrikse C, Wedderburn CJ, Bradford LE, Williams SR, Nyakonda CN, Subramoney S, Lake MT, Burd T, Hoffman N, Roos A, Narr KL, Joshi SH, Williams SCR, Zar HJ, Stein DJ, Donald KA. Persistent Impact of Antenatal Maternal Anaemia on Child Brain Structure at 6-7 Years of Age: A South African Child Health Study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4281448. [PMID: 38746172 PMCID: PMC11092825 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4281448/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background The study aim was to determine whether associations of antenatal maternal anaemia with smaller corpus callosum, putamen, and caudate nucleus volumes previously described in children at age 2-3 years persist to age 6-7 years in the Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS). Methods This neuroimaging sub-study was nested within the DCHS, a South African population-based birth cohort. Pregnant women were enrolled (2012-2015) and mother-child dyads were followed prospectively. A sub-group of children had magnetic resonance imaging at 6-7 years of age (2018-2022). Mothers had haemoglobin measurements during pregnancy and a proportion of children were tested postnatally. Maternal anaemia (haemoglobin<11g/dL) and child anaemia were classified using WHO and local guidelines. Linear modeling was used to investigate associations between antenatal maternal anaemia status, maternal haemoglobin concentrations, and regional child brain volumes. Models included potential confounders and were conducted with and without child anaemia to assess the relative roles of antenatal versus postnatal anaemia. Results Overall, 157 children (Mean [SD] age of 75.54 [4.77] months; 84 [53.50%] male) were born to mothers with antenatal haemoglobin data. The prevalence of maternal anaemia during pregnancy was 31.85% (50/157). In adjusted models, maternal anaemia status was associated with smaller volumes of the total corpus callosum (adjusted percentage difference, -6.77%; p=0.003), left caudate nucleus (adjusted percentage difference, -5.98%, p=0.005), and right caudate nucleus (adjusted percentage difference, -6.12%; p=0.003). Continuous maternal haemoglobin was positively associated with total corpus callosum (β=0.239 [CI: 0.10 to 0.38]; p<0.001) and caudate nucleus (β=0.165 [CI: 0.02 to 0.31]; p=0.027) volumes. In a sub-group (n=89) with child haemoglobin data (Mean [SD] age of 76.06[4.84]), the prevalence of antenatal maternal anaemia and postnatal child anaemia was 38.20% (34/89) and 47.19% (42/89), respectively. There was no association between maternal and child anaemia (c2 = 0.799; p=0.372), and child anaemia did not contribute to regional brain volume differences associated with maternal anaemia. Conclusions Associations between maternal anaemia and regional child brain volumes previously reported at 2-3 years of age were consistent and persisted to 6-7 years of age. Findings support the importance of optimizing antenatal maternal health and reinforce these brain regions as a future research focus on intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Ringshaw
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town
| | - Chanelle Hendrikse
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town
| | - Catherine J Wedderburn
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town
| | - Layla E Bradford
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town
| | - Simone R Williams
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town
| | - Charmaine N Nyakonda
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town
| | - Sivenesi Subramoney
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town
| | - Marilyn T Lake
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town
| | - Tiffany Burd
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town
| | - Nadia Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town
| | - Annerine Roos
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute
| | | | | | - Steven C R Williams
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging, Kings College London
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town
| | - Dan J Stein
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute
| | - Kirsten A Donald
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town
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Winter SF, Walsh D, Catsman-Berrevoets C, Feigin V, Destrebecq F, Dickson SL, Leonardi M, Hoemberg V, Tassorelli C, Ferretti MT, Dé A, Chadha AS, Lynch C, Bakhtadze S, Saylor D, Hwang S, Rostasy K, Kluger BM, Wright C, Zee PC, Dodick DW, Jaarsma J, Owolabi MO, Zaletel J, Albreht T, Dhamija RK, Helme A, Laurson-Doube J, Amos A, Baingana FK, Baker GA, Sofia F, Galvin O, Hawrot T. National plans and awareness campaigns as priorities for achieving global brain health. Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12:e697-e706. [PMID: 38485433 PMCID: PMC10951964 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurological conditions are the leading cause of death and disability combined. This public health crisis has become a global priority with the introduction of WHO's Intersectoral Global Action Plan on Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders 2022-2031 (IGAP). 18 months after this plan was adopted, global neurology stakeholders, including representatives of the OneNeurology Partnership (a consortium uniting global neurology organisations), take stock and advocate for urgent acceleration of IGAP implementation. Drawing on lessons from relevant global health contexts, this Health Policy identifies two priority IGAP targets to expedite national delivery of the entire 10-year plan: namely, to update national policies and plans, and to create awareness campaigns and advocacy programmes for neurological conditions and brain health. To ensure rapid attainment of the identified priority targets, six strategic drivers are proposed: universal community awareness, integrated neurology approaches, intersectoral governance, regionally coordinated IGAP domestication, lived experience-informed policy making, and neurological mainstreaming (advocating to embed brain health into broader policy agendas). Contextualised with globally emerging IGAP-directed efforts and key considerations for intersectoral policy design, this novel framework provides actionable recommendations for policy makers and IGAP implementation partners. Timely, synergistic pursuit of the six drivers might aid WHO member states in cultivating public awareness and policy structures required for successful intersectoral roll-out of IGAP by 2031, paving the way towards brain health for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Winter
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; International Bureau for Epilepsy, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Donna Walsh
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; International Bureau for Epilepsy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Coriene Catsman-Berrevoets
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Paediatric Neurology Society, Paris, France; Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Valery Feigin
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Stroke Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Frédéric Destrebecq
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Brain Council, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Suzanne L Dickson
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Brain Council, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Federation for Neurorehabilitation, North Shields, UK; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico CarloBesta, Milan, Italy
| | - Volker Hoemberg
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Federation for Neurorehabilitation, North Shields, UK
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; International Headache Society, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Ferretti
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Women's Brain Project, Bottighofen, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dé
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; Women's Brain Project, Bottighofen, Switzerland
| | | | - Chris Lynch
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; Alzheimer's Disease International, London, UK
| | - Sophia Bakhtadze
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Paediatric Neurology Society, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Deanna Saylor
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Neurology Foundation, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Soonmyung Hwang
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Neurology Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Rostasy
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Paediatric Neurology Society, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Benzi M Kluger
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; International Neuropalliative Care Society, Roseville, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Claire Wright
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; Meningitis Research Foundation, Bristol, UK; Confederation of Meningitis Organisations, Bristol, UK
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Sleep Society, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David W Dodick
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; International Headache Society Global Patient Advocacy Coalition, London, UK; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Atria Academy of Science and Medicine, New York, NY, USA; American Migraine Foundation, New York, NY, USA; American Brain Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joke Jaarsma
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Federation of Neurological Associations, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mayowa O Owolabi
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Federation for Neurorehabilitation, North Shields, UK; Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, and Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; African Stroke Organization, Ibadan, Nigeria; Lebanese American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jelka Zaletel
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tit Albreht
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rajinder K Dhamija
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Federation for Neurorehabilitation, North Shields, UK; International Neuropalliative Care Society, Roseville, MN, USA; Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anne Helme
- Multiple Sclerosis International Federation, London, UK
| | | | - Action Amos
- International Bureau for Epilepsy, Washington, DC, USA; International Bureau for Epilepsy African Region, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Florence K Baingana
- Regional Advisor, Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization African Region, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Gus A Baker
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; International Bureau for Epilepsy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Francesca Sofia
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; International Bureau for Epilepsy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Orla Galvin
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Federation of Neurological Associations, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tadeusz Hawrot
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Federation of Neurological Associations, Brussels, Belgium
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Santos IS, Blumenberg C, Munhoz TN, Matijasevich A, Salum C, Santos Júnior HG, Dos Santos LM, Correia LL, de Souza MR, Lira PIC, Bortolotto CC, Barcelos R, Altafim E, Chicaro MF, Macana EC, da Silva RS. Maternal depression and child development at 3 years of age: a longitudinal study in a Brazilian child development promotion program. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1139-1146. [PMID: 37952057 PMCID: PMC10920190 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that children of non-depressed mothers perform better in a developmental test at 3 years than children of depressed mothers. METHOD Longitudinal analysis from a trial to assess the impact of a child development promotion program in 30 Brazilian municipalities. Mothers and children were appraised at first-year post-partum, 1 and 3 years after enrollment. Child development was assessed through the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ3) and maternal depression through the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Crude and adjusted beta coefficients were obtained by linear regression before and after multiple imputation. RESULTS In total, 2098 mother/child dyads were included and 8.2% of the mothers had persistent depressive symptoms. There was a decrease in ASQ3 as the number of follow-ups with EPDS ≥ 10 increased (p for trend <0.001). In adjusted analysis, the direction of the association persisted but lost statistical significance. After multiple imputation, children from mothers with EPDS ≥ 10 in three follow-ups presented a decrease of about 14 points in ASQ3 (adjusted beta coefficient = -13.79; -22.59 to -5.00) (p for trend = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Identification of women at increased risk of depression should be among the primary health care sector priorities in maternal and child health in Brazil. IMPACT In our population study, almost one in every ten women presented persistent depression symptoms across the first 3 years postpartum. In adjusted analysis there was a detrimental impact of persistent maternal depression on child development at 3 years of age. The persistent exposure to maternal depression across early childhood negatively influences children's development. Considering its prevalence, identification of women at increased risk of depression should be among the primary health care sector priorities in maternal and child health in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iná S Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Cauane Blumenberg
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Causale Consultoria, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Tiago N Munhoz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Curso de Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Salum
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Marques Dos Santos
- Instituto de Humanidades Artes de Ciências da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Luciano L Correia
- Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro I C Lira
- Departamento de Nutrição do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PB, Brazil
| | - Caroline C Bortolotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel Barcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Altafim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ronaldo Souza da Silva
- Secretaria de Avaliação e Gestão da Informação (SAGI), Ministério da Cidadania, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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35
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Shahabi B, Hernández-Martínez C, Voltas N, Canals J, Arija V. The Maternal Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentration in Early Pregnancy and Infant Neurodevelopment: The ECLIPSES Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:687. [PMID: 38474815 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) play a key role in early neurodevelopment, but evidence from observational and clinical studies remains inconsistent. This study investigates the association between maternal n-3 LCPUFA, Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations during pregnancy and infant development functioning at 40 days. This study includes 348 mother-infant pairs. Maternal serum concentrations were assessed in the first and third trimesters alongside sociodemographic, clinical, nutritional, psychological, and obstetrical data. At 40 days, the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) was administered. An adjusted analysis revealed that lower first-trimester n-3 LCPUFA and DHA concentrations are associated with better infant motor development. These results underscore the potential significance of the maternal n-3 LCPUFA status in early pregnancy for influencing fetal neurodevelopment. However, the complexity of these associations necessitates further investigation, emphasizing the urgent need for additional studies to comprehensively elucidate the nuanced interplay between the maternal n-3 LCPUFA status and infant neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Shahabi
- Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Carmen Hernández-Martínez
- Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Núria Voltas
- Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
- Serra Húnter Fellow, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Xiao H, Hu L, Tang T, Zhong J, Xu Q, Cai X, Xiang F, Yang P, Mei H, Zhou A. Prenatal phthalate exposure and neurodevelopmental differences in twins at 2 years of age. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:533. [PMID: 38378488 PMCID: PMC10880363 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of singletons evaluating prenatal phthalate exposure and early neurodevelopment reported mixed results and the associations could be biased by parental, obstetrical, and genetic factors. METHODS A co-twin control design was employed to test whether prenatal phthalate exposure was associated with children's neurocognitive development. We collected information from 97 mother-twin pairs enrolled in the Wuhan Twin Birth Cohort between March 2016 and October 2018. Fourteen phthalate metabolites were measured in maternal urine collected at each trimester. Neurodevelopmental differences in twins at the age of two were examined as the outcome of interest. Multiple informant model was used to examine the covariate-adjusted associations of prenatal phthalate exposure with mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) scores assessed at 2 years of age based on Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Second Edition). This model also helps to identify the exposure window of susceptibility. RESULTS Maternal urinary levels of mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate (MEOHP) (β = 1.91, 95% CI: 0.43, 3.39), mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) (β = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.33, 2.79), and the sum of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (∑DEHP) (β = 1.85, 95% CI: 0.39, 3.31) during the first trimester showed the strongest and significant positive associations with intra-twin MDI difference. When stratified with twin chorionicity, the positive associations of monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), individual DEHP metabolites, and ∑DEHP exposure during pregnancy with intra-twin neurodevelopmental differences were more significant in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins than those in dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twins. CONCLUSIONS Neurodevelopmental differences in MCDA twins were strongly associated with prenatal phthalate exposure. Our findings warrant further confirmation in longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liqin Hu
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Operating Room, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jufang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao Xu
- Delivery Room, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Cai
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Feiyan Xiang
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hong Mei
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Chen Z, Sharma S, Chen S, Kim R, Subramanian SV, Li Z. Prevalence, trend, and inequality of prolonged exclusive breastfeeding among children aged 6-23 months old in India from 1992-2021: A cross-sectional study of nationally representative, individual-level data. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04026. [PMID: 38334279 PMCID: PMC10854209 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged exclusive breastfeeding (PEB) for children older than six months old is a threat to appropriate complementary feeding practices. This study aims to examine the trend of PEB among children aged 6-23 months in India. Methods We adopted five waves of National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data between 1992-93 and 2019-21. PEB was defined as children aged six months and above currently consuming breastmilk as the only source of energy, protein and micronutrients. We generated descriptive statistics and a series of multivariable logistic regressions to estimate the prevalence and trend in the PEB rate. Moreover, we assessed how child age and socioeconomic factors (i.e. child gender and age, place of residence, household wealth, and maternal education) were related with PEB using mutually and single-adjusted model. Results There were 184 891 Indian children aged 6-23 months old included in this study with 48.0% being female. We found that the proportion of PEB increased from 4.3% in 1992 to 7.7% in 2021, of which the rate for children aged six-eight months rose from 14.0 to 20.1%. Our results showed that children who were from poorer households or with lower-educated mothers were more likely to experience prolonged exclusive breastfed. Take the year of 2019-21 as an example, compared to the households of the richest quintile, children from households of the poorer quintile were significantly more likely to experience PEB, with odds ratio (OR) of 1.33 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-1.61). Moreover, children with illiterate mothers had 21% higher odds of having prolonged exclusively breastfeeding (OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.01-1.44) compared with children with mothers who have college and above education. Conclusions PEB among children over six months old is prevalent in India, particularly among children from disadvantaged households. Poverty reduction and maternal education are of great potential importance for policymakers to promote appropriate complementary feeding practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Smriti Sharma
- Mother Infant and Young Child Nutrition, Tata Trusts, Delhi, India
| | - Shaoru Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rockli Kim
- Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S V Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhihui Li
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Ejiohuo O, Onyeaka H, Unegbu KC, Chikezie OG, Odeyemi OA, Lawal A, Odeyemi OA. Nourishing the Mind: How Food Security Influences Mental Wellbeing. Nutrients 2024; 16:501. [PMID: 38398825 PMCID: PMC10893396 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity is a significant public health problem worldwide and critical to mental health. There is a complex relationship between food security and mental health. We carried out a narrative review study aiming to address how food insecurity impacts mental wellbeing by focusing on the mental health repercussions of food insecurity, recognizing its pivotal role in attaining Sustainable Development Goals 2 (on hunger) and 3 (on enhancing global wellbeing). A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar, incorporating Google searches for pertinent reports and policy documents. To address these questions, we emphasized and elucidated the interconnectedness between food security and mental health. The review shows that food security and mental health share a profound relationship influenced by multifaceted factors like socioeconomic conditions, access to nutritious food, and societal inequalities. We then provide recommendations for integrating food security into mental health strategies based on the insights and conclusions drawn. Strategies ranging from sustainable farming practices to urban agriculture initiatives and digital mental health services demonstrate avenues for enhancing food safety and mental wellbeing. This highlights the need for collaborative interdisciplinary efforts and systemic reforms to address these interconnected challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovinuchi Ejiohuo
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kingsley C. Unegbu
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-594 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Obinna G. Chikezie
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 62-081 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Omowale A. Odeyemi
- College of Nursing, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile Ife 220005, Osun, Nigeria;
| | - Adebola Lawal
- Hospital Management Board, Government House and Protocol Clinic, Akure 340283, Ondo, Nigeria;
| | - Olumide A. Odeyemi
- Office of Research Services, Research Division, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;
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Chowdhury R, Manapurath R, Sandøy IF, Upadhyay RP, Dhabhai N, Shaikh S, Chellani H, Choudhary TS, Jain A, Martines J, Bhandari N, Strand TA, Taneja S. Impact of an integrated health, nutrition, and early child stimulation and responsive care intervention package delivered to preterm or term small for gestational age babies during infancy on growth and neurodevelopment: study protocol of an individually randomized controlled trial in India (Small Babies Trial). Trials 2024; 25:110. [PMID: 38331842 PMCID: PMC10854034 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-07942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm and term small for gestational age (SGA) babies are at high risk of experiencing malnutrition and impaired neurodevelopment. Standalone interventions have modest and sometimes inconsistent effects on growth and neurodevelopment in these babies. For greater impact, intervention may be needed in multiple domains-health, nutrition, and psychosocial care and support. Therefore, the combined effects of an integrated intervention package for preterm and term SGA on growth and neurodevelopment are worth investigating. METHODS An individually randomized controlled trial is being conducted in urban and peri-urban low to middle-socioeconomic neighborhoods in South Delhi, India. Infants are randomized (1:1) into two strata of 1300 preterm and 1300 term SGA infants each to receive the intervention package or routine care. Infants will be followed until 12 months of age. Outcome data will be collected by an independent outcome ascertainment team at infant ages 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and at 2, 6, and 12 months after delivery for mothers. DISCUSSION The findings of this study will indicate whether providing an intervention that addresses factors known to limit growth and neurodevelopment can offer substantial benefits to preterm or term SGA infants. The results from this study will increase our understanding of growth and development and guide the design of public health programs in low- and middle-income settings for vulnerable infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial has been registered prospectively in Clinical Trial Registry - India # CTRI/2021/11/037881, Registered on 08 November 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rukman Manapurath
- Society for Applied Studies, 45 Kalu Sarai, New Delhi, India
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Fossgard Sandøy
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Neeta Dhabhai
- Society for Applied Studies, 45 Kalu Sarai, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Harish Chellani
- Society for Applied Studies, 45 Kalu Sarai, New Delhi, India
| | - Tarun Shankar Choudhary
- Society for Applied Studies, 45 Kalu Sarai, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Abhinav Jain
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Jose Martines
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nita Bhandari
- Society for Applied Studies, 45 Kalu Sarai, New Delhi, India
| | - Tor A Strand
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Sunita Taneja
- Society for Applied Studies, 45 Kalu Sarai, New Delhi, India.
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Moore SE. Sex differences in growth and neurocognitive development in infancy and early childhood. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38326969 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Undernutrition in early life remains a significant public health challenge affecting millions of infants and young children globally. Children who are wasted, stunted or underweight are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Undernutrition at critical periods also impacts on aspects of neurodevelopment, with longer-term consequences to educational performance and mental health outcomes. Despite consistent evidence highlighting an increased risk of neonatal and infant mortality among boys, a common assumption held across many disciplines is that girls are more vulnerable with respect to early-life exposures. In relation to undernutrition, however, recent evidence indicates the reverse, and in contexts of food insecurity, boys are at increased risk of undernutrition in early life compared to girls, with sex-specific risks for neurodevelopmental deficits. These effects appear independent of social factors that may favour boys, such as gender disparities in infant feeding practices and health-seeking behaviours. The observed vulnerability among boys may therefore be underpinned by biological processes such as differential energy requirements during periods of rapid growth. As boys have greater needs for growth and maintenance, then, in times of nutritional hardship, these needs may not be met resulting in risk of undernutrition and subsequent health consequences. In view of this emerging evidence, a greater understanding of the mechanisms behind this vulnerability among boys is needed and policy considerations to protect boys should be considered. This review will explore sex differences in risk of undernutrition and consider these in the context of existing programmes and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Moore
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, LondonSE1 7EH, UK
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Upadhyay RP, Pathak BG, Raut SV, Kumar D, Singh D, Sudfeld CR, Strand TA, Taneja S, Bhandari N. Linear growth beyond 24 months and child neurodevelopment in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:101. [PMID: 38331737 PMCID: PMC10851505 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To synthesize available evidence on the association between change in linear growth (height for age z score, HAZ) beyond the first two years of life with later child neurodevelopment outcomes in Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for cohort studies on the association between change in HAZ after age two and neurodevelopment outcomes in middle or late childhood. Data extraction was done independently by two reviewers. RESULTS A total of 21 studies, that included 64,562 children from 13 LMICs were identified. Each unit increase in change in HAZ above two years is associated with a + 0.01 increase (N = 8 studies, 27,393 children) in the cognitive scores at 3.5 to 12 years of age and a + 0.05-standard deviation (SD) increase (95% CI 0.02 to 0.08, N = 3 studies, 17,830 children) in the language score at 5 to 15 years of age. No significant association of change in HAZ with motor (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.04; 95% CI: -0.10, 0.18, N = 1 study, 966 children) or socio-emotional scores (SMD 0.00; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.01, N = 4 studies, 14,616 participants) was observed. CONCLUSION Changes in HAZ after the first two years of life appear to have a small or no association with child neurodevelopment outcomes in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sunita Taneja
- Society for Applied Studies, 45 Kalu Sarai, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Nita Bhandari
- Society for Applied Studies, 45 Kalu Sarai, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Lin K, Zhou YM, Ma HP, He F, Huang XN, Tian XB, Zheng Y, Sun J. Quality of childcare and delayed child development in left-behind children in China. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:809-818. [PMID: 37845526 PMCID: PMC10899099 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inequalities in job opportunities and income prompts many Chinese parents to leave rural regions to work in urban regions. Their children are left behind in rural regions, subjected to worse quality of childcare that jeopardizes their development. This study aimed to examine the association between quality of childcare and delayed child development in under-three years children left behind in China. METHODS Cross-sectional national survey was conducted in children left behind in rural China in 2017. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to develop a quality of childcare index. Mutlilevel analyses determined factors associated with quality of childcare and child development on a province and individual level. RESULT The largest population of at-risk children left behind were found in higher-GDP provinces. Children left behind had the lowest mean quality of childcare score. Multilevel analysis found that province level accounted for a great proportion of variance observed. CONCLUSIONS While migration to urban regions for work may improve household income, a trade-off in worse quality of childcare and developmental delays exists. With improving household income often being the greatest contributing factor for parental migration, policies to reduce inequalities in job opportunities and wealth between rural and urban regions are required. IMPACT Previous studies identified higher prevalence of developmental delays in children left behind in China. However, quality of childcare has not been examined. Based on WHO's Nurturing Care Framework, we developed a quality of childcare index to assess its association with child development in children left behind. Greatest proportion of children left behind at-risk of developmental delays resided in higher-GDP states, indicating a trade-off in worse quality of childcare and developmental delays. Since improving household income is the main factor for parental migration, policies to close inequalities in job opportunities and wealth between rural and urban regions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Lin
- Institute of Integrated Intelligence and Systems, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Yu-Ming Zhou
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University & The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ping Ma
- Youfu Hospital of Binzhou City, No. 585, Changjiang 1st Road, Bincheng District, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan He
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University & The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Na Huang
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF China Office), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bo Tian
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF China Office), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University & The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Integrated Intelligence and Systems, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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Scher MS. Interdisciplinary fetal-neonatal neurology training applies neural exposome perspectives to neurology principles and practice. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1321674. [PMID: 38288328 PMCID: PMC10824035 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1321674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
An interdisciplinary fetal-neonatal neurology (FNN) program over the first 1,000 days teaches perspectives of the neural exposome that are applicable across the life span. This curriculum strengthens neonatal neurocritical care, pediatric, and adult neurology training objectives. Teaching at maternal-pediatric hospital centers optimally merges reproductive, pregnancy, and pediatric approaches to healthcare. Phenotype-genotype expressions of health or disease pathways represent a dynamic neural exposome over developmental time. The science of uncertainty applied to FNN training re-enforces the importance of shared clinical decisions that minimize bias and reduce cognitive errors. Trainees select mentoring committee participants that will maximize their learning experiences. Standardized questions and oral presentations monitor educational progress. Master or doctoral defense preparation and competitive research funding can be goals for specific individuals. FNN principles applied to practice offer an understanding of gene-environment interactions that recognizes the effects of reproductive health on the maternal-placental-fetal triad, neonate, child, and adult. Pre-conception and prenatal adversities potentially diminish life-course brain health. Endogenous and exogenous toxic stressor interplay (TSI) alters the neural exposome through maladaptive developmental neuroplasticity. Developmental disorders and epilepsy are primarily expressed during the first 1,000 days. Communicable and noncommunicable illnesses continue to interact with the neural exposome to express diverse neurologic disorders across the lifespan, particularly during the critical/sensitive time periods of adolescence and reproductive senescence. Anomalous or destructive fetal neuropathologic lesions change clinical expressions across this developmental-aging continuum. An integrated understanding of reproductive, pregnancy, placental, neonatal, childhood, and adult exposome effects offers a life-course perspective of the neural exposome. Exosome research promises improved disease monitoring and drug delivery starting during pregnancy. Developmental origins of health and disease principles applied to FNN practice anticipate neurologic diagnoses with interventions that can benefit successive generations. Addressing health care disparities in the Global South and high-income country medical deserts require constructive dialogue among stakeholders to achieve medical equity. Population health policies require a brain capital strategy that reduces the global burden of neurologic diseases by applying FNN principles and practice. This integrative neurologic care approach will prolong survival with an improved quality of life for persons across the lifespan confronted with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Scher
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Tu Y, Sarkar K, Svirydzenka N, Palfreyman Z, Parry YK, Ankers M, Parikh P, Raghavan R, Lakhanpaul M. Interventions to promote the health and well-being of children under 5s experiencing homelessness in high-income countries: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076492. [PMID: 38216205 PMCID: PMC10806763 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Homelessness among families with children under 5 residing in temporary accommodation is a growing global concern, especially in high-income countries (HICs). Despite significant impacts on health and development, these 'invisible' children often fall through the gaps in policy and services. The study's primary objective is to map the content and delivery methods of culturally sensitive interventions for children under 5 experiencing homelessness in HICs. DESIGN A scoping review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. DATA SOURCES Databases include PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, The Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched up to 24 March 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA This scoping review includes studies that describe, measure or evaluate intervention strategies aimed at improving child health programmes, specifically those yielding positive outcomes in key areas like feeding, nutrition, care practices and parenting. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Articles were selected and evaluated by two independent reviewers, with a dispute resolution system involving a third reviewer for contested selections. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using various tools including the Risk of Bias (RoB) tool, Cochrane RoB V.2.0, the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS) and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), each selected according to the type of article. RESULTS The database search yielded 951 results. After deduplication, abstract screening and full review, 13 articles met the inclusion criteria. Two predominant categories of intervention delivery methods were identified in this research: group-based interventions (educational sessions) and individual-based interventions (home visits). CONCLUSION This review highlights effective interventions for promoting the health and well-being of children under 5 experiencing homelessness, including educational sessions and home visits. Research has supported the importance of home visiting to be instrumental in breaking down language, cultural and health literacy barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Tu
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Nadia Svirydzenka
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leicester, UK
| | - Zoe Palfreyman
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leicester, UK
| | - Yvonne Karen Parry
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Ankers
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Priti Parikh
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raghu Raghavan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, De Montfort University Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leicester, UK
| | - Monica Lakhanpaul
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Xu M, Ding M, Kong W, Jia N, Yan S, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Oxford ML, Guan H. Psychometric soundness and predictive factors of the NCAST Parent-Child Interaction Teaching Scale in urban Chinese population. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13195. [PMID: 37936522 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of parent-child interaction in early childhood functions as a critical indicator of nurturing care and is strongly associated with short-term and long-term development (health, cognition, language, social emotion, well-being, etc.). NCAST PCI Teaching Scale (PCI-TS), a video-based assessment regarded as a gold standard to measure PCI, has been widely used worldwide. However, its psychometric soundness among the urban Chinese population is unclear. This study assesses the PCI-TS's reliability and validity and explores predictive factors among urban Chinese parent-child dyads. METHODS PCI-TS was adopted to code mother-child interaction among urban Chinese dyads recruited during the children's regular health checks in local maternal and child health centres. Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency (Cronbach'α coefficient) and test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation) with an average interval of 18 days. Score distribution of each subscale and total scale were compared with NCAST Database and Canadian community sample by single sample t-test. Criteria-related validity was conducted by Infant-Toddler Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (Pearson correlation). Predictive factors was performed by multiple linear regression. RESULTS Four hundred and twenty-nine eligible mother-child dyads were included for data analysis among the 466 recruited samples. Four qualified local paediatricians accomplished video coding with an average agreement of 86%. The PCI-TS has strong reliability among the Chinese population with the Cronbach'α coefficients of the Caregiver-Infant total score, Caregiver total and Infant total scores of 0.81, 0.81 and 0.74, respectively; an acceptable test-retest reliability (r = 0.73, p < 0.01); and moderate correlation with IT-HOME, ranging from 0.53 to 0.62. Child age, birth weight, maternal education, full-time housewife, living with grandparent(s) and living space were predictive factors on PCI-TS in the Chinese population. CONCLUSION PCI-TS showed good psychometric properties for measuring mother-child interactions among urban Chinese dyads, offering clinicians and researchers a practical tool to evaluate PCI objectively. Child age, maternal education and living space were beneficial factors, while full-time mothers and living with grandparent(s) were risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xu
- Nurturing Care Research and Guidance Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqi Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, HaiDian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrui Kong
- Nurturing Care Research and Guidance Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Jia
- Nurturing Care Research and Guidance Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Maanshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Maanshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Department of Child Care Guidance, Shenyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Lanzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Monica Lynn Oxford
- Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hongyan Guan
- Nurturing Care Research and Guidance Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Flaherman VJ, Murungi J, Bale C, Dickinson S, Chen X, Namiiro F, Nankunda J, Pollack LM, Laleau V, Kim MO, Allison DB, Ginsburg AS, Braima de Sa A, Nankabirwa V. Breastfeeding and Once-Daily Small-Volume Formula Supplementation to Prevent Infant Growth Impairment. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023062228. [PMID: 38062778 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-062228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized controlled trials in Guinea-Bissau and Uganda have revealed that the intensive promotion of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) impairs growth in early infancy. When newborn growth is impaired, small amounts of formula may be combined with breastfeeding to promote growth. METHODS To determine if breastfeeding combined with once-daily formula supplementation improves growth among at-risk newborns, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau and Kampala, Uganda. We randomly assigned 324 healthy breastfeeding newborns who weighed 2000 g to 2499 g at birth or <2600 g at 4 days old to once-daily formula feeding through 30 days as a supplement to frequent breastfeeding followed by EBF from 31 days through 6 months, or to EBF through 6 months. The primary outcome was weight-for-age z score (WAZ) at 30 days. Other outcomes included weight-for-length z score (WLZ), length-for-age z score (LAZ), breastfeeding cessation, adverse events, and serious adverse events through 180 days. RESULTS Daily formula consumption in the intervention group was 31.9 ± 11.8 mL. The random assignment did not impact WAZ, WLZ, LAZ, breastfeeding cessation, adverse events, or serious adverse events through 180 days. In the intervention and control groups, 19 (12%) and 35 (21%) infants, respectively, reported nonformula supplementation in the first 30 days (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Once-daily formula supplementation for 30 days was well-tolerated, but the small volume consumed did not alter growth through 180 days of age. Further research would be required to determine if larger formula volumes, longer duration of treatment, or more frequent feeding are effective at increasing growth for this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Murungi
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carlito Bale
- International Partnership for Human Development, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | | | - Xiwei Chen
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Flavia Namiiro
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jolly Nankunda
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lance M Pollack
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Victoria Laleau
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mi-Ok Kim
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - David B Allison
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | | | | | - Victoria Nankabirwa
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Centre for Intervention Science for Maternal and Child Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Kirkegaard A, Irwin C, Byrne R, Sambell R, Vincze L. Barriers and enablers to a healthy food environment in Australian childcare services: Exploring directors' perspectives. Health Promot J Austr 2024; 35:122-133. [PMID: 36998156 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings are ideal environments to optimise nutrition and positively influence children's food behaviours. However, recent research has identified the need to improve nutrition policies, food provision, and mealtime environments in Australian ECEC settings. This study explored the perceptions of ECEC directors regarding barriers and enablers to a health-promoting food environment within ECEC services. METHODS Eleven directors from ECEC services in Nerang, Queensland, and surrounding areas, participated in qualitative interviews between March and May 2021. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis that followed a deductive-inductive approach employing nutrition-related domains from the Wellness Child Care Assessment Tool, these being: (i) nutrition policy; (ii) nutrition education; (iii) food provision; and (iv) mealtimes. Transcripts were coded independently by two researchers in NVivo and consensus for barriers and enablers was achieved through discussion. RESULTS Barriers and enablers were reported across four domains (nutrition policy, nutrition education, food provision, and mealtimes). Comprehensive nutrition-related policies were an enabler to a healthy nutrition environment but were sometimes described as lacking detail or customisation to the service. Nutrition education for children was described as competing with other activities for time and resources in an already-crowded curriculum. Financial and time pressures faced by families were a barrier to healthy food provision in services where families provided food for children. The ability of staff to sit with children and engage in conversation during mealtimes was an enabler; however, competing demands on time and the unavailability of food for staff were cited as barriers to health-promoting mealtimes. CONCLUSIONS Directors in ECEC services report both barriers and enablers to a healthy food environment. Nutrition policies were an enabler when comprehensive and relevant but a barrier when vague and not tailored to the service environment. ECEC services should be supported to develop and implement service-specific nutrition policies and practices by engaging with parents and staff. SO WHAT?: The barriers and enablers reported in this study should be considered when designing and implementing future evidence-based interventions to improve the nutrition environment in ECEC services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Kirkegaard
- Centre for Community Health and Wellbeing, University of Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Chris Irwin
- Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca Byrne
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Ros Sambell
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Lisa Vincze
- Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Cruz‐Rodríguez J, Canals‐Sans J, Hernández‐Martínez C, Voltas‐Moreso N, Arija V. Prenatal vitamin B12 status and cognitive functioning in children at 4 years of age: The ECLIPSES Study. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024; 20:e13580. [PMID: 37938197 PMCID: PMC10750008 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Maternal vitamin B12 deficiency has been associated with disturbed cognitive functioning in offspring at different ages during childhood. However, this association has not been explored in pre-school-age children. The objective of this study was to examine the association between maternal vitamin B12 levels at the beginning and end of pregnancy and cognitive functioning in their children at 4 years of age. This longitudinal prospective study included a subsample of pregnant women and their children aged 4 years (n = 249) who participated in the ECLIPSES Study conducted in the province of Tarragona, Spain, from 2013 to 2017. Maternal vitamin B12 concentrations were determined in the first and third trimesters, and sociodemographic, nutritional and psychological data were collected. The children's cognitive functioning was assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV) and subtests of the Neuropsychological Assessment of Development (NEPSY-II). The multivariable models showed a significant relationship between vitamin B12 and the working memory index in the first trimester of the pregnancy but not in the third trimester. Children of mothers in the second vitamin B12 level tertile (314-413 pg/mL) (β = 6.468, 95% confidence interval [CI]: = 2.054, 10.882, p = 0.004) and third vitamin B12 level tertile (≥414 pg/mL) (β = 4.703, 95% CI: = 0.292, 9.114, p = 0.037) scored higher in the working memory index of the WPPSI-IV than the children of mothers with vitamin B12 levels in the first tertile (<314 pg/mL). Maintaining an adequate level of maternal vitamin B12 during early pregnancy contributes to improved performance in childhood working memory at 4 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Cruz‐Rodríguez
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM)Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV)TarragonaSpain
| | - Josefa Canals‐Sans
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM)Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV)TarragonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)TarragonaSpain
- Centre de Recerca en Avaluació i Mesura de la Conducta (CRAMC), Department of PsychologyUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Carmen Hernández‐Martínez
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM)Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV)TarragonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)TarragonaSpain
- Centre de Recerca en Avaluació i Mesura de la Conducta (CRAMC), Department of PsychologyUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Núria Voltas‐Moreso
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM)Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV)TarragonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)TarragonaSpain
- Centre de Recerca en Avaluació i Mesura de la Conducta (CRAMC), Department of PsychologyUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM)Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV)TarragonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)TarragonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària IDIAP Jordi GolInstitut Català de la Salut (ICS)BarcelonaSpain
- Collaborative Research Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition and Smoking (CENIT)IDIAP Jordi GolReusSpain
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Iglesias‐Vázquez L, Canals J, Hernández‐Martínez C, Voltas N, Arija V. Prenatal iron supplementation adjusted to maternal iron stores reduces behavioural problems in 4-year-old children. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024; 20:e13595. [PMID: 38041537 PMCID: PMC10750013 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal iron supplementation improves children's health and cognitive performance, but few studies explore behavioural development. This study assessed the effects of adjusting prenatal iron supplementation to maternal iron stores during early pregnancy on children's behavioural problems. Randomized controlled trial conducted in Tarragona (Spain) involving 230 nonanaemic pregnant women and their children after a 4-year follow-up. Based on haemoglobin (Hb) levels before gestational week (GW) 12, women receive different iron doses: those with Hb = 110-130 g/L were randomized to receive 80 or 40 mg/day and those with Hb > 130 g/L were randomized to receive 20 or 40 mg/day. Maternal iron stores at GW12 were classified using serum ferritin (SF) as low (SF < 15 µg/L), normal (SF = 15-65 µg/L), and normal-high (SF > 65 µg/L). Children's behaviour was assessed by parents using the Child Behaviour Checklist for ages 1.5-5 years and the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version, and by teachers using the Teacher's Report Form for ages 1.5-5 years. Multivariable regression models were performed. Taking 80 mg/day of iron improved child behaviour when women had low iron stores but worsened it when mothers had normal-high iron stores, except for depressive and attention/hyperactivity problems. Taking 20 mg/day of iron improved behaviour only in those children whose mothers had SF > 65 µg/L in early pregnancy. Additionally, executive functioning improved at high doses of prenatal iron when maternal baseline SF < 15 µg/L. Adjusting prenatal iron supplementation to both maternal baseline Hb levels and iron stores reduces behavioural problems in 4-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Iglesias‐Vázquez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research GroupUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliReusSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV)ReusSpain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research GroupUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliReusSpain
- Department of Psychology, Research Centre for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Faculty of Education Sciences and PsychologyUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Carmen Hernández‐Martínez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research GroupUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliReusSpain
- Department of Psychology, Research Centre for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Faculty of Education Sciences and PsychologyUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Núria Voltas
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research GroupUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliReusSpain
- Department of Psychology, Research Centre for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Faculty of Education Sciences and PsychologyUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliTarragonaSpain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Serra Húnter FellowUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research GroupUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliReusSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV)ReusSpain
- Collaborative Research Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition, and Smoking (CENIT), Tarragona‐Reus Research Support UnitIDIAP Jordi GolTarragonaSpain
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Etea TD, Yalew AW, Sisay MM. Mediating effects of women's empowerment on dietary diversity during pregnancy in Central West Ethiopia: A structural equation modelling. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2290303. [PMID: 38126365 PMCID: PMC10763841 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2290303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable proportions of pregnant women consume inadequately diversified diets in Ethiopia. On the other hand, women's empowerment is identified as a means of achieving maternal nutrition improvement. However, evidence on the relationship between multiple dimensions of women's empowerment and dietary diversity during pregnancy is limited in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the mediating effects of women's empowerment in the pathway between women's education and dietary diversity during pregnancy in West Shewa zone, Ethiopia. METHODS A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,383 pregnant women in 2021. Dietary diversity was measured using the minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) tool. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to identify and validate women's empowerment dimensions. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine the pathways linking pregnant women's education and empowerment to dietary diversity during pregnancy. RESULTS From the latent dimensions of women's empowerment produced by factor analyses, pregnant women's education was directly associated with household decision-making power, psychological and time dimensions. In turn, household decision-making power, psychological and time dimensions were associated with dietary diversity during pregnancy. The direct relationship between pregnant women's education and dietary diversity was insignificant, but the total indirect effect and total effect were significant. Household decision-making power, psychological and time dimensions were significant mediators in the relationship between pregnant women's education and dietary diversity. However, economic dimension was related to neither pregnant women's education nor dietary diversity. CONCLUSION This study highlights pregnant women with better education are more likely to be empowered in household decision-making, psychological and time dimensions; and those empowered pregnant women are more likely to consume more diverse diets, suggesting women's access to higher education could have a positive indirect effect on consumption of more diverse diets during pregnancy by empowering women in the study area.
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