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Dempsey M, Thavarajah D. Low molecular weight carbohydrates and abiotic stress tolerance in lentil ( Lens culinaris Medikus): a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1408252. [PMID: 39421141 PMCID: PMC11484031 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1408252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is a nutrient-rich, cool-season food legume that is high in protein, prebiotic carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. It is a staple food in many parts of the world, but crop performance is threatened by climate change, where increased temperatures and less predictable precipitation can reduce yield and nutritional quality. One mechanism that many plant species use to mitigate heat and drought stress is the production of disaccharides, oligosaccharides and sugar alcohols, collectively referred to as low molecular weight carbohydrates (LMWCs). Recent evidence indicates that lentil may also employ this mechanism - especially raffinose family oligosaccharides and sugar alcohols - and that these may be suitable targets for genomic-assisted breeding to improve crop tolerance to heat and drought stress. While the genes responsible for LMWC biosynthesis in lentil have not been fully elucidated, single nucleotide polymorphisms and putative genes underlying biosynthesis of LMWCs have been identified. Yet, more work is needed to confirm gene identity, function, and response to abiotic stress. This review i) summarizes the diverse evidence for how LMWCs are utilized to improve abiotic stress tolerance, ii) highlights current knowledge of genes that control LMWC biosynthesis in lentil, and iii) explores how LMWCs can be targeted using diverse genomic resources and markers to accelerate lentil breeding efforts for improved stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dil Thavarajah
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pulse Quality and Nutritional Breeding, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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Stałanowska K, Szablińska-Piernik J, Pszczółkowska A, Railean V, Wasicki M, Pomastowski P, Lahuta LB, Okorski A. Antifungal Properties of Bio-AgNPs against D. pinodes and F. avenaceum Infection of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4525. [PMID: 38674112 PMCID: PMC11050071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascochyta blight and Fusarium root rot are the most serious fungal diseases of pea, caused by D. pinodes and F. avenaceum, respectively. Due to the lack of fully resistant cultivars, we proposed the use of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNPs) as a novel protecting agent. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal properties and effectiveness of bio-AgNPs, in in vitro (poisoned food technique; resazurin assay) and in vivo (seedlings infection) experiments, against D. pinodes and F. avenaceum. Moreover, the effects of diseases on changes in the seedlings' metabolic profiles were analyzed. The MIC for spores of both fungi was 125 mg/L, and bio-AgNPs at 200 mg/L most effectively inhibited the mycelium growth of D. pinodes and F. avenaceum (by 45 and 26%, respectively, measured on the 14th day of incubation). The treatment of seedlings with bio-AgNPs or fungicides before inoculation prevented the development of infection. Bio-AgNPs at concentrations of 200 mg/L for D. pinodes and 100 mg/L for F. avenaceum effectively inhibited infections' spread. The comparison of changes in polar metabolites' profiles revealed disturbances in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in pea seedlings by both pathogenic fungi. The involvement of bio-AgNPs in the mobilization of plant metabolism in response to fungal infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Stałanowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Pszczółkowska
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 5, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Viorica Railean
- Department of Infectious, Invasive Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Miłosz Wasicki
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (P.P.)
- Department of Inorganic and Coordination Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Lesław Bernard Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Adam Okorski
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 5, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Wang Q, Shi J, Liu J, Zhang P, Li L, Xie H, Li H, Wang H, Liu C, Qin P. Integration of transcriptome and metabolome reveals the accumulation of related metabolites and gene regulation networks during quinoa seed development. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:10. [PMID: 38319430 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Quinoa seeds are gluten- and cholesterol-free, contain all amino acids required by the human body, have a high protein content, provide endocrine regulation, protein supplementation, and cardiovascular protection effects. However, metabolite accumulation and transcriptional regulatory networks in quinoa seed development are not well understood. Four key stages of seed development in Dianli-3260 and Dianli-557 were thus analyzed and 849 metabolites were identified, among which sugars, amino acids, and lipids were key for developmental processes, and their accumulation showed a gradual decrease. Transcriptome analysis identified 40,345 genes, of which 20,917 were differential between the M and F phases, including 8279 and 12,638 up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. Grain development processes were mainly enriched in galactose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, the biosynthesis of amino acids, and carbon metabolism pathways, in which raffinose, phosphoenolpyruvate, series and other metabolites are significantly enriched, gene-LOC110689372, Gene-LOC110710556 and gene-LOC110714584 are significantly expressed, and these metabolites and genes play an important role in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid and Amino acid synthesis of quinoa. This study provides a theoretical basis to expand our understanding of the molecular and metabolic development of quinoa grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchao Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jirong Shi
- Food Crop Research Institute, Zhaotong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhaotong, 657000, China
| | - Junna Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Heng Xie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hanxue Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Chenghong Liu
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Peng Qin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Ling C, Liu Y, Yang Z, Xu J, Ouyang Z, Yang J, Wang S. Genome-Wide Identification of HSF Gene Family in Kiwifruit and the Function of AeHSFA2b in Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15638. [PMID: 37958622 PMCID: PMC10649126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and response to various abiotic stresses. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the AeHSF gene family at genome-wide level in kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha), focusing on their functions in the response to abiotic stresses. A total of 41 AeHSF genes were identified and categorized into three primary groups, namely, HSFA, HSFB, and HSFC. Further transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of AeHSFA2b/2c and AeHSFB1c/1d/2c/3b was strongly induced by salt, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR assays. The overexpression of AeHSFA2b in Arabidopsis significantly improved the tolerance to salt stress by increasing AtRS5, AtGolS1 and AtGolS2 expression. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that AeHSFA2b could bind to the AeRFS4 promoter directly. Therefore, we speculated that AeHSFA2b may activate AeRFS4 expression by directly binding its promoter to enhance the kiwifruit's tolerance to salt stress. These results will provide a new insight into the evolutionary and functional mechanisms of AeHSF genes in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Songhu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
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Chen X, Chen H, Xu H, Li M, Luo Q, Wang T, Yang Z, Gan S. Effects of drought and rehydration on root gene expression in seedlings of Pinus massoniana Lamb. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1619-1640. [PMID: 37166353 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying plant response to drought involve the expression of numerous functional and regulatory genes. Transcriptome sequencing based on the second- and/or third-generation high-throughput sequencing platforms has proven to be powerful for investigating the transcriptional landscape under drought stress. However, the full-length transcriptomes related to drought responses in the important conifer genus Pinus L. remained to be delineated using the third-generation sequencing technology. With the objectives of identifying the candidate genes responsible for drought and/or rehydration and clarifying the expression profile of key genes involved in drought regulation, we combined the third- and second-generation sequencing techniques to perform transcriptome analysis on seedling roots under drought stress and rewatering in the drought-tolerant conifer Pinus massoniana Lamb. A sum of 294,114 unique full-length transcripts were produced with a mean length of 3217 bp and N50 estimate of 5075 bp, including 279,560 and 124,438 unique full-length transcripts being functionally annotated and Gene Ontology enriched, respectively. A total of 4076, 6295 and 18,093 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in three pair-wise comparisons of drought-treatment versus control transcriptomes, including 2703, 3576 and 8273 upregulated and 1373, 2719 and 9820 downregulated DEGs, respectively. Moreover, 157, 196 and 691 DEGs were identified as transcription factors in the three transcriptome comparisons and grouped into 26, 34 and 44 transcription factor families, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that a remarkable number of DEGs were enriched in soluble sugar-related and cell wall-related processes. A subset of 75, 68 and 97 DEGs were annotated to be associated with starch, sucrose and raffinose metabolism, respectively, while 32 and 70 DEGs were associated with suberin and lignin biosynthesis, respectively. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed modules and hub genes closely related to drought and rehydration. This study provides novel insights into root transcriptomic changes in response to drought dynamics in Masson pine and serves as a fundamental work for further molecular investigation on drought tolerance in conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 682 Guangshan Road 1, Guangzhou 510520, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration & Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration & Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Huilan Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration & Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 682 Guangshan Road 1, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Qunfeng Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration & Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration & Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Zhangqi Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration & Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Siming Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 682 Guangshan Road 1, Guangzhou 510520, China
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Jing Q, Chen A, Lv Z, Dong Z, Wang L, Meng X, Feng Y, Wan Y, Su C, Cui Y, Xu W, Hou H, Zhu X. Systematic Analysis of Galactinol Synthase and Raffinose Synthase Gene Families in Potato and Their Expression Patterns in Development and Abiotic Stress Responses. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1344. [PMID: 37510251 PMCID: PMC10379439 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are very important for plant growth, development, and abiotic stress tolerance. Galactinol synthase (GolS) and raffinose synthase (RFS) are critical enzymes involved in RFO biosynthesis. However, the whole-genome identification and stress responses of their coding genes in potato remain unexplored. In this study, four StGolS and nine StRFS genes were identified and classified into three and five subgroups, respectively. Remarkably, a total of two StGolS and four StRFS genes in potato were identified to form collinear pairs with those in both Arabidopsis and tomato, respectively. Subsequent analysis revealed that StGolS4 exhibited significantly high expression levels in transport-related tissues, PEG-6000, and ABA treatments, with remarkable upregulation under salt stress. Additionally, StRFS5 showed similar responses to StGolS4, but StRFS4 and StRFS8 gene expression increased significantly under salt treatment and decreased in PEG-6000 and ABA treatments. Overall, these results lay a foundation for further research on the functional characteristics and molecular mechanisms of these two gene families in response to ABA, salt, and drought stresses, and provide a theoretical foundation and new gene resources for the abiotic-stress-tolerant breeding of potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quankai Jing
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Airu Chen
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Zhaoyan Lv
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Xiaoke Meng
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Yue Feng
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Yu Wan
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Chengyun Su
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Yanjie Cui
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Hualan Hou
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Xiaobiao Zhu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
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Liu Y, Li T, Zhang C, Zhang W, Deng N, Dirk LMA, Downie AB, Zhao T. Raffinose positively regulates maize drought tolerance by reducing leaf transpiration. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:55-67. [PMID: 36703577 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major constraints of global crop production. Raffinose, a non-reducing trisaccharide, has been considered to regulate positively the plant drought stress tolerance; however, evidence that augmenting raffinose production in leaves results in enhanced plant drought stress tolerance is lacking. The biochemical mechanism through which raffinose might act to mitigate plant drought stress remains unidentified. ZmRAFS encodes Zea mays RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE, a key enzyme that transfers galactose from the galactoside galactinol to sucrose for raffinose production. Overexpression of ZmRAFS in maize increased the RAFS protein and the raffinose content and decreased the water loss of leaves and enhanced plant drought stress tolerance. The biomass of the ZmRAFS overexpressing plants was similar to that of non-transgenic control plants when grown under optimal conditions, but was significantly greater than that of non-transgenic plants when grown under drought stress conditions. In contrast, the percentage of water loss of the detached leaves from two independent zmrafs mutant lines, incapable of synthesizing raffinose, was greater than that from null segregant controls and this phenomenon was partially rescued by supplementation of raffinose to detached zmrafs leaves. In addition, while there were differences in water loss among different maize lines, there was no difference in stomata density or aperture. Taken together, our work demonstrated that overexpression of the ZmRAFS gene in maize, in contrast to Arabidopsis, increased the raffinose content in leaves, assisted the leaf to retain water, and enhanced the plant drought stress tolerance without causing a detectable growth penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Nan Deng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Lynnette M A Dirk
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - A Bruce Downie
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Tianyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Yang J, Ling C, Liu Y, Zhang H, Hussain Q, Lyu S, Wang S, Liu Y. Genome-Wide Expression Profiling Analysis of Kiwifruit GolS and RFS Genes and Identification of AcRFS4 Function in Raffinose Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168836. [PMID: 36012101 PMCID: PMC9408211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The raffinose synthetase (RFS) and galactinol synthase (GolS) are two critical enzymes for raffinose biosynthesis, which play an important role in modulating plant growth and in response to a variety of biotic or abiotic stresses. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the RFS and GolS gene families and their involvement in abiotic and biotic stresses responses at the genome-wide scale in kiwifruit. A total of 22 GolS and 24 RFS genes were identified in Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia eriantha genomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GolS and RFS genes were clustered into four and six groups, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that abiotic stresses strongly induced some crucial genes members including AcGolS1/2/4/8 and AcRFS2/4/8/11 and their expression levels were further confirmed by qRT-PCR. The GUS staining of AcRFS4Pro::GUS transgenic plants revealed that the transcriptionlevel of AcRFS4 was significantly increased by salt stress. Overexpression of AcRFS4 in Arabidopsis demonstrated that this gene enhanced the raffinose accumulation and the tolerance to salt stress. The co-expression networks analysis of hub transcription factors targeting key AcRFS4 genes indicated that there was a strong correlation between AcNAC30 and AcRFS4 expression under salt stress. Furthermore, the yeast one-hybrid assays showed that AcNAC30 could bind the AcRFS4 promoter directly. These results may provide insights into the evolutionary and functional mechanisms of GolS and RFS genes in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 350002, China
| | - Chengcheng Ling
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 350002, China
| | - Yunyan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 350002, China
| | - Huamin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 350002, China
| | - Quaid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shiheng Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Songhu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 350002, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 350002, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (Y.L.)
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Zhang D, Yang Z, Song X, Zhang F, Liu Y. TMT-based proteomic analysis of liquorice root in response to drought stress. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:524. [PMID: 35854220 PMCID: PMC9297632 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress is a serious threat to land use efficiency and crop yields worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms that plants use to withstand drought stress will help breeders to develop drought-tolerant medicinal crops. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) is an important medicinal crop in the legume family and is currently grown mostly in northwest China, it is highly tolerant to drought. Given this, it is considered an ideal crop to study plant stress tolerance and can be used to identify drought-resistant proteins. Therefore, to understand the effects of drought stress on protein levels of liquorice, we undertook a comparative proteomic analysis of liquorice seedlings grown for 10 days in soil with different relative water content (SRWC of 80%, 65%, 50% and 35%, respectively). We used an integrated approach of Tandem Mass Tag labeling in conjunction with LC-MS/MS. RESULTS A total of 7409 proteins were identified in this study, of which 7305 total proteins could be quantified. There were 837 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) identified after different drought stresses. Compared with CK, 123 DEPs (80 up-regulated and 43 down-regulated) were found in LS; 353 DEPs (254 up-regulated and 99 down-regulated) in MS; and 564 DEPs (312 up-regulated and 252 down-regulated) in SS.The number of differentially expressed proteins increased with increasing water stress, and the number of up-regulated proteins was higher than that of down-regulated proteins in the different drought stress treatments compared with the CK. Used systematic bioinformatics analysis of these data to identify informative proteins we showed that osmolytes such as cottonseed sugars and proline accumulated under light drought stress and improved resistance. Under moderate and severe drought stress, oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and accumulation of glucose and galactose increased in response to drought stress. Under moderate and severe drought stress synthesis of the terpene precursors, pentacene 2,3-epoxide and β-coumarin, was inhibited and accumulation of triterpenoids (glycyrrhetinic acid) was also affected. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a baseline reference for further study of the downstream liquorice proteome in response to drought stress. Our data show that liquorice roots exhibit specific response mechanisms to different drought stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- College of Horticultural and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Wild Peculiar Vegetable Germplasm Resource and Germplasm Enhancement, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China
| | - Zhongren Yang
- College of Horticultural and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China. .,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Wild Peculiar Vegetable Germplasm Resource and Germplasm Enhancement, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- College of Horticultural and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Wild Peculiar Vegetable Germplasm Resource and Germplasm Enhancement, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China
| | - Fenglan Zhang
- College of Horticultural and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Wild Peculiar Vegetable Germplasm Resource and Germplasm Enhancement, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Horticultural and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China.
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10
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The Imbibition of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seeds in Silver Nitrate Reduces Seed Germination, Seedlings Development and Their Metabolic Profile. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141877. [PMID: 35890510 PMCID: PMC9323745 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on plants is accompanied by the occurrence of Ag+ ions, so the research of the effects of both on plants should be related. Therefore, in our study, the effects of Ag NPs suspension (containing Ag0 at 20 mg/L) and AgNO3 solutions (with the concentration of Ag+ ions at 20 and 50 mg/L) on the seed germination and early seedling growth (4 days) of pea (Pisum sativum L.) were compared. Both Ag NPs and AgNO3 did not decrease seed germination, and even stimulated seedling growth. In seedlings developing in the Ag NPs suspension, an increase in monosaccharides, homoserine and malate was noted. In the next experiment, the effect of short-term seed imbibition (8 h) in AgNO3 at elevated concentrations, ranging from 100 to 1000 mg/L, on the further seed germination, seedling growth (in absence of AgNO3) and their polar metabolic profiles were evaluated. The seed imbibition in AgNO3 solutions at 500 and 1000 mg/L reduced seed germination, inhibited seedlings’ growth and caused morphological deformations (twisting and folding of root). The above phytotoxic effects were accompanied by changes in amino acids and soluble carbohydrates profiles, in both sprouts and cotyledons. In deformed sprouts, the content of homoserine and asparagine (major amino acids) decreased, while alanine, glutamic acid, glutamine, proline, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) and sucrose increased. The increase in sucrose coincided with a decrease in glucose and fructose. Sprouts, but not cotyledons, also accumulated malic acid and phosphoric acid. Additionally, cotyledons developed from seeds imbibed with AgNO3 contained raffinose and stachyose, which were not detectable in sprouts and cotyledons of control seedlings. The obtained results suggest the possible disturbances in the mobilization of primary (oligosaccharides) and presumably major storage materials (starch, proteins) as well as in the primary metabolism of developing seedlings.
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11
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de la Fuente Cantó C, Diouf MN, Ndour PMS, Debieu M, Grondin A, Passot S, Champion A, Barrachina C, Pratlong M, Gantet P, Assigbetsé K, Kane N, Cubry P, Diedhiou AG, Heulin T, Achouak W, Vigouroux Y, Cournac L, Laplaze L. Genetic control of rhizosheath formation in pearl millet. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9205. [PMID: 35655088 PMCID: PMC9163325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13234-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizosheath, the layer of soil that adheres strongly to roots, influences water and nutrients acquisition. Pearl millet is a cereal crop that plays a major role for food security in arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa and India. We previously showed that root-adhering soil mass is a heritable trait in pearl millet and that it correlates with changes in rhizosphere microbiota structure and functions. Here, we studied the correlation between root-adhering soil mass and root hair development, root architecture, and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and we analysed the genetic control of this trait using genome wide association (GWAS) combined with bulk segregant analysis and gene expression studies. Root-adhering soil mass was weakly correlated only to root hairs traits in pearl millet. Twelve QTLs for rhizosheath formation were identified by GWAS. Bulk segregant analysis on a biparental population validated five of these QTLs. Combining genetics with a comparison of global gene expression in the root tip of contrasted inbred lines revealed candidate genes that might control rhizosheath formation in pearl millet. Our study indicates that rhizosheath formation is under complex genetic control in pearl millet and suggests that it is mainly regulated by root exudation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M N Diouf
- Eco&Sols, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire Mixte International Intensification Écologique Des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de L'Ouest (IESOL), Dakar, Senegal.,Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté Des Sciences Et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - P M S Ndour
- Eco&Sols, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire Mixte International Intensification Écologique Des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de L'Ouest (IESOL), Dakar, Senegal
| | - M Debieu
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - A Grondin
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation Des Plantes Et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de recherche de Bel-Air, Dakar, Senegal.,CERAAS, Thiès, Senegal
| | - S Passot
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - A Champion
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - M Pratlong
- Montpellier GenomiX, Montpellier, France
| | - P Gantet
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - K Assigbetsé
- Eco&Sols, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire Mixte International Intensification Écologique Des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de L'Ouest (IESOL), Dakar, Senegal
| | - N Kane
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation Des Plantes Et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de recherche de Bel-Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - P Cubry
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - A G Diedhiou
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation Des Plantes Et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de recherche de Bel-Air, Dakar, Senegal.,Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté Des Sciences Et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - T Heulin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LEMiRE, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere, ECCOREV FR 3098, 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - W Achouak
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LEMiRE, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere, ECCOREV FR 3098, 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Y Vigouroux
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - L Cournac
- Eco&Sols, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - L Laplaze
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France. .,Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation Des Plantes Et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de recherche de Bel-Air, Dakar, Senegal.
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12
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Cheng H, Kong W, Tang T, Ren K, Zhang K, Wei H, Lin T. Identification of Key Gene Networks Controlling Soluble Sugar and Organic Acid Metabolism During Oriental Melon Fruit Development by Integrated Analysis of Metabolic and Transcriptomic Analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:830517. [PMID: 35646021 PMCID: PMC9135470 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.830517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oriental melon (Cucumis melo var. acidulus) is one of the most economically important fruit crops worldwide. To elucidate the molecular basis related to soluble sugar and organic acid metabolism in the fruits of two oriental melon cultivars with different sweetness, we performed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the fruits of 'Tianbao' (A) with high sweetness and 'Xiaocuigua' (B) with low sweetness at different ripening stages. The high accumulation of sucrose, D-glucose, D-(+)-raffinose, and the relatively lower citric acid and malic acid might contribute to the sweet taste of A. By screening the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and correlation analysis of the DEGs and differentially accumulated metabolites, we deduced that the B cultivar might promote the conversion of glucose and fructose into intermediate compounds for downstream processes such as glycolysis. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle might also be enhanced compared to A, thus resulting in the differential accumulation of soluble sugars and organic acids, ultimately causing the taste difference between the two oriental melon cultivars. Our finding provides important information for further exploring the metabolic mechanisms of soluble sugars and organic acids in oriental melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weiping Kong
- Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Taoxia Tang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kaili Ren
- Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huxia Wei
- Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Lin
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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Morin A, Maurousset L, Vriet C, Lemoine R, Doidy J, Pourtau N. Carbon fluxes and environmental interactions during legume development, with a specific focus on Pisum sativum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13729. [PMID: 35662039 PMCID: PMC9328368 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes are major food crops cultivated worldwide for their seeds with high nutritional content. To answer the growing concern about food safety and protein autonomy, legume cultivation must increase in the coming years. In parallel, current agricultural practices are facing environmental challenges, including global temperature increase and more frequent and severe episodes of drought stress. Crop yield directly relies on carbon allocation and is particularly affected by these global changes. We review the current knowledge on source-sink relationships and carbon resource allocation at all developmental stages, from germination to vegetative growth and seed production in grain legumes, focusing on pea (Pisum sativum). We also discuss how these source-sink relationships and carbon fluxes are influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. Major agronomic traits, including seed yield and quality, are particularly impacted by drought, temperatures, salinity, waterlogging, or pathogens and can be improved through the promotion of beneficial soil microorganisms or through optimized plant carbon resource allocation. Altogether, our review highlights the need for a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating carbon fluxes from source leaves to sink organs, roots, and seeds. These advancements will further improve our understanding of yield stability and stress tolerance and contribute to the selection of climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Morin
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions"PoitiersFrance
| | - Laurence Maurousset
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions"PoitiersFrance
| | - Cécile Vriet
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions"PoitiersFrance
| | - Rémi Lemoine
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions"PoitiersFrance
| | - Joan Doidy
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions"PoitiersFrance
| | - Nathalie Pourtau
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions"PoitiersFrance
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14
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Lahuta LB, Szablińska-Piernik J, Horbowicz M. Changes in Metabolic Profiles of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) as a Result of Repeated Short-Term Soil Drought and Subsequent Re-Watering. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1704. [PMID: 35163626 PMCID: PMC8836265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic re-arrangements of peas (Pisum sativum L.) under soil drought and re-watering are still not fully explained. The search for metabolic markers of the stress response is important in breeding programs, to allow for the selection drought-resistant cultivars. During the present study, changes in the polar metabolite content in pea plant shoots were measured under repeated short-term soil drought and subsequent re-watering. A gas chromatograph, equipped with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS), was used for the metabolite profiling of pea plants during their middle stage of vegetation (14-34 days after sowing, DAS). The major changes occurred in the concentration of amino acids and some soluble carbohydrates. Among them, proline, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), branched-chain amino acids, hydroxyproline, serine, myo-inositol, and raffinose were accumulated under each soil drought and decreased after re-watering. Besides, the obtained results show that the first drought/re-watering cycle increased the ability of pea plants to restore a metabolic profile similar to the control after the second similar stress. The accumulation of proline seems to be an important part of drought memory in pea plants. However, confirmation of this suggestion requires metabolite profiling studies on a broader spectrum of pea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesław Bernard Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103A, 10719 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.S.-P.); (M.H.)
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15
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Cui R, Wang X, Malik WA, Lu X, Chen X, Wang D, Wang J, Wang S, Chen C, Guo L, Chen Q, Ye W. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Raffinose synthetase family in cotton. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:356. [PMID: 34187353 PMCID: PMC8243485 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Raffinose synthetase (RAFS) genes superfamily is critical for the synthesis of raffinose, which accumulates in plant leaves under abiotic stress. However, it remains unclear whether RAFS contributes to resistance to abiotic stress in plants, specifically in the Gossypium species. Results In this study, we identified 74 RAFS genes from G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum and G. raimondii by using a series of bioinformatic methods. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the RAFS gene family in the four Gossypium species could be divided into four major clades; the relatively uniform distribution of the gene number in each species ranged from 12 to 25 based on species ploidy, most likely resulting from an ancient whole-genome polyploidization. Gene motif analysis showed that the RAFS gene structure was relatively conservative. Promoter analysis for cis-regulatory elements showed that some RAFS genes might be regulated by gibberellins and abscisic acid, which might influence their expression levels. Moreover, we further examined the functions of RAFS under cold, heat, salt and drought stress conditions, based on the expression profile and co-expression network of RAFS genes in Gossypium species. Transcriptome analysis suggested that RAFS genes in clade III are highly expressed in organs such as seed, root, cotyledon, ovule and fiber, and under abiotic stress in particular, indicating the involvement of genes belonging to clade III in resistance to abiotic stress. Gene co-expressed network analysis showed that GhRFS2A-GhRFS6A, GhRFS6D, GhRFS7D and GhRFS8A-GhRFS11A were key genes, with high expression levels under salt, drought, cold and heat stress. Conclusion The findings may provide insights into the evolutionary relationships and expression patterns of RAFS genes in Gossypium species and a theoretical basis for the identification of stress resistance materials in cotton. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-021-04276-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Cui
- College of Agriculture / Xinjiang Agricultural University / Xinjiang Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.,College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Waqar Afzal Malik
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Delong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lixue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Quanjia Chen
- College of Agriculture / Xinjiang Agricultural University / Xinjiang Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Wuwei Ye
- College of Agriculture / Xinjiang Agricultural University / Xinjiang Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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16
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Szablińska-Piernik J, Lahuta LB. Metabolite profiling of semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum L.) under progressive soil drought and subsequent re-watering. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 256:153314. [PMID: 33197828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars at the vegetative stage of growth were exposed to progressive soil drought, which lasted for 18 days until the plants began to wilt, after which a 7-day period of the recovery from stress followed, when plant watering was resumed. The soil drought negatively affected plant growth, slowing down the rate of shoot elongation, decreasing the accumulation of fresh and dry weight, inhibiting the development of new leaves, and delaying the flowering of plants. Changes in the levels of 41 polar metabolites (identified by GC-MS) were established by the GC-FID method in the shoot tip, stem, stipules and tendrils, separately. Drought caused re-arrangement in the metabolism in all parts of the pea shoot, leading to a significant increase in the content of total polar metabolites. Although changes in most metabolites in the same parts of shoot were not identical among the pea cultivars studied, some metabolites were uniformly accumulated until 18th day of drought and decreased after recovery. They were i) proline and malate in all, while myo-inositol in most parts of shoot (of all the pea cultivars), ii) sucrose and glycine in the shoot tip, iii) homoserine in the stem and iv) GABA in stipules. These findings signify that the pea adjustment to progressive soil drought includes both accumulation of osmolytes and osmoprotectants and translocation of some of them (proline, sucrose, myo-inositol) to the shoot tip, thereby protecting the youngest tissues from damage caused by water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lesław B Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
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17
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Kanojia A, Gupta S, Benina M, Fernie AR, Mueller-Roeber B, Gechev T, Dijkwel PP. Developmentally controlled changes during Arabidopsis leaf development indicate causes for loss of stress tolerance with age. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6340-6354. [PMID: 32720687 PMCID: PMC7586751 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development and is induced by the gradual occurrence of age-related changes (ARCs). The process of leaf senescence has been well described, but the cellular events leading to this process are still poorly understood. By analysis of progressively ageing, but not yet senescing, Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves, we aimed to better understand processes occurring prior to the onset of senescence. Using gene expression analysis, we found that as leaves mature, genes responding to oxidative stress and genes involved in stress hormone biosynthesis and signalling were up-regulated. A decrease in primary metabolites that provide protection against oxidative stress was a possible explanation for the increased stress signature. The gene expression and metabolomics changes occurred concomitantly to a decrease in drought, salinity, and dark stress tolerance of individual leaves. Importantly, stress-related genes showed elevated expression in the early ageing mutant old5 and decreased expression in the delayed ageing mutant ore9. We propose that the decreased stress tolerance with age results from the occurrence of senescence-inducing ARCs that is integrated into the leaf developmental programme, and that this ensures a timely and certain death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakansha Kanojia
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Maria Benina
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tsanko Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Paul P Dijkwel
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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18
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Li T, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li X, Hao G, Han Q, Dirk LMA, Downie AB, Ruan YL, Wang J, Wang G, Zhao T. Raffinose synthase enhances drought tolerance through raffinose synthesis or galactinol hydrolysis in maize and Arabidopsis plants. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8064-8077. [PMID: 32366461 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Raffinose and its precursor galactinol accumulate in plant leaves during abiotic stress. RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE (RAFS) catalyzes raffinose formation by transferring a galactosyl group of galactinol to sucrose. However, whether RAFS contributes to plant drought tolerance and, if so, by what mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we report that expression of RAFS from maize (or corn, Zea mays) (ZmRAFS) is induced by drought, heat, cold, and salinity stresses. We found that zmrafs mutant maize plants completely lack raffinose and hyper-accumulate galactinol and are more sensitive to drought stress than the corresponding null-segregant (NS) plants. This indicated that ZmRAFS and its product raffinose contribute to plant drought tolerance. ZmRAFS overexpression in Arabidopsis enhanced drought stress tolerance by increasing myo-inositol levels via ZmRAFS-mediated galactinol hydrolysis in the leaves due to sucrose insufficiency in leaf cells and also enhanced raffinose synthesis in the seeds. Supplementation of sucrose to detached leaves converted ZmRAFS from hydrolyzing galactinol to synthesizing raffinose. Taken together, we demonstrate that ZmRAFS enhances plant drought tolerance through either raffinose synthesis or galactinol hydrolysis, depending on sucrose availability in plant cells. These results provide new avenues to improve plant drought stress tolerance through manipulation of the raffinose anabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xudong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanglong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinghui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lynnette M A Dirk
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - A Bruce Downie
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China .,The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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19
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Rathi D, Gayali S, Pareek A, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N. Transcriptome profiling illustrates expression signatures of dehydration tolerance in developing grasspea seedlings. PLANTA 2019; 250:839-855. [PMID: 30627890 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-03082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights dehydration-mediated temporal changes in physicochemical, transcriptome and metabolome profiles indicating altered gene expression and metabolic shifts, underlying endurance and adaptation to stress tolerance in the marginalized crop, grasspea. Grasspea, often regarded as an orphan legume, is recognized to be fairly tolerant to water-deficit stress. In the present study, 3-week-old grasspea seedlings were subjected to dehydration by withholding water over a period of 144 h. While there were no detectable phenotypic changes in the seedlings till 48 h, the symptoms appeared during 72 h and aggravated upon prolonged dehydration. The physiological responses to water-deficit stress during 72-96 h displayed a decrease in pigments, disruption in membrane integrity and osmotic imbalance. We evaluated the temporal effects of dehydration at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. In total, 5201 genes of various functional classes including transcription factors, cytoplasmic enzymes and structural cell wall proteins, among others, were found to be dehydration-responsive. Further, metabolome profiling revealed 59 dehydration-responsive metabolites including sugar alcohols and amino acids. Despite the lack of genome information of grasspea, the time course of physicochemical and molecular responses suggest a synchronized dehydration response. The cross-species comparison of the transcriptomes and metabolomes with other legumes provides evidence for marked molecular diversity. We propose a hypothetical model that highlights novel biomarkers and explain their relevance in dehydration-response, which would facilitate targeted breeding and aid in commencing crop improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rathi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Saurabh Gayali
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Akanksha Pareek
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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20
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Hu L, Zhou K, Li Y, Chen X, Liu B, Li C, Gong X, Ma F. Exogenous myo-inositol alleviates salinity-induced stress in Malus hupehensis Rehd. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 133:116-126. [PMID: 30399545 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Myo-inositol mediates various physiological processes and stress responses. Here, we investigated its role in Malus hupehensis Rehd. plants when grown hydroponically under saline conditions. Salt-stressed plants showed reduced growth and marked declines in photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll concentrations. However, pretreatment with 50 μM myo-inositol significantly alleviated those inhibitions and enabled plants to maintain their photosynthetic capacity. In addition to changing stomatal behavior, exogenous myo-inositol inhibited ROS accumulation and Na+ uptake. In contrast, activities of antioxidant systems were enhanced, and expression was elevated for genes involved in Na+ uptake (e.g., HKT1, NHX1, SOS1, and SOS2). This exogenous application also provoked the accumulation of sugars or sugar alcohols, which partially contributed to the maintenance of osmotic balance, and the scavenging of ROS, either directly or indirectly. In summary, myo-inositol appears to alleviate the salt-induced inhibition of physiological processes for M. hupehensis, not only by supporting the plant's antioxidant defense system but also by mediating Na+ and K+ homeostasis and the osmotic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yangtiansu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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21
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Jing Y, Lang S, Wang D, Xue H, Wang XF. Functional characterization of galactinol synthase and raffinose synthase in desiccation tolerance acquisition in developing Arabidopsis seeds. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 230:109-121. [PMID: 30368031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) accumulate during seed development, and have been thought to be associated with the acquisition of desiccation tolerance (DT) by seeds. Here, comprehensive approaches were adopted to evaluate the changes of DT in developing Arabidopsis seeds of wild type, overexpression (OX-AtGS1/GS2/RS5), and mutant lines by manipulating the expression levels of the GALACTINOL SYNTHASE (GS) and RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE (RS) genes. Our results indicate that seeds of the double mutant (gs1, gs2) and rs5 delayed the timing of DT acquisition as compared to wild type. Subsequent detection confirmed that seeds from OX-AtGS1/GS2 plants with high levels of galactinol, raffinose, and stachyose, and OX-AtRS5 plants possess more raffinose and stachyose but less galactinol compared to wild type. These lines all showed greater germination percentage and shorter time to 50% germination after desiccation treatment at 11 and 15 days after flower (DAF). Further analysis revealed that the role of RFOs is time limited and mainly affects the middle stage (9-16 DAF) of seed development by enhancing seed viability and the ratio of GSH to GSSH in cells, but there is no significant difference in DT of mature seeds. In addition, RFOs could reduce damage to seeds caused by oxidative stress. We conclude that GALACTINOL SYNTHASE and RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE play important roles in DT acquisition during Arabidopsis seed development, and that galactinol and RFOs are crucial protective compounds in the response of seeds to desiccation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Jing
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Sirui Lang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, Ministry of Education, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hua Xue
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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22
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Salvi P, Kamble NU, Majee M. Stress-Inducible Galactinol Synthase of Chickpea (CaGolS) is Implicated in Heat and Oxidative Stress Tolerance Through Reducing Stress-Induced Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:155-166. [PMID: 29121266 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) participate in various aspects of plant physiology, and galactinol synthase (GolS; EC 2.4.1.123) catalyzes the key step of RFO biosynthesis. Stress-induced accumulation of RFOs, in particular galactinol and raffinose, has been reported in a few plants; however, their precise role and mechanistic insight in stress adaptation remain elusive. In the present study, we have shown that the GolS activity as well as galactinol and raffinose content are significantly increased in response to various abiotic stresses in chickpea. Transcriptional analysis indicated that the CaGolS1 and CaGolS2 genes are induced in response to different abiotic stresses. Interestingly, heat and oxidative stress preferentially induce CaGolS1 over CaGolS2. In silco analysis revealed several common yet distinct cis-acting regulatory elements in their 5'-upstream regulatory sequences. Further, in vitro biochemical analysis revealed that the CaGolS1 enzyme functions better in stressful conditions than the CaGolS2 enzyme. Finally, Arabidopsis transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing CaGolS1 or CaGolS2 exhibit not only significantly increased galactinol but also raffinose content, and display better growth responses than wild-type or vector control plants when exposed to heat and oxidative stress. Further, improved tolerance of transgenic lines is associated with reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent lipid peroxidation as compared with control plants. Collectively, our data imply that GolS enzyme activity and consequent galactinol and raffinose content are significantly increased in response to stresses to mitigate stress-induced growth inhibition by restricting excessive ROS accumulation and consequent lipid peroxidation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Salvi
- MM LAB, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nitin Uttam Kamble
- MM LAB, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- MM LAB, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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23
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Li T, Zhang Y, Wang D, Liu Y, Dirk LMA, Goodman J, Downie AB, Wang J, Wang G, Zhao T. Regulation of Seed Vigor by Manipulation of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides in Maize and Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1540-1555. [PMID: 29122666 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) accumulate in seeds during maturation desiccation in many plant species. However, it remains unclear whether RFOs have a role in establishing seed vigor. GALACTINOL SYNTHASE (GOLS), RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE (RS), and STACHYOSE SYNTHASE (STS) are the enzymes responsible for RFO biosynthesis in plants. Interestingly, only raffinose is detected in maize seeds, and a unique maize RS gene (ZmRS) was identified. In this study, we found that two independent mutator (Mu)-interrupted zmrs lines, containing no raffinose but hyperaccumulating galactinol, have significantly reduced seed vigor, compared with null segregant controls. Unlike maize, Arabidopsis thaliana seeds contain several RFOs (raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose). Manipulation of A. thaliana RFO content by overexpressing ZmGOLS2, ZmRS, or AtSTS demonstrated that co-overexpression of ZmGOLS2 and ZmRS, or overexpression of ZmGOLS2 alone, significantly increased the total content of RFOs and enhanced Arabidopsis seed vigor. Surprisingly, while overexpression of ZmRS increased seed raffinose content, its overexpression dramatically decreased seed vigor and reduced the seed amounts of galactinol, stachyose, and verbascose. In contrast, the atrs5 mutant seeds are similar to those of the wild type with regard to seed vigor and RFO content, except for stachyose, which accumulated in atrs5 seeds. Total RFOs, RFO/sucrose ratio, but not absolute individual RFO amounts, positively correlated with A. thaliana seed vigor, to which stachyose and verbascose contribute more than raffinose. Taken together, these results provide new insights into regulatory mechanisms of seed vigor and reveal distinct requirement for RFOs in modulating seed vigor in a monocot and a dicot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lynnette M A Dirk
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Jack Goodman
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - A Bruce Downie
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tianyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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24
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Chen L, Ma H, Ruan Y, Xu T, Xu C, He Y, Qi M. Molecular cloning and expression of an encoding galactinol synthase gene (AnGolS1) in seedling of Ammopiptanthus nanus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36113. [PMID: 27786294 PMCID: PMC5081558 DOI: 10.1038/srep36113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the galactinol synthase (AnGolS1) fragment sequence from a cold-induced Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) library derived from Ammopiptanthus nanus (A. nanus) seedlings, AnGolS1 mRNA (including the 5' UTR and 3' UTR) (GenBank accession number: GU942748) was isolated and characterized by rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR). A substrate reaction test revealed that AnGolS1 possessed galactinol synthase activity in vitro and could potentially be an early-responsive gene. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated that AnGolS1 was responded to cold, salts and drought stresses, however, significantly up-regulated in all origans by low temperatures, especially in plant stems. In addition, the hybridization signals in the fascicular cambium were strongest in all cells under low temperature. Thus, we propose that AnGolS1 plays critical roles in A. nanus low-temperature stress resistance and that fascicular cambium cells could be involved in AnGolS1 mRNA transcription, galactinol transportation and coordination under low-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuDong Liu
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Suround Bohai Gulf Region, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China
| | - LiJing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China
| | - YanYe Ruan
- Liaoning Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Suround Bohai Gulf Region, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China
| | - ChuanQiang Xu
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Suround Bohai Gulf Region, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China
| | - Yi He
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China
| | - MingFang Qi
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Suround Bohai Gulf Region, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, P.R. China
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25
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Song C, Chung WS, Lim CO. Overexpression of Heat Shock Factor Gene HsfA3 Increases Galactinol Levels and Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Mol Cells 2016; 39:477-83. [PMID: 27109422 PMCID: PMC4916399 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factors (Hsfs) are central regulators of abiotic stress responses, especially heat stress responses, in plants. In the current study, we characterized the activity of the Hsf gene HsfA3 in Arabidopsis under oxidative stress conditions. HsfA3 transcription in seedlings was induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and an endogenous H2O2 propagator, 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB). HsfA3-overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited increased oxidative stress tolerance compared to untransformed wild-type plants (WT), as revealed by changes in fresh weight, chlorophyll fluorescence, and ion leakage under light conditions. The expression of several genes encoding galactinol synthase (GolS), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), which function as antioxidants in plant cells, was induced in HsfA3 overexpressors. In addition, galactinol levels were higher in HsfA3 overexpressors than in WT under unstressed conditions. In transient transactivation assays using Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts, HsfA3 activated the transcription of a reporter gene driven by the GolS1 or GolS2 promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that GolS1 and GolS2 are directly regulated by HsfA3. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that GolS1 and GolS2 are directly regulated by HsfA3 and that GolS enzymes play an important role in improving oxidative stress tolerance by increasing galactinol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieun Song
- Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
| | - Woo Sik Chung
- Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
| | - Chae Oh Lim
- Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
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26
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Sahebi M, Hanafi MM, Azizi P, Hakim A, Ashkani S, Abiri R. Suppression Subtractive Hybridization Versus Next-Generation Sequencing in Plant Genetic Engineering: Challenges and Perspectives. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 57:880-903. [PMID: 26271955 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) is an effective method to identify different genes with different expression levels involved in a variety of biological processes. This method has often been used to study molecular mechanisms of plants in complex relationships with different pathogens and a variety of biotic stresses. Compared to other techniques used in gene expression profiling, SSH needs relatively smaller amounts of the initial materials, with lower costs, and fewer false positives present within the results. Extraction of total RNA from plant species rich in phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and polysaccharides that easily bind to nucleic acids through cellular mechanisms is difficult and needs to be considered. Remarkable advancement has been achieved in the next-generation sequencing (NGS) field. As a result of progress within fields related to molecular chemistry and biology as well as specialized engineering, parallelization in the sequencing reaction has exceptionally enhanced the overall read number of generated sequences per run. Currently available sequencing platforms support an earlier unparalleled view directly into complex mixes associated with RNA in addition to DNA samples. NGS technology has demonstrated the ability to sequence DNA with remarkable swiftness, therefore allowing previously unthinkable scientific accomplishments along with novel biological purposes. However, the massive amounts of data generated by NGS impose a substantial challenge with regard to data safe-keeping and analysis. This review examines some simple but vital points involved in preparing the initial material for SSH and introduces this method as well as its associated applications to detect different novel genes from different plant species. This review evaluates general concepts, basic applications, plus the probable results of NGS technology in genomics, with unique mention of feasible potential tools as well as bioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbod Sahebi
- Laboratory of Plantation Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,
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27
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Gangola MP, Jaiswal S, Kannan U, Gaur PM, Båga M, Chibbar RN. Galactinol synthase enzyme activity influences raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) accumulation in developing chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 125:88-98. [PMID: 26953100 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To understand raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) metabolism in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds, RFO accumulation and corresponding biosynthetic enzymes activities were determined during seed development of chickpea genotypes with contrasting RFO concentrations. RFO concentration in mature seeds was found as a facilitator rather than a regulating step of seed germination. In mature seeds, raffinose concentrations ranged from 0.38 to 0.68 and 0.75 to 0.99 g/100 g, whereas stachyose concentrations varied from 0.79 to 1.26 and 1.70 to 1.87 g/100 g indicating significant differences between low and high RFO genotypes, respectively. Chickpea genotypes with high RFO concentration accumulated higher concentrations of myo-inositol and sucrose during early seed developmental stages suggesting that initial substrate concentrations may influence RFO concentration in mature seeds. High RFO genotypes showed about two to three-fold higher activity for all RFO biosynthetic enzymes compared to those with low RFO concentrations. RFO biosynthetic enzymes activities correspond with accumulation of individual RFO during seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu P Gangola
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Sarita Jaiswal
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Udhaya Kannan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Pooran M Gaur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid-Tropics, Patancheru near Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Monica Båga
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Ravindra N Chibbar
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
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Filiz E, Ozyigit II, Vatansever R. Genome-wide identification of galactinol synthase (GolS) genes in Solanum lycopersicum and Brachypodium distachyon. Comput Biol Chem 2015; 58:149-57. [PMID: 26232767 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
GolS genes stand as potential candidate genes for molecular breeding and/or engineering programs in order for improving abiotic stress tolerance in plant species. In this study, a total of six galactinol synthase (GolS) genes/proteins were retrieved for Solanum lycopersicum and Brachypodium distachyon. GolS protein sequences were identified to include glyco_transf_8 (PF01501) domain structure, and to have a close molecular weight (36.40-39.59kDa) and amino acid length (318-347 aa) with a slightly acidic pI (5.35-6.40). The sub-cellular location was mainly predicted as cytoplasmic. S. lycopersicum genes located on chr 1 and 2, and included one segmental duplication while genes of B. distachyon were only on chr 1 with one tandem duplication. GolS sequences were found to have well conserved motif structures. Cis-acting analysis was performed for three abiotic stress responsive elements, including ABA responsive element (ABRE), dehydration and cold responsive elements (DRE/CRT) and low-temperature responsive element (LTRE). ABRE elements were found in all GolS genes, except for SlGolS4; DRE/CRT was not detected in any GolS genes and LTRE element found in SlGolS1 and BdGolS1 genes. AU analysis in UTR and ORF regions indicated that SlGolS and BdGolS mRNAs may have a short half-life. SlGolS3 and SlGolS4 genes may generate more stable transcripts since they included AATTAAA motif for polyadenylation signal POLASIG2. Seconder structures of SlGolS proteins were well conserved than that of BdGolS. Some structural divergences were detected in 3D structures and predicted binding sites exhibited various patterns in GolS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ertugrul Filiz
- Duzce University, Department of Crop and Animal Production, Cilimli Vocational School, 81750 Cilimli, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit
- Marmara University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 34722 Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Recep Vatansever
- Marmara University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 34722 Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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