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Katsumata Y, Okano T, Takeshima T, Igarashi Y. Exploring factors associated with increased suicides during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A study using data from postmortem examinations conducted in an urban area. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2024; 3:e70005. [PMID: 39224899 PMCID: PMC11366773 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.70005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study is to examine factors associated with increased suicide deaths during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan using primary data from postmortem examinations. Methods We explored factors associated with suicides that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic (February 2020 to December 2021) using data from 115 postmortem examinations of suicides that occurred in one city in the Kanto region between January 2017 and December 2021. Results Multivariate analysis using graphical modelling and logistic regression analysis showed that both female sex (adjusted odds ratio: 3.732; 95% confidence interval: 1.044-13.345) and multiple mental disorders (adjusted odds ratio: 7.344; 95% confidence interval: 1.316-40.987) were significantly associated with suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic among the young age group (39 years or under). Conclusion The study results suggest that in addition to the factor of female sex previously identified, morbidity due to multiple mental disorders may be associated with the increased suicides in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this study presented the new methodological possibility of analyzing background factors of suicide using postmortem examination data. In preparation for similar emergencies in the future, it is necessary to establish a system that provides care for multiple mental disorders and a continuous suicide-monitoring system that combines methods such as psychological autopsies with other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotaro Katsumata
- Department of Human and Social SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | | | - Yuka Igarashi
- Department of Human and Social SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyoJapan
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Zhou L, Yu Y, Liu B, Zhou LF, Sheng J, Zhang XF, Deng XP, Ran MS. Non-suicidal self-injury among youth students during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of psychological factors in Jingzhou, China. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1446727. [PMID: 39234618 PMCID: PMC11371714 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1446727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among youth students, and the mediating role of psychological factors in the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and NSSI. Method An online survey was conducted at junior and senior high schools, as well as universities located in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China between June 2021 and January 2022. The COVID-19 Impact Index was constructed using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) method. The bootstrapping method was used for mediation analysis. Results A total of 16025 youth participated in the study and 12507 youth (78.1%) finished the questionnaires. The COVID-19 Impact Index had a significantly positive effect on NSSI (r=0.16, p<0.001). The mediation analysis results showed that the COVID-19 Impact Index had a significant indirect effect on youth' NSSI (β=0.0918, 95% CI [0.0788, 0.1048]), and this indirect effect was mainly achieved through affecting youth' anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The mediation effect of anxiety on NSSI was 0.0584, the direct effect was 0.0334, and the mediation proportion was 63.6%. The mediation effect of depression on NSSI was 0.0668, the direct effect was 0.0250, and the mediation proportion was 72.8%. The mediation effect of PTSD on NSSI was 0.0640, the direct effect was 0.0278, and the mediation proportion was 69.7%. All the mediation effects, direct effects and total effects were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion The higher the impact of the COVID-19 Impact Index, the higher the prevalence of NSSI among youth students. Anxiety, depression and PTSD had mediated the relationship between the COVID-19 Impact Index and NSSI. It is suggested that specific health policies, mental health services and interventions should be developed to reduce the NSSI and improve mental health status among youth students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zhou
- Mental Health Center of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Jingzhou Rongjun Special Care Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Mental Health Center of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Jingzhou Rongjun Special Care Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Mental Health Center of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Jingzhou Rongjun Special Care Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Fang Zhou
- Mental Health Center of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Jingzhou Rongjun Special Care Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Sheng
- Mental Health Center of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Jingzhou Rongjun Special Care Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | | | - Xiao-Peng Deng
- Mental Health Center of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Jingzhou Rongjun Special Care Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Faro A, Lisboa W, Silva-Ferraz BF, Falk D. Non-suicidal self-injury in the COVID-19 pandemic: results from cross-sectional surveys among Brazilian adults from 2020 to 2023. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1357710. [PMID: 39114596 PMCID: PMC11305180 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1357710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The multilevel psychosocial stressors associated with COVID-19 pandemic set the stage to investigate risk factors and groups susceptible for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). A national sample of 9,929 Brazilian adults aged 36.1 years on average participated in the study. Cross-sectional data were collected in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023. NSSI levels were considered high in the total sample (13.2%) when compared to other studies in this context. The variables with the highest explanatory power in the regression models were age, anxiety, and depression. The main risk factors were being younger, living in the South or Southeast regions of Brazil, having lower educational attainment, and having higher rates of anxiety and depression. Respondents had the highest probability of NSSI in 2022. The sustained higher rates of NSSI in 2023 compared to the beginning of the pandemic underscores the need for continuous monitoring and the development of preventive actions for self-injurious behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Faro
- Health Psychology Laboratory (GEPPS), Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Walter Lisboa
- Clinical and Health Psychology Laboratory (NEPCS), Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Brenda F. Silva-Ferraz
- Health Psychology Laboratory (GEPPS), Psychology Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Derek Falk
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Chen Y, Ke X, Liu J, Du J, Zhang J, Jiang X, Zhou T, Xiao X. Trends and factors influencing the mental health of college students in the post-pandemic: four consecutive cross-sectional surveys. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1387983. [PMID: 39086428 PMCID: PMC11288898 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1387983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The long-term impact of COVID-19 on the mental health and well-being of college students, specifically trends over time after full removal of COVID-19 restrictions, has not been well-studied. Methods Four consecutive cross-sectional surveys were conducted in December 2022 (N = 689), March 2023 (N = 456), June 2023 (N = 300), and November 2023 (N = 601) at a university in Sichuan Province, China. Results The proportion of students with COVID-19 panic decreased from 95.1 to 77.3% (p < 0.001). The prevalence of moderate anxiety and above decreased from 18 to 13.6% (p < 0.001), and the prevalence of moderate and above depression decreased from 33.1 to 28.1% (p < 0.001), while the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increased from 21.5 to 29.6% (p < 0.005). Further, the proportion of suicidal thoughts increased from 7.7 to 14.8% (p < 0.001). Suicidal thoughts and self-injuries were significantly associated with COVID-19 panic, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Students who reported being in close contact with COVID-19 patients in the past were more likely to develop PTSD. Further, COVID-19-induced panic was a risk factor for self-injury. Conclusion One year after the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall mental health of college students was not optimal. Hence, we can conclude that the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on the mental health of college students may have already occurred. To mitigate this impact and prepare for the next major public health event, strengthening college students' mental health curricula and promoting healthy behaviors among college students should be a priority for universities and education authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhai Chen
- Primary Health Care Research Centre, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiong Ke
- Primary Health Care Research Centre, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | | | - Jun Du
- Department of Foreign Languages and Cultures, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Primary Health Care Research Centre, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Primary Health Care Research Centre, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
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Junger N, Hirsch O. Ethics of Nudging in the COVID-19 Crisis and the Necessary Return to the Principles of Shared Decision Making: A Critical Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e57960. [PMID: 38601812 PMCID: PMC11005480 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nudging, a controversial technique for modifying people's behavior in a predictable way, is claimed to preserve freedom of choice while simultaneously influencing it. Nudging had been largely confined to situations such as promoting healthy eating choices but has been employed in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in a shift towards measures that involve significantly less choice, such as shoves and behavioral prods. Shared decision making (SDM), a method for direct involvement and autonomy, is an alternative approach to communicate risk. Predominantly peer-reviewed scientific publications from standard literature databases like PubMed, PsycInfo, and Psyndex were evaluated in a narrative review. The so-called fear nudges, as well as the dissemination of strongly emotionalizing or moralizing messages can lead to intense psycho-physical stress. The use of these nudges by specialized units during the COVID-19 pandemic generated a societal atmosphere of fear that precipitated a deterioration of the mental and physical health of the population. Major recommendations of the German COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) study, which are based on elements of nudging and coercive measures, do not comply with ethical principles, basic psychological principles, or evidence-based data. SDM was misused in the COVID-19 crisis, which helped to achieve one-sided goals of governments. The emphasis on utilitarian thinking is criticized and the unethical behavior of decision makers is explained by both using the concept of moral disengagement and the maturity level of coping strategies. There should be a return to an open-ended, democratic, and pluralistic scientific debate without using nudges. It is therefore necessary to return to the origins of SDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Junger
- Psychology, Independent Researcher, Tübingen, DEU
| | - Oliver Hirsch
- Psychology, FOM University of Applied Sciences, Siegen, DEU
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Tatnell R, Terhaag S, Melvin G. Covid-19 Lockdown and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: A Mixed Methods Analysis of NSSI During Australia's National Lockdown. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:279-294. [PMID: 36594357 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2155279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Covid-19 global pandemic has meant large parts of the world's population have been isolated from others for often months at a time due to lockdown measures to stop the spread. The effects of isolation can be damaging and increase risk of self-injury (NSSI) and suicide. We examined the effects of the first Australian national lockdown on NSSI urges and behavior. METHOD We asked 345 people with current or past lived experience of NSSI both quantitative and qualitative questions about how their urges and behavior changed during lockdown and assessed how changes were related to demographic variables including work and living conditions. RESULTS Women, socially disadvantaged and unemployed people were at greater risk of increased NSSI urges and behavior. Social connection was important, with both quantitative and qualitative responses indicating that for some, decreased social anxiety and social pressures was related to a reduction in NSSI, whereas for others the lack of social connection and engagement was associated with worsening urges and behaviors. CONCLUSION Lockdown had mixed impacts on people with lived experience of NSSI, with most reporting no change or a decrease to urges and behavior, however, for socially disadvantaged people in particular, lockdown lead to worsening urges and behavior and even relapse. Future research might examine these effects longitudinally and with greater focus on intersectionality.HighlightsIdentified NSSI risk/protective factors, and an understanding of lived experienceLockdowns have mixed impacts, some people decreased, some increased NSSISocial connection plays an important role in NSSI engagement and reduction.
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Jones AA, Hard G, Gray J, Apsley HB, Santos-Lozada AR. The Role of Substance Use Disorders on Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts: A Nationally Representative Study of Adolescents and Adults in the United States, 2020. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231216233. [PMID: 38115827 PMCID: PMC10729622 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231216233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Few nationally representative studies examine suicidality and substance use during 2020; as such, we explored the role of substance use disorders (SUDs) on suicidality among adults and adolescents in 2020. Data were derived from N = 26,084 adult participants, representing 240 million U.S. adults weighted, and N = 5,723 adolescent participants, representing 25 million U.S. adolescents (12-17 years.). Separate logistic regressions for adults and adolescents were used to assess the association of DSM-5 SUDs, related factors, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (ideation, planning, and attempts). In 2020, adults with SUDs were nearly 4 times more likely to seriously consider suicide (aOR = 3.94, 95% CI: 3.19, 4.86), 3 times more likely to make a suicide plan (aOR = 3.09, 95% CI: 2.25, 4.25), and nearly 4 times more likely to attempt suicide (aOR = 3.77, 95% CI: 2.29, 6.19) than adults without SUDs. Adolescents with SUDs were 4 times more likely to consider suicide (aOR = 3.69, 95% CI: 2.47, 5.51), 5 times as likely to make a suicide plan (aOR = 5.14, 95% CI: 3.25, 8.13) and to attempt suicide (aOR = 5.27, 95% CI: 2.91, 9.53) than adolescents without SUDs. Adult females and individuals experiencing poverty were twice as likely to attempt suicide than adult males and individuals not living in poverty. Adolescent females were 3-5 times more likely to seriously consider, plan, and attempt suicide than adolescent males. Interventions to curb suicidality among individuals with SUDs are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abenaa A Jones
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Consortium on Substance Use and Addiction, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Joy Gray
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, & Special Education College of Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hannah B Apsley
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alexis R Santos-Lozada
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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McCarthy M, McIntyre JC, Nathan R, Ashworth EL, Saini P. Socioeconomic Predictors of Crisis and Clinical Pathways Among People Contacting a Mental Health Crisis Line. Health Serv Insights 2023; 16:11786329231212120. [PMID: 38028117 PMCID: PMC10655650 DOI: 10.1177/11786329231212120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Crisis lines are the first mental health service contact point for many people, making them a vital community and public health intervention. Given the current and potential utility of crisis lines, better understanding the characteristics, socioeconomic factors and subsequent referral pathways of callers is critical to identifying targeted ways to improve such services. Study Design The dataset captured calls to the Cheshire & Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (CWP) crisis line between August 2020 and August 2021. Calls were examined if self-harm, risk to self, or overdose were reported by the caller. Descriptive analyses were conducted to produce a clinical and demographic profile of the callers using the crisis line. Results Call handlers were significantly more likely to call 999, hand over to a practitioner and less likely to provide advice and guidance if self-harm, risk to self or overdose was reported. Social issues were found to be significantly associated with all 3 outcomes: self-harm, risk to self and overdose. Conclusion The current study provides the first exploratory analysis of the socioeconomic factors and resultant care pathways for those contacting a UK crisis line service. The findings have important implications for community early intervention efforts to reduce self-harm and suicidal behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajan Nathan
- Cheshire & Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, UK
| | | | - Pooja Saini
- Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Cha EJ, Suh S, Jeon HJ, Chung S. Identifying the Bridge Between Anxiety Response to COVID-19 and Depression Symptoms in General Population: A Network Analysis. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2023; 64:492-500. [PMID: 37295775 PMCID: PMC10247300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested links between anxiety response to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and depression symptoms in general population. However, a symptom-level investigation has not been reported. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to use network analysis to identify central symptoms and bridge symptoms that link COVID-19 anxiety and depression. METHODS Data from 1788 participants were analyzed. Coronavirus anxiety and depression symptoms were measured using the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 Items Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. Network analysis was performed using R. RESULTS The results revealed 'thoughts of suicide or self-harm' from Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and 'worry about others avoiding me' from Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 Items Scale as bridge symptoms. Findings suggest direct relationship between fear of social isolation and thoughts of suicide or self-harm. 'Feeling tired with little energy' and 'trouble concentrating' are strongly linked to 'thoughts of suicide or self-harm', suggesting these symptoms as risk factors for suicidal or self-injurious thoughts during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest fear of social isolation as a risk factor for developing thoughts of suicide or self-harm. These results should be taken into account during evaluation of risk of suicide or mental health interventions for the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Suh
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hwang IT, Fu-Tsung Shaw F, Hsu WY, Liu GY, Kuan CI, Gunnell D, Chang SS. "I Can't See an End in Sight." How the COVID-19 Pandemic May Influence Suicide Risk. CRISIS 2023; 44:458-469. [PMID: 35983713 PMCID: PMC10658636 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences may affect population mental health and suicide risk. Aims: To explore the experiences among suicidal individuals who made calls to a suicide prevention hotline and to identify factors and psychological responses that may influence suicide risk. Method: We identified 60 eligible recorded calls to Taiwan's suicide prevention hotline (January 23, 2020-May 31, 2020) and analyzed the transcripts using a framework analysis. Results: We identified three themes: (a) effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on society (impacts on local economies, the fear of contagion, and disruptions caused by outbreak control measures); (b) stress experienced by callers, including increased challenges (financial burden, restricted freedom of movement, interpersonal conflicts, feelings of uncertainty, and education/career interruption) and reduced support (reduced access to health services and social support); and (c) the callers' psychological responses to stress, including anxiety, sleep disturbance, depression, loneliness, hopelessness, and entrapment, which may increase suicide risk. Limitations: Only the experiences among those who sought help by calling the hotline during the early months of the pandemic in 2020 were explored. Conclusion: Our findings revealed the potential process underlying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide risk and have implications for prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ting Hwang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fortune Fu-Tsung Shaw
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Resource Development, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yau Hsu
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yi Liu
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-I Kuan
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Gunnell
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
- National Institute of Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK
| | - Shu-Sen Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Global Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mohd Salleh Sahimi H, Midin M, Lim JTY, Anwar MWA, Abdul Samad FD, Mohamad Kamal NA. An elderly patient with depression and a suicide attempt during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1151482. [PMID: 37840789 PMCID: PMC10568006 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1151482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Elderly individuals are among the age groups with the highest risk of suicide. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic forced isolation and resulted in an increased risk of depression, hopelessness, and perceived burdensomeness among the elderly, thereby increasing the risk of suicide. Methods This is a case report of an elderly single retired school principal with obsessive-compulsive personality traits who developed depression with psychotic symptoms after being isolated following the movement control order (MCO) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The social isolation led to feelings of loneliness and hopelessness. The patient's depressive symptoms worsened after he developed physical illnesses, such as eye floaters, that affected his daily activities. This caused him to have suicidal ideation to the extent that he attempted suicide by ingesting 90 mL of pesticide. Two weeks prior to the attempt, he updated his will and asked his friend to keep it. After the suicide attempt, he vomited and had diarrhea and epigastric pain. He called his friend, who brought him to the hospital emergency room (ER). He was resuscitated and subsequently admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). After being medically stabilized, he was transferred to the psychiatric ward, where further treatment was administered for his depression. His depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation improved after he was administered antidepressants and psychotherapy. Results The impact of the COVID pandemic has led to a surge in mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. The elderly are among the highest-risk groups of individuals to contract or die of COVID-19 infection, and they are also the most likely to develop mental health issues related to the pandemic. Furthermore, the risk of death by suicide is highest in this age group due to physical illness, social isolation, and the lack of a support system. This case also highlights the need for awareness of suicidal ideation screening among non-medical healthcare professionals and religious organizations to avoid the treatment gap. Conclusion It is essential to enhance suicide risk assessment and management among the elderly after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Mohd Salleh Sahimi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
- Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marhani Midin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
- Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jane Tze Yn Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
- Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Wafiy Ariffin Anwar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
- Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farah Deena Abdul Samad
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
- Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Ain Mohamad Kamal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
- Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mitchell RHB, Toulany A, Chung H, Cohen E, Fu L, Strauss R, Vigod SN, Stukel TA, Moran K, Guttmann A, Kurdyak P, Artani A, Kopec M, Saunders NR. Self-harm among youth during the first 28 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study. CMAJ 2023; 195:E1210-E1220. [PMID: 37722745 PMCID: PMC10506509 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.230127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth have reported worsening mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to evaluate rates of pediatric acute care visits for self-harm during the pandemic according to age, sex and mental health service use. METHODS We conducted a population-based, repeated cross-sectional study using linked health administrative data sets to measure monthly rates of emergency department visits and hospital admissions for self-harm among youth aged 10-17 years between Jan. 1, 2017, and June 30, 2022, in Ontario, Canada. We modelled expected rates of acute care visits for self-harm after the pandemic onset based on prepandemic rates. We reported relative differences between observed and expected monthly rates overall and by age group (10-13 yr and 14-17 yr), sex and mental health service use (new and continuing). RESULTS In this population of about 1.3 million children and adolescents, rates of acute care visits for self-harm during the pandemic were higher than expected for emergency department visits (0.27/1000 population v. 0.21/1000 population; adjusted rate ratio [RR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.39) and hospital admissions (0.74/10 000 population v. 0.43/10 000 population, adjusted RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.46-2.03). This increase was primarily observed among females. Rates of emergency department visits and hospital admissions for self-harm were higher than expected for both those aged 10-13 years and those aged 14-17 years, as well as for both those new to the mental health system and those already engaged in care. INTERPRETATION Rates of acute care visits for self-harm among children and adolescents were higher than expected during the first 2 and a half years of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among females. These findings support the need for accessible and intensive prevention efforts and mental health supports in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H B Mitchell
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Mitchell); Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry (Mitchell, Vigod, Kurdyak), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders); Department of Pediatrics (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; ICES Central (Toulany, Chung, Cohen, Fu, Strauss, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Artani, Saunders); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Toulany, Cohen, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Saunders), University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Kopec, Saunders), SickKids Research Institute; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital (Vigod); Women's College Research Institute (Vigod); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (Vigod); Ontario College of Family Physicians (Moran); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kurdyak), Toronto, Ont
| | - Alene Toulany
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Mitchell); Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry (Mitchell, Vigod, Kurdyak), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders); Department of Pediatrics (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; ICES Central (Toulany, Chung, Cohen, Fu, Strauss, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Artani, Saunders); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Toulany, Cohen, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Saunders), University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Kopec, Saunders), SickKids Research Institute; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital (Vigod); Women's College Research Institute (Vigod); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (Vigod); Ontario College of Family Physicians (Moran); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kurdyak), Toronto, Ont
| | - Hannah Chung
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Mitchell); Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry (Mitchell, Vigod, Kurdyak), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders); Department of Pediatrics (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; ICES Central (Toulany, Chung, Cohen, Fu, Strauss, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Artani, Saunders); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Toulany, Cohen, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Saunders), University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Kopec, Saunders), SickKids Research Institute; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital (Vigod); Women's College Research Institute (Vigod); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (Vigod); Ontario College of Family Physicians (Moran); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kurdyak), Toronto, Ont
| | - Eyal Cohen
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Mitchell); Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry (Mitchell, Vigod, Kurdyak), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders); Department of Pediatrics (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; ICES Central (Toulany, Chung, Cohen, Fu, Strauss, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Artani, Saunders); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Toulany, Cohen, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Saunders), University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Kopec, Saunders), SickKids Research Institute; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital (Vigod); Women's College Research Institute (Vigod); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (Vigod); Ontario College of Family Physicians (Moran); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kurdyak), Toronto, Ont
| | - Longdi Fu
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Mitchell); Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry (Mitchell, Vigod, Kurdyak), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders); Department of Pediatrics (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; ICES Central (Toulany, Chung, Cohen, Fu, Strauss, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Artani, Saunders); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Toulany, Cohen, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Saunders), University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Kopec, Saunders), SickKids Research Institute; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital (Vigod); Women's College Research Institute (Vigod); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (Vigod); Ontario College of Family Physicians (Moran); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kurdyak), Toronto, Ont
| | - Rachel Strauss
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Mitchell); Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry (Mitchell, Vigod, Kurdyak), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders); Department of Pediatrics (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; ICES Central (Toulany, Chung, Cohen, Fu, Strauss, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Artani, Saunders); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Toulany, Cohen, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Saunders), University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Kopec, Saunders), SickKids Research Institute; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital (Vigod); Women's College Research Institute (Vigod); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (Vigod); Ontario College of Family Physicians (Moran); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kurdyak), Toronto, Ont
| | - Simone N Vigod
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Mitchell); Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry (Mitchell, Vigod, Kurdyak), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders); Department of Pediatrics (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; ICES Central (Toulany, Chung, Cohen, Fu, Strauss, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Artani, Saunders); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Toulany, Cohen, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Saunders), University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Kopec, Saunders), SickKids Research Institute; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital (Vigod); Women's College Research Institute (Vigod); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (Vigod); Ontario College of Family Physicians (Moran); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kurdyak), Toronto, Ont
| | - Therese A Stukel
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Mitchell); Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry (Mitchell, Vigod, Kurdyak), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders); Department of Pediatrics (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; ICES Central (Toulany, Chung, Cohen, Fu, Strauss, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Artani, Saunders); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Toulany, Cohen, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Saunders), University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Kopec, Saunders), SickKids Research Institute; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital (Vigod); Women's College Research Institute (Vigod); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (Vigod); Ontario College of Family Physicians (Moran); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kurdyak), Toronto, Ont
| | - Kimberly Moran
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Mitchell); Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry (Mitchell, Vigod, Kurdyak), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders); Department of Pediatrics (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; ICES Central (Toulany, Chung, Cohen, Fu, Strauss, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Artani, Saunders); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Toulany, Cohen, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Saunders), University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Kopec, Saunders), SickKids Research Institute; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital (Vigod); Women's College Research Institute (Vigod); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (Vigod); Ontario College of Family Physicians (Moran); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kurdyak), Toronto, Ont
| | - Astrid Guttmann
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Mitchell); Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry (Mitchell, Vigod, Kurdyak), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders); Department of Pediatrics (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; ICES Central (Toulany, Chung, Cohen, Fu, Strauss, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Artani, Saunders); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Toulany, Cohen, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Saunders), University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Kopec, Saunders), SickKids Research Institute; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital (Vigod); Women's College Research Institute (Vigod); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (Vigod); Ontario College of Family Physicians (Moran); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kurdyak), Toronto, Ont
| | - Paul Kurdyak
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Mitchell); Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry (Mitchell, Vigod, Kurdyak), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders); Department of Pediatrics (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; ICES Central (Toulany, Chung, Cohen, Fu, Strauss, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Artani, Saunders); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Toulany, Cohen, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Saunders), University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Kopec, Saunders), SickKids Research Institute; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital (Vigod); Women's College Research Institute (Vigod); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (Vigod); Ontario College of Family Physicians (Moran); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kurdyak), Toronto, Ont
| | - Azmina Artani
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Mitchell); Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry (Mitchell, Vigod, Kurdyak), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders); Department of Pediatrics (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; ICES Central (Toulany, Chung, Cohen, Fu, Strauss, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Artani, Saunders); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Toulany, Cohen, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Saunders), University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Kopec, Saunders), SickKids Research Institute; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital (Vigod); Women's College Research Institute (Vigod); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (Vigod); Ontario College of Family Physicians (Moran); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kurdyak), Toronto, Ont
| | - Monica Kopec
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Mitchell); Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry (Mitchell, Vigod, Kurdyak), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders); Department of Pediatrics (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; ICES Central (Toulany, Chung, Cohen, Fu, Strauss, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Artani, Saunders); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Toulany, Cohen, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Saunders), University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Kopec, Saunders), SickKids Research Institute; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital (Vigod); Women's College Research Institute (Vigod); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (Vigod); Ontario College of Family Physicians (Moran); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kurdyak), Toronto, Ont
| | - Natasha R Saunders
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Mitchell); Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry (Mitchell, Vigod, Kurdyak), University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders); Department of Pediatrics (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; ICES Central (Toulany, Chung, Cohen, Fu, Strauss, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Artani, Saunders); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Toulany, Cohen, Vigod, Stukel, Guttmann, Kurdyak, Saunders), University of Toronto; Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Kopec, Saunders), SickKids Research Institute; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children (Toulany, Cohen, Guttmann, Saunders), University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital (Vigod); Women's College Research Institute (Vigod); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (Vigod); Ontario College of Family Physicians (Moran); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kurdyak), Toronto, Ont.
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Schwartz-Mette RA, Duell N, Lawrence HR, Balkind EG. COVID-19 Distress Impacts Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms, NSSI, and Suicide Risk in the Rural, Northeast US. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2023; 52:702-715. [PMID: 35259031 PMCID: PMC9452606 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2042697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Widespread concern exists about the impacts of COVID-19 and related public health safety measures (e.g., school closures) on adolescent mental health. Emerging research documents correlates and trajectories of adolescent distress, but further work is needed to identify additional vulnerability factors that explain increased psychopathology during the pandemic. The current study examined whether COVID-19-related loneliness and health anxiety (assessed in March 2020) predicted increased depressive symptoms, frequency of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and suicide risk from pre-pandemic (late January/early February 2020) to June 2020. METHOD Participants were 362 middle and high school adolescents in rural Maine (M age = 15.01 years; 63.4% female; 76.4% White). Data were collected during a time in which state-level COVID-19 restrictions were high and case counts were relatively low. Self-reports assessed psychopathology symptoms, and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to capture COVID-19-related distress during the initial days of school closures. RESULTS Loneliness predicted higher depressive symptoms for all adolescents, higher NSSI frequency for adolescents with low pre-pandemic frequency (but less frequent NSSI for adolescents with high pre-pandemic frequency), and higher suicide risk for adolescents with higher pre-pandemic risk. Health anxiety predicted higher NSSI frequency for adolescents with high pre-pandemic frequency, and secondary analyses suggested that this pattern may depend on adolescents' gender identity. CONCLUSIONS Results underscore the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent mental health, with benefits for some but largely negative impacts for most. Implications for caretakers, educators, and clinicians invested in adolescent mental health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Duell
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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McCarthy M, Saini P, Nathan R, McIntyre J. Predictors of self-harm and emergency department attendance for self-harm in deprived communities. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2023; 30:403-409. [PMID: 37126426 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2023.2204474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Emergency departments (EDs) are often the first point of contact for individuals following self-harm. The majority of previous research relies on hospital-based data, yet only a minority of individuals who self-harm in the community present to healthcare services. The study design is cross-sectional survey design. Data from the National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast (NIHR ARC NWC) Household Health Survey, a community-based public health survey in North West England, was collected using stratified random sampling. Three thousand four hundred twelve people were recruited in 2018 from relatively disadvantaged areas. The sample included 1490 men and 1922 women aged 18 to 100 years (M = 49.37, SD = 18.91). Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine demographic, health and socioeconomic predictors of self-harm and ED attendance for self-harm. Age (18-24 years), lower financial status, depression, anxiety and physical and mental health co-morbidity was associated with significantly higher levels of self-harm. People aged 18-24 years, with physical and mental health co-morbidity and lower levels of social support had significantly higher levels of attending EDs for self-harm. Improving people's financial situations, social connectivity, mental and physical health may help to reduce individual risk for self-harm and strain on health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly McCarthy
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
| | - Pooja Saini
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
| | - Rajan Nathan
- Cheshire & Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, England
| | - Jason McIntyre
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
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Maguire E, Kavalidou K, Bannan N, Doherty AM, Jeffers A. Substance use and self-harm emergency department presentations during COVID19: evidence from a National Clinical Programme for Self-Harm. Ir J Psychol Med 2023; 40:424-429. [PMID: 35915057 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2022.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the evidence that drinking patterns and self-harm hospital presentations have changed during COVID-19, this study aimed to examine any change in self-harm and suicide-related ideation presentations, together with any possible contribution made by alcohol or substance misuse, to Irish Emergency Departments in 2020, compared with 2018 and 2019. METHODS A population-based cohort with self-harm and suicide-related ideation presenting to Irish hospitals derived from the National Clinical Programme for Self-Harm was analysed. Descriptive analyses were conducted based on sociodemographic variables and types of presentation for the period January to August 2020 and compared with the same period in 2018 and 2019. Binomial regression analyses were performed to investigate the independent effect of demographic characteristics and pre/during COVID-19 periods on the use of substances as contributory factors in the self-harm and suicide-related ideation presentations. RESULTS 12,075 presentations due to self-harm and suicide-related ideation were recorded for the periods January-August 2018-2020 across nine emergency departments. The COVID-19 year was significantly associated with substances contributing to self-harm and suicide-related ideation ED presentations (OR = 1.183; 95% CI, 1.075-1.301, p < 0.001). No changes in the demographic characteristics were found for those with self-harm or suicide-related ideation across the years. Suicide-related ideation seemed to be increased after May 2020 compared with previous years. In terms of self-harm episodes with comorbid drug and alcohol overdose and poisoning, these were significantly increased in January-August 2020, compared with previous timepoints (χ2 = 42.424, df = 6, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION An increase in suicide-related ideation and substance-related self-harm presentations may indicate longer term effects of the pandemic and its relevant restrictions. Future studies might explore whether those presenting with ideation will develop a risk of suicide in post-pandemic periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maguire
- Department of Liaison Psychiatry, Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - K Kavalidou
- National Clinical Programme for Self-harm and Suicide-related Ideation, HSE, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance and Research in Suicide Prevention, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - N Bannan
- Department of Liaison Psychiatry, Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - A M Doherty
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Liaison Psychiatry, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, 63 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - A Jeffers
- National Clinical Programme for Self-harm and Suicide-related Ideation, HSE, Ireland
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Li H, Zhang X, Cao Y, Zhang G. Potential protection of computer gaming against mental health issues: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Otani K, Yoshikawa R, Naitou A, Fukushima H, Matsuishi K. Characteristics of suicidal emergency room patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:255-263. [PMID: 37096596 PMCID: PMC10275286 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Owing to the stress caused by the behavioral restrictions and lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, suicide rates have increased in Japan, especially among young people. This study aimed to identify the differences in the characteristics of patients hospitalized for suicide attempts in the emergency room, requiring inpatient care before and during the pandemic over 2 years. METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis. Data were collected from the electronic medical records. A descriptive survey was conducted to examine changes in the pattern of suicide attempts during the COVID-19 outbreak. Two-sample independent t-tests, Chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact test were used for data analysis. RESULTS Two hundred one patients were included. No significant differences were found in the number of patients hospitalized for suicide attempts, average age, or sex ratio before and during the pandemic periods. Acute drug intoxication and overmedication in patients increased significantly during the pandemic. The self-inflicted means of injury with high fatality rates were similar during the two periods. The rate of physical complications significantly increased during the pandemic, while the proportion of unemployed individuals significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Despite studies predicting an increase in suicides based on past statistics of young people and of women, no significant changes were observed in this survey of the Hanshin-Awaji region, including Kobe. This may have been owing to the effect of suicide prevention measures and mental health measures implemented by the Japanese government after an increase in suicides and after past natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Otani
- Department of PsychiatryKobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeHyogoJapan
| | - Ryohei Yoshikawa
- Department of PsychiatryKobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeHyogoJapan
| | - Atsumi Naitou
- Department of PsychiatryKobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeHyogoJapan
| | - Haruko Fukushima
- Department of PsychiatryKobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeHyogoJapan
| | - Kunitaka Matsuishi
- Department of PsychiatryKobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeHyogoJapan
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Cheng H, Wang D, Wang L, Zou H, Qu Y. Global prevalence of self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:149. [PMID: 37147683 PMCID: PMC10160734 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 and its transmission mitigation measures have caused widespread mental health problems. Previous studies have suggested that psychological, economic, behavioral, and psychosocial problems associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to a rise in self-harm. However, little is known about the prevalence of self-harm worldwide during COVID-19. Therefore, a quantitative synthesis is needed to reach an overall conclusion regarding the prevalence of self-harm during the pandemic. METHODS By using permutations of COVID-19, self-harm or relevant search terms, we searched the following electronic databases from November 2019 to January 2022: Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and systematically reviewed the evidence according to MOOSE guidelines. We employed Cochran's chi-squared test (Cochran's Q), I2test and subgroup analysis to assess and address the heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by eliminating each included study individually and then combining the effects. RESULTS Sixteen studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified, with sample sizes ranging from 228 to 49,227. The methodological quality of the included studies was mostly at the medium level. By using a random effect model, the pooled prevalence of self-harm was 15.8% (95% CI 13.3-18.3). Based on subgroup analysis, the following characteristics of the included studies were more likely to have a higher prevalence of self-harm: studies conducted in Asia or prior to July 2020, cross-sectional studies, samples recruited in hospitals or schools, adolescents, females, the purpose of self-harm (NSSI), mental symptoms and restriction experiences. CONCLUSIONS We provided the first meta-analytic estimated prevalence of self-harm based on a large sample from different countries and populations. The prevalence of self-harm during COVID-19 was not encouraging and requires attention and intervention. Further high-quality and prospective research are needed in order to determine the prevalence of self-harm with greater accuracy because to the clear heterogeneity across the included studies. In addition, this study also provides new directions for future research, including the identification of high-risk groups for self-harm, the formulation and implementation of prevention and intervention programs, and the long-term impact of COVID-19 on self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, No. 69 Mei Shan Road, ShuShan District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, No. 69 Mei Shan Road, ShuShan District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Haiou Zou
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Road, Shi Jing Shan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Yanhua Qu
- Department of Nursing, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Nandian Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing, 102208, China
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Balint L, Osvath P, Kapitany B, Rihmer Z, Nemeth A, Dome P. Suicide in Hungary during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: Subgroup investigations. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:453-458. [PMID: 36642307 PMCID: PMC9836994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 may unfavourably affect the mental health of individuals in various ways. Accordingly, the concern has been raised that national suicide rates will increase in the wake of the outbreak of the pandemic. METHODS In the current study, we tested this conjecture in three age groups (<25; 25-64; ≥65) of the Hungarian total population and the male and female populations. In addition, we assessed whether the pandemic had different effects on counts of suicides committed by violent or non-violent methods. Finally, by comparing the monthly suicide rates in 2020 and the corresponding monthly rates in 2019, we also investigated the "pulling together" hypothesis that postulates that a temporary decrease in suicides may occur after large-scale catastrophic events. RESULTS With regard to the total population only the suicide counts of individuals aged 25-64 rose significantly (p < 0.05) during the COVID months of 2020. Similar patterns, but at lower levels of significance (0.05 < p < 0.1), were found in those members of the total population aged 65 or older and among males aged between 25 and 64. Furthermore, we found that the number of violent suicides increased significantly (p < 0.05) during the COVID months. Finally, our results have not confirmed the existence of a "pulling together" phenomenon in association with the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary. LIMITATIONS We used non-individual level data and were therefore unable to control suicide risk factors at the level of individuals. DISCUSSION The number of suicides rose significantly in some subgroups of the Hungarian population during the COVID months of 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Balint
- Demographic Research Institute of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Sociology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Peter Osvath
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Kapitany
- Demographic Research Institute of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Rihmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Nemeth
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Dome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary.
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Liu W, Hu Z, Liu Z, Zhang F, Ding Y, Shui Y, Yang Z, Cheng W. Age- and sex-dependent increase in self-harm among adolescents with mental health problems in East China during COVID-19 related society-wide isolation. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1129123. [PMID: 36969633 PMCID: PMC10036048 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1129123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about child and adolescent mental health issues, such as self-harm. The impact of society-wide isolation on self-harming behaviors among adolescents in China is unclear. In addition, adolescents of different ages and sexes have varying abilities to cope with environmental changes. However, these differences are rarely considered in self-harm studies. We aimed to characterize the age- and sex-dependent effects of COVID-19-related society-wide isolation on self-harm among adolescents in East China.MethodsWe collected 63,877 medical records of children and adolescents aged 8–18 who had an initial visit to Shanghai Mental Health Center in China between 2017 and 2021 and charted annual self-harm rates for each age and sex. Using interrupted time series analysis, we modeled global and seasonal trends and the effect of COVID-19-related society-wide isolation on self-harm rates.ResultsFemales aged 10–17 and males aged 13–16 exhibited significantly increasing trends in self-harm rate (pfdr < 0.05) in the past 5 years. Eleven-year-old females in 2020 showed a self-harm rate (37.30%) that exceeded the peak among all ages in 2019 (age 13, 36.38%). The COVID-19-related society-wide isolation elevated self-harm rates in female patients aged 12 [RR 1.45 (95% CI 1.19–1.77); pfdr = 0.0031] and 13 years [RR 1.33 (95% CI 1.15–1.5); pfdr = 0.0031], while males were less affected. Further, females with emotional disorders dominated the increased self-harm rates.ConclusionSociety-wide isolation has had a significant impact on early adolescent females in East China, especially for those with emotional disturbances, and has brought forward the peak in adolescent self-harm rates. This study calls for attention to the risk of self-harm in early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhishan Hu
- Laboratory of Psychological Heath and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Laboratory of Psychological Heath and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shui
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Laboratory of Psychological Heath and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi Yang
| | - Wenhong Cheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wenhong Cheng
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21
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Marzano L, Hawley M, Fraser L, Lainez Y, Marsh J, Hawton K. Media coverage and speculation about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide: a content analysis of UK news. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065456. [PMID: 36854584 PMCID: PMC9979592 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been much concern and speculation about rises in suicide rates, despite evidence that suicides did not in fact increase in the first year of the pandemic in most countries with real-time suicide data. This public narrative is potentially harmful, as well as misleading, and is likely to be perpetuated by sensational news coverage. METHOD Using a bespoke database, we analysed the quality and content of print and online UK news (including opinion pieces) on the impact of COVID-19 on suicidality, based on adherence to international recommendations. χ2 tests were conducted to examine variability in relation to key characteristics (eg, type of publication) and to four 'restriction phases' (based on UK government official lockdown measures) over the first 14 months of the pandemic. RESULTS We identified 372 stories about COVID-19 and suicidality in online and print news between the first UK lockdown (March 2020) and May 2021 (when restrictions were significantly eased in the UK). Throughout this period, over a third of articles (39.2%) and headlines (41.4%) claimed or predicted a rise in suicide, often attributed to feelings of entrapment and poor mental health (especially among young people) and fueled by expert commentary and speculation. Almost a third of reports were rated as being of negative quality (116, 31.2%), and at least half included no signposting to help and support. However, reporting improved in phases of less stringent COVID-19 restrictions and over time, with later articles and headlines including fewer negative statements and predictions about rises in suicides, and greater reliance on academic evidence. CONCLUSIONS As the longer-term consequences of the pandemic develop, and other national and global events unfold, it is increasingly important that the media, and the wider community of experts shaping its narratives, strive for a positive and evidence-informed approach to news coverage of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - James Marsh
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Keith Hawton
- Psychiatry, Centre for Suicide Research, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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22
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Davies HL, Hübel C, Herle M, Kakar S, Mundy J, Peel AJ, ter Kuile AR, Zvrskovec J, Monssen D, Lim KX, Davies MR, Palmos AB, Lin Y, Kalsi G, Rogers HC, Bristow S, Glen K, Malouf CM, Kelly EJ, Purves KL, Young KS, Hotopf M, Armour C, McIntosh AM, Eley TC, Treasure J, Breen G. Risk and protective factors for new-onset binge eating, low weight, and self-harm symptoms in >35,000 individuals in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:91-107. [PMID: 36315390 PMCID: PMC9874817 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with poor mental health, including increases in eating disorders and self-harm symptoms. We investigated risk and protective factors for the new onset of these symptoms during the pandemic. METHOD Data were from the COVID-19 Psychiatry and Neurological Genetics study and the Repeated Assessment of Mental health in Pandemics Study (n = 36,715). Exposures were socio-demographic characteristics, lifetime psychiatric disorder, and COVID-related variables, including SARS-CoV-2 infection/illness with COVID-19. We identified four subsamples of participants without pre-pandemic experience of our outcomes: binge eating (n = 24,211), low weight (n = 24,364), suicidal and/or self-harm ideation (n = 18,040), and self-harm (n = 29,948). Participants reported on our outcomes at frequent intervals (fortnightly to monthly). We fitted multiple logistic regression models to identify factors associated with the new onset of our outcomes. RESULTS Within each subsample, new onset was reported by: 21% for binge eating, 10.8% for low weight, 23.5% for suicidal and/or self-harm ideation, and 3.5% for self-harm. Shared risk factors included having a lifetime psychiatric disorder, not being in paid employment, higher pandemic worry scores, and being racially minoritized. Conversely, infection with SARS-CoV-2/illness with COVID-19 was linked to lower odds of binge eating, low weight, and suicidal and/or self-harm ideation. DISCUSSION Overall, we detected shared risk factors that may drive the comorbidity between eating disorders and self-harm. Subgroups of individuals with these risk factors may require more frequent monitoring during future pandemics. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE In a sample of 35,000 UK residents, people who had a psychiatric disorder, identified as being part of a racially minoritized group, were not in paid employment, or were more worried about the pandemic were more likely to experience binge eating, low weight, suicidal and/or self-harm ideation, and self-harm for the first time during the pandemic. People with these risk factors may need particular attention during future pandemics to enable early identification of new psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L. Davies
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Moritz Herle
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health InformaticsInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Saakshi Kakar
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Jessica Mundy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alicia J. Peel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Abigail R. ter Kuile
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Johan Zvrskovec
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Dina Monssen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Kai Xiang Lim
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Molly R. Davies
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Alish B. Palmos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Yuhao Lin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Henry C. Rogers
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Shannon Bristow
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Kiran Glen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Chelsea Mika Malouf
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Emily J. Kelly
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Kirstin L. Purves
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Katherine S. Young
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
- Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Cherie Armour
- Research Centre for Stress, Trauma and Related Conditions (STARC), School of PsychologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Thalia C. Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
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Lantos T, Nyári TA. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates in Hungary: an interrupted time-series analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:775. [PMID: 36494787 PMCID: PMC9733003 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From 2010 to 2019, suicide mortality fell steadily and substantially in Hungary: the declining trend remained stable, and the suicide rate decreased by more than one-third which was remarkable even from an international perspective. However, despite the declining trend, regional inequalities have always characterised the distribution of suicide mortality in Hungary. Following these favourable trends, COVID-19 appeared in Hungary on the 4th of March 2020 which might lead to an increase in suicides. We aimed to investigate this hypothesis in Hungary by gender, age, educational attainment, and region, as well. METHODS To test whether the pandemic changed the declining trend of Hungarian suicide rates, the observed number of suicides during March-December 2020 (pre-vaccination period) was compared with the expected numbers (without the appearance of COVID-19). An interrupted time-series analysis was conducted by negative binomial regression using monthly data from January 2010 to February 2020 (pre-pandemic period). RESULTS Suicide mortality increased significantly compared to the trend during the pre-pandemic period: overall (by 16.7%), among males (18.5%), in the age group 35-49 years (32.8%), and among vocational school graduates (26.1%). Additionally, significant growths in suicide rates were detected in the two regions (Central Hungary and Central Transdanubia) with the lowest COVID mortality rates (by 27.3% and 22.2%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed reversed trend in suicide mortality during the pre-vaccination period compared to the pre-pandemic period in Hungary. There were significant differences in the pattern of suicide rates by gender, age group, educational attainment, and region during the pre-vaccination period in Hungary, which might be attributed to the socio-economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings could prove useful in preventive strategies as the identification of groups at higher risk may be important for suicide prevention; however, further investigations are needed to explore the reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Lantos
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 9 Korányi alley, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Tibor András Nyári
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 9 Korányi alley, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Groves S, Hawley M, Lascelles KM, Hawton K. News reporting of suicide in nurses: A content analysis study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2022; 31:1513-1522. [PMID: 36008915 PMCID: PMC9804535 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Media impact on suicide is well-established. Groups at heightened risk of suicide, such as nurses, may be particularly influenced by poor news reporting. This study aimed to examine UK newspaper reporting of suicide of nurses and student nurses, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Print and online newspaper reports about suicide in nurses (including students) published in the UK between January 2018 and August 2021 were obtained and data extracted for analysis in collaboration with Samaritans' media advisory team. Content and quality of newspaper reports were examined using a content analysis approach. The study was compliant with the STROBE checklist. Nurse or student nurse suicides were reported in 134 articles, including 50 individual suicides. Most articles were acceptable against Samaritans' media guidelines. However, common problems included absence of signposting to support organizations and lack of suicide prevention messages. A minority of articles included methods of suicide within article headlines (18, 13.4%) and sensationalist or romanticizing language (14, 10.7%). Most contained occupation-related content. Many named the individual's specific hospital or university and a substantial proportion included occupation-related images. Working on the frontline was the most reported link between COVID-19 and nurse suicide. While reporting on suicide among nurses and students was largely acceptable, quality of reporting was variable. Occupation was often discussed, and most articles published during COVID-19 linked suicide to the pandemic. The research findings can help shape guidance on reporting of suicide in specific professions and occupations, including nursing, to encourage responsible reporting and reduce inadvertent promotion of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Groves
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Keith Hawton
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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25
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Lawrance EL, Jennings N, Kioupi V, Thompson R, Diffey J, Vercammen A. Psychological responses, mental health, and sense of agency for the dual challenges of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic in young people in the UK: an online survey study. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e726-e738. [PMID: 36087603 PMCID: PMC9451498 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and climate change are both significant and pressing global challenges, posing threats to public health and wellbeing. Young people are particularly vulnerable to the distress both crises can cause, but understanding of the varied psychological responses to both issues is poor. We aimed to investigate these responses and their links with mental health conditions and feelings of agency. METHODS We conducted an online survey between Aug 5 and Oct 26, 2020, targeting a diverse sample of young people (aged 16-24 years, n=530) in the UK. The survey was distributed using a combination of a survey panel (panel sample) and direct approaches to youth groups and schools who shared the survey with young people in their networks (community sample). We collected data on respondents' psychological responses to both climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, their sense of agency to respond to each crisis, and the range of impacts on their lives. We also collected demographics data and screened for mental health and wellbeing indicators. We used non-parametric tests for most statistical comparisons. For paired samples, we used Wilcoxon's signed-rank test, and used Mann-Whitney U-tests or Kruskal-Wallis tests for two or more independent samples. Summed scale scores were considered as interval-level data and analysed with Student's t tests and ANOVAs. Effect sizes are reported as Cohen's d and partial eta-squared (η·2p), respectively. FINDINGS After excluding 18 suspected bots and 94 incomplete responses, 530 responses were retained for analysis. Of the 518 respondents who provided demographic data, 63% were female, 71·4% were White, and the mean family affluence score was 8·22 (SD 2·29). Most participants (n=343; 70%) did not report a history of diagnosis or treatment for a mental health disorder, but mental health scores indicated a common experience of (relatively mild) symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress. Although UK youth reported more life disruption and concern for their future due to the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change was associated with significantly greater distress overall, particularly for individuals with low levels of generalised anxiety. The COVID-19 pandemic was more associated with feelings of anxiety, isolation, disconnection, and frustration; distress around loss and grief; and effects on quality of life. Climate change was more likely to evoke emotions such as interest and engagement, guilt, shame, anger, and disgust. The greater distress attributed to climate change overall was due, in particular, to higher levels of guilt, sense of personal responsibility, and greater distress triggered by upsetting media coverage. Agency to address climate change was associated with greater climate distress, but pandemic-related distress and agency were unrelated. INTERPRETATION The COVID-19 pandemic and climate change are affecting the wellbeing of UK young people in distinct ways, with implications for health service, policy, and research responses. There is a need for mental health practitioners, policy makers, and other societal actors to account for the complex relationship between climate agency, distress, and mental wellbeing in young people. FUNDING Imperial College London.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Lawrance
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK; Grantham Institute-Climate Change and Environment, Imperial College London, London, UK; Mental Health Innovations, London, UK.
| | - Neil Jennings
- Grantham Institute-Climate Change and Environment, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vasiliki Kioupi
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - James Diffey
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ans Vercammen
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK; School of Communication and Arts, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QSL, Australia
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Jollant F, Blanc-Brisset I, Cellier M, Ambar Akkaoui M, Tran VC, Hamel JF, Piot MA, Nourredine M, Nisse P, Hawton K, Descatha A, Vodovar D. Temporal trends in calls for suicide attempts to poison control centers in France during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:901-913. [PMID: 36040638 PMCID: PMC9425826 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Concerns have been raised about early vs. later impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicidal behavior. However, data remain sparse to date. We investigated all calls for intentional drug or other toxic ingestions to the eight Poison Control Centers in France between 1st January 2018 and 31st May 2022. Data were extracted from the French National Database of Poisonings. Calls during the study period were analyzed using time trends and time series analyses with SARIMA models (based on the first two years). Breakpoints were determined using Chow test. These analyses were performed together with examination of age groups (≤ 11, 12–24, 25–64, ≥ 65 years) and gender effects when possible. Over the studied period, 66,589 calls for suicide attempts were received. Overall, there was a downward trend from 2018, which slowed down in October 2019 and was followed by an increase from November 2020. Number of calls observed during the COVID period were above what was expected. However, important differences were found according to age and gender. The increase in calls from mid-2020 was particularly observed in young females, while middle-aged adults showed a persisting decrease. An increase in older-aged people was observed from mid-2019 and persisted during the pandemic. The pandemic may therefore have exacerbated a pre-existing fragile situation in adolescents and old-aged people. This study emphasizes the rapidly evolving situation regarding suicidal behaviour during the pandemic, the possibility of age and gender differences in impact, and the value of having access to real-time information to monitor suicidal acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Jollant
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Philosophenweg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Nîmes Academic Hospital (CHU), Nîmes, France. .,School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,CHU Bicêtre, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. .,Moods Team, INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | | | - Morgane Cellier
- CHU Angers, Poison Control Center - Clinical Data Center, Angers, France.,UNIV Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085 SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Marine Ambar Akkaoui
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, Paris, France
| | - Viet Chi Tran
- Laboratoire d'analyses et de Mathématiques Appliquées (LAMA), Gustave Eiffel University, Paris Est Creteil University, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Jean-François Hamel
- UNIV Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085 SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,Biostatistics and Methodology Department, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Marie-Aude Piot
- Institut Mutualiste Montsouris & Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Epidemiological and Public Health Research Centre (CESP) - UMR 1018- UVSQ, Villejuif, France
| | - Mikail Nourredine
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Pharmacotoxicologie de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Recherche et Épidémiologie Clinique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Évaluation et Modélisation des Effets Thérapeutiques, UMR CNRS 5558, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexis Descatha
- CHU Angers, Poison Control Center - Clinical Data Center, Angers, France.,UNIV Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085 SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Dominique Vodovar
- Paris Academic Hospital (APHP), Poison Control Center & Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,UMRS-1144, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
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27
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Lessard D, Engler K, Ma Y, Rodriguez Cruz A, Vicente S, Kronfli N, Barkati S, Brouillette MJ, Cox J, Kildea J, Hijal T, Pomey MP, Bartlett SJ, Asselah J, Lebouché B. Remote Follow-up of Self-isolating Patients With COVID-19 Using a Patient Portal: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Pilot Study (Opal-COVID Study). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e35760. [PMID: 35820054 PMCID: PMC9390833 DOI: 10.2196/35760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with COVID-19 are instructed to self-isolate at home. During self-isolation, they may experience anxiety and insufficient care. Patient portals can allow patients to self-monitor and remotely share their health status with health care professionals, but little data are available on their feasibility. Objective This paper presents the protocol of the Opal-COVID Study. Its objectives are to assess the implementation of the Opal patient portal for distance monitoring of self-isolating patients with COVID-19, identify influences on the intervention’s implementation, and describe service and patient outcomes of this intervention. Methods This mixed methods pilot study aims to recruit 50 patient participants with COVID-19 tested at the McGill University Health Centre (Montreal, Canada) for 14 days of follow-up. With access to an existing patient portal through a smartphone app, patients will complete a daily self-assessment of symptoms, vital signs, and mental health monitored by a nurse, and receive teleconsultations as needed. Study questionnaires will be administered to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical background, implementation outcomes (acceptability, usability, and respondent burden), and patient satisfaction. Coordinator logbook entries will inform on feasibility outcomes, namely, on recruitment, retention, and fidelity, as well as on the frequency and nature of contacts with health care professionals. The statistical analyses for objectives 1 (implementation outcomes), 3 (service outcomes), and 4 (patient outcomes) will evaluate the effects of time and sociodemographic characteristics on the outcomes. For objectives 1 (implementation outcomes) and 4 (patient outcomes), the statistical analyses will also examine the attainment of predefined success thresholds. As for the qualitative analyses, for objective 2 (influences on implementation), semistructured qualitative interviews will be conducted with 4 groups of stakeholders (ie, patient participants, health care professionals, technology developers, and study administrators) and submitted for content analysis, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to help identify barriers to and facilitators of implementation. For objective 3 (service outcomes), reasons for contacting health care professionals through Opal will also be submitted for content analysis. Results Between December 2020 and March 2021, a total of 51 patient participants were recruited. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 39 stakeholders from April to September 2021. Delays were experienced owing to measures taken at the McGill University Health Centre to address COVID-19. The quantitative and qualitative analyses began in May 2022. As of June 2022, a total of 2 manuscripts (on the implementation and the patient outcomes) were being prepared, and 3 conference presentations had been given on the study’s methods. Conclusions This protocol is designed to generate multidisciplinary knowledge on the implementation of a patient portal–based COVID-19 care intervention and will lead to a comprehensive understanding of feasibility, stakeholder experience, and influences on implementation that may prove useful for scaling up similar interventions. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04978233; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04978233 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/35760
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lessard
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Montreal, QC, Canada.,See Acknowledgments, .,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kim Engler
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Montreal, QC, Canada.,See Acknowledgments,
| | - Yuanchao Ma
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Montreal, QC, Canada.,See Acknowledgments, .,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Rodriguez Cruz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Montreal, QC, Canada.,See Acknowledgments, .,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Vicente
- See Acknowledgments, .,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Nadine Kronfli
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sapha Barkati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Brouillette
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Cox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Kildea
- Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tarek Hijal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Susan J Bartlett
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Experimental Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology, Respiratory Medicine, and Rheumatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jamil Asselah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lebouché
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Montreal, QC, Canada.,See Acknowledgments, .,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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28
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Sass C, Farley K, Brennan C. "They have more than enough to do than patch up people like me." Experiences of seeking support for self-harm in lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2022; 29:544-554. [PMID: 35403770 PMCID: PMC9115186 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: In the initial months of the pandemic, there was no significant increase in demand for mental health services During the pandemic, there was an increase in people reporting an increase in suicidal thoughts. Understanding of the experience of seeking help for self-harm during lockdown is lacking, in terms of availability and accessibility of support services WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: People who self-harm found that their support structures were significantly impacted by lockdown Lockdown presented relational difficulties for people who self-harm WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Learning about the experience of receiving support from mental health liaison services during lockdown from a first-hand perspective is essential to improving the provision of these services in the future. In times of national crisis, services should be prepared to support clients via alternative means including telephone and online. Public facing messages about service availability should be carefully expressed to minimize misunderstandings. ABSTRACT: Introduction National lockdown caused disruption to health services and third-sector organizations offering support to people who self-harm. Early reports suggested self-harm-related hospital attendances declined. Lack of knowledge related to the availability and accessibility of support provisions for people who self-harm warrants exploration into how they experienced help-seeking during lockdown. Aims This study aimed to explore the experiences of people who self-harm and perspectives on help-seeking. Method We conducted a qualitative study based on telephone and email interviews with 14 people who self-harm in England. Results Participants identified challenges to coping with life in lockdown, emphasizing the role of self-harm. Help-seeking was impeded by feeling like a burden and potential for spreading the virus. People who self-harm exercised self-reliance in response to "stay home" messaging, but some may have struggled without formal support. Online support served an important role in continuity of care during lockdown but could widen inequalities from limited resources and access. Implications for practice Helping mental health liaison nurses to understand the experiences of people who self-harm during lockdown is critical to providing continuing support to this population. Services should consider how and when they communicate changes to their provisions to the public, and the impact this will have on those in need of support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Sass
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kate Farley
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Cathy Brennan
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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29
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Borschmann R, Moran PA. Adversity, social support and risk of self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e141. [PMID: 35876072 PMCID: PMC9314317 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the degree to which social factors interact with COVID-19-related adversity to increase the risk of self-harm thoughts and behaviours. Using data derived from a UK cohort study, Paul & Fancourt found that loneliness was associated with an increase in the odds of self-harm thoughts and behaviours, whereas high-quality social support protected against self-harm thoughts and behaviours. The authors concluded that it is the quality of social support and interactions, rather than the act of engaging in social interaction per se, that protects against self-harm in the context of adversity. The COVID-19 pandemic may exert longer-lasting effects on population mental health, and continued surveillance of mental health, including self-harm status, will be essential. If accompanied by appropriate measures of the availability and quality of social support, such monitoring could also inform the development of more effective adaptive interventions for those at risk of engaging in self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Borschmann
- Justice Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia; and Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul A Moran
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
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30
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Gosling H, Pratt D, Lea J. Understanding self-harm urges and behavior amongst non-binary young adults: A grounded theory study. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2022.2073310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gosling
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel Pratt
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - James Lea
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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31
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Obidoa M, Bello R, Hardman S. Self‐harm in an older adult population during the
COVID
‐19 pandemic. PROGRESS IN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pnp.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Obidoa
- Dr Obidoa is a Consultant Liaison Psychiatrist at Great Western Hospital, Swindon, Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health NHS Partnership Trust
| | - Rakiya Bello
- Dr Bello is a Core Psychiatry Trainee at Tatchbury Mount, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Stephen Hardman
- Dr Hardman is a Clinical Research Fellow at Kingshill Research Centre, Victoria Centre, Swindon
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32
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Marzano L, Hawley M, Fraser L, Harris-Skillman E, Lainez Y, Hawton K. Have News Reports on Suicide and Attempted Suicide During the COVID-19 Pandemic Adhered to Guidance on Safer Reporting? CRISIS 2022. [PMID: 35383470 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Associations between sensational news coverage of suicide and increases in suicidal behavior have been well documented. Amid growing concern over the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates, it is especially important that news coverage adheres to recommended standards. Method: We analyzed the quality and content of print and online UK news reports of possible COVID-19-related suicides and suicide attempts in the first 4 months of the pandemic (N = 285). Results: The majority of reports made explicit links between suicidal behavior and the COVID-19 pandemic in the headline (65.5%), largely based on statements by family, friends, or acquaintances of the deceased (60%). The impact of the pandemic on suicidal behavior was most often attributed to feelings of isolation (27.4%), poor mental health (14.7%), and entrapment due to government-imposed restrictions (14.4%). Although rarely of poor overall quality, reporting was biased toward young people, frontline staff, and relatively unusual suicides and, to varying degrees, failed to meet recommended standards (e.g., 41.1% did not signpost readers to sources of support). Limitations: This analysis cannot account for the impact of reporting on suicide. Conclusion: Careful attention must be paid to the quality and content of reports, especially as longer-term consequences of the pandemic develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marzano
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | | | | | - Eva Harris-Skillman
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Yasmine Lainez
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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33
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Paul E, Fancourt D. Factors influencing self-harm thoughts and behaviours over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: longitudinal analysis of 49 324 adults. Br J Psychiatry 2022; 220:31-37. [PMID: 35045899 PMCID: PMC8958127 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2021.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath will result in excess suicides by increasing known risk factors such as self-harm, but evidence on how pandemic-related risk factors contribute to changes in these outcomes is lacking. AIMS To examine how different COVID-19-related experiences of and worries about adversity contribute to changes in self-harm thoughts and behaviours. METHOD Data from 49 324 UK adults in the University College London COVID-19 Social Study were analysed (1 April 2020 to 17 May 2021). Fixed-effects regressions explored associations between weekly within-person variation in five categories of adversity experience and adversity worries with changes in self-harm thoughts and behaviours across age groups (18-29, 30-44, 45-59 and 60+ years). RESULTS In total, 26.1% and 7.9% of respondents reported self-harm thoughts and behaviours respectively at least once over the study period. The number of adverse experiences was more strongly related to outcomes than the number of worries. The largest specific adversity contributing to increases in both outcomes was having experienced physical or psychological abuse. Financial worries increased the likelihood of both outcomes in most age groups, and having had COVID-19 increased the likelihood of both outcomes in young (18-29 years) and middle-aged (45-59 years) adults. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that a significant portion of UK adults may be at increased risk for self-harm thoughts and behaviours during the pandemic. Given the likelihood that the economic and social consequences of the pandemic will accumulate, policy makers can begin adapting evidence-based suicide prevention strategies and other social policies to help mitigate its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Paul
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, UK
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34
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Gimbrone C, Rutherford C, Kandula S, Martínez-Alés G, Shaman J, Olfson M, Gould MS, Pei S, Galanti M, Keyes KM. Associations between COVID-19 mobility restrictions and economic, mental health, and suicide-related concerns in the US using cellular phone GPS and Google search volume data. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260931. [PMID: 34936666 PMCID: PMC8694413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, US populations have experienced elevated rates of financial and psychological distress that could lead to increases in suicide rates. Rapid ongoing mental health monitoring is critical for early intervention, especially in regions most affected by the pandemic, yet traditional surveillance data are available only after long lags. Novel information on real-time population isolation and concerns stemming from the pandemic's social and economic impacts, via cellular mobility tracking and online search data, are potentially important interim surveillance resources. Using these measures, we employed transfer function model time-series analyses to estimate associations between daily mobility indicators (proportion of cellular devices completely at home and time spent at home) and Google Health Trends search volumes for terms pertaining to economic stress, mental health, and suicide during 2020 and 2021 both nationally and in New York City. During the first pandemic wave in early-spring 2020, over 50% of devices remained completely at home and searches for economic stressors exceeded 60,000 per 10 million. We found large concurrent associations across analyses between declining mobility and increasing searches for economic stressor terms (national proportion of devices at home: cross-correlation coefficient (CC) = 0.6 (p-value <0.001)). Nationally, we also found strong associations between declining mobility and increasing mental health and suicide-related searches (time at home: mood/anxiety CC = 0.53 (<0.001), social stressor CC = 0.51 (<0.001), suicide seeking CC = 0.37 (0.006)). Our findings suggest that pandemic-related isolation coincided with acute economic distress and may be a risk factor for poor mental health and suicidal behavior. These emergent relationships warrant ongoing attention and causal assessment given the potential for long-term psychological impact and suicide death. As US populations continue to face stress, Google search data can be used to identify possible warning signs from real-time changes in distributions of population thought patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gimbrone
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Caroline Rutherford
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Sasikiran Kandula
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Alés
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Shaman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Mark Olfson
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Madelyn S. Gould
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Sen Pei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Marta Galanti
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly McCarthy
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Pooja Saini
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Rajan Nathan
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Jason McIntyre
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
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36
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Lee HJ, Park BM. Feelings of Entrapment during the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on ACE Star Model: A Concept Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1305. [PMID: 34682983 PMCID: PMC8544561 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the concept of the "feelings of entrapment" during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic using a systematic review. We included literature based on content and outcomes related to feelings of entrapment, such as antecedents, attributes, and consequences. The exclusion criteria were studies that did not have inappropriate subject, content, conceptual definition, and degree thesis was excluded. Walker and Avant's process of concept analysis was used in this systematic literature review. The attributes of the concept of feelings of entrapment during the COVID-19 pandemic were found to be feelings of: (1) being out of control, (2) no escape, (3) being trapped, (4) being robbed, and (5) hopelessness. The causes for these were identified as (1) the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) lockdown system, (3) restricted situation, (4) uncertain future, (5) economic hardship, and (6) poor coping abilities. Consequences of the concept were: (1) increased suicide, (2) decreased mental health, and (3) decreased well-being. In situations such as COVID-19, it is important need to know what feelings of entrapment's antecedents and attributes are to prevent suicide and enhance mental health and well-being. Based on the results of this study, counseling services, policies, and systems for relieving feelings of entrapment in the COVID-19 situation are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Lee
- Department of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul ST. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Bom-Mi Park
- Department of Nursing, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea
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37
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Steinhoff A, Bechtiger L, Ribeaud D, Murray AL, Hepp U, Eisner M, Shanahan L. Self-Injury and Domestic Violence in Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Trajectories, Precursors, and Correlates. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:560-575. [PMID: 34313351 PMCID: PMC8420612 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined the longitudinal course of, and pre- and during-pandemic risk factors for, self-injury and domestic physical violence perpetration in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data came from a Swiss longitudinal study (N = 786, age ˜22 in 2020), with one prepandemic (2018) and four during-pandemic assessments (2020). The prevalence of self-injury did not change between April (during the first Swiss national lockdown) and September 2020 (postlockdown). Domestic violence perpetration increased temporarily in males. Prepandemic self-injury was a major risk factor for during-pandemic self-injury. Specific living arrangements, pandemic-related stressor accumulation, and a lack of adaptive coping strategies were associated with during-pandemic self-injury and domestic violence. Stressor accumulation had indirect effects on self-injury and domestic violence through negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Bechtiger
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth DevelopmentUniversity of Zurich
| | - Denis Ribeaud
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth DevelopmentUniversity of Zurich
| | | | - Urs Hepp
- Integrated Psychiatric Services Winterthur‐Zürcher Unterland
| | - Manuel Eisner
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth DevelopmentUniversity of Zurich
- Institute of CriminologyUniversity of Cambridge
| | - Lilly Shanahan
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth DevelopmentUniversity of Zurich
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Zurich
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Vuorio A, Bor R. Self-Harm in Aviation Medicine-A Complex Challenge During a Pandemic. Front Public Health 2021; 9:681618. [PMID: 34409006 PMCID: PMC8365184 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.681618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alpo Vuorio
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Turku, Finland
- Mehiläinen Airport Health Center, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Robert Bor
- Center for Aviation Psychology, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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John A, Eyles E, Webb RT, Okolie C, Schmidt L, Arensman E, Hawton K, O'Connor RC, Kapur N, Moran P, O'Neill S, McGuiness LA, Olorisade BK, Dekel D, Macleod-Hall C, Cheng HY, Higgins JP, Gunnell D. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: a living systematic review. F1000Res 2020; 9:1097. [PMID: 33604025 PMCID: PMC7871358 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25522.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused morbidity and mortality, as well as, widespread disruption to people's lives and livelihoods around the world. Given the health and economic threats posed by the pandemic to the global community, there are concerns that rates of suicide and suicidal behaviour may rise during and in its aftermath. Our living systematic review (LSR) focuses on suicide prevention in relation to COVID-19, with this iteration synthesising relevant evidence up to June 7 th 2020. Method: Automated daily searches feed into a web-based database with screening and data extraction functionalities. Eligibility criteria include incidence/prevalence of suicidal behaviour, exposure-outcome relationships and effects of interventions in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Outcomes of interest are suicide, self-harm or attempted suicide and suicidal thoughts. No restrictions are placed on language or study type, except for single-person case reports. Results: Searches identified 2070 articles, 29 (28 studies) met our inclusion criteria, of which 14 articles were research letters or pre-prints awaiting peer review. All articles reported observational data: 12 cross-sectional; eight case series; five modelling; and three service utilisation studies. No studies reported on changes in rates of suicidal behaviour. Case series were largely drawn from news reporting in low/middle income countries and factors associated with suicide included fear of infection, social isolation and economic concerns. Conclusions: A marked improvement in the quality of design, methods, and reporting in future studies is needed. There is thus far no clear evidence of an increase in suicide, self-harm, suicidal behaviour, or suicidal thoughts associated with the pandemic. However, suicide data are challenging to collect in real time and economic effects are evolving. Our LSR will provide a regular synthesis of the most up-to-date research evidence to guide public health and clinical policy to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on suicide. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020183326 01/05/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann John
- Population Psychiatry, Suicide and Informatics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Public Health Wales NHS Trust, Swansea, UK
| | - Emily Eyles
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Roger T. Webb
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Chukwudi Okolie
- Population Psychiatry, Suicide and Informatics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Public Health Wales NHS Trust, Swansea, UK
| | - Lena Schmidt
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health and National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Keith Hawton
- University Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Suicide Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory C. O'Connor
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nav Kapur
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Moran
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Luke A. McGuiness
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Dana Dekel
- Population Psychiatry, Suicide and Informatics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Hung-Yuan Cheng
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julian P.T. Higgins
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Gunnell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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John A, Eyles E, Webb RT, Okolie C, Schmidt L, Arensman E, Hawton K, O'Connor RC, Kapur N, Moran P, O'Neill S, McGuiness LA, Olorisade BK, Dekel D, Macleod-Hall C, Cheng HY, Higgins JP, Gunnell D. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: update of living systematic review. F1000Res 2020; 9:1097. [PMID: 33604025 PMCID: PMC7871358 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25522.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused considerable morbidity, mortality and disruption to people's lives around the world. There are concerns that rates of suicide and suicidal behaviour may rise during and in its aftermath. Our living systematic review synthesises findings from emerging literature on incidence and prevalence of suicidal behaviour as well as suicide prevention efforts in relation to COVID-19, with this iteration synthesising relevant evidence up to 19 th October 2020. Method: Automated daily searches feed into a web-based database with screening and data extraction functionalities. Eligibility criteria include incidence/prevalence of suicidal behaviour, exposure-outcome relationships and effects of interventions in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Outcomes of interest are suicide, self-harm or attempted suicide and suicidal thoughts. No restrictions are placed on language or study type, except for single-person case reports. We exclude one-off cross-sectional studies without either pre-pandemic measures or comparisons of COVID-19 positive vs. unaffected individuals. Results: Searches identified 6,226 articles. Seventy-eight articles met our inclusion criteria. We identified a further 64 relevant cross-sectional studies that did not meet our revised inclusion criteria. Thirty-four articles were not peer-reviewed (e.g. research letters, pre-prints). All articles were based on observational studies. There was no consistent evidence of a rise in suicide but many studies noted adverse economic effects were evolving. There was evidence of a rise in community distress, fall in hospital presentation for suicidal behaviour and early evidence of an increased frequency of suicidal thoughts in those who had become infected with COVID-19. Conclusions: Research evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on suicidal behaviour is accumulating rapidly. This living review provides a regular synthesis of the most up-to-date research evidence to guide public health and clinical policy to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on suicide risk as the longer term impacts of the pandemic on suicide risk are researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann John
- Population Psychiatry, Suicide and Informatics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Public Health Wales NHS Trust, Swansea, UK
| | - Emily Eyles
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Roger T. Webb
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Chukwudi Okolie
- Population Psychiatry, Suicide and Informatics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Public Health Wales NHS Trust, Swansea, UK
| | - Lena Schmidt
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health and National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Keith Hawton
- University Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Suicide Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory C. O'Connor
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nav Kapur
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Moran
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Luke A. McGuiness
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Dana Dekel
- Population Psychiatry, Suicide and Informatics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Hung-Yuan Cheng
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julian P.T. Higgins
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Gunnell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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