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Koska J, Hansen S, Hu Y, Jensen MC, Billheimer D, Nedelkov D, Budoff MJ, Allison M, McClelland RL, Reaven PD. Relationship of apolipoprotein C-III proteoform composition with ankle-brachial index and peripheral artery disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Atherosclerosis 2024; 395:117584. [PMID: 38823352 PMCID: PMC11254547 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) proteoform composition shows distinct relationships with plasma lipids and cardiovascular risk. The present study tested whether apoC-III proteoforms are associated with risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS ApoC-III proteoforms, i.e., native (C-III0a), and glycosylated with zero (C-III0b), one (C-III1) or two (C-III2) sialic acids, were measured by mass spectrometry immunoassay on 5,734 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants who were subsequently followed for clinical PAD over 17 years. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) was also assessed at baseline and then 3 and 10 years later in 4,830 participants. RESULTS Higher baseline C-III0b/C-III1 and lower baseline C-III2/C-III1 were associated with slower decline in ABI (follow-up adjusted for baseline) over time, independently of cardiometabolic risk factors, and plasma triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels (estimated difference per 1 SD was 0.31 % for both, p < 0.01). The associations between C-III2/C-III1 and changes in ABI were stronger in men (-1.21 % vs. -0.27 % in women), and in Black and Chinese participants (-0.83 % and -0.86 % vs. 0.12 % in White). Higher C-III0b/C-III1 was associated with a trend for lower risk of PAD (HR = 0.84 [95%CI: 0.67-1.04]) that became stronger after excluding participants on lipid-lowering medications (0.73 [95%CI: 0.57-0.94]). Neither change in ABI nor clinical PAD was related to total apoC-III levels. CONCLUSIONS We found associations of apoC-III proteoform composition with changes in ABI that were independent of other risk factors, including plasma lipids. Our data further support unique properties of apoC-III proteoforms in modulating vascular health that go beyond total apoC-III levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Koska
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, 650 E Indian School Rd CS111E, Phoenix, AZ, 85012, USA.
| | - Spencer Hansen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 6200 NE 74th St. Bldg. 29 Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Yueming Hu
- Isoformix Inc., 202 Industrial Blvd Suite 404, Sugar Land, TX, 77478, USA
| | - Majken C Jensen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dean Billheimer
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Dobrin Nedelkov
- Isoformix Inc., 202 Industrial Blvd Suite 404, Sugar Land, TX, 77478, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1124 W Carson St., Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robyn L McClelland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 6200 NE 74th St. Bldg. 29 Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Peter D Reaven
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, 650 E Indian School Rd CS111E, Phoenix, AZ, 85012, USA
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2
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Guo J, Qin H, Li X. Association between monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and carotid plaque in postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37425. [PMID: 38518045 PMCID: PMC10957012 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between carotid plaque and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) in postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 214 postmenopausal women who underwent physical examination at the Health Management Center of Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College between August 2018 and August 2022 were enrolled. The subjects were grouped according to the results of carotid ultrasound. The general information, blood pressure, biochemical markers, and routine blood indicators were compared between the 2 groups. Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the correlation between MHR and carotid plaque in postmenopausal women, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of MHR for carotid plaque in this population. The carotid plaque group showed a lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.21 [1.08-1.425] vs 1.29 [1.15-1.445] mmol/L, Z = -2.115, P = .034) and a higher MHR [0.33 ± 0.1 vs 0.26 ± 0.1, t = -5.756, P < .001] when compared to the no carotid plaque group. After adjusting for potential confounders such height, weight, and HDL-C, binary logistic regression analysis revealed that MHR continued to be an independent risk factor for the formation of carotid plaque in postmenopausal women (odds ratio [OR] = 1.795, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.198-2.689, P = .005). ROC curve analysis indicated that MHR had a 95% CI of 0.656 to 0.793 in predicting carotid plaque formation, an optimal cut-point of 0.265, and a sensitivity and specificity of 82.2% and 58.9%, respectively. MHR is a distinct risk factor for carotid plaque formation in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Health Management Center, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Haibo Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Xianxian Li
- Department of Hematology, Heji Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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3
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Sharma P, Roy A, Dhamija RK, Bhushan S, Baswal K, Kulandaisamy R, Yadav S, Kumar S, Inampudi KK. A comprehensive proteomic profiling of urinary exosomes and the identification of early non-invasive biomarker in patients with coronary artery disease. J Proteomics 2024; 293:105059. [PMID: 38151158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Urinary small extracellular vesicles or exosomes (uEVs) source could be an emerging trove of biomarkers in coronary artery disease (CAD). It is a chronic inflammatory disease having a long asymptomatic phase of fatty-fibrous development in arteries leading to angina, myocardial infarction, and death. Our study was aimed at identifying differential protein expression profiling of uEVs in CAD. We collected urine samples of CAD patients (n = 41) age 18-65 years and gender matched healthy controls (n = 41). We isolated uEVs using differential ultracentrifugation. Further, uEV samples were characterized by western blotting exosome markers (Flotillin, TSG, CD63, and CD9), nano tracking analysis, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A total of 508 proteins were identified by iTRAQ-based mass spectrometry. We observed protein expression levels of AZGP1, SEMG1/2, ORM1, IGL, SERPINA5, HSPG2, prosaposin, gelsolin, and CD59 were upregulated, and UMOD, KNG1, AMBP, prothrombin, and TF were downregulated. Protein-protein interactions, gene ontology and pathway analysis were performed to functionally annotate identified uEVs proteins. A novel uEVs differential protein signature is shown. On validating UMOD protein by ELISA in two clinically different CAD, stable-CAD patients had lower levels than healthy controls whereas recent myocardial infarction patients had lowest. Our findings suggest UMOD importance as early diagnostic biomarker. SIGNIFICANCE: Coronary artery disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by gradual deposition of cholesterol and fat along with other proteins to develop plaque inside arteries. This further leads to blockage of artery, heart attack and death. There are no identifiable early biomarkers to diagnose this. For the first time, we have identified the differentially expressed proteins isolated from non-invasive uEV of CAD patients compared to healthy controls by using MS Orbitrap and iTRAQ labelling of peptides. We have identified decreased levels of UMOD protein in CAD. These findings have been confirmed by ELISA. Furthermore, the levels of UMOD were observed as more highly decreased in recent myocardial infarction CAD patients, indicating the importance of this protein as an early diagnostic biomarker. Conclusively, our study represents a non-invasive urinary EVs trove of differentially expressed proteins in CAD. This will form a groundwork for understanding the pathophysiology of CAD and will help in future translational research utilizing uEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Human Behaviour Department, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India; Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajinder K Dhamija
- Human Behaviour Department, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Bhushan
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Baswal
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Satyavir Yadav
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Department of Health Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden
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4
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Cauwenberghs N, Verheyen A, Sabovčik F, Ntalianis E, Vanassche T, Brguljan J, Kuznetsova T. Serum proteomic profiling of carotid arteriopathy: A population outcome study. Atherosclerosis 2023; 385:117331. [PMID: 37879154 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Circulating proteins reflecting subclinical vascular disease may improve prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We applied feature selection and unsupervised clustering on proteomic data to identify proteins associated with carotid arteriopathy and construct a protein-based classifier for ASCVD event prediction. METHODS 491 community-dwelling participants (mean age, 58 ± 11 years; 51 % women) underwent carotid ultrasonography and proteomic profiling (CVD II panel, Olink Proteomics). ASCVD outcome was collected (median follow-up time: 10.2 years). We applied partial least squares (PLS) to identify proteins linked to carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Next, we assessed the association between future ASCVD events and protein-based phenogroups derived by unsupervised clustering (Gaussian Mixture modelling) based on proteins selected in PLS. RESULTS PLS identified 19 proteins as important, which were all associated with cIMT in multivariable-adjusted linear regression. 8 of the 19 proteins were excluded from the clustering analysis because of high collinearity. Based on the 11 remaining proteins, the clustering algorithm subdivided the cohort into two phenogroups. Compared to the first phenogroup (n = 177), participants in the second phenogroup (n = 314) presented: i) a more unfavorable lipid profile with higher total cholesterol and triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol (p ≤ 0.014); ii) higher cIMT (p = 0.0020); and iii) a significantly higher risk for future ASCVD events (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95 % CI) versus phenogroup 1: 2.05 (1.26-3.52); p = 0.0093). The protein-based phenogrouping supplemented ACC/AHA 10-year ASCVD risk scoring for prediction of a first ASCVD event. CONCLUSIONS Focused protein-based phenogrouping identified individuals at high risk for future ASCVD and may complement current risk stratification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Cauwenberghs
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Astrid Verheyen
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - František Sabovčik
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evangelos Ntalianis
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanassche
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jana Brguljan
- Hypertension Department, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Medical University Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Wang L, Sorum AW, Huang BS, Kern MK, Su G, Pawar N, Huang X, Liu J, Pohl NLB, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Efficient platform for synthesizing comprehensive heparan sulfate oligosaccharide libraries for decoding glycosaminoglycan-protein interactions. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1108-1117. [PMID: 37349377 PMCID: PMC10979459 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are abundant, ubiquitous carbohydrates in biology, yet their structural complexity has limited an understanding of their biological roles and structure-function relationships. Synthetic access to large collections of well defined, structurally diverse GAG oligosaccharides would provide critical insights into this important class of biomolecules and represent a major advance in glycoscience. Here we report a new platform for synthesizing large heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharide libraries displaying comprehensive arrays of sulfation patterns. Library synthesis is made possible by improving the overall synthetic efficiency through universal building blocks derived from natural heparin and a traceless fluorous tagging method for rapid purification with minimal manual manipulation. Using this approach, we generated a complete library of 64 HS oligosaccharides displaying all possible 2-O-, 6-O- and N-sulfation sequences in the tetrasaccharide GlcN-IdoA-GlcN-IdoA. These diverse structures provide an unprecedented view into the sulfation code of GAGs and identify sequences for modulating the activities of important growth factors and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Alexander W Sorum
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bo-Shun Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mallory K Kern
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Guowei Su
- Glycan Therapeutics Corp, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Nitin Pawar
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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6
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Jääskeläinen I, Petäistö T, Mirzarazi Dahagi E, Mahmoodi M, Pihlajaniemi T, Kaartinen MT, Heljasvaara R. Collagens Regulating Adipose Tissue Formation and Functions. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051412. [PMID: 37239083 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The globally increasing prevalence of obesity is associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver. Excess adipose tissue (AT) often leads to its malfunction and to a systemic metabolic dysfunction because, in addition to storing lipids, AT is an active endocrine system. Adipocytes are embedded in a unique extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural support to the cells as well as participating in the regulation of their functions, such as proliferation and differentiation. Adipocytes have a thin pericellular layer of a specialized ECM, referred to as the basement membrane (BM), which is an important functional unit that lies between cells and tissue stroma. Collagens form a major group of proteins in the ECM, and some of them, especially the BM-associated collagens, support AT functions and participate in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. In pathological conditions such as obesity, AT often proceeds to fibrosis, characterized by the accumulation of large collagen bundles, which disturbs the natural functions of the AT. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the vertebrate collagens that are important for AT development and function and include basic information on some other important ECM components, principally fibronectin, of the AT. We also briefly discuss the function of AT collagens in certain metabolic diseases in which they have been shown to play central roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iida Jääskeläinen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Petäistö
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Elahe Mirzarazi Dahagi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Mahdokht Mahmoodi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari T Kaartinen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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7
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Trieger GW, Pessentheiner AR, Purcell SC, Green CR, DeForest N, Willert K, Majithia AR, Metallo CM, Godula K, Gordts PLSM. Glycocalyx engineering with heparan sulfate mimetics attenuates Wnt activity during adipogenesis to promote glucose uptake and metabolism. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104611. [PMID: 36931394 PMCID: PMC10164900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis by storing lipids and glucose from circulation as intracellular fat. As peripheral tissues like adipose tissue become insulin resistant, decompensation of blood glucose levels occurs causing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Currently, modulating the glycocalyx, a layer of cell-surface glycans, is an underexplored pharmacological treatment strategy to improve glucose homeostasis in T2D patients. Here, we show a novel role for cell-surface heparan sulfate (HS) in establishing glucose uptake capacity and metabolic utilization in differentiated adipocytes. Using a combination of chemical and genetic interventions, we identified that HS modulates this metabolic phenotype by attenuating levels of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis. By engineering, the glycocalyx of pre-adipocytes with exogenous synthetic HS mimetics, we were able to enhance glucose clearance capacity after differentiation through modulation of Wnt ligand availability. These findings establish the cellular glycocalyx as a possible new target for therapeutic intervention in T2D patients by enhancing glucose clearance capacity independent of insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg W Trieger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ariane R Pessentheiner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sean C Purcell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Courtney R Green
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Natalie DeForest
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karl Willert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amit R Majithia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Philip L S M Gordts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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8
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Schultheis N, Becker R, Berhanu G, Kapral A, Roseman M, Shah S, Connell A, Selleck S. Regulation of autophagy, lipid metabolism, and neurodegenerative pathology by heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Front Genet 2023; 13:1012706. [PMID: 36699460 PMCID: PMC9870329 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1012706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate modified proteins or proteoglycans (HSPGs) are an abundant class of cell surface and extracellular matrix molecules. They serve important co-receptor functions in the regulation of signaling as well as membrane trafficking. Many of these activities directly affect processes associated with neurodegeneration including uptake and export of Tau protein, disposition of Amyloid Precursor Protein-derived peptides, and regulation of autophagy. In this review we focus on the impact of HSPGs on autophagy, membrane trafficking, mitochondrial quality control and biogenesis, and lipid metabolism. Disruption of these processes are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and there is evidence that altering heparan sulfate structure and function could counter AD-associated pathological processes. Compromising presenilin function in several systems has provided instructive models for understanding the molecular and cellular underpinnings of AD. Disrupting presenilin function produces a constellation of cellular deficits including accumulation of lipid, disruption of autophagosome to lysosome traffic and reduction in mitochondrial size and number. Inhibition of heparan sulfate biosynthesis has opposing effects on all these cellular phenotypes, increasing mitochondrial size, stimulating autophagy flux to lysosomes, and reducing the level of intracellular lipid. These findings suggest a potential mechanism for countering pathology found in AD and related disorders by altering heparan sulfate structure and influencing cellular processes disrupted broadly in neurodegenerative disease. Vertebrate and invertebrate model systems, where the cellular machinery of autophagy and lipid metabolism are conserved, continue to provide important translational guideposts for designing interventions that address the root cause of neurodegenerative pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Schultheis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Robert Becker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Gelila Berhanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Alexander Kapral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Matthew Roseman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Shalini Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Alyssa Connell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Scott Selleck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada,*Correspondence: Scott Selleck,
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9
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Liu W, Du Q, Zhang H, Han D. The gut microbiome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children. Sleep Med 2022; 100:462-471. [PMID: 36252415 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children has become a major public health problem that affects the physical and mental growth of children. OSAS can result in adverse outcomes during growth and development, inhibiting the normal development of the metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune systems. OSAS is characterized by partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway, and prolonged obstruction that causes intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation in children. The human microbiota is a complex community that is in dynamic equilibrium in the human body. Intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation induced by childhood OSAS alter the composition of the gut microbiome. At the same time, changes in the gut microbiome affect sleep patterns in children through immunomodulatory and metabolic mechanisms, and induce further comorbidities, such as obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. This article discusses recent progress in research into the mechanisms of OSAS-induced changes in the gut microbiota and its pathophysiology in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Liu
- Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Clinical Lab in Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Du
- Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Clinical Lab in Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Clinical Lab in Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dingding Han
- Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Clinical Lab in Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200062, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Extracellular Vesicles, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142229. [PMID: 35883672 PMCID: PMC9320258 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. The underlying mechanisms of most cardiovascular disorders involve innate and adaptive immune responses, and extracellular vesicles are implicated in both. In this review, we describe the mechanistic role of extracellular vesicles at the intersection of inflammatory processes and cardiovascular disease. Our discussion focuses on atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia and ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic aneurysms, and valvular pathology.
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11
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Richter RP, Payne GA, Ambalavanan N, Gaggar A, Richter JR. The endothelial glycocalyx in critical illness: A pediatric perspective. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 14:100106. [PMID: 35392182 PMCID: PMC8981764 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx thins with age and cardiovascular comorbidities. Endothelial glycocalyx is affected by and integral to severe pediatric illnesses. Mechanistic insight into cause/effect of endothelial glycocalyx injury is paramount. Vascular glycocalyx damage in pediatric critical illness warrants further study.
The vascular endothelium is the interface between circulating blood and end organs and thus has a critical role in preserving organ function. The endothelium is lined by a glycan-rich glycocalyx that uniquely contributes to endothelial function through its regulation of leukocyte and platelet interactions with the vessel wall, vascular permeability, coagulation, and vasoreactivity. Degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx can thus promote vascular dysfunction, inflammation propagation, and organ injury. The endothelial glycocalyx and its role in vascular pathophysiology has gained increasing attention over the last decade. While studies characterizing vascular glycocalyx injury and its downstream consequences in a host of adult human diseases and in animal models has burgeoned, studies evaluating glycocalyx damage in pediatric diseases are relatively few. As children have unique physiology that differs from adults, significant knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the causes and effects of endothelial glycocalyx disintegrity in pediatric critical illness. In this narrative literature overview, we offer a unique perspective on the role of the endothelial glycocalyx in pediatric critical illness, drawing from adult and preclinical data in addition to pediatric clinical experience to elucidate how marked derangement of the endothelial surface layer may contribute to aberrant vascular biology in children. By calling attention to this nascent field, we hope to increase research efforts to address important knowledge gaps in pediatric vascular biology that may inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Richter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 5 Avenue South, CPPI Suite 102, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA.
| | - Gregory A. Payne
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Translational Research in Normal and Disordered Development Program, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jillian R. Richter
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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12
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Wang M, Li B, Qin F, Ye J, Jin L. Obesity induced Ext1 reduction mediates the occurrence of NAFLD. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 589:123-130. [PMID: 34906902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder with intricate etiology. It is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Exostosin1 (Ext1) is an ER-resident transmembrane glycosyltransferase, which plays an important role in ER homeostasis. Loss-of-function mutations in Ext1 link to hereditary multiple exostosis (HME). The present research was undertaken to identify the effect of Ext1 in the progress of NAFLD. High-fat-diet induced mice obesity, hepatic steatosis and decreased hepatic Ext1 expression. In consistent with evaluation of NAFLD mice possessing down-regulated Ext1 expression, free fatty acid (FFA) treatment blunted Ext1 expression in hepatocytes. In human subjects, HME patients presented elevated fasting blood glucose-one of the criteria that define insulin resistance. In vitro experiments, Ext1 deficiency promoted FFA-induced insulin resistance in hepatocytes by analysis of glycogen storage and hallmarks of gluconeogenesis, ascertaining its association with insulin resistance. Mechanically, Ext1 silencing exacerbated ER stress triggered by FFA, which severely disrupted autophagy in hepatocytes, and thereby accelerated the progression of NAFLD. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a beneficial role for Ext1 during the development of NAFLD, which establishes a novel correlation between Ext1 and ER stress-induced perturbations of autophagy during NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fujian Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junmei Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Liang Jin
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China.
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13
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Ogata H, Mori M, Jingushi Y, Matsuzaki H, Katahira K, Ishimatsu A, Enokizu-Ogawa A, Taguchi K, Moriwaki A, Yoshida M. Impact of visceral fat on the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019: an observational cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1240. [PMID: 34893021 PMCID: PMC8660963 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clarification of the risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity is strongly warranted for global health. Recent studies have indicated that elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with unfavorable progression of COVID-19. This is assumed to be due to excessive deposition of visceral adipose tissue (VAT); however, the evidence investigating the association between intra-abdominal fat and COVID-19 prognosis is sparse. We therefore investigated whether measuring the amount of intra-abdominal fat is useful to predict the prognosis of COVID-19. Methods The present study enrolled 53 consecutive cases of COVID-19 patients aged ≥ 20 years with chest computed tomography (CT) scans. The VAT area, total adipose tissue (TAT) area, and VAT/TAT ratio were estimated using axial CT images at the level of the upper pole of the right kidney. Severe COVID-19 was defined as death or acute respiratory failure demanding oxygen at ≥ 6 L per minute, a high-flow nasal cannula, or mechanical ventilation. The association of VAT/TAT with the incidence of progression to a severe state was estimated as a hazard ratio (HR) using Cox regression analysis. To compare the prediction ability for COVID-19 disease progression between BMI and VAT/TAT, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of each was assessed. Results A total of 15 cases (28.3% of the whole study subjects) progressed to severe stages. The incidence of developing severe COVID-19 increased significantly with VAT/TAT (HR per 1% increase = 1.040 (95% CI 1.008–1.074), P = 0.01). After adjustment for potential confounders, the positive association of VAT/TAT with COVID-19 aggravation remained significant (multivariable-adjusted HR = 1.055 (95% CI 1.000–1.112) per 1% increase, P = 0.049). The predictive ability of VAT/TAT for COVID-19 becoming severe was significantly better than that of BMI (AUC of 0.73 for VAT/TAT and 0.50 for BMI; P = 0.0495 for the difference). Conclusions A higher ratio of VAT/TAT was an independent risk factor for disease progression among COVID-19 patients. VAT/TAT was superior to BMI in predicting COVID-19 morbidity. COVID-19 patients with high VAT/TAT levels should be carefully observed as high-risk individuals for morbidity and mortality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06958-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ogata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1394, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Mori
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1394, Japan
| | - Yujiro Jingushi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1394, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuzaki
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1394, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Katahira
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1394, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishimatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1394, Japan
| | - Aimi Enokizu-Ogawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1394, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Taguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1394, Japan
| | - Atsushi Moriwaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1394, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1394, Japan
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14
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Jin M, Zhang D, Zheng L, Wei Y, Yan S, Qin H, Wang Q, Zhao L, Feng H. Lipopolysaccharide and tyloxapol accelerate the development of atherosclerosis in mice. Lipids 2021; 57:83-90. [PMID: 34875723 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of atherosclerosis is closely related to inflammation and lipid metabolism disorder. It has been found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce inflammation, and tyloxapol (Ty) could induce hyperlipidemia. However, the effects of LPS and Ty on the development and mechanism of atherosclerosis have not been investigated thoroughly. To answer this question, we used assay kits to detect total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) content to evaluate dyslipidemia. We used hematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate the pathological structure of the aorta and liver, and then used Oil Red O staining to access lipid accumulation in the aortic wall. Subsequently, we used the alanine transaminase (ALT) kit to examine the liver injury. Finally, we used the Western blot experiment to measure proteins that regulate lipid metabolism. We found that the LPS + Ty group could increase the levels of TC, TG, and LDL in the serum and promote lipid accumulation in the aortic wall in mice. Moreover, our study showed that the LPS + Ty group induced pathological changes in hepatocytes and increased ALT content in mice. Significantly, we found that the LPS + Ty group could activate acetyl-CoA carboxylase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and inhibit peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α in mice. Therefore, we suppose that LPS and Ty aggravated the development of atherosclerosis by promoting hyperlipidemia and the disorder of lipid metabolism in mice. These findings are significant for the study of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the selection of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianwen Zheng
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Siru Yan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for all aspects of vascular pathobiology. In vascular disease the balance of its structural components is shifted. In atherosclerotic plaques there is in fact a dynamic battle between stabilizing and proinflammatory responses. This review explores the most recent strides that have been made to detail the active role of the ECM - and its main binding partners - in driving atherosclerotic plaque development and destabilization. RECENT FINDINGS Proteoglycans-glycosaminoglycans (PGs-GAGs) synthesis and remodelling, as well as elastin synthesis, cross-linking, degradation and its elastokines potentially affect disease progression, providing multiple steps for potential therapeutic intervention and diagnostic targeted imaging. Of note, GAGs biosynthetic enzymes modulate the phenotype of vascular resident and infiltrating cells. In addition, while plaque collagen structure exerts very palpable effects on its immediate surroundings, a new role for collagen is also emerging on a more systemic level as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease as well as a target for selective drug-delivery. SUMMARY The importance of studying the ECM in atherosclerosis is more and more acknowledged and various systems are being developed to visualize, target and mimic it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysostomi Gialeli
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö
| | - Annelie Shami
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö
- Department of Cardiology, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
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16
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Van Valkenburgh J, Meuret C, Martinez AE, Kodancha V, Solomon V, Chen K, Yassine HN. Understanding the Exchange of Systemic HDL Particles Into the Brain and Vascular Cells Has Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:700847. [PMID: 34552500 PMCID: PMC8450374 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.700847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are complex, heterogenous lipoprotein particles, consisting of a large family of apolipoproteins, formed in subspecies of distinct shapes, sizes, and functions and are synthesized in both the brain and the periphery. HDL apolipoproteins are important determinants of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and vascular dementia, having both central and peripheral effects on brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation and vascular functions, however, the extent to which HDL particles (HLD-P) can exchange their protein and lipid components between the central nervous system (CNS) and the systemic circulation remains unclear. In this review, we delineate how HDL’s structure and composition enable exchange between the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment, and vascular cells that ultimately affect brain amyloid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we then elucidate how modifications of HDL-P have diagnostic and therapeutic potential for brain vascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Van Valkenburgh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cristiana Meuret
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashley E Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vibha Kodancha
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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17
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Shimizu-Albergine M, Basu D, Kanter JE, Kramer F, Kothari V, Barnhart S, Thornock C, Mullick AE, Clouet-Foraison N, Vaisar T, Heinecke JW, Hegele RA, Goldberg IJ, Bornfeldt KE. CREBH normalizes dyslipidemia and halts atherosclerosis in diabetes by decreasing circulating remnant lipoproteins. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e153285. [PMID: 34491909 DOI: 10.1172/jci153285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the transcription factor CREB3L3 (CREBH) associate with severe hypertriglyceridemia in humans. CREBH is believed to lower plasma triglycerides by augmenting the action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). However, by using a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), we found that greater liver expression of active CREBH normalized both elevated plasma triglycerides and cholesterol. Residual triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) remnants were enriched in apolipoprotein E (APOE) and impoverished in APOC3, an apolipoprotein composition indicative of increased hepatic clearance. The underlying mechanism was independent of LPL as CREBH reduced both triglycerides and cholesterol in LPL-deficient mice. Instead, APOE was critical for CREBH's ability to lower circulating remnant lipoproteins because it failed to reduce TRL cholesterol in Apoe-/- mice. Importantly, humans with CREB3L3 loss-of-function mutations exhibited increased levels of remnant lipoproteins that were deprived of APOE. Recent evidence suggests that impaired clearance of TRL remnants promotes cardiovascular disease in patients with T1DM. Consistently, we found that hepatic expression of CREBH prevented the progression of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. Our results support the proposal that CREBH acts through an APOE-dependent pathway to increase hepatic clearance of remnant lipoproteins. They also implicate elevated levels of remnants in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debapriya Basu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Jenny E Kanter
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Farah Kramer
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Shelley Barnhart
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Carissa Thornock
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Adam E Mullick
- Cardiovascular Disease Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, United States of America
| | | | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Blackburn Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
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18
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Hajny S, Borup A, Elsøe S, Christoffersen C. Increased plasma apoM levels impair triglyceride turnover in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158969. [PMID: 34051379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is an essential transporter of plasma Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P), typically attached to all lipoprotein classes, but with a majority bound to high density lipoproteins (HDL). ApoM-deficient mice display an increased activity in brown adipose tissue and a concomitant fast turnover of triglycerides. In what manner apoM/S1P affect the triglyceride metabolism is however still unknown and explored in the present study. METHODS Triglyceride turnover and potentially associated metabolic pathways were studied in the female human apoM transgenic mouse model (apoM-Tg) with increased plasma apoM and S1P levels. The model was compared with wild type (WT) mice. RESULTS ApoM-Tg mice had a reduced plasma triglyceride turnover rate and a lower free fatty acid uptake in subcutaneous adipocytes compared to WT mice. Screening for potential molecular mechanisms furthermore revealed a reduction in plasma lipase activity in apoM-Tg animals. Overexpression of apoM also reduced the plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). CONCLUSIONS The study features the significant role of the apoM/S1P axis in maintaining a balanced triglyceride metabolism. Further, it also highlights the risk of inducing dyslipidaemia in patients receiving S1P-analouges and additionlly emphasizes the apoM/S1P axis as a potential therapeutic target in treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hajny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anna Borup
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Elsøe
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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19
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Kristensen KK, Leth-Espensen KZ, Kumari A, Grønnemose AL, Lund-Winther AM, Young SG, Ploug M. GPIHBP1 and ANGPTL4 Utilize Protein Disorder to Orchestrate Order in Plasma Triglyceride Metabolism and Regulate Compartmentalization of LPL Activity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:702508. [PMID: 34336854 PMCID: PMC8319833 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.702508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) is crucial for delivery of dietary lipids fueling energy metabolism in heart and skeletal muscle and for storage in white adipose tissue. During the last decade, mechanisms underlying focal lipolytic processing of TRLs along the luminal surface of capillaries have been clarified by fresh insights into the functions of lipoprotein lipase (LPL); LPL's dedicated transporter protein, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1); and its endogenous inhibitors, angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) proteins 3, 4, and 8. Key discoveries in LPL biology include solving the crystal structure of LPL, showing LPL is catalytically active as a monomer rather than as a homodimer, and that the borderline stability of LPL's hydrolase domain is crucial for the regulation of LPL activity. Another key discovery was understanding how ANGPTL4 regulates LPL activity. The binding of ANGPTL4 to LPL sequences adjacent to the catalytic cavity triggers cooperative and sequential unfolding of LPL's hydrolase domain resulting in irreversible collapse of the catalytic cavity and loss of LPL activity. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the ANGPTL3-ANGPTL8 complex for endocrine regulation of LPL activity in oxidative organs (e.g., heart, skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue), but the molecular mechanisms have not been fully defined. New insights have also been gained into LPL-GPIHBP1 interactions and how GPIHBP1 moves LPL to its site of action in the capillary lumen. GPIHBP1 is an atypical member of the LU (Ly6/uPAR) domain protein superfamily, containing an intrinsically disordered and highly acidic N-terminal extension and a disulfide bond-rich three-fingered LU domain. Both the disordered acidic domain and the folded LU domain are crucial for the stability and transport of LPL, and for modulating its susceptibility to ANGPTL4-mediated unfolding. This review focuses on recent advances in the biology and biochemistry of crucial proteins for intravascular lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Kølby Kristensen
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Zinck Leth-Espensen
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anni Kumari
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Louise Grønnemose
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Lund-Winther
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen G Young
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael Ploug
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Cheng Y, Du X, Zhang B, Zhang J. Increased Serum WISP1 Levels are Associated with Lower Extremity Atherosclerotic Disease in Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2021; 130:248-253. [PMID: 33930896 DOI: 10.1055/a-1474-8220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum wnt1-induced signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) levels are increased with obesity, which is a common complication associated with lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD). However, to date, the relationship between elevated WISP1 levels and the incidence of lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. METHODS 174 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled in our study. Patients were divided into two groups, LEAD group (n=100) and control group (n=74). Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and some biochemical parameters were obtained. Body composition was detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Levels of serum insulin were determined by radioimmunoassay. Serum WISP1 and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS It was shown that serum WISP1 levels in diabetic patients with LEAD were higher than those without LEAD (P<0.001). Serum WISP1 levels were positively related with waist circumference (r=0.237, P=0.003), waist-hip ratio (r=0.22, P=0.006), visceral fat area (r=0.354, P<0.001), serum creatinine (r=0.192, P=0.012), interleukin 6 (r=0.182, P=0.032), c-reactive protein (r=0.681, P<0.001), triglycerides (r=0.119, P<0.001), fasting glucose (r=0.196, P=0.011), glycated hemoglobin (r=0.284, P<0.001), and HOMA-IR (r=0.285, P<0.026). Compared with the lowest tertile, the odds ratio of the middle tertile for LEAD incidence was 3.27 (95% CI, 1.24-8.64) and 4.46 (95% CI, 1.62-12.29) for the highest tertile after adjusting confounding factors. CONCLUSION The results suggest that increased serum WISP1 levels independently contribute to the incidence of LEAD in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Theater Command General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Theater Command General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Bilin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Theater Command General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Theater Command General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
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21
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Demeulemeester F, de Punder K, van Heijningen M, van Doesburg F. Obesity as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 and Complications: A Review. Cells 2021; 10:933. [PMID: 33920604 PMCID: PMC8073853 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that obesity is a major risk factor for the progression of major complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cytokine storm and coagulopathy in COVID-19. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the link between obesity and disease severity as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for the development of new therapeutic interventions and preventive measures in this high-risk group. We propose that multiple features of obesity contribute to the prevalence of severe COVID-19 and complications. First, viral entry can be facilitated by the upregulation of viral entry receptors, like angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), among others. Second, obesity-induced chronic inflammation and disruptions of insulin and leptin signaling can result in impaired viral clearance and a disproportionate or hyper-inflammatory response, which together with elevated ferritin levels can be a direct cause for ARDS and cytokine storm. Third, the negative consequences of obesity on blood coagulation can contribute to the progression of thrombus formation and hemorrhage. In this review we first summarize clinical findings on the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 disease severity and then further discuss potential mechanisms that could explain the risk for major complications in patients suffering from obesity.
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22
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Hu Y, Meuret C, Martinez A, Yassine HN, Nedelkov D. Distinct patterns of apolipoprotein C-I, C-II, and C-III isoforms are associated with markers of Alzheimer's disease. J Lipid Res 2020; 62:100014. [PMID: 33518512 PMCID: PMC7859854 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins C-I, C-II, and C-III interact with ApoE to regulate lipoprotein metabolism and contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. In plasma, apoC-I and C-II exist as truncated isoforms, while apoC-III exhibits multiple glycoforms. This study aimed to 1) delineate apoC-I, C-II, and C-III isoform profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in a cohort of nondemented older individuals (n = 61), and 2) examine the effect of APOE4 on these isoforms and their correlation with CSF Aβ42, a surrogate of brain amyloid accumulation. The isoforms of the apoCs were immunoaffinity enriched and measured with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, revealing a significantly higher percentage of truncated apoC-I and apoC-II in CSF compared with matched plasma, with positive correlation between CSF and plasma. A greater percentage of monosialylated and disialylated apoC-III isoforms was detected in CSF, accompanied by a lower percentage of the two nonsialylated apoC-III isoforms, with significant linear correlations between CSF and plasma. Furthermore, a greater percentage of truncated apoC-I in CSF and apoC-II in plasma and CSF was observed in individuals carrying at least one APOE Ɛ4 allele. Increased apoC-I and apoC-II truncations were associated with lower CSF Aβ42. Finally, monosialylated apoC-III was lower, and disialylated apoC-III greater in the CSF of Ɛ4 carriers. Together, these results reveal distinct patterns of the apoCs isoforms in CSF, implying CSF-specific apoCs processing. These patterns were accentuated in APOE Ɛ4 allele carriers, suggesting an association between APOE4 genotype and Alzheimer's disease pathology with apoCs processing and function in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley Martinez
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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23
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Cohen JD, Bermudez JG, Good MC, Sundaram MV. A C. elegans Zona Pellucida domain protein functions via its ZPc domain. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009188. [PMID: 33141826 PMCID: PMC7665627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zona Pellucida domain (ZP) proteins are critical components of the body's external-most protective layers, apical extracellular matrices (aECMs). Although their loss or dysfunction is associated with many diseases, it remains unclear how ZP proteins assemble in aECMs. Current models suggest that ZP proteins polymerize via their ZPn subdomains, while ZPc subdomains modulate ZPn behavior. Using the model organism C. elegans, we investigated the aECM assembly of one ZP protein, LET-653, which shapes several tubes. Contrary to prevailing models, we find that LET-653 localizes and functions via its ZPc domain. Furthermore, we show that ZPc domain function requires cleavage at the LET-653 C-terminus, likely in part to relieve inhibition of the ZPc by the ZPn domain, but also to promote some other aspect of ZPc domain function. In vitro, the ZPc, but not ZPn, domain bound crystalline aggregates. These data offer a new model for ZP function whereby the ZPc domain is primarily responsible for matrix incorporation and tissue shaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D. Cohen
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jessica G. Bermudez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew C. Good
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Meera V. Sundaram
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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24
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Wang T, Zhao Y, You Z, Li X, Xiong M, Li H, Yan N. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Affects Cholesterol Homeostasis by Inhibiting LXRα Expression in Hepatocytes and Macrophages. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103088. [PMID: 33050595 PMCID: PMC7601278 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most common cardiovascular disease, and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) plays an important role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. Both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and LXRα can affect the metabolism of cholesterol. However, whether ER stress can modulate cholesterol metabolism by LXRα in hepatocytes and macrophages remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between ER stress induced by tunicamycin and LXRα in hepatocytes and macrophages and clarify their possible mechanisms and roles in AS. C57BL/6 mice and Huh-7 and THP-1 cells were treated with tunicamycin and LXR-623 (an agonist of LXRα) alone or in combination. Tunicamycin-induced ER stress caused liver injury; promoted the accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides; inhibited the expression of LXRα, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in the livers of mice, thus reducing serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels; however, LXR-623 could attenuate ER stress and reverse these changes. We also obtained the same results in Huh-7 and THP-1 cells. ER stress induced by tunicamycin could clearly be reversed by activating LXRα because it promoted cholesterol efflux by enhancing the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in hepatocytes and macrophages, contributing to attenuation of the development of AS.
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25
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Kang H, Sun A, Wu Q, Yang J, Zhang W, Qu Y, Gao M, Deng X. Atherogenic diet-diminished endothelial glycocalyx contributes to impaired vasomotor properties in rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H814-H823. [PMID: 32822214 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00039.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia- and atherosclerosis-caused vasomotor property dysfunction may be involved in many clinic manifestations of atherosclerosis, including angina, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. However, its underlying mechanism is not clear. The endothelial glycocalyx is a protective surface layer on the endothelial cells, serving as a molecular sieve, cell adhesion modulator, and mechanosensor for blood flow. In the present study, we demonstrated by confocal microscopy in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats fed a 12-wk high-cholesterol diet (HC) compared with the normal diet (NC) that the dimension of the endothelial glycocalyx reduced significantly in both the common carotid artery (2.89 ± 0.41 µm and 3.25 ± 0.44 μm, respectively) and the internal sinus region (2.35 ± 0.07 µm and 3.46 ± 0.86 μm, respectively). Furthermore, we showed by real-time PCR that this dimension modification of endothelial glycocalyx may be attributed to a significant downregulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)-related genes, including syndecan-3, glypican-1, and EXT1, not resulting from an enhanced shedding of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) from the vessel wall to the plasma. Meanwhile, the mean contraction and relaxation forces of the common carotid artery with responses to norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh) decreased ~0.34- and 0.13-fold, respectively, accompanied by a lower level of nitric oxide (NO) release. These findings suggest that the atherogenic high cholesterol diet diminished endothelial glycocalyx and disturbed the local NO release, thus contributing to the impaired vasomotor properties of the vessel.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Twelve-week high-cholesterol (HC) diet reduces the thickness of the endothelial glycocalyx in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats, which is mainly attributed to a downregulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan-related genes (syndecan-3, glypican-1, EXT1), not resulting from an enhanced shedding of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) into the plasma. HC-diminished glycocalyx may disturb its mechanotransduction of local shear stress, lower nitric oxide (NO) release, and impair vasomotor responses to norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Kang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Anqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Menghan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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26
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Li L, Su C, Chen X, Wang Q, Jiao W, Luo H, Tang J, Wang W, Li S, Guo S. Chlorogenic Acids in Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Dietary Consumption, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6464-6484. [PMID: 32441927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) have gained considerable attention as pervasive human dietary constituents with potential cardiovascular-preserving effects. The main sources include coffee, yerba mate, Eucommia ulmodies leaves, and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. CGA consumption can reduce the risks of hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and other factors associated with cardiovascular risk, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review recapitulates recent advances of CGAs in the cardiovascular-preserving effects, pharmacokinetics, sources, and safety. Emerging evidence indicates that CGAs exhibit circulatory guarding properties through the suppression of oxidative stress, leukocyte infiltration, platelet aggregation, platelet-leukocyte interactions, vascular remodeling, and apoptosis as well as the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and vasodilatory action in the cardiovascular system. CGAs exert these effects by acting on complex signaling networks, but the global mechanisms are still not clear. The oral bioavailability of CGA is poor, and there is a potential sensitization concern about CGA. The bioactive metabolites, systematic toxicity, and optimized structure are needed for further identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Congping Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Jiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayang Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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27
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Pessentheiner AR, Ducasa GM, Gordts PLSM. Proteoglycans in Obesity-Associated Metabolic Dysfunction and Meta-Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:769. [PMID: 32508807 PMCID: PMC7248225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are a specific subset of glycoproteins found at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, where they interact with a plethora of proteins involved in metabolic homeostasis and meta-inflammation. Over the last decade, new insights have emerged on the mechanism and biological significance of these interactions in the context of diet-induced disorders such as obesity and type-2 diabetes. Complications of energy metabolism drive most diet-induced metabolic disorders, which results in low-grade chronic inflammation, thereby affecting proper function of many vital organs involved in energy homeostasis, such as the brain, liver, kidney, heart and adipose tissue. Here, we discuss how heparan, chondroitin and keratan sulfate proteoglycans modulate obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction and low-grade inflammation that impact the initiation and progression of obesity-associated morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane R. Pessentheiner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - G. Michelle Ducasa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Philip L. S. M. Gordts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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28
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Iozzo RV, Theocharis AD, Neill T, Karamanos NK. Complexity of matrix phenotypes. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 6-7:100038. [PMID: 33543032 PMCID: PMC7852209 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is engaged in an ever-evolving and elegant ballet of dynamic reciprocity that directly and bi-directionally regulates cell behavior. Homeostatic and pathophysiological changes in cell-matrix signaling cascades manifest as complex matrix phenotypes. Indeed, the extracellular matrix can be implicated in virtually every known human disease, thus, making it the most critical and dynamic "organ" in the human body. The overall goal of this Special Issue is to provide an accurate and inclusive functional definition that addresses the inherent complexity of matrix phenotypes. This goal is summarily achieved via a corpus of expertly written articles, reviews and original research, focused at answering this question empirically and fundamentally via state-of-the-art methods and research strategies.
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Key Words
- ADAM, a disintegrin and metalloproteinases
- AGE, advanced glycation end products
- Angiogenesis
- Cancer
- Collagen
- DDR1, discoidin domain receptor 1
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EMILIN1, elastin microfibril interfacer 1
- EMILIN2, elastin microfibril interfacer 2
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- ERα, estrogen receptor α
- ERβ, estrogen receptor β
- GBM, glioblastoma
- HA, hyaluronan
- HAS2, hyaluronan synthase 2
- HAS2-AS1, HAS2 antisense 1
- HB-EGF, heparin binding EGF
- HMGA2, high-mobility group AT-Hook 2
- IBC, inflammatory breast cancer
- IGF-IR, insulin growth factor I receptor
- IR-A, insulin receptor A
- LEKTI, lympho-epithelial Kazal-type inhibitor
- LOX, lysyl oxidases
- LTBP, latent TGFβ-binding proteins
- MAGP, microfibril-associated glycoproteins
- MET, mesenchymal-epithelial transition
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinases
- Methodologies
- OB, osteoblast
- OI, osteogenesis imperfecta
- PARs, protease activated receptors
- PG, proteoglycans
- PLL, poly-l-lysine
- Proteoglycans
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- SLRP, small leucine rich proteoglycans
- SSR, solar-simulated radiation
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TNT, tunneling nanotubes
- UVR, ultraviolet radiation
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- miR, microRNA
- tPA, tissue-type plasminogen activator
- uPA, urokinase-type plasminogen activator
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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29
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Bachvarova V, Dierker T, Esko J, Hoffmann D, Kjellen L, Vortkamp A. Chondrocytes respond to an altered heparan sulfate composition with distinct changes of heparan sulfate structure and increased levels of chondroitin sulfate. Matrix Biol 2020; 93:43-59. [PMID: 32201365 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) regulates the activity of many signaling molecules critical for the development of endochondral bones. Even so, mice with a genetically altered HS metabolism display a relatively mild skeletal phenotype compared to the defects observed in other tissues and organs pointing to a reduced HS dependency of growth-factor signaling in chondrocytes. To understand this difference, we have investigated the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composition in two mouse lines that produce either reduced levels of HS (Ext1gt/gt mice) or HS lacking 2-O-sulfation (Hs2st1-/- mice). Analysis by RPIP-HPLC revealed an increased level of sulfated disaccarides not affected by the mutation in both mouse lines indicating that chondrocytes attempt to restore a critical level of sulfation. In addition, in both mutant lines we also detected significantly elevated levels of CS. Size exclusion chromatography further demonstrated that Ext1gt/gt mutants produce more but shorter CS chains, while the CS chains produced by (Hs2st1-/- mice) mutants are of similar length to that of wild type littermates indicating that chondrocytes produce more rather than longer CS chains. Expression analysis revealed an upregulation of aggrecan, which likely carries most of the additionally produced CS. Together the results of this study demonstrate for the first time that not only a reduced HS synthesis but also an altered HS structure leads to increased levels of CS in mammalian tissues. Furthermore, as chondrocytes produce 100-fold more CS than HS the increased CS levels point to an active, precursor-independent mechanism that senses the quality of HS in a vast excess of CS. Interestingly, reducing the level of cell surface CS by chondroitinase treatment leads to reduced Bmp2 induced Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation. In addition, Erk phosphorylation is increased independent of Fgf18 treatment indicating that both, HS and CS, affect growth factor signaling in chondrocytes in distinct manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velina Bachvarova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr 1-5,45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - Tabea Dierker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jeffrey Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD, United States.
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
| | - Lena Kjellen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andrea Vortkamp
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr 1-5,45117 Essen, Germany.
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30
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Extracellular matrix: the gatekeeper of tumor angiogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1543-1555. [PMID: 31652436 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a network of secreted macromolecules that provides a harmonious meshwork for the growth and homeostatic development of organisms. It conveys multiple signaling cascades affecting specific surface receptors that impact cell behavior. During cancer growth, this bioactive meshwork is remodeled and enriched in newly formed blood vessels, which provide nutrients and oxygen to the growing tumor cells. Remodeling of the tumor microenvironment leads to the formation of bioactive fragments that may have a distinct function from their parent molecules, and the balance among these factors directly influence cell viability and metastatic progression. Indeed, the matrix acts as a gatekeeper by regulating the access of cancer cells to nutrients. Here, we will critically evaluate the role of selected matrix constituents in regulating tumor angiogenesis and provide up-to-date information concerning their primary mechanisms of action.
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31
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Yang J, Shen M, Wen H, Luo Y, Huang R, Rong L, Xie J. Recent advance in delivery system and tissue engineering applications of chondroitin sulfate. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 230:115650. [PMID: 31887904 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a naturally derived bioactive macromolecule and the major component of extracellular matrix (ECM), which widely distributed in various organisms and has attracted much attention due to their significant bioactivities. It is regarded as a favorable biomaterial that has been applied extensively in field of drug delivery and tissue engineering due to its property of non-poisonous, biodegradation, biocompatible and as a major component of ECM. The present article reviews the structure and bioactivities of CS, from the preparation to structure analysis, and emphatically focuses on the biomaterial exertion in delivery system and tissue engineering. At the same time, the present application status and prospect of CS are analyzed and the biomaterial exertion of CS in delivery system and various tissue engineering are also comparatively discussed in view of biomaterial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Huiliang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Yu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Liyuan Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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32
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Kegulian NC, Ramms B, Horton S, Trenchevska O, Nedelkov D, Graham MJ, Lee RG, Esko JD, Yassine HN, Gordts PLSM. ApoC-III Glycoforms Are Differentially Cleared by Hepatic TRL (Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein) Receptors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2145-2156. [PMID: 31390883 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ApoC-III (apolipoprotein C-III) glycosylation can predict cardiovascular disease risk. Higher abundance of disialylated (apoC-III2) over monosialylated (apoC-III1) glycoforms is associated with lower plasma triglyceride levels. Yet, it remains unclear whether apoC-III glycosylation impacts TRL (triglyceride-rich lipoprotein) clearance and whether apoC-III antisense therapy (volanesorsen) affects distribution of apoC-III glycoforms. Approach and Results: To measure the abundance of human apoC-III glycoforms in plasma over time, human TRLs were injected into wild-type mice and mice lacking hepatic TRL clearance receptors, namely HSPGs (heparan sulfate proteoglycans) or both LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) and LRP1 (LDLR-related protein 1). ApoC-III was more rapidly cleared in the absence of HSPG (t1/2=25.4 minutes) than in wild-type animals (t1/2=55.1 minutes). In contrast, deficiency of LDLR and LRP1 (t1/2=56.1 minutes) did not affect clearance of apoC-III. After injection, a significant increase in the relative abundance of apoC-III2 was observed in HSPG-deficient mice, whereas the opposite was observed in mice lacking LDLR and LRP1. In patients, abundance of plasma apoC-III glycoforms was assessed after placebo or volanesorsen administration. Volanesorsen treatment correlated with a statistically significant 1.4-fold increase in the relative abundance of apoC-III2 and a 15% decrease in that of apoC-III1. The decrease in relative apoC-III1 abundance was strongly correlated with decreased plasma triglyceride levels in patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that HSPGs preferentially clear apoC-III2. In contrast, apoC-III1 is more effectively cleared by LDLR/LRP1. Clinically, the increase in the apoC-III2/apoC-III1 ratio on antisense lowering of apoC-III might reflect faster clearance of apoC-III1 because this metabolic shift associates with improved triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Kegulian
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (N.C.K., S.H., H.N.Y.)
| | - Bastian Ramms
- Department of Medicine (B.R., J.D.E., P.L.S.M.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry I, Bielefeld University, Germany (B.R.)
| | - Steven Horton
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (N.C.K., S.H., H.N.Y.)
| | | | - Dobrin Nedelkov
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe (O.T., D.N.)
| | - Mark J Graham
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., R.G.L.)
| | - Richard G Lee
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., R.G.L.)
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Medicine (B.R., J.D.E., P.L.S.M.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center (J.D.E., P.L.S.M.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (N.C.K., S.H., H.N.Y.)
| | - Philip L S M Gordts
- Department of Medicine (B.R., J.D.E., P.L.S.M.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center (J.D.E., P.L.S.M.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
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Gubbiotti MA, Buraschi S, Kapoor A, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan signaling in tumor angiogenesis and endothelial cell autophagy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:1-8. [PMID: 31078640 PMCID: PMC7864242 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The need for more effective cancer therapies is omnipresent as the ever-complex, and highly adaptive, mechanisms of tumor biology allow this disease to elude even the most stringent treatment options. The expanding field of proteoglycan signaling is enticing as a reservoir of potential drug targets and prospects for novel therapeutic strategies. The newest trend in proteoglycan biology is the interplay between extracellular signaling and autophagy fueled by the close link between autophagy and angiogenesis. Here we summarize the most current evidence surrounding proteoglycan signaling in both of these biological processes featuring the well-known suspects, decorin and perlecan, as well as other up-and-coming neophytes in this evolving signaling web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gubbiotti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Riley HJ, Bradshaw AD. The Influence of the Extracellular Matrix in Inflammation: Findings from the SPARC-Null Mouse. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1624-1629. [PMID: 30980479 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are secreted proteins that, among other functions, can contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly including modulation of cell:ECM interactions. Recent discoveries have indicated a fundamental role for the ECM in the regulation of inflammatory responses including cell extravasation and recruitment, immune cell differentiation, polarization, activation, and retention in tissues. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular collagen-binding protein implicated in fibrillar collagen assembly in the ECM of connective tissue as well as in basal lamina organization. Functions of SPARC in modulating cell adhesion events are also reported. Studies of phenotypic responses observed in SPARC-null mice to a variety of injury models have yielded interesting insight into the functional importance of SPARC production and aberrations in ECM structure that occur in the absence of SPARC that influence immune cell behavior and inflammatory pathways. In this review, we will discuss several examples from different tissues in which SPARC-null mice exhibited an inflammatory response distinct from those of SPARC expressing mice and provide insight into novel ECM-dependent mechanisms that influence these responses. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Riley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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Dou H, Song A, Jia S, Zhang L. Heparinoids Danaparoid and Sulodexide as clinically used drugs. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 163:55-74. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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