1
|
Khatib H, Townsend J, Konkel MA, Conidi G, Hasselkus JA. Calling the question: what is mammalian transgenerational epigenetic inheritance? Epigenetics 2024; 19:2333586. [PMID: 38525788 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2333586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
While transgenerational epigenetic inheritance has been extensively documented in plants, nematodes, and fruit flies, its existence in mammals remains controversial. Several factors have contributed to this debate, including the lack of a clear distinction between intergenerational and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI), the inconsistency of some studies, the potential confounding effects of in-utero vs. epigenetic factors, and, most importantly, the biological challenge of epigenetic reprogramming. Two waves of epigenetic reprogramming occur: in the primordial germ cells and the developing embryo after fertilization, characterized by global erasure of DNA methylation and remodelling of histone modifications. Consequently, TEI can only occur if specific genetic regions evade this reprogramming and persist through embryonic development. These challenges have revived the long-standing debate about the possibility of inheriting acquired traits, which has been strongly contested since the Lamarckian and Darwinian eras. As a result, coupled with the absence of universally accepted criteria for transgenerational epigenetic studies, a vast body of literature has emerged claiming evidence of TEI. Therefore, the goal of this study is to advocate for establishing fundamental criteria that must be met for a study to qualify as evidence of TEI. We identified five criteria based on the consensus of studies that critically evaluated TEI. To assess whether published original research papers adhere to these criteria, we examined 80 studies that either claimed or were cited as supporting TEI. The findings of this analysis underscore the widespread confusion in this field and highlight the urgent need for a unified scientific consensus on TEI requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Khatib
- The Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessica Townsend
- The Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa A Konkel
- The Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gabi Conidi
- The Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julia A Hasselkus
- The Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santos da Silva Calado CM, Manhães-de-Castro R, Souza VDS, Cavalcanti Bezerra Gouveia HJ, Pereira SDC, da Silva MM, Albuquerque GLD, Lima BMP, Lira AVSMD, Toscano AE. Early-life malnutrition role in memory, emotional behavior and motor impairments in early brain lesions with potential for neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38963807 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2361572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to evaluate the impact of early exposure to brain injury and malnutrition on episodic memory and behavior. METHODS For this, a systematic review was carried out in the Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS databases with no year or language restrictions. RESULTS Initially, 1759 studies were detected. After screening, 53 studies remained to be read in full. The meta-analysis demonstrated that exposure to double insults worsens episodic recognition memory but does not affect spatial memory. Early exposure to low-protein diets has been demonstrated to aggravate locomotor and masticatory sequelae. Furthermore, it reduces the weight of the soleus muscle and the muscle fibers of the masseter and digastric muscles. Early exposure to high-fat diets promotes an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, increasing anxiety- and depression-like behavior and reducing locomotion. DISCUSSION Epigenetic modifications were noted in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and prefrontal cortex depending on the type of dietetic exposure in early life. These findings demonstrate the impact of the double insult on regions involved in cognitive and behavioral processes. Additional studies are essential to understand the real impact of the double insults in the critical period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caio Matheus Santos da Silva Calado
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Vanessa da Silva Souza
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Henrique José Cavalcanti Bezerra Gouveia
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sabrina da Conceição Pereira
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria da Silva
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Glayciele Leandro de Albuquerque
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bruno Monteiro Paiva Lima
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Elisa Toscano
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
- Nursing Unit, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão-Pernambuco, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Catalano R, Bonham J, Gemmill A, Bruckner T. Scarring In Utero: An Attempt to Validate With Data Unconfounded by Migration and Medical Care. Epidemiology 2024; 35:499-505. [PMID: 38912712 PMCID: PMC11198922 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Scarring in utero" posits that populations exposed to injurious stressors yield birth cohorts that live shorter lives than expected from history. This argument implies a positive historical association between period life expectancy (i.e., average age at death in year t) and cohort life expectancy (i.e., average lifespan of persons born in year t). Tests of the argument have not produced consistent results and appear confounded by autocorrelation, migration, and access to medical care. Here we test whether, as predicted by scarring in utero, sex-specific period and cohort life expectancy appear positively related among Swedes born from 1751 through 1800. If scarring has ever influenced longevity, we should detect signals of its effects in these cohorts because, unlike other populations with known life span, they aged in place and unlikely benefitted from increased access to efficacious medical care. METHODS We use Box-Jenkins methods to control autocorrelation and measure associations. RESULTS Contrary to the scarring hypothesis, we find an inverse association between period and cohort life expectancy. Our findings imply that, among males, variation in injurious stress on the population predicted changes in cohort life span ranging from a gain of approximately 67 weeks to a loss of about 45 weeks of life and among females from a gain of approximately 68 weeks to a loss of about 38 weeks of life. CONCLUSION Epidemiologists trying to understand and explain temporal variation in cohort life expectancy should view the scarring argument with greater skepticism than currently found in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Catalano
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Jason Bonham
- Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Alison Gemmill
- Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tim Bruckner
- Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lust K, Jaadla H. Vestiges of famine: Long-term mortality impacts of early-life exposure to the 1840s famine in Estonia. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2024; 54:101400. [PMID: 38744103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The paper investigates whether exposure to a famine in the Russian Tsarist Province of Livland in 1844-1846 in early life negatively affected survival at later ages, using individual data from two rural parishes. We follow 18 birth cohorts born between 1834-1852 until age 75 and differentiate between timing and length of exposures. We find that relative to individuals born in pre- or post- crisis years, there were no significant differences in survival from age 21-75. Cohorts with longer exposure to famine conditions had increased mortality only in short term, up to age 20. Males were more vulnerable in younger ages than females. The negative effect of adverse early life exposure on survival in later life was constrained to lower social group - the landless, but for the better-off groups the effect was constrained to younger ages. The paper highlights the importance of accounting for sex and socio-economic differences in studies exploring the effects of early life conditions on later-life survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kersti Lust
- Estonian Institute for Population Studies, Tallinn University, Estonia.
| | - Hannaliis Jaadla
- Estonian Institute for Population Studies, Tallinn University, Estonia; Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure, Dept of Geography, University of Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Skowronski AA, Leibel RL, LeDuc CA. Neurodevelopmental Programming of Adiposity: Contributions to Obesity Risk. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:253-280. [PMID: 37971140 PMCID: PMC10911958 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzes the published evidence regarding maternal factors that influence the developmental programming of long-term adiposity in humans and animals via the central nervous system (CNS). We describe the physiological outcomes of perinatal underfeeding and overfeeding and explore potential mechanisms that may mediate the impact of such exposures on the development of feeding circuits within the CNS-including the influences of metabolic hormones and epigenetic changes. The perinatal environment, reflective of maternal nutritional status, contributes to the programming of offspring adiposity. The in utero and early postnatal periods represent critically sensitive developmental windows during which the hormonal and metabolic milieu affects the maturation of the hypothalamus. Maternal hyperglycemia is associated with increased transfer of glucose to the fetus driving fetal hyperinsulinemia. Elevated fetal insulin causes increased adiposity and consequently higher fetal circulating leptin concentration. Mechanistic studies in animal models indicate important roles of leptin and insulin in central and peripheral programming of adiposity, and suggest that optimal concentrations of these hormones are critical during early life. Additionally, the environmental milieu during development may be conveyed to progeny through epigenetic marks and these can potentially be vertically transmitted to subsequent generations. Thus, nutritional and metabolic/endocrine signals during perinatal development can have lifelong (and possibly multigenerational) impacts on offspring body weight regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja A Skowronski
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles A LeDuc
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chaturvedi A, Zhu A, Gadela NV, Prabhakaran D, Jafar TH. Social Determinants of Health and Disparities in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases. Hypertension 2024; 81:387-399. [PMID: 38152897 PMCID: PMC10863660 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
High blood pressure causes over 10 million preventable deaths annually globally. Populations in low- and middle-income countries suffer the most, experiencing increased uncontrolled blood pressure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths. Despite improvements in high-income countries, disparities persist, notably in the United States, where Black individuals face up to 4× higher CVD mortality than White individuals. Social determinants of health encompass complex, multidimensional factors linked to an individual's birthplace, upbringing, activities, residence, workplaces, socioeconomic and environmental structures, and significantly affect health outcomes, including hypertension and CVD. This review explored how social determinants of health drive disparities in hypertension and related CVD morbidity from a socioecological and life course perspective. We present evidence-based strategies, emphasizing interventions tailored to specific community needs and cross-sector collaboration to address health inequalities rooted in social factors, which are key elements toward achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 for reducing premature CVD mortality by 30% by 2030.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chaturvedi
- Georgetown University, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.C.)
| | - Anqi Zhu
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (A.Z., T.H.J.)
| | | | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India (D.P.)
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India (D.P.)
| | - Tazeen H. Jafar
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (A.Z., T.H.J.)
- Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (T.H.J.)
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC (T.H.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Musillo C, Creutzberg KC, Collacchi B, Ajmone-Cat MA, De Simone R, Lepre M, Amrein I, Riva MA, Berry A, Cirulli F. Bdnf-Nrf-2 crosstalk and emotional behavior are disrupted in a sex-dependent fashion in adolescent mice exposed to maternal stress or maternal obesity. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:399. [PMID: 38105264 PMCID: PMC10725882 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity has been recognized as a stressor affecting the developing fetal brain, leading to long-term negative outcomes comparable to those resulting from maternal psychological stress, although the mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that adverse prenatal conditions as diverse as maternal stress and maternal obesity might affect emotional regulation and stress response in the offspring through common pathways, with a main focus on oxidative stress and neuroplasticity. We contrasted and compared adolescent male and female offspring in two mouse models of maternal psychophysical stress (restraint during pregnancy - PNS) and maternal obesity (high-fat diet before and during gestation - mHFD) by combining behavioral assays, evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity, immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis of selected markers of neuronal function and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, a key region involved in stress appraisal. Prenatal administration of the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) was used as a strategy to protect fetal neurodevelopment from the negative effects of PNS and mHFD. Our findings show that these two stressors produce overlapping effects, reducing brain anti-oxidant defenses (Nrf-2) and leading to sex-dependent impairments of hippocampal Bdnf expression and alterations of the emotional behavior and HPA axis functionality. Prenatal NAC administration, by restoring the redox balance, was able to exert long-term protective effects on brain development, suggesting that the modulation of redox pathways might be an effective strategy to target common shared mechanisms between different adverse prenatal conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Musillo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Kerstin C Creutzberg
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Collacchi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Ajmone-Cat
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta De Simone
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Lepre
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berry
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pandipati S, Leong M, Basu R, Abel D, Hayer S, Conry J. Climate change: Overview of risks to pregnant persons and their offspring. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151836. [PMID: 37863676 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the greatest challenges confronting humanity. Pregnant persons, their unborn children, and offspring are particularly vulnerable, as evidenced by adverse perinatal outcomes and increased rates of childhood illnesses. Environmental inequities compound the problem of maternal health inequities, and have given rise to the environmental justice movement. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics and other major medical societies have worked to heighten awareness and address the deleterious health effects of climate change and toxic environmental exposures. As part of routine prenatal, neonatal, and pediatric care, neonatal-perinatal care providers should incorporate discussions with their patients and families on potential harms and also identify actions to mitigate climate change effects on their health. This article provides clinicians with an overview of how climate change affects their patients, practical guidance in caring for them, and a frame setting of the articles to follow. Clinicians have a critical role to play, and the time to act is now.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Pandipati
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Obstetrix of San Jose, e-Lōvu Health, United States.
| | - Melanie Leong
- Attending Neonatologist, Neonatal ECMO Services, The Regional Neonatal Center of Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, United States; Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, United States
| | - Rupa Basu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California EPA, United States
| | - David Abel
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, United States
| | - Sarena Hayer
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health Sciences University, United States
| | - Jeanne Conry
- International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu K, Cui A, Zhang X. Intergenerational relationship between parental famine exposure and offspring's obesity risks. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 78:jech-2022-220024. [PMID: 37985131 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-220024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intergenerational relationship between parental famine exposure and the obesity risks of offspring has not been well studied. METHODS Using a cohort of 3654 respondents whose parents were born between 1950 and 1964 from the national data of the China Family Panel Studies, this study examines the associations between parental exposure to the 1959-1961 Chinese famine and offspring's body mass index (BMI). A cross-sectional difference-in-difference design was used to estimate the effects of parental famine exposures on offspring's BMI by exploiting temporal variations in the duration and period of famine across the parental birth cohorts between 1950 and 1964, and geographical variations in the famine severity at the province level. RESULTS After adjusting individual characteristics and province-level fixed effects, we found that parental famine exposures in the preschool and school-age stages were associated with an increased BMI of offspring while there was not a significant association between prenatal famine exposure and offspring's BMI. The stratified analyses further show that the effects of parental famine exposure did not follow the same trajectory in subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Famine experiences of parents were associated with increased BMI of offspring, suggesting an intergenerational impact of severe malnutrition on obesity risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Sociology, School of Social and Public Administration, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Aoyuan Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mazur D, Satora M, Rekowska AK, Kabała Z, Łomża A, Kimber-Trojnar Ż, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Influence of Breastfeeding on the State of Meta-Inflammation in Obesity-A Narrative Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9003-9018. [PMID: 37998742 PMCID: PMC10670570 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become an emerging health issue worldwide that continues to grow in females of reproductive age as well. Obesity, as a multisystem and chronic disease, is associated with metabolic inflammation, which is defined as chronic low-grade systemic inflammation mediated by, i.a., adipose tissue macrophages. Lactation has been proven to have a beneficial influence on maternal health and could help restore metabolic balance, especially in the state of maternal obesity. In this review, we aimed to analyze the influence of breastfeeding on chronic low-grade meta-inflammation caused by obesity. We performed a comprehensive literature review using the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar electronic databases. For this purpose, we searched for "metabolic inflammation"; "meta-inflammation"; "obesity"; "breastfeeding"; "fetal programming"; "energy metabolism"; "postpartum"; "immunity"; "immune system"; and "inflammation" keyword combinations. While the clinical impact of breastfeeding on maternal and offspring health is currently well known, we decided to gain insight into more specific metabolic effects of adiposity, lipid, and glucose homeostasis, and immunological effects caused by the activity of cytokines, macrophages, and other immune system cells. Further research on the immunological and metabolic effects of breastfeeding in obese patients is key to understanding and potentially developing obesity therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (D.M.); (M.S.); (A.K.R.); (Z.K.); (A.Ł.); (B.L.-G.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kocher K, Bhattacharya S, Niforatos-Andescavage N, Almalvez M, Henderson D, Vilain E, Limperopoulos C, Délot EC. Genome-wide neonatal epigenetic changes associated with maternal exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:268. [PMID: 37899449 PMCID: PMC10614377 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During gestation, stressors to the fetus, including viral exposure or maternal psychological distress, can fundamentally alter the neonatal epigenome, and may be associated with long-term impaired developmental outcomes. The impact of in utero exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic on the newborn epigenome has yet to be described. METHODS This study aimed to determine whether there are unique epigenetic signatures in newborns who experienced otherwise healthy pregnancies that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic (Project RESCUE). The pre-pandemic control and pandemic cohorts (Project RESCUE) included in this study are part of a prospective observational and longitudinal cohort study that evaluates the impact of elevated prenatal maternal stress during the COVID-19 pandemic on early childhood neurodevelopment. Using buccal swabs collected at birth, differential DNA methylation analysis was performed using the Infinium MethylationEPIC arrays and linear regression analysis. Pathway analysis and gene ontology enrichment were performed on resultant gene lists. RESULTS Widespread differential methylation was found between neonates exposed in utero to the pandemic and pre-pandemic neonates. In contrast, there were no apparent epigenetic differences associated with maternal COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Differential methylation was observed among genomic sites that underpin important neurological pathways that have been previously reported in the literature to be differentially methylated because of prenatal stress, such as NR3C1. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals potential associations between exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic during pregnancy and subsequent changes in the newborn epigenome. While this finding warrants further investigation, it is a point that should be considered in any study assessing newborn DNA methylation studies obtained during this period, even in otherwise healthy pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Kocher
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research & Innovation Campus, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Genomics & Precision Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Surajit Bhattacharya
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research & Innovation Campus, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Miguel Almalvez
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Diedtra Henderson
- Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eric Vilain
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | | | - Emmanuèle C Délot
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research & Innovation Campus, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Genomics & Precision Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ogah OS, Oguntade AS, Chukwuonye II, Onyeonoro UU, Madukwe OO, Asinobi A, Ogah F, Orimolade OA, Babatunde AO, Okeke MF, Attah OP, Ebengho IG, Sliwa K, Stewart S. Childhood and Infant exposure to famine in the Biafran war is associated with hypertension in later life: the Abia NCDS study. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:936-943. [PMID: 36473942 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are very few studies in Africans investigating the association between early life exposure to malnutrition and subsequent hypertension in adulthood. We set out to investigate this potential association within an adult cohort who were born around the time of the Biafran War (1968-1970) and subsequent famine in Nigeria. This was a retrospective analysis of Abia State Non-Communicable Diseases and Cardiovascular Risk Factors (AS-NCD-CRF) Survey, a community-based, cross-sectional study that profiled 386 adults (47.4% men) of Igbo ethnicity born in the decade between January 1965 and December 1974. Based on their date of birth and the timing of the famine, participants were grouped according to their exposure to famine as children (Child-Fam) or in-utero fetus/infant (Fet-Inf-Fam) or no exposure (No-Fam). Binomial logit regression models were fitted to determine the association between famine exposure and hypertension in adulthood. Overall, 130 participants had hypertension (33.7%). Compared to the No-Fam group (24.4%), the prevalence of hypertension was significantly elevated in both the Child-Fam (43% - adjusted OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.14-5.36) and Fet-Inf-Fam (44.6% - adjusted OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.33-4.86) groups. The risk of hypertension in adulthood was highest among females within the Child-Fam group. However, within the Fet-Inf-Fam group males had a equivalently higher risk than females. These data suggest that early life exposure to famine and malnutrition in Africa is associated with a markedly increased risk of hypertension in adulthood; with sex-based differences evident. Thus, the importance of avoiding armed conflicts and food in-security in the region cannot be overstated. The legacy effects of the Biafran War clearly show the wider need for ongoing programs that support the nutritional needs of African mothers, infants and children as well as proactive surveillance programs for the early signs of hypertension in young Africans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Okechukwu S Ogah
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | | | - Innocent Ijezie Chukwuonye
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health (NDPH), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Adanze Asinobi
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fisayo Ogah
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Mesoma Frances Okeke
- Alexander Brown Hall, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ojoma Peace Attah
- Alexander Brown Hall, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Karen Sliwa
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Simon Stewart
- Institute of Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Haddad-Tóvolli R, Claret M. Metabolic and feeding adjustments during pregnancy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:564-580. [PMID: 37525006 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Eating behaviours are determined by the integration of interoceptive and environmental inputs. During pregnancy, numerous physiological adaptations take place in the maternal organism to provide an adequate environment for embryonic growth. Among them, whole-body physiological remodelling directly influences eating patterns, commonly causing notable taste perception alterations, food aversions and cravings. Recurrent food cravings for and compulsive eating of highly palatable food can contribute to the development and maintenance of gestational overweight and obesity with potential adverse health consequences for the offspring. Although much is known about how maternal eating habits influence offspring health, the mechanisms that underlie changes in taste perception and food preference during pregnancy (which guide and promote feeding) are only just starting to be elucidated. Given the limited and diffuse understanding of the neurobiology of gestational eating patterns, the aim of this Review is to compile, integrate and discuss the research conducted on this topic in both experimental models and humans. This article sheds light on the mechanisms that drive changes in female feeding behaviours during distinct physiological states. Understanding these processes is crucial to improve gestational parent health and decrease the burden of metabolic and food-related diseases in future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
- School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gaillard R, Jaddoe VWV. Maternal cardiovascular disorders before and during pregnancy and offspring cardiovascular risk across the life course. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:617-630. [PMID: 37169830 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia are highly prevalent among women of reproductive age and contribute to complications in >30% of pregnancies in Western countries. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that these cardiovascular disorders in women, occurring before and during their pregnancy, can affect the development of the structure, physiology and function of cardiovascular organ systems at different stages during embryonic and fetal development. These developmental adaptations might, in addition to genetics and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, increase the susceptibility of the offspring to cardiovascular disease throughout the life course. In this Review, we discuss current knowledge of the influence of maternal cardiovascular disorders, occurring before and during pregnancy, on offspring cardiovascular development, dysfunction and disease from embryonic life until adulthood. We discuss findings from contemporary, large-scale, observational studies that provide insights into specific critical periods, evidence for causality and potential underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we focus on priorities for future research, including defining optimal cardiovascular and reproductive health in women and men before their pregnancy and identifying specific embryonic, placental and fetal molecular developmental adaptations from early pregnancy onwards. Together, these approaches will help stop the intergenerational cycle of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romy Gaillard
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao H, Fan L, Yi X, Zhu L, Liu X, Hou J, Zhang G, Pan J, Wang C. Effect modification of socioeconomic status on the association of exposure to famine in early life with osteoporosis in women. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1349-1358. [PMID: 36919869 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to explore the effect of modification of socioeconomic status (SES) on the association between famine exposure in early life and osteoporosis in adulthood via the baseline data from the Henan Rural cohort study. METHODS A total of 2669 exposed to famine participants were selected from the Henan Rural cohort, and the questionnaires, physical examination and bone mineral density measurement were completed. Specific birth years were used to define five groups: the fetal exposed group, early-childhood exposed group, mid-childhood exposed group, late-childhood exposed group and unexposed group. And the age-matched control group was a combination of the unexposed group and late-childhood exposed group. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilised to analyse the association of famine exposure in early life with osteoporosis in adulthood. RESULTS The prevalence rates of osteoporosis of participants exposed to famine during the fetal period, early-childhood, mid-childhood and the age-matched group were 21.67%, 25.76%, 23.90% and 18.14%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of participants suffering from famine during the fetal period, early-childhood and mid-childhood versus age-matched group were 1.19 (0.82-1.73), 1.40 (1.04-1.88) and 1.57 (1.16-2.13), respectively. The female participants yielded consistent results. The risk of osteoporosis was higher in more severe famine eara. Moreover, an attenuated effect of early life famine exposure on osteoporosis was observed in female participants with high SES. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to famine in early life showed a sex-specific association with an increased risk of osteoporosis in adulthood and the severity of famine may exacerbate this association. In addition, the risk could be modified by SES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Orthopedics Department of Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianhong Yi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linghui Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gongyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ren Z, Luo S, Cui J, Tang Y, Huang H, Ding G. Research Progress of Maternal Metabolism on Cardiac Development and Function in Offspring. Nutrients 2023; 15:3388. [PMID: 37571325 PMCID: PMC10420869 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis refers to the adverse effects of suboptimal developmental environments during embryonic and early fetal stages on the long-term health of offspring. Intrauterine metabolic perturbations can profoundly impact organogenesis in offspring, particularly affecting cardiac development and giving rise to potential structural and functional abnormalities. In this discussion, we contemplate the existing understanding regarding the impact of maternal metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, or undernutrition, on the developmental and functional aspects of the offspring's heart. This influence has the potential to contribute to the susceptibility of offspring to cardiovascular health issues. Alteration in the nutritional milieu can influence mitochondrial function in the developing hearts of offspring, while also serving as signaling molecules that directly modulate gene expression. Moreover, metabolic disorders can exert influence on cardiac development-related genes epigenetically through DNA methylation, levels of histone modifications, microRNA expression, and other factors. However, the comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of these phenomena remains incomplete. Further investigations in this domain hold profound clinical significance, as they can contribute to the enhancement of public health and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Ren
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China (H.H.)
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai 200126, China
| | - Jiajun Cui
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China (H.H.)
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhui Tang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China (H.H.)
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China (H.H.)
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guolian Ding
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China (H.H.)
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kachhawaha AS, Mishra S, Tiwari AK. Epigenetic control of heredity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 198:25-60. [PMID: 37225323 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the field of science that deals with the study of changes in gene function that do not involve changes in DNA sequence and are heritable while epigenetics inheritance is the process of transmission of epigenetic modifications to the next generation. It can be transient, intergenerational, or transgenerational. There are various epigenetic modifications involving mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA expression, all of which are inheritable. In this chapter, we summarize the information on epigenetic inheritance, its mechanism, inheritance studies on various organisms, factors affecting epigenetic modifications and their inheritance, and the role of epigenetic inheritance in the heritability of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Singh Kachhawaha
- Laboratory of Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology, School of Forensic Sciences, National Forensic Sciences University (NFSU), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sarita Mishra
- Laboratory of Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology, School of Forensic Sciences, National Forensic Sciences University (NFSU), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cardiovascular and renal profiles in rat offspring that do not undergo catch-up growth after exposure to maternal protein restriction. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:426-436. [PMID: 36647740 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174422000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Maternal protein restriction is often associated with structural and functional sequelae in offspring, particularly affecting growth and renal-cardiovascular function. However, there is little understanding as to whether hypertension and kidney disease occur because of a primary nephron deficit or whether controlling postnatal growth can result in normal renal-cardiovascular phenotypes. To investigate this, female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a low-protein (LP, 8.4% protein) or normal-protein (NP, 19.4% protein) diet prior to mating and until offspring were weaned at postnatal day (PN) 21. Offspring were then fed a non 'growth' (4.6% fat) which ensured that catch-up growth did not occur. Offspring growth was determined by weight and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Nephron number was determined at PN21 using the disector-fractionator method. Kidney function was measured at PN180 and PN360 using clearance methods. Blood pressure was measured at PN360 using radio-telemetry. Body weight was similar at PN1, but by PN21 LP offspring were 39% smaller than controls (Pdiet < 0.001). This difference was due to proportional changes in lean muscle, fat, and bone content. LP offspring remained smaller than NP offspring until PN360. In LP offspring, nephron number was 26% less in males and 17% less in females, than NP controls (Pdiet < 0.0004). Kidney function was similar across dietary groups and sexes at PN180 and PN360. Blood pressure was similar in LP and NP offspring at PN360. These findings suggest that remaining on a slow growth trajectory after exposure to a suboptimal intrauterine environment does not lead to the development of kidney dysfunction and hypertension.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wiegersma AM, Boots A, Roseboom TJ, de Rooij SR. Exposure to the Dutch Famine in Early Gestation and Cognitive Function and Decline in Older Age. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020293. [PMID: 36678168 PMCID: PMC9867093 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
People exposed to the 1944-1945 Dutch famine in early gestation performed worse on a selective attention task at age 58 and reported more cognitive problems at age 72. We here hypothesized that undernutrition in early gestation is associated with poorer cognitive functioning in older age and a higher rate of cognitive decline. We tested this hypothesis in the Dutch famine birth cohort in men and women combined and separately. We assessed cognitive function using a Stroop-like, trail-making and 15-word task (at ages 68 and 74) and the Montreal cognitive assessment as well as self-perceived cognitive problems (at age 74) in 73 men (n = 34) and women (n = 39). We compared cognitive function and decline (change in cognitive function between age 68 and 74) between those exposed in early gestation and those not exposed (born before or conceived after the famine). Although in both men and women cognitive function declined from age 68 to 74, cognitive task scores and the rate of decline did not differ between those exposed or unexposed to famine. At age 74, men exposed to famine in early gestation more often reported cognitive problems, although this was not statistically different from unexposed men (OR 3.1 [95%CI 0.7 to 13.0]). We did not find evidence of increased cognitive decline after prenatal undernutrition. Selective participation and mortality may have hampered our ability to detect potential true effects. The self-perceived cognitive problems among men who had been exposed to famine in early gestation might be an indication of future dementia risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Marileen Wiegersma
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Aging & Later Life, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Amber Boots
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Aging & Later Life, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa J. Roseboom
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Aging & Later Life, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne R. de Rooij
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Aging & Later Life, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pérez-Muñoz C, Carretero-Bravo J, Ortega-Martín E, Ramos-Fiol B, Ferriz-Mas B, Díaz-Rodríguez M. Interventions in the first 1000 days to prevent childhood obesity: a systematic review and quantitative content analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2367. [PMID: 36527103 PMCID: PMC9758903 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity poses a global health challenge. In recent years, there has been an increase in interventions that begin in pregnancy, putting the concept of early programming and early risk factors into practice. The present study aims to update the findings regarding interventions in the first 1000 days of life. METHODS A systematic review based on the PRISMA guidelines was carried out in PubMed, WoS, Scopus and CINAHL to obtain the articles to be analysed. We included those studies published between 2016 and 2021. Human interventions that started within the first 1000 days of life and acted on at least one programming factor were included. Once selected, coding and quantitative content analysis was carried out to obtain a profile of the interventions during the first 1000 days. RESULTS From all screened articles, 51 unique interventions, which met the selection criteria, were included. The majority of interventions (81%) took place in high-income areas. Almost all (86%) were targeted at the general population. The majority (54%) started in the second trimester of pregnancy. A clear majority (61%) ended at the time of birth. 44% of the interventions included all pregnant women. Only 48% of these interventions were focused on improving the nutritional status of the offspring in the short term. Most interventions collected the baby's weight at birth (68%). CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that current interventions are not covering as many aspects as they should. Future research should be conducted more frequently in developing countries and target disadvantaged groups. These interventions should include all pregnant women, regardless of their nutritional status, aiming to cover as many programming factors as possible and extending through the first 1000 days of life, with body mass index or skinfolds as measures of effectiveness during this period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Pérez-Muñoz
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096Facultad de Enfermería Y Fisioterapia, University of Cádiz, Ana de Viya 52, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Carretero-Bravo
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096Facultad de Enfermería Y Fisioterapia, University of Cádiz, Ana de Viya 52, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Esther Ortega-Martín
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096Facultad de Enfermería Y Fisioterapia, University of Cádiz, Ana de Viya 52, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Begoña Ramos-Fiol
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096Facultad de Enfermería Y Fisioterapia, University of Cádiz, Ana de Viya 52, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Díaz-Rodríguez
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096Facultad de Enfermería Y Fisioterapia, University of Cádiz, Ana de Viya 52, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ramirez D, Haas SA. Windows of Vulnerability: Consequences of Exposure Timing during the Dutch Hunger Winter. POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW 2022; 48:959-989. [PMID: 37063488 PMCID: PMC10087479 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Prior research on early-life exposures to famine has established in utero development as a critical period of vulnerability to malnutrition. Yet, previous research tends to focus narrowly on this stage, at the expense of a more comprehensive examination of childhood. As a result, the literature has yet to compare the severity of the consequences of exposure to malnutrition across developmentally salient periods. Such comparison is crucial not only in the magnitude of effects but also in the nature of outcomes. Using a restricted population registry-linked health survey, this study examines the Dutch Hunger Winter to provide a comprehensive examination of the long-term consequences of in utero, infant, childhood, and adolescent exposure to famine. The results show malnutrition leads to heterogeneous effects depending on when the exposure occurs. In utero exposure to malnutrition leads to deleterious conditions in physical health and lower socioeconomic attainment. For older cohorts, results suggest a resilience to the effects of malnutrition on physical health in late life, but a higher vulnerability to socioeconomic stunting. Furthermore, the results suggest important gender differences in the long-term impact of malnutrition. Males consistently show stronger negative consequences across a wider array of conditions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lu K, Liang XF, Liu T, Cai W, Zhuang W, Zhang Y, Bibi A. DNA methylation of pck1 might contribute to the programming effects of early high-carbohydrate diets feeding to the glucose metabolism across two generations in zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1619-1633. [PMID: 36481836 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of early high-carbohydrate stimulus on glucose metabolism in zebrafish (Danio rerio) over two generations and explore the mechanisms that explain those nutritional programming effects via epigenetic modifications. The larvae were delivered a high-carbohydrate diet (53.66%) that was used as an early nutritional stimulus from the first feeding to the end of the yolk sac (FF) and 5 days after yolk-sac exhaustion (YE). The larvae (F0) and their offspring (F1) were then both fed the control diet (22.69%) until adulthood (15 weeks), and they were challenged with a high-carbohydrate diet (35.36%) at the 16th week. The results indicated that early stimulus immediately raised the mRNA levels of genes involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. At the end of F0 challenge, both treatment groups decreased the plasma glucose levels, increased the expression levels of glucokinase (gck), and inhibited the mRNA during gluconeogenesis. When challenged in F1, the glucose levels were lower in FF (F1), and the mRNA levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (pck1) were decreased in FF (F1) and YE (F1). Besides, in both experimental groups (F0 and F1), the CpG island of pck1 maintained lower levels of hypermethylated expression from F0 adult, 24 h post-fertilization embryo, to F1 adult. In conclusion, these results indicated that an early high-carbohydrate stimulus could significantly reprogram glucose metabolism in adult zebrafish, that those modifications could be partially transmitted to the next generation, and that the DNA methylation of pck1 might work as a stable epigenetic marker to contribute to those processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenjing Cai
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wuyuan Zhuang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Asima Bibi
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
van Ewijk R, Lindeboom M. Selective mortality and fertility and long run health effects of prenatal wartime exposure. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 47:101186. [PMID: 36379146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many previous studies have shown that prenatal exposure to adverse historical circumstances negatively affects long-run health. Most women who are pregnant during wars experience clearly adverse circumstances that are however not as harsh as the typically studied extreme episodes such as famines, combat and wide-scale destruction. We show that prenatal exposure to World War II (WWII) in five Western European countries did not lead to a population-wide poorer health among the elderly. We even find indications of a better than expected health. This is likely due to selective fertility and mortality. We attempt to quantify these selection effects and show that when taking them into account, the initially positively estimated health effects on almost all outcomes are substantially attenuated. Selective mortality and fertility likely occur in similar directions for many historical episodes of adversity. Our results therefore suggest that a part of the previous research on such exposures likely under estimated the true sizes of the long-run effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyn van Ewijk
- Faculty of Law and Economics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Maarten Lindeboom
- Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Tinbergen Institute, IZA, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cattaneo L, Laporta J, Dahl GE. Programming effects of late gestation heat stress in dairy cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 35:106-117. [PMID: 36592976 DOI: 10.1071/rd22209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The final weeks of gestation represent a critical period for dairy cows that can determine the success of the subsequent lactation. Many physiological changes take place and additional exogenous stressors can alter the success of the transition into lactation. Moreover, this phase is pivotal for the final stage of intrauterine development of the fetus, which can have negative long-lasting postnatal effects. Heat stress is widely recognised as a threat to dairy cattle welfare, health, and productivity. Specifically, late gestation heat stress impairs the dam's productivity by undermining mammary gland remodelling during the dry period and altering metabolic and immune responses in early lactation. Heat stress also affects placental development and function, with relevant consequences on fetal development and programming. In utero heat stressed newborns have reduced birth weight, growth, and compromised passive immune transfer. Moreover, the liver and mammary DNA of in utero heat stressed calves show a clear divergence in the pattern of methylation relative to that of in utero cooled calves. These alterations in gene regulation might result in depressed immune function, as well as altered thermoregulation, hepatic metabolism, and mammary development jeopardising their survival in the herd and productivity. Furthermore, late gestation heat stress appears to exert multigenerational effects, influencing milk yield and survival up to the third generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Cattaneo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - J Laporta
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - G E Dahl
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Andrawus M, Sharvit L, Atzmon G. Epigenetics and Pregnancy: Conditional Snapshot or Rolling Event. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012698. [PMID: 36293556 PMCID: PMC9603966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics modification such as DNA methylation can affect maternal health during the gestation period. Furthermore, pregnancy can drive a range of physiological and molecular changes that have the potential to contribute to pathological conditions. Pregnancy-related risk factors include multiple environmental, behavioral, and hereditary factors that can impact maternal DNA methylation with long-lasting consequences. Identification of the epigenetic patterns linked to poor pregnancy outcomes is crucial since changes in DNA methylation patterns can have long-term effects. In this review, we provide an overview of the epigenetic changes that influence pregnancy-related molecular programming such as gestational diabetes, immune response, and pre-eclampsia, in an effort to close the gap in current understanding regarding interactions between the environment, the genetics of the fetus, and the pregnant woman.
Collapse
|
26
|
KENANOGLU SERCAN, GOKCE NURIYE, AKALIN HILAL, ERGOREN MAHMUTCERKEZ, BECCARI TOMMASO, BERTELLI MATTEO, DUNDAR MUNIS. Implication of the Mediterranean diet on the human epigenome. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E44-E55. [PMID: 36479488 PMCID: PMC9710399 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics, defined as "hereditary changes in gene expression that occur without any change in the DNA sequence", consists of various epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. The epigenome, which has a dynamic structure in response to intracellular and extracellular stimuli, has a key role in the control of gene activity, since it is located at the intersection of cellular information encoded in the genome and molecular/chemical information of extracellular origin. The focus shift of studies to epigenetic reprogramming has led to the formation and progressive importance of a concept called "nutriepigenetics", whose aim is to prevent diseases by intervening on nutrition style. Among the diet types adopted in the world, the renowned Mediterranean Diet (MD), being rich in unsaturated fatty acids and containing high levels of whole grain foods and large quantities of fruits, vegetables, and legumes, has shown numerous advantages in excluding chronic diseases. Additionally, the fact that this diet is rich in polyphenols with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties has an undeniable effect in turning some cellular pathways against the disease. It is also apparent that the effects of polyphenols on the epigenome cause changes in mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation/deacetylation, which have a regulatory effect on gene regulation. This review presents the effects of long-term consumption of nutrients from the MD on the epigenome and discusses the benefits of this diet in the treatment and even prevention of chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SERCAN KENANOGLU
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - NURIYE GOKCE
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - HILAL AKALIN
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - MAHMUT CERKEZ ERGOREN
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - TOMMASO BECCARI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - MUNIS DUNDAR
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Correspondence: Munis Dundar, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Van Assche IA, Lemiere J, Amant F, Van Calsteren K. Direct and indirect effects on child neurocognitive development when maternal cancer is diagnosed during pregnancy: What do we know so far? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 179:103824. [PMID: 36174901 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer during pregnancy threatens the lives of mother and foetus and its incidence is rising, making it an emerging medical challenge. Evidence on the direct impact of cancer therapies on neonatal outcomes resulted in general guidelines for maternal treatment that safeguards foetal development. Less focus has been placed on indirect factors, in pre- and postnatal periods, that may exert long-term impacts specifically on child neurocognition. Foetal development, in the context of maternal cancer during pregnancy, may be influenced directly by exposure to cancer diagnostics and (co-)treatment, or indirectly through maternal inflammation, malnutrition, hormonal fluctuations, prematurity, and psycho-biological stress. Maternal stress and insecure mother-infant bonding related to postpartum cancer treatment may further impact child cognitive-behavioural development. Understanding the independent and synergistic effects of the factors impacting neurocognitive development creates the opportunity to intervene during the oncological treatment to improve the child's long-term outcome, both by medical and psychosocial care and support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indra A Van Assche
- Department of Development and Regeneration: Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jurgen Lemiere
- Department of Oncology: Pediatric Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics: Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Oncology: Gynaecological Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: Gynaecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Center for Gynaecologic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Kristel Van Calsteren
- Department of Development and Regeneration: Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: Foetomaternal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sun P, Bouwman LMS, de Deugd JL, van der Stelt I, Oosting A, Keijer J, van Schothorst EM. Galactose in the Post-Weaning Diet Programs Improved Circulating Adiponectin Concentrations and Skeletal Muscle Insulin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810207. [PMID: 36142131 PMCID: PMC9499164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term post-weaning nutrition can result in long-lasting effects in later life. Partial replacement of glucose by galactose in the post-weaning diet showed direct effects on liver inflammation. Here, we examined this program on body weight, body composition, and insulin sensitivity at the adult age. Three-week-old female C57BL/6JRccHsd mice were fed a diet with glucose plus galactose (GAL; 16 energy% (en%) each) or a control diet with glucose (GLU; 32 en%) for three weeks, and afterward, both groups were given the same high-fat diet (HFD). After five weeks on a HFD, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. After nine weeks on a HFD, energy metabolism was assessed by indirect calorimetry, and fasted mice were sacrificed fifteen minutes after a glucose bolus, followed by serum and tissue analyses. Body weight and body composition were not different between the post-weaning dietary groups, during the post-weaning period, or the HFD period. Glucose tolerance and energy metabolism in adulthood were not affected by the post-weaning diet. Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher (p = 0.02) in GAL mice while insulin, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations were not affected. Expression of Adipoq mRNA was significantly higher in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT; p = 0.03), while its receptors in the liver and skeletal muscles remained unaffected. Irs2 expression was significantly lower in skeletal muscles (p = 0.01), but not in gWAT or Irs1 expression (in both tissues). Gene expressions of inflammatory markers in gWAT and the liver were also not affected. Conclusively, galactose in the post-weaning diet significantly improved circulating adiponectin concentrations and reduced skeletal muscle Irs2 expression in adulthood without alterations in fat mass, glucose tolerance, and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Sun
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne M. S. Bouwman
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jo-lene de Deugd
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge van der Stelt
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evert M. van Schothorst
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-317484699
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Advances in high-throughput technologies and the generation of multiomics, such as genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data, are paving the way for the biological risk stratification and prediction of oral diseases. When integrated with electronic health records, survey, census, and/or epidemiologic data, multiomics are anticipated to facilitate data-driven precision oral health, or the delivery of the right oral health intervention to the right individuals/populations at the right time. Meanwhile, multiomics may be modified by a multitude of social exposures, cumulatively along the life course and at various time points from conception onward, also referred to as the socio-exposome. For example, adverse exposures, such as precarious social and living conditions and related psychosocial stress among others, have been linked to specific genes being switched "on and off" through epigenetic mechanisms. These in turn are associated with various health conditions in different age groups and populations. This article argues that considering the impact of the socio-exposome in the biological profiling for precision oral health applications is necessary to ensure that definitions of biological risk do not override social ones. To facilitate the uptake of the socio-exposome in multiomics oral health studies and subsequent interventions, 3 pertinent facets are discussed. First, a summary of the epigenetic landscape of oral health is presented. Next, findings from the nondental literature are drawn on to elaborate the pathways and mechanisms that link the socio-exposome with gene expression-or the biological embedding of social experiences through epigenetics. Then, methodological considerations for implementing social epigenomics into oral health research are highlighted, with emphasis on the implications for study design and interpretation. The article concludes by shedding light on some of the current and prospective opportunities for social epigenomics research applied to the study of life course oral epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gomaa
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Viinikainen J, Bryson A, Böckerman P, Kari JT, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O, Viikari J, Pehkonen J. Does better education mitigate risky health behavior? A mendelian randomization study. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 46:101134. [PMID: 35354116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Education and risky health behaviors are strongly negatively correlated. Education may affect health behaviors by enabling healthier choices through higher disposable income, increasing information about the harmful effects of risky health behaviors, or altering time preferences. Alternatively, the observed negative correlation may stem from reverse causality or unobserved confounders. Based on the data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study linked to register-based information on educational attainment and family background, this paper identifies the causal effect of education on risky health behaviors. To examine causal effects, we used a genetic score as an instrument for years of education. We found that individuals with higher education allocated more attention to healthy habits. In terms of health behaviors, highly educated people were less likely to smoke. Some model specifications also indicated that the highly educated consumed more fruit and vegetables, but the results were imprecise in this regard. No causal effect was found between education and abusive drinking. In brief, inference based on genetic instruments showed that higher education leads to better choices in some but not all dimensions of health behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Viinikainen
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Alex Bryson
- University College London, Social Research Institute, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London, United Kingdom; IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany
| | - Petri Böckerman
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, Jyväskylä, Finland; IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany; Labour Institute for Economic Research LABORE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana T Kari
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Tampere University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Centre for Population Health Research, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- University of Turku, Department of Medicine, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Division of Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Pehkonen
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mannens MMAM, Lombardi MP, Alders M, Henneman P, Bliek J. Further Introduction of DNA Methylation (DNAm) Arrays in Regular Diagnostics. Front Genet 2022; 13:831452. [PMID: 35860466 PMCID: PMC9289263 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.831452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation tests have been used for decades in regular DNA diagnostics focusing primarily on Imprinting disorders or specific loci annotated to specific disease associated gene promotors. With the introduction of DNA methylation (DNAm) arrays such as the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchip array or the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC Beadchip array (850 k), it has become feasible to study the epigenome in a timely and cost-effective way. This has led to new insights regarding the complexity of well-studied imprinting disorders such as the Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome, but it has also led to the introduction of tests such as EpiSign, implemented as a diagnostic test in which a single array experiment can be compared to databases with known episignatures of multiple genetic disorders, especially neurodevelopmental disorders. The successful use of such DNAm tests is rapidly expanding. More and more disorders are found to be associated with discrete episignatures which enables fast and definite diagnoses, as we have shown. The first examples of environmentally induced clinical disorders characterized by discrete aberrant DNAm are discussed underlining the broad application of DNAm testing in regular diagnostics. Here we discuss exemplary findings in our laboratory covering this broad range of applications and we discuss further use of DNAm tests in the near future.
Collapse
|
32
|
Feige-Diller J, Herrera-Rivero M, Witten A, Stoll M, Kaiser S, Richter SH, Sachser N. The Impact of Varying Food Availability on Gene Expression in the Liver: Testing the Match-Mismatch Hypothesis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:910762. [PMID: 35859757 PMCID: PMC9289739 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.910762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During early phases of life, such as prenatal or early postnatal development and adolescence, an organism's phenotype can be shaped by the environmental conditions it experiences. According to the Match-Mismatch hypothesis (MMH), changes to this environment during later life stages can result in a mismatch between the individual's adaptations and the prevailing environmental conditions. Thus, negative consequences in welfare and health can occur. We aimed to test the MMH in the context of food availability, assuming adolescence as a sensitive period of adaptation. Methods We have previously reported a study of the physiological and behavioral effects of match and mismatch conditions of high (ad libitum) and low (90% of ad libitum intake) food availability from adolescence to early adulthood in female C57BL/6J mice (n = 62). Here, we performed RNA-sequencing of the livers of a subset of these animals (n = 16) to test the effects of match and mismatch feeding conditions on the liver transcriptome. Results In general, we found no effect of the match-mismatch situations. Contrarily, the amount of food available during early adulthood (low vs. high) drove the differences we observed in final body weight and gene expression in the liver, regardless of the amount of food available to the animals during adolescence. Many of the differentially expressed genes and the corresponding biological processes found to be overrepresented overlapped, implicating common changes in various domains. These included metabolism, homeostasis, cellular responses to diverse stimuli, transport of bile acids and other molecules, cell differentiation, major urinary proteins, and immunity and inflammation. Conclusions Our previous and present observations found no support for the MMH in the context of low vs high food availability from adolescence to early adulthood in female C57BL/6J mice. However, even small differences of approximately 10% in food availability during early adulthood resulted in physiological and molecular changes with potential beneficial implications for metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Feige-Diller
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG RTG EvoPAD, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
- Janina Feige-Diller
| | - Marisol Herrera-Rivero
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marisol Herrera-Rivero ;
| | - Anika Witten
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Core Facility Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- DFG RTG EvoPAD, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kaiser
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S. Helene Richter
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG RTG EvoPAD, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Norbert Sachser
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- DFG RTG EvoPAD, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ibrahim KG, Adeshina KA, Bello MB, Malami I, Abubakar B, Abubakar MB, Imam MU. Prophylactic Use of Natural Products against Developmentally Programmed Metabolic Syndrome. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:650-663. [PMID: 34000739 DOI: 10.1055/a-1482-2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parental dietary choices and/or nutritional interventions in the offspring are critical to early life development, especially during the periods of active developmental plasticity in the offspring. Exposure to a high-fructose, high-fat diet during the fetal or neonatal period predisposes the affected individuals to the development of one or more features of metabolic syndrome, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and associated cardiovascular diseases, later in their life. Owing to the increasing global prevalence of metabolic syndrome and multiple side effects that accompany conventional medicines, much attention is directed towards medicinal plants and phytochemicals as alternative interventions. Several studies have investigated the potential of natural agents to prevent programmed metabolic syndrome. This present review, therefore, highlights an inextricable relationship between the administration of medicinal plants or phytochemicals during the intrauterine or neonatal period, and the prevention of metabolic dysfunction in adulthood, while exploring the mechanisms by which they exert such an effect. The review also identifies plant products as a novel approach to the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Ahmad Adeshina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Bilyaminu Abubakar
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Canada's Colonial Genocide of Indigenous Peoples: A Review of the Psychosocial and Neurobiological Processes Linking Trauma and Intergenerational Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116455. [PMID: 35682038 PMCID: PMC9179992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The policies and actions that were enacted to colonize Indigenous Peoples in Canada have been described as constituting cultural genocide. When one considers the long-term consequences from the perspective of the social and environmental determinants of health framework, the impacts of such policies on the physical and mental health of Indigenous Peoples go well beyond cultural loss. This paper addresses the impacts of key historical and current Canadian federal policies in relation to the health and well-being of Indigenous Peoples. Far from constituting a mere lesson in history, the connections between colonialist policies and actions on present-day outcomes are evaluated in terms of transgenerational and intergenerational transmission processes, including psychosocial, developmental, environmental, and neurobiological mechanisms and trauma responses. In addition, while colonialist policies have created adverse living conditions for Indigenous Peoples, resilience and the perseverance of many aspects of culture may be maintained through intergenerational processes.
Collapse
|
35
|
Musillo C, Berry A, Cirulli F. Prenatal psychological or metabolic stress increases the risk for psychiatric disorders: the "funnel effect" model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104624. [PMID: 35304226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adverse stressful experiences in utero can redirect fetal brain development, ultimately leading to increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Obesity during pregnancy can have similar effects as maternal stress, affecting mental health in the offspring. In order to explain how similar outcomes may originate from different prenatal conditions, we propose a "funnel effect" model whereby maternal psychological or metabolic stress triggers the same evolutionarily conserved response pathways, increasing vulnerability for psychopathology. In this context, the placenta, which is the main mother-fetus interface, appears to facilitate such convergence, re-directing "stress" signals to the fetus. Characterizing converging pathways activated by different adverse environmental conditions is fundamental to assess the emergence of risk signatures of major psychiatric disorders, which might enable preventive measures in risk populations, and open up new diagnostics, and potentially therapeutic approaches for disease prevention and health promotion already during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Musillo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berry
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Langley-Evans SC. Early life programming of health and disease: the long-term consequences of obesity in pregnancy: a narrative review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:816-832. [PMID: 35475555 PMCID: PMC9540012 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising in all parts of the world and among young women it presents a very clear danger during pregnancy. Women who are overweight or who gain excessive weight during pregnancy are at greater risk of complications in pregnancy and labour, and are more likely to lose their child to stillbirth, or themselves die during pregnancy. This narrative review considers the evidence that in addition to increasing risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, obesity has the capacity to programme fetuses to be at greater risk of cardiometabolic disorders later in life. An extensive body of evidence from prospective and retrospective cohorts, and record linkage studies demonstrates associations of maternal obesity and/or gestational diabetes with cardiovascular disease, type-1 and type-2 diabetes. Studies in animals suggest that these associations are underpinned by adaptations that occur in fetal life, which remodel the structures of major organs including the brain, kidney and pancreas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Langley-Evans
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shi Z, Shi X, Yan AF. Exposure to Chinese Famine during Early Life Increases the Risk of Fracture during Adulthood. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051060. [PMID: 35268035 PMCID: PMC8912709 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on identifying whether exposure to the Chinese Great Famine (1959–1961) in early life amplified the potential for fractures in adulthood. The survey was conducted using data from the 1997–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)—5235 adults born between 1954 and 1964 were selected as the sample size. Fracture was defined based on self-report. Those born from 1962–1964 were treated as non-exposure group. Those with exposure to famine were divided into four subgroups: Fetal, early childhood, mid-childhood, and late childhood cohorts. The association between the groups and fracture was determined using Cox regression. In follow-up data (mean of 11 years), fractures were identified in 418 of the participants. The incidence of fracture was 8.7 in late childhood, 8.1 in mid-childhood, 8.3 in early childhood, 7.0 in fetal, and 5.4 in non-exposed cohorts per 1000 person-year. Compared with the non-exposed group, the famine-exposed groups had an increased risk of developing fracture in adulthood with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of 1.29 (0.90–1.85), 1.48 (1.08–2.03), 1.45 (1.02–2.06), and 1.54 (1.08–2.20), respectively. The positive link of famine exposure to risk of fracture occurred primarily in those participants with a modern diet who lived in urban areas. In conclusion, the risk of fracture in Chinese adults is associated with famine exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4403-6037
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Transformation & Operation, Deloitte, Canberra, ACT 2609, Australia;
| | - Alice F. Yan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wiegersma AM, Boots A, Roseboom TJ, de Rooij SR. Prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine is associated with more self-perceived cognitive problems at 72 years of age. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:176. [PMID: 35236291 PMCID: PMC8892724 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Undernutrition during critical periods of neurodevelopment can hinder the developing brain with lasting negative consequences for brain size, structure and function. In this study, we describe self-perceived cognitive problems of men and women who were born around the time of the Dutch famine of 1944–45. Methods We compared self-perceived cognitive problems between men and women who had been exposed to the 1944–45 Dutch famine in late, mid or early gestation and those who were born before or conceived after the famine (and had thus not been exposed prenatally). We included 595 participants aged 71–74 years. Results Women who had been exposed to famine in late gestation more often reported cognitive problems compared to those who had not been exposed (OR 2.2 [95% CI 1.1–4.4]), whereas for men, this was the case for those exposed in early gestation (OR 2.3 [0.9–5.5]). Furthermore, men and women exposed in early gestation more often reported consulting a healthcare practitioner for cognitive problems in the past 12 months (OR 3.2 [1.3–8.1]). Especially men exposed in early gestation reported having consulted a healthcare practitioner more often than unexposed men (OR 4.4 [1.2–16.0]). Conclusions These findings suggest that prenatal undernutrition does not only have lasting effects on brain size, but also on its function, with more self-perceived cognitive problems at older age, which also require more medical attention. Also, the effects of undernutrition depend on sex and its timing during gestation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-02820-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Marileen Wiegersma
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Amber Boots
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne R de Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Purpose of Review Climate change is the biggest public health threat of the twenty-first century but its impact on the perinatal period has only recently received attention. This review summarizes recent literature regarding the impacts of climate change and related environmental disasters on pregnancy health and provides recommendations to inform future adaptation and mitigation efforts. Recent Findings Accumulating evidence suggests that the changing climate affects pregnancy health directly via discrete environmental disasters (i.e., wildfire, extreme heat, hurricane, flood, and drought), and indirectly through changes in the natural and social environment. Although studies vary greatly in design, analytic methods, and assessment strategies, they generally converge to suggest that climate-related disasters are associated with increased risk of gestational complication, pregnancy loss, restricted fetal growth, low birthweight, preterm birth, and selected delivery/newborn complications. Window(s) of exposure with the highest sensitivity are not clear, but both acute and chronic exposures appear important. Furthermore, socioeconomically disadvantaged populations may be more vulnerable. Summary Policy, clinical, and research strategies for adaptation and mitigation should be continued, strengthened, and expanded with cross-disciplinary efforts. Top priorities should include (a) reinforcing and expanding policies to further reduce emission, (b) increasing awareness and education resources for healthcare providers and the public, (c) facilitating access to quality population-based data in low-resource areas, and (d) research efforts to better understand mechanisms of effects, identify susceptible populations and windows of exposure, explore interactive impacts of multiple exposures, and develop novel methods to better quantify pregnancy health impacts.
Collapse
|
40
|
Patterson SK, Strum SC, Silk JB. Early life adversity has long-term effects on sociality and interaction style in female baboons. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212244. [PMID: 35105243 PMCID: PMC8808103 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Social bonds enhance fitness in many group-living animals, generating interest in the processes that create individual variation in sociality. Previous work on female baboons shows that early life adversity and temperament both influence social connectedness in adulthood. Early life adversity might shape sociality by reducing ability to invest in social relationships or through effects on attractiveness as a social partner. We examine how females' early life adversity predicts sociality and temperament in wild olive baboons, and evaluate whether temperament mediates the relationship between early life adversity and sociality. We use behavioural data on 31 females to quantify sociality. We measure interaction style as the tendency to produce grunts (signals of benign intent) in contexts in which the vocalization does not produce immediate benefits to the actor. Early life adversity was negatively correlated with overall sociality, but was a stronger predictor of social behaviours received than behaviours initiated. Females who experienced less early life adversity had more benign interaction styles and benign interaction styles were associated with receiving more social behaviours. Interaction style may partially mediate the association between early life adversity and sociality. These analyses add to our growing understanding of the processes connecting early life experiences to adult sociality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam K. Patterson
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shirley C. Strum
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA,Uaso Ngiro Baboon Project, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joan B. Silk
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA,Institute for Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Varela RB, Cararo JH, Tye SJ, Carvalho AF, Valvassori SS, Fries GR, Quevedo J. Contributions of epigenetic inheritance to the predisposition of major psychiatric disorders: theoretical framework, evidence, and implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
42
|
Bari MW, Ishiyama S, Matsumoto S, Mochizuki K, Kishigami S. From lessons on the long-term effects of the preimplantation environment on later health to a "modified ART-DOHaD" animal model. Reprod Med Biol 2022; 21:e12469. [PMID: 35781921 PMCID: PMC9243299 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At its earliest stages, mammalian embryonic development is apparently simple but vulnerable. The environment during the preimplantation period, which only lasts a couple of days, has been implicated in adult health, extending to such early stages the concept of the developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD). Methods In this review, we first provide a brief history of assisted reproductive technology (ART) focusing on in vitro culture and its outcomes during subsequent development mainly in mice and humans. Further, we introduce the "MEM mouse," a novel type 2 diabetes mouse model generated by in vitro culture of preimplantation embryos in alpha minimum essential medium (αMEM). Main findings The association between ART and its long-term effects has been carefully examined for its application in human infertility treatment. The "MEM mouse" develops steatohepatitis and kidney disease with diabetes into adulthood. Conclusion The close association between the environment of preimplantation and health in postnatal life is being clarified. The approach by which severe mouse phenotypes are successfully induced by manipulating the environment of preimplantation embryos could provide new chronic disease animal models, which we call "modified ART-DOHaD" animal models. This will also offer insights into the mechanisms underlying their long-term effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Wasim Bari
- Department of Integrated Applied Life ScienceUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
| | - Shiori Ishiyama
- Department of Integrated Applied Life ScienceUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
| | - Sachi Matsumoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Department of Integrated Applied Life ScienceUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
| | - Satoshi Kishigami
- Department of Integrated Applied Life ScienceUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
- Center for advanced Assisted Reproductive TechnologiesUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
AlMogbel TA, Ross G, Wu T, Molyneaux L, Constantino MI, McGill M, Harding AJ, Pech C, Alrasheed AA, Wong J. Ramadan and gestational diabetes: maternal and neonatal outcomes. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:21-30. [PMID: 34427780 PMCID: PMC8758603 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The impact of Ramadan exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) pregnancies is not known. We therefore aimed to assess the association of Ramadan with maternal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with GDM. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of 345 Muslim women with singleton pregnancies who attended a major Sydney teaching hospital during the period 1989-2010, was undertaken. Exposure to Ramadan was stratified by the: (1) total pregnancy days exposed to Ramadan, (2) duration (hours) of daily fasting and (3) trimester of exposure. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were examined by exposure status, and never exposed pregnancies were comparator in all three analyses. Fasting status was not recorded. RESULTS We found no significant effect of Ramadan exposure on mean birthweight, macrosomia and maternal outcomes. However, we found a significant trend for increased neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with increasing Ramadan days exposure and later trimester exposure (ptrend ≤ 0.02 for both), with adjusted OR 3.9 (p=0.03) for those with ≥ 21 days exposure to Ramadan and adjusted OR 4.3 (p=0.04) for third trimester exposure. Conversely longer Ramadan exposure and late trimester exposure were independently associated with a lower prevalence of neonatal hypoglycaemia (adjusted OR 0.4 and 0.3 for ≥ 21 days and third trimester exposure, respectively). Furthermore, neonatal hypoglycaemia decreased for the fasting period of > 15 h group (adjusted OR 0.2, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Ramadan exposure is associated with reduced neonatal hypoglycaemia, with no effect on birthweight, implying more favourable glycaemic control. However, the fourfold excess of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia indicates a need for further study of Ramadan and GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Turki Abdullah AlMogbel
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology, The RPAH Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Glynis Ross
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The RPAH Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ted Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The RPAH Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lynda Molyneaux
- Department of Endocrinology, The RPAH Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Ines Constantino
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The RPAH Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret McGill
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The RPAH Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Jane Harding
- Department of Endocrinology, The RPAH Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christine Pech
- Department of Endocrinology, The RPAH Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abdullah A Alrasheed
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The RPAH Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jencia Wong
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The RPAH Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Veras H. Wrong place, wrong time: The long-run effects of in-utero exposure to malaria on educational attainment. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 44:101092. [PMID: 34923211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2021.101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the long-term relationship between early life exposure to malaria and human capital accumulation in Brazil. The identification strategy relies on exogenous variation in the risk of malaria outbreaks in different states and seasons of the year to identify in utero exposure according to the timing and location of birth. I find consistent negative treatment effects of in utero exposure to malaria on educational attainment. The effects are stronger for exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy than during other periods of gestation. Effective anti-malaria policies can, thus, be an important factor contributing to reducing the educational inequality by targeting pregnant women, especially those in their first months of gestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Veras
- Department of Economics and Business, Centre College, Crounse Hall 417, 1600 W Walnut St, Danville, KY 40422, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kretschmer M, Gapp K. Deciphering the RNA universe in sperm in its role as a vertical information carrier. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2022; 8:dvac011. [PMID: 35633894 PMCID: PMC9134061 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The inheritance of neurophysiologic and neuropsychologic complex diseases can only partly be explained by the Mendelian concept of genetic inheritance. Previous research showed that both psychological disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder and metabolic diseases are more prevalent in the progeny of affected parents. This could suggest an epigenetic mode of transmission. Human studies give first insight into the scope of intergenerational influence of stressors but are limited in exploring the underlying mechanisms. Animal models have elucidated the mechanistic underpinnings of epigenetic transmission. In this review, we summarize progress on the mechanisms of paternal intergenerational transmission by means of sperm RNA in mouse models. We discuss relevant details for the modelling of RNA-mediated transmission, point towards currently unanswered questions and propose experimental considerations for tackling these questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kretschmer
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Centre Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Gapp
- *Correspondence address. Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Y36 M 12, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland. Tel: +0041 44 633 85 89; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu D, Yang J, Wang S. Early-life exposure to famine and the risk of general and abdominal obesity in adulthood: a 22-year cohort study. Public Health 2021; 202:113-120. [PMID: 34936979 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate how early-life exposure to famine affected the development of overweight, general obesity and abdominal obesity in Chinese adults. STUDY DESIGN This study was a 22-year cohort study. METHODS Data were derived from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, which is a national prospective cohort study. All participants born between 1949 and 1966 were potentially eligible. Height, weight and waist circumference (WC) were measured by trained healthcare workers. Height and weight were used to calculate body mass index, which was used to define general obesity and WC was used to define abdominal obesity. Exposure to famine was defined using the birth date as follows: no exposure (participants born between 1962 and 1966); fetal exposure (participants born between 1959 and 1961); early childhood exposure (participants born between 1956 and 1958); mid-childhood exposure (participants born between 1953 and 1955); and late childhood exposure (participants born between 1949 and 1952). RESULTS In total, 6957 participants were included in this study. Results indicate that exposure to famine was linked to a lower risk of being overweight. Exposure to famine in mid-childhood decreased the risk of general obesity in both males (hazard ratio [HR] 0.485, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.292-0.807 [P = 0.005]) and females (HR 0.426, 95% CI 0.256-0.709 [P = 0.001]). Exposure to famine during any period of childhood decreased the risk of abdominal obesity (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to famine in early childhood decreased the risk of overweight and abdominal obesity in adulthood; however, exposure to famine only had a weak role in the development of general obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cutfield W, Ayyavoo A. The Auxological and Metabolic Consequences for Children Born Small for Gestational Age. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:1235-1240. [PMID: 34405367 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-021-03897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
'Small for gestational age' (SGA) is an auxological and not an etiological definition that characterizes children born small based upon low-birth-weight and/or birth-length criteria [≥ 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for gestational age]. Most SGA children exhibit catch-up growth into the normal range within 6 mo of age. Overall SGA children are 4 cm shorter than expected based upon midparental height and being born SGA is a common cause of adult short stature. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been shown to improve adult height by 0.9 SDs and is a safe treatment. Surprisingly, a higher rhGH dose (67 μgm/kg/d) did not lead to a greater adult height than a conventional dose (33 μgm/kg/d). At least 85% of SGA children treated through childhood with rhGH achieve a height within the normal adult range. Other long-term consequences for children born SGA include insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Cross-sectional studies have found reduced insulin sensitivity in the neonatal, childhood, and young adult periods. Increased abdominal fat has been shown in preschool SGA children and is more evident in young adults. Increased adiposity markedly accentuates reduction in insulin sensitivity. Many SGA children have suffered from in utero nutritional restriction that leads to long-term growth restriction and adverse metabolic sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Cutfield
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ahila Ayyavoo
- Department of Pediatrics, G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641037, India.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lin PZ, Meissner CM. Persistent Pandemics. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2021; 43:101044. [PMID: 34371338 PMCID: PMC8285223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2021.101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We ask whether mortality from historical pandemics has any predictive content for mortality in the Covid-19 pandemic. We find strong persistence in public health performance. Places that performed worse in terms of mortality in the 1918 influenza pandemic also have higher Covid-19 mortality today. This is true across countries as well as across a sample of large US cities. Experience with SARS in 2003 is associated with slightly lower mortality today. We discuss some socio-political factors that may account for persistence including distrust of expert advice, lack of cooperation, over-confidence, and health care supply shortages. Multi-generational effects of past pandemics may also matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Z Lin
- California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Christopher M Meissner
- Department of Economics, University of California, Davis and National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), United States.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Foroutan A, Wishart DS, Fitzsimmons C. Exploring Biological Impacts of Prenatal Nutrition and Selection for Residual Feed Intake on Beef Cattle Using Omics Technologies: A Review. Front Genet 2021; 12:720268. [PMID: 34790219 PMCID: PMC8592258 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.720268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 70% of the cost of beef production is impacted by dietary intake. Maximizing production efficiency of beef cattle requires not only genetic selection to maximize feed efficiency (i.e., residual feed intake (RFI)), but also adequate nutrition throughout all stages of growth and development to maximize efficiency of growth and reproductive capacity, even during gestation. RFI as a measure of feed efficiency in cattle has been recently accepted and used in the beef industry, but the effect of selection for RFI upon the dynamics of gestation has not been extensively studied, especially in the context of fluctuating energy supply to the dam and fetus. Nutrient restriction during gestation has been shown to negatively affect postnatal growth and development as well as fertility of beef cattle offspring. This, when combined with the genetic potential for RFI, may significantly affect energy partitioning in the offspring and subsequently important performance traits. In this review, we discuss: 1) the importance of RFI as a measure of feed efficiency and how it can affect other economic traits in beef cattle; 2) the influence of prenatal nutrition on physiological phenotypes in calves; 3) the benefits of investigating the interaction of genetic selection for RFI and prenatal nutrition; 4) how metabolomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics have been employed to investigate the underlying biology associated with prenatal nutrition, RFI, or their interactions in beef cattle; and 5) how the integration of omics information is adding a level of deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of phenotypic traits in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Foroutan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David S. Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Carolyn Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wu X, Du J, Li L, Cao W, Sun S. Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort Prediction of Mortality of Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease in China: A Modeling Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:767263. [PMID: 34777260 PMCID: PMC8586507 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.767263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD) continues to rise in China. We analyzed time trends in DKD mortality and associations with age, period, and birth cohort from 1990 to 2019, made projections up to 2030, and examined the drivers of deaths from DKD. Methods and Findings The number of DKD deaths in China from 1990 to 2019 was obtained from the GBD 2019. We used age-period-cohort modeling to estimate age, period, and cohort effects in DKD mortality between 1990 and 2019. We calculated net drift (overall annual percentage change), local drift (annual percentage change in each age group), longitudinal age curves (expected longitudinal age-specific rates), period, and cohort relative risks. We used Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis with integrated nested Laplace approximations to project future age-specific DKD death cases from 2020 to 2030. We used a validated decomposition algorithm to attribute changes in DKD deaths to population growth, population aging, and epidemiologic changes from 1990 to 2030. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized mortality rate of DKD in China was relatively stable, but the absolute number of DKD deaths showed a noticeable increasing trend. The overall annual percentage change (net drift) was -0.75% (95% confidence interval, CI: -0.93 to -0.57) for males and -1.90% (95% CI, -2.19 to -1.62) for females. The age-specific annual percentage changes (local drifts) were below zero in all age groups from 1990 to 2019 except for males aged above 65 to 69 years, and for females aged above 70 to 74 years. The risk of DKD deaths increased exponentially with age for both sexes after controlling for period deviations. The Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis projects that there would be 88,803 deaths from DKD in 2030, increased by 224.2% from 1990. Despite a decrease in age-specific DKD death rates, the reduction would be entirely offset by population aging. Conclusions Although China has made progress in reducing DKD deaths, demographic changes have entirely offset the progress. The burden of DKD deaths is likely to continue increasing. Our findings suggest that large-scale screening is imperative for DKD control and prevention, particularly for high-risk groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianqiang Du
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Linchang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Second Clinical School of Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wangnan Cao
- Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|