1
|
Rooban S, Arul Senghor K, Vinodhini V, Kumar J. Adropin: A crucial regulator of cardiovascular health and metabolic balance. Metabol Open 2024; 23:100299. [PMID: 39045137 PMCID: PMC11263719 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2024.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Adropin, a peptide discovered in 2008, has gained recognition as a key regulator of cardiovascular health and metabolic balance. Initially identified for its roles in energy balance, lipid metabolism, and glucose regulation, adropin has also been found to improve cardiovascular health by enhancing endothelial function, modulating lipid profiles, and reducing oxidative stress. These protective mechanisms suggest that adropin may be able to help prevent conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. Research has established connections between adropin and cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, positioning it as a valuable biomarker for evaluating cardiovascular disease risk. New studies highlight adropin's diagnostic and prognostic significance, showing that higher levels are linked to better cardiovascular outcomes, while lower levels are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on adropin, emphasizing its significance as a promising focus in the intersection of cardiovascular health and metabolic health. By summarizing the latest research findings, this review aims to offer insights into the potential applications of adropin in both clinical practice and research, leading to a deeper understanding of its role in maintaining cardiovascular and metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rooban
- Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K.A. Arul Senghor
- Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V.M. Vinodhini
- Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J.S. Kumar
- Department of General Medicine, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sabadell-Basallote J, Astiarraga B, Castaño C, Ejarque M, Repollés-de-Dalmau M, Quesada I, Blanco J, Nuñez-Roa C, Rodríguez-Peña MM, Martínez L, De Jesus DF, Marroqui L, Bosch R, Montanya E, Sureda FX, Tura A, Mari A, Kulkarni RN, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S. SUCNR1 regulates insulin secretion and glucose elevates the succinate response in people with prediabetes. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173214. [PMID: 38713514 PMCID: PMC11178533 DOI: 10.1172/jci173214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is a key feature of type 2 diabetes, and novel regulators of insulin secretion are desirable. Here we report that the succinate receptor (SUCNR1) is expressed in β-cells and is up-regulated in hyperglycemic states in mice and humans. We found that succinate acts as a hormone-like metabolite and stimulates insulin secretion via a SUCNR1-Gq-PKC-dependent mechanism in human β-cells. Mice with β-cell-specific Sucnr1 deficiency exhibit impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion on a high-fat diet, indicating that SUCNR1 is essential for preserving insulin secretion in diet-induced insulin resistance. Patients with impaired glucose tolerance show an enhanced nutritional-related succinate response, which correlates with the potentiation of insulin secretion during intravenous glucose administration. These data demonstrate that the succinate/SUCNR1 axis is activated by high glucose and identify a GPCR-mediated amplifying pathway for insulin secretion relevant to the hyperinsulinemia of prediabetic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Sabadell-Basallote
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Brenno Astiarraga
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carlos Castaño
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Repollés-de-Dalmau
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ELCHE, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Catalina Nuñez-Roa
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M-Mar Rodríguez-Peña
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Martínez
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Laura Marroqui
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ELCHE, Spain
| | - Ramon Bosch
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eduard Montanya
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ELCHE, Spain
| | - Francesc X Sureda
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Andrea Tura
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shilleh AH, Viloria K, Broichhagen J, Campbell JE, Hodson DJ. GLP1R and GIPR expression and signaling in pancreatic alpha cells, beta cells and delta cells. Peptides 2024; 175:171179. [PMID: 38360354 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) are transmembrane receptors involved in insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from the pancreatic islet. Therapeutic targeting of GLP1R and GIPR restores blood glucose levels in part by influencing beta cell, alpha cell and delta cell function. Despite the importance of the incretin-mimetics for diabetes therapy, our understanding of GLP1R and GIPR expression patterns and signaling within the islet remain incomplete. Here, we present the evidence for GLP1R and GIPR expression in the major islet cell types, before addressing signaling pathway(s) engaged, as well as their influence on cell survival and function. While GLP1R is largely a beta cell-specific marker within the islet, GIPR is expressed in alpha cells, beta cells, and (possibly) delta cells. GLP1R and GIPR engage Gs-coupled pathways in most settings, although the exact outcome on hormone release depends on paracrine communication and promiscuous signaling. Biased agonism away from beta-arrestin is an emerging concept for improving therapeutic efficacy, and is also relevant for GLP1R/GIPR dual agonism. Lastly, dual agonists exert multiple effects on islet function through GIPR > GLP1R imbalance, increased GLP1R surface expression and cAMP signaling, as well as beneficial alpha cell-beta cell-delta cell crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Shilleh
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katrina Viloria
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jonathan E Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - David J Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jansen TJP, Brom M, Boss M, Buitinga M, Tack CJ, van Meijel LA, de Galan BE, Gotthardt M. Importance of beta cell mass for glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2023; 66:367-375. [PMID: 36394644 PMCID: PMC9669532 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The role of beta cell mass in the balance of glucose control and hypoglycaemic burden in people with type 1 diabetes is unclear. We applied positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with radiolabelled exendin to compare beta cell mass among people with type 1 diabetes and either low glucose variability (LGV) or high glucose variability (HGV). METHODS All participants with either LGV (n=9) or HGV (n=7) underwent a mixed-meal tolerance test to determine beta cell function and wore a blinded continuous glucose monitor for a week. After an i.v. injection with [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4, PET images were acquired for the quantification of pancreatic uptake of radiolabelled exendin. The mean standardised uptake value (SUVmean) of the pancreas was used to determine the amount of beta cell mass. RESULTS Participants with LGV had lower HbA1c (46.0 mmol/mol [44.5-52.5] [6.4% (6.3-7)] vs 80 mmol/mol [69.0-110] [9.5% (8.5-12.2)], p=0.001) and higher time in range (TIR) (75.6% [73.5-90.3] vs 38.7% [25.1-48.5], p=0.002) than those with HGV. The SUVmean of the pancreas was higher for the LGV than for the HGV group (5.1 [3.6-5.6] vs 2.9 [2.1-3.4], p=0.008). The AUCC-peptide:AUCglucose ratio was numerically, but not statistically, higher in the LGV compared with the HGV group (2.7×10-2 [6.2×10-4-5.3×10-2] vs 9.3×10-4 [4.7×10-4-5.2×10-3], p=0.21). SUVmean correlated with the AUCC-peptide:AUCglucose ratio (Pearson r=0.64, p=0.01), as well as with the TIR (r=0.64, p=0.01) and the SD of interstitial glucose levels (r=-0.66, p=0.007). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Our data show higher beta cell mass in people with type 1 diabetes and LGV than in those with HGV, independent of beta cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodorus J P Jansen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Brom
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marti Boss
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Mijke Buitinga
- Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lian A van Meijel
- Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Internal Medicine, Maxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan E de Galan
- Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Internal Medicine, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahn CH, Oh TJ, Min SH, Cho YM. Incretin and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:1-9. [PMID: 36781163 PMCID: PMC10008660 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain normal glucose homeostasis after a meal, it is essential to secrete an adequate amount of insulin from pancreatic β-cells. However, if pancreatic β-cells solely depended on the blood glucose level for insulin secretion, a surge in blood glucose levels would be inevitable after the ingestion of a large amount of carbohydrates. To avoid a deluge of glucose in the bloodstream after a large carbohydrate- rich meal, enteroendocrine cells detect the amount of nutrient absorption from the gut lumen and secrete incretin hormones at scale. Since insulin secretion in response to incretin hormones occurs only in a hyperglycemic milieu, pancreatic β-cells can secrete a "Goldilocks" amount of insulin (i.e., not too much and not too little) to keep the blood glucose level in the normal range. In this regard, pancreatic β-cell sensitivity to glucose and incretin hormones is crucial for maintaining normal glucose homeostasis. In this Namgok lecture 2022, we review the effects of current anti-diabetic medications on pancreatic β-cell sensitivity to glucose and incretin hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Se Hee Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Young Min Cho. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-1965, Fax: +82-2-2072-7246, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Capozzi ME, D'Alessio DA, Campbell JE. The past, present, and future physiology and pharmacology of glucagon. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1654-1674. [PMID: 36323234 PMCID: PMC9641554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of glucagon has seen the transition from an impurity in the preparation of insulin to the development of glucagon receptor agonists for use in type 1 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, glucagon receptor antagonists have been explored to reduce glycemia thought to be induced by hyperglucagonemia. However, the catabolic actions of glucagon are currently being leveraged to target the rise in obesity that paralleled that of diabetes, bringing the pharmacology of glucagon full circle. During this evolution, the physiological importance of glucagon advanced beyond the control of hepatic glucose production, incorporating critical roles for glucagon to regulate both lipid and amino acid metabolism. Thus, it is unsurprising that the study of glucagon has left several paradoxes that make it difficult to distill this hormone down to a simplified action. Here, we describe the history of glucagon from the past to the present and suggest some direction to the future of this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Capozzi
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - David A D'Alessio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Jonathan E Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bourouh C, Courty E, Rolland L, Pasquetti G, Gromada X, Rabhi N, Carney C, Moreno M, Boutry R, Caron E, Benfodda Z, Meffre P, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Froguel P, Bonnefond A, Oger F, Annicotte JS. The transcription factor E2F1 controls the GLP-1 receptor pathway in pancreatic β cells. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111170. [PMID: 35947949 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide 1 (Glp-1) has emerged as a hormone with broad pharmacological potential in type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment, notably by improving β cell functions. The cell-cycle regulator and transcription factor E2f1 is involved in glucose homeostasis by modulating β cell mass and function. Here, we report that β cell-specific genetic ablation of E2f1 (E2f1β-/-) impairs glucose homeostasis associated with decreased expression of the Glp-1 receptor (Glp1r) in E2f1β-/- pancreatic islets. Pharmacological inhibition of E2F1 transcriptional activity in nondiabetic human islets decreases GLP1R levels and blunts the incretin effect of GLP1R agonist exendin-4 (ex-4) on insulin secretion. Overexpressing E2f1 in pancreatic β cells increases Glp1r expression associated with enhanced insulin secretion mediated by ex-4. Interestingly, ex-4 induces retinoblastoma protein (pRb) phosphorylation and E2f1 transcriptional activity. Our findings reveal critical roles for E2f1 in β cell function and suggest molecular crosstalk between the E2F1/pRb and GLP1R signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Bourouh
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Courty
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Laure Rolland
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gianni Pasquetti
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Gromada
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Nabil Rabhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Charlène Carney
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Maeva Moreno
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Raphaël Boutry
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Caron
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition - EGID - DISTALZ, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Zohra Benfodda
- Université de Nîmes, UPR CHROME, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 1, France
| | - Patrick Meffre
- Université de Nîmes, UPR CHROME, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 1, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Frédérik Oger
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Van Simaeys D, De La Fuente A, Zilio S, Zoso A, Kuznetsova V, Alcazar O, Buchwald P, Grilli A, Caroli J, Bicciato S, Serafini P. RNA aptamers specific for transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 6 and Clusterin for the targeted delivery of imaging reagents and RNA therapeutics to human β cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1815. [PMID: 35383192 PMCID: PMC8983715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect and target β cells in vivo can substantially refine how diabetes is studied and treated. However, the lack of specific probes still hampers a precise characterization of human β cell mass and the delivery of therapeutics in clinical settings. Here, we report the identification of two RNA aptamers that specifically and selectively recognize mouse and human β cells. The putative targets of the two aptamers are transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 6 (TMED6) and clusterin (CLUS). When given systemically in immune deficient mice, these aptamers recognize the human islet graft producing a fluorescent signal proportional to the number of human islets transplanted. These aptamers cross-react with endogenous mouse β cells and allow monitoring the rejection of mouse islet allografts. Finally, once conjugated to saRNA specific for X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), they can efficiently transfect non-dissociated human islets, prevent early graft loss, and improve the efficacy of human islet transplantation in immunodeficient in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Van Simaeys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adriana De La Fuente
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Serena Zilio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alessia Zoso
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Victoria Kuznetsova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Oscar Alcazar
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Peter Buchwald
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Grilli
- Center for Genome Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jimmy Caroli
- Center for Genome Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Serafini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. .,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin H, Smith N, Spigelman AF, Suzuki K, Ferdaoussi M, Alghamdi TA, Lewandowski SL, Jin Y, Bautista A, Wang YW, Manning Fox JE, Merrins MJ, Buteau J, MacDonald PE. β-Cell Knockout of SENP1 Reduces Responses to Incretins and Worsens Oral Glucose Tolerance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Diabetes 2021; 70:2626-2638. [PMID: 34462260 PMCID: PMC8564408 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation reduces oxidative stress and preserves islet mass at the expense of robust insulin secretion. To investigate a role for the deSUMOylating enzyme sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1) following metabolic stress, we put pancreas/gut-specific SENP1 knockout (pSENP1-KO) mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Male pSENP1-KO mice were more glucose intolerant following HFD than littermate controls but only in response to oral glucose. A similar phenotype was observed in females. Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses were identical in pSENP1-KO and wild-type littermates, including the HFD-induced upregulation of GIP responses. Islet mass was not different, but insulin secretion and β-cell exocytotic responses to the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 (Ex4) and GIP were impaired in islets lacking SENP1. Glucagon secretion from pSENP1-KO islets was also reduced, so we generated β-cell-specific SENP1 KO mice. These phenocopied the pSENP1-KO mice with selective impairment in oral glucose tolerance following HFD, preserved islet mass expansion, and impaired β-cell exocytosis and insulin secretion to Ex4 and GIP without changes in cAMP or Ca2+ levels. Thus, β-cell SENP1 limits oral glucose intolerance following HFD by ensuring robust insulin secretion at a point downstream of incretin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nancy Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aliya F Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kunimasa Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mourad Ferdaoussi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tamadher A Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sophie L Lewandowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Yaxing Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Austin Bautista
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ying Wayne Wang
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jocelyn E Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew J Merrins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Jean Buteau
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cataldo LR, Vishnu N, Singh T, Bertonnier-Brouty L, Bsharat S, Luan C, Renström E, Prasad RB, Fex M, Mulder H, Artner I. The MafA-target gene PPP1R1A regulates GLP1R-mediated amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in β-cells. Metabolism 2021; 118:154734. [PMID: 33631146 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) through incretin signaling is critical for maintaining physiological glucose levels. Incretins, like glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), are a target of type 2 diabetes drugs aiming to enhance insulin secretion. Here we show that the protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor protein 1A (PPP1R1A), is expressed in β-cells and that its expression is reduced in dysfunctional β-cells lacking MafA and upon acute MafA knock down. MafA is a central regulator of GSIS and β-cell function. We observed a strong correlation of MAFA and PPP1R1A mRNA levels in human islets, moreover, PPP1R1A mRNA levels were reduced in type 2 diabetic islets and positively correlated with GLP1-mediated GSIS amplification. PPP1R1A silencing in INS1 (832/13) β-cells impaired GSIS amplification, PKA-target protein phosphorylation, mitochondrial coupling efficiency and also the expression of critical β-cell marker genes like MafA, Pdx1, NeuroD1 and Pax6. Our results demonstrate that the β-cell transcription factor MafA is required for PPP1R1A expression and that reduced β-cell PPP1R1A levels impaired β-cell function and contributed to β-cell dedifferentiation during type 2 diabetes. Loss of PPP1R1A in type 2 diabetic β-cells may explains the unresponsiveness of type 2 diabetic patients to GLP1R-based treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden.
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Tania Singh
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Ludivine Bertonnier-Brouty
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Sara Bsharat
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Cheng Luan
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arcones AC, Vila-Bedmar R, Mirasierra M, Cruces-Sande M, Vallejo M, Jones B, Tomas A, Mayor F, Murga C. GRK2 regulates GLP-1R-mediated early phase insulin secretion in vivo. BMC Biol 2021; 19:40. [PMID: 33658023 PMCID: PMC7931601 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cell is finely modulated by different signals to allow an adequate control of glucose homeostasis. Incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) act as key physiological potentiators of insulin release through binding to the G protein-coupled receptor GLP-1R. Another key regulator of insulin signaling is the Ser/Thr kinase G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). However, whether GRK2 affects insulin secretion or if GRK2 can control incretin actions in vivo remains to be analyzed. RESULTS Using GRK2 hemizygous mice, isolated pancreatic islets, and model β-cell lines, we have uncovered a relevant physiological role for GRK2 as a regulator of incretin-mediated insulin secretion in vivo. Feeding, oral glucose gavage, or administration of GLP-1R agonists in animals with reduced GRK2 levels (GRK2+/- mice) resulted in enhanced early phase insulin release without affecting late phase secretion. In contrast, intraperitoneal glucose-induced insulin release was not affected. This effect was recapitulated in isolated islets and correlated with the increased size or priming efficacy of the readily releasable pool (RRP) of insulin granules that was observed in GRK2+/- mice. Using nanoBRET in β-cell lines, we found that stimulation of GLP-1R promoted GRK2 association to this receptor and that GRK2 protein and kinase activity were required for subsequent β-arrestin recruitment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data suggest that GRK2 is an important negative modulator of GLP-1R-mediated insulin secretion and that GRK2-interfering strategies may favor β-cell insulin secretion specifically during the early phase, an effect that may carry interesting therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba C Arcones
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) UAM-CSIC; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Vila-Bedmar
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Mirasierra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (Ciberdem), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cruces-Sande
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) UAM-CSIC; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (Ciberdem), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) UAM-CSIC; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Murga
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) UAM-CSIC; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oliveira de Souza C, Sun X, Oh D. Metabolic Functions of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and β-Arrestin-Mediated Signaling Pathways in the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:715877. [PMID: 34497585 PMCID: PMC8419444 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.715877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), often termed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are the most common target of therapeutic drugs used today. Many studies suggest that distinct members of the GPCR superfamily represent potential targets for the treatment of various metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). GPCRs typically activate different classes of heterotrimeric G proteins, which can be subgrouped into four major functional types: Gαs, Gαi, Gαq/11, and G12/13, in response to agonist binding. Accumulating evidence suggests that GPCRs can also initiate β-arrestin-dependent, G protein-independent signaling. Thus, the physiological outcome of activating a certain GPCR in a particular tissue may also be modulated by β-arrestin-dependent, but G protein-independent signaling pathways. In this review, we will focus on the role of G protein- and β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways in the development of obesity and T2D-related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
13
|
Buitinga M, Cohrs CM, Eter WA, Claessens-Joosten L, Frielink C, Bos D, Sandker G, Brom M, Speier S, Gotthardt M. Noninvasive Monitoring of Glycemia-Induced Regulation of GLP-1R Expression in Murine and Human Islets of Langerhans. Diabetes 2020; 69:2246-2252. [PMID: 32843570 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) imaging with radiolabeled exendin has proven to be a powerful tool to quantify β-cell mass (BCM) in vivo. As GLP-1R expression is thought to be influenced by glycemic control, we examined the effect of blood glucose (BG) levels on GLP-1R-mediated exendin uptake in both murine and human islets and its implications for BCM quantification. Periods of hyperglycemia significantly reduced exendin uptake in murine and human islets, which was paralleled by a reduction in GLP-1R expression. Detailed mapping of the tracer uptake and insulin and GLP-1R expression conclusively demonstrated that the observed reduction in tracer uptake directly correlates to GLP-1R expression levels. Importantly, the linear correlation between tracer uptake and β-cell area was maintained in spite of the reduced GLP-1R expression levels. Subsequent normalization of BG levels restored absolute tracer uptake and GLP-1R expression in β-cells and the observed loss in islet volume was halted. This manuscript emphasizes the potency of nuclear imaging techniques to monitor receptor regulation noninvasively. Our findings have significant implications for clinical practice, indicating that BG levels should be near-normalized for at least 3 weeks prior to GLP-1R agonist treatment or quantitative radiolabeled exendin imaging for BCM analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mijke Buitinga
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian M Cohrs
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wael A Eter
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cathelijne Frielink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Desirée Bos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Sandker
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Brom
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Speier
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Regulation of organic anion transporters: Role in physiology, pathophysiology, and drug elimination. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 217:107647. [PMID: 32758646 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The members of the organic anion transporter (OAT) family are mainly expressed in kidney, liver, placenta, intestine, and brain. These transporters play important roles in the disposition of clinical drugs, pesticides, signaling molecules, heavy metal conjugates, components of phytomedicines, and toxins, and therefore critical for maintaining systemic homeostasis. Alterations in the expression and function of OATs contribute to the intra- and inter-individual variability of the therapeutic efficacy and the toxicity of many drugs, and to many pathophysiological conditions. Consequently, the activity of these transporters must be highly regulated to carry out their normal functions. This review will present an update on the recent advance in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of renal OATs, emphasizing on the post-translational modification (PTM), the crosstalk among these PTMs, and the remote sensing and signaling network of OATs. Such knowledge will provide significant insights into the roles of these transporters in health and disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gray SM, Xin Y, Ross EC, Chazotte BM, Capozzi ME, El K, Svendsen B, Ravn P, Sloop KW, Tong J, Gromada J, Campbell JE, D'Alessio DA. Discordance between GLP-1R gene and protein expression in mouse pancreatic islet cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11529-11541. [PMID: 32554468 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulinotropic actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) in β-cells have made it a useful target to manage type 2 diabetes. Metabolic stress reduces β-cell sensitivity to GLP-1, yet the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that Glp1r expression is heterogeneous among β-cells and that metabolic stress decreases the number of GLP-1R-positive β-cells. Here, analyses of publicly available single-cell RNA-Seq sequencing (scRNASeq) data from mouse and human β-cells indicated that significant populations of β-cells do not express the Glp1r gene, supporting heterogeneous GLP-1R expression. To check these results, we used complementary approaches employing FACS coupled with quantitative RT-PCR, a validated GLP-1R antibody, and flow cytometry to quantify GLP-1R promoter activity, gene expression, and protein expression in mouse α-, β-, and δ-cells. Experiments with Glp1r reporter mice and a validated GLP-1R antibody indicated that >90% of the β-cells are GLP-1R positive, contradicting the findings with the scRNASeq data. α-cells did not express Glp1r mRNA and δ-cells expressed Glp1r mRNA but not protein. We also examined the expression patterns of GLP-1R in mouse models of metabolic stress. Multiparous female mice had significantly decreased β-cell Glp1r expression, but no reduction in GLP-1R protein levels or GLP-1R-mediated insulin secretion. These findings suggest caution in interpreting the results of scRNASeq for low-abundance transcripts such as the incretin receptors and indicate that GLP-1R is widely expressed in β-cells, absent in α-cells, and expressed at the mRNA, but not protein, level in δ-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Gray
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yurong Xin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Ross
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bryanna M Chazotte
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Megan E Capozzi
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kimberley El
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Berit Svendsen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter Ravn
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle W Sloop
- Diabetes and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jenny Tong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Jonathan E Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David A D'Alessio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA david.d'.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Q, Henry TAN, Pronin AN, Jang GF, Lubaczeuski C, Crabb JW, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Slepak VZ. The regulatory G protein signaling complex, Gβ5-R7, promotes glucose- and extracellular signal-stimulated insulin secretion. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7213-7223. [PMID: 32229584 PMCID: PMC7247291 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important modulators of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, essential for maintaining energy homeostasis. Here we investigated the role of Gβ5-R7, a protein complex consisting of the atypical G protein β subunit Gβ5 and a regulator of G protein signaling of the R7 family. Using the mouse insulinoma MIN6 cell line and pancreatic islets, we investigated the effects of G protein subunit β 5 (Gnb5) knockout on insulin secretion. Consistent with previous work, Gnb5 knockout diminished insulin secretion evoked by the muscarinic cholinergic agonist Oxo-M. We found that the Gnb5 knockout also attenuated the activity of other GPCR agonists, including ADP, arginine vasopressin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and forskolin, and, surprisingly, the response to high glucose. Experiments with MIN6 cells cultured at different densities provided evidence that Gnb5 knockout eliminated the stimulatory effect of cell adhesion on Oxo-M-stimulated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; this effect likely involved the adhesion GPCR GPR56. Gnb5 knockout did not influence cortical actin depolymerization but affected protein kinase C activity and the 14-3-3ϵ substrate. Importantly, Gnb5-/- islets or MIN6 cells had normal total insulin content and released normal insulin amounts in response to K+-evoked membrane depolarization. These results indicate that Gβ5-R7 plays a role in the insulin secretory pathway downstream of signaling via all GPCRs and glucose. We propose that the Gβ5-R7 complex regulates a phosphorylation event participating in the vesicular trafficking pathway downstream of G protein signaling and actin depolymerization but upstream of insulin granule release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Taylor A N Henry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Alexey N Pronin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Geeng-Fu Jang
- Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Camila Lubaczeuski
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - John W Crabb
- Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Vladlen Z Slepak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang C, Yao J, Ju L, Wen X, Shu L. Puerarin ameliorates hyperglycemia in HFD diabetic mice by promoting β-cell neogenesis via GLP-1R signaling activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 70:153222. [PMID: 32361558 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is characterized by β-cell loss and dysfunction. A strategy for diabetes treatment is to promote new β-cell formation. Puerarin is an isoflavone from the root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Our previous study demonstrated puerarin could ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. However, related mechanisms and potential roles of puerarin in β-cell neogenesis have not been elucidated. PURPOSE The present study aims to investigate whether anti-diabetic effect of puerarin is dependent on promoting β-cell neogenesis via GLP-1R signaling activation. METHODS A high-fat diet (HFD) induced diabetic mouse model was applied to investigate effects of puerarin in vivo, exendin-4 (GLP-1R agonist) and metformin were used as positive controls. Moreover, related mechanisms and GLP-1R downstream signal transduction were explored in isolated cultured mouse pancreatic ductal cells. RESULTS Puerarin improved glucose homeostasis in HFD diabetic mice significantly. Markers of new β-cell formation (insulin, PDX1 and Ngn3) were observed in pancreatic ducts of HFD mice treated by puerarin. Of note, efficacy of puerarin in vivo was suppressed by GLP-1R antagonist exendin9-39, but enhanced by exendin-4 respectively. In cultured mouse pancreatic ductal cells, puerarin induced expressions of insulin and PDX1, upregulated GLP-1R expression and activated β-catenin and STAT3 subsequently. Expressions of insulin and PDX1 in ductal cells could be blocked by exendin9-39, or β-catenin inhibitor ICG001, or JAK2 inhibitor AG490. CONCLUSION These data clarified puerarin ameliorated hyperglycemia of HFD mice via a novel mechanism involved promoting β-cell neogenesis. Our finding highlights the potential value of puerarin developing as an anti-diabetic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Linjie Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohua Wen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Luan Shu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lønsmann I, Bak LK. Potential role of adenylyl cyclase 8 signaling complexes in regulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109635. [PMID: 32283257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells is mediated by Ca2+ influx and amplified by stimulation of GLP-1-receptors through cAMP-based signaling pathways. Interestingly, it has been found that glucose-induced Ca2+ signals can induce concurrent adenylyl cyclase isoform 8 (AC8)-mediated cAMP signals and, conversely, that GLP-1-receptor-mediated cAMP signals are able to induce Ca2+ signals. In this review, we explore the signaling complexes revolving around AC8 in modulating insulin release, from the initial discovery of the importance of this AC isoform to recent investigations of its interacting molecular partners. We suggest that investigating the structural assembly of the proteins associated with AC8 in β cells might reveal how this particular protein complex could be targeted to modify insulin secretion. Specifically, we suggest that disrupting the protein-protein interaction between A-kinase anchoring protein 79 (AKAP79) and AC8 could lead to disinhibition of AC8 activity and increased insulin secretion. Potentially, AC8 protein interactions could become a future target in type 2 diabetic patients with dysfunction of insulin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Lønsmann
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Lasse K Bak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Exploring G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling in Primary Pancreatic Islets. Biol Proced Online 2020; 22:4. [PMID: 32082084 PMCID: PMC7023723 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-019-0116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in pancreatic cells is feasible to modulate glucose-induced insulin secretion. Because pancreatic islets consist of several cell types and GPCRs can couple to more than one G-protein family, results obtained in pancreatic cell lines do not always match the response in primary cells or intact islets. Therefore, we set out to establish a protocol to analyze second messenger activation in mouse pancreatic islets. Results Activation of Gq/11-coupled receptor expressed in primary β cells increased the second messenger IP1 in an accumulation assay. Applying a Gq/11 protein inhibitor completely abolished this signal. Activation of the V1 vasopressin and ghrelin receptors, predominantly expressed in the less abundant alpha and delta cells, was not sufficient to induce a significant IP1 increase in this assay. However, fura-2-based fluorescence imaging showed calcium signals upon application of arginine vasopressin or ghrelin within intact pancreatic islets. Using the here established protocol we were also able to determine changes in intracellular cAMP levels induced by receptors coupling to Gs and Gi/o proteins. Conclusions Detection of the second messengers IP1, cAMP, and calcium, can be used to reliably analyze GPCR activation in intact islets.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang J, Yu Z, You G. Insulin-like growth factor 1 modulates the phosphorylation, expression, and activity of organic anion transporter 3 through protein kinase A signaling pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:186-194. [PMID: 31993315 PMCID: PMC6977015 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) plays a vital role in removing a broad variety of anionic drugs from kidney, thus avoiding their possible toxicity in the body. In the current study, we investigated the role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the regulation of OAT3. We showed that IGF-1 induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in OAT3 transport activity, which correlated well with an increase in OAT3 expression. The IGF-1-induced increase in OAT3 expression was blocked by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89. Moreover, IGF-1 induced an increase in OAT3 phosphorylation, which was also blocked by H89. These data suggest that the IGF-1 modulation of OAT3 occurred through PKA signaling pathway. To further confirm the involvement of PKA, we treated OAT3-expressing cells with PKA activator Bt2-cAMP, followed by examining OAT activity and phosphorylation. We showed that OAT3 activity and phosphorylation were much enhanced in Bt2-cAMP-treated cells as compared to that in control cells. Finally, linsitinib, an anticancer drug that blocks the IGF-1 receptor, abrogated IGF-1-stimulated OAT3 transport activity. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that IGF-1 regulates OAT3 expression and transport activity through PKA signaling pathway, possibly by phosphorylating the transporter.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhu L, Zhou J, Pan Y, Lv J, Liu Y, Yu S, Zhang Y. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor expression and its functions are regulated by androgen. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
22
|
Salehi M, Gastaldelli A, D'Alessio DA. Beta-cell sensitivity to insulinotropic gut hormones is reduced after gastric bypass surgery. Gut 2019; 68:1838-1845. [PMID: 30772836 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postprandial hyperinsulinaemia after Roux-en Y gastric bypass (GB) has been attributed to rapid nutrient flux from the gut, and an enhanced incretin effect. However, it is unclear whether surgery changes islet cell responsiveness to regulatory factors. This study tested the hypothesis that β-cell sensitivity to glucagon like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is attenuated after GB. DESIGN Ten non-diabetic subjects with GB, and 9 body mass index (BMI)-matched and age-matched non-surgical controls (CN) with normal glucose tolerance had blood glucose clamped at ~7.8 mM on three separate days. Stepwise incremental infusions of GLP-1 (15, 30, 60, 120 and 300 ng/LBkg/h), GIP (75, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 ng/LBkg/h) or saline were administered from 90 to 240 min and insulin secretion measured. RESULTS GB subjects had similar fasting glucose levels but lower fasting insulin compared with CN, likely due to increased insulin clearance. The average insulin secretion rates (ISRs) to 7.8 mM glucose were ~30% lower in GB relative to CN subjects. However, incretin-stimulated ISRs, adjusted for insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, were even more attenuated in the GB subjects, by threefold to fourfold (AUCISR(90-240 min) during GLP-1 and GIP: 47±8 and 44±12 nmol in GB and 116±16 and 161±44 in CN; p<0.01). CONCLUSION After GB, the sensitivity of insulin secretion to both glucose and incretins is diminished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Salehi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Bartter Research Unit, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie Murphy Hospital, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - David A D'Alessio
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Joosten L, Brom M, Peeters H, Bos D, Himpe E, Bouwens L, Boerman O, Gotthardt M. Measuring the Pancreatic β Cell Mass in Vivo with Exendin SPECT during Hyperglycemia and Severe Insulitis. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4024-4030. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Joosten
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Brom
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Peeters
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Desirée Bos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddy Himpe
- Department of Cell Differentiation (DIFF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bouwens
- Department of Cell Differentiation (DIFF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Otto Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Park SH, Yoon JH, Seo DY, Kim TN, Ko JR, Han J. Resistance Exercise Training Attenuates the Loss of Endogenous GLP-1 Receptor in the Hypothalamus of Type 2 Diabetic Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050830. [PMID: 30866463 PMCID: PMC6427815 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise training on hypothalamic GLP-1R levels and its related signaling mechanisms in T2DM. The animals were separated into three groups: a non-diabetic control (CON), diabetic control (DM), and diabetic with resistance exercise (DM + EXE) group. The resistance exercise training group performed ladder climbing (eight repetitions, three days per week for 12 weeks). Body weight was slightly lower in the DM + EXE group than the DM group, but difference between the groups was not significant. Food intake and glucose were significantly lower in the DM + EXE group than in the DM group. The blood insulin concentration was significantly higher and glucagon was significantly lower in the DM + EXE group. The DM + EXE group in the hypothalamus showed significant increases in GLP-1R mRNA, protein kinase A (PKA), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and protein kinase B (AKT) and significant decrease in protein kinase C-iota (PKC-iota). Antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis factors were significantly improved in the DM + EXE group compared with the DM group in the hypothalamus. The results suggest that resistance exercise contributes to improvements the overall health of the brain in diabetic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Hwan Park
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Korea.
| | - Jin Hwan Yoon
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Korea.
| | - Dae Yun Seo
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Tae Nyun Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Jeong Rim Ko
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hernandez NS, O'Donovan B, Ortinski PI, Schmidt HD. Activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors in the nucleus accumbens attenuates cocaine seeking in rats. Addict Biol 2019; 24:170-181. [PMID: 29226617 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors reduces cocaine-mediated behaviors and cocaine-evoked dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, no studies have examined the role of NAc GLP-1 receptors in the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior, an animal model of relapse. Here, we show that systemic infusion of a behaviorally relevant dose of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 penetrated the brain and localized with neurons and astrocytes in the NAc. Administration of exendin-4 directly into the NAc core and shell subregions significantly attenuated cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. These effects were not due to deficits in operant responding or suppression of locomotor activity as intra-accumbal exendin-4 administration had no effect on sucrose-seeking behavior. To determine the effects of GLP-1 receptor activation on neuronal excitability, exendin-4 was bath applied to ex vivo NAc slices from cocaine-experienced and saline-experienced rats following extinction of cocaine-taking behavior. Exendin-4 increased the frequency of action potential firing of NAc core and shell medium spiny neurons in cocaine-experienced rats while no effect was observed in saline controls. In contrast, exendin-4 did not affect the frequency or amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents or alter the paired-pulse ratios of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents. These effects were not associated with altered expression of GLP-1 receptors in the NAc following cocaine self-administration. Taken together, these findings indicate that increased activation of GLP-1 receptors in the NAc during cocaine abstinence increases intrinsic, but not synaptic, excitability of medium spiny neurons and is sufficient to reduce cocaine-seeking behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Hernandez
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Bernadette O'Donovan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience; University of South Carolina School of Medicine; Columbia SC USA
| | - Pavel I. Ortinski
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience; University of South Carolina School of Medicine; Columbia SC USA
| | - Heath D. Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang H, Zhang J, You G. Activation of Protein Kinase A Stimulates SUMOylation, Expression, and Transport Activity of Organic Anion Transporter 3. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:30. [PMID: 30761470 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) plays a vital role in removing a broad variety of anionic drugs from kidney, thus avoiding their possible toxicity in the body. We earlier established that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) enhances OAT3 ubiquitination, which promotes OAT3 internalization from the cell plasma membrane to intracellular endosomes and consequent degradation. As a result, OAT3 expression and transport activity are reduced. In the current study, we discovered that protein kinase A (PKA) had an opposite effect to PKC on the regulation of OAT3. We showed that activation of PKA by Bt2-cAMP stimulated OAT3 transport activity, which was largely caused by an enhanced plasma membrane expression of the transporter, kinetically reflected as an augmented maximal transport velocity Vmax without notable alteration in substrate-binding affinity Km. Additionally, we showed that PKA activation accelerated the rate of OAT3 recycling from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane and decelerated the rate of OAT3 degradation. We further showed that OAT3 is subjected to post-translational modification by SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 not by SUMO-1. PKA activation enhanced OAT3 SUMOylation, which was accompanied by a reduced OAT3 ubiquitination. Finally, insulin-like growth factor 1 significantly stimulated OAT3 transport activity and SUMOylation through PKA signaling pathway. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration that PKA stimulated OAT3 expression and transport activity by altering the trafficking kinetics of OAT3 possibly through the crosstalk between SUMOylation and ubiquitination. Our studies are consistent with a remote sensing and signaling model for transporters (Wu et al. in Mol Pharmacol. 79(5):795-805, 2011).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Guofeng You
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Firlar E, Ouy M, Covnot L, Xing Y, Lee D, Chan A, He Y, Song B, Afelik S, Wang Y, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Oberholzer J, Shokuhfar T. In situ graphene liquid cell-transmission electron microscopy study of insulin secretion in pancreatic islet cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:371-382. [PMID: 30662261 PMCID: PMC6327893 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s169506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Islet cell transplantation is one of the key treatments for type 1 diabetes. Understanding the mechanisms of insulin fusion and exocytosis are of utmost importance for the improvement of the current islet cell transplantation and treatment of diabetes. These phenomena have not been fully evaluated due either to the lack of proper dynamic imaging, or the lack of proper cell preservation during imaging at nanoscales. METHODS By maintaining the native environment of pancreatic β-cells between two graphene monolayer sheets, we were able to monitor the subcellular events using in situ graphene liquid cell (GLC)-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with both high temporal and high spatial resolution. RESULTS For the first time, the nucleation and growth of insulin particles until the later stages of fusion were imaged at nanometer scales. The release of insulin from plasma membrane involves the degradation of plasma membrane and drastic reductions in the shorter axis of the insulin particles. Sequential exocytosis results indicated the nucleation, growth and attachment of the new insulin particles to the already anchored ones, which is thermodynamically favorable due to the reduction in total surface, further reducing the Gibbs free energy. The retraction of the already anchored insulin toward the cell is also monitored for the first time live at nanoscale resolution. CONCLUSION Investigation of insulin granule dynamics in β-cells can be investigated via GLC-TEM. Our findings with this technology open new realms for the development of novel drugs on pathological pancreatic β-cells, because this approach facilitates observing the effects of the stimuli on the live cells and insulin granules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Firlar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA,
| | - Meagan Ouy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
| | - Leigha Covnot
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
| | - Yuan Xing
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alessandro Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yi He
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Boao Song
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA,
| | - Solomon Afelik
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA,
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Arasi FP, Shahrestanaki MK, Aghaei M. A2a adenosine receptor agonist improves endoplasmic reticulum stress in MIN6 cell line through protein kinase A/ protein kinase B/ Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein/ and Growth Arrest And DNA-Damage-Inducible 34/ eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α pathways. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10500-10511. [PMID: 30417358 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the main molecular events underlying pancreatic beta cell (PBC) failure, apoptosis, and a decrease in insulin secretion. Recent studies have highlighted the fundamental role of A2a adenosine receptor (A2aR) in potentiation of insulin secretion and proliferation of PBCs. However, possible protective effects of A2aR signaling against ER stress have not been elucidated yet. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of A2aR activation in MIN6 beta cells undergoing tunicamycin (TM)-mediated ER stress. A2aR expression and activity were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and measurement of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), phospho-protein kinase B or Akt (p-Akt)/Akt, and phospho-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein/CREB levels in response to a specific agonist (CGS 21680). Survival and proliferation in TM and CGS 21680 cotreated cells were evaluated using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide staining, colony formation, and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (Brdu) assays. In addition, the effects of A2aR stimulation on insulin secretion were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), phospho-eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α (p-eIF2α)/eIF2α, growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 34 (GADD34), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1), spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1s), immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein (BIP), and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) levels were evaluated using western blotting. Our results showed a decrease in A2aR expression and p-Akt/Akt and p-CREB/CREB levels in TM-pretreated cells. We also mentioned that CGS 21680 effectively increased cell survival, proliferation, and insulin secretion in TM-treated cells. The antiapoptotic effects were possibly mediated through Bcl-2 upregulation. Our western blotting results indicated that A2aR effectively downregulated p-eIF2α/eIF2α, XBP-1, XBP-1s, BIP, and CHOP levels, whereas GADD34 was upregulated. Altogether, the present study revealed that A2aR signaling through PKA/Akt/CREB mediators alleviated TM cytotoxicity effects in MIN6 beta cells. Thus, the stimulation of this receptor was seen as a new approach to control ER stress in the PBC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh P Arasi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad K Shahrestanaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hernandez NS, Ige KY, Mietlicki-Baase EG, Molina-Castro GC, Turner CA, Hayes MR, Schmidt HD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation in the ventral tegmental area attenuates cocaine seeking in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2000-2008. [PMID: 29497166 PMCID: PMC6098066 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel molecular targets are needed to develop new medications for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Here we investigated a role for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors in the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior, an animal model of relapse. We showed that peripheral administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 dose dependently reduced cocaine seeking in rats at doses that did not affect ad libitum food intake, meal patterns or body weight. We also demonstrated that systemic exendin-4 penetrated the brain where it putatively bound receptors on both neurons and astrocytes in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The effects of systemic exendin-4 on cocaine reinstatement were attenuated in rats pretreated with intra-VTA infusions of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin-(9-39), indicating that the suppressive effects of systemic exendin-4 on cocaine seeking were due, in part, to activation of GLP-1 receptors in the VTA. Consistent with these effects, infusions of exendin-4 directly into the VTA reduced cocaine seeking. Finally, extinction following cocaine self-administration was associated with decreased preproglucagon mRNA expression in the caudal brainstem. Thus, our study demonstrated a novel role for GLP-1 receptors in the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior and identified behaviorally relevant doses of a GLP-1 receptor agonist that selectively reduced cocaine seeking and did not produce adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Hernandez
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Kelsey Y. Ige
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Mietlicki-Baase
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Gian Carlo Molina-Castro
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Christopher A. Turner
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Matthew R. Hayes
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Heath D. Schmidt
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
He X, Lai Q, Chen C, Li N, Sun F, Huang W, Zhang S, Yu Q, Yang P, Xiong F, Chen Z, Gong Q, Ren B, Weng J, Eizirik DL, Zhou Z, Wang CY. Both conditional ablation and overexpression of E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme (UBC9) in mouse pancreatic beta cells result in impaired beta cell function. Diabetologia 2018; 61:881-895. [PMID: 29299635 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Post-translational attachment of a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to the lysine (K) residue(s) of target proteins (SUMOylation) is an evolutionary conserved regulatory mechanism. This modification has previously been demonstrated to be implicated in the control of a remarkably versatile regulatory mechanism of cellular processes. However, the exact regulatory role and biological actions of the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme (UBC9)-mediated SUMOylation function in pancreatic beta cells has remained elusive. METHODS Inducible beta cell-specific Ubc9 (also known as Ube2i) knockout (KO; Ubc9Δbeta) and transgenic (Ubc9Tg) mice were employed to address the impact of SUMOylation on beta cell viability and functionality. Ubc9 deficiency or overexpression was induced at 8 weeks of age using tamoxifen. To study the mechanism involved, we closely examined the regulation of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) through SUMOylation in beta cells. RESULTS Upon induction of Ubc9 deficiency, Ubc9Δbeta islets exhibited a 3.5-fold higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than Ubc9f/f control islets. Islets from Ubc9Δbeta mice also had decreased insulin content and loss of beta cell mass after tamoxifen treatment. Specifically, at day 45 after Ubc9 deletion only 40% of beta cell mass remained in Ubc9Δbeta mice, while 90% of beta cell mass was lost by day 75. Diabetes onset was noted in some Ubc9Δbeta mice 8 weeks after induction of Ubc9 deficiency and all mice developed diabetes by 10 weeks following tamoxifen treatment. In contrast, Ubc9Tg beta cells displayed an increased antioxidant ability but impaired insulin secretion. Unlike Ubc9Δbeta mice, which spontaneously developed diabetes, Ubc9Tg mice preserved normal non-fasting blood glucose levels without developing diabetes. It was noted that SUMOylation of NRF2 promoted its nuclear expression along with enhanced transcriptional activity, thereby preventing ROS accumulation in beta cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION SUMOylation function is required to protect against oxidative stress in beta cells; this mechanism is, at least in part, carried out by the regulation of NRF2 activity to enhance ROS detoxification. Homeostatic SUMOylation is also likely to be essential for maintaining beta cell functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu He
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaohong Lai
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Chen
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Sun
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Huang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Yu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishui Chen
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Gong
- Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxu Ren
- Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Décio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Diabetes Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jones B, Bloom SR, Buenaventura T, Tomas A, Rutter GA. Control of insulin secretion by GLP-1. Peptides 2018; 100:75-84. [PMID: 29412835 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of insulin secretion by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and other gut-derived peptides is central to the incretin response to ingesting nutriments. Analogues of GLP-1, and inhibitors of its breakdown, have found widespread clinical use for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. The release of these peptides underlies the improvements in glycaemic control and disease remission after bariatric surgery. Given therapeutically, GLP-1 analogues can lead to side effects including nausea, which limit dosage. Greater understanding of the interactions between the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and both the endogenous and artificial ligands therefore holds promise to provide more efficacious compounds. Here, we discuss recent findings concerning the signalling and trafficking of the GLP-1R in pancreatic beta cells. Leveraging "bias" at the receptor towards cAMP generation versus the recruitment of β-arrestins and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) activation may allow the development of new analogues with significantly improved clinical efficacy. We describe how, unexpectedly, relatively low-affinity agonists, which prompt less receptor internalisation than the parent compound, provoke greater insulin secretion and consequent improvements in glycaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jones
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Teresa Buenaventura
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics & Imperial Consortium for Islet Biology and Diabetes, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics & Imperial Consortium for Islet Biology and Diabetes, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics & Imperial Consortium for Islet Biology and Diabetes, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jo S, Chen J, Xu G, Grayson TB, Thielen LA, Shalev A. miR-204 Controls Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Expression and Agonist Function. Diabetes 2018; 67:256-264. [PMID: 29101219 PMCID: PMC5780066 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists are widely used to treat diabetes. However, their function is dependent on adequate GLP1R expression, which is downregulated in diabetes. GLP1R is highly expressed on pancreatic β-cells, and activation by endogenous incretin or GLP1R agonists increases cAMP generation, which stimulates glucose-induced β-cell insulin secretion and helps maintain glucose homeostasis. We now have discovered that the highly β-cell-enriched microRNA, miR-204, directly targets the 3' UTR of GLP1R and thereby downregulates its expression in the β-cell-derived rat INS-1 cell line and primary mouse and human islets. Furthermore, in vivo deletion of miR-204 promoted islet GLP1R expression and enhanced responsiveness to GLP1R agonists, resulting in improved glucose tolerance, cAMP production, and insulin secretion as well as protection against diabetes. Since we recently identified thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as an upstream regulator of miR-204, we also assessed whether in vivo deletion of TXNIP could mimic that of miR-204. Indeed, it also enhanced islet GLP1R expression and GLP1R agonist-induced insulin secretion and glucose tolerance. Thus, the present studies show for the first time that GLP1R is under the control of a microRNA, miR-204, and uncover a previously unappreciated link between TXNIP and incretin action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SeongHo Jo
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Junqin Chen
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Guanlan Xu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Truman B Grayson
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Lance A Thielen
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Anath Shalev
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Enhanced AMPA Receptor Trafficking Mediates the Anorexigenic Effect of Endogenous Glucagon-like Peptide-1 in the Paraventricular Hypothalamus. Neuron 2017; 96:897-909.e5. [PMID: 29056294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)-expressing neurons in the hindbrain send robust projections to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), which is involved in the regulation of food intake. Here, we describe that stimulation of GLP-1 afferent fibers within the PVN is sufficient to suppress food intake independent of glutamate release. We also show that GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation augments excitatory synaptic strength in PVN corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons, with GLP-1R activation promoting a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent signaling cascade leading to phosphorylation of serine S845 on GluA1 AMPA receptors and their trafficking to the plasma membrane. Finally, we show that postnatal depletion of GLP-1R in the PVN increases food intake and causes obesity. This study provides a comprehensive multi-level (circuit, synaptic, and molecular) explanation of how food intake behavior and body weight are regulated by endogenous central GLP-1. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Collapse
|
34
|
Boland BB, Rhodes CJ, Grimsby JS. The dynamic plasticity of insulin production in β-cells. Mol Metab 2017; 6:958-973. [PMID: 28951821 PMCID: PMC5605729 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are quite capable of adapting to both acute and chronic changes in metabolic demand, persistently high demand for insulin will ultimately lead to their progressive dysfunction and eventual loss. Recent and historical studies highlight the importance of 'resting' the β-cell as a means of preserving functional β-cell mass. SCOPE OF REVIEW We provide experimental evidence to highlight the remarkable plasticity for insulin production and secretion by the pancreatic β-cell alongside some clinical evidence that supports leveraging this unique ability to preserve β-cell function. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) targeted towards reducing the systemic metabolic burden, rather than demanding greater insulin production from an already beleaguered β-cell, should be emphasized to maintain endogenous insulin secretory function and delay the progression of T2DM.
Collapse
Key Words
- ATF6, Activating Transcription Factor 6
- CHOP, CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Homologous Protein
- EPAC, Exchange Factor Directly Activated by cAMP
- EROβ1, ER-resident oxidoreductase β1
- GIP, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
- GLP-1, Glucagon-like Peptide 1
- GLUT2, Glucose Transporter 2
- GSIS, Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion
- IREα, Inositol Requiring Enzyme α
- Insulin production
- NEFA, Non-esterified Fatty Acid
- PERK, Protein Kinase RNA-like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase
- PKA, Protein Kinase A
- PKC, Protein Kinase C
- PLC, Phospholipase C
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SNAP-25, Soluble NSF Attachment Protein 25
- SNARE, Soluble NSF Attachment Protein Receptor
- STZ, Streptozotocin
- T2DM
- T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- TRP, Transient Receptor Potential
- VAMP-2, Vehicle Associated Membrane Protein 2
- VDCC, Voltage Dependent Calcium Channel
- mTORC1, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin 1
- nH, Hill coefficient
- β-cell rest
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon B. Boland
- MedImmune, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Doliba NM, Liu Q, Li C, Chen P, Liu C, Naji A, Matschinsky FM. Inhibition of cholinergic potentiation of insulin secretion from pancreatic islets by chronic elevation of glucose and fatty acids: Protection by casein kinase 2 inhibitor. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1240-1253. [PMID: 29031723 PMCID: PMC5641685 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Chronic hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are characteristic features of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) that are thought to cause or contribute to β-cell dysfunction by “glucolipotoxicity.” Previously we have shown that acute treatment of pancreatic islets with fatty acids (FA) decreases acetylcholine-potentiated insulin secretion. This acetylcholine response is mediated by M3 muscarinic receptors, which play a key role in regulating β-cell function. Here we examine whether chronic FA exposure also inhibits acetylcholine-potentiated insulin secretion using mouse and human islets. Methods Islets were cultured for 3 or 4 days at different glucose concentration with 0.5 mM palmitic acid (PA) or a 2:1 mixture of PA and oleic acid (OA) at 1% albumin (PA/BSA molar ratio 3.3). Afterwards, the response to glucose and acetylcholine were studied in perifusion experiments. Results FA-induced impairment of insulin secretion and Ca2+ signaling depended strongly on the glucose concentrations of the culture medium. PA and OA in combination reduced acetylcholine potentiation of insulin secretion more than PA alone, both in mouse and human islets, with no evidence of a protective role of OA. In contrast, lipotoxicity was not observed with islets cultured for 3 days in medium containing less than 1 mM glucose and a mixture of glutamine and leucine (7 mM each). High glucose and FAs reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ storage capacity; however, preserving ER Ca2+ by blocking the IP3 receptor with xestospongin C did not protect islets from glucolipotoxic effects on insulin secretion. In contrast, an inhibitor of casein kinase 2 (CK2) protected the glucose dependent acetylcholine potentiation of insulin secretion in mouse and human islets against glucolipotoxicity. Conclusions These results show that chronic FA treatment decreases acetylcholine potentiation of insulin secretion and that this effect is strictly glucose dependent and might involve CK2 phosphorylation of β-cell M3 muscarinic receptors. Glucolipotoxicity impairs acetylcholine-potentiation of insulin secretion. Glucose amplification of insulin secretion rather than triggering is damaged by FA. Inhibitor of casein kinase 2 preserved islet function against glucolipotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai M Doliba
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Changhong Li
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Franz M Matschinsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Okiro JO, Mc Hugh C, Abdalla A. Is it safe to acutely discontinue insulin therapy in patients with chronic hyperglycaemia starting GLP-1R agonists? BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-220437. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-220437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
37
|
Graaf CD, Donnelly D, Wootten D, Lau J, Sexton PM, Miller LJ, Ahn JM, Liao J, Fletcher MM, Yang D, Brown AJH, Zhou C, Deng J, Wang MW. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Its Class B G Protein-Coupled Receptors: A Long March to Therapeutic Successes. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 68:954-1013. [PMID: 27630114 PMCID: PMC5050443 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.011395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that mediates the action of GLP-1, a peptide hormone secreted from three major tissues in humans, enteroendocrine L cells in the distal intestine, α cells in the pancreas, and the central nervous system, which exerts important actions useful in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, including glucose homeostasis and regulation of gastric motility and food intake. Peptidic analogs of GLP-1 have been successfully developed with enhanced bioavailability and pharmacological activity. Physiologic and biochemical studies with truncated, chimeric, and mutated peptides and GLP-1R variants, together with ligand-bound crystal structures of the extracellular domain and the first three-dimensional structures of the 7-helical transmembrane domain of class B GPCRs, have provided the basis for a two-domain-binding mechanism of GLP-1 with its cognate receptor. Although efforts in discovering therapeutically viable nonpeptidic GLP-1R agonists have been hampered, small-molecule modulators offer complementary chemical tools to peptide analogs to investigate ligand-directed biased cellular signaling of GLP-1R. The integrated pharmacological and structural information of different GLP-1 analogs and homologous receptors give new insights into the molecular determinants of GLP-1R ligand selectivity and functional activity, thereby providing novel opportunities in the design and development of more efficacious agents to treat metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris de Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Dan Donnelly
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Denise Wootten
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Jesper Lau
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Laurence J Miller
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Jung-Mo Ahn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Jiayu Liao
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Madeleine M Fletcher
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Dehua Yang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Alastair J H Brown
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Caihong Zhou
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Jiejie Deng
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.d.G.); School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.D.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.W., P.M.S., M.M.F.); Protein and Peptide Chemistry, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.La.); Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.J.M.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas (J.-M.A.); Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California (J.Li.); National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (D.Y., C.Z., J.D., M.-W.W.); Heptares Therapeutics, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom (A.J.H.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai, China (M.-W.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Roussel M, Mathieu J, Dalle S. Molecular mechanisms redirecting the GLP-1 receptor signalling profile in pancreatic β-cells during type 2 diabetes. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 26:87-95. [PMID: 26953712 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatments with β-cell preserving properties are essential for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the new therapeutic avenues, developed over the last years, rely on the physiological role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Sustained pharmacological levels of GLP-1 are achieved by subcutaneous administration of GLP-1 analogues, while transient and lower physiological levels of GLP-1 are attained following treatment with inhibitors of dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (DPP4), an endoprotease which degrades the peptide. Both therapeutic classes display a sustained and durable hypoglycaemic action in patients with T2D. However, the GLP-1 incretin effect is known to be reduced in patients with T2D, and GLP-1 analogues and DPP4 inhibitors were shown to lose their effectiveness over time in some patients. The pathological mechanisms behind these observations can be either a decrease in GLP-1 secretion from intestinal L-cells and, as a consequence, a reduction in GLP-1 plasma concentrations, combined or not with a reduced action of GLP-1 in the β-cell, the so-called GLP-1 resistance. Much evidence for a GLP-1 resistance of the β-cell in subjects with T2D have emerged. Here, we review the potential roles of the genetic background, the hyperglycaemia, the hyperlipidaemia, the prostaglandin E receptor 3, the nuclear glucocorticoid receptor, the GLP-1R desensitization and internalisation processes, and the β-arrestin-1 expression levels on GLP-1 resistance in β-cells during T2D.
Collapse
|
39
|
Pujadas G, De Nigris V, La Sala L, Testa R, Genovese S, Ceriello A. The pivotal role of high glucose-induced overexpression of PKCβ in the appearance of glucagon-like peptide-1 resistance in endothelial cells. Endocrine 2016; 54:396-410. [PMID: 26585565 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been demonstrated that Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has a protective effect on endothelial cells. Our hypothesis is that this GLP-1 protective effect is partly lost when the cells are exposed to sustained high glucose concentrations. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured for 21 days in normal glucose (5 mmol/L, NG) or high glucose (25 mmol/L glucose, HG). GLP-1 (7-37) and Ruboxistaurin were added at 50 and 500 nM, respectively, alone or in combination, 1 h before cell harvesting. Analysis of GLP-1 receptor protein levels, as well as of the gene expression of different ER stress-related genes, proliferation markers, antioxidant cell response-related genes, and PKA subunits, was performed. ROS production was also measured in HUVECs exposed to mentioned treatments. GLP-1 receptor expression was reduced in HUVECs exposed to chronic high glucose concentrations but was partially restored by a chemical PKCβ-specific inhibitor. GLP-1, added as an acute treatment in endothelial cells, had the capacity to induce the expression of Nrf2-detoxifying enzyme targets, to increase transcription levels of scavenger genes, to attenuate the expression of high glucose-induced PKA subunits, ER stress and also the apoptotic phenotype of HUVECs; these effects occured only when high glucose-induced PKCβ overexpression was reduced by Ruboxistaurin. In a similar manner, ROS production induced by high glucose was reduced by GLP-1 in the presence of PKCβ inhibitor. This study suggests that an increase in PKCβ, induced by high glucose, could have a role in endothelial GLP-1 resistance, reducing GLP-1 receptor levels and disrupting the GLP-1 canonical pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Pujadas
- Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Hospital Clínic, C/Rosselló, 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valeria De Nigris
- Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Hospital Clínic, C/Rosselló, 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia La Sala
- Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Hospital Clínic, C/Rosselló, 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Testa
- Experimental Models in Clinical Pathology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Genovese
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Gruppo Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, MI, Italy
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Hospital Clínic, C/Rosselló, 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Astrocytes Regulate GLP-1 Receptor-Mediated Effects on Energy Balance. J Neurosci 2016; 36:3531-40. [PMID: 27013681 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3579-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Astrocytes are well established modulators of extracellular glutamate, but their direct influence on energy balance-relevant behaviors is largely understudied. As the anorectic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are partly mediated by central modulation of glutamatergic signaling, we tested the hypothesis that astrocytic GLP-1R signaling regulates energy balance in rats. Central or peripheral administration of a fluorophore-labeled GLP-1R agonist, exendin-4, localizes within astrocytes and neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), a hindbrain nucleus critical for energy balance control. This effect is mediated by GLP-1R, as the uptake of systemically administered fluorophore-tagged exendin-4 was blocked by central pretreatment with the competitive GLP-1R antagonist exendin-(9-39). Ex vivo analyses show prolonged exendin-4-induced activation (live cell calcium signaling) of NTS astrocytes and neurons; these effects are also attenuated by exendin-(9-39), indicating mediation by the GLP-1R. In vitro analyses show that the application of GLP-1R agonists increases cAMP levels in astrocytes. Immunohistochemical analyses reveal that endogenous GLP-1 axons form close synaptic apposition with NTS astrocytes. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of NTS astrocytes attenuates the anorectic and body weight-suppressive effects of intra-NTS GLP-1R activation. Collectively, data demonstrate a role for NTS astrocytic GLP-1R signaling in energy balance control. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists reduce food intake and are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of obesity, but the cellular mechanisms underlying the anorectic effects of GLP-1 require further investigation. Astrocytes represent a major cellular population in the CNS that regulates neurotransmission, yet the role of astrocytes in mediating energy balance is largely unstudied. The current data provide novel evidence that astrocytes within the NTS are relevant for energy balance control by GLP-1 signaling. Here, we report that GLP-1R agonists activate and internalize within NTS astrocytes, while behavioral data suggest the pharmacological relevance of NTS astrocytic GLP-1R activation for food intake and body weight. These findings support a previously unknown role for CNS astrocytes in energy balance control by GLP-1 signaling.
Collapse
|
41
|
Green AD, Vasu S, Moffett RC, Flatt PR. Co-culture of clonal beta cells with GLP-1 and glucagon-secreting cell line impacts on beta cell insulin secretion, proliferation and susceptibility to cytotoxins. Biochimie 2016; 125:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
42
|
Pancreatic Beta Cell G-Protein Coupled Receptors and Second Messenger Interactions: A Systems Biology Computational Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152869. [PMID: 27138453 PMCID: PMC4854486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretory in pancreatic beta-cells responses to nutrient stimuli and hormonal modulators include multiple messengers and signaling pathways with complex interdependencies. Here we present a computational model that incorporates recent data on glucose metabolism, plasma membrane potential, G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCR), cytoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum calcium dynamics, cAMP and phospholipase C pathways that regulate interactions between second messengers in pancreatic beta-cells. The values of key model parameters were inferred from published experimental data. The model gives a reasonable fit to important aspects of experimentally measured metabolic and second messenger concentrations and provides a framework for analyzing the role of metabolic, hormones and neurotransmitters changes on insulin secretion. Our analysis of the dynamic data provides support for the hypothesis that activation of Ca2+-dependent adenylyl cyclases play a critical role in modulating the effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and catecholamines. The regulatory properties of adenylyl cyclase isoforms determine fluctuations in cytoplasmic cAMP concentration and reveal a synergistic action of glucose, GLP-1 and GIP on insulin secretion. On the other hand, the regulatory properties of phospholipase C isoforms determine the interaction of glucose, acetylcholine and free fatty acids (FFA) (that act through the FFA receptors) on insulin secretion. We found that a combination of GPCR agonists activating different messenger pathways can stimulate insulin secretion more effectively than a combination of GPCR agonists for a single pathway. This analysis also suggests that the activators of GLP-1, GIP and FFA receptors may have a relatively low risk of hypoglycemia in fasting conditions whereas an activator of muscarinic receptors can increase this risk. This computational analysis demonstrates that study of second messenger pathway interactions will improve understanding of critical regulatory sites, how different GPCRs interact and pharmacological targets for modulating insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
43
|
The complexity of signalling mediated by the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:582-8. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20150244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a class B GPCR that is a major therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The receptor is activated by the incretin peptide GLP-1 promoting a broad range of physiological effects including glucose-dependent insulin secretion and biosynthesis, improved insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues, preservation of β-cell mass and weight loss, all of which are beneficial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Despite this, existing knowledge surrounding the underlying signalling mechanisms responsible for the physiological actions downstream of GLP-1R activation is limited. Here, we review the current understanding around GLP-1R-mediated signalling, in particular highlighting recent contributions to the field on biased agonism, the spatial and temporal aspects for the control of signalling and how these concepts may influence future drug development.
Collapse
|
44
|
Yang L, Yao D, Yang H, Wei Y, Peng Y, Ding Y, Shu L. Puerarin Protects Pancreatic β-Cells in Obese Diabetic Mice via Activation of GLP-1R Signaling. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:361-71. [PMID: 26789107 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by a loss and dysfunction of the β-cell. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling plays an important role in β-cell survival and function. It is meaningful to identify promising agents from natural products which might activate GLP-1R signaling. In this study, puerarin, a diet isoflavone, was evaluated its beneficial effects on β-cell survival and GLP-1R pathway. We showed that puerarin reduced the body weight gain, normalized blood glucose, and improved glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-induced and db/db diabetic mice. Most importantly, increased β-cell mass and β-cell proliferation but decreased β-cell apoptosis were observed in puerarin-treated diabetic mice as examined by immunostaining of mice pancreatic sections. The protective effect of puerarin on β-cell survival was confirmed in isolated mouse islets treated with high glucose. Further mechanism studies showed that the circulating level of GLP-1 in mice was unaffected by puerarin. However, puerarin enhanced GLP-1R signaling by up-regulating expressions of GLP-1R and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, which subsequently led to protein kinase B (Akt) activation but forkhead box O1 inactivation, and promoted β-cell survival. The protective effect of puerarin was remarkably suppressed by Exendin(9-39), an antagonist of GLP-1R. Our study demonstrated puerarin improved glucose homeostasis in obese diabetic mice and identified a novel role of puerarin in protecting β-cell survival by mechanisms involving activation of GLP-1R signaling and downstream targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (H.Y.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (H.Y.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Haiyuan Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (H.Y.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (H.Y.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yunru Peng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (H.Y.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yongfang Ding
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (H.Y.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Luan Shu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (H.Y.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fridlyand LE, Tamarina NA, Schally AV, Philipson LH. Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:129. [PMID: 27777568 PMCID: PMC5056186 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates growth hormone synthesis and release in the anterior pituitary gland. In addition, GHRH is an important regulator of cellular functions in many cells and organs. Expression of GHRH G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GHRHR) has been demonstrated in different peripheral tissues and cell types, including pancreatic islets. Among the peripheral activities, recent studies demonstrate a novel ability of GHRH analogs to increase and preserve insulin secretion by beta-cells in isolated pancreatic islets, which makes them potentially useful for diabetes treatment. This review considers the role of GHRHR in the beta-cell and addresses the unique engineered GHRH agonists and antagonists for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We discuss the similarity of signaling pathways activated by GHRHR in pituitary somatotrophs and in pancreatic beta-cells and possible ways as to how the GHRHR pathway can interact with glucose and other secretagogues to stimulate insulin secretion. We also consider the hypothesis that novel GHRHR agonists can improve glucose metabolism in Type 2 diabetes by preserving the function and survival of pancreatic beta-cells. Wound healing and cardioprotective action with new GHRH agonists suggest that they may prove useful in ameliorating certain diabetic complications. These findings highlight the future potential therapeutic effectiveness of modulators of GHRHR activity for the development of new therapeutic approaches in diabetes and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid E. Fridlyand
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- *Correspondence: Leonid E. Fridlyand,
| | - Natalia A. Tamarina
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew V. Schally
- VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Hematology-Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Louis H. Philipson
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hou Y, Ernst SA, Heidenreich K, Williams JA. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is present in pancreatic acinar cells and regulates amylase secretion through cAMP. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G26-33. [PMID: 26542397 PMCID: PMC4698438 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00293.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a glucoincretin hormone that can act through its receptor (GLP-1R) on pancreatic β-cells and increase insulin secretion and production. GLP-1R agonists are used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 may also regulate the exocrine pancreas at multiple levels, including inhibition through the central nervous system, stimulation indirectly through insulin, and stimulation directly on acinar cells. However, it has been unclear whether GLP-1R is present in pancreatic acini and what physiological functions these receptors regulate. In the current study we utilized GLP-1R knockout (KO) mice to study the role of GLP-1R in acinar cells. RNA expression of GLP-1R was detected in acutely isolated pancreatic acini. Acinar cell morphology and expression of digestive enzymes were not affected by loss of GLP-1R. GLP-1 induced amylase secretion in wild-type (WT) acini. In GLP-1R KO mice, this effect was abolished, whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced amylase release in KO acini showed a pattern similar to that in WT acini. GLP-1 stimulated cAMP production and increased protein kinase A-mediated protein phosphorylation in WT acini, and these effects were absent in KO acini. These data show that GLP-1R is present in pancreatic acinar cells and that GLP-1 can regulate secretion through its receptor and cAMP signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Hou
- 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Stephen A. Ernst
- 2Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Kaeli Heidenreich
- 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - John A. Williams
- 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; ,3Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Doliba NM, Liu Q, Li C, Chen J, Chen P, Liu C, Frederick DW, Baur JA, Bennett MJ, Naji A, Matschinsky FM. Accumulation of 3-hydroxytetradecenoic acid: Cause or corollary of glucolipotoxic impairment of pancreatic β-cell bioenergetics? Mol Metab 2015; 4:926-39. [PMID: 26909309 PMCID: PMC4731732 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hyperglycemia and elevated blood lipids are the presumed precipitating causes of β-cell damage in T2DM as the result of a process termed “glucolipotoxicity”. Here, we tested whether glucolipotoxic pathophysiology is caused by defective bioenergetics using islets in culture. Methods Insulin secretion, respiration, ATP generation, fatty acid (FA) metabolite profiles and gene expression were determined in isolated islets treated under glucolipotoxic culture conditions. Results Over time, chronic exposure of mouse islets to FAs with glucose leads to bioenergetic failure and reduced insulin secretion upon stimulation with glucose or amino acids. Islets exposed to glucolipotoxic conditions displayed biphasic changes of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR): an initial increase in baseline and Vmax of OCR after 3 days, followed by decreased baseline and glucose stimulated OCR after 5 days. These changes were associated with lower islet ATP levels, impaired glucose-induced ATP generation, a trend for reduced mitochondrial DNA content and reduced expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam). We discovered the accumulation of carnitine esters of hydroxylated long chain FAs, in particular 3-hydroxytetradecenoyl-carnitine. Conclusions As long chain 3-hydroxylated FA metabolites are known to uncouple heart and brain mitochondria [53], [54], [55], we propose that under glucolipotoxic condition, unsaturated hydroxylated long-chain FAs accumulate, uncouple and ultimately inhibit β-cell respiration. This leads to the slow deterioration of mitochondrial function progressing to bioenergetics β-cell failure. We found low capacity of islets to generate ATP after glucolipotoxic treatment. Found biphasic (up/down) respiratory time course as expression of glucolipotoxicity. We found β-Hydroxylated long FA metabolites as new glucolipotoxicity mediators. β-Hydroxylated long FAs are known to uncouple Ox/Phos. We propose defective bioenergetics as main cause of glucolipotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai M. Doliba
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
- Corresponding author. University of Pennsylvania, Biochemistry/Biophysics, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Smilow Center for Translation Research, TRC12-131, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States. Tel.: +1 215 898 4366; fax: +1 215 898 5408.
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
| | - Changhong Li
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
| | - David W. Frederick
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
| | - Michael J. Bennett
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
| | - Franz M. Matschinsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
| |
Collapse
|