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Wilkerson JL, Tatum SM, Holland WL, Summers SA. Ceramides are fuel gauges on the drive to cardiometabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1061-1119. [PMID: 38300524 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are signals of fatty acid excess that accumulate when a cell's energetic needs have been met and its nutrient storage has reached capacity. As these sphingolipids accrue, they alter the metabolism and survival of cells throughout the body including in the heart, liver, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney. These ceramide actions elicit the tissue dysfunction that underlies cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis, and heart failure. Here, we review the biosynthesis and degradation pathways that maintain ceramide levels in normal physiology and discuss how the loss of ceramide homeostasis drives cardiometabolic pathologies. We highlight signaling nodes that sense small changes in ceramides and in turn reprogram cellular metabolism and stimulate apoptosis. Finally, we evaluate the emerging therapeutic utility of these unique lipids as biomarkers that forecast disease risk and as targets of ceramide-lowering interventions that ameliorate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wilkerson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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2
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Petrenko V, Sinturel F, Loizides-Mangold U, Montoya JP, Chera S, Riezman H, Dibner C. Type 2 diabetes disrupts circadian orchestration of lipid metabolism and membrane fluidity in human pancreatic islets. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001725. [PMID: 35921354 PMCID: PMC9348689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that circadian clocks ensure temporal orchestration of lipid homeostasis and play a role in pathophysiology of metabolic diseases in humans, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Nevertheless, circadian regulation of lipid metabolism in human pancreatic islets has not been explored. Employing lipidomic analyses, we conducted temporal profiling in human pancreatic islets derived from 10 nondiabetic (ND) and 6 T2D donors. Among 329 detected lipid species across 8 major lipid classes, 5% exhibited circadian rhythmicity in ND human islets synchronized in vitro. Two-time point-based lipidomic analyses in T2D human islets revealed global and temporal alterations in phospho- and sphingolipids. Key enzymes regulating turnover of sphingolipids were rhythmically expressed in ND islets and exhibited altered levels in ND islets bearing disrupted clocks and in T2D islets. Strikingly, cellular membrane fluidity, measured by a Nile Red derivative NR12S, was reduced in plasma membrane of T2D diabetic human islets, in ND donors’ islets with disrupted circadian clockwork, or treated with sphingolipid pathway modulators. Moreover, inhibiting the glycosphingolipid biosynthesis led to strong reduction of insulin secretion triggered by glucose or KCl, whereas inhibiting earlier steps of de novo ceramide synthesis resulted in milder inhibitory effect on insulin secretion by ND islets. Our data suggest that circadian clocks operative in human pancreatic islets are required for temporal orchestration of lipid homeostasis, and that perturbation of temporal regulation of the islet lipid metabolism upon T2D leads to altered insulin secretion and membrane fluidity. These phenotypes were recapitulated in ND islets bearing disrupted clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Petrenko
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Flore Sinturel
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Loizides-Mangold
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Paz Montoya
- Proteomics Core Facility, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simona Chera
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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3
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Marzec ME, Rząca C, Moskal P, Stępień EŁ. Study of the influence of hyperglycemia on the abundance of amino acids, fatty acids, and selected lipids in extracellular vesicles using TOF-SIMS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 622:30-36. [PMID: 35843091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) with the Bi3+ liquid metal ion gun was used to investigate the content of lipids and amino acids (AAs) in extracellular vesicles (EVs). We induced metabolic changes in human pancreatic β-cells by stimulation with high glucose concentrations (35 mM) and tested the hypothesis of hyperglycemia (HG) has a detrimental effect on lipids and AAs in released EV subpopulations: ectosomes and exosomes. As a result of HG treatment, selected fatty acids (FAs) such as arachidonic, myristic and palmitic acids, changed their abundance in ectosomes and exosomes. Also, intensities of the characteristic peaks for cholesterol (m/z 95.09; 147.07; 161.11; 369.45) along with the molecular ion m/z 386.37 [C27H46O+] under HG conditions, both for ectosomes and exosomes, have changed significantly. Comparative analysis of HG EVs and normoglycemic (NG) ones showed statistically significant differences in the signal intensities of four AAs: valine (m/z 72.08 and 83.05), isoleucine (m/z 86.10), phenylalanine (m/z 120.08 and 132.05) and tyrosine (m/z 107.05 and 136.09). We confirmed that ToF-SIMS is a useful technique to study selected AAs and lipid profiles in various EV subpopulations. Our study is the first demonstration of changes in FAs and AAs in exosomes and ectosomes derived from β-cells under the influence of HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena E Marzec
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11 St, 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 40 St, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Carina Rząca
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11 St, 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 40 St, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Moskal
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 40 St, 31-501, Krakow, Poland; Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11 St, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11 St, 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 40 St, 31-501, Krakow, Poland.
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Contribution of specific ceramides to obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:395. [PMID: 35789435 PMCID: PMC9252958 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides are a heterogeneous group of bioactive membrane sphingolipids that play specialized regulatory roles in cellular metabolism depending on their characteristic fatty acyl chain lengths and subcellular distribution. As obesity progresses, certain ceramide molecular species accumulate in metabolic tissues and cause cell-type-specific lipotoxic reactions that disrupt metabolic homeostasis and lead to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Several mechanisms for ceramide action have been inferred from studies in vitro, but only recently have we begun to better understand the acyl chain length specificity of ceramide-mediated signaling in the context of physiology and disease in vivo. New discoveries show that specific ceramides affect various metabolic pathways and that global or tissue-specific reduction in selected ceramide pools in obese rodents is sufficient to improve metabolic health. Here, we review the tissue-specific regulation and functions of ceramides in obesity, thus highlighting the emerging concept of selectively inhibiting production or action of ceramides with specific acyl chain lengths as novel therapeutic strategies to ameliorate obesity-associated diseases.
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Chen G, Guo L, Zhao X, Ren Y, Chen H, Liu J, Jiang J, Liu P, Liu X, Hu B, Wang N, Peng H, Xu G, Tao H. Serum Metabonomics Reveals Risk Factors in Different Periods of Cerebral Infarction in Humans. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:784288. [PMID: 35242810 PMCID: PMC8887861 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.784288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of key metabolite variations and their biological mechanisms in cerebral infarction (CI) have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. However, how metabolite variations in different periods of CI influence these biological processes and whether key metabolites from different periods may better predict disease progression are still unknown. We performed a systematic investigation using the metabonomics method. Various metabolites in different pathways were investigated by serum metabolic profiling of 143 patients diagnosed with CI and 59 healthy controls. Phe-Phe, carnitine C18:1, palmitic acid, cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, palmitoleic acid, 1-linoleoyl-rac-glycerol, MAG 18:1, MAG 20:3, phosphoric acid, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, Ca, K, and GGT were the major components in the early period of CI. GCDCA, glycocholate, PC 36:5, LPC 18:2, and PA showed obvious changes in the intermediate time. In contrast, trans-vaccenic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, DHA, FFA 18:1, FFA 18:2, FFA 18:3, FFA 20:4, FFA 22:6, PC 34:1, PC 36:3, PC 38:4, ALP, and Crea displayed changes in the later time. More importantly, we found that phenylalanine metabolism, medium-chain acylcarnitines, long-chain acylcarnitines, choline, DHEA, LPC 18:0, LPC 18:1, FFA 18:0, FFA 22:4, TG, ALB, IDBIL, and DBIL played vital roles in the development of different periods of CI. Increased phenylacetyl-L-glutamine was detected and may be a biomarker for CI. It was of great significance that we identified key metabolic pathways and risk metabolites in different periods of CI different from those previously reported. Specific data are detailed in the Conclusion section. In addition, we also explored metabolite differences of CI patients complicated with high blood glucose compared with healthy controls. Further work in this area may inform personalized treatment approaches in clinical practice for CI by experimentally elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyou Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yachao Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Academic Affairs Office, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Peijia Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Bo Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Haisheng Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Haiquan Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cerebrovascular Diseases Department, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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Gurgul-Convey E. To Be or Not to Be: The Divergent Action and Metabolism of Sphingosine-1 Phosphate in Pancreatic Beta-Cells in Response to Cytokines and Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031638. [PMID: 35163559 PMCID: PMC8835924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid with multiple functions conveyed by the activation of cell surface receptors and/or intracellular mediators. A growing body of evidence indicates its important role in pancreatic insulin-secreting beta-cells that are necessary for maintenance of glucose homeostasis. The dysfunction and/or death of beta-cells lead to diabetes development. Diabetes is a serious public health burden with incidence growing rapidly in recent decades. The two major types of diabetes are the autoimmune-mediated type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and the metabolic stress-related type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Despite many differences in the development, both types of diabetes are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation. The inflammatory component of diabetes remains under-characterized. Recent years have brought new insights into the possible mechanism involved in the increased inflammatory response, suggesting that environmental factors such as a westernized diet may participate in this process. Dietary lipids, particularly palmitate, are substrates for the biosynthesis of bioactive sphingolipids. Disturbed serum sphingolipid profiles were observed in both T1DM and T2DM patients. Many polymorphisms were identified in genes encoding enzymes of the sphingolipid pathway, including sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2), the S1P generating enzyme which is highly expressed in beta-cells. Proinflammatory cytokines and free fatty acids have been shown to modulate the expression and activity of S1P-generating and S1P-catabolizing enzymes. In this review, the similarities and differences in the action of extracellular and intracellular S1P in beta-cells exposed to cytokines or free fatty acids will be identified and the outlook for future research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gurgul-Convey
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Yang J, Wang M, Yang D, Yan H, Wang Z, Yan D, Guo N. Integrated lipids biomarker of the prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus Chinese patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1065665. [PMID: 36743922 PMCID: PMC9897314 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1065665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dyslipidemia is a hallmark of T2DM, and as such, analyses of lipid metabolic profiles in affected patients have the potential to permit the development of an integrated lipid metabolite-based biomarker model that can facilitate early patient diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Untargeted and targeted lipidomics approaches were used to analyze serum samples from newly diagnosed 93 Chinese participants in discovery cohort and 440 in validation cohort via UHPLC-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS first. The acid sphingomyelinase protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Through these analyses, we developed a novel integrated biomarker signature composed of LPC 22:6, PC(16:0/20:4), PE(22:6/16:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0)/SM(d18:1/19:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0)/SM(d18:0/16:0), TG(18:1/18:2/18:2), TG(16:0/16:0/20:3), and TG(18:0/16:0/18:2). The area under the curve (AUC) values for this integrated biomarker signature for prediabetes and T2DM patients were 0.841 (cutoff: 0.565) and 0.894 (cutoff: 0.633), respectively. Furthermore, theresults of western blot analysis of frozen adipose tissue from 3 week (prediabetes) and 12 week (T2DM) Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats also confirmed that acid sphingomyelinase is responsible for significant disruptions in ceramide and sphingomyelin homeostasis. Network analyses of the biomarkers associated with this biosignature suggested that the most profoundly affected lipid metabolism pathways in the context of diabetes include de novo ceramide synthesis, sphingomyelin metabolism, and additional pathways associated with phosphatidylcholine synthesis. Together, these results offer new biological insights regarding the role of serum lipids in the context of insidious T2DM development, and may offer new avenues for future diagnostic and/or therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Han Yan
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Wang, ; Dan Yan, ; Na Guo,
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Wang, ; Dan Yan, ; Na Guo,
| | - Na Guo
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Wang, ; Dan Yan, ; Na Guo,
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Pearson GL, Gingerich MA, Walker EM, Biden TJ, Soleimanpour SA. A Selective Look at Autophagy in Pancreatic β-Cells. Diabetes 2021; 70:1229-1241. [PMID: 34016598 PMCID: PMC8275885 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are central to glucose homeostasis, and their failure is a principal driver of diabetes development. To preserve optimal health β-cells must withstand both intrinsic and extrinsic stressors, ranging from inflammation to increased peripheral insulin demand, in addition to maintaining insulin biosynthesis and secretory machinery. Autophagy is increasingly being appreciated as a critical β-cell quality control system vital for glycemic control. Here we focus on the underappreciated, yet crucial, roles for selective and organelle-specific forms of autophagy as mediators of β-cell health. We examine the unique molecular players underlying each distinct form of autophagy in β-cells, including selective autophagy of mitochondria, insulin granules, lipid, intracellular amyloid aggregates, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisomes. We also describe how defects in selective autophagy pathways contribute to the development of diabetes. As all forms of autophagy are not the same, a refined view of β-cell selective autophagy may inform new approaches to defend against the various insults leading to β-cell failure in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Pearson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Emily M Walker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Scott A Soleimanpour
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI
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Kim JH, Delghingaro-Augusto V, Chan JY, Laybutt DR, Proietto J, Nolan CJ. The Role of Fatty Acid Signaling in Islet Beta-Cell Adaptation to Normal Pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:799081. [PMID: 35069446 PMCID: PMC8766493 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.799081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance of a normal fetal nutrient supply requires major adaptations in maternal metabolic physiology, including of the islet beta-cell. The role of lipid signaling processes in the mechanisms of islet beta-cell adaptation to pregnancy has been minimally investigated. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of pregnancy on islet fatty acid (FA) metabolic partitioning and FA augmentation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). METHODS Age matched virgin, early pregnant (gestational day-11, G11) and late pregnant (G19) Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Fasted and fed state biochemistry, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), and fasted and post-OGTT liver glycogen, were determined to assess in vivo metabolic characteristics. In isolated islets, FA (BSA-bound palmitate 0.25 mmol/l) augmentation of GSIS, FA partitioning into esterification and oxidation processes using metabolic tracer techniques, lipolysis by glycerol release, triacylglycerols (TG) content, and the expression of key beta-cell genes were determined. RESULTS Plasma glucose in pregnancy was lower, including during the OGTT (glucose area under the curve 0-120 min (AUC0-120); 655±24 versus 849±13 mmol.l-1.min; G19 vs virgin; P<0.0001), with plasma insulin concentrations equivalent to those of virgin rats (insulin AUC0-120; 97±7 versus 83±7 ng.ml-1.min; G19 vs virgin; not significant). Liver glycogen was depleted in fasted G19 rats with full recovery after oral glucose. Serum TG increased during pregnancy (4.4±0.4, 6.7±0.5; 17.1±1.5 mmol/l; virgin, G11, G19, P<0.0001), and islet TG content decreased (147±42, 172±27, 73±13 ng/µg protein; virgin, G11, G19; P<0.01). GSIS in isolated islets was increased in G19 compared to virgin rats, and this effect was augmented in the presence of FA. FA esterification into phospholipids, monoacylglycerols and TG were increased, whereas FA oxidation was reduced, in islets of pregnant compared to virgin rats, with variable effects on lipolysis dependent on gestational age. Expression of Ppargc1a, a key regulator of mitochondrial metabolism, was reduced by 51% in G11 and 64% in G19 pregnant rat islets compared to virgin rat islets (P<0.001). CONCLUSION A lowered set-point for islet and hepatic glucose homeostasis in the pregnant rat has been confirmed. Islet adaptation to pregnancy includes increased FA esterification, reduced FA oxidation, and enhanced FA augmentation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hye Kim
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Viviane Delghingaro-Augusto
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jeng Yie Chan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D. Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Proietto
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg Heights, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Nolan
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Christopher J. Nolan,
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Chu KY, Mellet N, Thai LM, Meikle PJ, Biden TJ. Short-term inhibition of autophagy benefits pancreatic β-cells by augmenting ether lipids and peroxisomal function, and by countering depletion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after fat-feeding. Mol Metab 2020; 40:101023. [PMID: 32504884 PMCID: PMC7322075 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigations of autophagy in β-cells have usually focused on its homeostatic function. More dynamic roles in inhibiting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), potentially involving remodelling of cellular lipids, have been suggested from in vitro studies but not evaluated in vivo. METHODS We employed temporally-regulated deletion of the essential autophagy gene, Atg7, in β-cells. Mice were fed chow or high-fat diets (HFD), in conjunction with deletion of Atg7 for the last 3 weeks (short-term model) or 9 weeks (long-term model). Standard in vivo metabolic phenotyping was undertaken, and 450 lipid species in islets quantified ex vivo using mass spectroscopy (MS). MIN6 cells were also employed for lipidomics and secretory interventions. RESULTS β-cell function was impaired by inhibiting autophagy in the longer-term, but conversely improved by 3-week deletion of Atg7, specifically under HFD conditions. This was accompanied by augmented GSIS ex vivo. Surprisingly, the HFD had minimal effect on sphingolipid and neutral lipid species, but modulated >100 phospholipids and ether lipids, and markedly shifted the profile of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) sidechains from n3 to n6 forms. These changes were partially countered by Atg7 deletion, consistent with an accompanying upregulation of the PUFA elongase enzyme, Elovl5. Loss of Atg7 separately augmented plasmalogens and alkyl lipids, in association with increased expression of Lonp2, a peroxisomal chaperone/protease that facilitates maturation of ether lipid synthetic enzymes. Depletion of PUFAs and ether lipids was also observed in MIN6 cells chronically exposed to oleate (more so than palmitate). GSIS was inhibited by knocking down Dhrs7b, which encodes an enzyme of peroxisomal ether lipid synthesis. Conversely, impaired GSIS due to oleate pre-treatment was selectively reverted by Dhrs7b overexpression. CONCLUSIONS A detrimental increase in n6:n3 PUFA ratios in ether lipids and phospholipids is revealed as a major response of β-cells to high-fat feeding. This is partially reversed by short-term inhibition of autophagy, which results in compensatory changes in peroxisomal lipid metabolism. The short-term phenotype is linked to improved GSIS, in contrast to the impairment seen with the longer-term inhibition of autophagy. The balance between these positive and negative inputs could help determine whether β-cells adapt or fail in response to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Yi Chu
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Natalie Mellet
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Vic, 3004, Australia
| | - Le May Thai
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Vic, 3004, Australia.
| | - Trevor J Biden
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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11
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The Combination of Whole Cell Lipidomics Analysis and Single Cell Confocal Imaging of Fluidity and Micropolarity Provides Insight into Stress-Induced Lipid Turnover in Subcellular Organelles of Pancreatic Beta Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203742. [PMID: 31627330 PMCID: PMC6833103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern omics techniques reveal molecular structures and cellular networks of tissues and cells in unprecedented detail. Recent advances in single cell analysis have further revolutionized all disciplines in cellular and molecular biology. These methods have also been employed in current investigations on the structure and function of insulin secreting beta cells under normal and pathological conditions that lead to an impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses have pointed to significant alterations in protein expression and function in beta cells exposed to diabetes like conditions (e.g., high glucose and/or saturated fatty acids levels). These nutritional overload stressful conditions are often defined as glucolipotoxic due to the progressive damage they cause to the cells. Our recent studies on the rat insulinoma-derived INS-1E beta cell line point to differential effects of such conditions in the phospholipid bilayers in beta cells. This review focuses on confocal microscopy-based detection of these profound alterations in the plasma membrane and membranes of insulin granules and lipid droplets in single beta cells under such nutritional load conditions.
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12
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Prentice BM, Hart NJ, Phillips N, Haliyur R, Judd A, Armandala R, Spraggins JM, Lowe CL, Boyd KL, Stein RW, Wright CV, Norris JL, Powers AC, Brissova M, Caprioli RM. Imaging mass spectrometry enables molecular profiling of mouse and human pancreatic tissue. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1036-1047. [PMID: 30955045 PMCID: PMC6553460 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The molecular response and function of pancreatic islet cells during metabolic stress is a complex process. The anatomical location and small size of pancreatic islets coupled with current methodological limitations have prevented the achievement of a complete, coherent picture of the role that lipids and proteins play in cellular processes under normal conditions and in diseased states. Herein, we describe the development of untargeted tissue imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) technologies for the study of in situ protein and, more specifically, lipid distributions in murine and human pancreases. METHODS We developed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) IMS protocols to study metabolite, lipid and protein distributions in mouse (wild-type and ob/ob mouse models) and human pancreases. IMS allows for the facile discrimination of chemically similar lipid and metabolite isoforms that cannot be distinguished using standard immunohistochemical techniques. Co-registration of MS images with immunofluorescence images acquired from serial tissue sections allowed accurate cross-registration of cell types. By acquiring immunofluorescence images first, this serial section approach guides targeted high spatial resolution IMS analyses (down to 15 μm) of regions of interest and leads to reduced time requirements for data acquisition. RESULTS MALDI IMS enabled the molecular identification of specific phospholipid and glycolipid isoforms in pancreatic islets with intra-islet spatial resolution. This technology shows that subtle differences in the chemical structure of phospholipids can dramatically affect their distribution patterns and, presumably, cellular function within the islet and exocrine compartments of the pancreas (e.g. 18:1 vs 18:2 fatty acyl groups in phosphatidylcholine lipids). We also observed the localisation of specific GM3 ganglioside lipids [GM3(d34:1), GM3(d36:1), GM3(d38:1) and GM3(d40:1)] within murine islet cells that were correlated with a higher level of GM3 synthase as verified by immunostaining. However, in human pancreas, GM3 gangliosides were equally distributed in both the endocrine and exocrine tissue, with only one GM3 isoform showing islet-specific localisation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The development of more complete molecular profiles of pancreatic tissue will provide important insight into the molecular state of the pancreas during islet development, normal function, and diseased states. For example, this study demonstrates that these results can provide novel insight into the potential signalling mechanisms involving phospholipids and glycolipids that would be difficult to detect by targeted methods, and can help raise new hypotheses about the types of physiological control exerted on endocrine hormone-producing cells in islets. Importantly, the in situ measurements afforded by IMS do not require a priori knowledge of molecules of interest and are not susceptible to the limitations of immunohistochemistry, providing the opportunity for novel biomarker discovery. Notably, the presence of multiple GM3 isoforms in mouse islets and the differential localisation of lipids in human tissue underscore the important role these molecules play in regulating insulin modulation and suggest species, organ, and cell specificity. This approach demonstrates the importance of both high spatial resolution and high molecular specificity to accurately survey the molecular composition of complex, multi-functional tissues such as the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boone M Prentice
- 9160 MRB III, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Hart
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil Phillips
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Audra Judd
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Radhika Armandala
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Spraggins
- 9160 MRB III, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cindy L Lowe
- Translational Pathology Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Translational Pathology Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roland W Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher V Wright
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremy L Norris
- 9160 MRB III, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- 9160 MRB III, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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13
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Imai Y, Cousins RS, Liu S, Phelps BM, Promes JA. Connecting pancreatic islet lipid metabolism with insulin secretion and the development of type 2 diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1461:53-72. [PMID: 30937918 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the major contributing factor for the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in recent years. Sustained positive influx of lipids is considered to be a precipitating factor for beta cell dysfunction and serves as a connection between obesity and T2D. Importantly, fatty acids (FA), a key building block of lipids, are a double-edged sword for beta cells. FA acutely increase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through cell-surface receptor and intracellular pathways. However, chronic exposure to FA, combined with elevated glucose, impair the viability and function of beta cells in vitro and in animal models of obesity (glucolipotoxicity), providing an experimental basis for the propensity of beta cell demise under obesity in humans. To better understand the two-sided relationship between lipids and beta cells, we present a current view of acute and chronic handling of lipids by beta cells and implications for beta cell function and health. We also discuss an emerging role for lipid droplets (LD) in the dynamic regulation of lipid metabolism in beta cells and insulin secretion, along with a potential role for LD under nutritional stress in beta cells, and incorporate recent advancement in the field of lipid droplet biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ryan S Cousins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Siming Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brian M Phelps
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Joseph A Promes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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14
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Baboota RK, Shinde AB, Lemaire K, Fransen M, Vinckier S, Van Veldhoven PP, Schuit F, Baes M. Functional peroxisomes are required for β-cell integrity in mice. Mol Metab 2019; 22:71-83. [PMID: 30795913 PMCID: PMC6437690 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Peroxisomes play a crucial role in lipid and reactive oxygen species metabolism, but their importance for pancreatic β-cell functioning is presently unknown. To examine the contribution of peroxisomal metabolism to β-cell homeostasis in mice, we inactivated PEX5, the import receptor for peroxisomal matrix proteins, in an inducible and β-cell restricted manner (Rip-Pex5−/− mice). Methods After tamoxifen-induced recombination of the Pex5 gene at the age of 6 weeks, mice were fed either normal chow or a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and were subsequently phenotyped. Results Increased levels of very long chain fatty acids and reduced levels of plasmalogens in islets confirmed impairment of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and ether lipid synthesis, respectively. The Rip-Pex5−/− mice fed on either diet exhibited glucose intolerance associated with impaired insulin secretion. Ultrastructural and biochemical analysis revealed a decrease in the density of mature insulin granules and total pancreatic insulin content, which was further accompanied by mitochondrial disruptions, reduced complex I activity and massive vacuole overload in β-cells. RNAseq analysis suggested that cell death pathways were affected in islets from HFD-fed Rip-Pex5−/− mice. Consistent with this change we observed increased β-cell apoptosis in islets and a decrease in β-cell mass. Conclusions Our data indicate that normal peroxisome metabolism in β-cells is crucial to preserve their structure and function. Pex5 deletion in β-cells impairs glucose tolerance and reduces β-cell mass. Pex5-deficient β-cells display increased apoptosis. Peroxisomal loss causes mitochondrial deterioration and cytoplasmic vacuolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar Baboota
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhijit Babaji Shinde
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Lemaire
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Gene Expression Unit, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Fransen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- VIB-KULeuven Centre for Cancer Biology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frans Schuit
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Gene Expression Unit, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Cantley J, Davenport A, Vetterli L, Nemes NJ, Whitworth PT, Boslem E, Thai LM, Mellett N, Meikle PJ, Hoehn KL, James DE, Biden TJ. Disruption of beta cell acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 in mice impairs insulin secretion and beta cell mass. Diabetologia 2019; 62:99-111. [PMID: 30334081 PMCID: PMC6290731 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4743-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis, and beta cell failure is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Glucose triggers insulin secretion in beta cells via oxidative mitochondrial pathways. However, it also feeds mitochondrial anaplerotic pathways, driving citrate export and cytosolic malonyl-CoA production by the acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) enzyme. This pathway has been proposed as an alternative glucose-sensing mechanism, supported mainly by in vitro data. Here, we sought to address the role of the beta cell ACC1-coupled pathway in insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in vivo. METHODS Acaca, encoding ACC1 (the principal ACC isoform in islets), was deleted in beta cells of mice using the Cre/loxP system. Acaca floxed mice were crossed with Ins2cre mice (βACC1KO; life-long beta cell gene deletion) or Pdx1creER mice (tmx-βACC1KO; inducible gene deletion in adult beta cells). Beta cell function was assessed using in vivo metabolic physiology and ex vivo islet experiments. Beta cell mass was analysed using histological techniques. RESULTS βACC1KO and tmx-βACC1KO mice were glucose intolerant and had defective insulin secretion in vivo. Isolated islet studies identified impaired insulin secretion from beta cells, independent of changes in the abundance of neutral lipids previously implicated as amplification signals. Pancreatic morphometry unexpectedly revealed reduced beta cell size in βACC1KO mice but not in tmx-βACC1KO mice, with decreased levels of proteins involved in the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR)-dependent protein translation pathway underpinning this effect. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study demonstrates that the beta cell ACC1-coupled pathway is critical for insulin secretion in vivo and ex vivo and that it is indispensable for glucose homeostasis. We further reveal a role for ACC1 in controlling beta cell growth prior to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Cantley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Aimee Davenport
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurène Vetterli
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Nandor J Nemes
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - P Tess Whitworth
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Ebru Boslem
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Le May Thai
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie Mellett
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David E James
- The Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Biosciences, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Trevor J Biden
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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16
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Overgaard AJ, Weir JM, Jayawardana K, Mortensen HB, Pociot F, Meikle PJ. Plasma lipid species at type 1 diabetes onset predict residual beta-cell function after 6 months. Metabolomics 2018; 14:158. [PMID: 30830451 PMCID: PMC6280838 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The identification of metabolomic dysregulation appears promising for the prediction of type 1 diabetes and may also reveal metabolic pathways leading to beta-cell destruction. Recent studies indicate that regulation of multiple phospholipids precede the presence of autoantigens in the development of type 1 diabetes. OBJECTIVES We hypothesize that lipid biomarkers in plasma from children with recent onset type 1 diabetes will reflect their remaining beta-cell function and predict future changes in beta-cell function. METHODS We performed targeted lipidomic profiling by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to acquire comparative measures of 354 lipid species covering 25 lipid classes and subclasses in plasma samples from 123 patients < 17 years of age followed prospectively at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after diagnosis. Lipidomic profiles were analysed using liner regression to investigate the relationship between plasma lipids and meal stimulated C-peptide levels at each time point. P-values were corrected for multiple comparisons by the method of Benjamini and Hochberg. RESULTS Linear regression analysis showed that the relative levels of cholesteryl ester, diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol at 1 month were associated to the change in c-peptide levels from 1 to 6 months (corrected p-values of 4.06E-03, 1.72E-02 and 1.72E02, respectively). Medium chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were the major constituents of the di- and triacylglycerol species suggesting a link with increased lipogenesis. CONCLUSION These observations support the hypothesis of lipid disturbances as explanatory factors for residual beta-cell function in children with new onset type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Julie Overgaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensensvej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jacquelyn M Weir
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kaushala Jayawardana
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Flemming Pociot
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensensvej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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17
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Yin R, Kyle J, Burnum-Johnson K, Bloodsworth KJ, Sussel L, Ansong C, Laskin J. High Spatial Resolution Imaging of Mouse Pancreatic Islets Using Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6548-6555. [PMID: 29718662 PMCID: PMC5990474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization mass spectrometry imaging (nano-DESI MSI) enables ambient imaging of biological samples with high sensitivity and minimal sample pretreatment. Recently, we developed an approach for constant-distance mode MSI using shear force microscopy to precisely control the distance between the sample and the nano-DESI probe. Herein, we demonstrate the power of this approach for robust imaging of pancreatic islets with high spatial resolution of ∼11 μm. Pancreatic islets are difficult to characterize using traditional mass spectrometry approaches due to their small size (∼100 μm) and molecular heterogeneity. Nano-DESI MSI was used to examine the spatial localization of several lipid classes including phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS) along with fatty acids and their metabolites (e.g., prostaglandins) in the individual islets and surrounding tissue. Several lipids were found to be substantially enhanced in the islets indicating these lipids may be involved in insulin secretion. Remarkably different distributions were observed for several pairs of Lyso PC (LPC) and PC species differing only by one double bond, such as LPC 18:1 vs LPC 18:0, PC 32:1 vs PC 32:0, and PC 34:2 vs PC 34:1. These findings indicate that minor variations in the fatty acid chain length and saturation have a pronounced effect on the localization of PC and LPC species in pancreatic islets. Interestingly, oxidized PC species observed experimentally were found to be specifically localized to pancreatic islets. These PCs are potential biomarkers for reactive oxygen species in the islets, which could be harmful to pancreatic beta cells. The experimental approach presented in this study will provide valuable information on the heterogeneity of individual pancreatic islets, which is difficult to assess using bulk characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichuan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
| | - Jennifer Kyle
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, United States
| | | | - Kent J. Bloodsworth
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, United States
| | - Lori Sussel
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, United States
| | - Charles Ansong
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, United States
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18
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Singla J, McClary KM, White KL, Alber F, Sali A, Stevens RC. Opportunities and Challenges in Building a Spatiotemporal Multi-scale Model of the Human Pancreatic β Cell. Cell 2018; 173:11-19. [PMID: 29570991 PMCID: PMC6014618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The construction of a predictive model of an entire eukaryotic cell that describes its dynamic structure from atomic to cellular scales is a grand challenge at the intersection of biology, chemistry, physics, and computer science. Having such a model will open new dimensions in biological research and accelerate healthcare advancements. Developing the necessary experimental and modeling methods presents abundant opportunities for a community effort to realize this goal. Here, we present a vision for creation of a spatiotemporal multi-scale model of the pancreatic β-cell, a relevant target for understanding and modulating the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitin Singla
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kyle M McClary
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kate L White
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Frank Alber
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Andrej Sali
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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19
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Green AD, Vasu S, Flatt PR. Cellular models for beta-cell function and diabetes gene therapy. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 29226587 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by the destruction and/or relative dysfunction of insulin-secreting beta-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Consequently, considerable effort has been made to understand the physiological processes governing insulin production and secretion in these cells and to elucidate the mechanisms involved in their deterioration in the pathogenesis of diabetes. To date, considerable research has exploited clonal beta-cell lines derived from rodent insulinomas. Such cell lines have proven to be a great asset in diabetes research, in vitro drug testing, and studies of beta-cell physiology and provide a sustainable, and in many cases, more practical alternative to the use of animals or primary tissue. However, selection of the most appropriate rodent beta cell line is often challenging and no single cell line entirely recapitulates the properties of human beta-cells. The generation of stable human beta-cell lines would provide a much more suitable model for studies of human beta-cell physiology and pathology and could potentially be used as a readily available source of implantable insulin-releasing tissue for cell-based therapies of diabetes. In this review, we discuss the history, development, functional characteristics and use of available clonal rodent beta-cell lines, as well as reflecting on recent advances in the generation of human-derived beta-cell lines, their use in research studies and their potential for cell therapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Green
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes; School of Biomedical Sciences; University of Ulster; Coleraine UK
| | - S. Vasu
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes; School of Biomedical Sciences; University of Ulster; Coleraine UK
- Cell Growth and Metabolism Section; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch; NIDDK; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - P. R. Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes; School of Biomedical Sciences; University of Ulster; Coleraine UK
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20
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Lamontagne J, Al-Mass A, Nolan CJ, Corkey BE, Madiraju SRM, Joly E, Prentki M. Identification of the signals for glucose-induced insulin secretion in INS1 (832/13) β-cells using metformin-induced metabolic deceleration as a model. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19458-19468. [PMID: 28972173 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.808105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic deceleration in pancreatic β-cells is associated with inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS), but only in the presence of intermediate/submaximal glucose concentrations. Here, we used acute metformin treatment as a tool to induce metabolic deceleration in INS1 (832/13) β-cells, with the goal of identifying key pathways and metabolites involved in GIIS. Metabolites and pathways previously implicated as signals for GIIS were measured in the cells at 2-25 mm glucose, with or without 5 mm metformin. We defined three criteria to identify candidate signals: 1) glucose-responsiveness, 2) sensitivity to metformin-induced inhibition of the glucose effect at intermediate glucose concentrations, and 3) alleviation of metformin inhibition by elevated glucose concentrations. Despite the lack of recovery from metformin-induced impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism (glucose oxidation, O2 consumption, and ATP production), insulin secretion was almost completely restored at elevated glucose concentrations. Meeting the criteria for candidates involved in promoting GIIS were the following metabolic indicators and metabolites: cytosolic NAD+/NADH ratio (inferred from the dihydroxyacetone phosphate:glycerol-3-phosphate ratio), mitochondrial membrane potential, ADP, Ca2+, 1-monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, malonyl-CoA, and HMG-CoA. On the contrary, most of the purine and nicotinamide nucleotides, acetoacetyl-CoA, H2O2, reduced glutathione, and 2-monoacylglycerol were not glucose-responsive. Overall these results underscore the significance of mitochondrial energy metabolism-independent signals in GIIS regulation; in particular, the candidate lipid signaling molecules 1-monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and malonyl-CoA; the predominance of KATP/Ca2+ signaling control by low ADP·Mg2+ rather than by high ATP levels; and a role for a more oxidized state (NAD+/NADH) in the cytosol during GIIS that favors high glycolysis rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lamontagne
- From the Molecular Nutrition Unit and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Anfal Al-Mass
- From the Molecular Nutrition Unit and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.,the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Christopher J Nolan
- the Department of Endocrinology, Canberra Hospital and the Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2605, Australia, and
| | - Barbara E Corkey
- the Department of Medicine, Obesity Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - S R Murthy Madiraju
- From the Molecular Nutrition Unit and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Erik Joly
- From the Molecular Nutrition Unit and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marc Prentki
- From the Molecular Nutrition Unit and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada, .,the Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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Mugabo Y, Zhao S, Lamontagne J, Al-Mass A, Peyot ML, Corkey BE, Joly E, Madiraju SRM, Prentki M. Metabolic fate of glucose and candidate signaling and excess-fuel detoxification pathways in pancreatic β-cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7407-7422. [PMID: 28280244 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.763060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism promotes insulin secretion in β-cells via metabolic coupling factors that are incompletely defined. Moreover, chronically elevated glucose causes β-cell dysfunction, but little is known about how cells handle excess fuels to avoid toxicity. Here we sought to determine which among the candidate pathways and coupling factors best correlates with glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), define the fate of glucose in the β-cell, and identify pathways possibly involved in excess-fuel detoxification. We exposed isolated rat islets for 1 h to increasing glucose concentrations and measured various pathways and metabolites. Glucose oxidation, oxygen consumption, and ATP production correlated well with GSIS and saturated at 16 mm glucose. However, glucose utilization, glycerol release, triglyceride and glycogen contents, free fatty acid (FFA) content and release, and cholesterol and cholesterol esters increased linearly up to 25 mm glucose. Besides being oxidized, glucose was mainly metabolized via glycerol production and release and lipid synthesis (particularly FFA, triglycerides, and cholesterol), whereas glycogen production was comparatively low. Using targeted metabolomics in INS-1(832/13) cells, we found that several metabolites correlated well with GSIS, in particular some Krebs cycle intermediates, malonyl-CoA, and lower ADP levels. Glucose dose-dependently increased the dihydroxyacetone phosphate/glycerol 3-phosphate ratio in INS-1(832/13) cells, indicating a more oxidized state of NAD in the cytosol upon glucose stimulation. Overall, the data support a role for accelerated oxidative mitochondrial metabolism, anaplerosis, and malonyl-CoA/lipid signaling in β-cell metabolic signaling and suggest that a decrease in ADP levels is important in GSIS. The results also suggest that excess-fuel detoxification pathways in β-cells possibly comprise glycerol and FFA formation and release extracellularly and the diversion of glucose carbons to triglycerides and cholesterol esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Mugabo
- From the Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada, and
| | - Shangang Zhao
- From the Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Julien Lamontagne
- From the Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Anfal Al-Mass
- From the Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Marie-Line Peyot
- From the Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Barbara E Corkey
- Department of Medicine, Obesity Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Erik Joly
- From the Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - S R Murthy Madiraju
- From the Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marc Prentki
- From the Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada, .,Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada, and
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