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Baek S, Seo DS, Kang J, Ahmad Y, Park S, Joo S, Kim K, Jang Y. ChREBP plays a pivotal role in the nutrient-mediated regulation of metabolic gene expression in brown adipose tissue. Life Sci 2024; 351:122843. [PMID: 38880168 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that regulates several metabolic genes, including the lipogenic enzymes necessary for the metabolic conversion of carbohydrates into lipids. Although the crucial role of ChREBP in the liver, the primary site of de novo lipogenesis, has been studied, its functional role in adipose tissues, particularly brown adipose tissue (BAT), remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of ChREBP in BAT under conditions of a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) and ketogenic diet (KD), represented by extremely low carbohydrate intake. MAIN METHODS Using an adeno-associated virus and Cas9 knock-in mice, we rapidly generated Chrebp brown adipocyte-specific knock-out (B-KO) mice, bypassing the necessity for prolonged breeding by using the Cre-Lox system. KEY FINDINGS We demonstrated that ChREBP is essential for glucose metabolism and lipogenic gene expression in BAT under HCD conditions in Chrebp B-KO mice. After nutrient intake, Chrebp B-KO attenuated the KD-induced expression of several inflammatory genes in BAT. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicated that ChREBP, a nutrient-sensing regulator, is indispensable for expressing a diverse range of metabolic genes in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Baek
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Seo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Kang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusra Ahmad
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Park
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Joo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - KyeongJin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Jang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Li J, Zhang S, Sun Y, Li J, Feng Z, Li H, Zhang M, Yan T, Han J, Duan Y. Liver ChREBP deficiency inhibits fructose-induced insulin resistance in pregnant mice and female offspring. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2097-2117. [PMID: 38532128 PMCID: PMC11014959 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High fructose intake during pregnancy increases insulin resistance (IR) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. IR during pregnancy primarily results from elevated hormone levels. We aim to determine the role of liver carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) in insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in pregnant mice and their offspring. Pregnant C57BL/6J wild-type mice and hepatocyte-specific ChREBP-deficient mice were fed with a high-fructose diet (HFrD) or normal chow diet (NC) pre-delivery. We found that the combination of HFrD with pregnancy excessively activates hepatic ChREBP, stimulating progesterone synthesis by increasing MTTP expression, which exacerbates IR. Increased progesterone levels upregulated hepatic ChREBP via the progesterone-PPARγ axis. Placental progesterone activated the progesterone-ChREBP loop in female offspring, contributing to IR and lipid accumulation. In normal dietary conditions, hepatic ChREBP modestly affected progesterone production and influenced IR during pregnancy. Our findings reveal the role of hepatic ChREBP in regulating insulin sensitivity and lipid homeostasis in both pregnant mice consuming an HFrD and female offspring, and suggest it as a potential target for managing gestational metabolic disorders, including GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yuyao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Li
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tengteng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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3
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Syed-Abdul MM. Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Metabolites 2023; 14:12. [PMID: 38248815 PMCID: PMC10818604 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a cluster of pathological conditions primarily developed due to the accumulation of ectopic fat in the hepatocytes. During the severe form of the disease, i.e., metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), accumulated lipids promote lipotoxicity, resulting in cellular inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatocellular ballooning. If left untreated, the advanced form of the disease progresses to fibrosis of the tissue, resulting in irreversible hepatic cirrhosis or the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although numerous mechanisms have been identified as significant contributors to the development and advancement of MASLD, altered lipid metabolism continues to stand out as a major factor contributing to the disease. This paper briefly discusses the dysregulation in lipid metabolism during various stages of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
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4
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Yu A, Yu P, Zhu Y, Zhu R, Sun R, Ye D, Yu FX. Glucose-induced and ChREBP: MLX-mediated lipogenic program promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development. Oncogene 2023; 42:3182-3193. [PMID: 37684408 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The Carbohydrate Response Element (ChoRE) Binding Protein (ChREBP) and its binding partner Max-like protein X (MLX) mediate transcription of lipogenic genes under glucose-rich conditions. Dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism frequently occurs in cancers, including Hepatocellular Carcinomas (HCCs). However, it is currently unclear whether the glucose-induced lipogenic program plays a role in the development of HCCs. Here, we show that MLX expression is elevated in HCC specimens and downregulation of MLX expression inhibits proliferation of HCC cells. In mice, liver-specific knockout of Mlx results in dramatic decrease in the expression of lipogenic genes and lipid levels in circulation. Interestingly, in the absence of Mlx, the development of tumors in multiple HCC models, such as diethylnitrosamine (DEN) treatment and hydrodynamic injection of oncogenes (AKT/RAS or CTNNB1/RAS), is robustly blocked. However, a high-fat diet can partially restore tumorigenesis in Mlx-deficient livers, indicating a critical role of lipid synthesis in HCC development. In addition, liver-specific expression of a dominant negative MLX (dnMLX) via adeno-associated virus effectively blocks tumorigenesis in mice. Thus, the glucose-induced lipogenic program is required in the development of HCC, and the ChREBP: MLX transcription factors serve as a potential target for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Yu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengcheng Yu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renqiang Sun
- Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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5
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Li L, Long J, Mise K, Poungavrin N, Lorenzi PL, Mahmud I, Tan L, Saha PK, Kanwar YS, Chang BH, Danesh FR. The transcription factor ChREBP links mitochondrial lipidomes to mitochondrial morphology and progression of diabetic kidney disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105185. [PMID: 37611830 PMCID: PMC10506103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence has established the contributions of both mitochondrial dynamics and lipid metabolism to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the precise interplay between these two key metabolic regulators of DKD is not fully understood. Here, we uncover a link between mitochondrial dynamics and lipid metabolism by investigating the role of carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP), a glucose-responsive transcription factor and a master regulator of lipogenesis, in kidney podocytes. We find that inducible podocyte-specific knockdown of ChREBP in diabetic db/db mice improves key biochemical and histological features of DKD in addition to significantly reducing mitochondrial fragmentation. Because of the critical role of ChREBP in lipid metabolism, we interrogated whether and how mitochondrial lipidomes play a role in ChREBP-mediated mitochondrial fission. Our findings suggest a key role for a family of ether phospholipids in ChREBP-induced mitochondrial remodeling. We find that overexpression of glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase, a critical enzyme in the biosynthesis of plasmalogens, reverses the protective phenotype of ChREBP deficiency on mitochondrial fragmentation. Finally, our data also points to Gnpat as a direct transcriptional target of ChREBP. Taken together, our results uncover a distinct mitochondrial lipid signature as the link between ChREBP-induced mitochondrial dynamics and progression of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianyin Long
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Koki Mise
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naravat Poungavrin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pradip K Saha
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benny H Chang
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Farhad R Danesh
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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6
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Nagarajan SR, Livingstone EJ, Monfeuga T, Lewis LC, Ali SHL, Chandran A, Dearlove DJ, Neville MJ, Chen L, Maroteau C, Ruby MA, Hodson L. MLX plays a key role in lipid and glucose metabolism in humans: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Metabolism 2023; 144:155563. [PMID: 37088121 PMCID: PMC10687193 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Enhanced hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) has been proposed as an underlying mechanism for the development of NAFLD and insulin resistance. Max-like protein factor X (MLX) acts as a heterodimer binding partner for glucose sensing transcription factors and inhibition of MLX or downstream targets has been shown to alleviate intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) accumulation in mice. However, its effect on insulin sensitivity remains unclear. As human data is lacking, the aim of the present work was to investigate the role of MLX in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and in healthy participants with and without MLX polymorphisms. METHODS PHH were transfected with non-targeting or MLX siRNA to assess the effect of MLX knockdown on lipid and glucose metabolism, insulin signalling and the hepatocellular transcriptome. A targeted association analysis on imputed genotype data for MLX on healthy individuals was undertaken to assess associations between specific MLX SNPs (rs665268, rs632758 and rs1474040), plasma biochemistry, IHTG content, DNL and gluconeogenesis. RESULTS MLX knockdown in PHH altered lipid metabolism (decreased DNL (p < 0.05), increased fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis (p < 0.05), and reduced lipid accumulation (p < 0.001)). Additionally, MLX knockdown increased glycolysis, lactate secretion and glucose production (p < 0.001) and insulin-stimulated pAKT levels (p < 0.01) as assessed by transcriptomic, steady-state and dynamic measurements. Consistent with the in vitro data, individuals with the rs1474040-A and rs632758-C variants had lower fasting plasma insulin (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) and TG (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Although there was no difference in IHTG or gluconeogenesis, individuals with rs632758 SNP had notably lower hepatic DNL (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION We have demonstrated using human in vitro and in vivo models that MLX inhibition favored lipid catabolism over anabolism and increased glucose production, despite increased glycolysis and phosphorylation of Akt, suggesting a metabolic mechanism that involves futile cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa R Nagarajan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Thomas Monfeuga
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Lara C Lewis
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - David J Dearlove
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital Trusts, UK
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Cyrielle Maroteau
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Maxwell A Ruby
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Oxford, UK.
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital Trusts, UK.
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7
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Ahn B. The Function of MondoA and ChREBP Nutrient-Sensing Factors in Metabolic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108811. [PMID: 37240157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major global public health concern associated with an increased risk of many health problems, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer. Obesity is also a critical factor in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance is associated with metabolic inflexibility, which interferes with the body's ability to switch from free fatty acids to carbohydrate substrates, as well as with the ectopic accumulation of triglycerides in non-adipose tissue, such as that of skeletal muscle, the liver, heart, and pancreas. Recent studies have demonstrated that MondoA (MLX-interacting protein or MLXIP) and the carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP, also known as MLXIPL and MondoB) play crucial roles in the regulation of nutrient metabolism and energy homeostasis in the body. This review summarizes recent advances in elucidating the function of MondoA and ChREBP in insulin resistance and related pathological conditions. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which MondoA and ChREBP transcription factors regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in metabolically active organs. Understanding the underlying mechanism of MondoA and ChREBP in insulin resistance and obesity can foster the development of new therapeutic strategies for treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungyong Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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8
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Jeon YG, Kim YY, Lee G, Kim JB. Physiological and pathological roles of lipogenesis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:735-759. [PMID: 37142787 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential metabolites, which function as energy sources, structural components and signalling mediators. Most cells are able to convert carbohydrates into fatty acids, which are often converted into neutral lipids for storage in the form of lipid droplets. Accumulating evidence suggests that lipogenesis plays a crucial role not only in metabolic tissues for systemic energy homoeostasis but also in immune and nervous systems for their proliferation, differentiation and even pathophysiological roles. Thus, excessive or insufficient lipogenesis is closely associated with aberrations in lipid homoeostasis, potentially leading to pathological consequences, such as dyslipidaemia, diabetes, fatty liver, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. For systemic energy homoeostasis, multiple enzymes involved in lipogenesis are tightly controlled by transcriptional and post-translational modifications. In this Review, we discuss recent findings regarding the regulatory mechanisms, physiological roles and pathological importance of lipogenesis in multiple tissues such as adipose tissue and the liver, as well as the immune and nervous systems. Furthermore, we briefly introduce the therapeutic implications of lipogenesis modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gung Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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9
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Régnier M, Carbinatti T, Parlati L, Benhamed F, Postic C. The role of ChREBP in carbohydrate sensing and NAFLD development. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:336-349. [PMID: 37055547 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive sugar consumption and defective glucose sensing by hepatocytes contribute to the development of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic metabolism of carbohydrates into lipids is largely dependent on the carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), a transcription factor that senses intracellular carbohydrates and activates many different target genes, through the activation of de novo lipogenesis (DNL). This process is crucial for the storage of energy as triglycerides in hepatocytes. Furthermore, ChREBP and its downstream targets represent promising targets for the development of therapies for the treatment of NAFLD and T2DM. Although lipogenic inhibitors (for example, inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase or ATP citrate lyase) are currently under investigation, targeting lipogenesis remains a topic of discussion for NAFLD treatment. In this Review, we discuss mechanisms that regulate ChREBP activity in a tissue-specific manner and their respective roles in controlling DNL and beyond. We also provide in-depth discussion of the roles of ChREBP in the onset and progression of NAFLD and consider emerging targets for NAFLD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Régnier
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France.
| | - Thaïs Carbinatti
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Lucia Parlati
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Fadila Benhamed
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France.
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10
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Carbinatti T, Régnier M, Parlati L, Benhamed F, Postic C. New insights into the inter-organ crosstalk mediated by ChREBP. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1095440. [PMID: 36923222 PMCID: PMC10008936 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1095440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a glucose responsive transcription factor recognized by its critical role in the transcriptional control of glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis. Substantial advances in the field have revealed novel ChREBP functions. Indeed, due to its actions in different tissues, ChREBP modulates the inter-organ communication through secretion of peptides and lipid factors, ensuring metabolic homeostasis. Dysregulation of these orchestrated interactions is associated with development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we recapitulate the current knowledge about ChREBP-mediated inter-organ crosstalk through secreted factors and its physiological implications. As the liver is considered a crucial endocrine organ, we will focus in this review on the role of ChREBP-regulated hepatokines. Lastly, we will discuss the involvement of ChREBP in the progression of metabolic pathologies, as well as how the impairment of ChREBP-dependent signaling factors contributes to the onset of such diseases.
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11
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Gardner EJ, Kentistou KA, Stankovic S, Lockhart S, Wheeler E, Day FR, Kerrison ND, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, O'Rahilly S, Ong KK, Perry JRB. Damaging missense variants in IGF1R implicate a role for IGF-1 resistance in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. CELL GENOMICS 2022; 2:None. [PMID: 36530175 PMCID: PMC9750938 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heritable metabolic disorder. While population studies have identified hundreds of common genetic variants associated with T2D, the role of rare (frequency < 0.1%) protein-coding variation is less clear. We performed exome sequence analysis in 418,436 (n = 32,374 T2D cases) individuals in the UK Biobank. We identified previously reported genes (GCK, GIGYF1, HNF1A) in addition to missense variants in ZEB2 (n = 31 carriers; odds ratio [OR] = 5.5 [95% confidence interval = 2.5-12.0]; p = 6.4 × 10-7), MLXIPL (n = 245; OR = 2.3 [1.6-3.2]; p = 3.2 × 10-7), and IGF1R (n = 394; OR = 2.4 [1.8-3.2]; p = 1.3 × 10-10). Carriers of damaging missense variants within IGF1R were also shorter (-2.2 cm [-1.8 to -2.7]; p = 1.2 × 10-19) and had higher circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) protein levels (2.3 nmol/L [1.7-2.9]; p = 2.8 × 10-14), indicating relative IGF-1 resistance. A likely causal role of IGF-1 resistance was supported by Mendelian randomization analyses using common variants. These results increase understanding of the genetic architecture of T2D and highlight the growth hormone/IGF-1 axis as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stasa Stankovic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel Lockhart
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola D Kerrison
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Patel S, Mandaliya D, Seshadri S. Colonic Microflora Protagonist of Liver Metabolism and Gut Permeability: Study on Mice Model. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:540-549. [PMID: 36458218 PMCID: PMC9705630 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of gut microflora results in a metabolic imbalance in the liver. In the present study, we investigate the reversal potential of alteration of the colonic microflora via improving metabolism balance and regulating the altered tight junction of the intestinal tract. Animals were fed with high sugar diet to mimic the onset of the pathophysiological conditions of diabetes. Following induction, animals were divided into two reversal groups i.e., crude cefdinir and colon-specific formulated cefdinir, to alter the gut microflora. In the present study, we have tried to quantify the microbial content via metagenome analysis to provide an actual picture of the alteration and subsequent reversal. Expression of mRNA of junctional protein and parameters involved in liver metabolism was determined using qPCR. Results indicated direct effect of altered composition of gut microflora on the gut permeability and metabolic alteration. Metagenomic analysis showed least evenness and richness in the HSD group whereas antibiotic-treated groups showed reversal of microflora towards control group with increased richness, evenness and decreased distance on PCoA plot. This changes in gut microflora composition changes expression of metabolic markers and thus insulin sensitivity. Targeting colonic microflora to have a reversal effect on T2D pathogenesis, found to have a positive impact on liver metabolic state with improved permeability markers of gut with SCFA alteration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-022-01032-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, S.G highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Dipeeka Mandaliya
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, S.G highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Sriram Seshadri
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, S.G highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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13
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Dogra S, Das D, Maity SK, Paul A, Rawat P, Daniel PV, Das K, Mitra S, Chakrabarti P, Mondal P. Liver-Derived S100A6 Propels β-Cell Dysfunction in NAFLD. Diabetes 2022; 71:2284-2296. [PMID: 35899967 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an independent predictor of systemic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, converse correlates between excess liver fat content and β-cell function remain equivocal. Specifically, how the accumulation of liver fat consequent to the enhanced de novo lipogenesis (DNL) leads to pancreatic β-cell failure and eventually to T2DM is elusive. Here, we have identified that low-molecular-weight calcium-binding protein S100A6, or calcyclin, inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from β cells through activation of the receptor for the advanced glycation end products and diminution of mitochondrial respiration. Serum S100A6 level is elevated both in human patients with NAFLD and in a high-fat diet-induced mouse model of NAFLD. Although serum S100A6 levels are negatively associated with β-cell insulin secretory capacity in human patients, depletion of hepatic S100A6 improves GSIS and glycemia in mice, suggesting that S100A6 contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes in NAFLD. Moreover, transcriptional induction of hepatic S100A6 is driven by the potent regulator of DNL, carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), and ectopic expression of ChREBP in the liver suppresses GSIS in a S100A6-sensitive manner. Together, these data suggest elevated serum levels of S100A6 may serve as a biomarker in identifying patients with NAFLD with a heightened risk of developing β-cell dysfunction. Overall, our data implicate S100A6 as, to our knowledge, a hitherto unknown hepatokine to be activated by ChREBP and that participates in the hepato-pancreatic communication to impair insulin secretion and drive the development of T2DM in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Dogra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Mandi
| | - Debajyoti Das
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata
| | - Sujay K Maity
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata
| | - Avishek Paul
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata
| | - Priya Rawat
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Mandi
| | | | - Kausik Das
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Souveek Mitra
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata
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14
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Sano H, Nakamura A, Yamane M, Niwa H, Nishimura T, Araki K, Takemoto K, Ishiguro KI, Aoki H, Kato Y, Kojima M. The polyol pathway is an evolutionarily conserved system for sensing glucose uptake. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001678. [PMID: 35687590 PMCID: PMC9223304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells must adjust the expression levels of metabolic enzymes in response to fluctuating nutrient supply. For glucose, such metabolic remodeling is highly dependent on a master transcription factor ChREBP/MondoA. However, it remains elusive how glucose fluctuations are sensed by ChREBP/MondoA despite the stability of major glycolytic pathways. Here, we show that in both flies and mice, ChREBP/MondoA activation in response to glucose ingestion involves an evolutionarily conserved glucose-metabolizing pathway: the polyol pathway. The polyol pathway converts glucose to fructose via sorbitol. It has been believed that this pathway is almost silent, and its activation in hyperglycemic conditions has deleterious effects on human health. We show that the polyol pathway regulates the glucose-responsive nuclear translocation of Mondo, a Drosophila homologue of ChREBP/MondoA, which directs gene expression for organismal growth and metabolism. Likewise, inhibition of the polyol pathway in mice impairs ChREBP’s nuclear localization and reduces glucose tolerance. We propose that the polyol pathway is an evolutionarily conserved sensing system for glucose uptake that allows metabolic remodeling. The polyol pathway, which converts glucose to fructose via sorbitol, was thought to be largely silent, and only the negative effects of its activation were known. This study reveals that the polyol pathway is involved in glucose-responsive activation of Mondo/ChREBP-mediated metabolic remodeling in both mice and flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Sano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Department of Germline Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Yamane
- Department of Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, and Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Niwa
- Department of Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, and Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Takemoto
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Ishiguro
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Aoki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kato
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masayasu Kojima
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Recazens E, Tavernier G, Dufau J, Bergoglio C, Benhamed F, Cassant-Sourdy S, Marques MA, Caspar-Bauguil S, Brion A, Monbrun L, Dentin R, Ferrier C, Leroux M, Denechaud PD, Moro C, Concordet JP, Postic C, Mouisel E, Langin D. ChREBPβ is dispensable for the control of glucose homeostasis and energy balance. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153431. [PMID: 35041621 PMCID: PMC8876429 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired glucose metabolism is observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Glucose controls gene expression through the transcription factor ChREBP in liver and adipose tissues. Mlxipl encodes 2 isoforms: ChREBPα, the full-length form (translocation into the nucleus is under the control of glucose), and ChREBPβ, a constitutively nuclear shorter form. ChREBPβ gene expression in white adipose tissue is strongly associated with insulin sensitivity. Here, we investigated the consequences of ChREBPβ deficiency on insulin action and energy balance. ChREBPβ-deficient male and female C57BL6/J and FVB/N mice were produced using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. Unlike global ChREBP deficiency, lack of ChREBPβ showed modest effects on gene expression in adipose tissues and the liver, with variations chiefly observed in brown adipose tissue. In mice fed chow and 2 types of high-fat diets, lack of ChREBPβ had moderate effects on body composition and insulin sensitivity. At thermoneutrality, ChREBPβ deficiency did not prevent the whitening of brown adipose tissue previously reported in total ChREBP-KO mice. These findings revealed that ChREBPβ is dispensable for metabolic adaptations to nutritional and thermic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jérémy Dufau
- Equipe MetaDiab, I2MC Inserm UT3 UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Fadila Benhamed
- Endocrinologie Metabolisme et Cancer, Insitut Cochin Inserm U567, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Alice Brion
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7196, INSERM U1154, Paris, France
| | | | - Renaud Dentin
- Endocrinologie Metabolisme et Cancer, Insitut Cochin Inserm U567, Paris, France
| | - Clara Ferrier
- Equipe MetaDiab, I2MC Inserm UT3 UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Mélanie Leroux
- Equipe MetaDiab, I2MC Inserm UT3 UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Cedric Moro
- Equipe MetaDiab, I2MC Inserm UT3 UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7196, INSERM U1154, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, Insitut Cochin Inserm U567, Paris, France
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16
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Mendoza A, Tang C, Choi J, Acuña M, Logan M, Martin AG, Al-Sowaimel L, Desai BN, Tenen DE, Jacobs C, Lyubetskaya A, Fu Y, Liu H, Tsai L, Cohen DE, Forrest D, Wilson AA, Hollenberg AN. Thyroid hormone signaling promotes hepatic lipogenesis through the transcription factor ChREBP. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabh3839. [PMID: 34784250 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abh3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) action is essential for hepatic lipid synthesis and oxidation. Analysis of hepatocyte-specific thyroid receptor β1 (TRβ1) knockout mice confirmed a role for TH in stimulating de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation through its nuclear receptor. Specifically, TRβ1 and its principal corepressor NCoR1 in hepatocytes repressed de novo lipogenesis, whereas the TH-mediated induction of lipogenic genes depended on the transcription factor ChREBP. Mice with a hepatocyte-specific deficiency in ChREBP lost TH-mediated stimulation of the lipogenic program, which, in turn, impaired the regulation of fatty acid oxidation. TH regulated ChREBP activation and recruitment to DNA, revealing a mechanism by which TH regulates specific signaling pathways. Regulation of the lipogenic pathway by TH through ChREBP was conserved in hepatocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. These results demonstrate that TH signaling in the liver acts simultaneously to enhance both lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Mendoza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Catherine Tang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jinyoung Choi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mariana Acuña
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Maya Logan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Adriana G Martin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lujain Al-Sowaimel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bhavna N Desai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danielle E Tenen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher Jacobs
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Lyubetskaya
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yulong Fu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Linus Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
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17
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Shi YN, Liu YJ, Xie Z, Zhang WJ. Fructose and metabolic diseases: too much to be good. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1276-1285. [PMID: 34010200 PMCID: PMC8183764 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Excessive consumption of fructose, the sweetest of all naturally occurring carbohydrates, has been linked to worldwide epidemics of metabolic diseases in humans, and it is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We provide an overview about the features of fructose metabolism, as well as potential mechanisms by which excessive fructose intake is associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases both in humans and rodents. To accomplish this aim, we focus on illuminating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fructose metabolism as well as its signaling effects on metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis in health and disease, highlighting the role of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein in regulating fructose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ya-Jin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zhifang Xie
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weiping J. Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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18
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Role of Insulin Resistance in MAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084156. [PMID: 33923817 PMCID: PMC8072900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported that metabolic dysfunction is closely involved in the complex mechanism underlying the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has prompted a movement to consider renaming NAFLD as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Metabolic dysfunction in this context encompasses obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, with insulin resistance as the common underlying pathophysiology. Imbalance between energy intake and expenditure results in insulin resistance in various tissues and alteration of the gut microbiota, resulting in fat accumulation in the liver. The role of genetics has also been revealed in hepatic fat accumulation and fibrosis. In the process of fat accumulation in the liver, intracellular damage as well as hepatic insulin resistance further potentiates inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Increased lipogenic substrate supply from other tissues, hepatic zonation of Irs1, and other factors, including ER stress, play crucial roles in increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis in MAFLD with hepatic insulin resistance. Herein, we provide an overview of the factors contributing to and the role of systemic and local insulin resistance in the development and progression of MAFLD.
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19
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Adaptive and maladaptive roles for ChREBP in the liver and pancreatic islets. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100623. [PMID: 33812993 PMCID: PMC8102921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive sugar consumption is a contributor to the worldwide epidemic of cardiometabolic disease. Understanding mechanisms by which sugar is sensed and regulates metabolic processes may provide new opportunities to prevent and treat these epidemics. Carbohydrate Responsive-Element Binding Protein (ChREBP) is a sugar-sensing transcription factor that mediates genomic responses to changes in carbohydrate abundance in key metabolic tissues. Carbohydrate metabolites activate the canonical form of ChREBP, ChREBP-alpha, which stimulates production of a potent, constitutively active ChREBP isoform called ChREBP-beta. Carbohydrate metabolites and other metabolic signals may also regulate ChREBP activity via posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation, and O-GlcNAcylation that can affect ChREBP’s cellular localization, stability, binding to cofactors, and transcriptional activity. In this review, we discuss mechanisms regulating ChREBP activity and highlight phenotypes and controversies in ChREBP gain- and loss-of-function genetic rodent models focused on the liver and pancreatic islets.
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20
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Ke H, Luan Y, Wu S, Zhu Y, Tong X. The Role of Mondo Family Transcription Factors in Nutrient-Sensing and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:653972. [PMID: 33868181 PMCID: PMC8044463 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.653972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past several decades obesity has become one of the greatest health burdens worldwide. Diet high in fats and fructose is one of the main causes for the prevalence of metabolic disorders including obesity. Promoting brown or beige adipocyte development and activity is regarded as a potential treatment of obesity. Mondo family transcription factors including MondoA and carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) are critical for nutrient-sensing in multiple metabolic organs including the skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue and pancreas. Under normal nutrient conditions, MondoA and ChREBP contribute to maintaining metabolic homeostasis. When nutrient is overloaded, Mondo family transcription factors directly regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in brown and beige adipocytes or modulate the crosstalk between metabolic organs. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding of MondoA and ChREBP in sensing nutrients and regulating obesity or related pathological conditions.
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21
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Velázquez-Villegas L, Noriega LG, López-Barradas AM, Tobon-Cornejo S, Méndez-García AL, Tovar AR, Torres N, Ortiz-Ortega VM. ChREBP downregulates SNAT2 amino acid transporter expression through interactions with SMRT in response to a high-carbohydrate diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E102-E112. [PMID: 33225719 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00326.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) has been identified as a primary transcription factor that maintains energy homeostasis through transcriptional regulation of glycolytic, lipogenic, and gluconeogenic enzymes in response to a high-carbohydrate diet. Amino acids are important substrates for gluconeogenesis, but nevertheless, knowledge is lacking about whether this transcription factor regulates genes involved in the transport or use of these metabolites. Here, we demonstrate that ChREBP represses the expression of the amino acid transporter sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) in response to a high-sucrose diet in rats by binding to a carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) site located -160 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site in the SNAT2 promoter region. Additionally, immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ChREBP and silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) interact with each other, as part of the complex that repress SNAT2 expression. The interaction between these proteins was confirmed by an in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. These findings suggest that glucogenic amino acid uptake by the liver is controlled by ChREBP through the repression of SNAT2 expression in rats consuming a high-carbohydrate diet.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study highlights the key role of carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) in the fine-tuned regulation between glucose and amino acid metabolism in the liver via regulation of the amino acid transporter sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) expression after the consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet. ChREBP binds to a carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) site in the SNAT2 promoter region and recruits silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) corepressor to reduce SNAT2 transcription. This study revealed that ChREBP prevents the uptake of glucogenic amino acids upon the consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Adriana M López-Barradas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Sandra Tobon-Cornejo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Ana Luisa Méndez-García
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Victor M Ortiz-Ortega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
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22
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Schlein C, Fischer AW, Sass F, Worthmann A, Tödter K, Jaeckstein MY, Behrens J, Lynes MD, Kiebish MA, Narain NR, Bussberg V, Darkwah A, Jespersen NZ, Nielsen S, Scheele C, Schweizer M, Braren I, Bartelt A, Tseng YH, Heeren J, Scheja L. Endogenous Fatty Acid Synthesis Drives Brown Adipose Tissue Involution. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108624. [PMID: 33440156 PMCID: PMC8240962 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoneutral conditions typical for standard human living environments result in brown adipose tissue (BAT) involution, characterized by decreased mitochondrial mass and increased lipid deposition. Low BAT activity is associated with poor metabolic health, and BAT reactivation may confer therapeutic potential. However, the molecular drivers of this BAT adaptive process in response to thermoneutrality remain enigmatic. Using metabolic and lipidomic approaches, we show that endogenous fatty acid synthesis, regulated by carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP), is the central regulator of BAT involution. By transcriptional control of lipogenesis-related enzymes, ChREBP determines the abundance and composition of both storage and membrane lipids known to regulate organelle turnover and function. Notably, ChREBP deficiency and pharmacological inhibition of lipogenesis during thermoneutral adaptation preserved mitochondrial mass and thermogenic capacity of BAT independently of mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, we establish lipogenesis as a potential therapeutic target to prevent loss of BAT thermogenic capacity as seen in adult humans. Schlein et al. show that carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP) controls de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and determines BAT whitening in response to thermoneutral housing. ChREBP deficiency prevents enrichment of DNL-derived lipids and mitophagy during BAT involution, which is associated with higher thermogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schlein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Sass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Worthmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Tödter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Y Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janina Behrens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Naja Zenius Jespersen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Nielsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Core Facility of Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingke Braren
- Vector Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Zhang S, Guo F, Yu M, Yang X, Yao Z, Li Q, Wei Z, Feng K, Zeng P, Zhao D, Li X, Zhu Y, Miao QR, Iwakiri Y, Chen Y, Han J, Duan Y. Reduced Nogo expression inhibits diet-induced metabolic disorders by regulating ChREBP and insulin activity. J Hepatol 2020; 73:1482-1495. [PMID: 32738448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic overconsumption of a high-carbohydrate diet leads to steatosis and its associated metabolic disorder and, eventually, to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) and insulin regulate de novo lipogenesis from glucose. Herein, we studied the effect of reticulon-4 (Nogo) expression on diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice. METHODS Nogo-deficient (Nogo-/-) and littermate control [wild-type (WT)] mice were fed a high-glucose or high-fructose diet (HGD/HFrD) to induce metabolic disorders. The effects of Nogo small interfering (si) RNA (siRNA) on HFrD-induced metabolic disorders were investigated in C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS HGD/HFrD induced steatosis and its associated metabolic disorders in WT mice by activating ChREBP and impairing insulin sensitivity. They also activated Nogo-B expression, which in turn inhibited insulin activity. In response to HGD/HFrD feeding, Nogo deficiency enhanced insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism to reduce the expression of ChREBP and lipogenic molecules, activated AMP-activated catalytic subunit α, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α and fibroblast growth factor 21, and reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation, thereby blocking HGD/HFrD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders. Injection of Nogo siRNA protected C57BL/6J mice against HFrD-induced metabolic disorders by ameliorating insulin sensitivity, ChREBP activity, ER stress and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified Nogo as an important mediator of insulin sensitivity and ChREBP activity. Reduction of Nogo expression is a potential strategy for the treatment of high-carbohydrate diet-induced metabolic complications. LAY SUMMARY Nogo deficiency blocks high-carbohydrate diet-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, while increasing glucose/lipid utilisation and energy expenditure. Thus, reduction of Nogo expression protects against high-carbohydrate diet-induced body-weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation and the associated metabolic disorders, indicating that approaches inhibiting Nogo expression can be applied for the treatment of diseases associated with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China; College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangling Guo
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Yu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuo Wei
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoju Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Robert Miao
- Winthrop Hospital Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China; College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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Daniel PV, Mondal P. Causative and Sanative dynamicity of ChREBP in Hepato-Metabolic disorders. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151128. [PMID: 33232883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ChREBP is the master regulator of carbohydrate dependent glycolytic and lipogenic flux within metabolic tissues. It plays a vital role in hyper-calorific milieu by activating glycolysis, lipogenesis along with pentose phosphate shunt and glycogen synthesis, fostering immediate reduction in the systemic glycemic levels. Liver being the primary organ to sense disproportionate dietary intake and linked physiological stress, stimulates ChREBP to perform the aforementioned processes. Activated ChREBP also inhibits lipolysis and encourages proper disposal of excessive triglycerides into adipocytes from the liver ablating hepatic intracellular lipid trafficking. Chronic overeating or onset of positive energy balance, hyper-activates ChREBP and signals development, intensification of hepato-metabolic disorders, and allied discrepancies in the whole-body metabolic functioning. ChREBP thus gets negatively connotated as the primary regulator of hepatic disorders, owing to its inherent features as the primary glycemic sensor and the only transcription factor that can transduce glucose-dependent glycolytic and lipogenic signals. Through this review, we - try to recapitulate and emphasize on the sanative events coordinated by ChREBP in several pathophysiological states. In totality, we aim to uncouple the disease-causing aspects of ChREBP from its positive attributes evoked during a metabolic crisis, in hepato-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vineeth Daniel
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175001, H.P, India.
| | - Prosenjit Mondal
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175001, H.P, India.
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25
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Lei Y, Hoogerland JA, Bloks VW, Bos T, Bleeker A, Wolters H, Wolters JC, Hijmans BS, van Dijk TH, Thomas R, van Weeghel M, Mithieux G, Houtkooper RH, de Bruin A, Rajas F, Kuipers F, Oosterveer MH. Hepatic Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein Activation Limits Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development in a Mouse Model for Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1a. Hepatology 2020; 72:1638-1653. [PMID: 32083759 PMCID: PMC7702155 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 1a is an inborn error of metabolism caused by defective glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC) activity. Patients with GSD 1a exhibit severe hepatomegaly due to glycogen and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the liver. We have shown that the activity of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), a key regulator of glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis, is increased in GSD 1a. In the current study, we assessed the contribution of ChREBP to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development in a mouse model for hepatic GSD 1a. APPROACH AND RESULTS Liver-specific G6pc-knockout (L-G6pc-/- ) mice were treated with adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) 2 or 8 directed against short hairpin ChREBP to normalize hepatic ChREBP activity to levels observed in wild-type mice receiving AAV8-scrambled short hairpin RNA (shSCR). Hepatic ChREBP knockdown markedly increased liver weight and hepatocyte size in L-G6pc-/- mice. This was associated with hepatic accumulation of G6P, glycogen, and lipids, whereas the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic genes was reduced. Enzyme activities, flux measurements, hepatic metabolite analysis and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG secretion assays revealed that hepatic ChREBP knockdown reduced downstream glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis but also strongly suppressed hepatic VLDL lipidation, hence promoting the storage of "old fat." Interestingly, enhanced VLDL-TG secretion in shSCR-treated L-G6pc-/- mice associated with a ChREBP-dependent induction of the VLDL lipidation proteins microsomal TG transfer protein and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), the latter being confirmed by ChIP-qPCR. CONCLUSIONS Attenuation of hepatic ChREBP induction in GSD 1a liver aggravates hepatomegaly because of further accumulation of glycogen and lipids as a result of reduced glycolysis and suppressed VLDL-TG secretion. TM6SF2, critical for VLDL formation, was identified as a ChREBP target in mouse liver. Altogether, our data show that enhanced ChREBP activity limits NAFLD development in GSD 1a by balancing hepatic TG production and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Joanne A. Hoogerland
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. Bloks
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Trijnie Bos
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Aycha Bleeker
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Henk Wolters
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Justina C. Wolters
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Brenda S. Hijmans
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Theo H. van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Rachel Thomas
- Dutch Molecular Pathology CenterFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic DiseasesAmsterdam Gastroenterology and MetabolismAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands,Core Facility of MetabolomicsAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1213LyonFrance,University of LyonLyonFrance,University of Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Riekelt H. Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic DiseasesAmsterdam Gastroenterology and MetabolismAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands,Dutch Molecular Pathology CenterFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1213LyonFrance,University of LyonLyonFrance,University of Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands,Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Maaike H. Oosterveer
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
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Rajas F, Dentin R, Cannella Miliano A, Silva M, Raffin M, Levavasseur F, Gautier-Stein A, Postic C, Mithieux G. The absence of hepatic glucose-6 phosphatase/ChREBP couple is incompatible with survival in mice. Mol Metab 2020; 43:101108. [PMID: 33137488 PMCID: PMC7691719 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Glucose production in the blood requires the expression of glucose-6 phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme that allows glucose-6 phosphate (G6P) hydrolysis into free glucose and inorganic phosphate. We previously reported that the hepatic suppression of G6Pase leads to G6P accumulation and to metabolic reprogramming in hepatocytes from liver G6Pase-deficient mice (L.G6pc−/−). Interestingly, the activity of the transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), central for de novo lipid synthesis, is markedly activated in L.G6pc−/− mice, which consequently rapidly develop NAFLD-like pathology. In the current work, we assessed whether a selective deletion of ChREBP could prevent hepatic lipid accumulation and NAFLD initiation in L.G6pc−/− mice. Methods We generated liver-specific ChREBP (L.Chrebp−/−)- and/or G6Pase (L.G6pc−/−)-deficient mice using a Cre-lox strategy in B6.SACreERT2 mice. Mice were fed a standard chow diet or a high-fat diet for 10 days. Markers of hepatic metabolism and cellular stress were analysed in the liver of control, L. G6pc−/−, L. Chrebp−/− and double knockout (i.e., L.G6pc−/−.Chrebp−/−) mice. Results We observed that there was a dramatic decrease in lipid accumulation in the liver of L.G6pc−/−.Chrebp−/− mice. At the mechanistic level, elevated G6P concentrations caused by lack of G6Pase are rerouted towards glycogen synthesis. Importantly, this exacerbated glycogen accumulation, leading to hepatic water retention and aggravated hepatomegaly. This caused animal distress and hepatocyte damage, characterised by ballooning and moderate fibrosis, paralleled with acute endoplasmic reticulum stress. Conclusions Our study reveals the crucial role of the ChREBP-G6Pase duo in the regulation of G6P-regulated pathways in the liver. Hepatic deletion of both ChREBP and glucose-6 phosphatase collapses liver lipids. Double deletion leads to excessive glycogen storage and a liver swollen with water. Hepatic deletion of both ChREBP and glucose-6 phosphatase leads to death. Glucose-6 phosphate homeostasis in hepatocytes is a vital function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Rajas
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-1213, Lyon, France.
| | - Renaud Dentin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Marine Silva
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-1213, Lyon, France
| | - Margaux Raffin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-1213, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Postic
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-1213, Lyon, France
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Kim KM, Kim EJ, Jang WG. Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation via protein phosphatase 2A Cα dependent manner. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 124:105766. [PMID: 32416328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) is a major transcription factor of lipogenesis regulated by glucose status in the liver. However, the function of ChREBP in osteogenic differentiation is unclear. The present study examined the role of ChREBP in osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cell line. The mRNA expression of ChREBP, protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit-α (PP2A Cα) and the osteogenic genes such as, DNA-binding protein inhibitor (Id1), runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was measured by qPCR and RT-PCR. Runx2, ChREBP, and PP2A Cα, protein levels were evaluated by Western blotting. ALP staining experiment was carried out to evaluate ALP enzyme activity, and a luciferase reporter assay was performed to analyze Runx2 transcriptional activity. Expression of ChREBP and PP2A Cα did not change during bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2)-induced osteoblast differentiation. Overexpression of ChREBP reduced the osteogenic genes (Runx2 and ALP) expression and ALP activity, while knockdown of ChREBP had the opposite effects. Overexpression of PP2A Cα increased ChREBP expression, while inhibition of PP2A Cα using okadaic acid not only inhibited the expression of ChREBP, but also restored the mRNA and protein expression of Runx2 and activity of ALP enzyme. These results demonstrate that ChREBP inhibits BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation in a PP2A Cα- dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Department of Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Gu Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Shi JH, Lu JY, Chen HY, Wei CC, Xu X, Li H, Bai Q, Xia FZ, Lam SM, Zhang H, Shi YN, Cao D, Chen L, Shui G, Yang X, Lu Y, Chen YX, Zhang WJ. Liver ChREBP Protects Against Fructose-Induced Glycogenic Hepatotoxicity by Regulating L-Type Pyruvate Kinase. Diabetes 2020; 69:591-602. [PMID: 31974143 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive fructose consumption is closely linked to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor essential for fructose tolerance in mice. However, the functional significance of liver ChREBP in fructose metabolism remains unclear. Here, we show that liver ChREBP protects mice against fructose-induced hepatotoxicity by regulating liver glycogen metabolism and ATP homeostasis. Liver-specific ablation of ChREBP did not compromise fructose tolerance, but rather caused severe transaminitis and hepatomegaly with massive glycogen overload in mice fed a high-fructose diet, while no obvious inflammation, cell death, or fibrosis was detected in the liver. In addition, liver ATP contents were significantly decreased by ChREBP deficiency in the fed state, which was rendered more pronounced by fructose feeding. Mechanistically, liver contents of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), an allosteric activator of glycogen synthase, were markedly increased in the absence of liver ChREBP, while fasting-induced glycogen breakdown was not compromised. Furthermore, hepatic overexpression of LPK, a ChREBP target gene in glycolysis, could effectively rescue glycogen overload and ATP reduction, as well as mitigate fructose-induced hepatotoxicity in ChREBP-deficient mice. Taken together, our findings establish a critical role of liver ChREBP in coping with hepatic fructose stress and protecting from hepatotoxicity by regulating LPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Obesity and Diabetes Research Center, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Yu Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Obesity and Diabetes Research Center, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng-Yu Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Chun Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Obesity and Diabetes Research Center, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongfei Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Obesity and Diabetes Research Center, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Obesity and Diabetes Research Center, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiufang Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Obesity and Diabetes Research Center, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang-Zhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Obesity and Diabetes Research Center, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Obesity and Diabetes Research Center, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xia Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Obesity and Diabetes Research Center, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping J Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Obesity and Diabetes Research Center, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
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Li S, Shi B, Huang K, Wang Y. Different intracellular signalling sensitivity and cell behaviour of porcine insulin with aging. Peptides 2020; 127:170278. [PMID: 32109654 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Insulin has many important biological functions. Insulin interacts with the insulin receptor (IR) to play its physiological role and execute its functions. Here, we isolated porcine hepatocytes from young and aged pigs, which endogenously express the IR, as a model to study the intracellular signalling properties and cellular behaviour of insulin with aging. Firstly, we analysed the intracellular signal transduction that is triggered by insulin in porcine hepatocytes that were isolated from young and aged pigs and found that insulin can strongly activate insulin receptor subunit (IRS), protein kinase B (AKT), and GSK in a time- and dose-dependent manner in hepatocytes from young pigs. On the contrary, the signalling response to insulin in hepatocytes from aged pigs was significantly reduced compared to that of the young pig. Secondly, the different subcellular locations of insulin/insulin receptor (IR) may result in different biological activities, although nuclear-localized insulin/IR still could exhibit important functions and roles. We found that insulin can translocate into cell nuclei in the hepatocytes of the young pigs; however, insulin/insulin receptor fails to transports into the cell nucleus in hepatocytes from aged pigs, although insulin/insulin receptor could internalize into cell cytoplasm. In summary, in the current study, we explored and compared for the first time insulin's behaviour and signalling properties in the cells of young pig hepatocytes and aged pig hepatocytes. Furthermore, we found that the insulin signalling response in hepatocytes was significantly reduced with age; more importantly, we found that the cell behaviour of insulin was changed significantly in the hepatocytes from aged pigs compared to young pigs, and it is noteworthy that insulin/IR cannot translocate into the cell nuclei in the hepatocytes from the aged pig. This may be a potential new reason contributing to insulin resistance with aging, suggesting that we need to study the reason for insulin resistance from a new point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Li
- The Third Operating Room Of The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Shi
- Experimental Center of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Operating Room of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Nguyen P, Valanejad L, Cast A, Wright M, Garcia JM, El-Serag HB, Karns R, Timchenko NA. Elimination of Age-Associated Hepatic Steatosis and Correction of Aging Phenotype by Inhibition of cdk4-C/EBPα-p300 Axis. Cell Rep 2020; 24:1597-1609. [PMID: 30089269 PMCID: PMC8209958 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging liver is affected by several disorders, including steatosis, that can lead to a decline of liver functions. Here, we present evidence that the cdk4-C/EBPα-p300 axis is a critical regulator of age-associated disorders, including steatosis. We found that patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have increased levels of cdk4 and that cdk4-resistant C/EBPα-S193A mice do not develop hepatic steatosis with advancing age. Underlying mechanisms include a block in C/EBPα activation and subsequent failure in activation of enzymes involved in the development of NAFLD. Inhibition of cdk4 in aged wild-type (WT) mice by a specific cdk4 inhibitor, PD-0332991, reduces C/EBPα-p300 complexes and eliminates hepatic steatosis. Moreover, the inhibition of cdk4 in aged mice reverses many age-related disorders. Mechanisms of correction include elimination of cellular senescence and alterations in the chromatin structure of hepatocytes. Thus, the inhibition of cdk4 might be considered as a therapeutic approach to correct age-associated liver disorders. Nguyen et al. show that nuclear elevation of cdk4 leads to age-associated disorders, such as hepatic steatosis, and to age-dependent decline of liver functions and morphology. Elevation of cdk4 changes multiple molecular aspects of liver biology. Inhibition of cdk4 in old mice eliminates hepatic steatosis and corrects age-associated liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Leila Valanejad
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ashley Cast
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mary Wright
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jose M Garcia
- GRECC, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nikolai A Timchenko
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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31
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Rajas F, Gautier-Stein A, Mithieux G. Glucose-6 Phosphate, A Central Hub for Liver Carbohydrate Metabolism. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9120282. [PMID: 31756997 PMCID: PMC6950410 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9120282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells efficiently adjust their metabolism according to the abundance of nutrients and energy. The ability to switch cellular metabolism between anabolic and catabolic processes is critical for cell growth. Glucose-6 phosphate is the first intermediate of glucose metabolism and plays a central role in the energy metabolism of the liver. It acts as a hub to metabolically connect glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, de novo lipogenesis, and the hexosamine pathway. In this review, we describe the metabolic fate of glucose-6 phosphate in a healthy liver and the metabolic reprogramming occurring in two pathologies characterized by a deregulation of glucose homeostasis, namely type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by fasting hyperglycemia; and glycogen storage disease type I, where patients develop severe hypoglycemia during short fasting periods. In these two conditions, dysfunction of glucose metabolism results in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which may possibly lead to the development of hepatic tumors. Moreover, we also emphasize the role of the transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), known to link glucose and lipid metabolisms. In this regard, comparing these two metabolic diseases is a fruitful approach to better understand the key role of glucose-6 phosphate in liver metabolism in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, F-69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.-S.); (G.M.)
- Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Amandine Gautier-Stein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, F-69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.-S.); (G.M.)
- Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, F-69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.-S.); (G.M.)
- Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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32
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Song Z, Yang H, Zhou L, Yang F. Glucose-Sensing Transcription Factor MondoA/ChREBP as Targets for Type 2 Diabetes: Opportunities and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5132. [PMID: 31623194 PMCID: PMC6829382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is becoming a major health concern, thus searching for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies has become urgent. In last decade, the paralogous transcription factors MondoA and carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) have been revealed to be central mediators of glucose sensing in multiple metabolic organs. Under normal nutrient conditions, MondoA/ChREBP plays vital roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis. However, under chronic nutrient overload, the dysregulation of MondoA/ChREBP contributes to metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance (IR) and T2D. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding of MondoA/ChREBP and its roles in T2D development. Specifically, we will briefly summarize the functional similarities and differences between MondoA and ChREBP. Then, we will update the roles of MondoA/ChREBP in four T2D-associated metabolic organs (i.e., the skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue, and pancreas) in physiological and pathological conditions. Finally, we will discuss the opportunities and challenges of MondoA/ChREBP as drug targets for anti-diabetes. By doing so, we highlight the potential use of therapies targeting MondoA/ChREBP to counteract T2D and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Hao Yang
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Fajun Yang
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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33
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Ortega-Prieto P, Postic C. Carbohydrate Sensing Through the Transcription Factor ChREBP. Front Genet 2019; 10:472. [PMID: 31275349 PMCID: PMC6593282 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a carbohydrate-signaling transcription factor that in the past years has emerged as a central metabolic regulator. ChREBP expression is mostly abundant in active sites of de novo lipogenesis including liver and white and brown adipose tissues. ChREBP is also expressed in pancreatic islets, small intestine and to a lesser extent in the kidney and the brain. In response to glucose, ChREBP undergoes several post-translational modifications (PTMs) (phosphorylation, acetylation and/or O-GlcNAcylation) that will either modulate its cellular location, stability and/or its transcriptional activity. ChREBPβ is a shorter isoform of ChREBP that was first described in adipose tissue and later found to be expressed in other sites including liver and pancreatic β cells. ChREBPβ lacks an important regulatory inhibitory domain, known as LID (low glucose inhibitory domain), in its N-terminal domain and is therefore reported as a highly active isoform. In this review, we recapitulate a recent progress concerning the mechanisms governing the activity of the ChREBP isoforms, including PTMs, partners/cofactors as well as novel metabolic pathways regulated by ChREBP in key metabolic tissues, by discussing phenotypes associated with tissue-specific deletion of ChREBP in knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Postic
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
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34
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Nutritional Regulation of Gene Expression: Carbohydrate-, Fat- and Amino Acid-Dependent Modulation of Transcriptional Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061386. [PMID: 30893897 PMCID: PMC6470599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect changes in nutrient levels and generate an adequate response to these changes is essential for the proper functioning of living organisms. Adaptation to the high degree of variability in nutrient intake requires precise control of metabolic pathways. Mammals have developed different mechanisms to detect the abundance of nutrients such as sugars, lipids and amino acids and provide an integrated response. These mechanisms include the control of gene expression (from transcription to translation). This review reports the main molecular mechanisms that connect nutrients’ levels, gene expression and metabolism in health. The manuscript is focused on sugars’ signaling through the carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the response to fat and GCN2/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and mTORC1 pathways that sense amino acid concentrations. Frequently, alterations in these pathways underlie the onset of several metabolic pathologies such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases or cancer. In this context, the complete understanding of these mechanisms may improve our knowledge of metabolic diseases and may offer new therapeutic approaches based on nutritional interventions and individual genetic makeup.
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35
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Osataphan S, Macchi C, Singhal G, Chimene-Weiss J, Sales V, Kozuka C, Dreyfuss JM, Pan H, Tangcharoenpaisan Y, Morningstar J, Gerszten R, Patti ME. SGLT2 inhibition reprograms systemic metabolism via FGF21-dependent and -independent mechanisms. JCI Insight 2019; 4:123130. [PMID: 30843877 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibition of the renal sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 induces glycosuria and reduces glycemia. Given that SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce mortality and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes, improved understanding of molecular mechanisms mediating these metabolic effects is required. Treatment of obese but nondiabetic mice with the SGLT2i canagliflozin (CANA) reduces adiposity, improves glucose tolerance despite reduced plasma insulin, increases plasma ketones, and improves plasma lipid profiles. Utilizing an integrated transcriptomic-metabolomics approach, we demonstrate that CANA modulates key nutrient-sensing pathways, with activation of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), independent of insulin or glucagon sensitivity or signaling. Moreover, CANA induces transcriptional reprogramming to activate catabolic pathways, increase fatty acid oxidation, reduce hepatic steatosis and diacylglycerol content, and increase hepatic and plasma levels of FGF21. Given that these phenotypes mirror the effects of FGF21 to promote lipid oxidation, ketogenesis, and reduction in adiposity, we hypothesized that FGF21 is required for CANA action. Using FGF21-null mice, we demonstrate that FGF21 is not required for SGLT2i-mediated induction of lipid oxidation and ketogenesis but is required for reduction in fat mass and activation of lipolysis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that SGLT2 inhibition triggers a fasting-like transcriptional and metabolic paradigm but requires FGF21 for reduction in adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soravis Osataphan
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chiara Macchi
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Garima Singhal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy Chimene-Weiss
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vicencia Sales
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chisayo Kozuka
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hui Pan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yanin Tangcharoenpaisan
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jordan Morningstar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Gerszten
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary-Elizabeth Patti
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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36
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Santoleri D, Titchenell PM. Resolving the Paradox of Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:447-456. [PMID: 30739869 PMCID: PMC6369222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with numerous metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type II diabetes, that currently plague our society. Although insulin normally promotes anabolic metabolism in the liver by increasing glucose consumption and lipid synthesis, insulin-resistant individuals fail to inhibit hepatic glucose production and paradoxically have increased liver lipid synthesis, leading to hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Here, we detail the intrahepatic and extrahepatic pathways mediating insulin's control of glucose and lipid metabolism. We propose that the interplay between both of these pathways controls insulin signaling and that mis-regulation between the 2 results in the paradoxic effects seen in the insulin-resistant liver instead of the commonly proposed deficiencies in particular branches of only the direct hepatic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Santoleri
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul M. Titchenell
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Paul M. Titchenell, PhD, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. fax: (215) 898-5408.
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37
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Song Z, Xiaoli AM, Yang F. Regulation and Metabolic Significance of De Novo Lipogenesis in Adipose Tissues. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101383. [PMID: 30274245 PMCID: PMC6213738 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a complex and highly regulated process in which carbohydrates from circulation are converted into fatty acids that are then used for synthesizing either triglycerides or other lipid molecules. Dysregulation of DNL contributes to human diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the lipogenic pathway may provide a new therapeutic opportunity for combating various pathological conditions that are associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism. Hepatic DNL has been well documented, but lipogenesis in adipocytes and its contribution to energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity are less studied. Recent reports have gained significant insights into the signaling pathways that regulate lipogenic transcription factors and the role of DNL in adipose tissues. In this review, we will update the current knowledge of DNL in white and brown adipose tissues with the focus on transcriptional, post-translational, and central regulation of DNL. We will also summarize the recent findings of adipocyte DNL as a source of some signaling molecules that critically regulate energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Song
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Alus M Xiaoli
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Fajun Yang
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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38
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Iroz A, Montagner A, Benhamed F, Levavasseur F, Polizzi A, Anthony E, Régnier M, Fouché E, Lukowicz C, Cauzac M, Tournier E, Do-Cruzeiro M, Daujat-Chavanieu M, Gerbal-Chalouin S, Fauveau V, Marmier S, Burnol AF, Guilmeau S, Lippi Y, Girard J, Wahli W, Dentin R, Guillou H, Postic C. A Specific ChREBP and PPARα Cross-Talk Is Required for the Glucose-Mediated FGF21 Response. Cell Rep 2018; 21:403-416. [PMID: 29020627 PMCID: PMC5643524 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While the physiological benefits of the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) hepatokine are documented in response to fasting, little information is available on Fgf21 regulation in a glucose-overload context. We report that peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a nuclear receptor of the fasting response, is required with the carbohydrate-sensitive transcription factor carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) to balance FGF21 glucose response. Microarray analysis indicated that only a few hepatic genes respond to fasting and glucose similarly to Fgf21. Glucose-challenged Chrebp−/− mice exhibit a marked reduction in FGF21 production, a decrease that was rescued by re-expression of an active ChREBP isoform in the liver of Chrebp−/− mice. Unexpectedly, carbohydrate challenge of hepatic Pparα knockout mice also demonstrated a PPARα-dependent glucose response for Fgf21 that was associated with an increased sucrose preference. This blunted response was due to decreased Fgf21 promoter accessibility and diminished ChREBP binding onto Fgf21 carbohydrate-responsive element (ChoRE) in hepatocytes lacking PPARα. Our study reports that PPARα is required for the ChREBP-induced glucose response of FGF21. Fgf21 is a unique hepatic gene inducible by both catabolic and anabolic signals The ChREBP-mediated induction of Fgf21 in hepatocytes requires PPARα Loss of PPARα impairs Fgf21 promoter accessibility at the ChoRE PPARα is required for the control of sucrose preference in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Iroz
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France
| | - Fadila Benhamed
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Françoise Levavasseur
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France
| | - Elodie Anthony
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Marion Régnier
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France
| | - Edwin Fouché
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France
| | - Céline Lukowicz
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France
| | - Michèle Cauzac
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Emilie Tournier
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Marcio Do-Cruzeiro
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Martine Daujat-Chavanieu
- INSERM, U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UMR 1183, Montpellier, France; CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Gerbal-Chalouin
- INSERM, U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UMR 1183, Montpellier, France; CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Fauveau
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Solenne Marmier
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Burnol
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France
| | - Jean Girard
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Renaud Dentin
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31027, France.
| | - Catherine Postic
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75005, France.
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Linden AG, Li S, Choi HY, Fang F, Fukasawa M, Uyeda K, Hammer RE, Horton JD, Engelking LJ, Liang G. Interplay between ChREBP and SREBP-1c coordinates postprandial glycolysis and lipogenesis in livers of mice. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:475-487. [PMID: 29335275 PMCID: PMC5832931 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m081836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipogenesis in liver is highest in the postprandial state; insulin activates SREBP-1c, which transcriptionally activates genes involved in FA synthesis, whereas glucose activates carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP), which activates both glycolysis and FA synthesis. Whether SREBP-1c and ChREBP act independently of one another is unknown. Here, we characterized mice with liver-specific deletion of ChREBP (L-Chrebp−/− mice). Hepatic ChREBP deficiency resulted in reduced mRNA levels of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, particularly in response to sucrose refeeding following fasting, a dietary regimen that elicits maximal lipogenesis. mRNA and protein levels of SREBP-1c, a master transcriptional regulator of lipogenesis, were also reduced in L-Chrebp−/− livers. Adeno-associated virus-mediated restoration of nuclear SREBP-1c in L-Chrebp−/− mice normalized expression of a subset of lipogenic genes, while not affecting glycolytic genes. Conversely, ChREBP overexpression alone failed to support expression of lipogenic genes in the livers of mice lacking active SREBPs as a result of Scap deficiency. Together, these data show that SREBP-1c and ChREBP are both required for coordinated induction of glycolytic and lipogenic mRNAs. Whereas SREBP-1c mediates insulin’s induction of lipogenic genes, ChREBP mediates glucose’s induction of both glycolytic and lipogenic genes. These overlapping, but distinct, actions ensure that the liver synthesizes FAs only when insulin and carbohydrates are both present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert G Linden
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Shili Li
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Hwa Y Choi
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Fei Fang
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Masashi Fukasawa
- Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216
| | - Kosaku Uyeda
- Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216
| | - Robert E Hammer
- Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jay D Horton
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.,Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Luke J Engelking
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 .,Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Guosheng Liang
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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40
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Kim M, Astapova II, Flier SN, Hannou SA, Doridot L, Sargsyan A, Kou HH, Fowler AJ, Liang G, Herman MA. Intestinal, but not hepatic, ChREBP is required for fructose tolerance. JCI Insight 2017; 2:96703. [PMID: 29263303 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased sugar consumption is a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome including obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that responds to sugar consumption to regulate adaptive metabolic programs. Hepatic ChREBP is particularly responsive to fructose and global ChREBP-KO mice are intolerant to diets containing fructose. It has recently been suggested that ChREBP protects the liver from hepatotoxicity following high-fructose diets (HFrDs). We directly tested this hypothesis using tissue-specific ChREBP deletion. HFrD increased adiposity and impaired glucose homeostasis in control mice, responses that were prevented in liver-specific ChREBP-KO (LiChKO) mice. Moreover, LiChKO mice tolerated chronic HFrD without marked weight loss or hepatotoxicity. In contrast, intestine-specific ChREBP-KO (IChKO) mice rapidly lost weight after transition to HFrD, and this was associated with dilation of the small intestine and cecum, suggestive of malabsorption. These findings were associated with downregulation of the intestinal fructose transporter, Slc2a5, which is essential for fructose tolerance. Altogether, these results establish an essential role for intestinal, but not hepatic, ChREBP in fructose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- MiSung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Inna I Astapova
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah N Flier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah A Hannou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ludivine Doridot
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashot Sargsyan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Henry H Kou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alan J Fowler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guosheng Liang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mark A Herman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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41
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Abdul-Wahed A, Guilmeau S, Postic C. Sweet Sixteenth for ChREBP: Established Roles and Future Goals. Cell Metab 2017; 26:324-341. [PMID: 28768172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the identification of ChREBP in 2001, our interest in understanding the molecular control of carbohydrate sensing has surged. While ChREBP was initially studied as a master regulator of lipogenesis in liver and fat tissue, it is now clear that ChREBP functions as a central metabolic coordinator in a variety of cell types in response to environmental and hormonal signals, with wide implications in health and disease. Celebrating its sweet sixteenth birthday, we review here the current knowledge about the function and regulation of ChREBP throughout usual and less explored tissues, to recapitulate ChREBP's role as a whole-body glucose sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abdul-Wahed
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
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