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Weber CF, Kebets V, Benkarim O, Lariviere S, Wang Y, Ngo A, Jiang H, Chai X, Park BY, Milham MP, Di Martino A, Valk S, Hong SJ, Bernhardt BC. Contracted functional connectivity profiles in autism. Mol Autism 2024; 15:38. [PMID: 39261969 PMCID: PMC11391747 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-024-00616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that is associated with atypical brain network organization, with prior work suggesting differential connectivity alterations with respect to functional connection length. Here, we tested whether functional connectopathy in ASD specifically relates to disruptions in long- relative to short-range functional connections. Our approach combined functional connectomics with geodesic distance mapping, and we studied associations to macroscale networks, microarchitectural patterns, as well as socio-demographic and clinical phenotypes. METHODS We studied 211 males from three sites of the ABIDE-I dataset comprising 103 participants with an ASD diagnosis (mean ± SD age = 20.8 ± 8.1 years) and 108 neurotypical controls (NT, 19.2 ± 7.2 years). For each participant, we computed cortex-wide connectivity distance (CD) measures by combining geodesic distance mapping with resting-state functional connectivity profiling. We compared CD between ASD and NT participants using surface-based linear models, and studied associations with age, symptom severity, and intelligence scores. We contextualized CD alterations relative to canonical networks and explored spatial associations with functional and microstructural cortical gradients as well as cytoarchitectonic cortical types. RESULTS Compared to NT, ASD participants presented with widespread reductions in CD, generally indicating shorter average connection length and thus suggesting reduced long-range connectivity but increased short-range connections. Peak reductions were localized in transmodal systems (i.e., heteromodal and paralimbic regions in the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal and temporo-parieto-occipital cortex), and effect sizes correlated with the sensory-transmodal gradient of brain function. ASD-related CD reductions appeared consistent across inter-individual differences in age and symptom severity, and we observed a positive correlation of CD to IQ scores. LIMITATIONS Despite rigorous harmonization across the three different acquisition sites, heterogeneity in autism poses a potential limitation to the generalizability of our results. Additionally, we focussed male participants, warranting future studies in more balanced cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed reductions in CD as a relatively stable imaging phenotype of ASD that preferentially impacted paralimbic and heteromodal association systems. CD reductions in ASD corroborate previous reports of ASD-related imbalance between short-range overconnectivity and long-range underconnectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara F Weber
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Valeria Kebets
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Oualid Benkarim
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Lariviere
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yezhou Wang
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexander Ngo
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hongxiu Jiang
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaoqian Chai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bo-Yong Park
- Department of Data Science, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Research, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Michael P Milham
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, USA
| | | | - Sofie Valk
- Cognitive Neurogenetics Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Seok-Jun Hong
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Research, Suwon, South Korea
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Opancina V, Sebek V, Janjic V. Advanced neuroimaging and criminal interrogation in lie detection. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20241032. [PMID: 39247439 PMCID: PMC11377981 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hidden information is the key to many security issues. If there is a reliable method to determine whether someone withholds information, many issues of this type can be resolved. However, until now, no method has proven to be reliable, but technical discoveries in the field of neuroimaging have caused a surge of new research in this area. Many neuroimaging techniques can be used, but functional magnetic resonance is the newest method, and its use in extracting and evaluating information from subjects could be the most significant, given that it records brain states in parallel with current mental activity/behavior, enabling the establishment of correlational links between them. Because the brain state displayed during fMRI imaging is the dependent variable measured during stimulus/task condition manipulation, it is necessary to use fMRI data in combination with complementary criminal interrogation techniques to gather information. This could be particularly important when standard interrogational techniques are not enough in order to preserve the common good, especially in "ticking bomb" situations. In this study, we review aspects of the possibility of utilizing advanced neuroimaging in combination with criminal interrogation in cases of serious criminal acts that threaten public safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Opancina
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Sebek
- Department of Criminalistics, Faculty of law, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Regional police directorate of Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia, Police Directorate, Ministry of interior, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Janjic
- Department of Communication Skills, Ethics and Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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3
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Ceja IFT, Gladytz T, Starke L, Tabelow K, Niendorf T, Reimann HM. Precision fMRI and cluster-failure in the individual brain. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26813. [PMID: 39185695 PMCID: PMC11345700 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in neuroimaging acquisition protocols and denoising techniques, along with increasing magnetic field strengths, have dramatically improved the temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR) in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This permits spatial resolution with submillimeter voxel sizes and ultrahigh temporal resolution and opens a route toward performing precision fMRI in the brains of individuals. Yet ultrahigh spatial and temporal resolution comes at a cost: it reduces tSNR and, therefore, the sensitivity to the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) effect and other functional contrasts across the brain. Here we investigate the potential of various smoothing filters to improve BOLD sensitivity while preserving the spatial accuracy of activated clusters in single-subject analysis. We introduce adaptive-weight smoothing with optimized metrics (AWSOM), which addresses this challenge extremely well. AWSOM employs a local inference approach that is as sensitive as cluster-corrected inference of data smoothed with large Gaussian kernels, but it preserves spatial details across multiple tSNR levels. This is essential for examining whole-brain fMRI data because tSNR varies across the entire brain, depending on the distance of a brain region from the receiver coil, the type of setup, acquisition protocol, preprocessing, and resolution. We found that cluster correction in single subjects results in inflated family-wise error and false positive rates. AWSOM effectively suppresses false positives while remaining sensitive even to small clusters of activated voxels. Furthermore, it preserves signal integrity, that is, the relative activation strength of significant voxels, making it a valuable asset for a wide range of fMRI applications. Here we demonstrate these features and make AWSOM freely available to the research community for download.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Fabian Tellez Ceja
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.)BerlinGermany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Gladytz
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.)BerlinGermany
| | - Ludger Starke
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.)BerlinGermany
| | - Karsten Tabelow
- Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and StochasticsBerlinGermany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.)BerlinGermany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), A Joint Cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max‐Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
| | - Henning Matthias Reimann
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.)BerlinGermany
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4
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Lum JAG, Barham MP, Hill AT. Pupillometry reveals resting state alpha power correlates with individual differences in adult auditory language comprehension. Cortex 2024; 177:1-14. [PMID: 38821014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Although individual differences in adult language processing are well-documented, the neural basis of this variability remains largely unexplored. The current study addressed this gap in the literature by examining the relationship between resting state alpha activity and individual differences in auditory language comprehension. Alpha oscillations modulate cortical excitability, facilitating efficient information processing in the brain. While resting state alpha oscillations have been tied to individual differences in cognitive performance, their association with auditory language comprehension is less clear. Participants in the study were 80 healthy adults with a mean age of 25.8 years (SD = 7.2 years). Resting state alpha activity was acquired using electroencephalography while participants looked at a benign stimulus for 3 min. Participants then completed a language comprehension task that involved listening to 'syntactically simple' subject-relative clause sentences and 'syntactically complex' object-relative clause sentences. Pupillometry measured real-time processing demand changes, with larger pupil dilation indicating increased processing loads. Replicating past research, comprehending object relative clauses, compared to subject relative clauses, was associated with lower accuracy, slower reaction times, and larger pupil dilation. Resting state alpha power was found to be positively correlated with the pupillometry data. That is, participants with higher resting state alpha activity evidenced larger dilation during sentence comprehension. This effect was more pronounced for the 'complex' object sentences compared to the 'simple' subject sentences. These findings suggest the brain's capacity to generate a robust resting alpha rhythm contributes to variability in processing demands associated with auditory language comprehension, especially when faced with challenging syntactic structures. More generally, the study demonstrates that the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain likely influences individual differences in language comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrad A G Lum
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia.
| | - Michael P Barham
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Aron T Hill
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
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5
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De Pascalis V. Brain Functional Correlates of Resting Hypnosis and Hypnotizability: A Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:115. [PMID: 38391691 PMCID: PMC10886478 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the cognitive neuroscience of hypnosis and variations in hypnotizability by examining research employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalography (EEG) methods. Key focus areas include functional brain imaging correlations in hypnosis, EEG band oscillations as indicators of hypnotic states, alterations in EEG functional connectivity during hypnosis and wakefulness, drawing critical conclusions, and suggesting future research directions. The reviewed functional connectivity findings support the notion that disruptions in the available integration between different components of the executive control network during hypnosis may correspond to altered subjective appraisals of the agency during the hypnotic response, as per dissociated and cold control theories of hypnosis. A promising exploration avenue involves investigating how frontal lobes' neurochemical and aperiodic components of the EEG activity at waking-rest are linked to individual differences in hypnotizability. Future studies investigating the effects of hypnosis on brain function should prioritize examining distinctive activation patterns across various neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilfredo De Pascalis
- Department of Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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6
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Chen DY, Di X, Biswal B. Cerebrovascular reactivity increases across development in multiple networks as revealed by a breath-holding task: A longitudinal fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26515. [PMID: 38183372 PMCID: PMC10789211 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used to understand the neurodevelopmental changes that occur in cognition and behavior across childhood. The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal obtained from fMRI is understood to be comprised of both neuronal and vascular information. However, it is unclear whether the vascular response is altered across age in studies investigating development in children. Since the breath-hold (BH) task is commonly used to understand cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in fMRI studies, it can be used to account for developmental differences in vascular response. This study examines how the cerebrovascular response changes over age in a longitudinal children's BH data set from the Nathan Kline Institute (NKI) Rockland Sample (aged 6-18 years old at enrollment). A general linear model approach was applied to derive CVR from BH data. To model both the longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on BH response, we used mixed-effects modeling with the following terms: linear, quadratic, logarithmic, and quadratic-logarithmic, to find the best-fitting model. We observed increased BH BOLD signals in multiple networks across age, in which linear and logarithmic mixed-effects models provided the best fit with the lowest Akaike information criterion scores. This shows that the cerebrovascular response increases across development in a brain network-specific manner. Therefore, fMRI studies investigating the developmental period should account for cerebrovascular changes that occur with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Y. Chen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNew JerseyUSA
- Rutgers Biomedical and Health SciencesRutgers School of Graduate StudiesNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Xin Di
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Bharat Biswal
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNew JerseyUSA
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7
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Munting LP, Bonnar O, Kozberg MG, Auger CA, Hirschler L, Hou SS, Greenberg SM, Bacskai BJ, van Veluw SJ. Spontaneous vasomotion propagates along pial arterioles in the awake mouse brain like stimulus-evoked vascular reactivity. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1752-1763. [PMID: 36655606 PMCID: PMC10581232 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231152550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sensory stimulation evokes a local, vasodilation-mediated blood flow increase to the activated brain region, which is referred to as functional hyperemia. Spontaneous vasomotion is a change in arteriolar diameter that occurs without sensory stimulation, at low frequency (∼0.1 Hz). These vessel diameter changes are a driving force for perivascular soluble waste clearance, the failure of which has been implicated in neurodegenerative disease. Stimulus-evoked vascular reactivity is known to propagate along penetrating arterioles to pial arterioles, but it is unclear whether spontaneous vasomotion propagates similarly. We therefore imaged both stimulus-evoked and spontaneous changes in pial arteriole diameter in awake, head-fixed mice with 2-photon microscopy. By cross-correlating different regions of interest (ROIs) along the length of imaged arterioles, we assessed vasomotion propagation. We found that both during rest and during visual stimulation, one-third of the arterioles showed significant propagation (i.e., a wave), with a median (interquartile range) wave speed of 405 (323) µm/s at rest and 345 (177) µm/s during stimulation. In a second group of mice, with GCaMP expression in their vascular smooth muscle cells, we also found spontaneous propagation of calcium signaling along pial arterioles. In summary, we demonstrate that spontaneous vasomotion propagates along pial arterioles like stimulus-evoked vascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon P Munting
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Orla Bonnar
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Mariel G Kozberg
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corinne A Auger
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Lydiane Hirschler
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Steven S Hou
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Susanne J van Veluw
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Aberizk K, Sefik E, Addington J, Anticevic A, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, Keshavan M, Mathalon DH, Perkins DO, Stone WS, Tsuang MT, Woods SW, Walker EF. Hippocampal Connectivity with the Default Mode Network is Linked to Hippocampal Volume in the Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Syndrome and Healthy Individuals. Clin Psychol Sci 2023; 11:801-818. [PMID: 37981950 PMCID: PMC10656030 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221138819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Reduced hippocampal volume (HV) is an established brain morphological feature of psychiatric conditions. HV is associated with brain connectivity in humans and non-human animals and altered connectivity is associated with risk for psychiatric illness. Associations between HV and connectivity remain poorly characterized in humans, and especially in phases of psychiatric illness that precede disease onset. This study examined associations between HV and hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) during rest in 141 healthy controls and 248 individuals at-risk for psychosis. Significant inverse associations between HV and hippocampal FC with the inferior parietal lobe (IPL) and thalamus were observed. Select associations between hippocampal FC and HV were moderated by diagnostic group. Significant moderation results shifted from implicating the IPL to the temporal pole after excluding participants on antipsychotic medication. Considered together, this work implicates hippocampal FC with the temporoparietal junction, within a specialized subsystem of the default mode network, as sensitive to HV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Aberizk
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Esra Sefik
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diana O. Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William S. Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott W. Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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9
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Kesler SR, Henneghan AM, Prinsloo S, Palesh O, Wintermark M. Neuroimaging based biotypes for precision diagnosis and prognosis in cancer-related cognitive impairment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1199605. [PMID: 37720513 PMCID: PMC10499624 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1199605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is commonly associated with cancer and its treatments, yet the present binary diagnostic approach fails to capture the full spectrum of this syndrome. Cognitive function is highly complex and exists on a continuum that is poorly characterized by dichotomous categories. Advanced statistical methodologies applied to symptom assessments have demonstrated that there are multiple subclasses of CRCI. However, studies suggest that relying on symptom assessments alone may fail to account for significant differences in the neural mechanisms that underlie a specific cognitive phenotype. Treatment plans that address the specific physiologic mechanisms involved in an individual patient's condition is the heart of precision medicine. In this narrative review, we discuss how biotyping, a precision medicine framework being utilized in other mental disorders, could be applied to CRCI. Specifically, we discuss how neuroimaging can be used to determine biotypes of CRCI, which allow for increased precision in prediction and diagnosis of CRCI via biologic mechanistic data. Biotypes may also provide more precise clinical endpoints for intervention trials. Biotyping could be made more feasible with proxy imaging technologies or liquid biomarkers. Large cross-sectional phenotyping studies are needed in addition to evaluation of longitudinal trajectories, and data sharing/pooling is highly feasible with currently available digital infrastructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelli R. Kesler
- Division of Adult Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Oncology, Dell School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Ashley M. Henneghan
- Division of Adult Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Oncology, Dell School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sarah Prinsloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Oxana Palesh
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Max Wintermark
- Department of Neuroradiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX, United States
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10
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Carlson BM, Mitchell BA, Dougherty K, Westerberg JA, Cox MA, Maier A. Does V1 response suppression initiate binocular rivalry? iScience 2023; 26:107359. [PMID: 37520732 PMCID: PMC10382945 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During binocular rivalry (BR) only one eye's view is perceived. Neural underpinnings of BR are debated. Recent studies suggest that primary visual cortex (V1) initiates BR. One trigger might be response suppression across most V1 neurons at the onset of BR. Here, we utilize a variant of BR called binocular rivalry flash suppression (BRFS) to test this hypothesis. BRFS is identical to BR, except stimuli are shown with a ∼1s delay. If V1 response suppression was required to initiate BR, it should occur during BRFS as well. To test this, we compared V1 spiking in two macaques observing BRFS. We found that BRFS resulted in response facilitation rather than response suppression across V1 neurons. However, BRFS still reduces responses in a subset of V1 neurons due to the adaptive effects of asynchronous stimulus presentation. We argue that this selective response suppression could serve as an alternate initiator of BR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock M. Carlson
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Blake A. Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kacie Dougherty
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Psychology, Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Jacob A. Westerberg
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Vision and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Michele A. Cox
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Alexander Maier
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Carmichael O. The Role of fMRI in Drug Development: An Update. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 30:299-333. [PMID: 36928856 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21054-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain is a technology that holds great potential for increasing the efficiency of drug development for the central nervous system (CNS). In preclinical studies and both early- and late-phase human trials, fMRI has the potential to improve cross-species translation of drug effects, help to de-risk compounds early in development, and contribute to the portfolio of evidence for a compound's efficacy and mechanism of action. However, to date, the utilization of fMRI in the CNS drug development process has been limited. The purpose of this chapter is to explore this mismatch between potential and utilization. This chapter provides introductory material related to fMRI and drug development, describes what is required of fMRI measurements for them to be useful in a drug development setting, lists current capabilities of fMRI in this setting and challenges faced in its utilization, and ends with directions for future development of capabilities in this arena. This chapter is the 5-year update of material from a previously published workshop summary (Carmichael et al., Drug DiscovToday 23(2):333-348, 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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12
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Weder BJ. Mindfulness in the focus of the neurosciences - The contribution of neuroimaging to the understanding of mindfulness. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:928522. [PMID: 36325155 PMCID: PMC9622333 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.928522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness affects human levels of experience by facilitating the immediate and impartial perception of phenomena, including sensory stimulation, emotions, and thoughts. Mindfulness is now a focus of neuroimaging, since technical and methodological developments in magnetic resonance imaging have made it possible to observe subjects performing mindfulness tasks. OBJECTIVE We set out to describe the association between mental processes and characteristics of mindfulness, including their specific cerebral patterns, as shown in structural and functional neuroimaging studies. METHODS We searched the MEDLINE databank of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics via PubMed using the keywords: "mindfulness," "focused attention (FA)," "open monitoring (OM)," "mind wandering," "emotional regulation," "magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)" and "default mode network (DMN)." This review extracted phenomenological experiences across populations with varying degrees of mindfulness training and correlated these experiences with structural and functional neuroimaging patterns. Our goal was to describe how mindful behavior was processed by the constituents of the default mode network during specific tasks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Depending on the research paradigm employed to explore mindfulness, investigations of function that used fMRI exhibited distinct activation patterns and functional connectivities. Basic to mindfulness is a long-term process of learning to use meditation techniques. Meditators progress from voluntary control of emotions and subjective preferences to emotional regulation and impartial awareness of phenomena. As their ability to monitor perception and behavior, a metacognitive skill, improves, mindfulness increases self-specifying thoughts governed by the experiential phenomenological self and reduces self-relational thoughts of the narrative self. The degree of mindfulness (ratio of self-specifying to self-relational thoughts) may affect other mental processes, e.g., awareness, working memory, mind wandering and belief formation. Mindfulness prevents habituation and the constant assumptions associated with mindlessness. Self-specifying thinking during mindfulness and self-relational thinking in the narrative self relies on the default mode network. The main constituents of this network are the dorsal and medial prefrontal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex. These midline structures are antagonistic to self-specifying and self-relational processes, since the predominant process determines their differential involvement. Functional and brain volume changes indicate brain plasticity, mediated by mental training over the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno J. Weder
- Support Centre for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Macaulay TR, Hegarty A, Yan L, Duncan D, Pa J, Kutch JJ, La Rocca M, Lane CJ, Schroeder ET. Effects of a 12-Week Periodized Resistance Training Program on Resting Brain Activity and Cerebrovascular Function: A Nonrandomized Pilot Trial. Neurosci Insights 2022; 17:26331055221119441. [PMID: 35983377 PMCID: PMC9379950 DOI: 10.1177/26331055221119441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance training is a promising strategy to promote healthy cognitive aging; however, the brain mechanisms by which resistance training benefits cognition have yet to be determined. Here, we examined the effects of a 12-week resistance training program on resting brain activity and cerebrovascular function in 20 healthy older adults (14 females, mean age 69.1 years). In this single group clinical trial, multimodal 3 T magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3 time points: baseline (preceding a 12-week control period), pre-intervention, and post-intervention. Along with significant improvements in fluid cognition (d = 1.27), 4 significant voxelwise clusters were identified for decreases in resting brain activity after the intervention (Cerebellum, Right Middle Temporal Gyrus, Left Inferior Parietal Lobule, and Right Inferior Parietal Lobule), but none were identified for changes in resting cerebral blood flow. Using a separate region of interest approach, we provide estimates for improved cerebral blood flow, compared with declines over the initial control period, in regions associated with cognitive impairment, such as hippocampal blood flow (d = 0.40), and posterior cingulate blood flow (d = 0.61). Finally, resistance training had a small countermeasure effect on the age-related progression of white matter lesion volume (rank-biserial = -0.22), a biomarker of cerebrovascular disease. These proof-of-concept data support larger trials to determine whether resistance training can attenuate or even reverse salient neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Macaulay
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical
Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
CA, USA,Timothy R Macaulay, Division of
Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of
Southern California, 1540 E. Alcazar Street, CHP149, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Amy Hegarty
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical
Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
CA, USA
| | - Lirong Yan
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and
Informatics Institute, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dominique Duncan
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and
Informatics Institute, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Judy Pa
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and
Informatics Institute, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason J Kutch
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical
Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
CA, USA
| | - Marianna La Rocca
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and
Informatics Institute, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christianne J Lane
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica,
Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - E Todd Schroeder
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical
Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
CA, USA
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14
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Kosten L, Emmi SA, Missault S, Keliris GA. Combining magnetic resonance imaging with readout and/or perturbation of neural activity in animal models: Advantages and pitfalls. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:938665. [PMID: 35911983 PMCID: PMC9334914 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.938665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges in brain research is to link all aspects of brain function: on a cellular, systemic, and functional level. Multimodal neuroimaging methodology provides a continuously evolving platform. Being able to combine calcium imaging, optogenetics, electrophysiology, chemogenetics, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as part of the numerous efforts on brain functional mapping, we have a unique opportunity to better understand brain function. This review will focus on the developments in application of these tools within fMRI studies and highlight the challenges and choices neurosciences face when designing multimodal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kosten
- Bio-Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Serena Alexa Emmi
- Bio-Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stephan Missault
- Bio-Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Georgios A. Keliris
- Bio-Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Foundation for Research & Technology – Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
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15
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Barroca NCB, Della Santa G, Suchecki D, García-Cairasco N, Umeoka EHDL. Challenges in the use of animal models and perspectives for a translational view of stress and psychopathologies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104771. [PMID: 35817171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The neurobiology and development of treatments for stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders rely heavily on animal models. However, the complexity of these disorders makes it difficult to model them entirely, so only specific features of human psychopathology are emulated and these models should be used with great caution. Importantly, the effects of stress depend on multiple factors, like duration, context of exposure, and individual variability. Here we present a review on pre-clinical studies of stress-related disorders, especially those developed to model posttraumatic stress disorder, major depression, and anxiety. Animal models provide relevant evidence of the underpinnings of these disorders, as long as face, construct, and predictive validities are fulfilled. The translational challenges faced by scholars include reductionism and anthropomorphic/anthropocentric interpretation of the results instead of a more naturalistic and evolutionary understanding of animal behavior that must be overcome to offer a meaningful model. Other limitations are low statistical power of analysis, poor evaluation of individual variability, sex differences, and possible conflicting effects of stressors depending on specific windows in the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Cobra Barreiro Barroca
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Della Santa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Deborah Suchecki
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto García-Cairasco
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Henrique de Lima Umeoka
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; School of Medicine, University Center UniCerrado, Goiatuba, GO, Brazil
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16
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Mills-Finnerty C, Frangos E, Allen K, Komisaruk B, Wise N. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies in Sexual Medicine: A Primer. J Sex Med 2022; 19:1073-1089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Biswas T, Fitzgerald JE. Geometric framework to predict structure from function in neural networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH 2022; 4:023255. [PMID: 37635906 PMCID: PMC10456994 DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.4.023255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Neural computation in biological and artificial networks relies on the nonlinear summation of many inputs. The structural connectivity matrix of synaptic weights between neurons is a critical determinant of overall network function, but quantitative links between neural network structure and function are complex and subtle. For example, many networks can give rise to similar functional responses, and the same network can function differently depending on context. Whether certain patterns of synaptic connectivity are required to generate specific network-level computations is largely unknown. Here we introduce a geometric framework for identifying synaptic connections required by steady-state responses in recurrent networks of threshold-linear neurons. Assuming that the number of specified response patterns does not exceed the number of input synapses, we analytically calculate the solution space of all feedforward and recurrent connectivity matrices that can generate the specified responses from the network inputs. A generalization accounting for noise further reveals that the solution space geometry can undergo topological transitions as the allowed error increases, which could provide insight into both neuroscience and machine learning. We ultimately use this geometric characterization to derive certainty conditions guaranteeing a nonzero synapse between neurons. Our theoretical framework could thus be applied to neural activity data to make rigorous anatomical predictions that follow generally from the model architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirthabir Biswas
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA
- Department of Physics, Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - James E. Fitzgerald
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA
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18
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Sirmpilatze N, Mylius J, Ortiz-Rios M, Baudewig J, Paasonen J, Golkowski D, Ranft A, Ilg R, Gröhn O, Boretius S. Spatial signatures of anesthesia-induced burst-suppression differ between primates and rodents. eLife 2022; 11:e74813. [PMID: 35607889 PMCID: PMC9129882 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During deep anesthesia, the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal of the brain alternates between bursts of activity and periods of relative silence (suppressions). The origin of burst-suppression and its distribution across the brain remain matters of debate. In this work, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the brain areas involved in anesthesia-induced burst-suppression across four mammalian species: humans, long-tailed macaques, common marmosets, and rats. At first, we determined the fMRI signatures of burst-suppression in human EEG-fMRI data. Applying this method to animal fMRI datasets, we found distinct burst-suppression signatures in all species. The burst-suppression maps revealed a marked inter-species difference: in rats, the entire neocortex engaged in burst-suppression, while in primates most sensory areas were excluded-predominantly the primary visual cortex. We anticipate that the identified species-specific fMRI signatures and whole-brain maps will guide future targeted studies investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of burst-suppression in unconscious states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoloz Sirmpilatze
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGöttingenGermany
- Georg-August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- International Max Planck Research School for NeurosciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Judith Mylius
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGöttingenGermany
| | - Michael Ortiz-Rios
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGöttingenGermany
| | - Jürgen Baudewig
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGöttingenGermany
| | - Jaakko Paasonen
- A.I.V. Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Daniel Golkowski
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Ranft
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Rüdiger Ilg
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Department of Neurology, Asklepios Stadtklinik Bad TölzBad TölzGermany
| | - Olli Gröhn
- A.I.V. Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Susann Boretius
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGöttingenGermany
- Georg-August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- International Max Planck Research School for NeurosciencesGöttingenGermany
- Leibniz Science Campus Primate CognitionGöttingenGermany
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19
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Hugdahl K, Craven AR, Johnsen E, Ersland L, Stoyanov D, Kandilarova S, Brunvoll Sandøy L, Kroken RA, Løberg EM, Sommer IEC. Neural Activation in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Precedes Conscious Experience of Being in or out of a Transient Hallucinatory State. Schizophr Bull 2022; 49:S58-S67. [PMID: 35596662 PMCID: PMC9960028 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) is not only a common symptom in schizophrenia but also observed in individuals in the general population. Despite extensive research, AVHs are poorly understood, especially their underlying neuronal architecture. Neuroimaging methods have been used to identify brain areas and networks that are activated during hallucinations. A characteristic feature of AVHs is, however, that they fluctuate over time, with varying frequencies of starts and stops. An unanswered question is, therefore, what neuronal events co-occur with the initiation and inhibition of an AVH episode. STUDY DESIGN We investigated brain activation with fMRI in 66 individuals who experienced multiple AVH-episodes while in the scanner. We extracted time-series fMRI-data and monitored changes second-by-second from 10 s before to 15 s after participants indicated the start and stop of an episode, respectively, by pressing a hand-held response-button. STUDY RESULTS We found a region in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) which showed a significant increase in activation initiated a few seconds before participants indicated the start of an episode, and a corresponding decrease in activation initiated a few seconds before the end of an episode. CONCLUSIONS The consistent increase and decrease in activation in this area in advance of the consciously experienced presence or absence of the "voice" imply that this region may act as a switch in turning episodes on and off. The activation is unlikely to be confounded by motor responses. The findings could have clinical implications for brain stimulation treatments, like transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Hugdahl
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; IBMP, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway; tel: +47-91181062, e-mail:
| | - Alexander R Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,NORMENT Center for the Study of Mental Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Ersland
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Drozdstoy Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, and Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Sevdalina Kandilarova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, and Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Lydia Brunvoll Sandøy
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune A Kroken
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,NORMENT Center for the Study of Mental Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Else-Marie Løberg
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,NORMENT Center for the Study of Mental Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Rijks Universiteit Groningen (RUG), Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems and Department of Psychiatry, University Medical CenterGroningen (UMCG), Netherlands
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20
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Cruttenden CE, Taylor JM, Ahmadi M, Zhang Y, Zhu XH, Chen W, Rajamani R. Reference-Free Adaptive Filtering of Extracellular Neural Signals Recording in Ultra-High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanners: Removal of Periodic Interferences. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022; 71:102758. [PMID: 35069775 PMCID: PMC8782249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the removal of periodic artifacts from neural signals recorded in rats in ultra-high field (UHF) MRI scanners, using a reference free adaptive feedforward method. Recording extracellular neural signals in the UHF environment is motivated by the desire to combine neural recording and UHF functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to better understand brain function. However, the neural signals are found to have extremely high noise artifacts of a periodic nature due to electromagnetic interference and due to small oscillatory motions. In particular, noise at 60 Hz and several harmonics of 60 Hz, sinusoidal noise from a pump, and low frequency breathing motion artifacts are observed. Due to significant overlap between the noise frequencies and the neural frequency region of interest, band pass filters cannot be effectively utilized in this application. Hence, this paper develops adaptive least squares feedforward cancellation filters to remove the periodic artifacts. The interference fundamental frequency is identified precisely using an implementation of k-means in an iterative approach. The paper includes significant animal data from rats recorded in an IACUC-approved procedure in 9.4T and 16.4T MRI machines. For breathing artifacts filtered from 4 rats, the mean signal cancellation values at the harmonic interference frequencies are 5.18, 12.97, and 20.87 dB/Hz for a sliding template subtraction, a single-stage impulse reference method, and the cascaded adaptive filtering approach respectively. For pump artifacts filtered from 2 chronically implanted rats, mean signal cancellation values are 2.85, 9.52 and 12.06 dB/Hz respectively. The experimental results show that periodic noise is very effectively removed by the developed cascaded adaptive least squares feedforward algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey E. Cruttenden
- University of Minnesota Department of Mechanical Engineering, 111 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,University of Minnesota Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, 2021 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Jennifer M. Taylor
- University of Minnesota Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, 2021 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,University of Minnesota Department of Biomedical Engineering, 312 Church St. SE, Minneapolis MN 55455
| | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- University of Minnesota Department of Mechanical Engineering, 111 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Yi Zhang
- University of Minnesota Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, 2021 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhu
- University of Minnesota Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, 2021 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Wei Chen
- University of Minnesota Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, 2021 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Rajesh Rajamani
- University of Minnesota Department of Mechanical Engineering, 111 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Correspondence
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21
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Chatzichristos C, Kofidis E, Van Paesschen W, De Lathauwer L, Theodoridis S, Van Huffel S. Early soft and flexible fusion of electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging via double coupled matrix tensor factorization for multisubject group analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:1231-1255. [PMID: 34806255 PMCID: PMC8837580 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Data fusion refers to the joint analysis of multiple datasets that provide different (e.g., complementary) views of the same task. In general, it can extract more information than separate analyses can. Jointly analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements has been proved to be highly beneficial to the study of the brain function, mainly because these neuroimaging modalities have complementary spatiotemporal resolution: EEG offers good temporal resolution while fMRI is better in its spatial resolution. The EEG–fMRI fusion methods that have been reported so far ignore the underlying multiway nature of the data in at least one of the modalities and/or rely on very strong assumptions concerning the relation of the respective datasets. For example, in multisubject analysis, it is commonly assumed that the hemodynamic response function is a priori known for all subjects and/or the coupling across corresponding modes is assumed to be exact (hard). In this article, these two limitations are overcome by adopting tensor models for both modalities and by following soft and flexible coupling approaches to implement the multimodal fusion. The obtained results are compared against those of parallel independent component analysis and hard coupling alternatives, with both synthetic and real data (epilepsy and visual oddball paradigm). Our results demonstrate the clear advantage of using soft and flexible coupled tensor decompositions in scenarios that do not conform with the hard coupling assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Chatzichristos
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eleftherios Kofidis
- Department of Statistics and Insurance Science, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece.,Computer Technology Institute and Press "Diophantus" (CTI), Patras, Greece
| | | | - Lieven De Lathauwer
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Engineering, Science and Technology, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Sergios Theodoridis
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Electronic Systems, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sabine Van Huffel
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Rischka L, Godbersen GM, Pichler V, Michenthaler P, Klug S, Klöbl M, Ritter V, Wadsak W, Hacker M, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R, Hahn A. Reliability of task-specific neuronal activation assessed with functional PET, ASL and BOLD imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2986-2999. [PMID: 34078145 PMCID: PMC8545051 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211020589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mapping the neuronal response during cognitive processing is of crucial importance to gain new insights into human brain function. BOLD imaging and ASL are established MRI methods in this endeavor. Recently, the novel approach of functional PET (fPET) was introduced, enabling absolute quantification of glucose metabolism at rest and during task execution in a single measurement. Here, we report test-retest reliability of fPET in direct comparison to BOLD imaging and ASL. Twenty healthy subjects underwent two PET/MRI measurements, providing estimates of glucose metabolism, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygenation. A cognitive task was employed with different levels of difficulty requiring visual-motor coordination. Task-specific neuronal activation was robustly detected with all three imaging approaches. The highest reliability was obtained for glucose metabolism at rest. Although this dropped during task performance it was still comparable to that of CBF. In contrast, BOLD imaging yielded high performance only for qualitative spatial overlap of task effects but not for quantitative comparison. Hence, the combined assessment of fPET and ASL offers reliable and simultaneous absolute quantification of glucose metabolism and CBF at rest and task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Rischka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Godber M Godbersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Michenthaler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Klug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Klöbl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vera Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Ebrahimi T, Tafakhori A, Hashemi H, Ali Oghabian M. An interictal measurement of cerebral oxygen extraction fraction in MRI-negative refractory epilepsy using quantitative susceptibility mapping. Phys Med 2021; 85:87-97. [PMID: 33984822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) can be a factor to identify brain tissue's disability in epileptic patients. This study aimed to assess the OEF's level measurement in refractory epileptic patients (REPs) using a quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) method and to determine whether the OEF parameters change. METHODS QSM-OEF maps of 26 REPs and 16 healthy subjects were acquired using 3T MRI with a 64-channel coil. Eighteen regions-of-interest (ROIs) were chosen around the cortex in one appropriate slice of the brain and the mean QSM-OEF for each ROI was obtained. The correlations of QSM-OEF among different clinical characteristics of the disease, as well as between the patients and normal subjects, were also investigated. RESULTS QSM-OEF was shown to be significantly higher in REPs (44.9 ± 5.8) than that in HS (41.9 ± 6.2) (p < 0.05). Mean QSM-OEF was statistically lower in the ipsilateral side (44.5 ± 6.6) compared to the contralateral side (46.4 ± 6.8) (P < 0.01). QSM-OEF was illustrated to have a strong positive correlation with the attack duration (r = 0.6), and a moderate negative correlation with the attack frequency (r = -0.3). Using an optimized support vector machine algorithm, we could predict the disease in subjects having abnormal OEF values in the brain-selected-ROIs with sensitivity, specificity, AUC, and the precision of 0.96, 1, 0.98, and 1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed that QSM-OEF of the REPs' brain is higher than that of HS, which indicates that QSM-OEF is associated with disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyebeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research (ICNR), Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Oghabian
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Mervin LH, Mitricheva E, Logothetis NK, Bifone A, Bender A, Noori HR. Neurochemical underpinning of hemodynamic response to neuropsychiatric drugs: A meta- and cluster analysis of preclinical studies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:874-885. [PMID: 32281457 PMCID: PMC7983335 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20916003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an extensively used method for the investigation of normal and pathological brain function. In particular, fMRI has been used to characterize spatiotemporal hemodynamic response to pharmacological challenges as a non-invasive readout of neuronal activity. However, the mechanisms underlying regional signal changes are yet unclear. In this study, we use a meta-analytic approach to converge data from microdialysis experiments with relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) changes following acute administration of neuropsychiatric drugs in adult male rats. At whole-brain level, the functional response patterns show very weak correlation with neurochemical alterations, while for numerous brain areas a strong positive correlation with noradrenaline release exists. At a local scale of individual brain regions, the rCBV response to neurotransmitters is anatomically heterogeneous and, importantly, based on a complex interplay of different neurotransmitters that often exert opposing effects, thus providing a mechanism for regulating and fine tuning hemodynamic responses in specific regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis H Mervin
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ekaterina Mitricheva
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nikos K Logothetis
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Angelo Bifone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hamid R Noori
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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25
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Steiner AR, Rousseau-Blass F, Schroeter A, Hartnack S, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Systematic Review: Anesthetic Protocols and Management as Confounders in Rodent Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BOLD fMRI)-Part B: Effects of Anesthetic Agents, Doses and Timing. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010199. [PMID: 33467584 PMCID: PMC7830239 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To understand brain function in rats and mice functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is used. With this type of “brain scan” regional changes in blood flow and oxygen consumption are measured as an indirect surrogate for activity of brain regions. Animals are often anesthetized for the experiments to prevent stress and blurred images due to movement. However, anesthesia may alter the measurements, as blood flow within the brain is differently affected by different anesthetics, and anesthetics also directly affect brain function. Consequently, results obtained under one anesthetic protocol may not be comparable with those obtained under another, and/or not representative for awake animals and humans. We have systematically searched the existing literature for studies analyzing the effects of different anesthesia methods or studies that compared anesthetized and awake animals. Most studies reported that anesthetic agents, doses and timing had an effect on functional magnetic resonance imaging results. To obtain results which promote our understanding of brain function, it is therefore essential that a standard for anesthetic protocols for functional magnetic resonance is defined and their impact is well characterized. Abstract In rodent models the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) under anesthesia is common. The anesthetic protocol might influence fMRI readouts either directly or via changes in physiological parameters. As long as those factors cannot be objectively quantified, the scientific validity of fMRI in rodents is impaired. In the present systematic review, literature analyzing in rats and mice the influence of anesthesia regimes and concurrent physiological functions on blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI results was investigated. Studies from four databases that were searched were selected following pre-defined criteria. Two separate articles publish the results; the herewith presented article includes the analyses of 83 studies. Most studies found differences in BOLD fMRI readouts with different anesthesia drugs and dose rates, time points of imaging or when awake status was compared to anesthetized animals. To obtain scientifically valid, reproducible results from rodent fMRI studies, stable levels of anesthesia with agents suitable for the model under investigation as well as known and objectively quantifiable effects on readouts are, thus, mandatory. Further studies should establish dose ranges for standardized anesthetic protocols and determine time windows for imaging during which influence of anesthesia on readout is objectively quantifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R. Steiner
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Frédérik Rousseau-Blass
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Aileen Schroeter
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
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26
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Butt UJ, Steixner-Kumar AA, Depp C, Sun T, Hassouna I, Wüstefeld L, Arinrad S, Zillmann MR, Schopf N, Fernandez Garcia-Agudo L, Mohrmann L, Bode U, Ronnenberg A, Hindermann M, Goebbels S, Bonn S, Katschinski DM, Miskowiak KW, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. Hippocampal neurons respond to brain activity with functional hypoxia. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1790-1807. [PMID: 33564132 PMCID: PMC8440186 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and cognitive challenge are established non-invasive methods to induce comprehensive brain activation and thereby improve global brain function including mood and emotional well-being in healthy subjects and in patients. However, the mechanisms underlying this experimental and clinical observation and broadly exploited therapeutic tool are still widely obscure. Here we show in the behaving brain that physiological (endogenous) hypoxia is likely a respective lead mechanism, regulating hippocampal plasticity via adaptive gene expression. A refined transgenic approach in mice, utilizing the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain of HIF-1α fused to CreERT2 recombinase, allows us to demonstrate hypoxic cells in the performing brain under normoxia and motor-cognitive challenge, and spatially map them by light-sheet microscopy, all in comparison to inspiratory hypoxia as strong positive control. We report that a complex motor-cognitive challenge causes hypoxia across essentially all brain areas, with hypoxic neurons particularly abundant in the hippocampus. These data suggest an intriguing model of neuroplasticity, in which a specific task-associated neuronal activity triggers mild hypoxia as a local neuron-specific as well as a brain-wide response, comprising indirectly activated neurons and non-neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Javed Butt
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Agnes A. Steixner-Kumar
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Constanze Depp
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imam Hassouna
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liane Wüstefeld
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sahab Arinrad
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias R. Zillmann
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Schopf
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Fernandez Garcia-Agudo
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leonie Mohrmann
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulli Bode
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Ronnenberg
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hindermann
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dörthe M. Katschinski
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kamilla W. Miskowiak
- grid.475435.4Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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27
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Henderson LA, Macefield VG. The role of the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamus in regulating behaviorally coupled and resting autonomic drive. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 180:187-200. [PMID: 34225929 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nearly a century ago it was reported that stimulation of the hypothalamus could evoke profound behavioral state changes coupled with altered autonomic function. Since these initial observations, further studies in animals have revealed that two hypothalamic regions-the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei-are critical for numerous behaviors, including those in response to psychological stressors. These behaviors are coupled with changes in autonomic functions, such as altered blood pressure, heart rate, sympathetic nerve activity, resetting of the baroreflex and changes in pituitary function. There is also growing evidence that these two hypothalamic regions play a critical role in thermogenesis, and suggestions they could also be responsible for the hypertension associated with obesity. The aim of this chapter is to review the anatomy, projection patterns, and function of the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamus with a particular focus on their role in autonomic regulation. While most of what is known about these two hypothalamic regions is derived from laboratory animal experiments, recent human studies will also be explored. Finally, we will describe recent human brain imaging studies that provide evidence of a role for these hypothalamic regions in setting resting sympathetic drive and their potential role in conditions such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Henderson
- Department of Anatomy & Histology, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Vaughan G Macefield
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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28
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Cléry JC, Hori Y, Schaeffer DJ, Gati JS, Pruszynski JA, Everling S. Whole brain mapping of somatosensory responses in awake marmosets investigated with ultra-high-field fMRI. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:1900-1913. [PMID: 33112698 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00480.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small-bodied New World primate that is becoming an important model to study brain functions. Despite several studies exploring the somatosensory system of marmosets, all results have come from anesthetized animals using invasive techniques and postmortem analyses. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility for getting high-quality and reproducible somatosensory mapping in awake marmosets with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We acquired fMRI sequences in four animals, while they received tactile stimulation (via air-puffs), delivered to the face, arm, or leg. We found a topographic body representation with the leg representation in the most medial part, the face representation in the most lateral part, and the arm representation between leg and face representation within areas 3a, 3b, and 1/2. A similar sequence from leg to face from caudal to rostral sites was identified in areas S2 and PV. By generating functional connectivity maps of seeds defined in the primary and second somatosensory regions, we identified two clusters of tactile representation within the posterior and midcingulate cortex. However, unlike humans and macaques, no clear somatotopic maps were observed. At the subcortical level, we found a somatotopic body representation in the thalamus and, for the first time in marmosets, in the putamen. These maps have similar organizations, as those previously found in Old World macaque monkeys and humans, suggesting that these subcortical somatotopic organizations were already established before Old and New World primates diverged. Our results show the first whole brain mapping of somatosensory responses acquired in a noninvasive way in awake marmosets.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used somatosensory stimulation combined with functional MRI (fMRI) in awake marmosets to reveal the topographic body representation in areas S1, S2, thalamus, and putamen. We showed the existence of a body representation organization within the thalamus and the cingulate cortex by computing functional connectivity maps from seeds defined in S1/S2, using resting-state fMRI data. This noninvasive approach will be essential for chronic studies by guiding invasive recording and manipulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine C Cléry
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuki Hori
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Schaeffer
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph S Gati
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Andrew Pruszynski
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Everling
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Steiner AR, Rousseau-Blass F, Schroeter A, Hartnack S, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Systematic Review: Anaesthetic Protocols and Management as Confounders in Rodent Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BOLD fMRI)-Part A: Effects of Changes in Physiological Parameters. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:577119. [PMID: 33192261 PMCID: PMC7646331 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.577119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To understand brain function in health and disease, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used in rodent models. Because animals need to be immobilised for image acquisition, fMRI is commonly performed under anaesthesia. The choice of anaesthetic protocols and may affect fMRI readouts, either directly or via changing physiological balance, and thereby threaten the scientific validity of fMRI in rodents. Methods: The present study systematically reviewed the literature investigating the influence of different anaesthesia regimes and changes in physiological parameters as confounders of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI in rats and mice. Four databases were searched, studies selected according to pre-defined criteria, and risk of bias assessed for each study. Results are reported in two separate articles; this part of the review focuses on effects of changes in physiological parameters. Results: A total of 121 publications was included, of which 49 addressed effects of changes in physiological parameters. Risk of bias was high in all included studies. Blood oxygenation [arterial partial pressure of oxygen (paO2)], ventilation [arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (paCO2)] and arterial blood pressure affected BOLD fMRI readouts across various experimental paradigms. Conclusions: Blood oxygenation, ventilation and arterial blood pressure should be monitored and maintained at stable physiological levels throughout experiments. Appropriate anaesthetic management and monitoring are crucial to obtain scientifically valid, reproducible results from fMRI studies in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R. Steiner
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frédérik Rousseau-Blass
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Aileen Schroeter
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Rahmani F, Sanjari Moghaddam H, Rahmani M, Aarabi MH. Metabolic connectivity in Alzheimer’s diseases. Clin Transl Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Esmaeilpour Z, Shereen AD, Ghobadi‐Azbari P, Datta A, Woods AJ, Ironside M, O'Shea J, Kirk U, Bikson M, Ekhtiari H. Methodology for tDCS integration with fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:1950-1967. [PMID: 31872943 PMCID: PMC7267907 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and reducing variability of response to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) requires measuring what factors predetermine sensitivity to tDCS and tracking individual response to tDCS. Human trials, animal models, and computational models suggest structural traits and functional states of neural systems are the major sources of this variance. There are 118 published tDCS studies (up to October 1, 2018) that used fMRI as a proxy measure of neural activation to answer mechanistic, predictive, and localization questions about how brain activity is modulated by tDCS. FMRI can potentially contribute as: a measure of cognitive state-level variance in baseline brain activation before tDCS; inform the design of stimulation montages that aim to target functional networks during specific tasks; and act as an outcome measure of functional response to tDCS. In this systematic review, we explore methodological parameter space of tDCS integration with fMRI spanning: (a) fMRI timing relative to tDCS (pre, post, concurrent); (b) study design (parallel, crossover); (c) control condition (sham, active control); (d) number of tDCS sessions; (e) number of follow up scans; (f) stimulation dose and combination with task; (g) functional imaging sequence (BOLD, ASL, resting); and (h) additional behavioral (cognitive, clinical) or quantitative (neurophysiological, biomarker) measurements. Existing tDCS-fMRI literature shows little replication across these permutations; few studies used comparable study designs. Here, we use a representative sample study with both task and resting state fMRI before and after tDCS in a crossover design to discuss methodological confounds. We further outline how computational models of current flow should be combined with imaging data to understand sources of variability. Through the representative sample study, we demonstrate how modeling and imaging methodology can be integrated for individualized analysis. Finally, we discuss the importance of conducting tDCS-fMRI with stimulation equipment certified as safe to use inside the MR scanner, and of correcting for image artifacts caused by tDCS. tDCS-fMRI can address important questions on the functional mechanisms of tDCS action (e.g., target engagement) and has the potential to support enhancement of behavioral interventions, provided studies are designed rationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Esmaeilpour
- Neural Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe City College of the City University of New York, City College Center for Discovery and InnovationNew YorkNew York
| | - A. Duke Shereen
- Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNew York
| | | | | | - Adam J. Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Maria Ironside
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean HospitalBelmontMassachusetts
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Jacinta O'Shea
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Science DivisionUniversity of OxfordOxfordEnglandUK
| | - Ulrich Kirk
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Marom Bikson
- Neural Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe City College of the City University of New York, City College Center for Discovery and InnovationNew YorkNew York
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32
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The Contribution of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to the Understanding of the Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Cognition. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10030175. [PMID: 32197357 PMCID: PMC7139910 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fact that a single bout of acute physical exercise has a positive impact on cognition is well-established in the literature, but the neural correlates that underlie these cognitive improvements are not well understood. Here, the use of neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), offers great potential, which is just starting to be recognized. This review aims at providing an overview of those studies that used fMRI to investigate the effects of acute physical exercises on cerebral hemodynamics and cognition. To this end, a systematic literature survey was conducted by two independent reviewers across five electronic databases. The search returned 668 studies, of which 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this systematic review. Although the findings of the reviewed studies suggest that acute physical exercise (e.g., cycling) leads to profound changes in functional brain activation, the small number of available studies and the great variability in the study protocols limits the conclusions that can be drawn with certainty. In order to overcome these limitations, new, more well-designed trials are needed that (i) use a more rigorous study design, (ii) apply more sophisticated filter methods in fMRI data analysis, (iii) describe the applied processing steps of fMRI data analysis in more detail, and (iv) provide a more precise exercise prescription.
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33
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Yang X, Lin Y. Surgical resection of glioma involving eloquent brain areas: Tumor boundary, functional boundary, and plasticity consideration. GLIOMA 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_16_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Cofresí RU, Bartholow BD, Piasecki TM. Evidence for incentive salience sensitization as a pathway to alcohol use disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:897-926. [PMID: 31672617 PMCID: PMC6878895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incentive salience sensitization (ISS) theory of addiction holds that addictive behavior stems from the ability of drugs to progressively sensitize the brain circuitry that mediates attribution of incentive salience (IS) to reward-predictive cues and its behavioral manifestations. In this article, we establish the plausibility of ISS as an etiological pathway to alcohol use disorder (AUD). We provide a comprehensive and critical review of evidence for: (1) the ability of alcohol to sensitize the brain circuitry of IS attribution and expression; and (2) attribution of IS to alcohol-predictive cues and its sensitization in humans and non-human animals. We point out gaps in the literature and how these might be addressed. We also highlight how individuals with different alcohol subjective response phenotypes may differ in susceptibility to ISS as a pathway to AUD. Finally, we discuss important implications of this neuropsychological mechanism in AUD for psychological and pharmacological interventions attempting to attenuate alcohol craving and cue reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto U Cofresí
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Thomas M Piasecki
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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35
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Regulation of cortical blood flow responses by the nucleus basalis of Meynert during nociceptive processing. Neurosci Res 2019; 149:22-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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36
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DiNuzzo M, Mascali D, Moraschi M, Bussu G, Maugeri L, Mangini F, Fratini M, Giove F. Brain Networks Underlying Eye's Pupil Dynamics. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:965. [PMID: 31619948 PMCID: PMC6759985 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phasic changes in eye’s pupil diameter have been repeatedly observed during cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity in mammals. Although pupil diameter is known to be associated with noradrenergic firing in the pontine Locus Coeruleus (LC), thus far the causal chain coupling spontaneous pupil dynamics to specific cortical brain networks remains unknown. In the present study, we acquired steady-state blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data combined with eye-tracking pupillometry from fifteen healthy subjects that were trained to maintain a constant attentional load. Regression analysis revealed widespread visual and sensorimotor BOLD-fMRI deactivations correlated with pupil diameter. Furthermore, we found BOLD-fMRI activations correlated with pupil diameter change rate within a set of brain regions known to be implicated in selective attention, salience, error-detection and decision-making. These regions included LC, thalamus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), dorsal anterior cingulate and paracingulate cortex (dACC/PaCC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and right anterior insular cortex (rAIC). Granger-causality analysis performed on these regions yielded a complex pattern of interdependence, wherein LC and pupil dynamics were far apart in the network and separated by several cortical stages. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis revealed the ubiquitous presence of the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) in the networks identified by the brain regions correlated to the pupil diameter change rate. No significant correlations were observed between pupil dynamics, regional activation and behavioral performance. Based on the involved brain regions, we speculate that pupil dynamics reflects brain processing implicated in changes between self- and environment-directed awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Mascali
- Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Moraschi
- Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bussu
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michela Fratini
- Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,CNR Nanotec, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Giove
- Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
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37
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Aksenov DP, Li L, Miller MJ, Wyrwicz AM. Role of the inhibitory system in shaping the BOLD fMRI response. Neuroimage 2019; 201:116034. [PMID: 31326573 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The shape of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal can vary considerably even across structures of the same sensory pathway. Here, we characterized the temporal behavior of the stimulus-evoked BOLD response in the primary cortical and subcortical regions of the visual and somatosensory whisker systems in awake rabbits. Despite similar BOLD responses in the thalamic nuclei, considerable differences in shape and duration emerged between the sensory cortices. Whereas the BOLD response in the whisker barrel cortex (WBC) was non-adaptive, BOLD in the visual cortex (V1) showed adaptation similar to simultaneously-recorded LFP and single unit activity. Analysis of baseline neuronal activity revealed significantly lower firing rates in V1 vs. WBC. We hypothesized that these changes point to region-dependent differences in the inhibitory systems which shape the hemodynamic response in each structure. To test the effect of neuronal baseline level inhibition on the BOLD signal shape, we locally injected the GABAA agonist muscimol in WBC. Adaptation emerged in the BOLD response after injection, along with an overall decrease in baseline firing rate. These findings point to the importance of region-specific inhibitory shaping in determining the temporal behavior of the BOLD response in different brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Limin Li
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | | | - Alice M Wyrwicz
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA.
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38
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Resting state functional connectivity changes after MR-guided focused ultrasound mediated blood-brain barrier opening in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2019; 200:275-280. [PMID: 31254646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) can temporarily permeabilize the blood-brain barrier (BBB), noninvasively, to allow therapeutics access to the central nervous system. However, its secondary and potential neuromodulation effects are not well understood. We aimed to characterize the functional impact of MRgFUS BBB opening in human subjects, based on the phase I trial in patients with Alzheimer's disease. We analyzed for changes in bilateral frontoparietal networks in resting state functional MRI from five subjects after BBB opening in the right frontal lobe. We found a transient functional connectivity decrease within only the ipsilateral frontoparietal network that was recovered by the next day. Additionally, baseline to month three comparisons did not reveal any significant differences from matched-controls from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Overall, MRgFUS may transiently affect neurologic function, but the functional organization is restored at one day and remains unchanged at three months. This first in human data has implications for the development of MRgFUS as a drug delivery platform to pathologic brain tissue and potential use for non-invasive neuromodulation.
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39
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Czeibert K, Andics A, Petneházy Ö, Kubinyi E. A detailed canine brain label map for neuroimaging analysis. Biol Futur 2019; 70:112-120. [DOI: 10.1556/019.70.2019.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Czeibert
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Andics
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE ‘Lendület’ Neuroethology of Communication Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences – Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Örs Petneházy
- Medicopus Nonprofit Ltd., ‘Kaposi Mór’ Teaching Hospital, Somogy County, Kaposvár, Hungary
- Justanatomy Ltd., Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kubinyi
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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40
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Zou D, Wen F, Zeng H, Mai H, Yuan X, Wang L, Li Y, Liu L, Liu S, Liu G. Improving brain function of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients after induction chemotherapy, a pilot self-contrast study by fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 66:149-155. [PMID: 31104963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study revealed altered resting-stated brain function in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on new-onset stage. To investigate the effects after induction chemotherapy, a pilot self-contrast study was conducted to compare the difference in resting-stated brain function between pre- and post-induction chemotherapy of ALL. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) was employed for fMRI data analysis. Clinical and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) data of 14 new-onset pediatric ALL patients were collected before and after 3 months of induction chemotherapy. Fourteen age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for comparison. Before induction chemotherapy, fALFF values of ALL patients decreased globally, especially in the default mode network (DMN), left frontal lobe, left occipital lobe, and bilateral postcentral gyri as compared to HCs. After induction chemotherapy, fALFF values of ALL patients decreased significantly in the bilateral cuneus, left lingual and calcarine gyri, and left mid frontal gyrus. Paired-sample t-tests and self-contrast analysis showed fALFF increased in the left precuneus, bilateral cuneus, left occipital lobe, bilateral frontal gyri, and bilateral temporal lobes, whereas fALFF in the bilateral precuneus decreased in the ALL patients after induction, which suggests potential side-effects of the treatment. The alteration of fALFF values suggested that resting brain function was impaired before induction chemotherapy and mostly recovered after treatment. This study suggested that fALFF is a reliable and feasible tool in detecting spontaneous brain activity to monitor early neurocognitive impairments in pediatric ALL to better understand the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of chemotherapy on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hongwu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huirong Mai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuli Yuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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41
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Fritz M, Klawonn AM, Zahr NM. Neuroimaging in alcohol use disorder: From mouse to man. J Neurosci Res 2019; 100:1140-1158. [PMID: 31006907 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of recent advances in understanding the effects of alcohol use disorders (AUD) on the brain from the perspective of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research in preclinical models and clinical studies. As a noninvasive investigational tool permitting assessment of morphological, metabolic, and hemodynamic changes over time, MRI offers insight into the dynamic course of alcoholism beginning with initial exposure through periods of binge drinking and escalation, sobriety, and relapse and has been useful in differential diagnosis of neurological diseases associated with AUD. Structural MRI has revealed acute and chronic effects of alcohol on both white and gray matter volumes. MR Spectroscopy, able to quantify brain metabolites in vivo, has shed light on biochemical alterations associated with alcoholism. Diffusion tensor imaging permits microstructural characterization of white matter fiber tracts. Functional MRI has allowed for elucidation of hemodynamic responses at rest and during task engagement. Positron emission tomography, a non-MRI imaging tool, has led to a deeper understanding of alcohol-induced receptor and neurotransmitter changes during various stages of drinking and abstinence. Together, such in vivo imaging tools have expanded our understanding of the dynamic course of alcoholism including evidence for regional specificity of the effects of AUD, hints at mechanisms underlying the shift from casual to compulsive use of alcohol, and profound recovery with sustained abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Anna M Klawonn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
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42
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Chuapoco MR, Choy M, Schmid F, Duffy BA, Lee HJ, Lee JH. Carbon monofilament electrodes for unit recording and functional MRI in same subjects. Neuroimage 2019; 186:806-816. [PMID: 30391560 PMCID: PMC7458097 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular electrophysiology and functional MRI are complementary techniques that provide information about cellular and network-level neural activity, respectively. However, electrodes for electrophysiology are typically made from metals, which cause significant susceptibility artifacts on MR images. Previous work has demonstrated that insulated carbon fiber bundle electrodes reduce the volume of magnetic susceptibility artifacts and can be used to record local field potentials (LFP), but the relatively large diameter of the probes make them unsuitable for multi- and single-unit recordings. Although single carbon fiber electrodes have recently been used to record single-unit activity, these probes require modifications in order to aid insertion and the use of these probes in fMRI has yet to be validated. Therefore, there is a need for a single-carbon fiber electrode design that (1) minimizes the volume of the susceptibility artifact, (2) can record from a wide frequency band that includes LFP and multi- and single-unit recording, and (3) is practical to insert without additional modifications. Here, we demonstrate that carbon-fiber electrodes made from single carbon monofilaments (35 μm in diameter) meet all of these criteria. Carbon monofilament electrodes modified with the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have lower impedances and higher signal-to-noise ratio recordings than platinum-iridium electrodes, a current gold standard for chronic single-unit recording. Furthermore, these probes distort a significantly smaller volume of voxels compared to tungsten and platinum-iridium electrodes in agarose phantom and in vivo MR images, leading to higher contrast-to-noise ratio in regions proximal to the electrode implantation site during fMRI. Collectively, this work establishes that carbon monofilaments are a practical choice for combined electrophysiology-fMRI experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel R Chuapoco
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mankin Choy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Florian Schmid
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ben A Duffy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jin Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, USA.
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43
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Bernal B, Guillen MR, Valdes P, Jayakar P, Altman N, Duchowny M, Riera J. Epilepsy Focus Localization in Patients Utilizing BOLD Differences Related to Regional Metabolic Dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/ojrad.2019.93015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Functional brain mapping: overview of techniques and their application to neurosurgery. Neurosurg Rev 2018; 42:639-647. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-018-1007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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45
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Mannheim JG, Schmid AM, Schwenck J, Katiyar P, Herfert K, Pichler BJ, Disselhorst JA. PET/MRI Hybrid Systems. Semin Nucl Med 2018; 48:332-347. [PMID: 29852943 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the combination of PET and MRI in one system has proven to be highly successful in basic preclinical research, as well as in clinical research. Nowadays, PET/MRI systems are well established in preclinical imaging and are progressing into clinical applications to provide further insights into specific diseases, therapeutic assessments, and biological pathways. Certain challenges in terms of hardware had to be resolved concurrently with the development of new techniques to be able to reach the full potential of both combined techniques. This review provides an overview of these challenges and describes the opportunities that simultaneous PET/MRI systems can exploit in comparison with stand-alone or other combined hybrid systems. New approaches were developed for simultaneous PET/MRI systems to correct for attenuation of 511 keV photons because MRI does not provide direct information on gamma photon attenuation properties. Furthermore, new algorithms to correct for motion were developed, because MRI can accurately detect motion with high temporal resolution. The additional information gained by the MRI can be employed to correct for partial volume effects as well. The development of new detector designs in combination with fast-decaying scintillator crystal materials enabled time-of-flight detection and incorporation in the reconstruction algorithms. Furthermore, this review lists the currently commercially available systems both for preclinical and clinical imaging and provides an overview of applications in both fields. In this regard, special emphasis has been placed on data analysis and the potential for both modalities to evolve with advanced image analysis tools, such as cluster analysis and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Mannheim
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Schmid
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwenck
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Prateek Katiyar
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jonathan A Disselhorst
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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46
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Broadwater MA, Lee SH, Yu Y, Zhu H, Crews FT, Robinson DL, Shih YYI. Adolescent alcohol exposure decreases frontostriatal resting-state functional connectivity in adulthood. Addict Biol 2018; 23:810-823. [PMID: 28691248 PMCID: PMC5760482 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Connectivity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) matures through adolescence, coinciding with emergence of adult executive function and top-down inhibitory control over behavior. Alcohol exposure during this critical period of brain maturation may affect development of PFC and frontolimbic connectivity. Adult rats exposed to adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5 g/kg ethanol, 25 percent v/v in water, intragastrically, 2-day-on, 2-day-off, postnatal day 25-54) or water control underwent resting-state functional MRI to test the hypothesis that AIE induces persistent changes in frontolimbic functional connectivity under baseline and acute alcohol conditions (2 g/kg ethanol or saline, intraperitoneally administered during scanning). Data were acquired on a Bruker 9.4-T MR scanner with rats under dexmedetomidine sedation in combination with isoflurane. Frontolimbic network regions-of-interest for data analysis included PFC [prelimbic (PrL), infralimbic (IL), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) portions], nucleus accumbens (NAc), caudate putamen (CPu), dorsal hippocampus, ventral tegmental area, amygdala, and somatosensory forelimb used as a control region. AIE decreased baseline resting-state connectivity between PFC subregions (PrL-IL and IL-OFC) and between PFC-striatal regions (PrL-NAc, IL-CPu, IL-NAc, OFC-CPu, and OFC-NAc). Acute ethanol induced negative blood-oxygen-level-dependent changes within all regions of interest examined, along with significant increases in functional connectivity in control, but not AIE animals. Together, these data support the hypothesis that binge-like adolescent alcohol exposure causes persistent decreases in baseline frontolimbic (particularly frontostriatal) connectivity and alters sensitivity to acute ethanol-induced increases in functional connectivity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Research Imaging Center and Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Statistics and Operations, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Research Imaging Center and Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Research Imaging Center and Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fulton T. Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Donita L. Robinson
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Research Imaging Center and Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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47
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Malekian V, Nasiraei-Moghaddam A, Khajehim M. A robust SSFP technique for fMRI at ultra-high field strengths. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 50:17-25. [PMID: 29466704 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A non-balanced (nb) SSFP-based fMRI method based on CE-FAST is presented to alleviate some shortcomings of high spatial-specificity techniques commonly used in high static magnetic fields. The proposed sequence does not suffer from the banding artifacts inherent to balanced (b) SSFP, has low geometrical distortions and SAR compared to spin-echo EPI, and in contrast to previous nbSSFP implementations, is applied at a TR, theoretically prescribed for the optimum contrast. Its non-balanced gradient was chosen to just dephase the unwanted signal component (2π dephasing per TR per voxel). 3D data were acquired from nine healthy subjects, who performed a visual-motor task on a 7 Tesla scanner. For comparison, experiments were accompanied by similar bSSFP and spin-echo acquisitions. Consistent activation was achieved in all subjects with theoretically optimal TR, in contrast to previous nbSSFP techniques. The signal stability as well as relative and absolute functional signal changes, were found to be comparable with bSSFP and spin-echo techniques. The results suggest that with suitable modifications, CE-FAST can be regarded as a robust SSFP-based method for high spatial specificity fMRI techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Malekian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Nasiraei-Moghaddam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Khajehim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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48
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Carmichael O, Schwarz AJ, Chatham CH, Scott D, Turner JA, Upadhyay J, Coimbra A, Goodman JA, Baumgartner R, English BA, Apolzan JW, Shankapal P, Hawkins KR. The role of fMRI in drug development. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:333-348. [PMID: 29154758 PMCID: PMC5931333 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been known for over a decade to have the potential to greatly enhance the process of developing novel therapeutic drugs for prevalent health conditions. However, the use of fMRI in drug development continues to be relatively limited because of a variety of technical, biological, and strategic barriers that continue to limit progress. Here, we briefly review the roles that fMRI can have in the drug development process and the requirements it must meet to be useful in this setting. We then provide an update on our current understanding of the strengths and limitations of fMRI as a tool for drug developers and recommend activities to enhance its utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | | | - Christopher H Chatham
- Translational Medicine Neuroscience and Biomarkers, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jessica A Turner
- Psychology Department & Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richard Baumgartner
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | - John W Apolzan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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49
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive technique used routinely to image the body in both clinical and research settings. Through the manipulation of radio waves and static field gradients, MRI uses the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance to produce images with high spatial resolution, appropriate for the investigation of brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gregory
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Rachael I Scahill
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Geraint Rees
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sarah Tabrizi
- Huntington's Disease Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Hu Z, Zou D, Mai H, Yuan X, Wang L, Li Y, Liao J, Liu L, Liu G, Zeng H, Wen F. Altered brain function in new onset childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia before chemotherapy: A resting-state fMRI study. Brain Dev 2017; 39:743-750. [PMID: 28545980 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairments had been reported in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, what caused the impairments needed to be demonstrated, chemotherapy-related or the disease itself. The primary aim of this exploratory investigation was to determine if there were changes in brain function of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia before chemotherapy. METHODS In this study, we advanced a measure named regional homogeneity to evaluate the resting-state brain activities, intelligence quotient test was performed at same time. Using regional homogeneity, we first investigated the resting state brain function in patients with new onset childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia before chemotherapy, healthy children as control. RESULTS The decreased ReHo values were mainly founded in the default mode network and left frontal lobe, bilateral inferior parietal lobule, bilateral temporal lobe, bilateral occipital lobe, precentral gyrus, bilateral cerebellum in the newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients compared with the healthy control. While in contrast, increased ReHo values were mainly shown in the right frontal lobe (language area), superior frontal gyrus-R, middle frontal gyrus-R and inferior parietal lobule-R for acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients group. There were no significant differences for intelligence quotient measurements between the acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient group and the healthy control in performance intelligence quotient, verbal intelligence quotient, total intelligence quotient. CONCLUSION The altered brain functions are associated with cognitive change and language, it is suggested that there may be cognition impairment before the chemotherapy. Regional homogeneity by functional magnetic resonance image is a sensitive way for early detection on brain damage in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqi Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China; Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongfang Zou
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Huirong Mai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuli Yuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxiang Liao
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China.
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China.
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