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Lin JY, Tsai BCK, Kao HC, Chiang CY, Chen YA, Chen WST, Ho TJ, Yao CH, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Neuroprotective Effects of Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 in the Hippocampus of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1287-1297. [PMID: 36044175 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-related brain complications have been reported in clinical patients and experimental models. The objective of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this study, three different groups, namely control group, STZ-induced (55 mg/kg streptozotocin intraperitoneally) diabetic rats (DM), and DM rats treated with Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 (1 × 109 CFU/rat/day), were utilized to study the protective effect of GMNL-263 in the hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats. The results demonstrated that GMNL-263 attenuated diabetes-induced hippocampal damage by enhancing the cell survival pathways and repressing both inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Histopathological analysis revealed that GMNL-263 prevented structural changes in the hippocampus in the DM group and decreased the level of inflammation and apoptosis in the hippocampus of DM rats. The IGF1R cell survival signaling pathway also improved after GMNL-263 treatment. These results indicate that probiotic GMNL-263 exerts beneficial effects in the brain of diabetic rats and has potential ability for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ying Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bruce Chi-Kang Tsai
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Kao
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Chiang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yun-An Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - William Shao-Tsu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Center of General Education, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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2
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Meng F, Fu J, Zhang L, Guo M, Zhuang P, Yin Q, Zhang Y. Function and therapeutic value of astrocytes in diabetic cognitive impairment. Neurochem Int 2023; 169:105591. [PMID: 37543309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) is a complex complication of diabetes in the central nervous system, and its pathological mechanism is still being explored. Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in central nervous system that perform diverse functions in health and disease. Accumulating excellent research has identified astrocyte dysfunction in many neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease, aging and Parkinson's disease), and summarized and discussed its pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic value. However, the contribution of astrocytes to DCI has been largely overlooked. In this review, we first systematically summarized the effects and mechanisms of diabetes on brain astrocytes, and found that the diabetic environment (such as hyperglycemia, advanced glycation end products and cerebral insulin resistance) mediated brain reactive astrogliosis, which was specifically reflected in the changes of cell morphology and the remodeling of signature molecules. Secondly, we emphasized the contribution and potential targets of reactive astrogliosis to DCI, and found that reactive astrogliosis-induced increased blood-brain barrier permeability, glymphatic system dysfunction, neuroinflammation, abnormal cell communication and cholesterol metabolism dysregulation worsened cognitive function. In addition, we summarized effective strategies for treating DCI by targeting astrocytes. Finally, we discuss the application of new techniques in astrocytes, including single-cell transcriptome, in situ sequencing, and prospected new functions, new subsets and new targets of astrocytes in DCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyu Meng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jiafeng Fu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Mengqing Guo
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qingsheng Yin
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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3
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Čater M, Hölter SM. A Pathophysiological Intersection of Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911562. [PMID: 36232867 PMCID: PMC9569835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is among the most prevalent diseases of the modern world and is strongly linked to an increased risk of numerous neurodegenerative disorders, although the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are not clear yet. Insulin resistance is a serious pathological condition, connecting type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Recently, insulin resistance has been proven to be connected also to cognitive decline and dementias, including the most prevalent form, Alzheimer's disease. The relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease regarding pathophysiology is so significant that it has been proposed that some presentations of the condition could be termed type 3 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Čater
- Chair of Genetics, Animal Biotechnology and Immunology, Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Sabine M. Hölter
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence:
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4
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Dong H, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Deng H. Pathophysiology of RAGE in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931473. [PMID: 35967420 PMCID: PMC9373849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a non-specific multi-ligand pattern recognition receptor capable of binding to a range of structurally diverse ligands, expressed on a variety of cell types, and performing different functions. The ligand-RAGE axis can trigger a range of signaling events that are associated with diabetes and its complications, neurological disorders, cancer, inflammation and other diseases. Since RAGE is involved in the pathophysiological processes of many diseases, targeting RAGE may be an effective strategy to block RAGE signaling.
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Kinscherf NA, Pehar M. Role and Therapeutic Potential of RAGE Signaling in Neurodegeneration. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1191-1209. [PMID: 35702767 PMCID: PMC9589927 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220610171005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been shown to play an active role in the development of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Although originally identified as a receptor for advanced glycation end products, RAGE is a pattern recognition receptor able to bind multiple ligands. The final outcome of RAGE signaling is defined in a context and cell type specific manner and can exert both neurotoxic and neuroprotective functions. Contributing to the complexity of the RAGE signaling network, different RAGE isoforms with distinctive signaling capabilities have been described. Moreover, multiple RAGE ligands bind other receptors and RAGE antagonism can significantly affect their signaling. Here, we discuss the outcome of celltype specific RAGE signaling in neurodegenerative pathologies. In addition, we will review the different approaches that have been developed to target RAGE signaling and their therapeutic potential. A clear understanding of the outcome of RAGE signaling in a cell type- and disease-specific manner would contribute to advancing the development of new therapies targeting RAGE. The ability to counteract RAGE neurotoxic signaling while preserving its neuroprotective effects would be critical for the success of novel therapies targeting RAGE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Alexander Kinscherf
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mariana Pehar
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, WI, USA
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6
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Momeni Z, Neapetung J, Pacholko A, Kiir TAB, Yamamoto Y, Bekar LK, Campanucci VA. Hyperglycemia induces RAGE-dependent hippocampal spatial memory impairments. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113287. [PMID: 33316294 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a prevalent metabolic disorder that has long been associated with changes in different regions of the brain, including the hippocampus. Changes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and subsequent impairment in cognitive functions such as learning and memory, are well documented in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is known that RAGE contributes to peripheral micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes. However, it is still unknown if RAGE plays a similar role in the development of CNS complications of diabetes. Therefore, we hypothesize that RAGE contributes to cognitive dysfunction, such as learning and memory impairments, in a mouse model of STZ-induced hyperglycemia. Control and STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice from WT and RAGE-KO groups were used for the behavioral experiments. While STZ-induced hyperglycemia decreased locomotor activity in the open field (OF) test, it did not affect the recognition memory in the novel object recognition (NOR) test in either genotype. Spatial memory, however, was impaired in STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice in WT but not in RAGE-KO group in both the Barnes maze (BM) and the Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Consistently, the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1 protected WT STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice from spatial memory impairment in the BM test. Our findings indicate that the parameters associated with locomotor activity and recognition memory were independent of RAGE in STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice. In contrast, the parameters associated with hippocampal-dependent spatial memory were dependent on RAGE expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Momeni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Joseph Neapetung
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anthony Pacholko
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tabitha Achan Bol Kiir
- College of Arts and Science, 9 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Lane K Bekar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Verónica A Campanucci
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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8
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Kim HG. Cognitive dysfunctions in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2019; 36:183-191. [PMID: 31620632 PMCID: PMC6784656 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2019.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Some patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) present with cognitive dysfunctions. The pathophysiology underlying this complication is not well understood. Type 1 DM has been associated with a decrease in the speed of information processing, psychomotor efficiency, attention, mental flexibility, and visual perception. Longitudinal epidemiological studies of type 1 DM have indicated that chronic hyperglycemia and microvascular disease, rather than repeated severe hypoglycemia, are associated with the pathogenesis of DM-related cognitive dysfunction. However, severe hypoglycemic episodes may contribute to cognitive dysfunction in high-risk patients with DM. Type 2 DM has been associated with memory deficits, decreased psychomotor speed, and reduced frontal lobe/executive function. In type 2 DM, chronic hyperglycemia, long duration of DM, presence of vascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension and obesity), and microvascular and macrovascular complications are associated with the increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction. The pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with DM include the following: (1) role of hyperglycemia, (2) role of vascular disease, (3) role of hypoglycemia, and (4) role of insulin resistance and amyloid. Recently, some investigators have proposed that type 3 DM is correlated to sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The molecular and biochemical consequences of insulin and insulin-like growth factor resistance in the brain compromise neuronal survival, energy production, gene expression, plasticity, and white matter integrity. If patients claim that their performance is worsening or if they ask about the effects of DM on functioning, screening and assessment are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Geum Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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9
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Braxas H, Rafraf M, Karimi Hasanabad S, Asghari Jafarabadi M. Effectiveness of Genistein Supplementation on Metabolic Factors and Antioxidant Status in Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Can J Diabetes 2019; 43:490-497. [PMID: 31307913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases in women after menopause. Genistein is known to modulate metabolic pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of genistein supplementation on metabolic parameters, oxidative stress and obesity values in postmenopausal women with T2DM. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 54 postmenopausal women 47 to 69 years of age with T2DM. The genistein group (n=28) was given 2 genistein capsules daily for 12 weeks. Each capsule contained 54 mg genistein. The placebo group (n=26) received 2 placebo capsules daily for the same period. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes and physical activity levels of subjects were collected at baseline and at the end of the trial. Data were analyzed by independent t test, paired t test and analysis of covariance. RESULTS Genistein supplementation significantly reduced serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (A1C), serum triglyceride (TG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared with the placebo group at the end of the study (p<0.05 for all). Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index significantly increased within the genistein group. Changes in anthropometric indexes and other variables were not significant in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS Genistein administration improved FBS, A1C, serum TG, TAC and MDA in postmenopausal women with T2DM and may be useful in the control of metabolic status and oxidative stress in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Braxas
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rafraf
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Saadat Karimi Hasanabad
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Díaz-Gerevini GT, Daín A, Pasqualini ME, López CB, Eynard AR, Repossi G. Diabetic encephalopathy: beneficial effects of supplementation with fatty acids ω3 and nordihydroguaiaretic acid in a spontaneous diabetes rat model. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:43. [PMID: 30736810 PMCID: PMC6368734 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic encephalopathy is a chronic complications of diabetes mellitus that affects the central nervous system. We evaluated the effect of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation plus the antioxidant agent nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on the etiopathology of diabetic encephalopathy in eSS rats, a spontaneous model of type 2 diabetes. Methods One hundred twenty spontaneous diabetic eSS male rats and 38 non-diabetic Wistar, used as healthy control, received monthly by intraperitoneal route, ω3 or ω6 PUFA (6.25 mg/kg) alone or plus NDGA (1.19 mg/kg) for 12 months. Diabetic rats had a worse performance in behavioural Hole-Board test. Histopathological analysis confirmed lesions in diabetic rats brain tissues. We also detected low expression of synaptophysin, a protein linked to release of neurotransmitters, by immunohistochemically techniques in eSS rats brain. Biochemical and histopathological studies of brain were performed at 12th month. Biochemical analysis showed altered parameters related to metabolism. High levels of markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were detected in plasma and brain tissues. Data were analysed by ANOVA test and paired t test was used by comparison of measurements of the same parameter at different times. Results The data obtained in this work showed that behavioural, biochemical and morphological alterations observed in eSS rats are compatible with previously reported indices in diabetic encephalopathy and are associated with increased glucolipotoxicity, chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress burden. Experimental treatments assayed modulated the values of studied parameters. Conclusions The treatments tested with ω3 or ω3 plus NDGA showed improvement in the values of the studied parameters in eSS diabetic rats. These observations may form the basis to help in prevent and manage the diabetic encephalopathy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0938-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Tomás Díaz-Gerevini
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Geriatric Center "San Ricardo Pampuri", Villa Carlos Paz and Gerontology Committee, Argentine Society of Diabetes, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Daín
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Pasqualini
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina B López
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (UNLaR), La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Aldo R Eynard
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gastón Repossi
- Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Liang Y, Zhang H, Tan X, Liu J, Qin C, Zeng H, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Chen J, Leng X, Qiu S, Shen D. Local Diffusion Homogeneity Provides Supplementary Information in T2DM-Related WM Microstructural Abnormality Detection. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:63. [PMID: 30792623 PMCID: PMC6374310 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether an inter-voxel diffusivity metric (local diffusion homogeneity, LDH), can provide supplementary information to traditional intra-voxel metrics (i.e., fractional anisotropy, FA) in white matter (WM) abnormality detection for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging was acquired from 34 T2DM patients and 32 healthy controls. Voxel-based group-difference comparisons based on LDH and FA, as well as the association between the diffusion metrics and T2DM risk factors [i.e., body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP)], were conducted, with age, gender and education level controlled. Results: Compared to the controls, T2DM patients had higher LDH in the pons and left temporal pole, as well as lower FA in the left superior corona radiation (p < 0.05, corrected). In T2DM, there were several overlapping WM areas associated with BMI as revealed by both LDH and FA, including right temporal lobe and left inferior parietal lobe; but the unique areas revealed only by using LDH included left inferior temporal lobe, right supramarginal gyrus, left pre- and post-central gyrus (at the semiovale center), and right superior radiation. Overlapping WM areas that associated with SBP were found with both LDH and FA, including right temporal pole, bilateral orbitofrontal area (rectus gyrus), the media cingulum bundle, and the right cerebellum crus I. However, the unique areas revealed only by LDH included right inferior temporal lobe, right inferior occipital lobe, and splenium of corpus callosum. Conclusion: Inter- and intra-voxel diffusivity metrics may have different sensitivity in the detection of T2DM-related WM abnormality. We suggested that LDH could provide supplementary information and reveal additional underlying brain changes due to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liang
- Medical Imaging Research Office, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Medical Imaging Research Office, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Qin
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Medical Imaging Research Office, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting Zheng
- Medical Imaging Research Office, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Medical Imaging Research Office, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Chen
- Medical Imaging Research Office, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Leng
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Medical Imaging Research Office, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dinggang Shen
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Chornenkyy Y, Wang W, Wei A, Nelson PT. Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus are distinct diseases with potential overlapping metabolic dysfunction upstream of observed cognitive decline. Brain Pathol 2019; 29:3-17. [PMID: 30106209 PMCID: PMC6427919 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are highly prevalent aging-related diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Some findings in human and animal models have linked T2DM to AD-type dementia. Despite epidemiological associations between the T2DM and cognitive impairment, the interrelational mechanisms are unclear. The preponderance of evidence in longitudinal studies with autopsy confirmation have indicated that vascular mechanisms, rather than classic AD-type pathologies, underlie the cognitive decline often seen in self-reported T2DM. T2DM is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and is associated with increased risk of infarcts and small vessel disease in the brain and other organs. Neuropathological examinations of post-mortem brains demonstrated evidence of cerebrovascular disease and little to no correlation between T2DM and β-amyloid deposits or neurofibrillary tangles. Nevertheless, the mechanisms upstream of early AD-specific pathology remain obscure. In this regard, there may indeed be overlap between the pathologic mechanisms of T2DM/"metabolic syndrome," and AD. More specifically, cerebral insulin processing, glucose metabolism, mitochondrial function, and/or lipid metabolism could be altered in patients in early AD and directly influence symptomatology and/or neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wang‐Xia Wang
- University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, Department of PathologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
| | - Angela Wei
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
| | - Peter T. Nelson
- University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, Department of PathologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
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13
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Impact of glycemic status on longitudinal cognitive performance in men with and without HIV infection. AIDS 2018; 32:1849-1860. [PMID: 29746300 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between glycemic status and cognitive performance in men living with HIV (MLWH) and without HIV infection. DESIGN A prospective HIV/AIDS cohort study in four US cities between 1999 and 2016. METHODS Glycemic status was categorized as normal glucose, impaired fasting glucose, controlled diabetes mellitus and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus at each semiannual visit. Cognitive performance was evaluated using nine neuropsychological tests which measure attention, constructional ability, verbal learning, executive functioning, memory and psychomotor speed. Linear mixed models were used to assess the association between glycemic status and cognition. RESULTS Overall, 900 MLWH and 1149 men without HIV were included. MLWH had significantly more person-visits with impaired fasting glucose (52.1 vs. 47.9%) and controlled diabetes mellitus (58.2 vs. 41.8%) than men without HIV (P < 0.05). Compared with men with normal glucose, men with diabetes mellitus had significantly poorer performance on psychomotor speed, executive function and verbal learning (all P < 0.05). There was no difference in cognition by HIV serostatus. The largest effect was observed in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus throughout the study period, equivalent to 16.5 and 13.4 years of aging on psychomotor speed and executive function, respectively, the effect of which remained significant after adjusting for HIV-related risk factors. Lower CD4+ nadir was also associated with worse cognitive performance. CONCLUSION Abnormalities in glucose metabolism were more common among MLWH than men without HIV and were related to impaired cognitive performance. Metabolic status, along with advanced age and previous immunosuppression, may be important predictors of cognition in the modern antiretroviral therapy era.
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Giatti S, Diviccaro S, Melcangi RC. Neuroactive Steroids and Sex-Dimorphic Nervous Damage Induced by Diabetes Mellitus. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 39:493-502. [PMID: 30109515 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease where improper glycaemic control may induce severe complications in different organs. In this review, we will discuss alterations occurring in peripheral and central nervous system of patients with type 1 (i.e., insulin dependent diabetes mellitus,) or type 2 diabetes (i.e., non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus), as well as related experimental models. A particular focus will be on the role exerted by neuroactive steroids (i.e., important regulators of nervous functions) in the nervous damage induced by diabetes. Indeed, the nervous levels of these molecules are affected by the pathology and, in agreement, their neuroprotective effects have been reported. Interestingly, the sex is another important variable. As discussed, nervous diabetic complications show sex dimorphic features in term of incidence, functional outcomes and neuroactive steroid levels. Therefore, these features represent an interesting background for possible sex-oriented therapies with neuroactive steroids aimed to counteract nervous damage observed in diabetic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Giatti S, Mastrangelo R, D'Antonio M, Pesaresi M, Romano S, Diviccaro S, Caruso D, Mitro N, Melcangi RC. Neuroactive steroids and diabetic complications in the nervous system. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 48:58-69. [PMID: 28739507 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Important complications of diabetes mellitus in the nervous system are represented by diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic encephalopathy. In this context, an important link is represented by neuroactive steroids (i.e., steroids coming from peripheral glands and affecting nervous functionality as well as directly synthesized in the nervous system). Indeed, diabetes does not only affect the reproductive axis and consequently the levels of sex steroid hormones, but also those of neuroactive steroids. Indeed, as will be here summarized, the levels of these neuromodulators present in the central and peripheral nervous system are affected by the pathology in a sex-dimorphic way. In addition, some of these neuroactive steroids, such as the metabolites of progesterone or testosterone, as well as pharmacological tools able to increase their levels have been demonstrated, in experimental models, to be promising protective agents against diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - R Mastrangelo
- Division of Genetic and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, Milano, Italy
| | - M D'Antonio
- Division of Genetic and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, Milano, Italy
| | - M Pesaresi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Romano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - D Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - N Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - R C Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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18
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García-Marchena N, Silva-Peña D, Martín-Velasco AI, Villanúa MÁ, Araos P, Pedraz M, Maza-Quiroga R, Romero-Sanchiz P, Rubio G, Castilla-Ortega E, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Serrano A, Pavón FJ. Decreased plasma concentrations of BDNF and IGF-1 in abstinent patients with alcohol use disorders. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187634. [PMID: 29108028 PMCID: PMC5673472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of growth factors as potential biomarkers in alcohol addiction may help to understand underlying mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Previous studies have linked growth factors to neural plasticity in neurocognitive impairment and mental disorders. In order to further clarify the impact of chronic alcohol consumption on circulating growth factors, a cross-sectional study was performed in abstinent AUD patients (alcohol group, N = 91) and healthy control subjects (control group, N = 55) to examine plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). The association of these plasma peptides with relevant AUD-related variables and psychiatric comorbidity was explored. The alcohol group was diagnosed with severe AUD and showed an average of 13 years of problematic use and 10 months of abstinence at the moment of participating in the study. Regarding common medical conditions associated with AUD, we observed an elevated incidence of alcohol-induced liver and pancreas diseases (18.7%) and psychiatric comorbidity (76.9%). Thus, AUD patients displayed a high prevalence of dual diagnosis (39.3%) [mainly depression (19.9%)] and comorbid substance use disorders (40.7%). Plasma BDNF and IGF-1 concentrations were significantly lower in the alcohol group than in the control group (p<0.001). Remarkably, there was a negative association between IGF-1 concentrations and age in the control group (r = -0.52, p<0.001) that was not found in the alcohol group. Concerning AUD-related variables, AUD patients with liver and pancreas diseases showed even lower concentrations of BDNF (p<0.05). In contrast, the changes in plasma concentrations of these peptides were not associated with abstinence, problematic use, AUD severity or lifetime psychiatric comorbidity. These results suggest that further research is necessary to elucidate the role of BDNF in alcohol-induced toxicity and the biological significance of the lack of correlation between age and plasma IGF-1 levels in abstinent AUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria García-Marchena
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel Silva-Peña
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - María Ángeles Villanúa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Araos
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Pedraz
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa Maza-Quiroga
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pablo Romero-Sanchiz
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Instituto i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail: (FRF); (AS); (FJP)
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail: (FRF); (AS); (FJP)
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail: (FRF); (AS); (FJP)
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Hoffman WH, Artlett CM, Boodhoo D, Gilliland MGF, Ortiz L, Mulder D, Tjan DHT, Martin A, Tatomir A, Rus H. Markers of immune-mediated inflammation in the brains of young adults and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and fatal diabetic ketoacidosis. Is there a difference? Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:505-514. [PMID: 28533125 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the limited data on diabetic ketoacidosis and brain edema (DKA/BE) in children/adolescents and the lack of recent data on adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D), we addressed the question of whether neuroinflammation was present in the fatal DKA of adults. We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies on the brains of two young adults with T1D and fatal DKA and compared them with two teenagers with poorly controlled diabetes and fatal DKA. C5b-9, the membrane attack complex (MAC) had significantly greater deposits in the grey and white matter of the teenagers than the young adults (p=0.03). CD59, a MAC assembly inhibitory protein was absent, possibly suppressed by the hyperglycemia in the teenagers but was expressed in the young adults despite comparable average levels of hyperglycemia. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) had an average expression in the young adults significantly greater than in the teenagers (p=0.02). The autophagy marker Light Chain 3 (LC3) A/B was the predominant form of programmed cell death (PCD) in the teenage brains. The young adults had high expressions of both LC3A/B and TUNEL, an apoptotic cell marker for DNA fragmentation. BE was present in the newly diagnosed young adult with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar DKA and also in the two teenagers. Our data indicate that significant differences in neuroinflammatory components, initiated by the dysregulation of DKA and interrelated metabolic and immunologic milieu, are likely present in the brains of fatal DKA of teenagers when compared with young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
| | - Carol M Artlett
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States
| | - Dallas Boodhoo
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Mary G F Gilliland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - Luis Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Dries Mulder
- Department of Pathology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - David H T Tjan
- Department of Intensive Care, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Alvaro Martin
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Alexandru Tatomir
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Horea Rus
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Research Service, Veterans Administration Maryland Health Care System, MD 21201, United States.
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Kang KB, Ryu J, Cho Y, Choi SZ, Son M, Sung SH. Combined Application of UHPLC-QTOF/MS, HPLC-ELSD and 1 H-NMR Spectroscopy for Quality Assessment of DA-9801, A Standardised Dioscorea Extract. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:185-194. [PMID: 27910174 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DA-9801, a standardised 50% aqueous ethanolic extract of a mixture of Dioscorea japonica and D. nipponica, is a botanical drug candidate for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, which finished its US phase II clinical trials recently. An advanced quality control method is needed for further development of DA-9801, considering its high contents of both primary and secondary metabolites. OBJECTIVE Development of a quality assessment strategy for DA-9801, based on the combination of UHPLC-QTOF/MS, HPLC-ELSD, and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. METHODS The method was developed and tested with 15 batch products of DA-9801. The steroidal saponins of DA-9801 were tentatively identified by UHPLC-QTOF/MS and were quantified with the validated HPLC-ELSD method. Primary metabolites of DA-9801 were identified and profiled using 1 H-NMR spectrometry. The batch-to-batch equivalence of DA-9801 was tested with the 1 H-NMR spectra using spectral binning, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. RESULTS Six major saponins of DA-9801 were tentatively identified by UHPLC-QTOF/MS. Among them, protodioscin and dioscin were quantified by the validated HPLC-ELSD method. Twenty-six metabolites were identified in 1 H-NMR spectra. The similarity between DA-9801 batches could be evaluated with the NMR spectra of DA-9801. The 1 H-NMR method also revealed that two Dioscorea species contributed distinct amino acids to the contents of DA-9801. CONCLUSION This study validates the effectiveness of UHPLC-QTOF/MS, HPLC-ELSD, and 1 H NMR-combined method for quality control of DA-9801 and its crude materials. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Bin Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Ryu
- Research Planning & Management Department, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoong Cho
- Research Planning & Management Department, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Zin Choi
- Research Planning & Management Department, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Miwon Son
- Research Planning & Management Department, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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de la Hoz CL, Cheng C, Fernyhough P, Zochodne DW. A model of chronic diabetic polyneuropathy: benefits from intranasal insulin are modified by sex and RAGE deletion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E407-E419. [PMID: 28223295 PMCID: PMC5451527 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00444.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a progressive complication of chronic diabetes mellitus. Preliminary evidence has suggested that intranasal insulin, in doses insufficient to alter hyperglycemia, suppresses the development of DPN. In this work we confirm this finding, but demonstrate that its impact is modified by sex and deletion of RAGE, the receptor for advanced glycosylation end products. We serially evaluated experimental DPN in male and female wild-type mice and male RAGE null (RN) mice, each with nondiabetic controls, during 16 wk of diabetes, the final 8 wk including groups given intranasal insulin. Age-matched nondiabetic female mice had higher motor and sensory conduction velocities than their male counterparts and had lesser conduction slowing from chronic diabetes. Intranasal insulin improved slowing in both sexes. In male RN mice, there was less conduction slowing with chronic diabetes, and intranasal insulin provided limited benefits. Rotarod testing and hindpaw grip power offered less consistent impacts. Mechanical sensitivity and thermal sensitivity were respectively but disparately changed and improved with insulin in wild-type female and male mice but not RN male mice. These studies confirm that intranasal insulin improves indexes of experimental DPN but indicates that females with DPN may differ in their underlying phenotype. RN mice had partial but incomplete protection from underlying DPN and lesser impacts from insulin. We also identify an important role for sex in the development of DPN and report evidence that insulin and AGE-RAGE pathways in its pathogenesis may overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane L de la Hoz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Chu Cheng
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada;
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
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Xu Y, Zhou H, Zhu Q. The Impact of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis on Diabetic Cognition Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:106. [PMID: 28496408 PMCID: PMC5406474 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive cognitive dysfunction is a central characteristic of diabetic encephalopathy (DE). With an aging population, the incidence of DE is rising and it has become a major threat that seriously affects public health. Studies within this decade have indicated the important role of risk factors such as oxidative stress and inflammation on the development of cognitive impairment. With the recognition of the two-way communication between gut and brain, recent investigation suggests that “microbiota-gut-brain axis” also plays a pivotal role in modulating both cognition function and endocrine stability. This review aims to systemically elucidate the underlying impact of diabetes on cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and TechnologyTaipa, Macau.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology)Taipa, Macau
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and TechnologyTaipa, Macau.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology)Taipa, Macau.,Laboratory for Bioassay and Molecular Pharmacology of Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and HealthTaipa, Macau
| | - Quan Zhu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and TechnologyTaipa, Macau.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology)Taipa, Macau.,Laboratory for Bioassay and Molecular Pharmacology of Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and HealthTaipa, Macau.,Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Institute of Consun Co. for Chinese Medicine in Kidney DiseasesGuangzhou, China
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Akhter F, Chen D, Yan SF, Yan SS. Mitochondrial Perturbation in Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 146:341-361. [PMID: 28253990 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are well-known cellular organelles that play a vital role in cellular bioenergetics, heme biosynthesis, thermogenesis, calcium homeostasis, lipid catabolism, and other metabolic activities. Given the extensive role of mitochondria in cell function, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a part in many diseases, including diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In most cases, there is overwhelming evidence that impaired mitochondrial function is a causative factor in these diseases. Studying mitochondrial function in diseased cells vs healthy cells may reveal the modified mechanisms and molecular components involved in specific disease states. In this chapter, we provide a concise overview of the major recent findings on mitochondrial abnormalities and their link to synaptic dysfunction relevant to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD and diabetes. Our increased understanding of the role of mitochondrial perturbation indicates that the development of specific small molecules targeting aberrant mitochondrial function could provide therapeutic benefits for the brain in combating aging-related dementia and neurodegenerative diseases by powering up brain energy and improving synaptic function and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Akhter
- School of Pharmacy, Higuchi Bioscience Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - D Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Higuchi Bioscience Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - S F Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Higuchi Bioscience Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - S S Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Higuchi Bioscience Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
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Abstract
Although an association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and cognitive dysfunction has been recognized for a century, it is often not considered as a complication of DM and remains under-recognized. Cognitive dysfunction, usually present as mild cognitive impairment, can occur with either type 1 or type 2 DM. Both forms of DM contribute to accelerated cerebral atrophy and to the presence of heightened white matter abnormalities. These effects are noted most at the two extremes of life, in childhood and in the advanced years. The cognitive spheres most affected include attention and executive function, processing speed, perception, and memory. Although DM is unlikely to lead to frank dementia, its ability to exacerbate existing neurodegenerative processes, such as Alzheimer disease, will impact tremendously upon our society in the upcoming decades as our population ages. This chapter describes the clinical impact of DM upon the brain, along with discussion of the potential therapeutic avenues to be discovered in the coming decades. We need to prepare for better preventative and therapeutic management of this cerebral neurodegenerative condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Toth
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Histological study on the protective role of vitamin B complex on the cerebellum of diabetic rat. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:283-96. [PMID: 27394072 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorder in cerebellar structure was reported in diabetes mellitus. B vitamins are involved in many significant metabolic processes within the brain. AIM OF THE WORK To detect the protective role of vitamin B complex on the histological structure of the cerebellum of experimentally induced diabetic rat. MATERIAL & METHODS Eighteen adult male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Group I: normal vehicle control (n=6). Group II: streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (n=12), which was equally divided into two subgroups; IIA (diabetic vehicle control), IIB (diabetic vitamin B complex-treated): streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with vitamin B complex (1mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. Specimens from the cerebellum were processed for light and electron microscopy. RESULTS In vitamin B complex treated group, the histological changes in Purkinje cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were improved compared with the diabetic non-treated group. The white matter revealed intact myelinated axons. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and caspase-3 expression reduced. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression revealed less activated astroglia. The number of Purkinje cells/mm(2) significantly increased. While, the number of GFAP positive astrocytes/mm(2) significantly decreased. In addition, the blood glucose level was reduced. CONCLUSION Vitamin B complex protected the cerebellum from the histological changes which occurred in STZ- induced diabetic rats.
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Abstract
According to International Diabetic Federation, type 2 diabetic population is on the rise globally and cognitive decline is one of the complications seen in type 2 diabetes. The present study is aimed at exploring the role of regular practice of yoga on cognition in type 2 diabetes and also to study the relation between the cognition and functional status of autonomic nervous system by considering the Cardiac Autonomic (CAN) function tests. Ten type 2 diabetic subjects of both the sex, aged between 35-55 years, who practiced yoga for a period of six months at Yogi Vemana Yoga Research Institute were recruited as test group. Age and sex matched ten type 2 diabetic subjects were recruited as control group; both the group subjects are on oral hypoglycemic agents. Glycosylated hemoglobin concentration was estimated with Bio-Rad instrument, cognition was assessed with Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised battery and Cardiac autonomic function tests were also conducted. Unpaired student t test was performed and p<0.05 is considered statistically significant. The mean HbA1c concentration in control and test group subjects is 7.8±1.84 and 6.9±0.4% (p=0.03) respectively. Mean cognitive scores in test and control group subjects are 93±4.5 and 85±4.0 (p=0.008) respectively. CAN test results didn't showed any significance between the test and control group. But CAN functions are affected in both the groups. Regular practice of yoga in combination with oral hypoglycemic agents has a positive effect on cognition in type 2 diabetes.
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Oliveira WH, Nunes AK, França MER, Santos LA, Lós DB, Rocha SW, Barbosa KP, Rodrigues GB, Peixoto CA. Effects of metformin on inflammation and short-term memory in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Brain Res 2016; 1644:149-60. [PMID: 27174003 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the action of metformin on short-term memory, glial cell activation and neuroinflammation caused by experimental diabetic encephalopathy in C57BL/6 mice. Diabetes was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of a dose of 90mg/kg of streptozotocin on two successive days. Mice with blood glucose levels ≥200dl/ml were considered diabetic and were given metformin hydrochloride at doses of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg (by gavage, twice daily) for 21 days. On the final day of treatment, the mice underwent a T-maze test. On the 22nd day of treatment all the animals were anesthetized and euthanized. Diabetic animals treated with metformin had a higher spatial memory score. The hippocampus of the diabetic animals presented reactive gliosis, neuronal loss, NF-kB signaling activation, and high levels of IL-1 and VEGF. In addition, the T-maze test scores of these animals were low. Treatment with metformin reduced the expression of GFAP, Iba-1 (astrocyte and microglial markers) and the inflammation markers (p-IKB, IL-1 and VEGF), while enhancing p-AMPK and eNOS levels and increasing neuronal survival (Fox-1 and NeuN). Treatment with metformin also improved the spatial memory scores of diabetic animals. In conclusion, the present study showed that metformin can significantly reduce neuroinflammation and can decrease the loss of neurons in the hippocampus of diabetic animals, which can subsequently promote improvements in spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma Helena Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), PE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, PE, Brazil.
| | - Ana Karolina Nunes
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Rocha França
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), PE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, PE, Brazil
| | - Laise Aline Santos
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), PE, Brazil
| | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Plasticidade Neuromuscular, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, PE, Brazil
| | - Sura Wanessa Rocha
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), PE, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Barros Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), PE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, PE, Brazil
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Wang H, Chen F, Zhong KL, Tang SS, Hu M, Long Y, Miao MX, Liao JM, Sun HB, Hong H. PPARγ agonists regulate bidirectional transport of amyloid-β across the blood-brain barrier and hippocampus plasticity in db/db mice. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:372-85. [PMID: 26507867 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is emerging evidence suggesting that abnormal transport of amyloid-β (Aβ) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is involved in diabetes-associated cognitive decline. We investigated whether PPARγ agonists restore Aβ transport across the BBB and hippocampal plasticity in db/db mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Efflux and influx of Aβ across the BBB were determined by stereotaxic intra-cerebral or i.a. infusion of [(125) I]-Aβ1-40 respectively. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which are involved in Aβ influx and efflux, PPARγ and NF-κB p65 at the BBB, as well as hippocampal Aβ, caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 were assayed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. In vivo, hippocampal LTP was recorded, and Morris water maze and Y-maze tasks were performed. KEY RESULTS Treatment with PPARγ agonists, rosiglitazone (0.8 mg·kg(-1) ) and pioglitazone (9.0 mg·kg(-1) ), for 6 weeks significantly increased Aβ efflux and decreased Aβ influx across the BBB in db/db mice. Concomitantly, they decreased hippocampal Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 , suppressed neuronal apoptosis, as indicated by decreased caspase-3 activity and increased ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and increased hippocampal plasticity, characterized by an enhanced in vivo LTP and better performance in behavioural tests. Furthermore, the PPARγ agonists induced the expression of LRP1 gene by activation of PPARγ and suppressed RAGE gene expression by inactivation of NF-κB signalling at the BBB of db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PPARγ agonists modify abnormal Aβ transport across the BBB and this is accompanied by amelioration of β-amyloidosis and an improvement in hippocampal plasticity in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Long Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Su Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Xing Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Min Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Bing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Gad ES, Zaitone SA, Moustafa YM. Pioglitazone and exenatide enhance cognition and downregulate hippocampal beta amyloid oligomer and microglia expression in insulin-resistant rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:819-28. [PMID: 27389824 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is known to be a risk factor for cognitive impairment, most likely linked to insulin signaling, microglia overactivation, and beta amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the brain. Exenatide, a long lasting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, enhances insulin signaling and shows neuroprotective properties. Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferated-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, was previously reported to enhance cognition through its effect on Aβ accumulation and clearance. In the present study, insulin resistance was induced in male rats by drinking fructose for 12 weeks. The effect of monotherapy with pioglitazone (10 mg·kg(-1)) and exenatide or their combination on memory dysfunction was determined and some of the probable underlying mechanisms were studied. The current results confirmed that (1) feeding male rats with fructose syrup for 12 weeks resulted in a decline of learning and memory registered in eight-arm radial maze test; (2) treatment with pioglitazone or exenatide enhanced cognition, reduced hippocampal neurodegeneration, and reduced hippocampal microglia expression and beta amyloid oligomer deposition in a manner that is equal to monotherapies. These results may give promise for the use of pioglitazone or exenatide for ameliorating the learning and memory deficits associated with insulin resistance in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas S Gad
- a Medical Department at Faculty of Commerce, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Moustafa
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Chen F, Dong RR, Zhong KL, Ghosh A, Tang SS, Long Y, Hu M, Miao MX, Liao JM, Sun HB, Kong LY, Hong H. Antidiabetic drugs restore abnormal transport of amyloid-β across the blood-brain barrier and memory impairment in db/db mice. Neuropharmacology 2015. [PMID: 26211973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown significant changes in amyloid-β (Aβ) transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under diabetic conditions with hypoinsulinemia, which is involved in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment. Present study employed db/db mice with hyperinsulinemia to investigate changes in Aβ transport across the BBB, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and restorative effects of antidiabetic drugs. Our results showed that db/db mice exhibited similar changes in Aβ transport across the BBB to that of insulin-deficient mice. Chronic treatment of db/db mice with antidiabetic drugs such as metformin, glibenclamide and insulin glargine significantly decreased Aβ influx across the BBB determined by intra-arterial infusion of (125)I-Aβ(1-40), and expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) participating in Aβ influx. Insulin glargine, but not, metformin or glibenclamide increased Aβ efflux across the BBB determined by stereotaxic intra-cerebral infusion of (125)I-Aβ(1-40), and expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) participating in Aβ efflux. Moreover, treatment with these drugs significantly decreased hippocampal Aβ(1-40) or Aβ(1-42) and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. The drugs also ameliorated memory impairment confirmed by improved performance on behavioral tasks. However, insulin glargine or glibenclamide, but not metformin, restored hippocampal synaptic plasticity characterized by enhancing in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP). Further study found that these three drugs significantly restrained NF-κB, but only insulin glargine enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activity at the BBB in db/db mice. Our data indicate that the antidiabetic drugs can partially restore abnormal Aβ transport across the BBB and memory impairment under diabetic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Rong Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kai Long Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Su Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming Xing Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Min Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Bing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling Yi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Taylor SL, Trudeau D, Arnold B, Wang J, Gerrow K, Summerfeldt K, Holmes A, Zamani A, Brocardo PS, Brown CE. VEGF can protect against blood brain barrier dysfunction, dendritic spine loss and spatial memory impairment in an experimental model of diabetes. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 78:1-11. [PMID: 25829228 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies have shown a clear link between diabetes, vascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. However, the molecular underpinnings of this association remain unclear. Since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is important for maintaining vascular integrity and function, we hypothesized that vascular and cognitive impairment in the diabetic brain could be related to a deficiency in VEGF signaling. Here we show that chronic hyperglycemia (~8weeks) in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes leads to a selective reduction in the expression of VEGF and its cognate receptor (VEGF-R2) in the hippocampus. Correlating with this, diabetic mice showed selective deficits in spatial memory in the Morris water maze, increased vessel area, width and permeability in the dentate gyrus/CA1 region of the hippocampus and reduced spine densities in CA1 neurons. Chronic low dose infusion of VEGF in diabetic mice was sufficient to restore VEGF signaling, protect them from memory deficits, as well as vascular and synaptic abnormalities in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that a hippocampal specific reduction in VEGF signaling and resultant vascular/neuronal defects may underlie early manifestations of cognitive impairment commonly associated with diabetes. Furthermore, restoring VEGF signaling may be a useful strategy for preserving hippocampal-related brain circuitry in degenerative vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Taylor
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Dustin Trudeau
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brendan Arnold
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Joshua Wang
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kim Gerrow
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kieran Summerfeldt
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Akram Zamani
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Patricia S Brocardo
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Craig E Brown
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Erus G, Battapady H, Zhang T, Lovato J, Miller ME, Williamson JD, Launer LJ, Bryan RN, Davatzikos C. Spatial patterns of structural brain changes in type 2 diabetic patients and their longitudinal progression with intensive control of blood glucose. Diabetes Care 2015; 38:97-104. [PMID: 25336747 PMCID: PMC4274773 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the effect of diabetes as well as of alternative treatment strategies on cerebral structure is critical for the development of targeted interventions against accelerated neurodegeneration in type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether diabetes characteristics were associated with spatially specific patterns of brain changes and whether those patterns were affected by intensive versus standard glycemic treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using baseline MRIs of 488 participants with type 2 diabetes from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes-Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) study, we applied a new voxel-based analysis methodology to identify spatially specific patterns of gray matter and white matter volume loss related to diabetes duration and HbA1c. The longitudinal analysis used 40-month follow-up data to evaluate differences in progression of volume loss between intensive and standard glycemic treatment arms. RESULTS Participants with longer diabetes duration had significantly lower gray matter volumes, primarily in certain regions in the frontal and temporal lobes. The longitudinal analysis of treatment effects revealed a heterogeneous pattern of decelerated loss of gray matter volume associated with intensive glycemic treatment. Intensive treatment decelerated volume loss, particularly in regions adjacent to those cross-sectionally associated with diabetes duration. No significant relationship between low versus high baseline HbA1c levels and brain changes was found. Finally, regions in which cognitive change was associated with longitudinal volume loss had only small overlap with regions related to diabetes duration and to treatment effects. CONCLUSIONS Applying advanced quantitative image pattern analysis methods on longitudinal MRI data of a large sample of patients with type 2 diabetes, we demonstrate that there are spatially specific patterns of brain changes that vary by diabetes characteristics and that the progression of gray matter volume loss is slowed by intensive glycemic treatment, particularly in regions adjacent to areas affected by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guray Erus
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA) and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Harsha Battapady
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA) and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA) and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James Lovato
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Michael E Miller
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jeff D Williamson
- Roena B. Kulynych Center for Memory and Cognition Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - R Nick Bryan
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA) and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA) and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA
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Moon E, Lee SO, Kang TH, Kim HJ, Choi SZ, Son MW, Kim SY. Dioscorea Extract (DA-9801) Modulates Markers of Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:445-52. [PMID: 25414776 PMCID: PMC4201231 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of DA-9801, an optimized extract of Dioscorea species, on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in a type 2 diabetic animal model. In this study, db/db mice were treated with DA-9801 (30 and 100 mg/kg, daily, p.o.) for 12 weeks. DA-9801 reduced the blood glucose levels and increased the withdrawal latencies in hot plate tests. Moreover, it prevented nerve damage based on increased nerve conduction velocity and ultrastructural changes. Decrease of nerve growth factor (NGF) may have a detrimental effect on diabetic neuropathy. We previously reported NGF regulatory properties of the Dioscorea genus. In this study, DA-9801 induced NGF production in rat primary astrocytes. In addition, it increased NGF levels in the sciatic nerve and the plasma of type 2 diabetic animals. DA-9801 also increased neurite outgrowth and mRNA expression of Tieg1/Klf10, an NGF target gene, in PC12 cells. These results demonstrated the attenuation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy by oral treatment with DA-9801 via NGF regulation. DA-9801 is currently being evaluated in a phase II clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799
| | - Sung Ok Lee
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, Yongin 446-701
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, Yongin 446-701
| | | | | | | | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799 ; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
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Yan T, Venkat P, Ye X, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Ning R, Cui Y, Roberts C, Kuzmin-Nichols N, Sanberg CD, Chen J. HUCBCs increase angiopoietin 1 and induce neurorestorative effects after stroke in T1DM rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:935-44. [PMID: 25042092 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the neurorestorative effects and underlying mechanisms of stroke treatment with human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBCs) in Type one diabetes mellitus (T1DM) rats. METHODS Type one diabetes mellitus rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and 24 h later were treated with: (1) phosphate-buffered-saline; (2) HUCBCs. Brain endothelial cells (MBECs) were cultured and capillary tube formation was measured. RESULTS Human umbilical cord blood cells treatment significantly improved functional outcome and promoted white matter (WM) remodeling, as identified by Bielschowsky silver, Luxol fast blue and SMI-31 expression, increased oligodendrocyte progenitor cell and oligodendrocyte density after stroke in T1DM rats. HUCBC also promoted vascular remodeling, evident from enhanced vascular and arterial density and increased artery diameter, and decreased blood-brain barrier leakage. HUCBC treatment also increased Angiopoietin-1 and decreased receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) expression compared to T1DM-MCAo control. In vitro analysis of MBECs demonstrated that Ang1 inversely regulated RAGE expression. HUCBC and Ang1 significantly increased capillary tube formation and decreased inflammatory factor expression, while anti-Ang1 attenuated HUCBC-induced tube formation and antiinflammatory effects. CONCLUSION Human umbilical cord blood cells is an effective neurorestorative therapy in T1DM-MCAo rats and the enhanced vascular and WM remodeling and associated functional recovery after stroke may be attributed to increasing Angiopoietin-1 and decreasing RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Neurology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Lee JH, Choi Y, Jun C, Hong YS, Cho HB, Kim JE, Lyoo IK. Neurocognitive changes and their neural correlates in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2014; 29:112-21. [PMID: 25031883 PMCID: PMC4091490 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2014.29.2.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence and life expectancy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continue to increase, the importance of effective detection and intervention for the complications of T2DM, especially neurocognitive complications including cognitive dysfunction and dementia, is receiving greater attention. T2DM is thought to influence cognitive function through an as yet unclear mechanism that involves multiple factors such as hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and vascular disease. Recent developments in neuroimaging methods have led to the identification of potential neural correlates of T2DM-related neurocognitive changes, which extend from structural to functional and metabolite alterations in the brain. The evidence indicates various changes in the T2DM brain, including global and regional atrophy, white matter hyperintensity, altered functional connectivity, and changes in neurometabolite levels. Continued neuroimaging research is expected to further elucidate the underpinnings of cognitive decline in T2DM and allow better diagnosis and treatment of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun H Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yera Choi
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chansoo Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sun Hong
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Byul Cho
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun E Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Barnea-Goraly N, Raman M, Mazaika P, Marzelli M, Hershey T, Weinzimer SA, Aye T, Buckingham B, Mauras N, White NH, Fox LA, Tansey M, Beck RW, Ruedy KJ, Kollman C, Cheng P, Reiss AL. Alterations in white matter structure in young children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:332-40. [PMID: 24319123 PMCID: PMC3898758 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether type 1 diabetes affects white matter (WM) structure in a large sample of young children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Children (ages 4 to <10 years) with type 1 diabetes (n = 127) and age-matched nondiabetic control subjects (n = 67) had diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans in this multisite neuroimaging study. Participants with type 1 diabetes were assessed for HbA1c history and lifetime adverse events, and glucose levels were monitored using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) device and standardized measures of cognition. RESULTS Between-group analysis showed that children with type 1 diabetes had significantly reduced axial diffusivity (AD) in widespread brain regions compared with control subjects. Within the type 1 diabetes group, earlier onset of diabetes was associated with increased radial diffusivity (RD) and longer duration was associated with reduced AD, reduced RD, and increased fractional anisotropy (FA). In addition, HbA1c values were significantly negatively associated with FA values and were positively associated with RD values in widespread brain regions. Significant associations of AD, RD, and FA were found for CGM measures of hyperglycemia and glucose variability but not for hypoglycemia. Finally, we observed a significant association between WM structure and cognitive ability in children with type 1 diabetes but not in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest vulnerability of the developing brain in young children to effects of type 1 diabetes associated with chronic hyperglycemia and glucose variability.
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Huang CY, Kuo WW, Wang HF, Lin CJ, Lin YM, Chen JL, Kuo CH, Chen PK, Lin JY. GABA tea ameliorates cerebral cortex apoptosis and autophagy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Diabetes cognitive impairments and the effect of traditional chinese herbs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:649396. [PMID: 24386004 PMCID: PMC3872237 DOI: 10.1155/2013/649396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The problem of cognitive impairment resulting from diabetes is gaining more acceptance and attention. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been proved to be associated with reduced performance on numerous domains of cognitive function. Although the exact mechanisms of cognitive impairments in diabetes have not been completely understood, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance seem to play significant roles. And other possible risk factors such as hypoglycemia, insulin deficiency, vascular risk factors, hyperactive HPA axis, depression, and altered neurotransmitters will also be examined. In the meanwhile, this review analyzed the role of the active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of diabetes cognitive impairments.
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King MR, Anderson NJ, Guernsey LS, Jolivalt CG. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition prevents learning deficits in diabetic mice. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:506-14. [PMID: 23362012 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing awareness that diabetes has an impact on the central nervous system, with reports of impaired learning, memory, and mental flexibility being more common in diabetic subjects than in the general population. Insulin-deficient diabetic mice also display learning deficits associated with defective insulin-signaling in the brain and increased activity of GSK3. In the present study, AR-A014418, a GSK3β inhibitor, and TX14(A), a neurotrophic factor with GSK3 inhibitory properties, were tested against the development of learning deficits in mice with insulin-deficient diabetes. Treatments were started at onset of diabetes and continued for 10 weeks. Treatment with AR-A014418 or TX14(A) prevented the development of learning deficits, assessed by the Barnes maze, but only AR-A014418 prevented memory deficits, as assessed by the object recognition test. Diabetes-induced increased levels of amyloid β protein and phosphorylated tau were not significantly affected by the treatments. However, the diabetes-induced decrease in synaptophysin, a presynaptic protein marker of hippocampal plasticity, was partially prevented by both treatments. These results suggest a role for GSK3 and/or reduced neurotrophic support in the development of cognitive deficits in diabetic mice that are associated with synaptic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R King
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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41
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Duarte AI, Candeias E, Correia SC, Santos RX, Carvalho C, Cardoso S, Plácido A, Santos MS, Oliveira CR, Moreira PI. Crosstalk between diabetes and brain: glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics as a promising therapy against neurodegeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:527-41. [PMID: 23314196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
According to World Health Organization estimates, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an epidemic (particularly in under development countries) and a socio-economic challenge. This is even more relevant since increasing evidence points T2D as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), supporting the hypothesis that AD is a "type 3 diabetes" or "brain insulin resistant state". Despite the limited knowledge on the molecular mechanisms and the etiological complexity of both pathologies, evidence suggests that neurodegeneration/death underlying cognitive dysfunction (and ultimately dementia) upon long-term T2D may arise from a complex interplay between T2D and brain aging. Additionally, decreased brain insulin levels/signaling and glucose metabolism in both pathologies further suggests that an effective treatment strategy for one disorder may be also beneficial in the other. In this regard, one such promising strategy is a novel successful anti-T2D class of drugs, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics (e.g. exendin-4 or liraglutide), whose potential neuroprotective effects have been increasingly shown in the last years. In fact, several studies showed that, besides improving peripheral (and probably brain) insulin signaling, GLP-1 analogs minimize cell loss and possibly rescue cognitive decline in models of AD, Parkinson's (PD) or Huntington's disease. Interestingly, exendin-4 is undergoing clinical trials to test its potential as an anti-PD therapy. Herewith, we aim to integrate the available data on the metabolic and neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 mimetics in the central nervous system (CNS) with the complex crosstalk between T2D-AD, as well as their potential therapeutic value against T2D-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Duarte
- Life Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Hoffman WH, Shacka JJ, Andjelkovic AV. Autophagy in the brains of young patients with poorly controlled T1DM and fatal diabetic ketoacidosis. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 93:273-80. [PMID: 22079479 PMCID: PMC5557498 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Semi-quantitative neuroradiologic studies, quantitative neuron density studies and immunocytochemistry markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation indicate neuronal injury and deficits in young patients with chronic poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Present data suggest that pathogenesis of the neuronal deficits in young patients, who die as the result of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and brain edema (BE), does not involve apoptosis, a prominent form of regulated cell death in many disease states. To further address this we studied mediators of macroautophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. In all areas studied we demonstrated increased levels of macroautophagy-associated proteins including light chain-3 (LC3) and autophagy related protein-4 (Atg4), as well as increased levels of the ER-associated glucose-regulated protein78/binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BiP) in T1DM. In contrast, cleaved caspase-3 was rarely detected in any T1DM brain regions. These results suggest that chronic metabolic instability and oxidative stress may cause alterations in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway but not apoptosis, and macroautophagy-associated molecules may serve as useful candidates for further study in the pathogenesis of early neuronal deficits in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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43
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Advanced Glycation End Products Increase Permeability of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells through Reactive Oxygen Species–Induced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2012; 21:293-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 08/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Correia SC, Santos RX, Carvalho C, Cardoso S, Candeias E, Santos MS, Oliveira CR, Moreira PI. Insulin signaling, glucose metabolism and mitochondria: major players in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes interrelation. Brain Res 2012; 1441:64-78. [PMID: 22290178 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have shown that diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, significantly increases the risk to develop Alzheimer's disease. Both diseases share several common abnormalities including impaired glucose metabolism, increased oxidative stress, insulin resistance and deposition of amyloidogenic proteins. It has been suggested that these two diseases disrupt common cellular and molecular pathways and each disease potentiates the progression of the other. This review discusses clinical and biochemical features shared by Alzheimer's disease and diabetes, giving special attention to the involvement of insulin signaling, glucose metabolism and mitochondria. Understanding the key mechanisms underlying this deleterious interaction may provide opportunities for the design of effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia C Correia
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
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45
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Fritz G. RAGE: a single receptor fits multiple ligands. Trends Biochem Sci 2011; 36:625-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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DeVisser A, Yang C, Herring A, Martinez JA, Rosales-Hernandez A, Poliakov I, Ayer A, Garven A, Zaver S, Rincon N, Xu K, Tuor UI, Schmidt AM, Toth C. RETRACTED: Differential impact of diabetes and hypertension in the brain: Adverse effects in grey matter. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 44:161-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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47
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Zochodne DW. Diabetic Neuropathies. Neuromuscul Disord 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119973331.ch22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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48
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Yang C, DeVisser A, Martinez JA, Poliakov I, Rosales-Hernandez A, Ayer A, Garven A, Zaver S, Rincon N, Xu K, Tuor UI, Schmidt AM, Toth C. Differential impact of diabetes and hypertension in the brain: adverse effects in white matter. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 42:446-58. [PMID: 21324363 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans subjected to diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or hypertension (HTN) develop cognitive decline, cerebral atrophy and white matter abnormalities, but the relative effects of DM and HTN upon myelin and axonal integrity is unknown. We studied models of Type 1 (streptozotocin-induced) and Type 2 DM (ZDF) ± HTN (ZSF-1, SHR) in adult rats using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and structural and molecular techniques. Type 1 or 2 DM independently led to loss of myelin associated with changes with MRI T2 and magnetization tensor ratios throughout white matter regions. HTN's effect on myelin loss was minimal. Loss of oligodendroglia and myelin proteins was only identified in either Type 1 or Type 2 DM. Activation of the signal transduction pathways initiated by the receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGEs), RAGE, including upregulation of the signal transducer nuclear factor (NF) κB only occurred with DM. Diabetes is a greater contributor to white matter loss than hypertension in the rat brain, while hypertension only plays a mild additive effect upon neurodegeneration in the presence of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Yang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathies are now accepted complications of diabetes. They appear to differ in type 1 and type 2 diabetes as to underlying mechanisms and the nature of resulting cognitive deficits. The increased incidence of Alzheimer's disease in type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, and commonly accompanying attributes such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and obesity. The relevance of these disorders as to the emergence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease is discussed based on epidemiological studies. The pathobiology of accumulation of β-amyloid and tau the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease are discussed based on experimental data. Type 1 diabetic encephalopathy is likely to increase as a result of the global increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes and its occurrence in increasingly younger patients. Alzheimer-like changes and dementia are not prominently increased in type 1 diabetes. Instead, the type 1 diabetic encephalopathy involves learning abilities, intelligence development and memory retrieval resulting in impaired school and professional performances. The major underlying component here appears to be insulin deficiency with downstream effects on the expression of neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, oxidative and apoptotic stressors resulting in defects in neuronal integrity, connectivity and loss commonly occurring in the still developing brain. Recent experimental data emphasize the role of impaired central insulin action and provide information as to potential therapies. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms resulting in diabetic encephalopathies are complex and appear to differ between the two types of diabetes. Major headway has been made in our understanding of their pathobiology; however, many questions remain to be clarified. In view of the increasing incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, intensified investigations are called for to expand our understanding of these complications and to find therapeutic means by which these disastrous consequences can be prevented and modified.
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MESH Headings
- Amyloid/metabolism
- Animals
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic/diagnosis
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic/epidemiology
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic/etiology
- Diabetes Complications/diagnosis
- Diabetes Complications/epidemiology
- Diabetes Complications/psychology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/psychology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- tau Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders A F Sima
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Valsecchi AE, Franchi S, Panerai AE, Rossi A, Sacerdote P, Colleoni M. The soy isoflavone genistein reverses oxidative and inflammatory state, neuropathic pain, neurotrophic and vasculature deficits in diabetes mouse model. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 650:694-702. [PMID: 21050844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of diabetes complications remains a substantial challenge. The aim of this study was to explore the ability of the soy isoflavone genistein in attenuating the signs that follow diabetes onset: nociceptive hypersensitivity, oxidative and inflammatory state, nerve growth factor (NGF) decrease and vascular dysfunctions. Genistein (3 and 6 mg/kg) was administered to C57BL/6J streptozotocin diabetic mice from the 2nd till the 5th week after disease induction. The hind paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation (tactile allodynia) was evaluated by a von Frey filament. The oxidative stress was assessed measuring: reactive oxygen species by fluorimetric analysis, both the lipoperoxide content, as malondialdehyde, the antioxidant enzymatic activities spectrophotometrically and the glutathione content spectrofluorimetrically. Proinflammatory cytokines and NGF were measured in the sciatic nerve by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Aortic inducible (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein content was measured by western immunoblotting. Genistein relieved diabetic peripheral painful neuropathy, reverted the proinflammatory cytokine and reactive oxygen species overproduction, and restored the NGF content in diabetic sciatic nerve. Furthermore it restored the GSH content and the GSH and GSSG ratio, improved the antioxidant enzymes activities, decreased reactive oxygen species and lipoperoxide level in the brain and liver. Finally it restored the iNOS and eNOS content and the superoxide dismutase activity in thoracic aorta. Hyperglycaemia and weight decrease were not affected. Genistein is able to reverse a diabetes established condition of allodynia, oxidative stress and inflammation, ameliorates NGF content and the vascular dysfunction, thus suggesting its possible therapeutic use for diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Elisa Valsecchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
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