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Cuffaro F, Russo E, Amedei A. Endometriosis, Pain, and Related Psychological Disorders: Unveiling the Interplay among the Microbiome, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress as a Common Thread. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6473. [PMID: 38928175 PMCID: PMC11203696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EM), a chronic condition in endometrial tissue outside the uterus, affects around 10% of reproductive-age women, significantly affecting fertility. Its prevalence remains elusive due to the surgical confirmation needed for diagnosis. Manifesting with a range of symptoms, including dysmenorrhea, dyschezia, dysuria, dyspareunia, fatigue, and gastrointestinal discomfort, EM significantly impairs quality of life due to severe chronic pelvic pain (CPP). Psychological manifestations, notably depression and anxiety, frequently accompany the physical symptoms, with CPP serving as a key mediator. Pain stems from endometrial lesions, involving oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, angiogenesis, and sensitization processes. Microbial dysbiosis appears to be crucial in the inflammatory mechanisms underlying EM and associated CPP, as well as psychological symptoms. In this scenario, dietary interventions and nutritional supplements could help manage EM symptoms by targeting inflammation, oxidative stress, and the microbiome. Our manuscript starts by delving into the complex relationship between EM pain and psychological comorbidities. It subsequently addresses the emerging roles of the microbiome, inflammation, and oxidative stress as common links among these abovementioned conditions. Furthermore, the review explores how dietary and nutritional interventions may influence the composition and function of the microbiome, reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, alleviate pain, and potentially affect EM-associated psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cuffaro
- Division of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 50139 Florence, Italy
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Chindo BA, Howes MJR, Abuhamdah S, Mallam D, Micah T, Awotula RI, Battison R, Chazot PL. Evaluation of the anti-nociceptive profile of essential oil from Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) in acute and chronic pain models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117500. [PMID: 38030022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant native to Mediterranean regions and found in other parts of the world. Extracts and essential oil from this widely cultivated culinary medicinal herb are used in traditional medicine to manage a variety of disorders that include epilepsy and pain. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the anti-nociceptive potentials of Melissa officinalis essential oil (MO) and probe the involvement of adrenergic, opioidergic, serotonergic and potassium adenosine triphosphate (KATP) mechanisms in its anti-nociceptive effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS We employed formalin-, acetic acid and hot plate-induced nociception to study the acute anti-nociceptive effects of MO. The sciatic nerve injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain was utilized to study the anti-nociceptive effects of MO on chronic pain. Effects of MO on anxiety, cognitive deficits, oxidative stress and inflammation in the CCI rats were evaluated on elevated plus maze, open field test, novel object recognition, oxidative stress parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokines, respectively. The possible mechanism(s) of MO's anti-nociceptive effects were elucidated using prazosin, yohimbine, propranolol, glibenclimide, naloxone and metergoline, which are acknowledged antagonists for α1-, α2- and β-adrenergic, potassium adenosine triphosphate (KATP), opioidergic and serotonergic systems, respectively. RESULTS MO significantly attenuated acetic acid- and formalin-induced nociception; prolonged the mean reaction time of rats on hot plate before and following sciatic nerve chronic injury (CCI). MO ameliorated anxiety, cognitive deficits and oxidative stress, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and produced a near total restoration of injured sciatic nerves in CCI rats. Naloxone, metergoline and glibenclimide significantly blocked, while prazosin, yohimbine and popranolol failed to block the anti-nociceptive effects of MO in formalin-induced nociception. CONCLUSIONS MO contains biologically active compounds with potential anti-nociceptive properties that modulate KATP, opioidergic and serotonergic pathways. These support the development of bioactive compounds from MO as anti-nociceptive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Chindo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | | | - Sawsan Abuhamdah
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Danjuma Mallam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Micah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Rosemary I Awotula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria; Roses Veterinary Services, No. 5 Nyerere Road, Narayi High Cost, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Robin Battison
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L Chazot
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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Zhao YX, Yao MJ, Shen JW, Zhang WX, Zhou YX. Electroacupuncture attenuates nociceptive behaviors in a mouse model of cancer pain. Mol Pain 2024; 20:17448069241240692. [PMID: 38443317 PMCID: PMC11010748 DOI: 10.1177/17448069241240692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is a major symptom in cancer patients, and cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is the most common type of moderate and severe cancer-related pain. The current available analgesic treatments for CIBP have adverse effects as well as limited therapeutic effects. Acupuncture is proved effective in pain management as a safe alternative therapy. We evaluated the analgesic effect of acupuncture in treatment of cancer pain and try to explore the underlying analgesic mechanisms. Nude mice were inoculated with cancer cells into the left distal femur to establish cancer pain model. Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment was applied for the xenograft animals. Pain behaviors of mice were evaluated, followed by the detections of neuropeptide-related and inflammation-related indicators in peripheral and central levels. EA treatment alleviated cancer-induced pain behaviors covering mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain, and also down-regulated immunofluorescence expressions of neuropeptide CGRP and p75 in the skin of affected plantar area in xenograft mice, and inhibited expressions of overexpressed neuropeptide-related and inflammation-related protein in the lumbar spinal cord of xenograft mice. Overall, our findings suggest that EA treatment ameliorated cancer-induced pain behaviors in the mouse xenograft model of cancer pain, possibly through inhibiting the expressions of neuropeptide-related and inflammation-related protein in central level following tumor cell xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xue Zhao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Jiang Yao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Wu Shen
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
- Urology Department of Xiyuan Hospital, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Xi Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Xi Zhou
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
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Sałat K, Zaręba P, Awtoniuk M, Sałat R. Naturally Inspired Molecules for Neuropathic Pain Inhibition-Effect of Mirogabalin and Cebranopadol on Mechanical and Thermal Nociceptive Threshold in Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:7862. [PMID: 38067591 PMCID: PMC10708129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is drug-resistant to available analgesics and therefore novel treatment options for this debilitating clinical condition are urgently needed. Recently, two drug candidates, namely mirogabalin and cebranopadol have become a subject of interest because of their potential utility as analgesics for chronic pain treatment. However, they have not been investigated thoroughly in some types of neuropathic pain, both in humans and experimental animals. METHODS This study used the von Frey test, the hot plate test and the two-plate thermal place preference test supported by image analysis and machine learning to assess the effect of intraperitoneal mirogabalin and subcutaneous cebranopadol on mechanical and thermal nociceptive threshold in mouse models of neuropathic pain induced by streptozotocin, paclitaxel and oxaliplatin. RESULTS Mirogabalin and cebranopadol effectively attenuated tactile allodynia in models of neuropathic pain induced by streptozotocin and paclitaxel. Cebranopadol was more effective than mirogabalin in this respect. Both drugs also elevated the heat nociceptive threshold in mice. In the oxaliplatin model, cebranopadol and mirogabalin reduced cold-exacerbated pain. CONCLUSIONS Since mirogabalin and cebranopadol are effective in animal models of neuropathic pain, they seem to be promising novel therapies for various types of neuropathic pain in patients, in particular those who are resistant to available analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paula Zaręba
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michał Awtoniuk
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Robert Sałat
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
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Abd-Elmawla MA, Abdelalim E, Ahmed KA, Rizk SM. The neuroprotective effect of pterostilbene on oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy via its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects: Comparative study with celecoxib. Life Sci 2023; 315:121364. [PMID: 36610639 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin is one of the first-line drugs in solid tumors treatment. However, neuropathy is a devastating side effect leading to poor compliance and treatment cessation. AIM The current study explored pterostilbene plausible neuroprotective effects aiming to ascertain the potential mechanisms involved in relieving oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) and investigating whether pterostilbene and celecoxib combination could show better relief. MAIN METHODS Rats were divided into six groups; control, pterostilbene (40 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 5 weeks), oxaliplatin (4 mg/kg, i.p. twice per week for 4.5 weeks), celecoxib (30 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 5 weeks) and combination of pterostilbene and celecoxib. Behavioral tests and histopathological analysis of sciatic nerves were done. MAPKs, cytokines, COX-2, and PGE2 gene and protein expressions were estimated using qRT-PCR, western, and ELISA techniques. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed by colorimetric assay while apoptotic markers by immunohistochemical analysis and qRT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS The study revealed that pterostilbene and celecoxib averted oxaliplatin-induced behavioral and motor impairments along with restoration of histopathological changes. Moreover, pterostilbene and celecoxib have significantly attenuated sciatic nerve: p38 MAPK, JNK, ERK1/2, NF-κB, COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α, and interleukins levels. Pterostilbene and celecoxib have reduced caspase-3, Bax, and MDA while increasing Bcl-2 level and TAC. SIGNIFICANCE Altogether, Pterostilbene mitigates OIPN by interrupting the vicious cycle of inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, pterostilbene and celecoxib show comparable attenuation on MAPKs cascades, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative and apoptotic markers. Likewise, co-administration of pterostilbene and celecoxib shows further relief of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Abd-Elmawla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelalim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherine M Rizk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lee S, Ma C, Shi Q, Kumar P, Couture F, Kuebler P, Krishnamurthi S, Lewis D, Tan B, Goldberg RM, Venook A, Blanke C, O'Reilly EM, Shields AF, Meyerhardt JA. Potential Mediators of Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy From Adjuvant Therapy in Stage III Colon Cancer: Findings From CALGB (Alliance)/SWOG 80702. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:1079-1091. [PMID: 36367997 PMCID: PMC9928634 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to evaluate the independent and interactive associations of planned treatment duration, celecoxib use, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, and vitamin B6 with oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) among patients with stage III colon cancer enrolled in a clinical trial. METHODS We conducted a prospective, observational study of 2,450 patients with stage III colon cancer enrolled in the CALGB/SWOG 80702 trial, randomly assigned to 6 versus 12 cycles of adjuvant fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin chemotherapy with or without 3 years of celecoxib. OIPN was reported using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) during and following completion of chemotherapy and the FACT/GOG-NTX-13 15-17 months after random assignment. Multivariate analyses were adjusted for baseline sociodemographic and clinical factors. RESULTS Patients assigned to 12 treatment cycles, relative to 6, were significantly more likely to experience higher-grade CTCAE- and FACT/GOG-NTX-13-reported neuropathy and longer times to resolution, while neither celecoxib nor vitamin B6 intake attenuated OIPN. Exercising ≥ 9 MET-hours per week after treatment relative to < 9 was associated with improvements in FACT/GOG-NTX-13-reported OIPN (adjusted difference in means, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.49 to 2.45; P = .003). Compared with patients with baseline BMIs < 25, those with BMIs ≥ 25 were at significantly greater risk of developing higher-grade CTCAE-reported OIPN during (adjusted odds ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.40; P = .05) and following completion (adjusted odds ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.50; P = .04) of oxaliplatin treatment. Patients with diabetes were significantly more likely to experience worse FACT/GOG-NTX-13-reported neuropathy relative to those without (adjusted difference in means, -2.0; 95% CI, -3.3 to -0.73; P = .002). There were no significant interactions between oxaliplatin treatment duration and any of these potentially modifiable exposures. CONCLUSION Lower physical activity, higher BMI, diabetes, and longer planned treatment duration, but not celecoxib use or vitamin B6 intake, may be associated with significantly increased OIPN severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare, Boston, MA
| | - Qian Shi
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Heartland Cancer Research NCORP, Illinois CancerCare PC, Peoria, IL
| | | | - Philip Kuebler
- Columbus NCI Community Oncology Research Program, Columbus, OH
| | | | - DeQuincy Lewis
- Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium NCORP, Cone Health Medical Group, Asheboro, NC
| | - Benjamin Tan
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Alan Venook
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Charles Blanke
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Eileen M. O'Reilly
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
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Blichfeldt-Eckhardt MR, Olsen DA, Andersen RF, Toft P, Bendix L. Elevated Levels of PGE2-Metabolite in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Cox-2 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Chronic, Post Cholecystectomy Pain and Visceral Hyperalgesia Compared to Healthy Controls. A Hypothesis-Generating Pilot Study. J Pain Res 2022; 15:3921-3929. [PMID: 36540575 PMCID: PMC9760037 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s387502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic, abdominal pain remains a problem in a subset of patients after cholecystectomy. The cause is often obscure but central sensitization may be an important component and could theoretically be mediated by spinal PGE2, which is regulated by several cytokines. The aim of the study was to examine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of participants with post cholecystectomy syndrome and healthy volunteers for signs of PGE2 and cytokine mediated central sensitization. PATIENTS AND METHODS In phase 1 of the study, 83 subjects were included for DNA analysis, eight of these subjects with post cholecystectomy syndrome. We examined the SNPs rs5275, rs16944 and rs1800795 from the Cox-2, IL-1β and IL-6 genes respectively. In phase 2 of the study, we examined concentrations of PGE2-metabolite (PGEM), IL-1β and IL-6 in CSF and plasma from 6 patients with post cholecystectomy syndrome and visceral hyperalgesia and 11 pain free volunteers. RESULTS We found a significant difference in distribution of the rs5275 SNP of the Cox-2 enzyme (CT-genotype=88% in pain group, 45% in pain free group, TT-genotype=0 in pain group, 41% in pain free group, p=0.05) but not in the other SNPs. PGEM, but not IL-6, was significantly elevated in CSF of the pain group (3.6 pg/mL, sd=1.9 vs 2.1 pg/mL, p=0.03), IL-1β was undetectable. CONCLUSION We found elevated PGEM levels in CSF of patients with post cholecystectomy syndrome and visceral hyperalgesia, suggesting a central, possibly inflammatory component to the pain, and overrepresentation of the CT-genotype in the rs5275 SNP in the Cox2 gene, suggesting overexpression of Cox2 as a possible cause for elevated PGEM levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Rune Blichfeldt-Eckhardt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Multidiciplinary Pain Center of Southern Denmark, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorte Aalund Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Palle Toft
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Laila Bendix
- Multidiciplinary Pain Center of Southern Denmark, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Arai T, Suzuki-Narita M, Takeuchi J, Tajiri I, Inage K, Kawarai Y, Eguchi Y, Shiga Y, Hozumi T, Kim G, Tsuchiya R, Otagiri T, Mukaihata T, Hishiya T, Toshi N, Okuyama K, Tokeshi S, Furuya T, Maki S, Matsuura Y, Suzuki T, Nakamura J, Hagiwara S, Ohtori S, Orita S. Analgesic effects and arthritic changes following intra-articular injection of diclofenac etalhyaluronate in a rat knee osteoarthritis model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:960. [DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diclofenac etalhyaluronate (DF-HA) is a recently developed analgesic conjugate of diclofenac and hyaluronic acid that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects on acute arthritis. In this study, we investigated its analgesic effect on osteoarthritis, using a rat model of monoiodoacetate (MIA).
Methods
We injected MIA into the right knees of eight 6-weeks-old male Sprague–Dawley rats. Four weeks later, rats were randomly injected with DF-HA or vehicle into the right knee. Seven weeks after the MIA injection, fluorogold (FG) and sterile saline were injected into the right knees of all the rats. We assessed hyperalgesia with weekly von Frey tests for 8 weeks after MIA administration. We took the right knee computed tomography (CT) as radiographical evaluation every 2 weeks. All rats were sacrificed 8 weeks after administration of MIA for histological evaluation of the right knee and immunohistochemical evaluation of the DRG and spinal cord. We also evaluated the number of FG-labeled calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive(ir) neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1)-ir microglia in the spinal cord.
Results
Administration of DF-HA significantly improved pain sensitivity and reduced CGRP and Iba1 expression in the DRG and spinal cord, respectively. However, computed tomography and histological evaluation of the right knee showed similar levels of joint deformity, despite DF-HA administration.
Conclusion
DF-HA exerted analgesic effects on osteoarthritic pain, but did not affect joint deformity.
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Gallagher CI, Ha DA, Harvey RJ, Vandenberg RJ. Positive Allosteric Modulators of Glycine Receptors and Their Potential Use in Pain Therapies. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:933-961. [PMID: 36779343 PMCID: PMC9553105 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate synaptic inhibition throughout the mammalian spinal cord, brainstem, and higher brain regions. They have recently emerged as promising targets for novel pain therapies due to their ability to produce antinociception by inhibiting nociceptive signals within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. This has greatly enhanced the interest in developing positive allosteric modulators of glycine receptors. Several pharmaceutical companies and research facilities have attempted to identify new therapeutic leads by conducting large-scale screens of compound libraries, screening new derivatives from natural sources, or synthesizing novel compounds that mimic endogenous compounds with antinociceptive activity. Advances in structural techniques have also led to the publication of multiple high-resolution structures of the receptor, highlighting novel allosteric binding sites and providing additional information for previously identified binding sites. This has greatly enhanced our understanding of the functional properties of glycine receptors and expanded the structure activity relationships of novel pharmacophores. Despite this, glycine receptors are yet to be used as drug targets due to the difficulties in obtaining potent, selective modulators with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles that are devoid of side effects. This review presents a summary of the structural basis for how current compounds cause positive allosteric modulation of glycine receptors and discusses their therapeutic potential as analgesics. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Chronic pain is a major cause of disability, and in Western societies, this will only increase as the population ages. Despite the high level of prevalence and enormous socioeconomic burden incurred, treatment of chronic pain remains limited as it is often refractory to current analgesics, such as opioids. The National Institute for Drug Abuse has set finding effective, safe, nonaddictive strategies to manage chronic pain as their top priority. Positive allosteric modulators of glycine receptors may provide a therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey I Gallagher
- Molecular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (C.I.G., D.A.H., R.J.V.) and Biomedical Science, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences and Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia (R.J.H.)
| | - Damien A Ha
- Molecular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (C.I.G., D.A.H., R.J.V.) and Biomedical Science, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences and Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia (R.J.H.)
| | - Robert J Harvey
- Molecular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (C.I.G., D.A.H., R.J.V.) and Biomedical Science, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences and Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia (R.J.H.)
| | - Robert J Vandenberg
- Molecular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (C.I.G., D.A.H., R.J.V.) and Biomedical Science, School of Health and Behavioural Sciences and Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia (R.J.H.)
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10
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Jiang X, Zhou R, Zhang Y, Zhu T, Li Q, Zhang W. Interleukin-17 as a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain. Front Immunol 2022; 13:999407. [PMID: 36248896 PMCID: PMC9556763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain remains to be a clinical challenge and is recognized as a major health problem with varying impacts on quality of life. Currently, the first-line therapy for chronic pain is opioids, which are often accompanied by unwanted psychoactive side effects. Thus, new and effective treatments for chronic pain are urgently needed and eagerly pursued. Inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-17 (IL-17), are reportedly potential therapeutic targets owing to their pivotal role in chronic pain from the neuroinflammation perspective. Recently, substantial evidence confirmed that IL-17 and IL-17 receptors (IL-17Rs) were increased in neuropathic, inflammatory, and cancer pain models. Notably, IL-17/IL-17R antibodies also reportedly relieve or cure inflammatory- and pain-related diseases. However, existing studies have reported controversial results regarding IL-17/IL-17Rs as potential therapeutic targets in diverse animal models of chronic pain. In this review, we present a summary of published studies and discuss the evidence, from basic to clinical to research, regarding the role and mechanism of action between IL-17 and diverse kinds of chronic pain in animal models and clinical patients. Furthermore, we evaluated IL-17-based therapy as a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory- and pain-related disease. Importantly, we also discussed clinical trials of IL-17/IL-17R targeting monoclonal antibodies. Overall, we found that IL-17 is a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain from the perspective of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruihao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Li, ; Weiyi Zhang,
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Li, ; Weiyi Zhang,
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11
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Vaudin P, Augé C, Just N, Mhaouty-Kodja S, Mortaud S, Pillon D. When pharmaceutical drugs become environmental pollutants: Potential neural effects and underlying mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112495. [PMID: 34883077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical drugs have become consumer products, with a daily use for some of them. The volume of production and consumption of drugs is such that they have become environmental pollutants. Their transfer to wastewater through urine, feces or rinsing in case of skin use, associated with partial elimination by wastewater treatment plants generalize pollution in the hydrosphere, including drinking water, sediments, soils, the food chain and plants. Here, we review the potential effects of environmental exposure to three classes of pharmaceutical drugs, i.e. antibiotics, antidepressants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, on neurodevelopment. Experimental studies analyzing their underlying modes of action including those related to endocrine disruption, and molecular mechanisms including epigenetic modifications are presented. In addition, the contribution of brain imaging to the assessment of adverse effects of these three classes of pharmaceuticals is approached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Vaudin
- Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Corinne Augé
- UMR 1253, IBrain, University of Tours, INSERM, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Just
- Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Mortaud
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires, UMR7355, CNRS, Université D'Orléans, 45000, Orléans, France
| | - Delphine Pillon
- Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
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12
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Werynska K, Gingras J, Benke D, Scheurer L, Neumann E, Zeilhofer HU. A Glra3 phosphodeficient mouse mutant establishes the critical role of protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation and inhibition of glycine receptors in spinal inflammatory hyperalgesia. Pain 2021; 162:2436-2445. [PMID: 34264571 PMCID: PMC8374710 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Glycinergic neurons and glycine receptors (GlyRs) exert a critical control over spinal nociception. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a key inflammatory mediator produced in the spinal cord in response to peripheral inflammation, inhibits a certain subtype of GlyRs (α3GlyR) that is defined by the inclusion of α3 subunits and distinctly expressed in the lamina II of the spinal dorsal horn, ie, at the site where most nociceptive nerve fibers terminate. Previous work has shown that the hyperalgesic effect of spinal PGE2 is lost in mice lacking α3GlyRs and suggested that this phenotype results from the prevention of PGE2-evoked protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation and inhibition of α3GlyRs. However, direct proof for a contribution of this phosphorylation event to inflammatory hyperalgesia was still lacking. To address this knowledge gap, a phospho-deficient mouse line was generated that carries a serine to alanine point mutation at a strong consensus site for PKA-dependent phosphorylation in the long intracellular loop of the GlyR α3 subunit. These mice showed unaltered spinal expression of GlyR α3 subunits. In behavioral experiments, they showed no alterations in baseline nociception, but were protected from the hyperalgesic effects of intrathecally injected PGE2 and exhibited markedly reduced inflammatory hyperalgesia. These behavioral phenotypes closely recapitulate those found previously in GlyR α3-deficient mice. Our results thus firmly establish the crucial role of PKA-dependent phosphorylation of α3GlyRs in inflammatory hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Werynska
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Drug Discovery Network Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jacinthe Gingras
- Department of Neuroscience, Amgen Inc, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Dietmar Benke
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Drug Discovery Network Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Louis Scheurer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Neumann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Drug Discovery Network Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland. Dr. Gingras is now with Homology Medicines, Inc, Bedford, MA, United States
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13
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Sluter MN, Hou R, Li L, Yasmen N, Yu Y, Liu J, Jiang J. EP2 Antagonists (2011-2021): A Decade's Journey from Discovery to Therapeutics. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11816-11836. [PMID: 34352171 PMCID: PMC8455147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of health disasters associated with the chronic use of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor drugs, it has been widely proposed that modulation of downstream prostanoid synthases or receptors might provide more specificity than simply shutting down the entire COX cascade for anti-inflammatory benefits. The pathogenic actions of COX-2 have long been thought attributable to the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling through its Gαs-coupled EP2 receptor subtype; however, the truly selective EP2 antagonists did not emerge until 2011. These small molecules provide game-changing tools to better understand the EP2 receptor in inflammation-associated conditions. Their applications in preclinical models also reshape our knowledge of PGE2/EP2 signaling as a node of inflammation in health and disease. As we celebrate the 10-year anniversary of this breakthrough, the exploration of their potential as drug candidates for next-generation anti-inflammatory therapies has just begun. The first decade of EP2 antagonists passes, while their future looks brighter than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N Sluter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Ruida Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Lexiao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Nelufar Yasmen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Jiawang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Office of Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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14
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Liu N, Zhang GX, Niu YT, Wang Q, Zheng J, Yang JM, Sun T, Niu JG, Yu JQ. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of indigo through regulating the IKKβ/IκB/NF-κB pathway in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:8537-8546. [PMID: 33084638 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02574j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of indigo in mice and explored the possible related mechanisms. Xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability tests were used in investigating the anti-inflammatory activities. The anti-nociceptive effects of indigo were assessed through acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate test, and formalin test, and spontaneous locomotor activity and motor performance were evaluated. The mechanisms of activities of indigo were explored by evaluating the expression levels of IκB kinase (IKK)β, p-IKKβ, inhibitor κB (IκB)α, p-IκBα, p65 nuclear factor (NF)-kB, p-p65 NF-κB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) through western blotting and the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that indigo significantly reduced xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and acetic acid-induced vascular permeation. In addition, indigo significantly inhibited nociception induced by acetic acid and formalin. However, the level of nociception was not decreased by indigo in the hot plate test, and indigo did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity and motor performance. The expression levels of p-IKKβ, p-IκBα, p65 NF-kB, p-p65 NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 decreased, whereas the expression level of IκBα increased obviously after indigo treatment. In conclusion, indigo exerts significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in mice by inhibiting IKKβ phosphorylation and reducing the production of important pain mediators, such as PGE2 and COX-2, via the IKKβ/IκB/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
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15
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Kanda H, Kobayashi K, Yamanaka H, Okubo M, Dai Y, Noguchi K. Localization of prostaglandin E2 synthases and E-prostanoid receptors in the spinal cord in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Brain Res 2020; 1750:147153. [PMID: 33049240 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid mediator which plays a role in the generation of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. In the peripheral nervous system, PGE2 sensitizes nociceptive afferent neurons through E-prostanoid (EP) receptors. In the central nervous system, PGE2 modulates pain sensitivity and contributes to the development of neuropathic pain. However, the distribution of PGE2 and EP receptors in the spinal cord remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the expression of PGE2 synthases (microsomal PGE synthase [mPGES]-1, mPGES-2, and cytosolic PGE synthase [cPGES]) and EP receptors (EP1-4) in a rat model of neuropathic pain. We identified that mPGES-1 mRNA was upregulated in spinal endothelial cells after nerve injury and exhibited co-localization with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). We detected that mPGES-2 mRNA and cPGES mRNA were expressed in spinal neurons and noted that their expression level was not affected by nerve injury. With respect to EP receptors, EP2 mRNA and EP4 mRNA were expressed in spinal neurons in the dorsal horn. EP3 mRNA was expressed in motor neurons, whereas EP1 mRNA was not detected in the spinal cord. Intrathecal injection of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) upregulated mPGES-1 mRNA in blood vessels in the spinal cord. Intrathecal injection of a TNFα-neutralizing antibody partially inhibited the upregulation of mPGES-1 mRNA after nerve injury. These results indicate that PGE2 is synthesized by COX-2/mPGES-1 in spinal endothelial cells after nerve injury. These results suggest that in neuropathic pain condition, endothelial cell-derived PGE2 may act on EP2 and EP4 receptors on spinal neurons and modulate pain sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirosato Kanda
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan; Traditional Medicine Research Center, Chinese Medicine Confucius Institute at Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masamichi Okubo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan; Traditional Medicine Research Center, Chinese Medicine Confucius Institute at Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Noguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
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16
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Maddern J, Grundy L, Castro J, Brierley SM. Pain in Endometriosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:590823. [PMID: 33132854 PMCID: PMC7573391 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.590823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic and debilitating condition affecting ∼10% of women. Endometriosis is characterized by infertility and chronic pelvic pain, yet treatment options remain limited. In many respects this is related to an underlying lack of knowledge of the etiology and mechanisms contributing to endometriosis-induced pain. Whilst many studies focus on retrograde menstruation, and the formation and development of lesions in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, the mechanisms underlying the associated pain remain poorly described. Here we review the recent clinical and experimental evidence of the mechanisms contributing to chronic pain in endometriosis. This includes the roles of inflammation, neurogenic inflammation, neuroangiogenesis, peripheral sensitization and central sensitization. As endometriosis patients are also known to have co-morbidities such as irritable bowel syndrome and overactive bladder syndrome, we highlight how common nerve pathways innervating the colon, bladder and female reproductive tract can contribute to co-morbidity via cross-organ sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maddern
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Luke Grundy
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joel Castro
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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17
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Hegazy N, Rezq S, Fahmy A. Mechanisms Involved in Superiority of Angiotensin Receptor Blockade over ACE Inhibition in Attenuating Neuropathic Pain Induced in Rats. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1031-1047. [PMID: 32804335 PMCID: PMC7609714 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous reports described the beneficial role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) or AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs) in attenuating neuropathic pain (NP), no study has yet explored the exact underlying mechanisms, as well as the superiority of using centrally versus peripherally acting renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) drugs in NP. We investigated the effects of 14 days of treatment with centrally (telmisartan and ramipril) or peripherally (losartan and enalapril) acting ARBs and ACE-Is, respectively, in attenuating peripheral NP induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats. We also compared these with the effects of pregabalin, the standard treatment for NP. Behavioral changes, inflammatory markers (NFкB, TNF-α, COX-2, PGE2, and bradykinin), oxidative stress markers (NADPH oxidase and catalase), STAT3 activation, levels of phosphorylated P38-MAPK, ACE, AT1 receptor (AT1R), and AT2 receptor (AT2R), as well as histopathological features, were assessed in the brainstem and sciatic nerve. CCI resulted in clear pain-related behavior along with increased levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and STAT3 activity, as well as increased levels of phosphorylated P38-MAPK, ACE, AT1R, and AT2R, along with worsened histopathological findings in both the brainstem and sciatic nerve. ARBs improved both animal behavior and all measured parameters in CCI rats and were more effective than ACE-Is. At the tested doses, centrally acting ARBs or ACE-Is were not superior to the peripherally acting drugs of the same category. These findings suggest that ARBs (centrally or peripherally acting) are an effective treatment modality for NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA.
| | - Ahmed Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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18
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Analgesic Mechanism of Sinomenine against Chronic Pain. Pain Res Manag 2020; 2020:1876862. [PMID: 32454918 PMCID: PMC7225909 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1876862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purified from the roots of the plant Sinomenium acutum, sinomenine is traditionally used in China and Japan for treating rheumatism and arthritis. Previously, we have demonstrated that sinomenine possessed a broad analgesic spectrum in various chronic pain animal models and repeated administration of sinomenine did not generate tolerance. In this review article, we discussed sinomenine's analgesic mechanism with focus on its role on immune regulation and neuroimmune interaction. Sinomenine has distinct immunoregulative properties, in which glutamate, adenosine triphosphate, nitric oxide, and proinflammatory cytokines are thought to be involved. Sinomenine may alter the unbalanced neuroimmune interaction and inhibit neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and central sensitization in chronic pain states. In conclusion, sinomenine has promising potential for chronic pain management in different clinical settings.
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19
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Ito T, Sakai A, Maruyama M, Miyagawa Y, Okada T, Fukayama H, Suzuki H. Dorsal Root Ganglia Homeobox downregulation in primary sensory neurons contributes to neuropathic pain in rats. Mol Pain 2020; 16:1744806920904462. [PMID: 32000573 PMCID: PMC7099666 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920904462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional changes in primary sensory neurons are involved in initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, the transcription factors in primary sensory neurons responsible for neuropathic pain are not fully understood. Dorsal Root Ganglia Homeobox (DRGX) is a paired-like homeodomain transcription factor necessary for the development of nociceptive primary sensory neurons during the early postnatal period. However, roles for DRGX after development are largely unknown. Here, we report that DRGX downregulation in primary sensory neurons as a result of post-developmental nerve injury contributes to neuropathic pain in rats. DRGX expression was decreased in nuclei of small and medium primary sensory neurons after spinal nerve ligation. DRGX downregulation by transduction of a short hairpin RNA with an adeno-associated viral vector induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. In contrast, DRGX overexpression in primary sensory neurons suppressed neuropathic pain. DRGX regulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and prostaglandin E receptor 2 mRNA expression in the DRG. MMP-9 inhibitor attenuated DRGX downregulation-induced pain. These results suggest that DRGX downregulation after development contributes to neuropathic pain through transcriptional modulation of pain-related genes in primary sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Ito
- Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyo Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Miyagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Fukayama
- Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Stevens AM, Saleem M, Deal B, Janjic J, Pollock JA. Targeted cyclooxygenase-2 inhibiting nanomedicine results in pain-relief and differential expression of the RNA transcriptome in the dorsal root ganglia of injured male rats. Mol Pain 2020; 16:1744806920943309. [PMID: 32762277 PMCID: PMC7543154 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920943309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rats causes peripheral neuropathy leading to pain-like behaviors commonly seen in humans. Neuropathy is a leading cause of neuropathic pain, which involves a complex cellular and molecular response in the peripheral nervous system with interactions between neurons, glia, and infiltrating immune cells. In this study, we utilize a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug -loaded nanoemulsion to deliver the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, Celecoxib, directly to circulating monocytes following nerve injury, which provides long-lasting pain relief. However, it is not fully understood how cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition in a macrophage traveling to the site of injury impacts gene expression in the dorsal root ganglia. To elucidate aspects of the molecular mechanisms underlying pain-like behavior in chronic constriction injury, as well as subsequent pain relief with treatment, we employ RNAseq transcriptome profiling of the dorsal root ganglia associated with the injured sciatic nerve in rats. Using high throughput RNA sequencing in this way provides insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in this neuroinflammatory response. We compare the transcriptome from the dorsal root ganglias of the following study groups: chronic constriction injury animals administered with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibiting celecoxib-loaded nanoemulsion, chronic constriction injury animals administered with vehicle treatment, a drug-free nanoemulsion, and a group of naïve, unoperated and untreated rats. The results show an extensive differential expression of 115 genes. Using the protein annotation through evolutionary relationship classification system, we have revealed pain-related signaling pathways and underlying biological mechanisms involved in the neuroinflammatory response. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation confirms expression changes for several genes. This study shows that by directly inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 activity in infiltrating macrophages at the injured sciatic nerve, there is an associated change in the transcriptome in the cell bodies of the dorsal root ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Stevens
- Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Muzamil Saleem
- Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brooke Deal
- Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jelena Janjic
- Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John A Pollock
- Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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Feng JH, Lee HJ, Suh HW. The Molecular Signatures of Acute-immobilization-induced Antinociception and Chronic-immobilization-induced Antinociceptive Tolerance. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:670-678. [PMID: 31902155 PMCID: PMC6946116 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.6.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the productions of antinociception induced by acute and chronic immobilization stress were compared in several animal pain models. In the acute immobilization stress model (up to 1 hr immobilization), the antinociception was produced in writhing, tail-flick, and formalin-induced pain models. In chronic immobilization stress experiment, the mouse was enforced into immobilization for 1 hr/day for 3, 7, or 14 days, then analgesic tests were performed. The antinociceptive effect was gradually reduced after 3, 7 and 14 days of immobilization stress. To delineate the molecular mechanism involved in the antinociceptive tolerance development in the chronic stress model, the expressions of some signal molecules in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal cord, hippocampus, and the hypothalamus were observed in acute and chronic immobilization models. The COX-2 in DRG, p-JNK, p-AMPKα1, and p-mTOR in the spinal cord, p-P38 in the hippocampus, and p-AMPKα1 in the hypothalamus were elevated in acute immobilization stress, but were reduced gradually after 3, 7 and 14 days of immobilization stress. Our results suggest that the chronic immobilization stress causes development of tolerance to the antinociception induced by acute immobilization stress. In addition, the COX-2 in DRG, p-JNK, p-AMPKα1, and p-mTOR in the spinal cord, p-P38 in the hippocampus, and p-AMPKα1 in the hypothalamus may play important roles in the regulation of antinociception induced by acute immobilization stress and the tolerance development induced by chronic immobilization stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hong-Won Suh
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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Differential Expression of Neuroinflammatory mRNAs in the Rat Sciatic Nerve Following Chronic Constriction Injury and Pain-Relieving Nanoemulsion NSAID Delivery to Infiltrating Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215269. [PMID: 31652890 PMCID: PMC6862677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroinflammatory response to peripheral nerve injury is associated with chronic pain and significant changes in the molecular expression profiles of mRNAs in neurons, glia and infiltrating immune cells. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the rat sciatic nerve provides an opportunity to mimic neuropathic injury and quantitatively assess behavior and differential gene expression in individual animals. Previously, we have shown that a single intravenous injection of nanoemulsion containing celecoxib (0.24 mg/kg) reduces inflammation of the sciatic nerve and relieves pain-like behavior for up to 6 days. Here, we use this targeted therapy to explore the impact on mRNA expression changes in both pain and pain-relieved states. Sciatic nerve tissue recovered from CCI animals is used to evaluate the mRNA expression profiles utilizing quantitative PCR. We observe mRNA changes consistent with the reduced recruitment of macrophages evident by a reduction in chemokine and cytokine expression. Furthermore, genes associated with adhesion of macrophages, as well as changes in the neuronal and glial mRNAs are observed. Moreover, genes associated with neuropathic pain including Maob, Grin2b/NMDAR2b, TrpV3, IL-6, Cacna1b/Cav2.2, Itgam/Cd11b, Scn9a/Nav1.7, and Tac1 were all found to respond to the celecoxib loaded nanoemulsion during pain relief as compared to those animals that received drug-free vehicle. These results demonstrate that by targeting macrophage production of PGE2 at the site of injury, pain relief includes partial reversal of the gene expression profiles associated with chronic pain.
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Krøigård T, Metaxas A, Wirenfeldt M, Finsen B. Protective effect of ibuprofen in a rat model of chronic oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2645-2651. [PMID: 31388734 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive preclinical and clinical investigations, a clinically relevant neuroprotective agent against oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, which affects the quality of life following chemotherapy, has not been identified. Epidemiological data suggest that ibuprofen may reduce the risk of neuropathy. Male rats were treated with oxaliplatin (n = 6), oxaliplatin and ibuprofen (n = 5) or vehicle (n = 5) every second day for 15 days. Neuropathy was evaluated using mechanical detection thresholds (MDT) at the hind paw and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) in the tail nerve at baseline, right after and 3 weeks after the end of treatment. Intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) was evaluated in the hind paw and inflammation in the dorsal root ganglia 3 weeks after treatment. Inflammation in the dorsal root ganglia was assessed using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) of the mRNA levels for the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, and by immunohistochemical staining for Iba1+ macrophages. SNCV was reduced in rats treated with oxaliplatin and with oxaliplatin and ibuprofen compared to control rats 3 weeks after treatment. No differences were found for MDT 3 weeks after treatment. IENFD was reduced in rats treated with oxaliplatin. There was a trend towards up-regulation of TNF-α mRNA levels in rats treated with oxaliplatin and with oxaliplatin and ibuprofen. Morphological changes of Iba1+ macrophages suggested activation, but no differences were found in area fraction or size of macrophage cell bodies. The results did not support a neuroprotective effect of ibuprofen but indicated that inflammation may play a role in oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Krøigård
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. .,Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Wirenfeldt
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Bente Finsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Hasannejad F, Ansar MM, Rostampour M, Mahdavi Fikijivar E, Khakpour Taleghani B. Improvement of pyridoxine-induced peripheral neuropathy by Cichorium intybus hydroalcoholic extract through GABAergic system. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:465-476. [PMID: 30712095 PMCID: PMC10718042 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) toxicity is a well-known model for peripheral neuropathy. GABA and glutamate are two neurotransmitters in neural pathways involved in the peripheral neuropathy. Cichorium intybus (Chicory) contains glycosides and triterpenoids, which inhibit glutamatergic transmission and enhance GABAergic transmission. The present study was aimed at studying the effect of chicory extract (CE) on the pyridoxine-induced peripheral neuropathy with a particular focus on glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. In this experimental study, a high dose of pyridoxine (800 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected for 14 days to induce neuropathy in male rats. To evaluate the behavioral symptoms, three tests including rotarod, hot plate, and foot fault were used. After the induction of neuropathy, CE (50 mg/kg i.p.) was injected intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days. Morphologically, the sciatic nerve and the DRG neurons were evaluated in the control, neuropathy, and chicory groups by H&E staining. For evaluating the mechanism, picrotoxin (1 mg/kg) and MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) were also individually injected 15 min before the extract administration. The concentration of TNF-α in rat sciatic nerve and DRG neurons were also measured by enzyme-linked-immunoassay (ELISA). Morphological and physiological changes occurred in the DRG and sciatic nerve following pyridoxine intoxication. The CE exerted an anti-neuropathic effect on the sciatic nerve and DRG neurons and also decreased reaction time in hot plate test (p < 0.05), increased balance time in rotarod test (p < 0.001), and improved foot fault performance (p < 0.01). Moreover, CE administration reduced TNF-α level in DRG (p < 0.001) and sciatica nerve (p < 0.001). Picrotoxin, unlike MK-801, showed a significant difference in all three behavioral tests and reduced TNF-α content in comparison with group received extraction alone (with p < 0.001 for all three tests). Our results showed beneficial effects of CE on pyridoxine-induced peripheral neuropathy. Modulating of the GABAergic system mediated by TNF-α may be involved in the anti-neurotoxic effect of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malek Moein Ansar
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostampour
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Behrooz Khakpour Taleghani
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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25
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Benzothiophenes as Potent Analgesics Against Neuropathic Pain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1112:245-254. [PMID: 30637702 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain arises because of neuronal injury. Unlike inflammatory pain which can be managed by classical nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), neuropathic pain is difficult to treat. The classical NSAIDs work through inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) enzyme. However, COX2 inhibitors are insufficient to treat neuropathic pain. Hence, it becomes important to explore for novel molecules acting through cell surface molecules like ion channels, for the treatment of neuropathic pain. We investigated multiple bromobenzothiophene carboxamides for their efficacy against neuropathic pain. Interestingly, AS6 was found to be very effective in treating neuropathic pain through inhibition of Kv4.3 ion channel. AS6 also reduced the COX2 overexpression associated with neuropathic pain. These results as well as results from our previous study indicate that AS6 can be a potent antinociceptive agent against both inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
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26
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Bioactive Lipids in Inflammation After Central Nervous System Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1127:181-194. [PMID: 31140179 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11488-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the progress made over the last decades to understand the mechanisms underlying tissue damage and neurological deficits after neurotrauma, there are currently no effective treatments in the clinic. It is well accepted that the inflammatory response in the CNS after injury exacerbates tissue loss and functional impairments. Unfortunately, the use of potent anti-inflammatory drugs, such as methylprednisolone, fails to promote therapeutic recovery and also gives rise to several undesirable side effects related to immunosuppression. The injury-induced inflammatory response is complex, and understanding the mechanisms that regulate this inflammation is therefore crucial in the quest to develop effective treatments. Bioactive lipids have emerged as potent molecules in controlling the initiation, coordination, and resolution of inflammation and in promoting tissue repair and recovery of homeostasis. These bioactive lipids are produced by cells involved in the inflammatory response, and their defective synthesis leads to persistent chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and fibrosis. The present chapter discusses recent evidence for the role of some of these bioactive lipids, in particular, eicosanoid and pro-resolving lipid mediators, in the regulation of inflammation after neurotrauma and highlights the therapeutic potential of some of these lipids in enhancing neurological outcomes after CNS injuries.
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27
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Treutlein EM, Kern K, Weigert A, Tarighi N, Schuh CD, Nüsing RM, Schreiber Y, Ferreirós N, Brüne B, Geisslinger G, Pierre S, Scholich K. The prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 controls CC-chemokine ligand 2-mediated neuropathic pain induced by mechanical nerve damage. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9685-9695. [PMID: 29752406 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) E2 is an important lipid mediator that is involved in several pathophysiological processes contributing to fever, inflammation, and pain. Previous studies have shown that early and continuous application of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs significantly reduces pain behavior in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model for trauma-induced neuropathic pain. However, the role of PGE2 and its receptors in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain is incompletely understood but may help inform strategies for pain management. Here, we sought to define the nociceptive roles of the individual PGE2 receptors (EP1-4) in the SNI model using EP knockout mice. We found that PGE2 levels at the site of injury were increased and that the expression of the terminal synthase for PGE2, cytosolic PGE synthase was up-regulated in resident positive macrophages located within the damaged nerve. Only genetic deletion of the EP3 receptor affected nociceptive behavior and reduced the development of late-stage mechanical allodynia as well as recruitment of immune cells to the injured nerve. Importantly, EP3 activation induced the release of CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and antagonists against the CCL2 receptor reduced mechanical allodynia in WT but not in EP3 knockout mice. We conclude that selective inhibition of EP3 might present a potential approach for reducing chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa-Marie Treutlein
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katharina Kern
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- the Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Neda Tarighi
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claus-Dieter Schuh
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rolf M Nüsing
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- the Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany,
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28
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Ma W, St-Jacques B. Signalling transduction events involved in agonist-induced PGE2/EP4 receptor externalization in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Eur J Pain 2018; 22:845-861. [PMID: 29336505 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) enriched in inflamed tissues contributes to chronic pain by sensitizing nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons (nociceptors). Of four PGE2 receptors (EP1-4), EP4 plays a major role in PGE2-induced nociceptor sensitization. We have previously reported that PGE2 or EP4 agonists stimulated EP4 externalization in cultured DRG neurons and this event contributes to nociceptor sensitization. However, the signalling transduction events governing this event remain unknown. METHODS In this study, using antibody-based externalization assay, we examined EP subtypes and multiple signalling transduction events involved in PGE2-induced EP4 externalization in cultured DRG neurons. RESULTS In addition to EP4 agonist, EP2 agonist, to a lesser extent, also induced EP4 externalization while EP1 and EP3 agonists had no effect. The extracellular and intracellular calcium chelators, the inhibitors of CaMKII, cAMP, PKA, PKC, PKCε, PLC, MAPKs, PI3K and Akt suppressed agonist-induced EP4 externalization. The activator of AC, two PKA-specific cAMP analogues and one Epac-specific cAMP analogue also induced EP4 externalization. ELISA showed that double sequential exposures to EP4 agonists induced a greater release of pain peptide CGRP from cultured DRG neurons than a single exposure, an event blocked by the inhibitor of anterograde transport from ER/Golgi complex to cell surface. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that mobilization of extracellular and intracellular calcium as well as the activation of CaMKII, cAMP/PKA, cAMP/Epac, PKC/PKCε, MAPKs, PI3K-Akt and PLC signalling transduction pathways are involved in agonist-induced EP4 externalization. Agonist-enhanced EP4 externalization increases EP4 cell surface abundance and activity, thus enhancing nociceptor sensitization. SIGNIFICANCE This study adds mechanistic information regarding signalling transduction events involved in agonist-induced EP4 cell surface trafficking. EP4 and EP2 (to lesser extent) receptors, extra- and intracellular Ca++ , CaKMII, cAMP, PKA, PKC, PKCε, PLC, MAPK, PI3K and Akt are involved in this event. Agonist-induced EP4 externalization contributes to enhanced nociceptor sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ma
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - B St-Jacques
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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29
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Nagashima H, Shinoda M, Honda K, Kamio N, Watanabe M, Suzuki T, Sugano N, Sato S, Iwata K. CXCR4 signaling in macrophages contributes to periodontal mechanical hypersensitivity in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis in mice. Mol Pain 2017; 13:1744806916689269. [PMID: 28326928 PMCID: PMC5302178 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916689269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease accompanied by alveolar bone loss and progressive inflammation without pain. However, the potential contributors eliminating pain associated with gingival inflammation are unknown. Results we examined the involvement of CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) on the mechanical sensitivity of inflamed periodontal tissue, using a mouse model of periodontitis established by the ligation of the tooth cervix of a maxillary second molar and inoculation with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Infiltration of inflammatory cells into gingival tissue was not observed following the inoculation. Under light anesthesia, the mechanical head withdrawal threshold (MHWT) on the buccal gingiva was measured using an electronic von Frey anesthesiometer. No significant changes in MHWT were observed in the mice with P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis during the experimental period. Continuous administration of CXCR4 neutralizing antibody to the gingival tissue significantly decreased MHWT and increased the number of gingival CXCR4 immunoreactive macrophages in the periodontitis group. Nitric oxide metabolites in the gingival tissue were significantly increased after the inoculation of P. gingivalis and were reduced by gingival CXCR4 neutralization. Gingival L-arginine administration induced gingival mechanical allodynia in naive animals. Moreover, the decrease in MHWT after treatment with P. gingivalis and CXCR4 neutralization was partially reversed by nitric oxide synthase inhibition in the gingival tissue. Nuclear factor-kappa B was expressed in infiltrating macrophages after inoculation of P. gingivalis and administration of the nuclear factor-kappa B activator betulinic acid induced gingival mechanical allodynia in naive mice. Conclusions These findings suggest that CXCR4 signaling inhibits nitric oxide release from infiltrating macrophages and is involved in modulation of the mechanical sensitivity in the periodontal tissue in P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Nagashima
- 1 Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- 2 Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniya Honda
- 2 Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kamio
- 3 Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- 1 Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Suzuki
- 1 Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sugano
- 4 Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Sato
- 4 Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- 2 Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Kaplan AA, Yurt KK, Deniz ÖG, Altun G. Peripheral nerve and diclofenac sodium: Molecular and clinical approaches. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 87:2-11. [PMID: 28870762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most frequently prescribed medications worldwide. Diclofenac sodium (DS), one of these NSAIDs, has a high specificity for arachidonic acid-degrading cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzymes. This drug can be used to relieve neuropathic pain. In this review, we examine the relevant researches, including in vivo, animal, and clinical human studies, with the aim of understanding the effect of DS on the peripheral nerves. In injured nerves, COX-2 is potently upregulated around the injury site. When a nerve is damaged, both COX-1 and COX-2 expression is increased in macrophages and Schwann cells. In addition, COX inhibitors can promote axonal outgrowth in cultured neurons. Neuropathic pain occurs after injury and leads to dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. NSAIDs can modulate the nociceptive and inflammatory pain pathways and control neuropathic pain. DS may accelerate nerve regeneration and its effects on healing, as well as causing deleterious effects in the developing nerves. DS teratogenicity disrupts myelin sheath thickness and axon structure. Understanding the possible benefits and limitations of DS and specific conditions such as prenatal use will be of benefit in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arife Ahsen Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kıymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ömür Gülsüm Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
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31
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Pulvers JN, Marx G. Factors associated with the development and severity of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017; 13:345-355. [PMID: 28653815 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a platinum-derivative chemotherapeutic agent used for colorectal cancer in the adjuvant and metastatic setting in combination with folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil. Oxaliplatin causes an acute cold-induced neurotoxicity and a chronic cumulative neuropathy, which can require dose modification and impact quality of life. To date, no prevention and treatment strategies have proved effective thus reinforcing the importance of identifying at-risk patients in order to maximize therapeutic benefit while minimizing neurotoxicity. Here we reviewed studies on risk and prognostic factors associated with the development and severity of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE and Embase, and studies investigating clinical and patient-related factors associated with oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy as their primary focus were identified, and quantitative data were extracted when available. We identified 15 studies, of which only three were prospective. Notable factors were acute neurotoxicity symptoms predicting chronic neuropathy, baseline laboratory findings, patient demographics such as age and gender, comorbidities, and environmental factors. No factor was consistently identified across multiple studies other than the association with oxaliplatin dose. Further investigation into these factors may yield insight into potential neuropathy prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gavin Marx
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, NSW, Australia
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32
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EP 2 receptor antagonism reduces peripheral and central hyperalgesia in a preclinical mouse model of endometriosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44169. [PMID: 28281561 PMCID: PMC5345039 DOI: 10.1038/srep44169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an incurable gynecological disorder characterized by debilitating pain and the establishment of innervated endometriosis lesions outside the uterus. In a preclinical mouse model of endometriosis we demonstrated overexpression of the PGE2-signaling pathway (including COX-2, EP2, EP4) in endometriosis lesions, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal cord, thalamus and forebrain. TRPV1, a PGE2-regulated channel in nociceptive neurons was also increased in the DRG. These findings support the concept that an amplification process occurs along the pain neuroaxis in endometriosis. We then tested TRPV1, EP2, and EP4 receptor antagonists: The EP2 antagonist was the most efficient analgesic, reducing primary hyperalgesia by 80% and secondary hyperalgesia by 40%. In this study we demonstrate reversible peripheral and central hyperalgesia in mice with induced endometriosis.
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33
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Adams JD. The Effects of Yin, Yang and Qi in the Skin on Pain. MEDICINES 2016; 3:medicines3010005. [PMID: 28930115 PMCID: PMC5456231 DOI: 10.3390/medicines3010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The most effective and safe treatment site for pain is in the skin. This chapter discusses the reasons to treat pain in the skin. Pain is sensed in the skin through transient receptor potential cation channels and other receptors. These receptors have endogenous agonists (yang) and antagonists (yin) that help the body control pain. Acupuncture works through modulation of these receptor activities (qi) in the skin; as do moxibustion and liniments. The treatment of pain in the skin has the potential to save many lives and improve pain therapy in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James David Adams
- University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA.
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34
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Kiyoyuki Y, Taniguchi W, Okubo M, Yamanaka H, Kobayashi K, Nishio N, Nakatsuka T, Noguchi K. Leukotriene enhances NMDA-induced inward currents in dorsal horn neurons of the rat spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury. Mol Pain 2015; 11:53. [PMID: 26353783 PMCID: PMC4563829 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LTB4 is classified as a leukotriene (LT), a group of lipid mediators that are derived from arachidonic acid. It is recognized that leukotrienes are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including peripheral inflammatory pain. However, little is known about the effects of leukotrienes on the spinal dorsal horn during neuropathic pain. Previously, we reported that there was increased expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) at spinal microglia, and the leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1), a high affinity receptor of LTB4, in spinal neurons in spared nerve injury (SNI) model rats. In the present study, we examined the effects of LTB4 on spinal dorsal horn neurons in both naïve and SNI model rats using patch-clamp methods. RESULTS Bath application of LTB4 did not change AMPA receptor-mediated spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) or membrane potentials. However, we found that LTB4 enhanced the amplitude of NMDA receptor-mediated sEPSCs and significantly increased exogenous NMDA-induced inward currents in SNI model rats. This increase of inward currents could be inhibited by a selective LTB4 antagonist, U75302, as well as a GDP-β-S, a G-protein inhibitor. These results indicate that both increased LTB4 from spinal microglia or increased BLT1 in spinal neurons after peripheral nerve injury can enhance the activity of NMDA receptors through intracellular G-proteins in spinal dorsal horn neurons. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that LTB4, which may originate from microglia, can activate BLT1 receptors which are expressed on the membrane of spinal dorsal horn neurons during neuropathic pain. This glia-neuron interaction induces the enhancement of NMDA currents through intracellular G-proteins. The enhancement of NMDA receptor sensitivity of dorsal horn neurons may lead to central sensitization, leading to mechanical pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukuni Kiyoyuki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan. .,Pain Research Center, Kansai University of Health Sciences, 2-11-1 Wakaba Kumatori-cho, Osaka, 590-0482, Japan.
| | - Wataru Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Mimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Okubo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Yamanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Kimiko Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoko Nishio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Mimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan.
| | - Terumasa Nakatsuka
- Pain Research Center, Kansai University of Health Sciences, 2-11-1 Wakaba Kumatori-cho, Osaka, 590-0482, Japan.
| | - Koichi Noguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
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Juárez-Rojop IE, Morales-Hernández PE, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Bermúdez-Ocaña DY, Torres-Lopez JE, Ble-Castillo JL, Díaz-Zagoya JC, Granados-Soto V. Celecoxib reduces hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia in diabetic rats. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:545-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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A Clinical Trial with Brazilian Arnica (Solidago chilensisMeyen) Glycolic Extract in the Treatment of Tendonitis of Flexor and Extensor Tendons of Wrist and Hand. Phytother Res 2015; 29:864-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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St-Jacques B, Ma W. Peripheral prostaglandin E2 prolongs the sensitization of nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons possibly by facilitating the synthesis and anterograde axonal trafficking of EP4 receptors. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:354-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lipopolysaccharide differentially modulates expression of cytokines and cyclooxygenases in dorsal root ganglion cells via Toll-like receptor-4 dependent pathways. Neuroscience 2014; 267:241-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Zhao H, Luo F, Li H, Zhang L, Yi Y, Wan J. Antinociceptive effect of tetrandrine on LPS-induced hyperalgesia via the inhibition of IKKβ phosphorylation and the COX-2/PGE₂ pathway in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94586. [PMID: 24722146 PMCID: PMC3983227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine (TET) is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isolated from the Stephania Tetrandra. It is known to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We have shown that TET can effectively suppress the production of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenases (COXs), in macrophages. However, whether TET has an antinociceptive effect on LPS-induced hyperalgesia is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the potential antinociceptive effects of TET and the mechanisms by which it elicits its effects on LPS-induced hyperalgesia. LPS effectively evoked hyperalgesia and induced the production of PGE2 in the sera, brain tissues, and cultured astroglia. TET pretreatment attenuated all of these effects. LPS also activated inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase β (IKKβ) and its downstream components in the IκB/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway, including COX-2; the increase in expression levels of these components was significantly abolished by TET. Furthermore, in primary astroglia, knockdown of IKKβ, but not IKKα, reversed the effects of TET on the LPS-induced increase in IκB phosphorylation, P65 phosphorylation, and COX-2. Our results suggest that TET can effectively exert antinociceptive effects on LPS-induced hyperalgesia in mice by inhibiting IKKβ phosphorylation, which leads to the reduction in the production of important pain mediators, such as PGE2 and COX-2, via the IKKβ/IκB/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengguang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuling Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Molecular oncology and epigenetics laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongfen Yi
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Tumor Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (YFY); (JYW)
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (YFY); (JYW)
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Ma W, Quirion R. Targeting cell surface trafficking of pain-facilitating receptors to treat chronic pain conditions. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:459-72. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.887683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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42
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Analgesic effect of sinomenine in rodents after inflammation and nerve injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 721:5-11. [PMID: 24120369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sinomenine is an alkaloid originally isolated from the root of the plant Sinomenium acutum. It is used in traditional medicine in China to treat rheumatic arthritis. In the present study, we evaluated the potential antinociceptive effects of sinomenine in rodents with nociceptive, inflammatory and neuropathic pain. In normal rats and mice, systemic sinomenine produced moderate antinociceptive effect in the hot plate and tail flick tests. Sinomenine also exerted analgesic effects on mechanical and heat hypersensitivity in mice after carrageenan induced inflammation. Finally, sinomenine effectively alleviated mechanical and cold allodynia in rats and mice after injury to peripheral nerve or spinal cord. The analgesic effect of sinomenine is not associated with side effects and is not reversed by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Our results showed that sinomenine has a wide spectrum analgesic effect in rodent models of nociceptive, inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
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The role of potassium channel activation in celecoxib-induced analgesic action. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54797. [PMID: 23358696 PMCID: PMC3554616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Celecoxib (CXB) is a widely prescribed COX-2 inhibitor used clinically to treat pain and inflammation. Recently, COX-2 independent mechanisms have been described to be the targets of CXB. For instance, ion channels such as the voltage-gated sodium channel, L-type calcium channel, Kv2.1, Kv1.5, Kv4.3 and HERG potassium channel were all reported to be inhibited by CXB. Our recent study revealed that CXB is a potent activator of Kv7/M channels. M currents expressed in dorsal root ganglia play an important role in nociception. Our study was aimed at establishing the role of COX-2 independent M current activation in the analgesic action of CXB. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared the effects of CXB and its two structural analogues, unmethylated CXB (UMC) and 2,5-dimethyl-CXB (DMC), on Kv7/M currents and pain behavior in animal models. UMC is a more potent inhibitor of COX-2 than CXB while DMC has no COX-2 inhibiting activity. We found that CXB, UMC and DMC concentration-dependently activated Kv7.2/7.3 channels expressed in HEK293 cells and the M-type current in dorsal root ganglia neurons, negatively shifted I-V curve of Kv7.2/7.3 channels, with a potency and efficiency inverse to their COX-2 inhibitory potential. Furthermore, CXB, UMC and DMC greatly reduced inflammatory pain behavior induced by bradykinin, mechanical pain behavior induced by stimulation with von Frey filaments and thermal pain behavior in the Hargreaves test. CXB and DMC also significantly attenuated hyperalgesia in chronic constriction injury neuropathic pain. CONCLUSION CXB, DMC and UMC are openers of Kv7/M K(+) channels with effects independent of COX-2 inhibition. The analgesic effects of CXBs on pain behaviors, especially those of DMC, suggest that activation of Kv7/M K(+) channels may play an important role in the analgesic action of CXB. This study strengthens the notion that Kv7/M K(+) channels are a potential target for pain treatment.
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Petho G, Reeh PW. Sensory and signaling mechanisms of bradykinin, eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide in peripheral nociceptors. Physiol Rev 2013; 92:1699-775. [PMID: 23073630 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral mediators can contribute to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and its concomitants (hyperalgesia and allodynia) via two mechanisms. Activation or excitation by these substances of nociceptive nerve endings or fibers implicates generation of action potentials which then travel to the central nervous system and may induce pain sensation. Sensitization of nociceptors refers to their increased responsiveness to either thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimuli that may be translated to corresponding hyperalgesias. This review aims to give an account of the excitatory and sensitizing actions of inflammatory mediators including bradykinin, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide on nociceptive primary afferent neurons. Manifestations, receptor molecules, and intracellular signaling mechanisms of the effects of these mediators are discussed in detail. With regard to signaling, most data reported have been obtained from transfected nonneuronal cells and somata of cultured sensory neurons as these structures are more accessible to direct study of sensory and signal transduction. The peripheral processes of sensory neurons, where painful stimuli actually affect the nociceptors in vivo, show marked differences with respect to biophysics, ultrastructure, and equipment with receptors and ion channels compared with cellular models. Therefore, an effort was made to highlight signaling mechanisms for which supporting data from molecular, cellular, and behavioral models are consistent with findings that reflect properties of peripheral nociceptive nerve endings. Identified molecular elements of these signaling pathways may serve as validated targets for development of novel types of analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Petho
- Pharmacodynamics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Role of inflammation and cytokines in peripheral nerve regeneration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2013; 108:173-206. [PMID: 24083435 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410499-0.00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This chapter provides a review of immune reactions involved in classic as well as alternative methods of peripheral nerve regeneration, and mainly with a view to understanding their beneficial effects. Axonal degeneration distal to nerve damage triggers a cascade of inflammatory events alongside injured nerve fibers known as Wallerian degeneration (WD). The early inflammatory reactions of WD comprise the complement system, arachidonic acid metabolites, and inflammatory mediators that are related to myelin fragmentation and activation of Schwann cells. Fine-tuned upregulation of the cytokine/chemokine network by Schwann cells activates resident and hematogenous macrophages to complete the clearance of axonal and myelin debris and stimulate regrowth of axonal sprouts. In addition to local effects, immune reactions of neuronal bodies and glial cells are also implicated in the survival and conditioning of neurons to regenerate severed nerves. Understanding of the cellular and molecular interactions between the immune system and peripheral nerve injury opens new possibilities for targeting inflammatory mediators to improve functional reinnervation.
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Camara-Lemarroy CR, Gonzalez-Moreno EI, Guzman-de la Garza FJ, Fernandez-Garza NE. Arachidonic acid derivatives and their role in peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:168953. [PMID: 22997489 PMCID: PMC3446639 DOI: 10.1100/2012/168953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
After peripheral nerve injury, a process of axonal degradation, debris clearance, and subsequent regeneration is initiated by complex local signaling, called Wallerian degeneration (WD). This process is in part mediated by neuroglia as well as infiltrating inflammatory cells and regulated by inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and the activation of transcription factors also related to the inflammatory response. Part of this neuroimmune signaling is mediated by the innate immune system, including arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The enzymes responsible for their production, cyclooxygenases and lipooxygenases, also participate in nerve degeneration and regeneration. The interactions between signals for nerve regeneration and neuroinflammation go all the way down to the molecular level. In this paper, we discuss the role that AA derivatives might play during WD and nerve regeneration, and the therapeutic possibilities that arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodrigo Camara-Lemarroy
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, School of Medicine, Colonia Mitras Centro, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Pongparadee C, Penserga E, Lee DJS, Chen SL, Gill RS, Hamid A, Kumthornthip W, Liu Y, Meliala L, Misbach HJ, Tan KH, Yeap SS, Yeo SN, Lin HY. Current considerations for the management of musculoskeletal pain in Asian countries: a special focus on cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and non-steroid anti-inflammation drugs. Int J Rheum Dis 2012; 15:341-7. [PMID: 22898213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185x.2012.01769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaudakshetrin Pongparadee
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Faculty of Medicine; Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Bangkok; Thailand
| | - Ester Penserga
- University of the Philippines College of Medicine; Manilla, The Philippines
| | | | - Shun-le Chen
- Shanghai Second Medical University; Shanghai; China
| | - Ranjit Singh Gill
- Hand and Microsurgery Unit; Kuala Lumpur Sport Medicine Centre; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia
| | - Abdulbar Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Indonesia; Jakarta; Indonesia
| | - Witsanu Kumthornthip
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Bangkok; Thailand
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; China
| | - Lucus Meliala
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine at the University of Gadjah Mada; Jakarta; Indonesia
| | - H Jusuf Misbach
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine at the University of Indonesia; Jogijakarta; Indonesia
| | - Kian Hian Tan
- Pain Management Centre; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore
| | | | | | - Hsiao Yi Lin
- Department of Medicine; Veterans General Hospital and Faculty of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
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48
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Ydens E, Cauwels A, Asselbergh B, Goethals S, Peeraer L, Lornet G, Almeida-Souza L, Van Ginderachter JA, Timmerman V, Janssens S. Acute injury in the peripheral nervous system triggers an alternative macrophage response. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:176. [PMID: 22818207 PMCID: PMC3419084 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of the immune system in neurodegeneration has detrimental as well as beneficial effects. Which aspects of this immune response aggravate the neurodegenerative breakdown and which stimulate regeneration remains an open question. To unravel the neuroprotective aspects of the immune system we focused on a model of acute peripheral nerve injury, in which the immune system was shown to be protective. METHODS To determine the type of immune response triggered after axotomy of the sciatic nerve, a model for Wallerian degeneration in the peripheral nervous system, we evaluated markers representing the two extremes of a type I and type II immune response (classical vs. alternative) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our results showed that acute peripheral nerve injury triggers an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive response, rather than a pro-inflammatory response. This was reflected by the complete absence of classical macrophage markers (iNOS, IFN γ, and IL12p40), and the strong up-regulation of tissue repair markers (arginase-1, Ym1, and Trem2). The signal favoring the alternative macrophage environment was induced immediately after nerve damage and appeared to be established within the nerve, well before the infiltration of macrophages. In addition, negative regulators of the innate immune response, as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were induced. The strict regulation of the immune system dampens the potential tissue damaging effects of an over-activated response. CONCLUSIONS We here demonstrate that acute peripheral nerve injury triggers an inherent protective environment by inducing the M2 phenotype of macrophages and the expression of arginase-1. We believe that the M2 phenotype, associated with a sterile inflammatory response and tissue repair, might explain their neuroprotective capacity. As such, shifting the neurodegeneration-induced immune responses towards an M2/Th2 response could be an important therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Ydens
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Anje Cauwels
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bob Asselbergh
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goethals
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Lieve Peeraer
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Lornet
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- GROUP-ID Consortium, Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, GhentUniversity, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Almeida-Souza
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Sophie Janssens
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- GROUP-ID Consortium, Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, GhentUniversity, Ghent, Belgium
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Emery EC, Young GT, McNaughton PA. HCN2 ion channels: an emerging role as the pacemakers of pain. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:456-63. [PMID: 22613784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute nociceptive pain is caused by the direct action of a noxious stimulus on pain-sensitive nerve endings, whereas inflammatory pain (both acute and chronic) arises from the actions of a wide range of inflammatory mediators released following tissue injury. Neuropathic pain, which is triggered by nerve damage, is often considered to be very different in its origins, and is particularly difficult to treat effectively. Here we review recent evidence showing that members of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) ion channel family - better known for their role in the pacemaker potential of the heart - play important roles in both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Deletion of the HCN2 isoform from nociceptive neurons abolishes heat-evoked inflammatory pain and all aspects of neuropathic pain, but acute pain sensation is unaffected. This work shows that inflammatory and neuropathic pain have much in common, and suggests that selective blockers of HCN2 may have value as analgesics in the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Emery
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
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David S, Greenhalgh AD, López-Vales R. Role of phospholipase A2s and lipid mediators in secondary damage after spinal cord injury. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 349:249-67. [PMID: 22581384 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is considered to be an important contributor to secondary damage after spinal cord injury (SCI). This secondary damage leads to further exacerbation of tissue loss and functional impairments. The immune responses that are triggered by injury are complex and are mediated by a variety of factors that have both detrimental and beneficial effects. In this review, we focus on the diverse effects of the phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) superfamily and the downstream pathways that generate a large number of bioactive lipid mediators, some of which have pro-inflammatory and demyelinating effects, whereas others have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution properties. For each of these lipid mediators, we provide an overview followed by a discussion of their expression and role in SCI. Where appropriate, we have compared the latter with their role in other neurological conditions. The PLA(2) pathway provides a number of targets for therapeutic intervention for the treatment of SCI and other neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel David
- Center for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1A4,
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