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Le TT, Im GH, Lee CH, Choi SH, Kim SG. Mapping cerebral perfusion in mice under various anesthesia levels using highly sensitive BOLD MRI with transient hypoxia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm7605. [PMID: 38416820 PMCID: PMC10901365 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral perfusion is critical for the early detection of neurological diseases and for effectively monitoring disease progression and treatment responses. Mouse models are widely used in brain research, often under anesthesia, which can affect vascular physiology. However, the impact of anesthesia on regional cerebral blood volume and flow in mice has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we have developed a whole-brain perfusion MRI approach by using a 5-second nitrogen gas stimulus under inhalational anesthetics to induce transient BOLD dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC). This method proved to be highly sensitive, repeatable within each imaging session, and across four weekly sessions. Relative cerebral blood volumes measured by BOLD DSC agree well with those by contrast agents. Quantitative cerebral blood volume and flow metrics were successfully measured in mice under dexmedetomidine and various isoflurane doses using both total vasculature-sensitive gradient-echo and microvasculature-sensitive spin-echo BOLD MRI. Dexmedetomidine reduces cerebral perfusion, while isoflurane increases cerebral perfusion in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Le
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Ho Im
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Han Choi
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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2
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Cerri DH, Albaugh DL, Walton LR, Katz B, Wang TW, Chao THH, Zhang W, Nonneman RJ, Jiang J, Lee SH, Etkin A, Hall CN, Stuber GD, Shih YYI. Distinct neurochemical influences on fMRI response polarity in the striatum. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1916. [PMID: 38429266 PMCID: PMC10907631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The striatum, known as the input nucleus of the basal ganglia, is extensively studied for its diverse behavioral roles. However, the relationship between its neuronal and vascular activity, vital for interpreting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals, has not received comprehensive examination within the striatum. Here, we demonstrate that optogenetic stimulation of dorsal striatal neurons or their afferents from various cortical and subcortical regions induces negative striatal fMRI responses in rats, manifesting as vasoconstriction. These responses occur even with heightened striatal neuronal activity, confirmed by electrophysiology and fiber-photometry. In parallel, midbrain dopaminergic neuron optogenetic modulation, coupled with electrochemical measurements, establishes a link between striatal vasodilation and dopamine release. Intriguingly, in vivo intra-striatal pharmacological manipulations during optogenetic stimulation highlight a critical role of opioidergic signaling in generating striatal vasoconstriction. This observation is substantiated by detecting striatal vasoconstriction in brain slices after synthetic opioid application. In humans, manipulations aimed at increasing striatal neuronal activity likewise elicit negative striatal fMRI responses. Our results emphasize the necessity of considering vasoactive neurotransmission alongside neuronal activity when interpreting fMRI signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenic H Cerri
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Albaugh
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay R Walton
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brittany Katz
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen Wang
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Hao Harry Chao
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weiting Zhang
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Randal J Nonneman
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amit Etkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Alto Neuroscience, Los Altos, CA, USA
| | - Catherine N Hall
- Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Garret D Stuber
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal MRI, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Chen HF, Lambers H, Nagelmann N, Sandbrink M, Segelcke D, Pogatzki-Zahn E, Faber C, Pradier B. Generation of a whole-brain hemodynamic response function and sex-specific differences in cerebral processing of mechano-sensation in mice detected by BOLD fMRI. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1187328. [PMID: 37700753 PMCID: PMC10493293 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1187328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BOLD fMRI has become a prevalent method to study cerebral sensory processing in rodent disease models, including pain and mechanical hypersensitivity. fMRI data analysis is frequently combined with a general-linear-model (GLM) -based analysis, which uses the convolution of a hemodynamic response function (HRF) with the stimulus paradigm. However, several studies indicated that the HRF differs across species, sexes, brain structures, and experimental factors, including stimulation modalities or anesthesia, and hence might strongly affect the outcome of BOLD analyzes. While considerable work has been done in humans and rats to understand the HRF, much less is known in mice. As a prerequisite to investigate mechano-sensory processing and BOLD fMRI data in male and female mice, we (1) designed a rotating stimulator that allows application of two different mechanical modalities, including innocuous von Frey and noxious pinprick stimuli and (2) determined and statistically compared HRFs across 30 brain structures and experimental conditions, including sex and, stimulus modalities. We found that mechanical stimulation lead to brain-wide BOLD signal changes thereby allowing extraction of HRFs from multiple brain structures. However, we did not find differences in HRFs across all brain structures and experimental conditions. Hence, we computed a whole-brain mouse HRF, which is based on 88 functional scans from 30 mice. A comparison of this mouse-specific HRF with our previously reported rat-derived HRF showed significantly slower kinetics in mice. Finally, we detected pronounced differences in cerebral BOLD activation between male and female mice with mechanical stimulation, thereby exposing divergent processing of noxious and innocuous stimuli in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fen Chen
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Henriette Lambers
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nina Nagelmann
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Sandbrink
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Segelcke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Esther Pogatzki-Zahn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bruno Pradier
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Conq J, Joudiou N, Ucakar B, Vanvarenberg K, Préat V, Gallez B. Assessment of Hyperosmolar Blood-Brain Barrier Opening in Glioblastoma via Histology with Evans Blue and DCE-MRI. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1957. [PMID: 37509598 PMCID: PMC10377677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is often compromised in glioblastoma (GB), the perfusion and consequent delivery of drugs are highly heterogeneous. Moreover, the accessibility of drugs is largely impaired in the margins of the tumor and for infiltrating cells at the origin of tumor recurrence. In this work, we evaluate the value of methods to assess hemodynamic changes induced by a hyperosmolar shock in the core and the margins of a tumor in a GB model. METHODS Osmotic shock was induced with an intracarotid infusion of a hypertonic solution of mannitol in mice grafted with U87-MG cells. The distribution of fluorescent dye (Evans blue) within the brain was assessed via histology. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI with an injection of Gadolinium-DOTA as the contrast agent was also used to evaluate the effect on hemodynamic parameters and the diffusion of the contrast agent outside of the tumor area. RESULTS The histological study revealed that the fluorescent dye diffused much more largely outside of the tumor area after osmotic shock than in control tumors. However, the study of tumor hemodynamic parameters via DCE-MRI did not reveal any change in the permeability of the BBB, whatever the studied MRI parameter. CONCLUSIONS The use of hypertonic mannitol infusion seems to be a promising method to increase the delivery of compounds in the margins of GB. Nevertheless, the DCE-MRI analysis method using gadolinium-DOTA as a contrast agent seems of limited value for determining the efficacy of opening the BBB in GB after osmotic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Conq
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Vanvarenberg
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Research Group, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Kim S, Moon HS, Vo TT, Kim CH, Im GH, Lee S, Choi M, Kim SG. Whole-brain mapping of effective connectivity by fMRI with cortex-wide patterned optogenetics. Neuron 2023; 111:1732-1747.e6. [PMID: 37001524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with optogenetic neural manipulation is a powerful tool that enables brain-wide mapping of effective functional networks. To achieve flexible manipulation of neural excitation throughout the mouse cortex, we incorporated spatiotemporal programmable optogenetic stimuli generated by a digital micromirror device into an MRI scanner via an optical fiber bundle. This approach offered versatility in space and time in planning the photostimulation pattern, combined with in situ optical imaging and cell-type-specific or circuit-specific genetic targeting in individual mice. Brain-wide effective connectivity obtained by fMRI with optogenetic stimulation of atlas-based cortical regions is generally congruent with anatomically defined axonal tracing data but is affected by the types of anesthetics that act selectively on specific connections. fMRI combined with flexible optogenetics opens a new path to investigate dynamic changes in functional brain states in the same animal through high-throughput brain-wide effective connectivity mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghoon Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Moon
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Tan Vo
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Ho Im
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghwan Choi
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Wei Z, Li Y, Bibic A, Duan W, Xu J, Lu H. Toward accurate cerebral blood flow estimation in mice after accounting for anesthesia. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1169622. [PMID: 37123257 PMCID: PMC10130671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1169622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To improve the accuracy of cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement in mice by accounting for the anesthesia effects. Methods: The dependence of CBF on anesthesia dose and time was investigated by simultaneously measuring respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) under four different anesthetic regimens. Quantitative CBF was measured by a phase-contrast (PC) MRI technique. RR was evaluated with a mouse monitoring system (MouseOX) while HR was determined using an ultrashort-TE MRI sequence. CBF, RR, and HR were recorded dynamically with a temporal resolution of 1 min in a total of 19 mice. Linear regression models were used to investigate the relationships among CBF, anesthesia dose, RR, and HR. Results: CBF, RR, and HR all showed a significant dependence on anesthesia dose (p < 0.0001). However, the dose in itself was insufficient to account for the variations in physiological parameters, in that they showed a time-dependent change even for a constant dose. RR and HR together can explain 52.6% of the variations in CBF measurements, which is greater than the amount of variance explained by anesthesia dose (32.4%). Based on the multi-parametric regression results, a model was proposed to correct the anesthesia effects in mouse CBF measurements, specificallyC B F c o r r e c t e d = C B F + 0.58 R R - 0.41 H R - 32.66 D o s e . We also reported awake-state CBF in mice to be 142.0 ± 8.8 mL/100 g/min, which is consistent with the model-predicted value. Conclusion: The accuracy of CBF measurement in mice can be improved by using a correction model that accounts for respiration rate, heart rate, and anesthesia dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Wei
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yuguo Li
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adnan Bibic
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wenzhen Duan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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An optimized bioluminescent substrate for non-invasive imaging in the brain. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:731-739. [PMID: 36759751 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) allows non-invasive visualization of cells and biochemical events in vivo and thus has become an indispensable technique in biomedical research. However, BLI in the central nervous system remains challenging because luciferases show relatively poor performance in the brain with existing substrates. Here, we report the discovery of a NanoLuc substrate with improved brain performance, cephalofurimazine (CFz). CFz paired with Antares luciferase produces greater than 20-fold more signal from the brain than the standard combination of D-luciferin with firefly luciferase. At standard doses, Antares-CFz matches AkaLuc-AkaLumine/TokeOni in brightness, while occasional higher dosing of CFz can be performed to obtain threefold more signal. CFz should allow the growing number of NanoLuc-based indicators to be applied to the brain with high sensitivity. Using CFz, we achieve video-rate non-invasive imaging of Antares in brains of freely moving mice and demonstrate non-invasive calcium imaging of sensory-evoked activity in genetically defined neurons.
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Chen Z, Gezginer I, Augath M, Liu Y, Ni R, Deán‐Ben XL, Razansky D. Simultaneous Functional Magnetic Resonance and Optoacoustic Imaging of Brain-Wide Sensory Responses in Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205191. [PMID: 36437110 PMCID: PMC9875624 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has massively contributed to the understanding of mammalian brain function. However, the origin and interpretation of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals retrieved by fMRI remain highly disputed. This article reports on the development of a fully hybridized system enabling concurrent functional magnetic resonance optoacoustic tomography (MROT) measurements of stimulus-evoked brain-wide sensory responses in mice. The highly complementary angiographic and soft tissue contrasts of both modalities along with simultaneous multi-parametric readings of stimulus-evoked hemodynamic responses are leveraged in order to establish unequivocal links between the various counteracting physiological and metabolic processes in the brain. The results indicate that the BOLD signals are highly correlated, both spatially and temporally, with the total hemoglobin readings resolved with volumetric multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography. Furthermore, the differential oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin optoacoustic readings exhibit superior sensitivity as compared to the BOLD signals when detecting stimulus-evoked hemodynamic responses. The fully hybridized MROT approach greatly expands the neuroimaging toolset to comprehensively study neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling mechanisms and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
| | - Irmak Gezginer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
| | - Mark‐Aurel Augath
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
| | - Yu‐Hang Liu
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán‐Ben
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ)ZurichSwitzerland
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9
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Liu W, Zeng LL, Shen H, Zhou ZT, Hu D. Functional orderly topography of brain networks associated with gene expression heterogeneity. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1083. [PMID: 36220938 PMCID: PMC9554040 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cerebral cortex is vastly expanded relative to nonhuman primates and rodents, leading to a functional orderly topography of brain networks. Here, we show that functional topography may be associated with gene expression heterogeneity. The neocortex exhibits greater heterogeneity in gene expression, with a lower expression of housekeeping genes, a longer mean path length, fewer clusters, and a lower degree of ordering in networks than archicortical and subcortical areas in human, rhesus macaque, and mouse brains. In particular, the cerebellar cortex displays greater heterogeneity in gene expression than cerebellar deep nuclei in the human brain, but not in the mouse brain, corresponding to the emergence of novel functions in the human cerebellar cortex. Moreover, the cortical areas with greater heterogeneity, primarily located in the multimodal association cortex, tend to express genes with higher evolutionary rates and exhibit a higher degree of functional connectivity measured by resting-state fMRI, implying that such a spatial distribution of gene expression may be shaped by evolution and is favourable for the specialization of higher cognitive functions. Together, the cross-species imaging and genetic findings may provide convergent evidence to support the association between the orderly topography of brain function networks and gene expression. Comparative analysis of human, macaque and mouse function and genetic heterogeneity in the brain reveals links between gene expression and orderly topography of functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Li Zeng
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Tan Zhou
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, P. R. China.
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Huang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Wei L, Zhang X, Jin C, Yang J, Li Z, Liang S. The current status and trend of the functional magnetic resonance combined with stimulation in animals. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:963175. [PMID: 36213733 PMCID: PMC9540855 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.963175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a non-radiative, non-invasive imaging technique, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has excellent effects on studying the activation of blood oxygen levels and functional connectivity of the brain in human and animal models. Compared with resting-state fMRI, fMRI combined with stimulation could be used to assess the activation of specific brain regions and the connectivity of specific pathways and achieve better signal capture with a clear purpose and more significant results. Various fMRI methods and specific stimulation paradigms have been proposed to investigate brain activation in a specific state, such as electrical, mechanical, visual, olfactory, and direct brain stimulation. In this review, the studies on animal brain activation using fMRI combined with different stimulation methods were retrieved. The instruments, experimental parameters, anesthesia, and animal models in different stimulation conditions were summarized. The findings would provide a reference for studies on estimating specific brain activation using fMRI combined with stimulation.
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11
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Schwalm M, Tabuena DR, Easton C, Richner TJ, Mourad P, Watari H, Moody WJ, Stroh A. Functional States Shape the Spatiotemporal Representation of Local and Cortex-wide Neural Activity in Mouse Sensory Cortex. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:763-777. [PMID: 35975935 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00424.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal representation of neural activity during rest and upon sensory stimulation in cortical areas is highly dynamic, and may be predominantly governed by cortical state. On the mesoscale level, intrinsic neuronal activity ranges from a persistent state, generally associated with a sustained depolarization of neurons, to a bimodal, slow-wave like state with bursts of neuronal activation, alternating with silent periods. These different activity states are prevalent under certain types of sedatives, or are associated with specific behavioral or vigilance conditions. Neurophysiological experiments assessing circuit activity, usually assume a constant underlying state, yet reports of variability of neuronal responses under seemingly constant conditions are common in the field. Even when a certain type of neural activity or cortical state can stably be maintained over time, the associated response properties are highly relevant for explaining experimental outcomes. Here we describe the spatiotemporal characteristics of ongoing activity and sensory evoked responses under two predominant functional states in the sensory cortices of mice: persistent activity (PA) and slow wave activity (SWA). Using electrophysiological recordings, and local and wide-field calcium recordings, we examine whether spontaneous and sensory evoked neuronal activity propagate throughout the cortex in a state dependent manner. We find that PA and SWA differ in their spatiotemporal characteristics which determine the cortical network's response to a sensory stimulus. During PA state, sensory stimulation elicits gamma-based short-latency responses which precisely follow each stimulation pulse and are prone to adaptation upon higher stimulation frequencies. Sensory responses during SWA are more variable, dependent on refractory periods following spontaneous slow waves. While spontaneous slow waves propagated in anterior-posterior direction in a majority of observations, the direction of propagation of stimulus-elicited wave depends on the sensory modality. These findings suggest that cortical state explains variance and should be considered when investigating multi-scale correlates of functional neurocircuit activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Schwalm
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Dennis R Tabuena
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Curtis Easton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas J Richner
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Pierre Mourad
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Hirofumi Watari
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William J Moody
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Albrecht Stroh
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Ioanas HI, Schlegel F, Skachokova Z, Schroeter A, Husak T, Rudin M. Hybrid fiber optic-fMRI for multimodal cell-specific recording and manipulation of neural activity in rodents. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:032206. [PMID: 35355657 PMCID: PMC8936941 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.032206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Multiscale imaging holds particular relevance to neuroscience, where it helps integrate the cellular and molecular biological scale, which is most accessible to interventions, with holistic organ-level evaluations, most relevant with respect to function. Being inextricably interdisciplinary, multiscale imaging benefits substantially from incremental technology adoption, and a detailed overview of the state-of-the-art is vital to an informed application of imaging methods. Aim: In this article, we lay out the background and methodological aspects of multimodal approaches combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with simultaneous optical measurement or stimulation. Approach: We focus on optical techniques as these allow, in conjunction with genetically encoded proteins (e.g. calcium indicators or optical signal transducers), unprecedented read-out and control specificity for individual cell-types during fMRI experiments, while leveraging non-interfering modalities. Results: A variety of different solutions for optical/fMRI methods has been reported ranging from bulk fluorescence recordings via fiber photometry to high resolution microscopy. In particular, the plethora of optogenetic tools has enabled the transformation of stimulus-evoked fMRI into a cell biological interrogation method. We discuss the capabilities and limitations of these genetically encoded molecular tools in the study of brain phenomena of great methodological and neuropsychiatric interest-such as neurovascular coupling (NVC) and neuronal network mapping. We provide a methodological description of this interdisciplinary field of study, and focus in particular on the limitations of the widely used blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal and how multimodal readouts can shed light on the contributions arising from neurons, astrocytes, or the vasculature. Conclusion: We conclude that information from multiple signaling pathways must be incorporated in future forward models of the BOLD response to prevent erroneous conclusions when using fMRI as a surrogate measure for neural activity. Further, we highlight the potential of direct neuronal stimulation via genetically defined brain networks towards advancing neurophysiological understanding and better estimating effective connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horea-Ioan Ioanas
- University of Zurich Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Dartmouth College, Center for Open Neuroscience, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Address all correspondence to Markus Rudin, ; Horea-Ioan Ioanas,
| | - Felix Schlegel
- University of Zurich Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zhiva Skachokova
- University of Zurich Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aileen Schroeter
- University of Zurich Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, USZ Innovation Hub, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tetiana Husak
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Markus Rudin
- University of Zurich Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
- The LOOP Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Address all correspondence to Markus Rudin, ; Horea-Ioan Ioanas,
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13
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Gong X, Jin T, Wang Y, Zhang R, Qi W, Xi L. Photoacoustic microscopy visualizes glioma-induced disruptions of cortical microvascular structure and function. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35316796 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac5fcc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioma growth may cause pervasive disruptions of brain vascular structure and function. Revealing both structural and functional alterations at a fine spatial scale is challenging for existing imaging techniques, which could confound the understanding of the basic mechanisms of brain diseases. In this study, we apply photoacoustic microscopy with a high spatial-temporal resolution and a wide field of view (FOV) to investigate the glioma-induced alterations of cortical vascular morphology, hemodynamic response, as well as functional connectivity at resting- and stimulated- states. We find that glioma promotes the growth of microvessels and leads to the increase of vascular proportion in the cerebral cortex by deriving structural parameters. The glioma also causes the loss of response in the ipsilateral hemisphere and abnormal response in the contralateral hemisphere, and further induces brain-wide alterations of functional connectivity in resting and stimulated states. The observed results show the foundation of employing photoacoustic microscopy as a potential technique in revealing the underlying mechanisms of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China, Shenzhen, 518055, CHINA
| | - Tian Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
| | - Yongchao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
| | - Weizhi Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
| | - Lei Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
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14
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Hyppönen V, Stenroos P, Nivajärvi R, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Gröhn O, Paasonen J, Kettunen MI. Metabolism of hyperpolarised [1- 13 C]pyruvate in awake and anaesthetised rat brains. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4635. [PMID: 34672399 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of hyperpolarised 13 C pyruvate for nononcological neurological applications has not been widespread so far, possibly due to delivery issues limiting the visibility of metabolites. First proof-of-concept results have indicated that metabolism can be detected in human brain, and this may supersede the results obtained in preclinical settings. One major difference between the experimental setups is that preclinical MRI/MRS routinely uses anaesthesia, which alters both haemodynamics and metabolism. Here, we used hyperpolarised [1-13 C]pyruvate to compare brain metabolism in awake rats and under isoflurane, urethane or medetomidine anaesthesia. Spectroscopic [1-13 C]pyruvate time courses measured sequentially showed that pyruvate-to-bicarbonate and pyruvate-to-lactate labelling rates were lower in isoflurane animals than awake animals. An increased bicarbonate-to-lactate ratio was observed in the medetomidine group compared with other groups. The study shows that hyperpolarised [1-13 C]pyruvate experiments can be performed in awake rats, thus avoiding anaesthesia-related issues. The results suggest that haemodynamics probably dominate the observed pyruvate-to-metabolite labelling rates and area-under-time course ratios of referenced to pyruvate. On the other hand, the results obtained with medetomidine suggest that the ratios are also modulated by the underlying cerebral metabolism. However, the ratios between intracellular metabolites were unchanged in awake compared with isoflurane-anaesthetised rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viivi Hyppönen
- Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petteri Stenroos
- Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Nivajärvi
- Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Olli Gröhn
- Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Paasonen
- Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko I Kettunen
- Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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15
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Pradier B, Wachsmuth L, Nagelmann N, Segelcke D, Kreitz S, Hess A, Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Faber C. Combined resting state-fMRI and calcium recordings show stable brain states for task-induced fMRI in mice under combined ISO/MED anesthesia. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118626. [PMID: 34637903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For fMRI in animal models, the combination of low-dose anesthetic, isoflurane (ISO), and the sedative medetomidine (MED) has recently become an advocated regimen to achieve stable neuronal states and brain networks in rats that are required for reliable task-induced BOLD fMRI. However, in mice the temporal stability of neuronal states and networks in resting-state (rs)-fMRI experiments during the combined ISO/MED regimen has not been systematically investigated. Using a multimodal approach with optical calcium (Ca2+) recordings and rs-fMRI, we investigated cortical neuronal/astrocytic Ca2+activity states and brain networks at multiple time points while switching from anesthesia with 1% ISO to a combined ISO/MED regimen. We found that cortical activity states reached a steady-state 45 min following start of MED infusion as indicated by stable Ca2+ transients. Similarly, rs-networks were not statistically different between anesthesia with ISO and the combined ISO/MED regimen 45 and 100 min after start of MED. Importantly, during the transition time we identified changed rs-network signatures that likely reflect the different mode of action of the respective anesthetic; these included a dose-dependent increase in cortico-cortical functional connectivity (FC) presumably caused by reduction of ISO concentration and decreased FC in subcortical arousal nuclei due to MED infusion. Furthermore, we report detection of visual stimulation-induced BOLD fMRI during the stable ISO/MED neuronal state 45 min after induction. Based on our findings, we recommend a 45-minute waiting period after switching from ISO anesthesia to the combined ISO/MED regimen before performing rs- or task-induced fMRI experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pradier
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Lydia Wachsmuth
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Nina Nagelmann
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Daniel Segelcke
- Department of Anesthesiology Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Silke Kreitz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hess
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Esther M Pogatzki-Zahn
- Department of Anesthesiology Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.
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16
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Bontempi P, Podda R, Daducci A, Sonato N, Fattoretti P, Fiorini S, Tambalo S, Mosconi E, Merigo F, Balietti M, Marzola P. MRI characterization of rat brain aging at structural and functional level: Clues for translational applications. Exp Gerontol 2021; 152:111432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Characterization of brain-wide somatosensory BOLD fMRI in mice under dexmedetomidine/isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13110. [PMID: 34162952 PMCID: PMC8222234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse fMRI under anesthesia has become increasingly popular due to improvement in obtaining brain-wide BOLD response. Medetomidine with isoflurane has become well-accepted for resting-state fMRI, but whether this combination allows for stable, expected, and robust brain-wide evoked response in mice has yet to be validated. We thus utilized intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine with inhaled isoflurane and intravenous infusion of ketamine/xylazine to elucidate whether stable mouse physiology and BOLD response are obtainable in response to simultaneous forepaw and whisker-pad stimulation throughout 8 h. We found both anesthetics result in hypercapnia with depressed heart rate and respiration due to self-breathing, but these values were stable throughout 8 h. Regardless of the mouse condition, brain-wide, robust, and stable BOLD response throughout the somatosensory axis was observed with differences in sensitivity and dynamics. Dexmedetomidine/isoflurane resulted in fast, boxcar-like, BOLD response with consistent hemodynamic shapes throughout the brain. Ketamine/xylazine response showed higher sensitivity, prolonged BOLD response, and evidence for cortical disinhibition as significant bilateral cortical response was observed. In addition, differing hemodynamic shapes were observed between cortical and subcortical areas. Overall, we found both anesthetics are applicable for evoked mouse fMRI studies.
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18
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One-pot synthesis of carboxymethyl-dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles (CION) for preclinical fMRI and MRA applications. Neuroimage 2021; 238:118213. [PMID: 34116153 PMCID: PMC8418149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles are robust contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used for sensitive structural and functional mapping of the cerebral blood volume (CBV) when administered intravenously. To date, many CBV-MRI studies are conducted with Feraheme, manufactured for the clinical treatment of iron-deficiency. Unfortunately, Feraheme is currently not available outside the United States due to commercial and regulatory constraints, making CBV-MRI methods either inaccessible or very costly to achieve. To address this barrier, we developed a simple, one-pot recipe to synthesize Carboxymethyl-dextran coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, namely, “CION”, suitable for preclinical CBV-MRI applications. Here we disseminate a step-by-step instruction of our one-pot synthesis protocol, which allows CION to be produced in laboratories with minimal cost. We also characterized different CION-conjugations by manipulating polymer to metal stoichiometric ratio in terms of their size, surface chemistry, and chemical composition, and shifts in MR relaxivity and pharmacokinetics. We performed several proof-of-concept experiments in vivo, demonstrating the utility of CION for functional and structural MRI applications, including hypercapnic CO2 challenge, visual stimulation, targeted optogenetic stimulation, and microangiography. We also present evidence that CION can serve as a cross-modality research platform by showing concurrent in vivo optical and MRI measurement of CBV using fluorescent-labeled CION. The simplicity and cost-effectiveness of our one-pot synthesis method should allow researchers to reproduce CION and tailor the relaxivity and pharmacokinetics according to their imaging needs. It is our hope that this work makes CBV-MRI more openly available and affordable for a variety of research applications.
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19
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Just N. Proton functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy in rodents. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4254. [PMID: 31967711 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proton functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-fMRS) in the human brain is able to assess and quantify the metabolic response due to localized brain activity. Currently, 1 H-fMRS of the human brain is complementary to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a recommended technique at high field strengths (>7 T) for the investigation of neurometabolic couplings, thereby providing insight into the mechanisms underlying brain activity and brain connectivity. Understanding typical healthy brain metabolism during a task is expected to provide a baseline from which to detect and characterize neurochemical alterations associated with various neurological or psychiatric disorders and diseases. It is of paramount importance to resolve fundamental questions related to the regulation of neurometabolic processes. New techniques such as optogenetics may be coupled to fMRI and fMRS to bring more specificity to investigations of brain cell populations during cerebral activation thus enabling a higher link to molecular changes and therapeutic advances. These rather novel techniques are mainly available for rodent applications and trigger renewed interest in animal fMRS. However, rodent fMRS remains fairly confidential due to its inherent low signal-to-noise ratio and its dependence on anesthesia. For instance, the accurate determination of metabolic concentration changes during stimulation requires robust knowledge of the physiological environment of the measured region of interest linked to anesthesia in most cases. These factors may also have a strong influence on B0 homogeneity. Therefore, a degree of calibration of the stimulus strength and duration may be needed for increased knowledge of the underpinnings of cerebral activity. Here, we propose an early review of the current status of 1 H-fMRS in rodents and summarize current difficulties and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Just
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
- INRAE, Centre, Tours Val de Loire, France
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20
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Hemodynamic response to sensory stimulation in mice: Comparison between functional ultrasound and optoacoustic imaging. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118111. [PMID: 33940140 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense efforts are underway to develop functional imaging modalities for capturing brain activity at the whole organ scale with high spatial and temporal resolution. Functional optoacoustic (fOA) imaging is emerging as a new tool to monitor multiple hemodynamic parameters across the mouse brain, but its sound validation against other neuroimaging modalities is often lacking. Here we investigate mouse brain responses to peripheral sensory stimulation using both fOA and functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging. The two modalities operate under similar spatio-temporal resolution regime, with a potential to provide synergistic and complementary hemodynamic readouts. Specific contralateral activation was observed with sub-millimeter spatial resolution with both methods. Sensitivity to hemodynamic activity was found to be on comparable levels, with the strongest responses obtained in the oxygenated hemoglobin channel of fOA. While the techniques attained highly correlated hemodynamic responses, the differential fOA readings of oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin provided complementary information to the blood flow contrast of fUS. The multi-modal approach may thus emerge as a powerful tool providing new insights into brain function, complementing our current knowledge generated with well-established neuroimaging methods.
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21
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Petiet A. Current and Emerging MR Methods and Outcome in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease: A Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:583678. [PMID: 33897339 PMCID: PMC8058186 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.583678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disease characterized by massive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies, and neuroinflammation. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and treatment. A variety of MR methods are available to characterize neurodegeneration and other disease features such as iron accumulation and metabolic changes in animal models of PD. This review aims at giving an overview of how those physiopathological features of PD have been investigated using various MR methods in rodent models. Toxin-based and genetic-based models of PD are first described. MR methods for neurodegeneration evaluation, iron load, and metabolism alterations are then detailed, and the main findings are provided in those models. Ultimately, future directions are suggested for neuroinflammation and neuromelanin evaluations in new animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Petiet
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche, Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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22
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Paik SH, Lee SH, Kim JH, Kang SY, Phillips V Z, Choi Y, Kim BM. Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy brain imaging system for small animals in mobile conditions. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:025013. [PMID: 34179215 PMCID: PMC8230091 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.2.025013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: We propose a customized animal-specific head cap and an near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system to obtain NIRS signals in mobile small animals. NIRS studies in mobile small animals provide a feasible solution for comprehensive brain function studies. Aim: We aim to develop and validate a multichannel NIRS system capable of performing functional brain imaging along with a closed-box stimulation kit for small animals in mobile conditions. Approach: The customized NIRS system uses light-weight long optical fibers, along with a customized light-weight head cap to securely attach the optical fibers to the mouse. A customized stimulation box was designed to perform various stimuli in a controlled environment. The system performance was tested in a visual stimulation task on eight anesthetized mice and eight freely moving mice. Results: Following the visual stimulation task, we observed a significant stimulation-related oxyhemoglobin (HbO) increase in the visual cortex of freely moving mice during the task. In contrast, HbO concentration did not change significantly in the visual cortex of anesthetized mice. Conclusions: We demonstrate the feasibility of a wearable, multichannel NIRS system for small animals in a less confined experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Paik
- Korea University, College of Health Science, Global Health Technology Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KLIEN Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Korea University, College of Health Science, Global Health Technology Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kim
- Korea University, Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kang
- Korea University, Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zephaniah Phillips V
- Korea University, Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoon Choi
- Korea University, Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beop-Min Kim
- Korea University, Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea University, Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Steiner AR, Rousseau-Blass F, Schroeter A, Hartnack S, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Systematic Review: Anesthetic Protocols and Management as Confounders in Rodent Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BOLD fMRI)-Part B: Effects of Anesthetic Agents, Doses and Timing. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010199. [PMID: 33467584 PMCID: PMC7830239 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To understand brain function in rats and mice functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is used. With this type of “brain scan” regional changes in blood flow and oxygen consumption are measured as an indirect surrogate for activity of brain regions. Animals are often anesthetized for the experiments to prevent stress and blurred images due to movement. However, anesthesia may alter the measurements, as blood flow within the brain is differently affected by different anesthetics, and anesthetics also directly affect brain function. Consequently, results obtained under one anesthetic protocol may not be comparable with those obtained under another, and/or not representative for awake animals and humans. We have systematically searched the existing literature for studies analyzing the effects of different anesthesia methods or studies that compared anesthetized and awake animals. Most studies reported that anesthetic agents, doses and timing had an effect on functional magnetic resonance imaging results. To obtain results which promote our understanding of brain function, it is therefore essential that a standard for anesthetic protocols for functional magnetic resonance is defined and their impact is well characterized. Abstract In rodent models the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) under anesthesia is common. The anesthetic protocol might influence fMRI readouts either directly or via changes in physiological parameters. As long as those factors cannot be objectively quantified, the scientific validity of fMRI in rodents is impaired. In the present systematic review, literature analyzing in rats and mice the influence of anesthesia regimes and concurrent physiological functions on blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI results was investigated. Studies from four databases that were searched were selected following pre-defined criteria. Two separate articles publish the results; the herewith presented article includes the analyses of 83 studies. Most studies found differences in BOLD fMRI readouts with different anesthesia drugs and dose rates, time points of imaging or when awake status was compared to anesthetized animals. To obtain scientifically valid, reproducible results from rodent fMRI studies, stable levels of anesthesia with agents suitable for the model under investigation as well as known and objectively quantifiable effects on readouts are, thus, mandatory. Further studies should establish dose ranges for standardized anesthetic protocols and determine time windows for imaging during which influence of anesthesia on readout is objectively quantifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R. Steiner
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Frédérik Rousseau-Blass
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Aileen Schroeter
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
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Dinh TNA, Jung WB, Shim HJ, Kim SG. Characteristics of fMRI responses to visual stimulation in anesthetized vs. awake mice. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117542. [PMID: 33186719 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional characteristics of the mouse visual system have not previously been well explored using fMRI. In this research, we examined 9.4 T BOLD fMRI responses to visual stimuli of varying pulse durations (1 - 50 ms) and temporal frequencies (1 - 10 Hz) under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia, and compared fMRI responses of anesthetized and awake mice. Under anesthesia, significant positive BOLD responses were detected bilaterally in the major structures of the visual pathways, including the dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei, superior colliculus, lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus, primary visual area, and higher-order visual area. BOLD responses increased slightly with pulse duration, were maximal at 3 - 5 Hz stimulation, and significantly decreased at 10 Hz, which were all consistent with previous neurophysiological findings. When the mice were awake, the BOLD fMRI response was faster in all active regions and stronger in the subcortical areas compared with the anesthesia condition. In the V1, the BOLD response was biphasic for 5 Hz stimulation and negative for 10 Hz stimulation under wakefulness, whereas prolonged positive BOLD responses were observed at both frequencies under anesthesia. Unexpected activation was detected in the extrastriate postrhinal area and non-visual subiculum complex under anesthesia, but not under wakefulness. Widespread positive BOLD activity under anesthesia likely results from the disinhibition and sensitization of excitatory neurons induced by ketamine. Overall, fMRI can be a viable tool for mapping brain-wide functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Anh Dinh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Beom Jung
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Shim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Lake EMR, Ge X, Shen X, Herman P, Hyder F, Cardin JA, Higley MJ, Scheinost D, Papademetris X, Crair MC, Constable RT. Simultaneous cortex-wide fluorescence Ca 2+ imaging and whole-brain fMRI. Nat Methods 2020; 17:1262-1271. [PMID: 33139894 PMCID: PMC7704940 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-00984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Achieving a comprehensive understanding of brain function requires multiple imaging modalities with complementary strengths. We present an approach for concurrent widefield optical and functional magnetic resonance imaging. By merging these modalities, we can simultaneously acquire whole-brain blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) and whole-cortex calcium-sensitive fluorescent measures of brain activity. In a transgenic murine model, we show that calcium predicts the BOLD signal, using a model that optimizes a gamma-variant transfer function. We find consistent predictions across the cortex, which are best at low frequency (0.009-0.08 Hz). Furthermore, we show that the relationship between modality connectivity strengths varies by region. Our approach links cell-type-specific optical measurements of activity to the most widely used method for assessing human brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M R Lake
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Xinxin Ge
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xilin Shen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter Herman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jessica A Cardin
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Higley
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xenophon Papademetris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael C Crair
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - R Todd Constable
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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26
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Steiner AR, Rousseau-Blass F, Schroeter A, Hartnack S, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Systematic Review: Anaesthetic Protocols and Management as Confounders in Rodent Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BOLD fMRI)-Part A: Effects of Changes in Physiological Parameters. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:577119. [PMID: 33192261 PMCID: PMC7646331 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.577119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To understand brain function in health and disease, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used in rodent models. Because animals need to be immobilised for image acquisition, fMRI is commonly performed under anaesthesia. The choice of anaesthetic protocols and may affect fMRI readouts, either directly or via changing physiological balance, and thereby threaten the scientific validity of fMRI in rodents. Methods: The present study systematically reviewed the literature investigating the influence of different anaesthesia regimes and changes in physiological parameters as confounders of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI in rats and mice. Four databases were searched, studies selected according to pre-defined criteria, and risk of bias assessed for each study. Results are reported in two separate articles; this part of the review focuses on effects of changes in physiological parameters. Results: A total of 121 publications was included, of which 49 addressed effects of changes in physiological parameters. Risk of bias was high in all included studies. Blood oxygenation [arterial partial pressure of oxygen (paO2)], ventilation [arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (paCO2)] and arterial blood pressure affected BOLD fMRI readouts across various experimental paradigms. Conclusions: Blood oxygenation, ventilation and arterial blood pressure should be monitored and maintained at stable physiological levels throughout experiments. Appropriate anaesthetic management and monitoring are crucial to obtain scientifically valid, reproducible results from fMRI studies in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R. Steiner
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frédérik Rousseau-Blass
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Aileen Schroeter
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Becq GJPC, Habet T, Collomb N, Faucher M, Delon-Martin C, Coizet V, Achard S, Barbier EL. Functional connectivity is preserved but reorganized across several anesthetic regimes. Neuroimage 2020; 219:116945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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28
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Shim H, Lee J, Kim S. BOLD fMRI and hemodynamic responses to somatosensory stimulation in anesthetized mice: spontaneous breathing vs. mechanical ventilation. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4311. [PMID: 32297409 PMCID: PMC7317444 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mouse functional MRI (fMRI) has been of great interest due to the abundance of transgenic models. Due to a mouse's small size, spontaneous breathing has often been used. Because the vascular physiology affecting fMRI might not be controlled normally, its effects on functional responses were investigated with optical intrinsic signal (OIS) imaging and 9.4 T BOLD fMRI. Three conditions were tested in C57BL/6 mice: spontaneous breathing under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia (KX), mechanical ventilation under KX, and mechanical ventilation under isoflurane. Spontaneous breathing under KX induced an average pCO2 of 83 mmHg, whereas a mechanical ventilation condition achieved a pCO2 of 37-41 mmHg within a physiological range. The baseline diameter of arterial and venous vessels was only 7%-9% larger with spontaneous breathing than with mechanical ventilation under KX, but it was much smaller than that in normocapnic isoflurane-anesthetized mice. Three major functional studies were performed. First, CBV-weighted OIS and arterial dilations to 4-second forepaw stimulation were rapid and larger at normocapnia than hypercapnia under KX, but very small under isoflurane. Second, CBV-weighted OIS and arterial dilations by vasodilator acetazolamide were measured for investigating vascular reactivity and were larger in the normocapnic condition than in the hypercapnic condition under KX. Third, evoked OIS and BOLD fMRI responses in the contralateral mouse somatosensory cortex to 20-second forepaw stimulation were faster and larger in the mechanical ventilation than spontaneous breathing. BOLD fMRI peaked at the end of the 20-second stimulation under hypercapnic spontaneous breathing, and at ~9 seconds under mechanical ventilation. The peak amplitude of BOLD fMRI was 2.2% at hypercapnia and ~3.4% at normocapnia. Overall, spontaneous breathing induces sluggish reduced hemodynamic and fMRI responses, but it is still viable for KX anesthesia due to its simplicity, noninvasiveness, and well-localized BOLD activity in the somatosensory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Ji Shim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR)Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul06355Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyeol Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR)Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Seong‐Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR)Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul06355Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
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29
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Mc Larney B, Hutter MA, Degtyaruk O, Deán-Ben XL, Razansky D. Monitoring of Stimulus Evoked Murine Somatosensory Cortex Hemodynamic Activity With Volumetric Multi-Spectral Optoacoustic Tomography. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:536. [PMID: 32581686 PMCID: PMC7283916 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory stimulation is an attractive paradigm for studying brain activity using various optical-, ultrasound- and MRI-based functional neuroimaging methods. Optoacoustics has been recently suggested as a powerful new tool for scalable mapping of multiple hemodynamic parameters with rich contrast and previously unachievable spatio-temporal resolution. Yet, its utility for studying the processing of peripheral inputs at the whole brain level has so far not been quantified. We employed volumetric multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography (vMSOT) to non-invasively monitor the HbO, HbR, and HbT dynamics across the mouse somatosensory cortex evoked by electrical paw stimuli. We show that elevated contralateral activation is preserved in the HbO map (invisible to MRI) under isoflurane anesthesia. Brain activation is shown to be predominantly confined to the somatosensory cortex, with strongest activation in the hindpaw region of the contralateral sensorimotor cortex. Furthermore, vMSOT detected the presence of an initial dip in the contralateral hindpaw region in the delta HbO channel. Sensorimotor cortical activity was identified over all other regions in HbT and HbO but not in HbR. Pearson’s correlation mapping enabled localizing the response to the sensorimotor cortex further highlighting the ability of vMSOT to bridge over imaging performance deficiencies of other functional neuroimaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Mc Larney
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Oleksiy Degtyaruk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Crofts A, Trotman-Lucas M, Janus J, Kelly M, Gibson CL. A longitudinal, multi-parametric functional MRI study to determine age-related changes in the rodent brain. Neuroimage 2020; 218:116976. [PMID: 32464290 PMCID: PMC7422839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, the incidence of age-related neurological diseases and cognitive decline increases. To further understand disease-related changes in brain function it is advantageous to examine brain activity changes in healthy aging rodent models to permit mechanistic investigation. Here, we examine the suitability, in rodents, of using a novel, minimally invasive anaesthesia protocol in combination with a functional MRI protocol to assess alterations in neuronal activity due to physiological aging. 11 Wistar Han female rats were studied at 7, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months of age. Under an intravenous infusion of propofol, animals underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) with forepaw stimulation to quantify neurotransmitter activity, and resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) quantification using arterial spin labelling (ASL) to study changes in neurovascular coupling over time. Animals showed a significant decrease in size of the active region with age (P < 0.05). fMRS results showed a significant decrease in glutamate change with stimulation (ΔGlu) with age (P < 0.05), and ΔGlu became negative from 12 months onwards. Global CBF remained constant for the duration of the study. This study shows age related changes in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response in rodents that correlate with those seen in humans. The results also suggest that a reduction in synaptic glutamate turnover with age may underlie the reduction in the BOLD response, while CBF is preserved. Describe a novel anaesthetic protocol to examine age-related alterations in neuronal activity in rodents. Size of the BOLD signal in the somatosensory cortex decreased with age. Reduction in glutamate turnover with age. No change in resting CBF with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Crofts
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Preclinical Imaging Facility, Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Melissa Trotman-Lucas
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Justyna Janus
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael Kelly
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Claire L Gibson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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31
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Reimann HM, Niendorf T. The (Un)Conscious Mouse as a Model for Human Brain Functions: Key Principles of Anesthesia and Their Impact on Translational Neuroimaging. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:8. [PMID: 32508601 PMCID: PMC7248373 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, technical and procedural advances have brought functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to the field of murine neuroscience. Due to its unique capacity to measure functional activity non-invasively, across the entire brain, fMRI allows for the direct comparison of large-scale murine and human brain functions. This opens an avenue for bidirectional translational strategies to address fundamental questions ranging from neurological disorders to the nature of consciousness. The key challenges of murine fMRI are: (1) to generate and maintain functional brain states that approximate those of calm and relaxed human volunteers, while (2) preserving neurovascular coupling and physiological baseline conditions. Low-dose anesthetic protocols are commonly applied in murine functional brain studies to prevent stress and facilitate a calm and relaxed condition among animals. Yet, current mono-anesthesia has been shown to impair neural transmission and hemodynamic integrity. By linking the current state of murine electrophysiology, Ca2+ imaging and fMRI of anesthetic effects to findings from human studies, this systematic review proposes general principles to design, apply and monitor anesthetic protocols in a more sophisticated way. The further development of balanced multimodal anesthesia, combining two or more drugs with complementary modes of action helps to shape and maintain specific brain states and relevant aspects of murine physiology. Functional connectivity and its dynamic repertoire as assessed by fMRI can be used to make inferences about cortical states and provide additional information about whole-brain functional dynamics. Based on this, a simple and comprehensive functional neurosignature pattern can be determined for use in defining brain states and anesthetic depth in rest and in response to stimuli. Such a signature can be evaluated and shared between labs to indicate the brain state of a mouse during experiments, an important step toward translating findings across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning M. Reimann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers (HZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers (HZ), Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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32
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Lehto LJ, Canna A, Wu L, Sierra A, Zhurakovskaya E, Ma J, Pearce C, Shaio M, Filip P, Johnson MD, Low WC, Gröhn O, Tanila H, Mangia S, Michaeli S. Orientation selective deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in rats. Neuroimage 2020; 213:116750. [PMID: 32198048 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become an important tool in the management of a wide spectrum of diseases in neurology and psychiatry. Target selection is a vital aspect of DBS so that only the desired areas are stimulated. Segmented leads and current steering have been shown to be promising additions to DBS technology enabling better control of the stimulating electric field. Recently introduced orientation selective DBS (OS-DBS) is a related development permitting sensitization of the stimulus to axonal pathways with different orientations by freely controlling the primary direction of the electric field using multiple contacts. Here, we used OS-DBS to stimulate the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in healthy rats while simultaneously monitoring the induced brain activity with fMRI. Maximal activation of the sensorimotor and basal ganglia-thalamocortical networks was observed when the electric field was aligned mediolaterally in the STN pointing in the lateral direction, while no cortical activation was observed with the electric field pointing medially to the opposite direction. Such findings are consistent with mediolateral main direction of the STN fibers, as seen with high resolution diffusion imaging and histology. The asymmetry of the OS-DBS dipolar field distribution using three contacts along with the potential stimulation of the internal capsule, are also discussed. We conclude that OS-DBS offers an additional degree of flexibility for optimization of DBS of the STN which may enable a better treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri J Lehto
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Antonietta Canna
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Lin Wu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alejandra Sierra
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Zhurakovskaya
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Clairice Pearce
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Maple Shaio
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Pavel Filip
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital of St. Anne, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew D Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Walter C Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Olli Gröhn
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Silvia Mangia
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shalom Michaeli
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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33
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Zhao F, Meng X, Lu S, Hyde LA, Kennedy ME, Houghton AK, Evelhoch JL, Hines CDG. fMRI study of olfactory processing in mice under three anesthesia protocols: Insight into the effect of ketamine on olfactory processing. Neuroimage 2020; 213:116725. [PMID: 32173412 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a valuable tool for studying neural activations in the central nervous system of animals due to its wide spatial coverage and non-invasive nature. However, the advantages of fMRI have not been fully realized in functional studies in mice, especially in the olfactory system, possibly due to the lack of suitable anesthesia protocols with spontaneous breathing. Since mice are widely used in biomedical research, it is desirable to evaluate different anesthesia protocols for olfactory fMRI studies in mice. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) as a sedative/anesthetic has been introduced to fMRI studies in mice, but it has a limited anesthesia duration. To extend the anesthesia duration, DEX has been combined with a low dose of isoflurane (ISO) or ketamine (KET) in previous functional studies in mice. In this report, olfactory fMRI studies were performed under three anesthesia protocols (DEX alone, DEX/ISO, and DEX/KET) in three different groups of mice. Isoamyl-acetate was used as an odorant, and the odorant-induced neural activations were measured by blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) fMRI. BOLD fMRI responses were observed in the olfactory bulb (OB), anterior olfactory nuclei (AON), and piriform cortex (Pir). Interestingly, BOLD fMRI activations were also observed in the prefrontal cortical region (PFC), which are most likely caused by the draining vein effect. The response in the OB showed no adaptation to either repeated odor stimulations or continuous odor exposure, but the response in the Pir showed adaptation during the continuous odor exposure. The data also shows that ISO suppresses the olfactory response in the OB and AON, while KET enhances the olfactory response in the Pir. Thus, DEX/KET should be an attractive anesthesia for olfactory fMRI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sherry Lu
- Merck & Co. Inc, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
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Age-related murine hippocampal CA1 laminae oxidative stress measured in vivo by QUEnch-assiSTed (QUEST) MRI: impact of isoflurane anesthesia. GeroScience 2020; 42:563-574. [PMID: 31981008 PMCID: PMC7205849 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related impairments in spatial learning and memory often precede non-familial neurodegenerative disease. Ex vivo studies suggest that physiologic age-related oxidative stress in hippocampus area CA1 may contribute to prodromal spatial disorientation and to morbidity. Yet, conventional blood or cerebrospinal fluid assays appear insufficient for early detection or management of oxidative stress within CA1 sub-regions in vivo. Here, we address this biomarker problem using a non-invasive MRI index of CA1 laminae oxidative stress based on reduction in R1 (= 1/T1) after anti-oxidant administration. An R1 reduction reflects quenching of continuous and excessive production of endogenous paramagnetic free radicals. Careful motion-correction image acquisition, and avoiding repeated exposure to isoflurane, facilitates detection of hippocampus CA1 laminae oxidative stress with QUEnch-assiSTed (QUEST) MRI. Intriguingly, age- and isoflurane-related oxidative stress is localized to the stratum lacunosum of the CA1 region. Our data raise the possibility of using QUEST MRI and FDA-approved anti-oxidants to remediate spatial disorientation and later neurodegeneration with age in animals and humans.
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35
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Mandino F, Cerri DH, Garin CM, Straathof M, van Tilborg GAF, Chakravarty MM, Dhenain M, Dijkhuizen RM, Gozzi A, Hess A, Keilholz SD, Lerch JP, Shih YYI, Grandjean J. Animal Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Trends and Path Toward Standardization. Front Neuroinform 2020; 13:78. [PMID: 32038217 PMCID: PMC6987455 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a non-invasive window into brain activity. A collection of associated methods aims to replicate observations made in humans and to identify the mechanisms underlying the distributed neuronal activity in the healthy and disordered brain. Animal fMRI studies have developed rapidly over the past years, fueled by the development of resting-state fMRI connectivity and genetically encoded neuromodulatory tools. Yet, comparisons between sites remain hampered by lack of standardization. Recently, we highlighted that mouse resting-state functional connectivity converges across centers, although large discrepancies in sensitivity and specificity remained. Here, we explore past and present trends within the animal fMRI community and highlight critical aspects in study design, data acquisition, and post-processing operations, that may affect the results and influence the comparability between studies. We also suggest practices aimed to promote the adoption of standards within the community and improve between-lab reproducibility. The implementation of standardized animal neuroimaging protocols will facilitate animal population imaging efforts as well as meta-analysis and replication studies, the gold standards in evidence-based science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mandino
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Domenic H. Cerri
- Center for Animal MRI, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Clement M. Garin
- Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, MIRCen, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Milou Straathof
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Geralda A. F. van Tilborg
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Dhenain
- Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, MIRCen, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Rick M. Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Gozzi
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @ UNITN, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Andreas Hess
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shella D. Keilholz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroImaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal MRI, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Joanes Grandjean
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Donders Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Lu X, Moeini M, Li B, Thorin É, Lesage F. Hypertension accelerates cerebral tissue PO 2 disruption in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2020; 715:134626. [PMID: 31726177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study measured stimulus-evoked brain tissue oxygenation changes in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease (AD) and further explored the influence of exercise and angiotensin II-induced hypertension on these changes. in vivo two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy was used to investigate local changes in brain tissue oxygenation following whisker stimulation. During rest periods, PO2 values close to the arteriolar wall were lower in the AD groups and the PO2 spatial decay as a function of distance to arteriole was increased by hypertension. During stimulation, tissue PO2 response had a similar spatial dependence across groups. Tissue PO2 response in post-stimulation period was larger in AD groups (e.g., AD6 and ADH6) than in the controls (WT6 and WTH6). After a 3-month voluntary exercise period, some of these changes were reversed in AD mice. This provides novel insight into tissue oxygen delivery and the impact of blood pressure control and exercise on brain tissue oxygenation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecong Lu
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammad Moeini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Baoqiang Li
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Éric Thorin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Chen X, Tong C, Han Z, Zhang K, Bo B, Feng Y, Liang Z. Sensory evoked fMRI paradigms in awake mice. Neuroimage 2020; 204:116242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Lambers H, Segeroth M, Albers F, Wachsmuth L, van Alst TM, Faber C. A cortical rat hemodynamic response function for improved detection of BOLD activation under common experimental conditions. Neuroimage 2019; 208:116446. [PMID: 31846759 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
For a reliable estimation of neuronal activation based on BOLD fMRI measurements an accurate model of the hemodynamic response is essential. Since a large part of basic neuroscience research is based on small animal data, it is necessary to characterize a hemodynamic response function (HRF) which is optimized for small animals. Therefore, we have determined and investigated the HRFs of rats obtained under a variety of experimental conditions in the primary somatosensory cortex. Measurements were performed on animals of different sex and strain, under different anesthetics, with and without ventilation and using different stimulation modalities. All modalities of stimulation used in this study induced neuronal activity in the primary somatosensory cortex or in subcortical regions. Since the HRFs of the BOLD responses in the primary somatosensory cortex showed a close concordance for the different conditions, we were able to determine a cortical rat HRF. This HRF is based on 143 BOLD measurements of 76 rats and can be used for statistical parametric mapping. It showed substantially faster progression than the human HRF, with a maximum after 2.8 ± 0.8 s, and a following undershoot after 6.1 ± 3.7 s. If the rat HRF was used statistical analysis of rat data showed a significantly improved detection performance in the somatosensory cortex in comparison to the commonly used HRF based on measurements in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Lambers
- Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Martin Segeroth
- Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Franziska Albers
- Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Lydia Wachsmuth
- Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Timo Mauritz van Alst
- Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, D-48149, Germany.
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Voluntary exercise increases brain tissue oxygenation and spatially homogenizes oxygen delivery in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 88:11-23. [PMID: 31866158 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although vascular contributions to dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are increasingly recognized, the potential brain oxygenation disruption associated with AD and whether preventive strategies to maintain tissue oxygenation are beneficial remain largely unknown. This study aimed to examine (1) whether brain oxygenation is compromised by the onset of AD and (2) how voluntary exercise modulates the influence of AD on brain oxygenation. In vivo 2-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy was used to investigate local changes of brain tissue oxygenation with the progression of AD and its modulation by exercise in the barrel cortex of awake transgenic AD mice. Our results show that cerebral tissue oxygen partial pressure (PO2) decreased with the onset of AD. Reduced PO2 was associated with the presence of small near-hypoxic areas, an increased oxygen extraction fraction, and reduced blood flow, observations that were all reverted by exercise. AD and age also increased the spatial heterogeneity of brain tissue oxygenation, which was normalized by exercise. Ex vivo staining also showed fewer amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in the exercise group. Finally, we observed correlations between voluntary running distance and cerebral tissue oxygenation/blood flow, suggesting a dose-response relationship of exercise on the brain. Overall, this study suggests that compromised brain oxygenation is an indicator of the onset of AD, with the emergence of potential deleterious mechanisms associated with hypoxia. Furthermore, voluntary exercise enhanced the neurovascular oxygenation process, potentially offering a means to delay these changes.
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40
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Sirmpilatze N, Baudewig J, Boretius S. Temporal stability of fMRI in medetomidine-anesthetized rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16673. [PMID: 31723186 PMCID: PMC6853937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Medetomidine has become a popular choice for anesthetizing rats during long-lasting sessions of blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Despite this, it has not yet been thoroughly established how commonly reported fMRI readouts evolve over several hours of medetomidine anesthesia and how they are affected by the precise timing, dose, and route of administration. We used four different protocols of medetomidine administration to anesthetize rats for up to six hours and repeatedly evaluated somatosensory stimulus-evoked BOLD responses and resting state functional connectivity. We found that the temporal evolution of fMRI readouts strongly depended on the method of administration. Intravenous administration of a medetomidine bolus (0.05 mg/kg), combined with a subsequent continuous infusion (0.1 mg/kg/h), led to temporally stable measures of stimulus-evoked activity and functional connectivity throughout the anesthesia. Deviating from the above protocol-by omitting the bolus, lowering the medetomidine dose, or using the subcutaneous route-compromised the stability of these measures in the initial two-hour period. We conclude that both an appropriate protocol of medetomidine administration and a suitable timing of fMRI experiments are crucial for obtaining consistent results. These factors should be considered for the design and interpretation of future rat fMRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoloz Sirmpilatze
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.
- Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Baudewig
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.
- Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.
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41
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Munting LP, Derieppe MP, Suidgeest E, Denis de Senneville B, Wells JA, van der Weerd L. Influence of different isoflurane anesthesia protocols on murine cerebral hemodynamics measured with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4105. [PMID: 31172591 PMCID: PMC6772066 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arterial spin labeling (ASL)-MRI can noninvasively map cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), potential biomarkers of cognitive impairment and dementia. Mouse models of disease are frequently used in translational MRI studies, which are commonly performed under anesthesia. Understanding the influence of the specific anesthesia protocol used on the measured parameters is important for accurate interpretation of hemodynamic studies with mice. Isoflurane is a frequently used anesthetic with vasodilative properties. Here, the influence of three distinct isoflurane protocols was studied with pseudo-continuous ASL in two different mouse strains. The first protocol was a free-breathing set-up with medium concentrations, the second a free-breathing set-up with low induction and maintenance concentrations, and the third a set-up with medium concentrations and mechanical ventilation. A protocol with the vasoconstrictive anesthetic medetomidine was used as a comparison. As expected, medium isoflurane anesthesia resulted in significantly higher CBF and lower CVR values than medetomidine (median whole-brain CBF of 157.7 vs 84.4 mL/100 g/min and CVR of 0.54 vs 51.7% in C57BL/6 J mice). The other two isoflurane protocols lowered the CBF and increased the CVR values compared with medium isoflurane anesthesia, without obvious differences between them (median whole-brain CBF of 138.9 vs 131.7 mL/100 g/min and CVR of 10.0 vs 9.6%, in C57BL/6 J mice). Furthermore, CVR was shown to be dependent on baseline CBF, regardless of the anesthesia protocol used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon P. Munting
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Marc P.P. Derieppe
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Prinses Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Ernst Suidgeest
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Baudouin Denis de Senneville
- Department of RadiotherapyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Institut de Mathématiques de BordeauxUniversité Bordeaux/CNRS UMR 5251/INRIABordeaux‐Sud‐OuestFrance
| | - Jack A. Wells
- Division of Medicine, UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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42
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Functional spectroscopic imaging reveals specificity of glutamate response in mouse brain to peripheral sensory stimulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10563. [PMID: 31332260 PMCID: PMC6646328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive investigation of physiological changes and metabolic events associated with brain activity in mice constitutes a major challenge. Conventionally, fMRI assesses neuronal activity by evaluating activity-evoked local changes in blood oxygenation levels (BOLD). In isoflurane-anaethetized mice, however, we found that BOLD signal changes during paw stimulation appear to be dominated by arousal responses even when using innocuous stimuli. Widespread responses involving both hemispheres have been observed in response to unilateral stimulation. MRS allows probing metabolic changes associated with neuronal activation and provides a complementary readout to BOLD fMRI for investigating brain activity. In this study we evaluated the sensitivity of a free induction decay (FID) based spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) protocol for the measurement of alterations in glutamate levels elicited by unilateral electrical paw stimulation at different current amplitudes. Coronal MRSI maps of glutamate distribution with 17 × 17 voxels of 1 µl volume have been recorded with a temporal resolution of 12 min. Significant region-specific increases in glutamate levels have been observed in the contralateral but not in the ispiateral S1 somatosensory cortex upon stimulation. The amplitude of glutamate changes increased in a dose-dependent manner with the stimulus amplitude. The study demonstrates feasibility of functional MRSI in mice for studying activity-evoked glutamate changes in a temporo-spatially resolved manner.
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43
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Jung WB, Shim HJ, Kim SG. Mouse BOLD fMRI at ultrahigh field detects somatosensory networks including thalamic nuclei. Neuroimage 2019; 195:203-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Cramer JV, Gesierich B, Roth S, Dichgans M, Düring M, Liesz A. In vivo widefield calcium imaging of the mouse cortex for analysis of network connectivity in health and brain disease. Neuroimage 2019; 199:570-584. [PMID: 31181333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization of brain areas in functionally connected networks, their dynamic changes, and perturbations in disease states are subject of extensive investigations. Research on functional networks in humans predominantly uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, adopting fMRI and other functional imaging methods to mice, the most widely used model to study brain physiology and disease, poses major technical challenges and faces important limitations. Hence, there is great demand for alternative imaging modalities for network characterization. Here, we present a refined protocol for in vivo widefield calcium imaging of both cerebral hemispheres in mice expressing a calcium sensor in excitatory neurons. We implemented a stringent protocol for minimizing anesthesia and excluding movement artifacts which both imposed problems in previous approaches. We further adopted a method for unbiased identification of functional cortical areas using independent component analysis (ICA) on resting-state imaging data. Biological relevance of identified components was confirmed using stimulus-dependent cortical activation. To explore this novel approach in a model of focal brain injury, we induced photothrombotic lesions of the motor cortex, determined changes in inter- and intrahemispheric connectivity at multiple time points up to 56 days post-stroke and correlated them with behavioral deficits. We observed a severe loss in interhemispheric connectivity after stroke, which was partially restored in the chronic phase and associated with corresponding behavioral motor deficits. Taken together, we present an improved widefield calcium imaging tool accounting for anesthesia and movement artifacts, adopting an advanced analysis pipeline based on human fMRI algorithms and with superior sensitivity to recovery mechanisms in mouse models compared to behavioral tests. This tool will enable new studies on interhemispheric connectivity in murine models with comparability to human imaging studies for a wide spectrum of neuroscience applications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia V Cramer
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Gesierich
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Roth
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Düring
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in a mouse model of metastatic bone cancer reveals distinct functional reorganizations along a developing chronic pain state. Pain 2019; 159:719-727. [PMID: 29319607 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging has emerged as attractive option for characterizing pain states complementing behavioral readouts or clinical assessment. In particular, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) enables monitoring of functional adaptations across the brain, for example, in response to chronic nociceptive input. We have used rs-fMRI in a mouse model of chronic pain from breast cancer-derived tibial bone metastases to identify pain-induced alterations in functional connectivity. Combined assessment of behavioral readouts allowed for defining a trajectory as model function for extracting pain-specific functional connectivity changes from the fMRI data reflective of a chronic pain state. Cingulate and prefrontal cortices as well as the ventral striatum were identified as predominantly affected regions, in line with findings from clinical and preclinical studies. Inhibition of the peripheral bone remodeling processes by antiosteolytic therapy led to a reduction of pain-induced network alterations, emphasizing the specificity of the functional readouts for a developing chronic pain state.
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46
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Evaluation of nuisance removal for functional MRI of rodent brain. Neuroimage 2019; 188:694-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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47
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Mannheim JG, Kara F, Doorduin J, Fuchs K, Reischl G, Liang S, Verhoye M, Gremse F, Mezzanotte L, Huisman MC. Standardization of Small Animal Imaging-Current Status and Future Prospects. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:716-731. [PMID: 28971332 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The benefit of small animal imaging is directly linked to the validity and reliability of the collected data. If the data (regardless of the modality used) are not reproducible and/or reliable, then the outcome of the data is rather questionable. Therefore, standardization of the use of small animal imaging equipment, as well as of animal handling in general, is of paramount importance. In a recent paper, guidance for efficient small animal imaging quality control was offered and discussed, among others, the use of phantoms in setting up a quality control program (Osborne et al. 2016). The same phantoms can be used to standardize image quality parameters for multi-center studies or multi-scanners within center studies. In animal experiments, the additional complexity due to animal handling needs to be addressed to ensure standardized imaging procedures. In this review, we will address the current status of standardization in preclinical imaging, as well as potential benefits from increased levels of standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Mannheim
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Firat Kara
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Fuchs
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sayuan Liang
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C Huisman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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48
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Quiñones DR, Fernández-Mollá LM, Pacheco-Torres J, Caramés JM, Canals S, Moratal D. TherMouseDuino: An affordable Open-Source temperature control system for functional magnetic resonance imaging experimentation with mice. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 58:67-75. [PMID: 30660705 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most highly regarded techniques in the neuroimaging field. This technique is based on vascular responses to neuronal activation and is extensively used in clinical and animal research studies. In preclinical settings, fMRI is usually applied to anesthetized animals. However, anesthetics cause alterations, e.g. hypothermia, in the physiology of the animals and this has the potential to disrupt fMRI signals. The current temperature control method involves a technician, as well as monitoring the acquisition MRI sequences, also controlling the temperature of the animal; this is inefficient. METHODS In order to avoid hypothermia in anesthetized rodents an Open-Source automatic temperature control device is presented. It takes signals from an intrarectal temperature sensor, as well as signals from a thermal bath, which warms up the body of the animal under study, in order to determine the mathematical model of the thermal response of the animal. RESULTS A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) algorithm, which was discretized in an Arduino microcontroller, was developed to automatically keep stable the body temperature of the animal under study. The PID algorithm has been shown to be accurate in preserving the body temperature of the animal. CONCLUSION This work presents the TherMouseDuino. It is an Open-Source automatic temperature control system and reduces temperature fluctuations, thus providing robust conditions in which to perform fMRI experiments. Furthermore, our device frees up the technician to focus solely on monitoring the MRI sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío R Quiñones
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Fernández-Mollá
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Pacheco-Torres
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - José M Caramés
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Santiago Canals
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - David Moratal
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Han Z, Chen W, Chen X, Zhang K, Tong C, Zhang X, Li CT, Liang Z. Awake and behaving mouse fMRI during Go/No-Go task. Neuroimage 2019; 188:733-742. [PMID: 30611875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) has been widely used to examine the functional neural networks in both the evoked and resting states. However, most fMRI studies in rodents are performed under anesthesia, which greatly limits the scope of their application, and behavioral relevance. Efforts have been made to image rodents in the awake condition, either in the resting state or in response to sensory or optogenetic stimulation. However, fMRI in awake behaving rodents has not yet been achieved. In the current study, a novel fMRI paradigm for awake and behaving mice was developed, allowing functional imaging of the mouse brain in an olfaction-based go/no-go task. High resolution functional imaging with limited motion and image distortion were achieved at 9.4T with a cryogenic coil in awake and behaving mice. Distributed whole-brain spatiotemporal patterns were revealed, with drastically different activity profiles for go versus no-go trials. Therefore, we have demonstrated the feasibility of functional imaging of an olfactory behavior in awake mice. This fMRI paradigm in awake behaving mice could lead to novel insights into neural mechanisms underlying behaviors at a whole-brain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Han
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xifan Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiwei Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanjun Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyu T Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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50
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Belloy ME, Naeyaert M, Abbas A, Shah D, Vanreusel V, van Audekerke J, Keilholz SD, Keliris GA, Van der Linden A, Verhoye M. Dynamic resting state fMRI analysis in mice reveals a set of Quasi-Periodic Patterns and illustrates their relationship with the global signal. Neuroimage 2018; 180:463-484. [PMID: 29454935 PMCID: PMC6093802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved 'dynamic' over whole-period 'static' analysis of low frequency (LF) blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fluctuations provides many additional insights into the macroscale organization and dynamics of neural activity. Although there has been considerable advancement in the development of mouse resting state fMRI (rsfMRI), very little remains known about its dynamic repertoire. Here, we report for the first time the detection of a set of recurring spatiotemporal Quasi-Periodic Patterns (QPPs) in mice, which show spatial similarity with known resting state networks. Furthermore, we establish a close relationship between several of these patterns and the global signal. We acquired high temporal rsfMRI scans under conditions of low (LA) and high (HA) medetomidine-isoflurane anesthesia. We then employed the algorithm developed by Majeed et al. (2011), previously applied in rats and humans, which detects and averages recurring spatiotemporal patterns in the LF BOLD signal. One type of observed patterns in mice was highly similar to those originally observed in rats, displaying propagation from lateral to medial cortical regions, which suggestively pertain to a mouse Task-Positive like network (TPN) and Default Mode like network (DMN). Other QPPs showed more widespread or striatal involvement and were no longer detected after global signal regression (GSR). This was further supported by diminished detection of subcortical dynamics after GSR, with cortical dynamics predominating. Observed QPPs were both qualitatively and quantitatively determined to be consistent across both anesthesia conditions, with GSR producing the same outcome. Under LA, QPPs were consistently detected at both group and single subject level. Under HA, consistency and pattern occurrence rate decreased, whilst cortical contribution to the patterns diminished. These findings confirm the robustness of QPPs across species and demonstrate a new approach to study mouse LF BOLD spatiotemporal dynamics and mechanisms underlying functional connectivity. The observed impact of GSR on QPPs might help better comprehend its controversial role in conventional resting state studies. Finally, consistent detection of QPPs at single subject level under LA promises a step forward towards more reliable mouse rsfMRI and further confirms the importance of selecting an optimal anesthesia regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël E Belloy
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Maarten Naeyaert
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anzar Abbas
- Neuroscience, Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Disha Shah
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Verdi Vanreusel
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan van Audekerke
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Shella D Keilholz
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Georgios A Keliris
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annemie Van der Linden
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marleen Verhoye
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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