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Liu C, Rotaru K, Wang Z, Li K, Cui LB, Li J, Wei X, Liu X, Albertella L, Ren L. Examining network structure of impulsivity and depression in adolescents and young adults: A two-sample study. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:54-61. [PMID: 38914162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression ranks as one of the top five contributors to ill health in youth, the most formative period in life. Extensive research has highlighted the significant role of impulsivity in understanding depression. However, there has been limited exploration into how each dimension of impulsivity uniquely affect depressive symptoms, especially across crucial developmental stages like adolescence and young adulthood. METHODS This study investigates the unique relationships between impulsivity (assessed by the short UPPS-P scale) and depression (assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9) via network analysis. We analysed data from a total of 2296 participants, comprising 858 adolescents aged 14-17 years and 1438 young adults aged 18-25 years, to estimate both a combined network and age-group specific networks. Key features of the networks, including their structure, global connectivity, and bridge nodes, were compared. RESULTS The results indicated that age differentially impacts individual depression symptoms, both directly and indirectly, via impulsivity dimensions. The comparison test revealed consistent network structures between the two age groups, with several robust pathways, such as lack of perseverance to concentration difficulties, sensation seeking to suicidal ideation, and negative urgency to feelings of worthlessness. Negative urgency and lack of perseverance were identified as bridge nodes across the two networks. LIMITATIONS The study employed a cross-sectional design, which limits the ability to estimate causal or temporal relationships. CONCLUSIONS The current findings highlight the significance of tailoring intervention strategies to individual symptom profiles and assessing negative urgency and lack of perseverance as potential early targets for depression among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristian Rotaru
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Monash Business School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Long-Biao Cui
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of the People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of the People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China; Military Mental Health Services & Research Centre, Tianjin, China.
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Higa GSV, Viana FJC, Francis-Oliveira J, Cruvinel E, Franchin TS, Marcourakis T, Ulrich H, De Pasquale R. Serotonergic neuromodulation of synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110036. [PMID: 38876308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity constitutes a fundamental process in the reorganization of neural networks that underlie memory, cognition, emotional responses, and behavioral planning. At the core of this phenomenon lie Hebbian mechanisms, wherein frequent synaptic stimulation induces long-term potentiation (LTP), while less activation leads to long-term depression (LTD). The synaptic reorganization of neuronal networks is regulated by serotonin (5-HT), a neuromodulator capable of modify synaptic plasticity to appropriately respond to mental and behavioral states, such as alertness, attention, concentration, motivation, and mood. Lately, understanding the serotonergic Neuromodulation of synaptic plasticity has become imperative for unraveling its impact on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions. Through a comparative analysis across three main forebrain structures-the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, this review discusses the actions of 5-HT on synaptic plasticity, offering insights into its role as a neuromodulator involved in emotional and cognitive functions. By distinguishing between plastic and metaplastic effects, we provide a comprehensive overview about the mechanisms of 5-HT neuromodulation of synaptic plasticity and associated functions across different brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Shigueto Vilar Higa
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (USP), Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe José Costa Viana
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - José Francis-Oliveira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Emily Cruvinel
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thainá Soares Franchin
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (USP), Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto De Pasquale
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Azocar VH, Petersson P, Fuentes R, Fuentealba JA. Differential phase-amplitude coupling in nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex reflects decision-making during a delay discounting task. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111064. [PMID: 38917880 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impulsive choice is characterized by the preference for a small immediate reward over a bigger delayed one. The mechanisms underlying impulsive choices are linked to the activity in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). While the study of functional connectivity between brain areas has been key to understanding a variety of cognitive processes, it remains unclear whether functional connectivity differentiates impulsive-control decisions. METHODS To study the functional connectivity both between and within NAc, OFC, and DLS during a delay discounting task, we concurrently recorded local field potential in NAc, OFC, and DLS in rats. We then quantified the degree of phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), coherence, and Granger Causality between oscillatory activities in animals exhibiting either a high (HI) or low (LI) tendency for impulsive choices. RESULTS Our results showed a differential pattern of PAC during decision-making in OFC and NAc, but not in DLS. While theta-gamma PAC in OFC was associated with self-control decisions, a higher delta-gamma PAC in both OFC and NAc biased decisions toward impulsive choices in both HI and LI groups. Furthermore, during the reward event, Granger Causality analysis indicated a stronger NAc➔OFC gamma contribution in the HI group, while the LI group showed a higher OFC➔NAc gamma contribution. CONCLUSIONS The overactivity in NAc during reward in the HI group suggests that exacerbated contribution of NAcCore can lead to an overvaluation of reward that biases the behavior toward the impulsive choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Azocar
- School of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Petersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - R Fuentes
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J A Fuentealba
- School of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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Guo Z, Cui Y, Qiu R, Bu L, Yang T, Li Y, Zhu X. The association of impulsivity with depression and anxiety symptoms: A transdiagnostic network analysis and replication. J Affect Disord 2024; 359:100-108. [PMID: 38772504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity increases the risk for depression and anxiety. However, the granular pathways among them remain unknown. A network approach that moves from disorder-level analysis to symptom-level analysis can provide further understanding of psychopathological mechanisms. In this study, we examined the network structure of impulsivity and separate and comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety. METHODS Regularized partial-correlation networks were estimated using cross-sectional data from 1047 Chinese participants aged 18-26 years (main dataset, mean age = 21.45 ± 2.01 years) and 325 Chinese participants aged 18-36 years (an independent replication dataset, mean age = 21.49 ± 3.73 years), including impulsivity-depression, impulsivity-anxiety, and impulsivity-depression-anxiety networks. The datasets were collected from 1 June 2023 to 4 August 2023 and from 27 April 2022 to 16 May 2022, respectively. Impulsivity, depression, and anxiety were assessed using Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. Bridge centrality was analyzed, and a network comparison test (NCT) was conducted to investigate the differences between the main dataset and replication dataset. RESULTS The motor impulsivity dimension was revealed to be closely connected with individual symptoms of depression and anxiety regardless of whether they were in separate disorder forms or comorbid forms. In all the networks, motor impulsivity was the most important bridge node. The NCT showed comparable network connectivity and network structure between the main and replication datasets. LIMITATIONS The use of cross-sectional data limited the inferences about the direction of causality between variables. CONCLUSIONS These findings elucidate the psychopathological mechanisms underlying how impulsivity functions within depression, anxiety, and comorbidity and support that motor impulsivity is an important risk factor across different mental disorders and is responsible for comorbidity. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Guo
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Qiu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingbo Bu
- Teaching Evaluation Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianqi Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Yates JR. Aberrant glutamatergic systems underlying impulsive behaviors: Insights from clinical and preclinical research. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 135:111107. [PMID: 39098647 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a broad construct that often refers to one of several distinct behaviors and can be measured with self-report questionnaires and behavioral paradigms. Several psychiatric conditions are characterized by one or more forms of impulsive behavior, most notably the impulsive/hyperactive subtype of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood disorders, and substance use disorders. Monoaminergic neurotransmitters are known to mediate impulsive behaviors and are implicated in various psychiatric conditions. However, growing evidence suggests that glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the mammalian brain, regulates important functions that become dysregulated in conditions like ADHD. The purpose of the current review is to discuss clinical and preclinical evidence linking glutamate to separate aspects of impulsivity, specifically motor impulsivity, impulsive choice, and affective impulsivity. Hyperactive glutamatergic activity in the corticostriatal and the cerebro-cerebellar pathways are major determinants of motor impulsivity. Conversely, hypoactive glutamatergic activity in frontal cortical areas and hippocampus and hyperactive glutamatergic activity in anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens mediate impulsive choice. Affective impulsivity is controlled by similar glutamatergic dysfunction observed for motor impulsivity, except a hyperactive limbic system is also involved. Loss of glutamate homeostasis in prefrontal and nucleus accumbens may contribute to motor impulsivity/affective impulsivity and impulsive choice, respectively. These results are important as they can lead to novel treatments for those with a condition characterized by increased impulsivity that are resistant to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Yates
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA.
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Cekic S, Bediou B, Achab S, Rich M, Green CS, Bavelier D. Going beyond video game consumption when considering Internet Gaming Disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 133:152500. [PMID: 38761770 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognizing the crucial importance of understanding the impact of video games on health in today's gaming-dominated world, our study aimed to investigate the relationship between gaming time and Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). Despite the widespread assumption that a connection exists between both, previous studies have revealed highly variable associations, highlighting significant weaknesses in establishing a robust link. METHODS To unravel this complex relationship, we recruited two independent samples of League of Legends players. We combined the collection of self-reported and actual gameplay data, together with assessments of mental health, personality traits, and cognitive abilities. RESULTS Surprisingly, none of the gaming variables demonstrated a robust and stable association with IGD, regardless of whether players spent less than or more than 30 hours per week gaming-a threshold suggested by the American Psychiatric Association as a potential indicator of disordered gaming. Notably, mental health factors, such as anxiety, depression and ADHD, emerged as the most influential predictors of IGD. CONCLUSION These findings, replicated across two independent samples, challenge the prevailing belief that limiting screen time alone effectively combats IGD. Instead, mental health factors play a crucial role in mitigating risks associated with gaming. Policies focusing solely on restricting screen time are insufficient in reducing the prevalence or symptoms of IGD. Rather, a comprehensive approach that considers mental health and key personality traits must be adopted to safeguard the well-being of individuals engaged in gaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezen Cekic
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Bediou
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Achab
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Rich
- Digital Wellness Lab, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, USA; Clinic for Interactive Media and Internet Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, USA
| | - C Shawn Green
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-, Madison, USA
| | - Daphné Bavelier
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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Conn K, Huang K, Gorrell S, Foldi CJ. A transdiagnostic and translational framework for delineating the neuronal mechanisms of compulsive exercise in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:1406-1417. [PMID: 38174745 PMCID: PMC11222308 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of novel treatments for anorexia nervosa (AN) requires a detailed understanding of the biological underpinnings of specific, commonly occurring symptoms, including compulsive exercise. There is considerable bio-behavioral overlap between AN and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), therefore it is plausible that similar mechanisms underlie compulsive behavior in both populations. While the association between these conditions is widely acknowledged, defining the shared mechanisms for compulsive behavior in AN and OCD requires a novel approach. METHODS We present an argument that a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms that underpin compulsive exercise in AN can be achieved in two critical ways. First, by applying a framework of the neuronal control of OCD to exercise behavior in AN, and second, by taking better advantage of the activity-based anorexia (ABA) rodent model to directly test this framework in the context of feeding pathology. RESULTS A cross-disciplinary approach that spans preclinical, neuroimaging, and clinical research as well as compulsive neurocircuitry and behavior can advance our understanding of when, why, and how compulsive exercise develops in the context of AN and provide targets for novel treatment strategies. DISCUSSION In this article, we (i) link the expression of compulsive behavior in AN and OCD via a transition between goal-directed and habitual behavior, (ii) present disrupted cortico-striatal circuitry as a key substrate for the development of compulsive behavior in both conditions, and (iii) highlight the utility of the ABA rodent model to better understand the mechanisms of compulsive behavior relevant to AN. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Individuals with AN who exercise compulsively are at risk of worse health outcomes and have poorer responses to standard treatments. However, when, why, and how compulsive exercise develops in AN remains inadequately understood. Identifying whether the neural circuitry underlying compulsive behavior in OCD also controls hyperactivity in the activity-based anorexia model will aid in the development of novel eating disorder treatment strategies for this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Conn
- Monash University, Department of Physiology, 26 Innovation Walk, 3800, Clayton, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, 23 Innovation Walk, 3800, Clayton, Australia
| | - K Huang
- Monash University, Department of Physiology, 26 Innovation Walk, 3800, Clayton, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, 23 Innovation Walk, 3800, Clayton, Australia
| | - S Gorrell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 18th street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - CJ Foldi
- Monash University, Department of Physiology, 26 Innovation Walk, 3800, Clayton, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, 23 Innovation Walk, 3800, Clayton, Australia
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Fantin EH, Benzano D, Ornell F, Ruwel AG, von Diemen L, Kessler FHP, Schuch JB. Implications of Impulsivity on Criminal Behavior in Individuals With Substance Use Disorder. J Dual Diagn 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38935384 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2024.2370411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to analyze the association between criminal behavior and impulsivity in individuals with drug addiction and investigate whether impulsiveness mediates the relationship between drug use severity and legal problems. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 773 men diagnosed with addiction (295 alcohol users and 478 users of crack/polysubstance) while undergoing addiction treatment. The BIS-11 and ASI-6 were applied to assess impulsivity, criminal behavior, and drug use. RESULTS The prevalence of criminal behavior was 41.7% (n = 123) in alcohol users and 64.9% (n = 310) in users of crack/polysubstance. Earlier use of different substances and higher impulsivity scores were observed in individuals with criminal history. Mediation analyses revealed that impulsiveness acts as a mediator factor between substance use and criminal behavior, enhancing the severity of legal problems. CONCLUSION Our findings can help in deciding on tailored treatment strategies, focusing not only on substance use, but also on the prevention of social problems, criminality, and impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Hernández Fantin
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela Benzano
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ornell
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Goldman Ruwel
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisia von Diemen
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felix Henrique Paim Kessler
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Bohrer Schuch
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Hendriks M, Vinke S, Berlot R, Benedičič M, Jahansahi M, Trošt M, Georgiev D. In Parkinson's disease dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus increase motor, but not reflection and cognitive impulsivity. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1378614. [PMID: 39035780 PMCID: PMC11258995 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1378614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease is associated with increased impulsivity, which can be divided into several domains: motor (consisting of proactive and reactive subdomains), reflection, and cognitive impulsivity. Evidence suggests that both dopaminergic medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation can affect impulsivity. Therefore, we set out to investigate the effects of dopaminergic medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on motor, reflection, and cognitive impulsivity in Parkinson's disease patients. Methods Twenty Parkinson's disease patients who underwent subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation were tested ON and OFF dopaminergic medication and ON and OFF subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. They performed three different impulsivity tasks: the AX continuous performance task (AX-CPT) to test for motor impulsivity, the Beads task for reflection impulsivity, and the Delay discounting task for cognitive impulsivity. Results The combination of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation and dopaminergic medication led to an increase in motor impulsivity (p = 0.036), both proactive (p = 0.045) and reactive (p = 0.006). There was no effect of either dopaminergic medication or subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on reflection and cognitive impulsivity. Conclusion The combination of dopaminergic medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation leads to increased motor, but not cognitive or reflection, impulsivity in patients with Parkinson's disease. Both proactive and reactive motor impulsivity were impaired by the combination of dopaminergic medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Hendriks
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Saman Vinke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rok Berlot
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Benedičič
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Jahansahi
- Department Clinical and Motor Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maja Trošt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dejan Georgiev
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Norton B, Sheen J, Burns L, Enticott PG, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Kirkovski M. Overlap of eating disorders and neurodivergence: the role of inhibitory control. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:454. [PMID: 38890597 PMCID: PMC11186180 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficulties with inhibitory control have been identified in eating disorders (EDs) and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs; including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder), and there appear to be parallels between the expression of these impairments. It is theorised that impairments in inhibitory control within NDs may represent a unique vulnerability for eating disorders (EDs), and this same mechanism may contribute to poorer treatment outcomes. This review seeks to determine the state of the literature concerning the role of inhibitory control in the overlap of EDs and neurodivergence. METHOD A scoping review was conducted to summarise extant research, and to identify gaps in the existing knowledge base. Scopus, Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, and ProQuest were systematically searched. Studies were included if the study measured traits of ADHD or autism, and symptoms of ED, and required participants to complete a performance task measure of inhibitory control. Where studies included a cohort with both an ND and ED, these results had to be reported separately from cohorts with a singular diagnosis. Studies were required to be published in English, within the last 10 years. RESULTS No studies explored the relationship between autism and EDs using behavioural measures of inhibitory control. Four studies exploring the relationship between ADHD and EDs using behavioural measures of inhibitory control met selection criteria. These studies showed a multifaceted relationship between these conditions, with differences emerging between domains of inhibitory control. ADHD symptoms predicted poorer performance on measures of response inhibition in a non-clinical sample; this was not replicated in clinical samples, nor was there a significant association with EDs. Both ADHD and ED symptoms are associated with poor performance on attentional control measures; where these diagnoses were combined, performance was worse than for those with a singular diagnosis of ADHD. This was not replicated when compared to those with only ED diagnoses. CONCLUSION Impairments in attentional control may represent a unique vulnerability for the development of an ED and contribute to poor treatment outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the role of inhibitory control in EDs, ADHD and autism, including the use of both self-report and behavioural measures to capture the domains of inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Norton
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Jade Sheen
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lewis Burns
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | | | - Melissa Kirkovski
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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McNally GP, Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel P. A Cognitive Pathway to Persistent, Maladaptive Choice. Eur Addict Res 2024; 30:233-242. [PMID: 38865985 DOI: 10.1159/000538103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correctly recognising that alcohol or other substances are causing problems is a necessary condition for those problems to spur beneficial behaviour change. Yet such recognition is neither immediate nor straightforward. Recognition that one's alcohol or drug use is causing negative consequences often occurs gradually. Contemporary addiction neuroscience has yet to make progress in understanding and addressing these recognition barriers, despite evidence that a lack of problem recognition is a primary impediment to seeking treatment. SUMMARY Based on our recent empirical work, this article shows how recognition barriers can emerge from dual constraints on how we learn about the negative consequences of our actions. One constraint is imposed by the characteristics of negative consequences themselves. A second constraint is imposed by the characteristics of human cognition and information processing. In some people, the joint action of these constraints causes a lack of correct awareness of the consequences of their behaviour and reduced willingness to update that knowledge and behaviour when confronted with counterevidence. KEY MESSAGES This "cognitive pathway" can drive persistent, maladaptive choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavan P McNally
- School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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12
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Wang J, Gu R, Kong X, Luan S, Luo YLL. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses of impulsivity: A systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110986. [PMID: 38430953 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Impulsivity is related to a host of mental and behavioral problems. It is a complex construct with many different manifestations, most of which are heritable. The genetic compositions of these impulsivity manifestations, however, remain unclear. A number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses have tried to address this issue. We conducted a systematic review of all GWAS and post-GWAS analyses of impulsivity published up to December 2023. Available data suggest that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in more than a dozen of genes (e.g., CADM2, CTNNA2, GPM6B) are associated with different measures of impulsivity at genome-wide significant levels. Post-GWAS analyses further show that different measures of impulsivity are subject to different degrees of genetic influence, share few genetic variants, and have divergent genetic overlap with basic personality traits such as extroversion and neuroticism, cognitive ability, psychiatric disorders, substance use, and obesity. These findings shed light on controversies in the conceptualization and measurement of impulsivity, while providing new insights on the underlying mechanisms that yoke impulsivity to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Psychiatry of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchundong Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Shenghua Luan
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu L L Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China.
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13
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Singleton SP, Velidi P, Schilling L, Luppi AI, Jamison K, Parkes L, Kuceyeski A. Altered Structural Connectivity and Functional Brain Dynamics in Individuals With Heavy Alcohol Use Elucidated via Network Control Theory. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00139-3. [PMID: 38839036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol use and its associated conditions, such as alcohol use disorder, impact millions of individuals worldwide. While our understanding of the neurobiological correlates of alcohol use has evolved substantially, we still lack models that incorporate whole-brain neuroanatomical, functional, and pharmacological information under one framework. METHODS Here, we utilized diffusion and functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate alterations to brain dynamics in 130 individuals with a high amount of current alcohol use. We compared these alcohol-using individuals to 308 individuals with minimal use of any substances. RESULTS We found that individuals with heavy alcohol use had less dynamic and complex brain activity, and through leveraging network control theory, had increased control energy to complete transitions between activation states. Furthermore, using separately acquired positron emission tomography data, we deployed an in silico evaluation demonstrating that decreased D2 receptor levels, as found previously in individuals with alcohol use disorder, may relate to our observed findings. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that whole-brain, multimodal imaging information can be combined under a network control framework to identify and evaluate neurobiological correlates and mechanisms of heavy alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parker Singleton
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York University, New York, New York.
| | - Puneet Velidi
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Louisa Schilling
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Andrea I Luppi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Keith Jamison
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Linden Parkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
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Overmeyer R, Endrass T. Disentangling associations between impulsivity, compulsivity, and performance monitoring. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14539. [PMID: 38332720 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Disorders marked by high levels of impulsivity and compulsivity have been linked to changes in performance monitoring, specifically the error-related negativity (ERN). We investigated the relationship between performance monitoring and individual differences in impulsivity and compulsivity. A total of 142 participants were recruited into four groups, each with different combinations of impulsivity and compulsivity, and they performed a flanker task to assess error-related brain activity. We defined error-related brain activity as ERN amplitude and theta power. Single-trial regression was employed to analyze the amplitude differences between incorrect and correct trials within the ERN time window. The findings revealed that impulsivity, compulsivity, and different measures of response processing exhibited distinct interactions, which were influenced by the configuration of impulsivity and compulsivity, but also depended on the measure of response processing. Specifically, high compulsivity predicted larger ERN amplitudes in individuals with low impulsivity, whereas high impulsivity had no significant effect on ERN amplitude in individuals with low compulsivity. Furthermore, when both impulsivity and compulsivity were high, no significant increase in ERN amplitude was observed; instead, there was a reduced difference between incorrect and correct trials. No significant differences were found for theta power. While the association between error-related brain activity and transdiagnostic markers or psychopathology may be smaller than generally assumed, considering the interaction between different transdiagnostic markers and their facets can enhance our understanding of the complex associations that arise during the investigation of neural correlates of performance monitoring, specifically the ERN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Overmeyer
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tanja Endrass
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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15
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Guo Y, Gan J, Li Y. The effect of impulsive personality traits on prospective memory under different task importance conditions. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:318. [PMID: 38816781 PMCID: PMC11141011 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to perform planned activities in the appropriate future situations. It needs to be planned in advance and processed through multiple stages such as encoding, retention, retrieval, and execution, which usually require more attention resources. Impulsivity trait individuals are usually characterized by lack of consideration, premature expression, excessive risk-taking and easy to make inappropriate reaction, so they are more likely to show disadvantages in PM. Nevertheless, increasing the importance of PM tasks can promote more adequate and effective cue encoding, and encourage individuals to devote attention to PM tasks, which may change the disadvantage of impulsivity individuals in PM performance. METHODS In this study, the between-subjects design of 2 (trait type: high-impulsivity trait, low-impulsivity trait) ×2 (task importance: important, unimportant) was adopted in the experiment, the 2-back task was used for the ongoing task, and the focal cues were used for the PM task cues. RESULTS The results showed that the PM accuracy of high-impulsivity trait individuals was lower than that of low-impulsivity trait individuals under the task unimportant condition, but there was no difference between the two traits groups under the task important condition. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that high-impulsivity trait individuals had a deficit in PM performance, but emphasizing the importance of PM tasks can compensate for their disadvantage in PM performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Guo
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiaqun Gan
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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16
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Balada F, Aluja A, García O, Aymamí N, García LF. Prefrontal activity during IOWA Gambling Task in young adult women. Behav Brain Res 2024; 466:114957. [PMID: 38490266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationships between personality traits of impulsivity, using the UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scales shortened version, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during the IOWA Gambling Task (IGT) in young adult women. The study included a sample of 83 young, healthy females (19.8 ± 1.4 years), who voluntarily took part in the study. Repeated measures analysis during the IGT revealed a significant increase in HbO (all p <.001; ηp2 >.31) and a decrease in Hbr (all p <.003; ηp2 >.08) in all prefrontal quadrants. This increase in oxygenation occurs primarily during the choice period under ambiguity (r =.23; p =.039). Additionally, there was a significant linear decrease in selecting the decks associated with a high frequency of losses (p <.001), while the favorable deck with low losses showed a linear increase (F = 12.96; p <.001). Notably, discrepancies were found between UPPS-P and IGT impulsivity ratings. The Lack of Perseverance and Lack of Premeditation scales from the UPPS-P were identified as significant predictors of HbO levels, mainly in the two quadrants of the left hemisphere's, lateral (adjusted R2 =.23; p <.001; f2 =.34) and rostral (adjusted R2 =.13; p <.002; f2 =.17). These findings suggest that young adult women predominantly adopt a punishment-avoidance strategy during IGT, exhibiting increased activation in the left hemisphere, especially during the task's initial phase characterized by ambiguity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Balada
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research, Dr. Pifarré Foundation, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anton Aluja
- Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research, Dr. Pifarré Foundation, Catalonia, Spain; University of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Oscar García
- Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research, Dr. Pifarré Foundation, Catalonia, Spain; European University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Aymamí
- Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research, Dr. Pifarré Foundation, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions Service, Santa Maria Hospital of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luis F García
- Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research, Dr. Pifarré Foundation, Catalonia, Spain; Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
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17
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Martinelli MK, Schreyer CC, Vanzhula IA, Guarda AS. Impulsivity and reward and punishment sensitivity among patients admitted to a specialized inpatient eating disorder treatment program. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1325252. [PMID: 38832324 PMCID: PMC11145411 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1325252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Eating disorders (EDs) are conceptualized as disorders of under- and over-control, with impulsivity reflecting under-control. Extant research indicates that impulsivity and related factors such as reward sensitivity and punishment sensitivity may serve as trait-level transdiagnostic risk and/or maintenance factors in EDs. Findings on impulsivity and reward and punishment sensitivity by diagnosis are mixed and research on the relationship between these factors and ED symptoms, hospital course, and treatment outcomes is limited. Methods Participants (N = 228) were patients admitted to a specialized inpatient behavioral treatment program for EDs who agreed to participate in a longitudinal study and completed self-report measures of impulsivity, reward sensitivity, and punishment sensitivity at admission. Weight and ED symptomatology were measured at admission and discharge. Hospital course variables included length of stay and premature treatment dropout. Results Impulsivity was lower in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) restricting type compared to those with AN binge/purge type or bulimia nervosa; no other group differences were observed. Higher impulsivity was associated with greater bulimic symptoms on the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI-2) at admission. Impulsivity was not related to ED symptoms, weight outcomes, length of hospital stay, or treatment dropout at program discharge. Conclusion Impulsivity may help distinguish restrictive versus binge/purge EDs, but does not necessarily relate to discharge outcomes in an intensive inpatient ED program. Findings from this study provide novel contributions to the literature on personality traits in EDs and have important clinical implications. Results suggest that patients with higher levels of impulsivity or reward and punishment sensitivity can be expected to respond to inpatient treatment. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Martinelli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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18
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Domi A, Cadeddu D, Lucente E, Gobbo F, Edvardsson C, Petrella M, Jerlhag E, Ericson M, Söderpalm B, Adermark L. Pre- and postsynaptic signatures in the prelimbic cortex associated with "alcohol use disorder" in the rat. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01887-2. [PMID: 38755284 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The transition to alcohol use disorder (AUD) involves persistent neuroadaptations in executive control functions primarily regulated by the medial prefrontal cortex. However, the neurophysiological correlates to behavioral manifestations of AUD are not fully defined. The association between cortical neuroadaptations and behavioral manifestations of addiction was studied using a multi-symptomatic operant model based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for AUD. This model aimed to characterize an AUD-vulnerable and AUD-resistant subpopulation of outbred male Wistar rats and was combined with electrophysiological measurements in the prelimbic cortex (PL). Mirroring clinical observations, rats exhibited individual variability in their vulnerability to develop AUD-like behavior, including motivation to seek for alcohol (crit 1), increased effort to obtain the substance (crit 2), and continued drinking despite negative consequences (crit 3). Only a small subset of rats met all the aforementioned AUD criteria (3 crit, AUD-vulnerable), while a larger fraction was considered AUD-resilient (0 crit). The development of AUD-like behavior was characterized by disruptions in glutamatergic synaptic activity, involving decreased frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and heightened intrinsic excitability in layers 2/3 PL pyramidal neurons. These alterations were concomitant with a significant impairment in the ability of mGlu2/3 receptors to negatively regulate glutamate release in the PL but not in downstream regions like the basolateral amygdala or nucleus accumbens core. In conclusion alterations in PL synaptic activity were strongly associated with individual addiction scores, indicating their role as potential markers of the behavioral manifestations linked to AUD psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Domi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden.
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden.
| | - Davide Cadeddu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden
| | - Erika Lucente
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden
| | - Francesco Gobbo
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Christian Edvardsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden
| | - Michele Petrella
- Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden
| | - Mia Ericson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
- The Clinic for Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Adermark
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
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Spencer H, Anderton RS. Trait Impulsivity as a Feature of Parkinson's Disease Treatment and Progression. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 2024:8770997. [PMID: 38766569 PMCID: PMC11102119 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8770997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Heightened trait impulsivity in both subclinical and pathological senses is becoming increasingly recognised in Parkinson's disease (PD). Impulsive behaviours and impulse control disorders (ICDs) are a consequence of perturbation to the rewards pathway leading individuals to conduct activities in a repetitive, excessive, and maladaptive fashion. Commonly linked to PD, heightened trait impulsivity has been found to primarily manifest in the forms of hypersexuality, pathological gambling, compulsive shopping, and binge eating, all of which may significantly impact social and financial standing. Subsequent burden to quality of life for both individuals with PD and caregivers are common. Although risk factors and indicators for ICDs in PD are currently lacking, it is recognised that the condition is often precipitated by dopamine replacement therapies, primarily dopamine agonist administration. While this nonmotor symptom is being increasingly diagnosed in PD populations, it remains relatively elusive in comparison to its motor counterparts. Through discussion of impulsivity characteristics, neuroanatomy, and neurochemistry, in addition to reviewing existing research on the potential contributing factors to impulsivity in PD, this review highlights impulsivity as a significant and detrimental PD symptom. Thus, emphasising the imperative need to establish efficacious diagnostic tools and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Spencer
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Ryan S. Anderton
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
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20
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Liu C, Rotaru K, Ren L, Chamberlain SR, Christensen E, Brierley ME, Richardson K, Lee RSC, Segrave R, Grant JE, Kayayan E, Hughes S, Fontenelle LF, Lowe A, Suo C, Freichel R, Wiers RW, Yücel M, Albertella L. Examining the unique relationships between problematic use of the internet and impulsive and compulsive tendencies: network approach. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e104. [PMID: 38721785 PMCID: PMC11094446 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2024.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both impulsivity and compulsivity have been identified as risk factors for problematic use of the internet (PUI). Yet little is known about the relationship between impulsivity, compulsivity and individual PUI symptoms, limiting a more precise understanding of mechanisms underlying PUI. AIMS The current study is the first to use network analysis to (a) examine the unique association among impulsivity, compulsivity and PUI symptoms, and (b) identify the most influential drivers in relation to the PUI symptom community. METHOD We estimated a Gaussian graphical model consisting of five facets of impulsivity, compulsivity and individual PUI symptoms among 370 Australian adults (51.1% female, mean age = 29.8, s.d. = 11.1). Network structure and bridge expected influence were examined to elucidate differential associations among impulsivity, compulsivity and PUI symptoms, as well as identify influential nodes bridging impulsivity, compulsivity and PUI symptoms. RESULTS Results revealed that four facets of impulsivity (i.e. negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation and lack of perseverance) and compulsivity were related to different PUI symptoms. Further, compulsivity and negative urgency were the most influential nodes in relation to the PUI symptom community due to their highest bridge expected influence. CONCLUSIONS The current findings delineate distinct relationships across impulsivity, compulsivity and PUI, which offer insights into potential mechanistic pathways and targets for future interventions in this space. To realise this potential, future studies are needed to replicate the identified network structure in different populations and determine the directionality of the relationships among impulsivity, compulsivity and PUI symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Kristian Rotaru
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia; and Monash Business School, Monash University, Australia
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Medical Psychology Section, Logistics University of the People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China; and China and Military Mental Health Services and Research Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - Samuel R. Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southampton, UK; and Southern Gambling Clinic and Specialist Clinic for Impulsive/Compulsive Disorders, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Erynn Christensen
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Mary-Ellen Brierley
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia; and Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karyn Richardson
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Rico S. C. Lee
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Segrave
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Jon E. Grant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Edouard Kayayan
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Sam Hughes
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Leonardo F. Fontenelle
- Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amelia Lowe
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - René Freichel
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinout W. Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, and Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
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21
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Koloski MF, Terry A, Lee N, Ramanathan DS. Methylphenidate, but not citalopram, decreases impulsive choice in rats performing a temporal discounting task. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1385502. [PMID: 38779546 PMCID: PMC11109432 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1385502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Drugs targeting monoamine systems remain the most common treatment for disorders with impulse control impairments. There is a body of literature suggesting that drugs affecting serotonin reuptake and dopamine reuptake can modulate distinct aspects of impulsivity - though such tests are often performed using distinct behavioral tasks prohibiting easy comparisons. Methods Here, we directly compare pharmacologic agents that affect dopamine (methylphenidate) vs serotonin (citalopram) manipulations on choice impulsivity in a temporal discounting task where rats could choose between a small, immediate reward or a large reward delayed at either 2 or 10s. In control conditions, rats preferred the large reward at a small (2s) delay and discounted the large reward at a long (10s) delay. Results Methylphenidate, a dopamine transport inhibitor that blocks reuptake of dopamine, dose-dependently increased large reward preference in the long delay (10s) block. Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, had no effect on temporal discounting behavior. Impulsive behavior on the temporal discounting task was at least partially mediated by the nucleus accumbens shell. Bilateral lesions to the nucleus accumbens shell reduced choice impulsivity during the long delay (10s) block. Following lesions, methylphenidate did not impact impulsivity. Discussion Our results suggest that striatal dopaminergic systems modulate choice impulsivity via actions within the nucleus accumbens shell, whereas serotonin systems may regulate different aspects of behavioral inhibition/impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda F. Koloski
- Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Alyssa Terry
- Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Noelle Lee
- Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dhakshin S. Ramanathan
- Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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22
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Fornaro S, Menardi A, Vallesi A. Topological features of functional brain networks and subclinical impulsivity: an investigation in younger and older adults. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:865-877. [PMID: 38446245 PMCID: PMC11003924 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Impulsive traits (i.e., the tendency to act without forethought regardless of negative outcomes) are frequently found in healthy populations. When exposed to risk factors, individuals may develop debilitating disorders of impulse control (addiction, substance abuse, gambling) characterized by behavioral and cognitive deficits, eventually leading to huge socioeconomic costs. With the far-reaching aim of preventing the onset of impulsive disorders, it is relevant to investigate the topological organization of functional brain networks associated with impulsivity in sub-clinical populations. Taking advantage of the open-source LEMON dataset, we investigated the topological features of resting-state functional brain networks associated with impulsivity in younger (n = 146, age: 20-35) and older (n = 61, age: 59-77) individuals, using a graph-theoretical approach. Specifically, we computed indices of segregation and integration at the level of specific circuits and nodes known to be involved in impulsivity (frontal, limbic, and striatal networks). In younger individuals, results revealed that impulsivity was associated with a more widespread, less clustered and less efficient functional organization, at all levels of analyses and in all selected networks. Conversely, impulsivity in older individuals was associated with reduced integration and increased segregation of striatal regions. Speculatively, such alterations of functional brain networks might underlie behavioral and cognitive abnormalities associated with impulsivity, a working hypothesis worth being tested in future research. Lastly, differences between younger and older individuals might reflect the implementation of age-specific adaptive strategies, possibly accounting for observed differences in behavioral manifestations. Potential interpretations, limitations and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fornaro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Arianna Menardi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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23
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Gan C, Zhang H, Sun H, Cao X, Wang L, Zhang K, Yuan Y. Aberrant brain topological organization and granger causality connectivity in Parkinson's disease with impulse control disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1364402. [PMID: 38725535 PMCID: PMC11079187 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1364402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Impulse control disorders (ICDs) refer to the common neuropsychiatric complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). The white matter (WM) topological organization and its impact on brain networks remain to be established. Methods A total of 17 PD patients with ICD (PD-ICD), 17 without ICD (PD-NICD), and 18 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Graph theoretic analyses and Granger causality analyses were combined to investigate WM topological organization and the directional connection patterns of key regions. Results Compared to PD-NICD, ICD patients showed abnormal global properties, including decreased shortest path length (Lp) and increased global efficiency (Eg). Locally, the ICD group manifested abnormal nodal topological parameters predominantly in the left middle cingulate gyrus (MCG) and left superior cerebellum. Decreased directional connectivity from the left MCG to the right medial superior frontal gyrus was observed in the PD-ICD group. ICD severity was significantly correlated with Lp and Eg. Discussion Our findings reflected that ICD patients had excessively optimized WM topological organization, abnormally strengthened nodal structure connections within the reward network, and aberrant causal connectivity in specific cortical- limbic circuits. We hypothesized that the aberrant reward and motor inhibition circuit could play a crucial role in the emergence of ICDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiting Gan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyue Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongsheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Cowan RL, Davis T, Kundu B, Rahimpour S, Rolston JD, Smith EH. More widespread and rigid neuronal representation of reward expectation underlies impulsive choices. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.11.588637. [PMID: 38645037 PMCID: PMC11030340 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.11.588637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Impulsive choices prioritize smaller, more immediate rewards over larger, delayed, or potentially uncertain rewards. Impulsive choices are a critical aspect of substance use disorders and maladaptive decision-making across the lifespan. Here, we sought to understand the neuronal underpinnings of expected reward and risk estimation on a trial-by-trial basis during impulsive choices. To do so, we acquired electrical recordings from the human brain while participants carried out a risky decision-making task designed to measure choice impulsivity. Behaviorally, we found a reward-accuracy tradeoff, whereby more impulsive choosers were more accurate at the task, opting for a more immediate reward while compromising overall task performance. We then examined how neuronal populations across frontal, temporal, and limbic brain regions parametrically encoded reinforcement learning model variables, namely reward and risk expectation and surprise, across trials. We found more widespread representations of reward value expectation and prediction error in more impulsive choosers, whereas less impulsive choosers preferentially represented risk expectation. A regional analysis of reward and risk encoding highlighted the anterior cingulate cortex for value expectation, the anterior insula for risk expectation and surprise, and distinct regional encoding between impulsivity groups. Beyond describing trial-by-trial population neuronal representations of reward and risk variables, these results suggest impaired inhibitory control and model-free learning underpinnings of impulsive choice. These findings shed light on neural processes underlying reinforced learning and decision-making in uncertain environments and how these processes may function in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon L Cowan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Tyler Davis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Bornali Kundu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Shervin Rahimpour
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - John D Rolston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elliot H Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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25
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Öğüt Ç, Öğüt ND. No association between isotretinoin and impulsivity in patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:484-490. [PMID: 38140757 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris (AV) is one of the common dermatologic diseases that usually affects people during adolescence. Reports have shown that isotretinoin, the first-line therapy option for moderate-to-severe AV, could lead to mood disturbances and suicidality. Impulsivity is the tendency to act prematurely without foresight and is a significant risk factor for suicidality. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that isotretinoin would lead to an increase in impulsivity. METHODS Seventeen patients with AV were enrolled. The study was planned as a naturalistic 3-month follow-up study. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Go/No-go Task (GNG), and Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) were administered before and after the isotretinoin treatment. RESULTS We found a significant improvement in the severity of anxiety (P = 0.015; t = 2.72) and depression symptoms (P = 0.08; t = 3.04) in AV patients at the end of 3 months. Self-report impulsivity characteristics with BIS stayed unchanged (P = 0.434; t = 0.80). Besides, no statistically significant difference was found in behavioral task results associated with response inhibition with GNG (P = 0.52; t = 0.65) and impulsive decision-making with BART (P = 0.842; t = -0.20). However, there was a significant decrease in omission errors, with GNG suggesting improvement in attention domain (P = 0.020; W = 90.0) after the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS It has been demonstrated that isotretinoin treatment improves the severity of depression, anxiety symptoms, and attention performance in AV patients. However, there was no significant change in patients' impulsivity severity based on self-reports and behavioral performances based on GNG and BART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağrı Öğüt
- Department of Psychiatry, Uşak University Faculty of Medicine, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Neslihan D Öğüt
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Uşak University Faculty of Medicine, Uşak, Turkey
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26
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Crisp ZC, Grant JE. Impulsivity across psychiatric disorders in young adults. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 130:152449. [PMID: 38184857 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Impulsivity is a common cognitive issue across several psychiatric illnesses but is most frequently associated with the DSM-5 Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders, ADHD, and addictive disorders. We hypothesized that a wide range of psychiatric disorders would be associated with elevated impulsivity, not just those commonly linked to impulsiveness. This study aimed to explore the relationship between impulsivity and various psychiatric disorders in young adults. PROCEDURES 700 non-treatment seeking participants (aged 18-29 years) were enrolled from the general community, provided demographic information, and underwent a psychiatric evaluation to screen for various psychiatric disorders. Each participant then completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), a self-report measure of impulsivity, followed by the Stop Signal Task (SST), a computerized stop-attention task that measures impulse control. Impulsivity levels across psychiatric disorders were examined by analyzing z-scores relative to controls. MAIN FINDINGS Patients with bulimia nervosa, comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia, and borderline personality disorder showed the highest levels of attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsivity, respectively. The effect size of the difference in total BIS impulsivity was large (d > 0.8) for several conditions including eating, personality, addictive, and mood disorders. The effect size of the difference in impulsivity was not large for any of the measures of ADHD. As compared to other psychiatric disorders analyzed, trichotillomania showed the greatest levels of impulsivity as measured by SST. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS This data indicates that a wide range of psychiatric disorders exhibit heightened impulsivity with findings differing across various cognitive domains. Comorbidity resulted in unique findings of elevated impulsivity. This may suggest utility in viewing impulsivity as a transdiagnostic factor for a broad range of psychiatric disorders. Future studies should analyze comorbidities and whether patient psychiatric medication impacts these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zharia C Crisp
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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27
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Moran KM, Delville Y. A hamster model for stress-induced weight gain. Horm Behav 2024; 160:105488. [PMID: 38306877 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
This review addresses the translational relevance of animal models of stress and their effects on body weight. In humans, stress, whether chronic or acute, has often been associated with increased food intake and weight gain. In view of the current obesity epidemic, this phenomenon is especially relevant. Such observations contrast with reports with commonly used laboratory animals, especially rats and mice. In these species, it is common to find individuals gaining less weight under stress, even with potent social stressors. However, there are laboratory species that present increased appetite and weight gain under stress, such as golden hamsters. Furthermore, these animals also include metabolic and behavioral similarities with humans, including hoarding behavior which is also enhanced under stress. Consequently, we propose that our comparative perspective provides useful insights for future research on the development of obesity in humans as a consequence of chronic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Moran
- Psychology Department, The University of Texas at Austin, USA.
| | - Yvon Delville
- Psychology Department, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
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28
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Martinez CA, Pantazopoulos H, Gisabella B, Stephens ET, Garteiser J, Del Arco A. Choice impulsivity after repeated social stress is associated with increased perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7093. [PMID: 38528075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Repeated stress can predispose to substance abuse. However, behavioral and neurobiological adaptations that link stress to substance abuse remain unclear. This study investigates whether intermittent social defeat (ISD), a stress protocol that promotes drug-seeking behavior, alters intertemporal decision-making and cortical inhibitory function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Male long evans rats were trained in a delay discounting task (DDT) where rats make a choice between a fast (1 s) small reward (1 sugar pellet) and a large reward (3 sugar pellets) that comes with a time delay (10 s or 20 s). A decreased preference for delayed rewards was used as an index of choice impulsivity. Rats were exposed to ISD and tested in the DDT 24 h after each stress episode, and one- and two-weeks after the last stress episode. Immunohistochemistry was performed in rat's brains to evaluate perineuronal nets (PNNs) and parvalbumin GABA interneurons (PV) labeling as markers of inhibitory function in mPFC. ISD significantly decreased the preference for delayed large rewards in low impulsive, but not high impulsive, animals. ISD also increased the density of PNNs in the mPFC. These results suggest that increased choice impulsivity and cortical inhibition predispose animals to seek out rewards after stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Medical School, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Barbara Gisabella
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Medical School, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Emily T Stephens
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Medical School, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jacob Garteiser
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Medical School, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Alberto Del Arco
- HESRM, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Medical School, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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29
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Kalhan S, Schwartenbeck P, Hester R, Garrido MI. People with a tobacco use disorder exhibit misaligned Bayesian belief updating by falsely attributing non-drug cues as worse predictors of positive outcomes compared to drug cues. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 256:111109. [PMID: 38354476 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive behaviours depend on dynamically updating internal representations of the world based on the ever-changing environmental contingencies. People with a substance use disorder (pSUD) show maladaptive behaviours with high persistence in drug-taking, despite severe negative consequences. We recently proposed a salience misattribution model for addiction (SMMA; Kalhan et al., 2021), arguing that pSUD have aberrations in their updating processes where drug cues are misattributed as strong predictors of positive outcomes, but weaker predictors of negative outcomes. We also argued that conversely, non-drug cues are misattributed as weak predictors of positive outcomes, but stronger predictors of negative outcomes. We tested these hypotheses using a multi-cue reversal learning task, with reversals in whether drug or non-drug cues are relevant in predicting the outcome (monetary win or loss). We show that people with a tobacco use disorder (pTUD), do form misaligned internal representations. We found that pTUD updated less towards learning the drug cue's relevance in predicting a loss. Further, when neither drug nor non-drug cue predicted a win, pTUD updated more towards the drug cue being relevant predictors of that win. Our Bayesian belief updating model revealed that pTUD had a low estimated likelihood of non-drug cues being predictors of wins, compared to drug cues, which drove the misaligned updating. Overall, several hypotheses of the SMMA were supported, but not all. Our results implicate that strengthening the non-drug cue association with positive outcomes may help restore the misaligned internal representation in pTUD, and offers a quantifiable, computational account of these updating processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Kalhan
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Philipp Schwartenbeck
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Hester
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marta I Garrido
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Graeme Clark Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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30
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Christensen E, Albertella L, Chamberlain SR, Brydevall M, Suo C, Grant JE, Yücel M, Lee RSC. The neurocognitive correlates of non-substance addictive behaviors. Addict Behav 2024; 150:107904. [PMID: 37984220 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits have been implicated as transdiagnostic risk markers of substance use disorders. However, these have yet to be comprehensively evaluated in other, non-substance addictions. In a large, general community sample (N = 475) the present study evaluated the neurocognitive correlates of problem alcohol use and three non-substance-related addictive behaviors: addictive eating (AE), problematic pornography use (PPU), and problematic use of the internet (PUI), to identify potential shared and distinct neurocognitive correlates. A sample of Australian residents (54.4 % female M[SD] age = 32.4[11.9] years) completed a comprehensive online assessment of neurocognitive tasks tapping into eight distinct expert-endorsed domains purportedly associated with addiction. Multiple linear regressions with bootstrapping were used to examine associations among each addictive behavior of interest and neurocognition, trait impulsivity, and compulsivity, as well as key covariates. Neurocognition was differentially associated with each addictive behavior. None of the neurocognitive domains were significantly associated with problematic alcohol use or AE (p >.05), poorer performance monitoring was significantly associated with higher levels of PPU and PUI (β = -0.10, p =.049; β = -0.09, p =.028), and a preference for delayed gratification was associated with more severe PUI (β = -0.10, p =.025). Our findings have theoretical implications for how we understand non-substance addiction and suggest the need for a more nuanced approach to studying addictive behaviors that take into account the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms associated with each type of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erynn Christensen
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southampton, Southampton, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Maja Brydevall
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Rico Sze Chun Lee
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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31
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Sallie SN, Sonkusare S, Mandali A, Casero V, Cui H, Guzman NV, Allison M, Voon V. Cortical paired associative stimulation shows impaired plasticity of inhibition networks as a function of chronic alcohol use. Psychol Med 2024; 54:698-709. [PMID: 37712403 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response inhibition - or the ability to withhold a suboptimal response - relies on the efficacy of fronto-striatal networks, and is impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction. Cortical paired associative stimulation (cPAS) is a form of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) which can strengthen neuronal connections via spike-timing-dependent plasticity mechanisms. Here, we used cPAS targeting the fronto-striatal inhibitory network to modulate performance on a response inhibition measure in chronic alcohol use. METHODS Fifty-five participants (20 patients with a formal alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis (26-74 years, 6[30%] females) and 20 matched healthy controls (HCs) (27-73 years, 6[30%] females) within a larger sample of 35 HCs (23-84 years, 11[31.4%] females) underwent two randomized sessions of cPAS 1-week apart: right inferior frontal cortex stimulation preceding right presupplementary motor area stimulation by either 4 ms (excitation condition) or 100 ms (control condition), and were subsequently administered the Stop Signal Task (SST) in both sessions. RESULTS HCs showed decreased stop signal reaction time in the excitation condition (t(19) = -3.01, p = 0.007, [CIs]:-35.6 to -6.42); this facilitatory effect was not observed for AUD (F(1,31) = 9.57, p = 0.004, CIs: -68.64 to -14.11). Individually, rates of SST improvement were substantially higher for healthy (72%) relative to AUD (13.6%) groups (OR: 2.33, p = 0.006, CIs:-3.34 to -0.55). CONCLUSION In line with previous findings, cPAS improved response inhibition in healthy adults by strengthening the fronto-striatal network through putative long-term potentiation-like plasticity mechanisms. Furthermore, we identified a possible marker of impaired cortical excitability, and, thus, diminished capacity for cPAS-induced neuroplasticity in AUD with direct implications to a disorder-relevant cognitive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Sallie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Saurabh Sonkusare
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alekhya Mandali
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13TH, UK
| | - Violeta Casero
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hailun Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Natalie V Guzman
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael Allison
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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32
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Toś M, Grażyńska A, Antoniuk S, Siuda J. Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes-Is There a Difference? Brain Sci 2024; 14:181. [PMID: 38391755 PMCID: PMC10886884 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are characterized by potentially harmful actions resulting from disturbances in the self-control of emotions and behavior. ICDs include disorders such as gambling, hypersexuality, binge eating, and compulsive buying. ICDs are known non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and are associated primarily with the use of dopaminergic treatment (DRT) and especially dopamine agonists (DA). However, in atypical parkinsonism (APS), such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) or multiple system atrophy (MSA), there are only single case reports of ICDs without attempts to determine the risk factors for their occurrence. Moreover, numerous reports in the literature indicate increased impulsivity in PSP. Our study aimed to determine the frequency of individual ICDs in APS compared to PD and identify potential factors for developing ICDs in APS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our prospective study included 185 patients with PD and 35 with APS (27 patients with PSP and 9 with MSA) hospitalized between 2020 and 2023 at the Neurological Department of University Central Hospital in Katowice. Each patient was examined using the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease (QUIP) to assess ICDs. Additionally, other scales were used to assess the advancement of the disease, the severity of depression, and cognitive impairment. Information on age, gender, age of onset, disease duration, and treatment used were collected from medical records and patient interviews. RESULTS ICDs were detected in 23.39% of patients with PD (including binge eating in 11.54%, compulsive buying in 10.44%, hypersexuality in 8.79%, and pathological gambling in 4.40%), in one patient with MSA (hypersexuality and pathological gambling), and in 18.52% of patients with PSP (binge eating in 3.70%, compulsive buying in 7.41%, and hypersexuality in 11.11%). We found no differences in the frequency of ICDs between individual diseases (p = 0.4696). We confirmed that the use of higher doses of DA and L-dopa in patients with PD, as well as a longer disease duration and the presence of motor complications, were associated with a higher incidence of ICDs. However, we did not find any treatment effect on the incidence of ICDs in APS. CONCLUSIONS ICDs are common and occur with a similar frequency in PD and APS. Well-described risk factors for ICDs in PD, such as the use of DRT or longer disease duration, are not fully reflected in the risk factors for ICDs in APS. This applies especially to PSP, which, unlike PD and MSA, is a tauopathy in which, in addition to the use of DRT, other mechanisms related to the disease, such as disorders in neuronal loops and neurotransmitter deficits, may influence the development of ICDs. Further prospective multicenter studies recruiting larger groups of patients are needed to fully determine the risk factors and mechanisms of ICD development in APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Toś
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Grażyńska
- Department of Imaging Diagnostics and Interventional Radiology, Kornel Gibiński Independent Public Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sofija Antoniuk
- St. Barbara Regional Specialist Hospital No. 5, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Siuda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Magnard R, Fouyssac M, Vachez YM, Cheng Y, Dufourd T, Carcenac C, Boulet S, Janak PH, Savasta M, Belin D, Carnicella S. Pramipexole restores behavioral inhibition in highly impulsive rats through a paradoxical modulation of frontostriatal networks. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:86. [PMID: 38336862 PMCID: PMC10858232 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Impulse control disorders (ICDs), a wide spectrum of maladaptive behaviors which includes pathological gambling, hypersexuality and compulsive buying, have been recently suggested to be triggered or aggravated by treatments with dopamine D2/3 receptor agonists, such as pramipexole (PPX). Despite evidence showing that impulsivity is associated with functional alterations in corticostriatal networks, the neural basis of the exacerbation of impulsivity by PPX has not been elucidated. Here we used a hotspot analysis to assess the functional recruitment of several corticostriatal structures by PPX in male rats identified as highly (HI), moderately impulsive (MI) or with low levels of impulsivity (LI) in the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). PPX dramatically reduced impulsivity in HI rats. Assessment of the expression pattern of the two immediate early genes C-fos and Zif268 by in situ hybridization subsequently revealed that PPX resulted in a decrease in Zif268 mRNA levels in different striatal regions of both LI and HI rats accompanied by a high impulsivity specific reduction of Zif268 mRNA levels in prelimbic and cingulate cortices. PPX also decreased C-fos mRNA levels in all striatal regions of LI rats, but only in the dorsolateral striatum and nucleus accumbens core (NAc Core) of HI rats. Structural equation modeling further suggested that the anti-impulsive effect of PPX was mainly attributable to the specific downregulation of Zif268 mRNA in the NAc Core. Altogether, our results show that PPX restores impulse control in highly impulsive rats by modulation of limbic frontostriatal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Magnard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Maxime Fouyssac
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EB, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yvan M Vachez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yifeng Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Thibault Dufourd
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Carole Carcenac
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sabrina Boulet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patricia H Janak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Marc Savasta
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - David Belin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EB, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Carnicella
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Mendes AJ, Galdo-Álvarez S, Lema A, Carvalho S, Leite J. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Decreases P3 Amplitude and Inherent Delta Activity during a Waiting Impulsivity Paradigm: Crossover Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:168. [PMID: 38391742 PMCID: PMC10887229 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The inability to wait for a target before initiating an action (i.e., waiting impulsivity) is one of the main features of addictive behaviors. Current interventions for addiction, such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), have been suggested to improve this inability. Nonetheless, the effects of tDCS on waiting impulsivity and underlying electrophysiological (EEG) markers are still not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of neuromodulation over the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) on the behavior and EEG markers of reward anticipation (i.e., cue and target-P3 and underlying delta/theta power) during a premature responding task. For that, forty healthy subjects participated in two experimental sessions, where they received active and sham tDCS over the rIFG combined with EEG recording during the task. To evaluate transfer effects, participants also performed two control tasks to assess delay discounting and motor inhibition. The active tDCS decreased the cue-P3 and target-P3 amplitudes, as well as delta power during target-P3. While no tDCS effects were found for motor inhibition, active tDCS increased the discounting of future rewards when compared to sham. These findings suggest a tDCS-induced modulation of the P3 component and underlying oscillatory activity during waiting impulsivity and the discounting of future rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto J Mendes
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Santiago Galdo-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Facultade de Psicoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 1205 Galicia, Spain
| | - Alberto Lema
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Department of Education and Psychology, William James Center for Research (WJCR), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Center for Health Technology and Services Research at the Associate Laboratory RISE-Health Research Network, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge Leite
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Liu W, Liu L, Deng Z, Liu R, Ma T, Xin Y, Xie Y, Zhou Y, Tang Y. Associations between impulsivity and fecal microbiota in individuals abstaining from methamphetamine. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14580. [PMID: 38421126 PMCID: PMC10851322 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is a major public problem, and impulsivity is both a prominent risk factor and a consequence of addiction. Hence, clarifying the biological mechanism of impulsivity may facilitate the understanding of addiction to MA. The microbiota-gut-brain axis was suggested to underlie a biological mechanism of impulsivity induced by MA. METHODS We therefore recruited 62 MA addicts and 50 healthy controls (HCs) to investigate the alterations in impulsivity and fecal microbiota and the associations between them in the MA group. Thereafter, 25 MA abusers who abstained from MA for less than 3 months were followed up for 2 months to investigate the relationship between impulsivity and microbiota as abstinence became longer. 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted for microbiota identification. RESULTS Elevated impulsivity and dysbiosis characterized by an increase in opportunistic pathogens and a decrease in probiotics were identified in MA abusers, and both the increased impulsivity and disrupted microbiota tended to recover after longer abstinence from MA. Impulsivity was related to microbiota, and the effect of MA abuse on impulsivity was mediated by microbiota. CONCLUSION Our findings potentially highlighted the importance of abstention and implicated the significant role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the interrelationship between microbiota and behaviors, as well as the potential of microbiota as a target for intervention of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPR China
| | - Linzi Liu
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPR China
| | - Zijing Deng
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPR China
| | - Ruina Liu
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShanxiPR China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPR China
| | - Yide Xin
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPR China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPR China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPR China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of PsychiatryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPR China
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Yan WS, Liu SJ, Zheng DH. Compulsivity and Inhibitory Control Deficits in Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Addiction and Their Biological Siblings Compared With Unrelated Healthy Control Participants. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:196-206. [PMID: 37995811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compulsivity represents the performance of persistent and repetitive acts despite negative consequences and is considered one of the critical mechanisms for drug addiction. Although compulsivity-related neurocognitive impairments have been linked to addiction, it remains unclear whether these deficits might have predated drug abuse as potential familial susceptibilities. METHODS A large sample of 213 adult participants were recruited, including 70 abstinent individuals addicted to heroin (HAs), 69 unaffected biological siblings of the HAs (siblings), and 74 unrelated healthy control participants. Compulsivity-related neurocognitive functions were evaluated using the intradimensional/extradimensional set-shift task and a probabilistic reversal learning task. Compulsive traits were measured by the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised. Inhibitory control was assessed using the stop signal task and Stroop Color and Word Test. Network models for group recognition were conducted using multilayer perceptron neural networks. RESULTS Data indicated that both HAs and siblings performed worse than healthy control participants on compulsivity-related aspects (i.e., shifting and reversal learning functions) and inhibitory control and had higher levels of self-reported compulsive traits. Furthermore, neural models revealed that a possible 3-facet clustering of neurocognitive deficits was linked to both HAs and siblings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that deficits in shift reversal and inhibitory control aspects and elevated compulsive traits, shared by HAs and their unaffected siblings, may putatively represent conceivable markers associated with familial vulnerabilities implicated in the development of heroin dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Sen Yan
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Research Institute for Health Development, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Su-Jiao Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan-Hui Zheng
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Csibra B, Bunford N, Gácsi M. Development of a human-analogue, 3-symptom domain Dog ADHD and Functionality Rating Scale (DAFRS). Sci Rep 2024; 14:1808. [PMID: 38245569 PMCID: PMC10799898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The family dog, in its natural environment, exhibits neuropsychological deficits redolent of human psychiatric disorders, including behaviours that are similar to human attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Based on standard questionnaire methods in humans, we aimed to develop and validate a detailed, psychometrically improved tool to assess owner views on relevant dog behaviours. We modified available questionnaires by adding items that allow for separate analysis of impulsivity, and items on functional impairment. We collected data from 1168 owners for different validation steps of the new questionnaire and, similarly to assessment of humans where teachers also evaluate as an expert control, we collected data from dog trainers. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed 3 factors: inattention (IA), hyperactivity (H) and impulsivity (I), corresponding to all three human symptom dimensions in dogs. Test-retest analyses showed excellent agreement between measurements for all factors. Similarly to findings with humans, trainer-owner rating comparisons showed fair (IA) to moderate (H, I) agreement. As in humans, greater ADHD scores were associated with greater functional impairment scores. We suggest that in dogs, similarly to humans, parallel examination of (extreme) ADHD and functional impairment scores could help distinguish diagnosable individuals, after further validation of the questionnaire using a relevant behaviour test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Csibra
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Nóra Bunford
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Márta Gácsi
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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Lee IB, Lee E, Han NE, Slavuj M, Hwang JW, Lee A, Sun T, Jeong Y, Baik JH, Park JY, Choi SY, Kwag J, Yoon BJ. Persistent enhancement of basolateral amygdala-dorsomedial striatum synapses causes compulsive-like behaviors in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:219. [PMID: 38191518 PMCID: PMC10774417 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Compulsive behaviors are observed in a range of psychiatric disorders, however the neural substrates underlying the behaviors are not clearly defined. Here we show that the basolateral amygdala-dorsomedial striatum (BLA-DMS) circuit activation leads to the manifestation of compulsive-like behaviors. We revealed that the BLA neurons projecting to the DMS, mainly onto dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons, largely overlap with the neuronal population that responds to aversive predator stress, a widely used anxiogenic stressor. Specific optogenetic activation of the BLA-DMS circuit induced a strong anxiety response followed by compulsive grooming. Furthermore, we developed a mouse model for compulsivity displaying a wide spectrum of compulsive-like behaviors by chronically activating the BLA-DMS circuit. In these mice, persistent molecular changes at the BLA-DMS synapses observed were causally related to the compulsive-like phenotypes. Together, our study demonstrates the involvement of the BLA-DMS circuit in the emergence of enduring compulsive-like behaviors via its persistent synaptic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Bum Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Eun Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Marko Slavuj
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Wook Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahrim Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Sun
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yehwan Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Baik
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyun Kwag
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-June Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Ren Z, Mu L, Wang L, Xia L, Song P, Wang Y, Li J, Duan F, Li H, Tang H, Wang W, Zhu L, Zhang L, Song X, Wang Y, Zhao W, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Shao W, Zhang X, Jiao D. Predictive role of impulsivity, anxiety, and depression in the efficacy of intermittent theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation modalities for treating methamphetamine use disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 156:209189. [PMID: 37866441 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) can cause impulsive behavior, anxiety, and depression. Stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in MUD patients by intermittent theta burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (iTBS-rTMS) is effective in reducing cravings, impulsive behavior, anxiety, and depression. The purpose of this study was to explore whether these psychological factors helped to predict MUD patients' responses to iTBS-rTMS treatment. METHODS Fifty MUD patients and sixty healthy subjects matched for general conditions were used as study subjects. The study randomly divided MUD patients into iTBS-rTMS and sham stimulation groups and received 20 sessions of real or sham iTBS-rTMS treatment, and the study collected cue-related evoked craving data before and after treatment. All subjects completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). RESULTS The MUD patients showed significantly higher levels of impulsivity, anxiety, and depression than the healthy subjects. The MUD patients who received the real treatment had significantly lower impulsivity, anxiety, and depression scores, and better treatment effects on cravings than the sham stimulation group. The Spearman rank correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that the baseline BIS-11 and the reduction rate (RR) of BIS-11 and RR of SDS were positively correlated with the decrease in cravings in the iTBS-rTMS group. ROC curve analysis showed that RR of SDS (AUC = 91.6 %; 95 % CI = 0.804-1.000) had predictive power to iTBS- rTMS therapeutic efficacy, the cutoff value is 15.102 %. CONCLUSIONS iTBS-rTMS had a good therapeutic effect in MUD patients and the baseline impulsivity, the improved depression and impulsivity were associated with therapeutic effect of iTBS-rTMS. The improved depression had the potential to predict the efficacy of the iTBS-rTMS modality for MUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Ren
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Linlin Mu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Lijin Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Lingling Xia
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Peipei Song
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Junda Li
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Fan Duan
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Haonan Li
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Huajun Tang
- Compulsory Isolated Drug Rehabilitation Center, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Xun Song
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Yuqiong Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Ze Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Wenyi Shao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Dongliang Jiao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China.
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Martínez JL, Maner JK. Shorter Goals for the Faster Life: Childhood Unpredictability Is Associated With Shorter Motivational Time Horizons. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2023:1461672231216821. [PMID: 38146692 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231216821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Models of adaptive calibration provide an overarching theoretical framework for understanding the developmental roots of psychological and behavioral outcomes in adulthood. An adaptive calibration framework was used to examine an important dimension of motivation: goal timing. Across two studies, we saw mixed support for the hypothesis that unpredictability experienced in childhood would be negatively associated with the time horizons people use to set their goals, such that people who reported experiencing more unpredictability in their childhood tended to set goals on relatively shorter time horizons. The association was observed based on independent ratings of goal timing, but not based on participants' self-reported ratings of goal timing, and was statistically mediated by people's tendency to consider the short- versus long-term future consequences of their actions. These studies isolate a key component of childhood adversity-unpredictability-potentially underlying the time horizons people use to set, prioritize, and pursue their goals.
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Galkin SA. The Effects of Cognitive Impulsivity on the Duration of Remission in Alcohol-Dependent Patients. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2023; 4:29-38. [PMID: 38618631 PMCID: PMC11009976 DOI: 10.17816/cp13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impulsivity manifesting in impaired inhibitory control and decision-making impulsivity is observed both in alcohol-dependent and substance-dependent individuals and may affect the ability to maintain long-term (persistent) remission. AIM To evaluate the effects of cognitive parameters of impulsivity on the duration of remission in alcohol-dependent patients. METHODS The study included 83 patients with alcohol dependence and 51 mentally healthy study subjects as the control group. The distribution of patients by duration of remission was based on the DSM-5 criteria. Patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of their most recent remission: patients with early remission (n=48) and patients with sustained remission (n=35). Impulsivity was assessed using the Go/No-Go task, which included a response inhibition component (inhibitory control). Choice impulsivity was assessed using two cognitive tests that encompass its separate components: decision-making under risk (Cambridge Gambling Task, CGT), and decision making under uncertainty (Iowa Gambling Task, IGT). RESULTS The study groups (patients and the controls) differed significantly in all domains of impulsivity: decision making under risk [GT: decision making quality (H(2, N=134)=30.233, p <0.001) and decision-making time (H(2, N=134)=18.433, p <0.001)] and decision making under uncertainty [IGT: selecting cards from "losing" decks (H(2, N=134)=9.291, p=0.009)]. The group of patients with sustained alcohol remission was characterized by longer decision times in CGT compared to the group of patients with early remission (z=2.398, p=0.049). Decision quality in CGT (z=0.673, p=0.999) and IGT scores (z=1.202, p=0.687) were not statistically significantly different between the groups of patients with sustained and early remission from alcohol dependence. The assessment of impulsive actions showed that the study groups were significantly different in terms of their ability to suppress their dominant behavioral response when performing the GNG task [false presses when seeing the "No-Go" signal (H(2, N=134)=28.851, p <0.001)]. The group of patients in sustained remission from alcohol dependence was characterized by better suppression of the behavioral response to the "No-Go" signal relative to the patients in early remission [H(2, N=134)=2.743, p=0.044)]. The regression analysis showed that the decision-making quality (t=2.507, р =0.049) and decision-making time (t=3.237, р=0.031) and the number of false presses when seeing the "No-Go" signal in the GNC task had a statistically significant impact on the duration of remission (t=3.091, р =0.043). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that impaired decision-making processes and the ability to inhibit the dominant behavioral response have a significant impact on the ability of alcohol-dependent patients to maintain long-term remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A. Galkin
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences
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Zühlsdorff K, Verdejo-Román J, Clark L, Albein-Urios N, Soriano-Mas C, Cardinal RN, Robbins TW, Dalley JW, Verdejo-García A, Kanen JW. Computational modelling of reinforcement learning and functional neuroimaging of probabilistic reversal for dissociating compulsive behaviours in gambling and cocaine use disorders. BJPsych Open 2023; 10:e8. [PMID: 38073280 PMCID: PMC10755559 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with cocaine use disorder or gambling disorder demonstrate impairments in cognitive flexibility: the ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Flexibility is commonly assessed in a laboratory setting using probabilistic reversal learning, which involves reinforcement learning, the process by which feedback from the environment is used to adjust behavior. AIMS It is poorly understood whether impairments in flexibility differ between individuals with cocaine use and gambling disorders, and how this is instantiated by the brain. We applied computational modelling methods to gain a deeper mechanistic explanation of the latent processes underlying cognitive flexibility across two disorders of compulsivity. METHOD We present a re-analysis of probabilistic reversal data from individuals with either gambling disorder (n = 18) or cocaine use disorder (n = 20) and control participants (n = 18), using a hierarchical Bayesian approach. Furthermore, we relate behavioural findings to their underlying neural substrates through an analysis of task-based functional magnetic resonanceimaging (fMRI) data. RESULTS We observed lower 'stimulus stickiness' in gambling disorder, and report differences in tracking expected values in individuals with gambling disorder compared to controls, with greater activity during reward expected value tracking in the cingulate gyrus and amygdala. In cocaine use disorder, we observed lower responses to positive punishment prediction errors and greater activity following negative punishment prediction errors in the superior frontal gyrus compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Using a computational approach, we show that individuals with gambling disorder and cocaine use disorder differed in their perseverative tendencies and in how they tracked value neurally, which has implications for psychiatric classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Zühlsdorff
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK; and the Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Luke Clark
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain; and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rudolf N. Cardinal
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; and Liaison Psychology, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK; and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey W. Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia; and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Jonathan W. Kanen
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK; and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
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Tiego J, Trender W, Hellyer PJ, Grant JE, Hampshire A, Chamberlain SR. Measuring Compulsivity as a Self-Reported Multidimensional Transdiagnostic Construct: Large-Scale ( N = 182,000) Validation of the Cambridge-Chicago Compulsivity Trait Scale. Assessment 2023; 30:2433-2448. [PMID: 36680457 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221149083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Compulsivity has potential transdiagnostic relevance to a range of psychiatric disorders, but it has not been well-characterized and there are few existing measures available for measuring the construct across clinical and nonclinical samples that have been validated at large population scale. We aimed to characterize the multidimensional latent structure of self-reported compulsivity in a population-based sample of British children and adults (N = 182,145) using the Cambridge-Chicago Compulsivity Trait Scale (CHI-T). Exploratory structural equation modeling provided evidence for a correlated two-factor model consisting of (a) Perfectionism and (b) Reward Drive dimensions. Evidence was obtained for discriminant validity in relation to the big five personality dimensions and acceptable test-retest reliability. The CHI-T, here validated at extremely large scale, is suitable for use in studies seeking to understand the correlates and basis of compulsivity in clinical and nonclinical participants. We provide extensive normative data to facilitate interpretation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- University of Southampton, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, NHS, Southampton, UK
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Mosca A, Miuli A, Mancusi G, Chiappini S, Stigliano G, De Pasquale A, Di Petta G, Bubbico G, Pasino A, Pettorruso M, Martinotti G. To bridge or not to bridge: Moral Judgement in Cocaine Use Disorders, a case-control study on human morality. Soc Neurosci 2023; 18:271-281. [PMID: 37594151 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2023.2242096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the "Dual-Process theory", morality is characterized by the interaction between an automatic-emotional process, mediated by the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) and linked to personal-deontological decisions, and a rational-conscious one, mediated by the Dorso-Lateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) and linked to impersonal-utilitarian decisions. These areas are altered by chronic use of cocaine, with a possible impact on moral decision-making. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the difference between a group of Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) patients and a control group in moral decision-making. METHODS Subjects with CUD were compared to an equal-sized healthy group regarding their moral decision-making. Trolley and Footbridge Moral Dilemmas were administered to each group. The quality of the answer (yes or no) and the time needed to answer were recorded. RESULTS The recruited group includes 72 subjects, 36 with CUD and 36 healthy subjects (average age of 39.51 ± 9.89). In the Trolley dilemma, almost all the subjects (97.3%) answered "yes", while in the Footbridge dilemma CUD subjects answered "yes" more often (52.7%) than the healthy group (19.4%). CONCLUSION For strong emotional dilemmas (Footbridge), cocaine users answered "yes" with a higher frequency compared to healthy subjects, highlighting a wider utilitarian tendency in decision-making and a poor emotional participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mosca
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Miuli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Mancusi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Chiappini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse & Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life, and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - G Stigliano
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - A De Pasquale
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale E Delle Dipendenze, Sede Regionale, Sede di Isernia, Isernia, Italy
| | - G Di Petta
- SPDC, Mental Health Department, Santa Maria Delle Grazie Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - G Bubbico
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A Pasino
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Pettorruso
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse & Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life, and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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45
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Guzulaitis R, Palmer LM. A thalamocortical pathway controlling impulsive behavior. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:1018-1024. [PMID: 37778915 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Planning and anticipating motor actions enables movements to be quickly and accurately executed. However, if anticipation is not properly controlled, it can lead to premature impulsive actions. Impulsive behavior is defined as actions that are poorly conceived and are often risky and inappropriate. Historically, impulsive behavior was thought to be primarily controlled by the frontal cortex and basal ganglia. More recently, two additional brain regions, the ventromedial (VM) thalamus and the anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM), have been shown to have an important role in mice. Here, we explore this newly discovered role of the thalamocortical pathway and suggest cellular mechanisms that may be involved in driving the cortical activity that contributes to impulsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy M Palmer
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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46
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Lv Q, Zhang M, Jiang H, Liu Y, Zhao S, Xu X, Zhang W, Chen T, Su H, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhang J, Feng Y, Li Y, Li B, Zhao M, Wang Z. Metabolic and functional substrates of impulsive decision-making in individuals with heroin addiction after prolonged methadone maintenance treatment. Neuroimage 2023; 283:120421. [PMID: 37879424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated impulsivity has been frequently reported in individuals with opioid addiction receiving methadone maintenance therapy (MMT), but the underlying neural mechanisms and cognitive subprocesses are not fully understood. We acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 37 subjects with heroin addiction receiving long-term MMT and 33 healthy controls who performed a probabilistic reversal learning task, and measured their resting-state brain glucose using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET). Subjects receiving MMT exhibited significantly elevated self-reported impulsivity, and computational modeling revealed a marked impulsive decision bias manifested as switching more frequently without available evidence. Moreover, this impulsive decision bias was associated with the dose and duration of methadone use, irrelevant to the duration of heroin use. During the task, the switch-related hypoactivation in the left rostral middle frontal gyrus was correlated with the impulsive decision bias while the function of reward sensitivity was intact in subjects receiving MMT. Using prior brain-wide receptor density data, we found that the highest variance of regional metabolic abnormalities was explained by the spatial distribution of μ-opioid receptors among 10 types of neurotransmitter receptors. Heightened impulsivity in individuals receiving prolonged MMT is manifested as atypical choice bias and noise in decision-making processes, which is further driven by deficits in top-down cognitive control, other than reward sensitivity. Our findings uncover multifaceted mechanisms underlying elevated impulsivity in subjects receiving MMT, which might provide insights for developing complementary therapies to improve retention during MMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Shaoling Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlei Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Mental Health Center), Zhejiang Office of Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heqiu Wang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Mental Health Center), Zhejiang Office of Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Mental Health Center), Zhejiang Office of Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjing Feng
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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47
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Welsch L, Colantonio E, Falconnier C, Champagnol-DiLiberti C, Allain F, Ben Hamida S, Darcq E, Lutz PE, Kieffer BL. Mu Opioid Receptor-Positive Neurons in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Are Impaired by Morphine Abstinence. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:852-862. [PMID: 37393045 PMCID: PMC10851617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic opioid exposure leads to hedonic deficits and enhanced vulnerability to addiction, which are observed and even strengthen after a period of abstinence, but the underlying circuit mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, using both molecular and behavioral approaches, we tested the hypothesis that neurons expressing mu opioid receptors (MORs) in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are involved in addiction vulnerability associated with morphine abstinence. METHODS MOR-Cre mice were exposed to chronic morphine and then went through spontaneous withdrawal for 4 weeks, a well-established mouse model of morphine abstinence. We studied DRN-MOR neurons of abstinent mice using 1) viral translating ribosome affinity for transcriptome profiling, 2) fiber photometry to measure neuronal activity, and 3) an opto-intracranial self-stimulation paradigm applied to DRN-MOR neurons to assess responses related to addiction vulnerability including persistence to respond, motivation to obtain the stimulation, self-stimulation despite punishment, and cue-induced reinstatement. RESULTS DRN-MOR neurons of abstinent animals showed a downregulation of genes involved in ion conductance and MOR-mediated signaling, as well as altered responding to acute morphine. Opto-intracranial self-stimulation data showed that abstinent animals executed more impulsive-like and persistent responses during acquisition and scored higher on addiction-like criteria. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that protracted abstinence to chronic morphine leads to reduced MOR function in DRN-MOR neurons and abnormal self-stimulation of these neurons. We propose that DRN-MOR neurons have partially lost their reward-facilitating properties, which in turn may lead to increased propensity to perform addiction-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Welsch
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM U1114, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Camille Falconnier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR3212, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Florence Allain
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM U1114, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sami Ben Hamida
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM UMR 1247, Research Group on Alcohol & Pharmacodependences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM U1114, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre-Eric Lutz
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM U1114, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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48
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Zald DH. The influence of dopamine autoreceptors on temperament and addiction risk. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105456. [PMID: 37926241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
As a major regulator of dopamine (DA), DA autoreceptors (DAARs) exert substantial influence over DA-mediated behaviors. This paper reviews the physiological and behavioral impact of DAARs. Individual differences in DAAR functioning influences temperamental traits such as novelty responsivity and impulsivity, both of which are associated with vulnerability to addictive behavior in animal models and a broad array of externalizing behaviors in humans. DAARs additionally impact the response to psychostimulants and other drugs of abuse. Human PET studies of D2-like receptors in the midbrain provide evidence for parallels to the animal literature. These data lead to the proposal that weak DAAR regulation is a risk factor for addiction and externalizing problems. The review highlights the potential to build translational models of the functional role of DAARs in behavior. It also draws attention to key limitations in the current literature that would need to be addressed to further advance a weak DAAR regulation model of addiction and externalizing risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Zald
- Center for Advanced Human Brain Imaging and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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49
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Singleton SP, Velidi P, Schilling L, Luppi AI, Jamison K, Parkes L, Kuceyeski A. Altered structural connectivity and functional brain dynamics in individuals with heavy alcohol use. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.27.568762. [PMID: 38077021 PMCID: PMC10705230 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.27.568762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Heavy alcohol use and its associated conditions, such as alcohol use disorder (AUD), impact millions of individuals worldwide. While our understanding of the neurobiological correlates of AUD has evolved substantially, we still lack models incorporating whole-brain neuroanatomical, functional, and pharmacological information under one framework. Here, we utilize diffusion and functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate alterations to brain dynamics in N = 130 individuals with a high amount of current alcohol use. We compared these alcohol using individuals to N = 308 individuals with minimal use of any substances. We find that individuals with heavy alcohol use had less dynamic and complex brain activity, and through leveraging network control theory, had increased control energy to complete transitions between activation states. Further, using separately acquired positron emission tomography (PET) data, we deploy an in silico evaluation demonstrating that decreased D2 receptor levels, as found previously in individuals with AUD, may relate to our observed findings. This work demonstrates that whole-brain, multimodal imaging information can be combined under a network control framework to identify and evaluate neurobiological correlates and mechanisms of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parker Singleton
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Puneet Velidi
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A
| | - Louisa Schilling
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill Univeristy, Montreal, CA
| | - Andrea I Luppi
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Keith Jamison
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Linden Parkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
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50
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Laskov O, Biačková N, Stuchlíková Z, Kostýlková L, Klírová M. Inhibitory Control in Young Healthy Adults - a tDCS Study. Physiol Res 2023; 72:633-644. [PMID: 38015762 PMCID: PMC10751056 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control plays a role in the behavior selection and detection of conflicts. Defects in inhibitory control are an integral part of many neuropsychiatric disorders and the possibilities of influencing it are the subject of active study. Studies have shown and confirmed the activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during the Stroop task and other tests involving response inhibition. Non-invasive brain stimulation is an emerging and actively developing group of methods used in cognitive research. In the present study, we used non-invasive, painless, and delicate transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) for the study of inhibitory control, and to explore the effect of impulsivity on response inhibition ability in young healthy participants. We conducted a cross-over study with cross-hemispheric application of 2 mA tDCS with electrodes placed on the right - cathode, and left - anode - DLPFC. Participants performed a classic Stroop test before and after stimulation. Impulsivity was measured via the personal impulsiveness questionnaire. There was no significant difference in interference score alteration between active and sham stimulations, anodal and sham tDCS both induced slight improvement in Stroop test results. Individual impulsivity in healthy participants showed no influence on their results. Our study adds to the picture and helps to deepen knowledge about the impact of different stimulation parameters on cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Laskov
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
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