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Banderwal R, Kadian M, Garg S, Kumar A. 'Comprehensive review of emerging drug targets in traumatic brain injury (TBI): challenges and future scope. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01524-w. [PMID: 39023681 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex brain problem that causes significant morbidity and mortality among people of all age groups. The complex pathophysiology, varied symptoms, and inadequate treatment further precipitate the problem. Further, TBI produces several psychiatric problems and other related complications in post-TBI survival patients, which are often treated symptomatically or inadequately. Several approaches, including neuroprotective agents targeting several pathways of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, cytokines, immune system GABA, glutamatergic, microglia, and astrocytes, are being tried by researchers to develop effective treatments or magic bullets to manage the condition effectively. The problem of TBI is therefore treated as a challenge among pharmaceutical scientists or researchers to develop drugs for the effective management of this problem. The goal of the present comprehensive review is to provide an overview of the several pharmacological targets, processes, and cellular pathways that researchers are focusing on, along with an update on their current state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rittu Banderwal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), UGC- Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Monika Kadian
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), UGC- Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sukant Garg
- Department of General Pathology, Dr HS Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), UGC- Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Balan I, Boero G, Chéry SL, McFarland MH, Lopez AG, Morrow AL. Neuroactive Steroids, Toll-like Receptors, and Neuroimmune Regulation: Insights into Their Impact on Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:582. [PMID: 38792602 PMCID: PMC11122352 DOI: 10.3390/life14050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnane neuroactive steroids, notably allopregnanolone and pregnenolone, exhibit efficacy in mitigating inflammatory signals triggered by toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, thus attenuating the production of inflammatory factors. Clinical studies highlight their therapeutic potential, particularly in conditions like postpartum depression (PPD), where the FDA-approved compound brexanolone, an intravenous formulation of allopregnanolone, effectively suppresses TLR-mediated inflammatory pathways, predicting symptom improvement. Additionally, pregnane neurosteroids exhibit trophic and anti-inflammatory properties, stimulating the production of vital trophic proteins and anti-inflammatory factors. Androstane neuroactive steroids, including estrogens and androgens, along with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), display diverse effects on TLR expression and activation. Notably, androstenediol (ADIOL), an androstane neurosteroid, emerges as a potent anti-inflammatory agent, promising for therapeutic interventions. The dysregulation of immune responses via TLR signaling alongside reduced levels of endogenous neurosteroids significantly contributes to symptom severity across various neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroactive steroids, such as allopregnanolone, demonstrate efficacy in alleviating symptoms of various neuropsychiatric disorders and modulating neuroimmune responses, offering potential intervention avenues. This review emphasizes the significant therapeutic potential of neuroactive steroids in modulating TLR signaling pathways, particularly in addressing inflammatory processes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. It advances our understanding of the complex interplay between neuroactive steroids and immune responses, paving the way for personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual needs and providing insights for future research aimed at unraveling the intricacies of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Giorgia Boero
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Samantha Lucenell Chéry
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Minna H. McFarland
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alejandro G. Lopez
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - A. Leslie Morrow
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Zhou Z, Li Y, Peng R, Shi M, Gao W, Lei P, Zhang J. Progesterone induces neuroprotection associated with immune/inflammatory modulation in experimental traumatic brain injury. Neuroreport 2024; 35:352-360. [PMID: 38526937 PMCID: PMC10965124 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
An imbalance of immune/inflammatory reactions aggravates secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can deteriorate clinical prognosis. So far, not enough therapeutic avenues have been found to prevent such an imbalance in the clinical setting. Progesterone has been shown to regulate immune/inflammatory reactions in many diseases and conveys a potential protective role in TBI. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of progesterone associated with immune/inflammatory modulation in experimental TBI. A TBI model in adult male C57BL/6J mice was created using a controlled contusion instrument. After injury, the mice received consecutive progesterone therapy (8 mg/kg per day, i.p.) until euthanized. Neurological deficits were assessed via Morris water maze test. Brain edema was measured via the dry-wet weight method. Immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry were used to examine the numbers of immune/inflammatory cells, including IBA-1 + microglia, myeloperoxidase + neutrophils, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β. Our data showed that progesterone therapy significantly improved neurological deficits and brain edema in experimental TBI, remarkably increased regulatory T cell numbers in the spleen, and dramatically reduced the activation and infiltration of inflammatory cells (microglia and neutrophils) in injured brain tissue. In addition, progesterone therapy decreased the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α but increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 after TBI. These findings suggest that progesterone administration could be used to regulate immune/inflammatory reactions and improve outcomes in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Yadan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
- Intensive Care Units, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital
| | - Ruilong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Mingming Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
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Rugg C, Schmid S, Zipperle J, Kreutziger J. Stress hyperglycaemia following trauma - a survival benefit or an outcome detriment? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2024; 37:131-138. [PMID: 38390910 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stress hyperglycaemia occur often in critically injured patients. To gain new consideration about it, this review compile current as well as known immunological and biochemical findings about causes and emergence. RECENT FINDINGS Glucose is the preferred energy substrate for fending immune cells, reparative tissue and the cardiovascular system following trauma. To fulfil these energy needs, the liver is metabolically reprogrammed to rebuild glucose from lactate and glucogenic amino acids (hepatic insulin resistance) at the expenses of muscles mass and - to a less extent - fat tissue (proteolysis, lipolysis, peripheral insulin resistance). This inevitably leads to stress hyperglycaemia, which is evolutionary preserved and seems to be an essential and beneficial survival response. It is initiated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), intensified by immune cells itself and mainly ruled by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α and catecholamines with lactate and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α as intracellular signals and lactate as an energy shuttle. Important biochemical mechanisms involved in this response are the Warburg effect as an efficient metabolic shortcut and the extended Cori cycle. SUMMARY Stress hyperglycaemia is beneficial in an acute life-threatening situation, but further research is necessary, to prevent trauma patients from the detrimental effects of persisting hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rugg
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Schmid
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Zipperle
- Johannes Zipperle, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janett Kreutziger
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Wei Z, Yu H, Zhao H, Wei M, Xing H, Pei J, Yang Y, Ren K. Broadening horizons: ferroptosis as a new target for traumatic brain injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad051. [PMID: 38250705 PMCID: PMC10799763 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with ~50 million people experiencing TBI each year. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death triggered by iron ion-catalyzed and reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation, has been identified as a potential contributor to traumatic central nervous system conditions, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of TBI. Alterations in iron metabolism play a crucial role in secondary injury following TBI. This study aimed to explore the role of ferroptosis in TBI, focusing on iron metabolism disorders, lipid metabolism disorders and the regulatory axis of system Xc-/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 in TBI. Additionally, we examined the involvement of ferroptosis in the chronic TBI stage. Based on these findings, we discuss potential therapeutic interventions targeting ferroptosis after TBI. In conclusion, this review provides novel insights into the pathology of TBI and proposes potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, China
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Longhu Middle Ring Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haihan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Longhu Middle Ring Road, Jinshui District, Luoyang, China
| | - Mingze Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, No. 263, Kaiyuan Avenue, Luolong District, Harbin, China
| | - Han Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jinyan Pei
- Quality Management Department, Henan No.3 Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 198, Funiu Road, Zhongyuan District, Henan province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 198, Funiu Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Xu J, Chen Y, Shi Y, Sun A, Yang Y, Boustani M, Su J, Zhang P. Associations Between Neuroinflammation-Related Conditions and Alzheimer's Disease: A Study of US Insurance Claims Data. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:739-752. [PMID: 38701142 PMCID: PMC11228456 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a key component for the success of the recently approved lecanemab and aducanumab. Patients with neuroinflammation-related conditions are associated with a higher risk for developing AD. Objective Investigate the incidence of AD among patients with neuroinflammation-related conditions including epilepsy, hemorrhage stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods We used Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database (CDM). We derived covariate-matched cohorts including patients with neuroinflammation-related conditions and controls without the corresponding condition. The matched cohorts were: 1) patients with epilepsy and controls (N = 67,825 matched pairs); 2) patients with hemorrhage stroke and controls (N = 81,510 matched pairs); 3) patients with MS and controls (N = 9,853 matched pairs); and 4) patients TBI and controls (N = 104,637 matched pairs). We used the Cox model to investigate the associations between neuroinflammation-related conditions and AD. Results We identified that epilepsy, hemorrhage stroke, and TBI were associated with increased risks of AD in both males and females (hazard ratios [HRs]≥1.74, p < 0.001), as well as in gender- and race-conscious subpopulations (HRs≥1.64, p < 0.001). We identified that MS was associated with increased risks of AD in both males and females (HRs≥1.47, p≤0.004), while gender- and race-conscious subgroup analysis shown mixed associations. Conclusions Patients with epilepsy, hemorrhage stroke, MS, and/or TBI are associated with a higher risk of developing AD. More attention on cognitive status should be given to older patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anna Sun
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yuedi Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Malaz Boustani
- Indiana University Center for Health Innovation and Implementation Science, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Niknejad A, Hosseini Y, Shamsnia HS, Kashani AS, Rostamian F, Momtaz S, Abdolghaffari AH. Sodium Glucose Transporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2Is)-TLRs Axis Modulates Diabetes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:599-613. [PMID: 37658280 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide and is mainly associated with impaired insulin function. To date, various oral anti-diabetic drugs have been developed, of which, the sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) are of the most recent classes that have been introduced. They differ from other classes in terms of their novel mechanism of actions and unique beneficial effects rather than just lowering glucose levels. SGLT2Is can protect body against cardiovascular events and kidney diseases even in non-diabetic individuals. SGLT2Is participate in immune cell activation, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammation mediation, thereby, moderating diabetic complications. In addition, toll like receptors (TLRs) are the intermediators of the immune system and inflammatory process, thus it's believed to play crucial roles in diabetic complications, particularly the ones that are related to inflammatory reactions. SGLT2Is are also effective against diabetic complications via their anti-inflammatory and oxidative properties. Given the anti-inflammatory properties of TLRs and SGLT2Is, this review investigates how SGLT2Is can affect the TLR pathway, and whether this could be favorable toward diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Niknejad
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Hosseini
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Sadat Shamsnia
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayeh Sabbagh Kashani
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rostamian
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Li T, Tang Q, Xu J, Ye X, Chen K, Zhong J, Zhu J, Lu S, Zhu T. Apelin-Overexpressing Neural Stem Cells in Conjunction with a Silk Fibroin Nanofiber Scaffold for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:539-553. [PMID: 37261998 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially moderate or severe TBI, is one of the most devastating injuries to the nervous system, as the existing therapies for neurological defect repair have difficulty achieving satisfactory results. Neural stem cells (NSCs) therapy is a potentially effective treatment option, especially after specific genetic modifications and when used in combination with biomimetic biological scaffolds. In this study, tussah silk fibroin (TSF) scaffolds with interconnected nanofibrous structures were fabricated using a top-down method. We constructed the apelin-overexpressing NSCs that were cocultured with a TSF nanofiber scaffold (TSFNS) that simulated the extracellular matrix in vitro. To verify the therapeutic efficacy of engineered NSCs in vivo, we constructed TBI models and randomized the C57BL/6 mice into three groups: a control group, an NSC-ctrl group (transplantation of NSCs integrated on TSFNS), and an NSC-apelin group (transplantation of apelin-overexpressing NSCs integrated on TSFNS). The neurological functions of the model mice were evaluated in stages. Specimens were obtained 24 days after transplantation for immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot experiments, and statistical analysis was performed. The results showed that the combination of the TSFNS and apelin overexpression guided extension and elevated the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the transplantation of TSFNS-NSCs-Apelin reduced lesion volume, enhanced angiogenesis, inhibited neuronal apoptosis, reduced blood-brain barrier damage, and mitigated neuroinflammation. In summary, TSFNS-NSC-Apelin therapy could build a microenvironment that is more conducive to neural repair to promote the recovery of injured neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Endoscopy Centre and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangru Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Kezhu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijun Lu
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tongming Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
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Nguyen T, Nguyen N, Cochran AG, Smith JA, Al-Juboori M, Brumett A, Saxena S, Talley S, Campbell EM, Obukhov AG, White FA. Repeated closed-head mild traumatic brain injury-induced inflammation is associated with nociceptive sensitization. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:196. [PMID: 37635235 PMCID: PMC10464478 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who have experienced mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) suffer from several comorbidities, including chronic pain. Despite extensive studies investigating the underlying mechanisms of mTBI-associated chronic pain, the role of inflammation in long-term pain after mTBIs is not fully elucidated. Given the shifting dynamics of inflammation, it is important to understand the spatial-longitudinal changes in inflammatory processes following mTBIs and their effects on TBI-related pain. METHODS We utilized a recently developed transgenic caspase-1 luciferase reporter mouse model to monitor caspase-1 activation through a thinned skull window in the in vivo setting following three closed-head mTBI events. Organotypic coronal brain slice cultures and acutely dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells provided tissue-relevant context of inflammation signal. Mechanical allodynia was assessed by mechanical withdrawal threshold to von Frey and thermal hyperalgesia withdrawal latency to radiant heat. Mouse grimace scale (MGS) was used to detect spontaneous or non-evoked pain. In some experiments, mice were prophylactically treated with MCC950, a potent small molecule inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly to inhibit injury-induced inflammatory signaling. Bioluminescence spatiotemporal dynamics were quantified in the head and hind paws, and caspase-1 activation was confirmed by immunoblot. Immunofluorescence staining was used to monitor the progression of astrogliosis and microglial activation in ex vivo brain tissue following repetitive closed-head mTBIs. RESULTS Mice with repetitive closed-head mTBIs exhibited significant increases of the bioluminescence signals within the brain and paws in vivo for at least one week after each injury. Consistently, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that mTBIs led to caspase-1 activation, astrogliosis, and microgliosis. Persistent changes in MGS and hind paw withdrawal thresholds, indicative of pain states, were observed post-injury in the same mTBI animals in vivo. We also observed enhanced inflammatory responses in ex vivo brain slice preparations and DRG for at least 3 days following mTBIs. In vivo treatment with MCC950 significantly reduced caspase-1 activation-associated bioluminescent signals in vivo and decreased stimulus-evoked and non-stimulus evoked nociception. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the inflammatory states in the brain and peripheral nervous system following repeated mTBIs are coincidental with the development of nociceptive sensitization, and that these events can be significantly reduced by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Natalie Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ashlyn G Cochran
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jared A Smith
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Juboori
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew Brumett
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Saahil Saxena
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah Talley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Edward M Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Alexander G Obukhov
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fletcher A White
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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10
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Shrestha N, Chaturvedi P, Zhu X, Dee MJ, George V, Janney C, Egan JO, Liu B, Foster M, Marsala L, Wong P, Cubitt CC, Foltz JA, Tran J, Schappe T, Hsiao K, Leclerc GM, You L, Echeverri C, Spanoudis C, Carvalho A, Kanakaraj L, Gilkes C, Encalada N, Kong L, Wang M, Fang B, Wang Z, Jiao J, Muniz GJ, Jeng EK, Valdivieso N, Li L, Deth R, Berrien‐Elliott MM, Fehniger TA, Rhode PR, Wong HC. Immunotherapeutic approach to reduce senescent cells and alleviate senescence-associated secretory phenotype in mice. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13806. [PMID: 36967480 PMCID: PMC10186597 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of senescent cells (SNCs) with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been implicated as a major source of chronic sterile inflammation leading to many age-related pathologies. Herein, we provide evidence that a bifunctional immunotherapeutic, HCW9218, with capabilities of neutralizing TGF-β and stimulating immune cells, can be safely administered systemically to reduce SNCs and alleviate SASP in mice. In the diabetic db/db mouse model, subcutaneous administration of HCW9218 reduced senescent islet β cells and SASP resulting in improved glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and aging index. In naturally aged mice, subcutaneous administration of HCW9218 durably reduced the level of SNCs and SASP, leading to lower expression of pro-inflammatory genes in peripheral organs. HCW9218 treatment also reverted the pattern of key regulatory circadian gene expression in aged mice to levels observed in young mice and impacted genes associated with metabolism and fibrosis in the liver. Single-nucleus RNA Sequencing analysis further revealed that HCW9218 treatment differentially changed the transcriptomic landscape of hepatocyte subtypes involving metabolic, signaling, cell-cycle, and senescence-associated pathways in naturally aged mice. Long-term survival studies also showed that HCW9218 treatment improved physical performance without compromising the health span of naturally aged mice. Thus, HCW9218 represents a novel immunotherapeutic approach and a clinically promising new class of senotherapeutic agents targeting cellular senescence-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bai Liu
- HCW Biologics Inc.MiramarFloridaUSA
| | - Mark Foster
- Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Lynne Marsala
- Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Pamela Wong
- Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Celia C. Cubitt
- Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jennifer A. Foltz
- Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jennifer Tran
- Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Karin Hsiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFloridaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin Kong
- HCW Biologics Inc.MiramarFloridaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard Deth
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Todd A. Fehniger
- Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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11
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Wang Z, Chen G. Immune regulation in neurovascular units after traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106060. [PMID: 36871640 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Survivors may experience movement disorders, memory loss, and cognitive deficits. However, there is a lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The immune regulation process of TBI involves changes in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) immunity, and intracranial blood vessels are essential communication centers. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is responsible for coupling blood flow with brain activity, and comprises endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocyte end-feet, and vast regulatory nerve terminals. A stable NVU is the basis for normal brain function. The concept of the NVU emphasizes that cell-cell interactions between different types of cells are essential for maintaining brain homeostasis. Previous studies have explored the effects of immune system changes after TBI. The NVU can help us further understand the immune regulation process. Herein, we enumerate the paradoxes of primary immune activation and chronic immunosuppression. We describe the changes in immune cells, cytokines/chemokines, and neuroinflammation after TBI. The post-immunomodulatory changes in NVU components are discussed, and research exploring immune changes in the NVU pattern is also described. Finally, we summarize immune regulation therapies and drugs after TBI. Therapies and drugs that focus on immune regulation have shown great potential for neuroprotection. These findings will help us further understand the pathological processes after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China.
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12
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Wang S, Zhu T, Ni W, Zhou C, Zhou H, Lin L, Hu Y, Sun X, Han J, Zhou Y, Jin G, Zu J, Shi H, Yang X, Zhang Z, Hua F. Early activation of Toll-like receptor-3 reduces the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease in APP/PS1 mouse. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:33. [PMID: 36797783 PMCID: PMC9933297 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays an important role in the immune/inflammatory response in the nervous system and is a main pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigates the role of early activation of TLR3 in the pathophysiological process of AD. METHODS In the experiment, the agonist of TLR3, Poly(I:C), was intraperitoneally injected into the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and wild-type control mice starting from the age of 4 to 9 months. At the age of 14 months, behavioral tests were conducted. Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining were used to evaluate the level of amyloid β-protein (Aβ), the activation of inflammatory cells, and neuron loss. In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the early activation of TLR3 attenuated neuronal loss and neurobehavioral dysfunction. Moreover, the early activation of TLR3 reduced Aβ deposition, inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and decreased the transcription of pro-inflammatory factors in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the activation of TLR3 by Poly (I:C) in the early stage of development of AD in a mouse model attenuated neuron loss and improved neurobehavioral functions. The underlying mechanisms could be attributed to its role in Aβ clearance, the inhibition of glial cells, and the regulation of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Human Anatomy, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Taiyang Zhu
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wanyan Ni
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuting Hu
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.452511.6Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Jin
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jie Zu
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Shi
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Yang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zuohui Zhang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fang Hua
- Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. .,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. .,Department of Interdisciplinary Health Science, College of Allied Health Science, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, USA.
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13
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Bao W, Sun Y, Lin Y, Yang X, Chen Z. An integrated analysis of gut microbiota and the brain transcriptome reveals host-gut microbiota interactions following traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2023; 1799:148149. [PMID: 36335996 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent evidence suggests that there is a link between gut and brain via microbial, immune, endocrine and neural signaling pathways, but the changes of gut-brain axis following brain trauma has not yet been clearly shown. The aim of this study was to reveal the gut microbiota and transcriptomic profile of the cerebral cortex in traumatic brain injury (TBI) mice. METHODS A controlled cortical impact (CCI) device was used to establish a TBI model. Behavioral testing and histopathological analysis were performed. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, and gene expression in the cerebral cortex was detected by whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) 7 days after TBI. RESULTS The analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing data indicated that TBI increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium. The TBI group showed a disturbance in intestinal flora. RNA-Seq analysis identified 523 differentially expressed genes (481 upregulated and 42 downregulated) in the cerebral cortex of the TBI group compared with the sham group. Cluster analysis revealed 93 immune system process-related genes and 55 inflammatory response-related genes that were differentially expressed. CONCLUSIONS This manuscript reports pathogenic changes via the gut-brain axis driven by TBI, which confer persistent symptoms and susceptibility to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxiao Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zuobing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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14
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Shehjar F, Maktabi B, Rahman ZA, Bahader GA, James AW, Naqvi A, Mahajan R, Shah ZA. Stroke: Molecular mechanisms and therapies: Update on recent developments. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105458. [PMID: 36460240 PMCID: PMC9839659 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Stroke, a neurological disease, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, resulting in long-term disability in most survivors. Annual stroke costs in the United States alone were estimated at $46 billion recently. Stroke pathophysiology is complex, involving multiple causal factors, among which atherosclerosis, thrombus, and embolus are prevalent. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology are essential to understanding targeted drug development. Some common mechanisms are excitotoxicity and calcium overload, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. In addition, various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors increase the chances of stroke manifolds. Once a patient encounters a stroke, complete restoration of motor ability and cognitive skills is often rare. Therefore, shaping therapeutic strategies is paramount for finding a viable therapeutic agent. Apart from tPA, an FDA-approved therapy that is applied in most stroke cases, many other therapeutic strategies have been met with limited success. Stroke therapies often involve a combination of multiple strategies to restore the patient's normal function. Certain drugs like Gamma-aminobutyric receptor agonists (GABA), Glutamate Receptor inhibitors, Sodium, and Calcium channel blockers, and fibrinogen-depleting agents have shown promise in stroke treatment. Recently, a drug, DM199, a recombinant (synthetic) form of a naturally occurring protein called human tissue kallikrein-1 (KLK1), has shown great potential in treating stroke with fewer side effects. Furthermore, DM199 has been found to overcome the limitations presented when using tPA and/or mechanical thrombectomy. Cell-based therapies like Neural Stem Cells, Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCB-MSCs) are also being explored as a treatment of choice for stroke. These therapeutic agents come with merits and demerits, but continuous research and efforts are being made to develop the best therapeutic strategies to minimize the damage post-stroke and restore complete neurological function in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Shehjar
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Briana Maktabi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zainab A Rahman
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ghaith A Bahader
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Antonisamy William James
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ahmed Naqvi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Reetika Mahajan
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
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15
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Chiu LS, Anderton RS. The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in long-term neurodegenerative processes following traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:400-418. [PMID: 36494087 PMCID: PMC10107147 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be a devastating and debilitating disease to endure. Due to improvements in clinical practice, declining mortality rates have led to research into the long-term consequences of TBI. For example, the incidence and severity of TBI have been associated with an increased susceptibility of developing neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms linking this alarming association are yet to be fully understood. Recently, there has been a groundswell of evidence implicating the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Interestingly, survivors of TBI often report gastrointestinal complaints and animal studies have demonstrated gastrointestinal dysfunction and dysbiosis following injury. Autonomic dysregulation and chronic inflammation appear to be the main driver of these pathologies. Consequently, this review will explore the potential role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of neurodegenerative diseases following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shan Chiu
- School of Medicine, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Zhuo B, Deng S, Li B, Zhu W, Zhang M, Qin C, Meng Z. Possible Effects of Acupuncture in Poststroke Aphasia. Behav Neurol 2023; 2023:9445381. [PMID: 37091130 PMCID: PMC10115536 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9445381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural plasticity promotes the reorganization of language networks and is an essential recovery mechanism for poststroke aphasia (PSA). Neuroplasticity may be a pivotal bridge to elucidate the potential recovery mechanisms of acupuncture for aphasia. Therefore, understanding the neuroplasticity mechanism of acupuncture in PSA is crucial. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanism of neuroplasticity in PSA after acupuncture needs to be explored. Excitotoxicity after brain injury affects the activity of neurotransmitters and disrupts the transmission of normal neuron information. Thus, a helpful strategy of acupuncture might be to improve PSA by affecting the availability of these neurotransmitters and glutamate receptors at synapses. In addition, the regulation of neuroplasticity by acupuncture may also be related to the regulation of astrocytes. Considering the guiding significance of acupuncture for clinical treatment, it is necessary to carry out further study about the influence of acupuncture on the recovery of aphasia after stroke. This study summarizes the current research on the neural mechanism of acupuncture in treating PSA. It seeks to elucidate the potential effect of acupuncture on the recovery of PSA from the perspective of synaptic plasticity and integrity of gray and white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifang Zhuo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Shizhe Deng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Boxuan Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Menglong Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenyang Qin
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihong Meng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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17
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Chen J, Huang F, Fang X, Li S, Liang Y. Silencing TLR4 using an ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-based shRNA system reduces ischemia-induced seizures in hyperglycemic rats. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1689-1697. [PMID: 36619717 PMCID: PMC9795576 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway is involved in seizures. We investigated whether ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD)-mediated delivery of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting the TLR4 gene (shRNA-TLR4) can reduce ischemia-induced seizures in rats with hyperglycemia. A total of 100 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: (1) Sham; (2) normal saline (NS); (3) shRNA-TLR4, where rats were injected with shRNA-TLR4; (4) shRNA-TLR4 + US, where rats were injected with shRNA-TLR4 followed by ultrasound (US) irradiation; and (5) shRNA-TLR4 + microbubbles (MBs) + US, where rats were injected with shRNA-TLR4 mixed with MBs followed by US irradiation. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to measure TLR4-positive cells. Half of the rats in the NS group developed tonic-clonic seizures, and TLR4 expression in the CA3 region of the hippocampus was increased in these rats. In addition, the NS group showed an increased number of TLR4-positive cells compared with the Sham group, while there was a decreased number of TLR4-positive cells in the shRNA, shRNA + US, and shRNA + MBs + US groups. Our findings indicate that the TLR4 pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia-induced seizures in hyperglycemic rats and that UTMD technology may be a promising strategy to treat brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Fami Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - Xiaobo Fang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Siying Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yanling Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510150, China,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, China
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18
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Hassanein EH, Saleh FM, Ali FE, Rashwan EK, Atwa AM, Abd El-Ghafar OA. Neuroprotective effect of canagliflozin against cisplatin-induced cerebral cortex injury is mediated by regulation of HO-1/PPAR-γ, SIRT1/FOXO-3, JNK/AP-1, TLR4/iNOS, and Ang II/Ang 1-7 signals. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 45:304-316. [PMID: 36326099 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2143371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emad H.M. Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Fayez M Saleh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares E.M. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Eman K. Rashwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnia A.M. Abd El-Ghafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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19
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Qin C, Yang S, Chu YH, Zhang H, Pang XW, Chen L, Zhou LQ, Chen M, Tian DS, Wang W. Signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:215. [PMID: 35794095 PMCID: PMC9259607 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow, which induces severe neural injuries, and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Thus, it is of great necessity to further detailly elucidate the mechanisms of ischemic stroke and find out new therapies against the disease. In recent years, efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, including cellular excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, cell death processes, and neuroinflammation. In the meantime, a plethora of signaling pathways, either detrimental or neuroprotective, are also highly involved in the forementioned pathophysiology. These pathways are closely intertwined and form a complex signaling network. Also, these signaling pathways reveal therapeutic potential, as targeting these signaling pathways could possibly serve as therapeutic approaches against ischemic stroke. In this review, we describe the signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke and categorize them based on the pathophysiological processes they participate in. Therapeutic approaches targeting these signaling pathways, which are associated with the pathophysiology mentioned above, are also discussed. Meanwhile, clinical trials regarding ischemic stroke, which potentially target the pathophysiology and the signaling pathways involved, are summarized in details. Conclusively, this review elucidated potential molecular mechanisms and related signaling pathways underlying ischemic stroke, and summarize the therapeutic approaches targeted various pathophysiology, with particular reference to clinical trials and future prospects for treating ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yun-Hui Chu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Pang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Luo-Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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20
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Protective effects of fraxin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by mediating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress through PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway. Brain Res Bull 2022; 187:49-62. [PMID: 35772607 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Fraxin, one of the primary active ingredients of Cortex Fraxini, may have potent anti-inflammatory activity. This study intended to investigate the function and mechanism of fraxin in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. METHODS A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model was engineered. Both in-vivo and in-vitro models were dealt with Fraxin. The profiles of inflammation-concerned cytokines, proteins and oxidative stress factors were determined by RT-PCR, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and neuronal apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. The neurological functions of rats were evaluated by Morris water maze and modified neurological severity scores (mNSS). RESULTS The data revealed that fraxin abated the OGD/R-mediated release of inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators, enhanced "M2″-like BV2 microglia polarization, and mitigated HT22 cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, fraxin boosted PPAR-γ expression, activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and suppressed NF-κB, IKK-β,p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and Keap1 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, attenuating PPAR-γ through pharmacological treatment with GW9662 (a PPAR-γ antagonist) mainly weakened the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory functions of fraxin. CONCLUSION Fraxin could considerably ameliorate cerebral I/R damage by repressing oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis through abrogating the PPARγ/ NF-κB pathway.
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21
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Mahmoudi A, Heydari S, Markina YV, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Role of statins in regulating molecular pathways following traumatic brain injury: A system pharmacology study. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113304. [PMID: 35724514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious disorder with debilitating physical and psychological complications. Previous studies have indicated that genetic factors have a critical role in modulating the secondary phase of injury in TBI. Statins have interesting pleiotropic properties such as antiapoptotic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects, which make them a suitable class of drugs for repurposing in TBI. In this study, we aimed to explore how statins modulate proteins and pathways involved in TBI using system pharmacology. We first explored the target associations with statins in two databases to discover critical clustering groups, candidate hub and critical hub genes in the network of TBI, and the possible connections of statins with TBI-related genes. Our results showed 1763 genes associated with TBI. Subsequently, the analysis of centralities in the PPI network displayed 55 candidate hub genes and 15 hub genes. Besides, MCODE analysis based on threshold score:10 determined four modular clusters. Intersection analysis of genes related to TBI and statins demonstrated 204 shared proteins, which suggested that statins influence 31 candidate hub and 9 hub genes. Moreover, statins had the highest interaction with MCODE1. The biological processes of the 31 shared proteins are related to gene expression, inflammation, antioxidant activity, and cell proliferation. Biological enriched pathways showed Programmed Cell Death proteins, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway as top clusters. In conclusion, statins could target several critical post-TBI genes mainly involved in inflammation and apoptosis, supporting the previous research results as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177899191, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sahar Heydari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Yuliya V Markina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBI "Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418, Moscow, the Russian Federation
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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22
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Zheng RZ, Lee KY, Qi ZX, Wang Z, Xu ZY, Wu XH, Mao Y. Neuroinflammation Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Take It Seriously or Not. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855701. [PMID: 35392083 PMCID: PMC8981520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high mortality and disability, with a substantial socioeconomic burden. With the standardization of the treatment process, there is increasing interest in the role that the secondary insult of TBI plays in outcome heterogeneity. The secondary insult is neither detrimental nor beneficial in an absolute sense, among which the inflammatory response was a complex cascade of events and can thus be regarded as a double-edged sword. Therefore, clinicians should take the generation and balance of neuroinflammation following TBI seriously. In this review, we summarize the current human and animal model studies of neuroinflammation and provide a better understanding of the inflammatory response in the different stages of TBI. In particular, advances in neuroinflammation using proteomic and transcriptomic techniques have enabled us to identify a functional specific delineation of the immune cell in TBI patients. Based on recent advances in our understanding of immune cell activation, we present the difference between diffuse axonal injury and focal brain injury. In addition, we give a figurative profiling of the general paradigm in the pre- and post-injury inflammatory settings employing a bow-tie framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zhe Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuin-Yu Lee
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University Institute of Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Xin Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Yu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Hai Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Neural stem cell therapy in conjunction with curcumin loaded in niosomal nanoparticles enhanced recovery from traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3572. [PMID: 35246564 PMCID: PMC8897489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a great amount of effort, there is still a need for reliable treatments of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recently, stem cell therapy has emerged as a new avenue to address neuronal regeneration after TBI. However, the environment of TBI lesions exerts negative effects on the stem cells efficacy. Therefore, to maximize the beneficial effects of stem cells in the course of TBI, we evaluated the effect of human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNS/PCs) and curcumin-loaded niosome nanoparticles (CM-NPs) on behavioral changes, brain edema, gliosis, and inflammatory responses in a rat model of TBI. After TBI, hNS/PCs were transplanted within the injury site and CM-NPs were orally administered for 10 days. Finally, the effect of combination therapy was compared to several control groups. Our results indicated a significant improvement of general locomotor activity in the hNS/PCs + CM-NPs treatment group compared to the control groups. We also observed a significant improvement in brain edema in the hNS/PCs + CM-NPs treatment group compared to the other groups. Furthermore, a significant decrease in astrogliosis was seen in the combined treatment group. Moreover, TLR4-, NF-κB-, and TNF-α- positive cells were significantly decreased in hNS/PCs + CM-NPs group compared to the control groups. Taken together, this study indicated that combination therapy of stem cells with CM-NPs can be an effective therapy for TBI.
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24
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Shirayama Y, Iwata M, Fujita Y, Oda Y, Hashimoto K. The Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist TAK-242 induces antidepressant-like effects in a rat learned helplessness model of depression through BDNF-TrkB signaling and AMPA receptor activation. Behav Brain Res 2022; 423:113769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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25
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Yuan M, Wu H. Astrocytes in the Traumatic Brain Injury: the Good and the Bad. Exp Neurol 2021; 348:113943. [PMID: 34863998 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes control many processes of the nervous system in health and disease, and respond to injury quickly. Astrocytes produce neuroprotective factors in the injured brain to clear cellular debris and to orchestrate neurorestorative processes that are beneficial for neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, astrocytes also become dysregulated and produce cytotoxic mediators that hinder CNS repair by induction of neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Hence, we discuss the potential role of astrocytes in neuropathological processes such as neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and blood-brain barrier repair after TBI. Thus, an improved understanding of the dual role of astrocytes may advance our knowledge of post-brain injury recovery, and provide opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), 102206 Beijing, China.
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26
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Liu M, Zhang SS, Liu DN, Yang YL, Wang YH, Du GH. Chrysomycin A Attenuates Neuroinflammation by Down-Regulating NLRP3/Cleaved Caspase-1 Signaling Pathway in LPS-Stimulated Mice and BV2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136799. [PMID: 34202695 PMCID: PMC8268846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysomycin A (Chr-A), an antibiotic chrysomycin, was discovered in 1955 and is used to treat cancer and tuberculosis. In the present study, the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and possible mechanism of Chr-A in BALB/c mice and in BV2 microglia cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated. Firstly, the cortex tissues of mice were analyzed by RNA-seq transcriptome to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by Chr-A in LPS-stimulated mice. Inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory proteins were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. In RNAseq detection, 639 differential up-regulated genes between the control group and LPS model group and 113 differential down-regulated genes between the LPS model group and Chr-A treatment group were found, and 70 overlapping genes were identified as key genes for Chr-A against neuroinflammation. Subsequent GO biological process enrichment analysis showed that the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of Chr-A might be related to the response to cytokine, cellular response to cytokine stimulus, and regulation of immune system process. The significant signaling pathways of KEGG enrichment analysis were mainly involved in TNF signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NF-κB signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Our results of in vivo or in vitro experiments showed that the levels of pro-inflammatory factors including NO, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17, TNF-α, MCP-1, CXCL12, GM-CSF and COX2 in the LPS-stimulated group were higher than those in the control group, while Chr-A reversed those conditions. Furthermore, the Western blot analysis showed that its anti-neuroinflammation appeared to be related to the down-regulation of NLRP3/cleaved caspase-1 signaling pathway. The current findings provide new insights into the activity and molecular mechanisms of Chr-A for the treatment of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (M.L.); (S.-S.Z.); (D.-N.L.); (Y.-L.Y.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (M.L.); (S.-S.Z.); (D.-N.L.); (Y.-L.Y.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dong-Ni Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (M.L.); (S.-S.Z.); (D.-N.L.); (Y.-L.Y.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (M.L.); (S.-S.Z.); (D.-N.L.); (Y.-L.Y.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (M.L.); (S.-S.Z.); (D.-N.L.); (Y.-L.Y.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.W.); (G.-H.D.)
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (M.L.); (S.-S.Z.); (D.-N.L.); (Y.-L.Y.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.W.); (G.-H.D.)
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27
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Ashayeri Ahmadabad R, Mirzaasgari Z, Gorji A, Khaleghi Ghadiri M. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways: Novel Therapeutic Targets for Cerebrovascular Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116153. [PMID: 34200356 PMCID: PMC8201279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a class of pattern recognition proteins, play an integral role in the modulation of systemic inflammatory responses. Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of pathological conditions that temporarily or permanently affect the brain tissue mostly via the decrease of oxygen and glucose supply. TLRs have a critical role in the activation of inflammatory cascades following hypoxic-ischemic events and subsequently contribute to neuroprotective or detrimental effects of CVD-induced neuroinflammation. The TLR signaling pathway and downstream cascades trigger immune responses via the production and release of various inflammatory mediators. The present review describes the modulatory role of the TLR signaling pathway in the inflammatory responses developed following various CVDs and discusses the potential benefits of the modulation of different TLRs in the improvement of functional outcomes after brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezan Ashayeri Ahmadabad
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 1996835911, Iran; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zahra Mirzaasgari
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 1996835911, Iran; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1593747811, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 1996835911, Iran; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.)
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-8355564; Fax: +49-251-8347479
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28
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Creed J, Cantillana-Riquelme V, Yan BH, Ma S, Chu D, Wang H, Turner DA, Laskowitz DT, Hoffmann U. Argon Inhalation for 24 h After Closed-Head Injury Does not Improve Recovery, Neuroinflammation, or Neurologic Outcome in Mice. Neurocrit Care 2021; 34:833-843. [PMID: 32959200 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE In recent years, the noble gas argon (Ar) has been extensively studied for its organ protection properties. While mounting in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates that argon provides neuroprotection in ischemic brain injury, its neuroprotective potential in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been evaluated in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that prolonged inhalation of 70% or 79% argon for 24 h after closed-head injury (CHI) improves neurologic outcome and overall recovery at 36 days post-injury. We also compared effects of the 30% or 21% residual oxygen on argon's potential neuroprotective capacity. METHODS Adult male C57/black mice (n = 240) were subjected to closed-head traumatic brain injury, followed by inhalation of 70% argon or nitrogen (30% oxygen), or 79% argon or nitrogen (21% oxygen) for 24 h. Neurologic outcome (rotarod, neuroscore, and Morris water maze) was evaluated for up to 36 days post-injury. Histologic parameters of neurologic degeneration (Fluoro-Jade staining) and inflammation (F4/80 microglia immunostaining) were assessed in subgroups at 24 h and on post-injury day 7. RESULTS Our CHI protocol consistently resulted in significant brain injury. After argon inhalation for 24 h at either concentration, mice did not show significant improvement with regard to neuroscores, rotarod performance, Morris water maze performance, or overall recovery (body weight), compared to nitrogen controls, up to 36 days. At 7 days post-injury, histologic markers of neurodegeneration and inflammation, particularly in the hippocampus, consistently demonstrated significant injury. Notably, recovery was reduced in mice treated with the higher oxygen concentration (30%) after CHI compared to 21%. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged argon treatment did not improve neurologic outcome, overall recovery (weight), nor markers of neurodegeneration or neuroinflammation after significant CHI compared to nitrogen. While neuroprotective in predominately ischemic injury, argon did not provide protection after TBI in this model, highlighting the crucial importance of assessing argon's strengths and weaknesses in preclinical models to fully understand its organ protective potential in different pathologies and gas mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Creed
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Bai Hui Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection (CPOP), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi Province, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection (CPOP), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Dongmei Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection (CPOP), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Haichen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dennis A Turner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection (CPOP), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology, and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel T Laskowitz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection (CPOP), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ulrike Hoffmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection (CPOP), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Dual Roles of Microglia in the Basal Ganglia in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083907. [PMID: 33918947 PMCID: PMC8070536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing age of the population, the incidence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has increased exponentially. The development of novel therapeutic interventions requires an understanding of the involvement of senescent brain cells in the pathogenesis of PD. In this review, we highlight the roles played by microglia in the basal ganglia in the pathophysiological processes of PD. In PD, dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) activates the microglia, which then promote DAergic neuronal degeneration by releasing potentially neurotoxic factors, including nitric oxide, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, microglia are also activated in the basal ganglia outputs (the substantia nigra pars reticulata and the globus pallidus) in response to excess glutamate released from hyperactive subthalamic nuclei-derived synapses. The activated microglia then eliminate the hyperactive glutamatergic synapses. Synapse elimination may be the mechanism underlying the compensation that masks the appearance of PD symptoms despite substantial DAergic neuronal loss. Microglial senescence may correlate with their enhanced neurotoxicity in the SNc and the reduced compensatory actions in the basal ganglia outputs. The dual roles of microglia in different basal ganglia regions make it difficult to develop interventions targeting microglia for PD treatment.
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30
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Qin L, Zou J, Barnett A, Vetreno RP, Crews FT, Coleman LG. TRAIL Mediates Neuronal Death in AUD: A Link between Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2547. [PMID: 33806288 PMCID: PMC7961445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the cause of progressive neurodegeneration is often unclear, neuronal death can occur through several mechanisms. In conditions such as Alzheimer's or alcohol use disorder (AUD), Toll-like receptor (TLR) induction is observed with neurodegeneration. However, links between TLR activation and neurodegeneration are lacking. We report a role of apoptotic neuronal death in AUD through TLR7-mediated induction of death receptor signaling. In postmortem human cortex, a two-fold increase in apoptotic terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining in neurons was found in AUD versus controls. This occurred with the increased expression of TLR7 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) death receptors. Binge ethanol treatment in C57BL/6 mice increased TLR7 and induced neuronal apoptosis in cortical regions that was blocked by TLR7 antagonism. Mechanistic studies in primary organotypic brain slice culture (OBSC) found that the inhibition of TLR7 and its endogenous ligand let-7b blocked ethanol-induced neuronal cell death. Both IMQ and ethanol induced the expression of TRAIL and its death receptor. In addition, TRAIL-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies blocked both imiquimod (IMQ) and ethanol induced neuronal death. These findings implicate TRAIL as a mediator of neuronal apoptosis downstream of TLR7 activation. TLR7 and neuronal apoptosis are implicated in other neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, TRAIL may represent a therapeutic target to slow neurodegeneration in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Qin
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Jian Zou
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Alexandra Barnett
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Ryan P. Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Fulton T. Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leon G. Coleman
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Balan I, Aurelian L, Schleicher R, Boero G, O'Buckley T, Morrow AL. Neurosteroid allopregnanolone (3α,5α-THP) inhibits inflammatory signals induced by activated MyD88-dependent toll-like receptors. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:145. [PMID: 33637705 PMCID: PMC7909379 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that endogenous neurosteroids, including pregnenolone and 3α,5α-THP inhibit toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal activation in mouse macrophages and the brain of alcohol-preferring (P) rat, which exhibits innate TLR4 signal activation. The current studies were designed to examine whether other activated TLR signals are similarly inhibited by 3α,5α-THP. We report that 3α,5α-THP inhibits selective agonist-mediated activation of TLR2 and TLR7, but not TLR3 signaling in the RAW246.7 macrophage cell line. The TLR4 and TLR7 signals are innately activated in the amygdala and NAc from P rat brains and inhibited by 3α,5α-THP. The TLR2 and TLR3 signals are not activated in P rat brain and they are not affected by 3α,5α-THP. Co-immunoprecipitation studies indicate that 3α,5α-THP inhibits the binding of MyD88 with TLR4 or TLR7 in P rat brain, but the levels of TLR4 co-precipitating with TRIF are not altered by 3α,5α-THP treatment. Collectively, the data indicate that 3α,5α-THP inhibits MyD88- but not TRIF-dependent TLR signal activation and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators through its ability to block TLR-MyD88 binding. These results have applicability to many conditions involving pro-inflammatory TLR activation of cytokines, chemokines, and interferons and support the use of 3α,5α-THP as a therapeutic for inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balan
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Laure Aurelian
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Riana Schleicher
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Giorgia Boero
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Todd O'Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - A Leslie Morrow
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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32
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Sharma S, Tiarks G, Haight J, Bassuk AG. Neuropathophysiological Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies for Post-traumatic Epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:612073. [PMID: 33708071 PMCID: PMC7940684 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.612073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death in young adults and a risk factor for acquired epilepsy. Severe TBI, after a period of time, causes numerous neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative problems with varying comorbidities; and brain homeostasis may never be restored. As a consequence of disrupted equilibrium, neuropathological changes such as circuit remodeling, reorganization of neural networks, changes in structural and functional plasticity, predisposition to synchronized activity, and post-translational modification of synaptic proteins may begin to dominate the brain. These pathological changes, over the course of time, contribute to conditions like Alzheimer disease, dementia, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). PTE is one of the most common, devastating complications of TBI; and of those affected by a severe TBI, more than 50% develop PTE. The etiopathology and mechanisms of PTE are either unknown or poorly understood, which makes treatment challenging. Although anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are used as preventive strategies to manage TBI, control acute seizures and prevent development of PTE, their efficacy in PTE remains controversial. In this review, we discuss novel mechanisms and risk factors underlying PTE. We also discuss dysfunctions of neurovascular unit, cell-specific neuroinflammatory mediators and immune response factors that are vital for epileptogenesis after TBI. Finally, we describe current and novel treatments and management strategies for preventing PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunik Sharma
- Medical Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Grant Tiarks
- Medical Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Joseph Haight
- Medical Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Medical Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Yang MS, Xu XJ, Zhang B, Niu F, Liu BY. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of rat versus mouse cerebral cortex after traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1235-1243. [PMID: 33318400 PMCID: PMC8284282 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.301028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced secondary injury has greatly hampered the development of effective treatments for TBI patients. Targeting common processes across species may be an innovative strategy to combat debilitating TBI. In the present study, a cross-species transcriptome comparison was performed for the first time to determine the fundamental processes of secondary brain injury in Sprague-Dawley rat and C57/BL6 mouse models of TBI, caused by acute controlled cortical impact. The RNA sequencing data from the mouse model of TBI were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (ID: GSE79441) at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. For the rat data, peri-injury cerebral cortex samples were collected for transcriptomic analysis 24 hours after TBI. Differentially expressed gene-based functional analysis revealed that common features between the two species were mainly involved in the regulation and activation of the innate immune response, including complement cascades as well as Toll-like and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor pathways. These findings were further corroborated by gene set enrichment analysis. Moreover, transcription factor analysis revealed that the families of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT), basic leucine zipper (BZIP), Rel homology domain (RHD), and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) transcription factors play vital regulatory roles in the pathophysiological processes of TBI, and are also largely associated with inflammation. These findings suggest that targeting the common innate immune response might be a promising therapeutic approach for TBI. The animal experimental procedures were approved by the Beijing Neurosurgical Institute Animal Care and Use Committee (approval No. 201802001) on June 6, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-Yun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute; Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury and Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; Nerve Injury and Repair Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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Hu Y, Sun X, Wang S, Zhou C, Lin L, Ding X, Han J, Zhou Y, Jin G, Wang Y, Zhang W, Shi H, Zhang Z, Yang X, Hua F. Toll-like receptor-2 gene knockout results in neurobehavioral dysfunctions and multiple brain structural and functional abnormalities in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:257-266. [PMID: 33069798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), a member of TLR family, plays an important role in the induction and regulation of immune/inflammation. TLR2 gene knockout (TLR2KO) mice have been widely used for animal models of neurological diseases. Since there is close relationship between immune system and neurobehavioral functions, it is important to clarify the exact role of TLR2 defect itself in neurobehavioral functions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of TLR2KO on neurobehavioral functions in mice and the mechanisms underlying the observed changes. METHODS Male TLR2KO and wild type (WT) mice aged 3, 7, and 12 months were used for neurobehavioral testing and detection of protein expression by Western blot. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electrophysiological recording, and Evans blue (EB) assay were applied to evaluate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), synaptic function, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in 12-month-old TLR2KO and age-matched WT mice. RESULTS Compared to WT mice, TLR2KO mice showed decreased cognitive function and locomotor activity, as well as increased anxiety, which developed from middle age (before 7-month-old) to old age. In addition, significantly reduced regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), inhibited long-term potentiation (LTP), and increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability were observed in 12-month-old TLR2KO mice. Furthermore, compared with age-matched WT mice, significant reduction in protein levels of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5) and increased neurofilament protein (SMI32) were observed in 7 and 12-month-old TLR2KO mice, and that myelin basic protein (MBP) decreased in 12-month-old TLR2KO mice. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that TLR2 defect resulted in significantly observable neurobehavioral dysfunctions in mice starting from middle age, as well as multiple abnormalities in brain structure, function, and molecular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Hu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaohui Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shenyang Medical College, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Guoliang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yuqiao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hongjuan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Zuohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, China.
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Swanson LC, Trujillo EA, Thiede GH, Katzenberger RJ, Shishkova E, Coon JJ, Ganetzky B, Wassarman DA. Survival Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila Is Increased by Heterozygosity for a Mutation of the NF-κB Innate Immune Response Transcription Factor Relish. Genetics 2020; 216:1117-1136. [PMID: 33109529 PMCID: PMC7768241 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathologies are caused by primary and secondary injuries. Primary injuries result from physical damage to the brain, and secondary injuries arise from cellular responses to primary injuries. A characteristic cellular response is sustained activation of inflammatory pathways commonly mediated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factors. Using a Drosophila melanogaster TBI model, we previously found that the main proximal transcriptional response to primary injuries is triggered by activation of Toll and Imd innate immune response pathways that engage NF-κB factors Dif and Relish (Rel), respectively. Here, we found by mass spectrometry that Rel protein level increased in fly heads at 4-8 hr after TBI. To investigate the necessity of Rel for secondary injuries, we generated a null allele, Reldel , by CRISPR/Cas9 editing. When heterozygous but not homozygous, the Reldel mutation reduced mortality at 24 hr after TBI and increased the lifespan of injured flies. Additionally, the effect of heterozygosity for Reldel on mortality was modulated by genetic background and diet. To identify genes that facilitate effects of Reldel on TBI outcomes, we compared genome-wide mRNA expression profiles of uninjured and injured +/+, +/Reldel , and Reldel /Reldel flies at 4 hr following TBI. Only a few genes changed expression more than twofold in +/Reldel flies relative to +/+ and Reldel /Reldel flies, and they were not canonical innate immune response genes. Therefore, Rel is necessary for TBI-induced secondary injuries but in complex ways involving Rel gene dose, genetic background, diet, and possibly small changes in expression of innate immune response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Swanson
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Edna A Trujillo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Letters & Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Gene H Thiede
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Rebeccah J Katzenberger
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Letters & Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Barry Ganetzky
- Department of Genetics, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - David A Wassarman
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Natural Cinnamaldehyde and Its Derivatives Ameliorate Neuroinflammatory Pathways in Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1034325. [PMID: 33274192 PMCID: PMC7683109 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1034325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are devastating and incurable disorders characterized by neuronal dysfunction. The major focus of experimental and clinical studies are conducted on the effects of natural products and their active components on neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss an herbal constituent known as cinnamaldehyde (CA) with the neuroprotective potential to treat neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulating evidence supports the notion that CA displays neuroprotective effects in AD and PD animal models by modulating neuroinflammation, suppressing oxidative stress, and improving the synaptic connection. CA exerts these effects through its action on multiple signaling pathways, including TLR4/NF-κB, NLRP3, ERK1/2-MEK, NO, and Nrf2 pathways. To summarize, CA and its derivatives have been shown to improve pathological changes in AD and PD animal models, which may provide a new therapeutic option for neurodegenerative interventions. To this end, further experimental and clinical studies are required to prove the neuroprotective effects of CA and its derivatives.
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Swanson LC, Rimkus SA, Ganetzky B, Wassarman DA. Loss of the Antimicrobial Peptide Metchnikowin Protects Against Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in Drosophila melanogaster. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:3109-3119. [PMID: 32631949 PMCID: PMC7466987 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a major pathophysiological feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Early and persistent activation of innate immune response signaling pathways by primary injuries is associated with secondary cellular injuries that cause TBI outcomes to change over time. We used a Drosophila melanogaster model to investigate the role of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in acute and chronic outcomes of closed-head TBI. AMPs are effectors of pathogen and stress defense mechanisms mediated by the evolutionarily conserved Toll and Immune-deficiency (Imd) innate immune response pathways that activate Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factors. Here, we analyzed the effect of null mutations in 10 of the 14 known Drosophila AMP genes on TBI outcomes. We found that mutation of Metchnikowin (Mtk) was unique in protecting flies from mortality within the 24 h following TBI under two diet conditions that produce different levels of mortality. In addition, Mtk mutants had reduced behavioral deficits at 24 h following TBI and increased lifespan either in the absence or presence of TBI. Using a transcriptional reporter of gene expression, we found that TBI increased Mtk expression in the brain. Quantitative analysis of mRNA in whole flies revealed that expression of other AMPs in the Toll and Imd pathways as well as NF-κB transcription factors were not altered in Mtk mutants. Overall, these results demonstrate that Mtk plays an infection-independent role in the fly nervous system, and TBI-induced expression of Mtk in the brain activates acute and chronic secondary injury pathways that are also activated during normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Swanson
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Stacey A Rimkus
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Barry Ganetzky
- Department of Genetics, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - David A Wassarman
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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Amiresmaili S, Khaksari M, Shahrokhi N, Abolhassani M. Evolution of TLR4 role in mediating the hepatoprotective effects of estradiol after traumatic brain injury in male rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114044. [PMID: 32445868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that 17β-estradiol (E2) exerted beneficial effects on liver disease, and it has a protective impact on brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI-induced liver injury is associated with the activation of TLR4. However, it remains unknown whether E2 can modulate TBI-induced liver injury through TLR4. The objective of this study was to determine the role of TLR4 in hepatoprotective mechanisms of E2 after TBI. Diffuse TBI induced by the Marmarou model in male rats. TAK-242 as a selective antagonist of TLR4 (3 mg/kg) and E2 (33.3 μg/kg) were injected (i.p) respectively 30 min before and 30 min after TBI. The results showed that E2 and TAK-242 markedly inhibited TBI-induced liver injury, which was characterized by decreased aminotransferase activities, inhibition of the oxidative stress, and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-17 in the liver. We also found that TBI induced significant upregulation of TLR4 in the liver, with peak expression occurring 24 h after TBI, and that treatment with E2 significantly inhibited the upregulation of TLR4. Also, both classic [Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ)] and non-classic (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER) E2 receptors are involved in modulating the expression of TLR4. These results suggested that the hepatoprotective effects of estradiol after TBI may be mediated via the downregulation expression of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Amiresmaili
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Neuroscince and Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centers, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Ashayeri Ahmadabad R, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A. The role of Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in cerebrovascular disorders: the impact of spreading depolarization. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:108. [PMID: 32264928 PMCID: PMC7140571 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders that affect the blood supply to the brain and lead to the reduction of oxygen and glucose supply to the neurons and the supporting cells. Spreading depolarization (SD), a propagating wave of neuroglial depolarization, occurs in different CVDs. A growing amount of evidence suggests that the inflammatory responses following hypoxic-ischemic insults and after SD plays a double-edged role in brain tissue injury and clinical outcome; a beneficial effect in the acute phase and a destructive role in the late phase. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the activation of inflammatory cascades and subsequent neuroprotective or harmful effects after CVDs and SD. Here, we review current data regarding the pathophysiological role of TLR signaling pathways in different CVDs and discuss the role of SD in the potentiation of the inflammatory cascade in CVDs through the modulation of TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezan Ashayeri Ahmadabad
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Neuroscience research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yamaguchi A, Jitsuishi T, Hozumi T, Iwanami J, Kitajo K, Yamaguchi H, Mori Y, Mogi M, Sawai S. Temporal expression profiling of DAMPs-related genes revealed the biphasic post-ischemic inflammation in the experimental stroke model. Mol Brain 2020; 13:57. [PMID: 32264906 PMCID: PMC7137489 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroinflammation in the ischemic brain could occur as sterile inflammation in response to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). However, its long-term dynamic transcriptional changes remain poorly understood. It is also unknown whether this neuroinflammation contributes to the recovery or just deteriorates the outcome. The purpose of this study is to characterize the temporal transcriptional changes in the post-stroke brain focusing on DAMPs-related genes by RNA-sequencing during the period of 28 days. We conducted the RNA-sequencing on day 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 post-stroke in the mouse photothrombosis model. The gross morphological observation showed the ischemic lesion on the ipsilateral cortex turned into a scar with the clearance of cellular debris by day 28. The transcriptome analyses indicated that post-stroke period of 28 days was classified into four categories (I Baseline, II Acute, III Sub-acute-#1, IV Sub-acute-#2 phase). During this period, the well-known genes for DAMPs, receptors, downstream cascades, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and phagocytosis were transcriptionally increased. The gene ontology (GO) analysis of biological process indicated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are genetically programmed to achieve immune and inflammatory pathways. Interestingly, we found the biphasic induction of various genes, including DAMPs and pro-inflammatory factors, peaking at acute and sub-acute phases. At the sub-acute phase, we also observed the induction of genes for phagocytosis as well as regulatory and growth factors. Further, we found the activation of CREB (cAMP-response element binding protein), one of the key players for neuronal plasticity, in peri-ischemic neurons by immunohistochemistry at this phase. Taken together, these findings raise the possibility the recurrent inflammation occurs at the sub-acute phase in the post-stroke brain, which could be involved in the debris clearance as well as neural reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamaguchi
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Jitsuishi
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takashi Hozumi
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jun Iwanami
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsugawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Keiko Kitajo
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasutake Mori
- International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsugawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Setsu Sawai
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Liu GJ, Zhang QR, Gao X, Wang H, Tao T, Gao YY, Zhou Y, Chen XX, Li W, Hang CH. MiR-146a Ameliorates Hemoglobin-Induced Microglial Inflammatory Response via TLR4/IRAK1/TRAF6 Associated Pathways. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:311. [PMID: 32317924 PMCID: PMC7147172 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation and sustained inflammation in the brain can lead to neuronal damage. Hence, limiting microglial activation and brain inflammation is a good therapeutic strategy for inflammatory-associated central nervous disease. MiR-146a is a promising therapeutic microRNA, since it can negatively regulate the inflammatory response. We thus investigated the expression changes of miR-146a after experimental induction of a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in vivo and in vitro, and we assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of miR-146a in microglial cells in vitro. Primary microglial cells were preincubated with miR-146a before hemoglobin (Hb) treatment. The results indicated that miR-146a decreased gene expression of Hb-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and phenotype-related genes (iNOS and CD86) through IRAK1/TRAF6/NF-κB or MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting its pro-resolution activity in microglia. However, contrary to the LPS-induced microglia or macrophage activation model, we did not observe an elevation in miR-146a after activation. Overall, our findings demonstrated that miR-146a was involved in the regulation of brain inflammation and could be considered a novel therapeutic agent for treating brain inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Yue Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Tang YL, Fang LJ, Zhong LY, Jiang J, Dong XY, Feng Z. Hub genes and key pathways of traumatic brain injury: bioinformatics analysis and in vivo validation. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2262-2269. [PMID: 32594047 PMCID: PMC7749465 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms associated with secondary brain damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain unclear; therefore, identifying the critical molecular mechanisms involved in TBI is essential. The mRNA expression microarray GSE2871 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. GSE2871 comprises a total of 31 cerebral cortex samples, including two post-TBI time points. The microarray features eight control and seven TBI samples, from 4 hours post-TBI, and eight control and eight TBI samples from 24 hours post-TBI. In this bioinformatics-based study, 109 and 66 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat TBI model, 4 and 24 hours post-TBI, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the identified DEGs were significantly enriched in several terms, such as positive regulation of nuclear factor-κB transcription factor activity, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, negative regulation of apoptotic process, and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. Moreover, the hub genes with high connectivity degrees were primarily related to inflammatory mediators. To validate the top five hub genes, a rat model of TBI was established using the weight-drop method, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the cerebral cortex was performed. The results showed that compared with control rats, Tnf-α, c-Myc, Spp1, Cxcl10, Ptprc, Egf, Mmp9, and Lcn2 were upregulated, and Fn1 was downregulated in TBI rats. Among these hub genes, Fn1, c-Myc, and Ptprc may represent novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets for TBI. These identified pathways and key genes may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of TBI and provide potential treatment targets for patients with TBI. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (approval No. 003) in January 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Liang Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Long-Jun Fang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling-Yang Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Dong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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43
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Alshammari TK, Alghamdi H, Alkhader LF, Alqahtani Q, Alrasheed NM, Yacoub H, Alnaem N, AlNakiyah M, Alshammari MA. Analysis of the molecular and behavioral effects of acute social isolation on rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 377:112191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Singh S, Singh TG. Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Signalling in Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Mechanistic Approach. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:918-935. [PMID: 32031074 PMCID: PMC7709146 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200207120949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A transcriptional regulatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein is a modulator of cellular biological activity via binding to a promoter region in the nucleus and transcribing various protein genes. The recent research implicated the intensive role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in diseases like autoimmune disorder, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, targeting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein offers a new opportunity as a therapeutic approach. Activation of IκB kinase/NF-κB signaling pathway leads to the development of various pathological conditions in human beings, such as neurodegenerative, inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Therefore, the transcriptional activity of IκB kinase/NF- κB is strongly regulated at various cascade pathways. The nuclear factor NF-kB pathway plays a major role in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. In response to the diverse stimuli, the cytosolic sequestered NF-κB in an inactivated form by binding with an inhibitor molecule protein (IkB) gets phosphorylated and translocated into the nucleus further transcribing various genes necessary for modifying various cellular functions. The various researches confirmed the role of different family member proteins of NF-κB implicated in expressing various genes products and mediating various cellular cascades. MicroRNAs, as regulators of NF- κB microRNAs play important roles in the regulation of the inflammatory process. Therefore, the inhibitor of NF-κB and its family members plays a novel therapeutic target in preventing various diseases. Regulation of NF- κB signaling pathway may be a safe and effective treatment strategy for various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareen Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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45
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Sacramento CB, Sondhi D, Rosenberg JB, Chen A, Giordano S, Pey E, Lee V, Stiles KM, Havlicek DF, Leopold PL, Kaminsky SM, Crystal RG. Anti-Phospho-Tau Gene Therapy for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 31:57-69. [PMID: 31608704 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by repetitive trauma to the central nervous system (CNS) suffered by soldiers, contact sport athletes, and civilians following accident-related trauma. CTE is a CNS tauopathy, with trauma-induced inflammation leading to accumulation of hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule-binding protein Tau (pTau), resulting in neurofibrillary tangles and progressive loss of neurons. At present, there are no therapies to treat CTE. We hypothesized that direct CNS administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector coding for an anti-pTau antibody would generate sufficient levels of anti-pTau in the CNS to suppress pTau accumulation thus interrupting the pathogenic process. Using a serotype AAVrh.10 gene transfer vector coding for a monoclonal antibody directed against pTau, we demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy in a murine CTE model in which pTau accumulation was elicited by repeated traumatic brain injury (TBI) using a closed cortical impact procedure over 5 days. Direct delivery of AAVrh.10 expression vectors coding for either of the two different anti-pTau antibodies to the hippocampus of these TBI mice significantly reduced pTau levels across the CNS. Using doses that can be safely scaled to humans, the data demonstrate that CNS administration of AAVrh.10anti-pTau is effective, providing a new strategy to interrupt the CTE consequences of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dolan Sondhi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan B Rosenberg
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Alvin Chen
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie Giordano
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Eduard Pey
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Vladlena Lee
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Katie M Stiles
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - David F Havlicek
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Philip L Leopold
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Stephen M Kaminsky
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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46
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Luo Z, Su R, Wang W, Liang Y, Zeng X, Shereen MA, Bashir N, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Wu K, Liu Y, Wu J. EV71 infection induces neurodegeneration via activating TLR7 signaling and IL-6 production. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008142. [PMID: 31730654 PMCID: PMC6932824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As a neurotropic virus, human Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and may develop severe neurological disorders in infants. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) acts as an innate immune receptor and is also a death receptor in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of TLR7-mediated brain pathogenesis upon EV71 infection remain largely elusive. Here we reveal a novel mechanism by which EV71 infects astrocytes in the brain and induces neural pathogenesis via TLR7 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in C57BL/6 mice and in human astroglioma U251 cells. Upon EV71 infection, wild-type (WT) mice displayed more significant body weight loss, higher clinical scores, and lower survival rates as compared with TLR7-/- mice. In the cerebral cortex of EV71-infected mice, neurofilament integrity was disrupted, and inflammatory cell infiltration and neurodegeneration were induced in WT mice, whereas these were largely absent in TLR7-/- mice. Similarly, IL-6 production, Caspase-3 cleavage, and cell apoptosis were significantly higher in EV71-infected WT mice as compared with TLR7-/- mice. Moreover, EV71 preferentially infected and induced IL-6 in astrocytes of mice brain. In U251 cells, EV71-induced IL-6 production and cell apoptosis were suppressed by shRNA-mediated knockdown of TLR7 (shTLR7). Moreover, in the cerebral cortex of EV71-infected mice, the blockade of IL-6 with anti-IL-6 antibody (IL-6-Ab) restored the body weight loss, attenuated clinical scores, improved survival rates, reduced the disruption of neurofilament integrity, decreased cell apoptotic induction, and lowered levels of Caspase-3 cleavage. Similarly, in EV71-infected U251 cells, IL-6-Ab blocked EV71-induced IL-6 production and cell apoptosis in response to viral infection. Collectively, it’s exhibited TLR7 upregulation, IL-6 induction and astrocytic cell apoptosis in EV71-infected human brain. Taken together, we propose that EV71 infects astrocytes of the cerebral cortex in mice and human and triggers TLR7 signaling and IL-6 release, subsequently inducing neural pathogenesis in the brain. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection causes aseptic meningitis, poliomyelitis-like paralysis and fatal encephalitis in infants. Besides an immune receptor, toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) serves as a death receptor in central nervous system (CNS). However, the role of TLR7 in EV71-induced neural pathogenesis remains ambiguous. This study reveals a distinct mechanism by which EV71 induces neurodegeneration via TLR7 and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Upon EV71 infection, TLR7-/- mice displayed less body weight loss, lower clinical score, and higher survival rate as compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Meanwhile, a severer histopathologic neurofilaments disruption, neurodegeneration and cell apoptosis were observed in brain of EV71-infected WT mice. IL-6 release, cell apoptosis, and Caspase-3 cleavage were attenuated by shRNA targeting TLR7 (shTLR7) in EV71-infected U251 cells. Moreover, anti-IL-6 antibody (IL-6-Ab) suppressed EV71-induced body weight loss, clinical score increase, and survival rate decrease as well as neurofilaments disruption and neurodegeneration in mice, and it also attenuated EV71-induced cell apoptosis and Caspase-3 cleavage in U251 cells. It’s retrospectively observed that TLR7 upregulation, IL-6 induction and astrocytic cell apoptosis in EV71-infected human brain. Therefore, TLR7 is required for neural pathogenesis by IL-6 induction upon EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yicong Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shereen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nadia Bashir
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Ma Y, Liu T, Fu J, Fu S, Hu C, Sun B, Fan X, Zhu J. Lactobacillus acidophilus Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Mice with Traumatic Brain Injury. J Nutr 2019; 149:1543-1552. [PMID: 31174208 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes dysbiosis and intestinal barrier disruption, which further exacerbate brain damage via an inflammatory pathway. Gut microbiota remodeling by Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) is a potential intervention. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of LA in TBI and elucidated underlying mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice (aged 8-9 wk) were subjected to weight-drop impact and gavaged with saline (TBI + vehicle) or LA (1 × 1010 CFU) (TBI + LA) on the day of injury and each day after for 1, 3, or 7 d. The sham + vehicle mice underwent craniotomy without brain injury and were gavaged with saline. Sensorimotor functions were determined pre-TBI and 1, 3, and 7 d postinjury. Indexes of neuroinflammation, peripheral inflammation, and intestinal barrier function were measured on days 3 and 7. Microbiota composition was measured 3 d postinjury. The data were mainly analyzed by 2-factor ANOVA. RESULTS Compared with sham + vehicle mice, the TBI + vehicle mice exhibited impairments in the neurological severity score (+692%, day 3; +600%, day 7) and rotarod test (-58%, day 3; -45%, day 7) (P < 0.05), which were rescued by LA. The numbers of microglia (total and activated) and astrocytes and concentrations of TNF-α and IL1-β in the perilesional cortex were elevated in the TBI + vehicle mice on day 3 or 7 compared with sham + vehicle mice (P < 0.05) and were normalized by LA. Compared with sham + vehicle mice, the TBI + vehicle mice exhibited increased serum concentrations of endotoxin and TNF-α, and intestinal barrier permeability (D-lactate) on days 3 and 7 (P < 0.05), and these changes were alleviated by LA. Three days postinjury, the microbiota composition was disrupted in the TBI + vehicle mice compared with sham + vehicle mice (P < 0.05), which was restored by LA. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that LA exerts neuroprotective effects that may be associated with gut microbiota remodeling in TBI mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyao Liu
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Fu
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shaoli Fu
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jingci Zhu
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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48
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Jia R, Li Y, Cao L, Du J, Zheng T, Qian H, Gu Z, Jeney G, Xu P, Yin G. Antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress-induced liver damage in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 215:56-66. [PMID: 30336289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a dietary polyphenol, has been shown to exert antioxidation, hepatoprotection, anti-inflammation and immunostimulation. However, the effects and underlying mechanism of resveratrol on liver injury in fish are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential protective effects and mechanism of resveratrol on oxidative stress-induced liver damage in tilapia. Fish were fed diet containing four doses of resveratrol (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 g/kg diet) for 60 days, and then given an intraperitoneal injection of H2O2 or saline. The results showed that administration of resveratrol significantly ameliorated H2O2-induced liver injury. In serum and liver, resveratrol treatment suppressed the oxidative stress, as evidenced by the decline of lipid peroxidation level and increase of antioxidant activity. Resveratrol also activated erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and enhanced the heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST) mRNA levels. Meanwhile, resveratrol treatment repressed TLR2-Myd88-NF-κB signaling pathway to decrease the inflammatory response in H2O2-induced liver injury as evidenced by the lower interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-8 mRNA levels and higher IL-10 mRNA level. Moreover, resveratrol treatment attenuated immunotoxicity in liver of H2O2-treated fish, accompanied by upregulation of hepcidin (HEP), complement 3 (C3) and lysozyme (LZM) mRNA levels. Overall results suggested that the protection of resveratrol on H2O2-induced liver injury, inflammation and immunotoxicity was due to its antioxidant property and its ability to modulate the Nrf2 and TLR2-Myd88-NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Yao Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hao Qian
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zhengyan Gu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Galina Jeney
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; National Agricultural Research Center, Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Anna Light 8, Szarvas 5440, Hungary
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Guojun Yin
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Stein DG, Sayeed I. Bridging the translational divide: Emerging strategies in pharmacological approaches to traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:131-132. [PMID: 30308175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald G Stein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Iqbal Sayeed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
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