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Pham XT, Abe Y, Mukai Y, Ono D, Tanaka KF, Ohmura Y, Wake H, Yamanaka A. Glutamatergic signaling from melanin-concentrating hormone-producing neurons: A requirement for memory regulation, but not for metabolism control. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae275. [PMID: 39035036 PMCID: PMC11259978 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone-producing neurons (MCH neurons), found mainly in the lateral hypothalamus and surrounding areas, play essential roles in various brain functions, including sleep and wakefulness, reward, metabolism, learning, and memory. These neurons coexpress several neurotransmitters and act as glutamatergic neurons. The contribution of glutamate from MCH neurons to memory- and metabolism-related functions has not been fully investigated. In a mouse model, we conditionally knocked out Slc17a6 gene, which encodes for vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGlut2), in the MCH neurons exclusively by using two different methods: the Cre recombinase/loxP system and in vivo genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9. Then, we evaluated several aspects of memory and measured metabolic rates using indirect calorimetry. We found that mice with MCH neuron-exclusive vGlut2 ablation had higher discrimination ratios between novel and familiar stimuli for novel object recognition, object location, and three-chamber tests. In contrast, there was no significant change in body weight, food intake, oxygen consumption, respiratory quotient, or locomotor activity. These findings suggest that glutamatergic signaling from MCH neurons is required to regulate memory, but its role in regulating metabolic rate is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Thang Pham
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Yoshifumi Abe
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Mukai
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ono
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yu Ohmura
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing (CIBR), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hiroaki Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing (CIBR), Beijing 102206, China
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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Guvenc-Bayram G, Semen Z, Polat-Dincer PF, Sertkaya ZT, Ustundag Y, Ates C, Aktas B, Yalcin M. The Relation between Plasma Nesfatin-1 Levels and Aggressive Behavior in Pit Bull Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:632. [PMID: 38396600 PMCID: PMC10886264 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggression is a prevalent and concerning behavioral issue in dogs. Pit Bull dogs, known for their high levels of aggression, are recognized as a focus of concern in society. In our study, we aimed to investigate the behavioral characteristics of Pit Bull dogs and explore the potential roles of peptides involved in the neurobiology of aggression. Initially, female, and male dogs underwent aggression tests, and their aggression levels were categorized. Plasma nesfatin-1, serotonin, oxytocin, and dopamine levels were quantified using ELISA, with blood samples collected after a 24 h fasting period and 2 h post-refeeding. Our findings indicate that aggression in Pit Bull dogs correlates with decreased plasma nesfatin-1, serotonin, and oxytocin levels, while dopamine levels increase. The study's findings indicate that fasted dogs exhibited lower plasma levels of nesfatin-1, serotonin, and dopamine, while plasma oxytocin levels were higher. Furthermore, while the research findings do not suggest a significant relationship between the severity of aggression and the gender of the dog, male Pit Bull breeds appear to have higher plasma nesfatin-1 and serotonin levels compared to their female counterparts. The study's findings demonstrate that nesfatin-1, serotonin, oxytocin, and dopamine play pivotal roles in Pit Bull dogs' aggression, indicating potential interactions among these neuropeptides at the central nervous system level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokcen Guvenc-Bayram
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35890, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Semen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35890, Turkey;
| | - Pelin Fatos Polat-Dincer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35890, Turkey;
| | - Zeynep Tugce Sertkaya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara 06050, Turkey;
| | - Yasemin Ustundag
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35890, Turkey;
| | - Can Ates
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey;
| | - Bugra Aktas
- Manisa Metropolitan Municipality Temporary Animal Shelter, Manisa 45125, Turkey;
| | - Murat Yalcin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey;
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Bouâouda H, Jha PK. Orexin and MCH neurons: regulators of sleep and metabolism. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1230428. [PMID: 37674517 PMCID: PMC10478345 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1230428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake and fasting-feeding are tightly coupled behavioral states that require coordination between several brain regions. The mammalian lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a functionally and anatomically complex brain region harboring heterogeneous cell populations that regulate sleep, feeding, and energy metabolism. Significant attempts were made to understand the cellular and circuit bases of LH actions. Rapid advancements in genetic and electrophysiological manipulation help to understand the role of discrete LH cell populations. The opposing action of LH orexin/hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons on metabolic sensing and sleep-wake regulation make them the candidate to explore in detail. This review surveys the molecular, genetic, and neuronal components of orexin and MCH signaling in the regulation of sleep and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Bouâouda
- Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pawan Kumar Jha
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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The Influence of Nesfatin-1 on Bone Metabolism Markers Concentration, Densitometric, Tomographic and Mechanical Parameters of Skeletal System of Rats in the Conditions of Established Osteopenia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050654. [PMID: 35268222 PMCID: PMC8909152 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nesfatin-1 is an adipokine with little known effect on the skeletal system. In this study, we examined the effect of 8-wk administration of nesfatin-1 on densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical parameters of bones, as well as the concentration of bone metabolism markers in rats with experimentally induced established osteopenia. Abstract Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of nesfatin-1 administration on bone metabolism and properties in established osteopenia in ovariectomized female rats. In total, 21 female Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: sham-operated (SHAM, n = 7) and ovariectomized (OVA, n = 14). After 12 weeks of osteopenia induction in the OVA females, the animals were given i.p. physiological saline (OVA, n = 7) or 2 µg/kg body weight of nesfatin-1(NES, n = 7) for the next 8 weeks. The SHAM animals received physiological saline at the same time. Final body weight, total bone mineral density and content of the skeleton were estimated. Then, isolated femora and tibias were subjected to densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical tests. Bone metabolism markers, i.e., osteocalcin, bone specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP), and crosslinked N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) were determined in serum using an ELISA kit. Ovariectomy led to negative changes in bone metabolism associated with increased resorption, thus diminishing the densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical parameters. In turn, the administration of nesfatin-1 led to an increase in the value of the majority of the tested parameters of bones. The lowest bALP concentration and the highest NTx concentration were found in the OVA females. The bALP concentration was significantly higher after nesfatin-1 administration in comparison to the OVA rats. In conclusion, the results indicate that nesfatin-1 treatment limits bone loss, preserves bone architecture, and increases bone strength in condition of established osteopenia.
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Rupp SK, Stengel A. Interactions between nesfatin-1 and the autonomic nervous system-An overview. Peptides 2022; 149:170719. [PMID: 34953946 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, an 82-amino acid polypeptide derived from the precursor protein nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), was first discovered in 2006 in the rat hypothalamus. The effects and distribution of nesfatin-1 immunopositive neurons in the brain and spinal cord point towards a role of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in autonomic regulation. Therefore, studies which have been conducted to investigate the interplay between nesfatin-1 and the autonomic nervous system were examined, and the outcomes of this research were summarized. NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoreactivity is widely distributed in autonomic centers of the brain and spinal cord in both rodents and humans. In several regions of the hypothalamus, midbrain and brainstem, nesfatin-1 modulates autonomic functions. On the other hand, the autonomic nervous system also influences the activity of nesfatin-1 neurons. Here, the vagus nerve seems to be a crucial factor in the regulation of nesfatin-1. In summary, although data here is still sparse, there is a clear interplay between nesfatin-1 and the autonomic nervous system, the precise clarification of which still requires further research to gain more insight into these complex relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Kristina Rupp
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Characterization of Hypothalamic MCH Neuron Development in a 3D Differentiation System of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0442-21.2022. [PMID: 35437265 PMCID: PMC9047030 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0442-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons are important regulators of multiple physiological processes, such as sleep, feeding, and memory. Despite the increasing interest in their neuronal functions, the molecular mechanism underlying MCH neuron development remains poorly understood. We report that a three-dimensional culture of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can generate hypothalamic-like tissues containing MCH-positive neurons, which reproduce morphologic maturation, neuronal connectivity, and neuropeptide/neurotransmitter phenotype of native MCH neurons. Using this in vitro system, we demonstrate that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling serves to produce major neurochemical subtypes of MCH neurons characterized by the presence or absence of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). Without exogenous Hh signals, mESCs initially differentiated into dorsal hypothalamic/prethalamic progenitors and finally into MCH+CART+ neurons through a specific intermediate progenitor state. Conversely, activation of the Hh pathway specified ventral hypothalamic progenitors that generate both MCH+CART− and MCH+CART+ neurons. These results suggest that in vivo MCH neurons may originate from multiple cell lineages that arise through early dorsoventral patterning of the hypothalamus. Additionally, we found that Hh signaling supports the differentiation of mESCs into orexin/hypocretin neurons, a well-defined cell group intermingled with MCH neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). The present study highlights and improves the utility of mESC culture in the analysis of the developmental programs of specific hypothalamic cell types.
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Crosstalk between Melanin Concentrating Hormone and Endocrine Factors: Implications for Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052436. [PMID: 35269579 PMCID: PMC8910548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a 19aa cyclic peptide exclusively expressed in the lateral hypothalamic area, which is an area of the brain involved in a large number of physiological functions and vital processes such as nutrient sensing, food intake, sleep-wake arousal, memory formation, and reproduction. However, the role of the lateral hypothalamic area in metabolic regulation stands out as the most relevant function. MCH regulates energy balance and glucose homeostasis by controlling food intake and peripheral lipid metabolism, energy expenditure, locomotor activity and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. However, the MCH control of energy balance is a complex mechanism that involves the interaction of several neuroendocrine systems. The aim of the present work is to describe the current knowledge of the crosstalk of MCH with different endocrine factors. We also provide our view about the possible use of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonists for the treatment of metabolic complications. In light of the data provided here and based on its actions and function, we believe that the MCH system emerges as an important target for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.
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8
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Luo JJ, Wen FJ, Qiu D, Wang SZ. Nesfatin-1 in lipid metabolism and lipid-related diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:23-30. [PMID: 34389280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, an anorexic neuropeptide discovered in 2006, is widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. It has been shown to be involved in the regulation of food intake and lipid metabolism, inhibiting fat accumulation, accelerating lipid decomposition, and in general, inhibiting the development of lipid-related diseases, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. Potential mechanisms of Nesfatin-1 action in lipid metabolism and lipid-related diseases will be discussed as well as its role as a biomarker in cardiovascular disease. This review expected to provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and prevention of clinically related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Wen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Department of Cell Biology and Geneties, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Dan Qiu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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9
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Hyde CJ, Nguyen T, Fitzgibbon QP, Elizur A, Smith GG, Ventura T. Neural remodelling in spiny lobster larvae is characterized by broad neuropeptide suppression. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 294:113496. [PMID: 32360560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are ancient endocrine components which have evolved to regulate many aspects of biology across the animal kingdom including behaviour, development and metabolism. To supplement current knowledge, we have utilized a transcriptome series describing larval development in the ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus. The biology of this animal has been leveraged to provide insights into the roles of molting, metamorphosis and metabolism across the neuropeptide family. We report an extensive list of neuropeptides across three distinct life phases of the animal. We show distinct groups of neuropeptides with differential expression between larval phases, indicating phase-specific roles for these peptides. For selected neuropeptides, we describe and discuss expression profiles throughout larval development and report predicted peptide cleavage sites and mature peptide sequences. We also report the neuropeptide nesfatin for the first time in a crustacean, and report secondary peptide products with a level of evolutionary conservation similar to the conventional mature peptide nesfatin-1, indicating a conserved role in these secondary products which are widely regarded as biologically inactive. In addition, we report a trend of downregulation in the neuropeptides as the animal undergoes extensive neural remodelling in fulfillment of metamorphosis. We suggest that this downregulation in neuropeptides relates to the brief, yet dramatic changes in morphology experienced by the central nervous system in the process of metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Hyde
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556 Australia
| | - Tuan Nguyen
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556 Australia
| | - Quinn P Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556 Australia
| | - Gregory G Smith
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556 Australia.
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Morganstern I, Gulati G, Leibowitz SF. Role of melanin-concentrating hormone in drug use disorders. Brain Res 2020; 1741:146872. [PMID: 32360868 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a neuropeptide primarily transcribed in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), with vast projections to many areas throughout the central nervous system that play an important role in motivated behaviors and drug use. Anatomical, pharmacological and genetic studies implicate MCH in mediating the intake and reinforcement of commonly abused substances, acting by influencing several systems including the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, glutamatergic as well as GABAergic signaling and being modulated by inflammatory neuroimmune pathways. Further support for the role of MCH in controlling behavior related to drug use will be discussed as it relates to cerebral ventricular volume transmission and intracellular molecules including cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide, dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 32 kDa. The primary goal of this review is to introduce and summarize current literature surrounding the role of MCH in mediating the intake and reinforcement of commonly abused drugs, such as alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine, nicotine and opiates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gazal Gulati
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sarah F Leibowitz
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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11
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Angelone T, Rocca C, Pasqua T. Nesfatin-1 in cardiovascular orchestration: From bench to bedside. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104766. [PMID: 32201244 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of Nesfatin-1 in 2006, intensive research was finalized to further and deeper investigate the precise physiological functions of the peptide at both central and peripheral levels, rapidly enriching the knowledge regarding this intriguing molecule. Nesfatin-1 is a hypothalamic peptide generated via the post-translational processing of its precursor Nucleobindin 2, a protein supposed to play a role in many biological processes thanks to its ability to bind calcium and to interact with different intracellular proteins. Nesfatin-1 is mainly known for its anorexic properties, but it also controls water intake and glucose homeostasis. Recent experimental evidences describe the peptide as a possible direct/indirect orchestrator of central and peripheral cardiovascular control. A specific Nesfatin-1 receptor still remains to be identified although numerous studies suggest that the peptide activates extra- and intracellular regulatory pathways by involving several putative binding sites. The present paper was designed to systematically review the latest findings about Nesfatin-1, focusing on its cardiovascular regulatory properties under normal and physiopathological conditions. The hope is to provide the conceptual basis to consider Nesfatin-1 not only as a pleiotropic neuroendocrine molecule, but also as a homeostatic modulator of the cardiovascular function and with a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho-physiology, Dept of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy; National Institute of Cardiovascular Research I.N.R.C., Bologna, Italy.
| | - Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho-physiology, Dept of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Patho-physiology, Dept of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy.
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12
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Montesano A, De Felice E, Leggieri A, Palladino A, Lucini C, Scocco P, de Girolamo P, Baumgart M, D’Angelo L. Ontogenetic Pattern Changes of Nucleobindin-2/Nesfatin-1 in the Brain and Intestinal Bulb of the Short Lived African Turquoise Killifish. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010103. [PMID: 31906085 PMCID: PMC7019235 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 (Nesf-1) was identified as an anorexigenic and well conserved molecule in rodents and fish. While tissue distribution of NUCB2 (Nucleobindin 2)/Nesf-1 is discretely known in vertebrates, reports on ontogenetic expression are scarce. Here, we examine the age-related central and peripheral expression of NUCB2/Nesf-1 in the teleost African turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri, a consolidated model organism for aging research. We focused our analysis on brain areas responsible for the regulation of food intake and the rostral intestinal bulb, which is analogous of the mammalian stomach. We hypothesize that in our model, the stomach equivalent structure is the main source of NUCB2 mRNA, displaying higher expression levels than those observed in the brain, mainly during aging. Remarkably, its expression significantly increased in the rostral intestinal bulb compared to the brain, which is likely due to the typical anorexia of aging. When analyzing the pattern of expression, we confirmed the distribution in diencephalic areas involved in food intake regulation at all age stages. Interestingly, in the rostral bulb, NUCB2 mRNA was localized in the lining epithelium of young and old animals, while Nesf-1 immunoreactive cells were distributed in the submucosae. Taken together, our results represent a useful basis for gaining deeper knowledge regarding the mechanisms that regulate food intake during vertebrate aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Montesano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (A.L.); (C.L.); (P.d.G.)
- Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Elena De Felice
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.D.F.); (P.S.)
| | - Adele Leggieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (A.L.); (C.L.); (P.d.G.)
| | - Antonio Palladino
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Carla Lucini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (A.L.); (C.L.); (P.d.G.)
| | - Paola Scocco
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.D.F.); (P.S.)
| | - Paolo de Girolamo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (A.L.); (C.L.); (P.d.G.)
| | - Mario Baumgart
- Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Livia D’Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (A.L.); (C.L.); (P.d.G.)
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80122 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-253-6131; Fax: +39-081-253-6097
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The role of co-neurotransmitters in sleep and wake regulation. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1284-1295. [PMID: 30377299 PMCID: PMC6491268 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and wakefulness control in the mammalian brain requires the coordination of various discrete interconnected neurons. According to the most conventional sleep model, wake-promoting neurons (WPNs) and sleep-promoting neurons (SPNs) compete for network dominance, creating a systematic "switch" that results in either the sleep or awake state. WPNs and SPNs are ubiquitous in the brainstem and diencephalon, areas that together contain <1% of the neurons in the human brain. Interestingly, many of these WPNs and SPNs co-express and co-release various types of the neurotransmitters that often have opposing modulatory effects on the network. Co-transmission is often beneficial to structures with limited numbers of neurons because it provides increasing computational capability and flexibility. Moreover, co-transmission allows subcortical structures to bi-directionally control postsynaptic neurons, thus helping to orchestrate several complex physiological functions such as sleep. Here, we present an in-depth review of co-transmission in hypothalamic WPNs and SPNs and discuss its functional significance in the sleep-wake network.
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The role of hormonal, metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers on sleep and appetite in drug free patients with major depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2019; 250:249-259. [PMID: 30870775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder in which clinical symptoms can widely differ among patients. Neurovegetative symptoms, i.e. decreased or increased appetite, changes in body weight and sleep disturbances, described as 'melancholic' or 'atypical' features of a depressive episode, are the most variable symptoms among patients with MDD. We hypothesized biomarkers differences underlying this neurovegetative variability in major depression. METHODS We systematically reviewed, according to the PRISMA guidelines, the role of specific metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory biomarkers in drug-free MDD patients, that could have neurobiological effects on appetite, weight regulation and circadian rhythms, influencing eating behaviour and sleep patterns. All studies regarding the co-occurrence of disturbed sleep and appetite were examined. RESULTS Besides the well-known leptin and ghrelin, other biomarkers such as BDNF, VEGF, NPY, orexin, and the recent discovered nesfatin-1 seem to be involved in neurovegetative changes in depressive disorders playing a role in the regulation of affective states, stress reactions and sleep patterns. Interestingly, based on the existing evidence, ghrelin, orexin and nesfatin-1 could be linked both to sleep and appetite regulation in depressed patients. LIMITATIONS Heterogeneous studies with low sample size. CONCLUSIONS Despite the wide heterogeneity of results, studies on biomarkers of appetite and sleep in MDD are an interesting field of research to explain the neurobiological substrates of depressive symptoms that deserve further investigation.
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Leung AKW, Ramesh N, Vogel C, Unniappan S. Nucleobindins and encoded peptides: From cell signaling to physiology. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 116:91-133. [PMID: 31036300 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleobindins (NUCBs) are DNA and calcium binding, secreted proteins with various signaling functions. Two NUCBs, nucleobindin-1 (NUCB1) and nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), were discovered during the 1990s. These two peptides are shown to have diverse functions, including the regulation of inflammation and bone formation, among others. In 2006, Oh-I and colleagues discovered that three peptides encoded within the NUCB2 could be processed by prohormone convertases. These peptides were named nesfatin-1, 2 and 3, mainly due to the satiety and fat influencing properties of nesfatin-1. However, it was found that nesfatin-2 and -3 have no such effects. Nesfatin-1, especially its mid-segment, is very highly conserved across vertebrates. Although the receptor(s) that mediate nesfatin-1 effects are currently unknown, it is now considered an endogenous peptide with multiple functions, affecting central and peripheral tissues to regulate metabolism, reproduction, endocrine and other functions. We recently identified a nesfatin-1-like peptide (NLP) encoded within the NUCB1. Like nesfatin-1, NLP suppressed feed intake in mice and fish, and stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. There is considerable evidence available to indicate that nucleobindins and its encoded peptides are multifunctional regulators of cell biology and whole animal physiology. This review aims to briefly discuss the structure, distribution, functions and mechanism of action nucleobindins and encoded peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaine Kwun-Wai Leung
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Naresh Ramesh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Christine Vogel
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Weibert E, Hofmann T, Stengel A. Role of nesfatin-1 in anxiety, depression and the response to stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 100:58-66. [PMID: 30292960 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 has been discovered a decade ago and since then drawn a lot of attention. The initially proposed anorexigenic effect was followed by the description of several other involvements such as a role in gastrointestinal motility, glucose homeostasis, cardiovascular functions and thermoregulation giving rise to a pleiotropic action of this peptide. The recent years witnessed mounting evidence on the involvement of nesfatin-1 in emotional processes as well. The present review will describe the peptide's relations to anxiety, depressiveness and stress in animal models and humans and also discuss existing gaps in knowledge in order to stimulate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Weibert
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Hofmann
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Kaya O, Yilmaz M, Bayram S, Gunduz O, Kizilay G, Ozturk L. Effects of cannabinoid modulation on hypothalamic nesfatin-1 and insulin resistance. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2019; 62:182-187. [DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_50_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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18
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Psilopanagioti A, Nikou S, Papadaki H. Nucleobindin-2/Nesfatin-1 in the Human Hypothalamus Is Reduced in Obese Subjects and Colocalizes with Oxytocin, Vasopressin, Melanin-Concentrating Hormone, and Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 108:190-200. [PMID: 30625474 DOI: 10.1159/000496731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Nesfatin-1, processed from nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), is a potent anorexigenic peptide being expressed in rodent hypothalamic nuclei and involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight in animals. The present study aimed to investigate NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein expression in the human hypothalamus as well as its correlation with body weight. METHODS Sections of hypothalamus and adjacent cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei, including the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) and the diagonal band of Broca (DBB), from 25 autopsy cases (17 males, 8 females; 8 lean, 9 overweight, 8 obese) were examined using immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence labeling. RESULTS Prominent NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoexpression was detected in supraoptic, paraventricular, and infundibular nuclei, lateral hypothalamic area (LHA)/perifornical region, and NBM/DBB. NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was found to extensively colocalize with (a) oxytocin and vasopressin in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, (b) melanin-concentrating hormone in the LHA, and (c) cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in infundibular and paraventricular nuclei and LHA. Interestingly, in the LHA, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein expression was significantly decreased in obese, compared with lean (p < 0.01) and overweight (p < 0.05) subjects. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study are suggestive of a potential role for NUCB2/nesfatin-1 as an integral regulator of food intake and energy homeostasis in the human hypothalamus. In the LHA, an appetite- and reward-related brain area, reduced NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoexpression may contribute to dysregulation of homeostatic and/or hedonic feeding behavior and obesity. NUCB2/nesfatin-1 localization in NBM/DBB might imply its participation in the neuronal circuitry controlling cognitive influences on food intake and give impetus towards unraveling additional biological actions of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in human neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea Psilopanagioti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece,
| | - Sofia Nikou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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NUCB2/nesfatin-1: Expression and functions in the regulation of emotion and stress. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:221-227. [PMID: 28963067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, a food-intake inhibiting factor processed from nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2), was originally identified by the Oh-I research group. The initial functional studies on NUCB2/nesfatin-1 were mainly focused on its properties of appetite regulation. As is well known, emotional state has an interactional relationship with food intake, and difficulties in regulating emotion and stress have a great influence on appetite and body weight. Some anorexigenic or orexigenic neurotransmitters also play a role in the adjustment of emotion and stress responses in addition to their actions on the homeostatic regulation of food intake, including neuropeptide Y (NPY), melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and ghrelin. Furthermore, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoreactive neurons were detected extensively in brain areas involved in emotion and stress regulation, such as the hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These data suggest that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 might also have effects on affective states; therefore, many studies were carried out researching the functions of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in emotion regulation. An increasing body of evidence has been published to elucidate the stress-related activation of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons and alteration of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 concentrations, as well as the behavioral changes induced by the administration of NUCB2/nesfatin-1. In the present review, we summarized current data focusing on the association between NUCB2/nesfatin-1, stress, and psychiatric disorders to elucidate the functions of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in emotion regulation.
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Pałasz A, Janas-Kozik M, Borrow A, Arias-Carrión O, Worthington JJ. The potential role of the novel hypothalamic neuropeptides nesfatin-1, phoenixin, spexin and kisspeptin in the pathogenesis of anxiety and anorexia nervosa. Neurochem Int 2018; 113:120-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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The effect of Nesfatin-1 on food intake in neonatal chicks: role of CRF1 /CRF2 and H1/ H3 receptors. Vet Res Commun 2017; 42:39-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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22
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Shiromani PJ, Peever JH. New Neuroscience Tools That Are Identifying the Sleep-Wake Circuit. Sleep 2017; 40:3059391. [PMID: 28329204 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the brain is yielding to technology. In the area of sleep neurobiology, conventional neuroscience tools such as lesions, cell recordings, c-Fos, and axon-tracing methodologies have been instrumental in identifying the complex and intermingled populations of sleep- and arousal-promoting neurons that orchestrate and generate wakefulness, NREM, and REM sleep. In the last decade, new technologies such as optogenetics, chemogenetics, and the CRISPR-Cas system have begun to transform how biologists understand the finer details associated with sleep-wake regulation. These additions to the neuroscience toolkit are helping to identify how discrete populations of brain cells function to trigger and shape the timing and transition into and out of different sleep-wake states, and how glia partner with neurons to regulate sleep. Here, we detail how some of the newest technologies are being applied to understand the neural circuits underlying sleep and wake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyattam J Shiromani
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Research Service, Charleston, SC
| | - John H Peever
- Centre for Biological Timing and Cognition, Department Cell and Systems Biology, and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Neurochemical Heterogeneity Among Lateral Hypothalamic Hypocretin/Orexin and Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neurons Identified Through Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0013-17. [PMID: 28966976 PMCID: PMC5617207 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0013-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) lies at the intersection of multiple neural and humoral systems and orchestrates fundamental aspects of behavior. Two neuronal cell types found in the LHA are defined by their expression of hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/Ox) and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and are both important regulators of arousal, feeding, and metabolism. Conflicting evidence suggests that these cell populations have a more complex signaling repertoire than previously appreciated, particularly in regard to their coexpression of other neuropeptides and the machinery for the synthesis and release of GABA and glutamate. Here, we undertook a single-cell expression profiling approach to decipher the neurochemical phenotype, and heterogeneity therein, of Hcrt/Ox and MCH neurons. In transgenic mouse lines, we used single-cell quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to quantify the expression of 48 key genes, which include neuropeptides, fast neurotransmitter components, and other key markers, which revealed unexpected neurochemical diversity. We found that single MCH and Hcrt/Ox neurons express transcripts for multiple neuropeptides and markers of both excitatory and inhibitory fast neurotransmission. Virtually all MCH and approximately half of the Hcrt/Ox neurons sampled express both the machinery for glutamate release and GABA synthesis in the absence of a vesicular GABA release pathway. Furthermore, we found that this profile is characteristic of a subpopulation of LHA glutamatergic neurons but contrasts with a broad population of LHA GABAergic neurons. Identifying the neurochemical diversity of Hcrt/Ox and MCH neurons will further our understanding of how these populations modulate postsynaptic excitability through multiple signaling mechanisms and coordinate diverse behavioral outputs.
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Diniz GB, Bittencourt JC. The Melanin-Concentrating Hormone as an Integrative Peptide Driving Motivated Behaviors. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:32. [PMID: 28611599 PMCID: PMC5447028 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is an important peptide implicated in the control of motivated behaviors. History, however, made this peptide first known for its participation in the control of skin pigmentation, from which its name derives. In addition to this peripheral role, MCH is strongly implicated in motivated behaviors, such as feeding, drinking, mating and, more recently, maternal behavior. It is suggested that MCH acts as an integrative peptide, converging sensory information and contributing to a general arousal of the organism. In this review, we will discuss the various aspects of energy homeostasis to which MCH has been associated to, focusing on the different inputs that feed the MCH peptidergic system with information regarding the homeostatic status of the organism and the exogenous sensory information that drives this system, as well as the outputs that allow MCH to act over a wide range of homeostatic and behavioral controls, highlighting the available morphological and hodological aspects that underlie these integrative actions. Besides the well-described role of MCH in feeding behavior, a prime example of hypothalamic-mediated integration, we will also examine those functions in which the participation of MCH has not yet been extensively characterized, including sexual, maternal, and defensive behaviors. We also evaluated the available data on the distribution of MCH and its function in the context of animals in their natural environment. Finally, we briefly comment on the evidence for MCH acting as a coordinator between different modalities of motivated behaviors, highlighting the most pressing open questions that are open for investigations and that could provide us with important insights about hypothalamic-dependent homeostatic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanne B. Diniz
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jackson C. Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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Seon S, Jeon D, Kim H, Chung Y, Choi N, Yang H. Testosterone Regulates NUCB2 mRNA Expression in Male Mouse Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland. Dev Reprod 2017; 21:71-78. [PMID: 28484746 PMCID: PMC5409212 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2017.21.1.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is known to take part in the control of the appetite and energy metabolism. Recently, many reports have shown nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression and function in various organs. We previously demonstrated that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression level is higher in the pituitary gland compared to other organs and its expression is regulated by 17β-estradiol and progesterone secreted from the ovary. However, currently no data exist on the expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 and its regulation mechanism in the pituitary of male mouse. Therefore, we examined whether nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is expressed in the male mouse pituitary and if its expression is regulated by testosterone. As a result of PCR and western blotting, we found that a large amount of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was expressed in the pituitary and hypothalamus. The NUCB2 mRNA expression level in the pituitary was decreased after castration, but not in the hypothalamus. In addition, its mRNA expression level in the pituitary was increased after testosterone treatment in the castrated mice, whereas, the expression level in the hypothalamus was significantly decreased after the treatment with testosterone. The in vitro experiment to elucidate the direct effect of testosterone on NUCB2 mRNA expression showed that NUCB2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased with testosterone in cultured hypothalamus tissue, but increased with testosterone in cultured pituitary gland. The present study demonstrated that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was highly expressed in the male mouse pituitary and was regulated by testosterone. This data suggests that reproductive-endocrine regulation through hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis may contribute to NUCB2 mRNA expression in the mouse hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Seon
- Department of Bioenvironmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Daun Jeon
- Department of Bioenvironmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Bioenvironmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Yiwa Chung
- Department of Bioenvironmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Narae Choi
- Department of Bioenvironmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Hyunwon Yang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
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Xu L, Wang H, Gong Y, Pang M, Sun X, Guo F, Gao S. Nesfatin-1 regulates the lateral hypothalamic area melanin-concentrating hormone-responsive gastric distension-sensitive neurons and gastric function via arcuate nucleus innervation. Metabolism 2017; 67:14-25. [PMID: 28081774 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, a recently discovered neuropeptide involved in satiety. Recent studies have revealed that central nesfatin-1 inhibits gastric emptying and gastric acid secretion, though the mechanisms involved in these processes are not known. We aim to explore the effects of nesfatin-1 on a population of gastric distension (GD)-sensitive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA), gastric motility, and gastric secretion and the role for an arcuate nucleus (Arc)-LHA neural pathway in these processes. Single unit extracellular discharge recordings were made in of LHA. Further, gastric motility and gastric secretion in rats were monitored. Retrograde tracing and fluorescent immunohistochemical staining were used to explore nesfatin-1 neuron projection. The results revealed that administration of nesfatin-1 to the LHA or electric stimulation of the Arc could alter the neuronal activity of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-responsive, GD-responsive neurons in LHA, which could be blocked by pretreatment with MCH receptor-1 antagonist PMC-3881-PI or weakened by pretreatment of a nesfatin-1 antibody in LHA. Administration of nesfatin-1 into LHA could inhibit gastric motility and gastric secretion, and these effects could be enhanced by administration of PMC-3881-PI. Electrical stimulation of Arc promoted the gastric motility and gastric secretion. Nesfatin-1 antibody or PMC-3881-PI pretreatment to LHA had no effect on Arc stimulation-induced gastric motility, but these pretreatments did alter Arc stimulation-induced effects on gastric secretion. Our findings suggest that nesfatin-1 signaling in LHA participates in the regulation of efferent information from the gastrointestinal tract and gastric secretion which also involve MCH signaling. Further, they show that a nesfatin-1-positive Arc to LHA pathway is critical for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jimo People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanling Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Mingjie Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangrong Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shengli Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Hatef A, Unniappan S. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, kisspeptin, and gonadal steroids directly modulate nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 in murine hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and gonadotropes†. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:635-651. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.146621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Fujimoto M, Fukuda S, Sakamoto H, Takata J, Sawamura S. Neuropeptide glutamic acid-isoleucine (NEI)-induced paradoxical sleep in rats. Peptides 2017; 87:28-33. [PMID: 27845162 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptideglutamic acid-isoleucine (NEI) as well as melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) is cleaved from the 165 amino acid protein, prepro-melanin concentrating hormone (prepro-MCH). Among many physiological roles of MCH, we demonstrated that intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of MCH induced increases in REM sleep episodes as well as in non REM sleep episodes. However, there are no studies on the effect of NEI on the sleep-wake cycle. As for the sites of action of MCH for induction of REM sleep, the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) has been reported to be one of its site of action. Although MCH neurons contain NEI, GABA, MCH, and other neuropeptides, we do not know which transmitter(s) might induce REM sleep by acting on the vlPAG. Thus, we first examined the effect of icv injection of NEI on the sleep-wake cycle, and investigated how microinjection of either NEI, MCH, or GABA into the vlPAG affected REM sleep in rats. Icv injection of NEI (0.61μg/5μl: n=7) significantly increased the time spent in REM episodes compared to control (saline: 5μl; n=6). Microinjection of either NEI (61ng/0.2μl: n=7), MCH (100ng/0.2μl: n=6) or GABA (250mM/0.2μl: n=7) into the vlPAG significantly increased the time spent in REM episodes and the AUC. Precise hourly analysis of REM sleep also revealed that after those microinjections, NEI and MCH increased REM episodes at the latter phase, compared to GABA which increased REM episodes at the earlier phase. This result suggests that NEI and MCH may induce sustained REM sleep, while GABA may initiate REM sleep. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that NEI, a cleaved peptide from the same precursor, prepro-MCH, as MCH, induce REM sleep at least in part through acting on the vlPAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Fujimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Satoru Fukuda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Junko Takata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shigehito Sawamura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
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Dore R, Levata L, Lehnert H, Schulz C. Nesfatin-1: functions and physiology of a novel regulatory peptide. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:R45-R65. [PMID: 27754932 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 was identified in 2006 as a potent anorexigenic peptide involved in the regulation of homeostatic feeding. It is processed from the precursor-peptide NEFA/nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2), which is expressed both in the central nervous system as well as in the periphery, from where it can access the brain via non-saturable transmembrane diffusion. In hypothalamus and brainstem, nesfatin-1 recruits the oxytocin, the melancortin and other systems to relay its anorexigenic properties. NUCB2/nesfatin-1 peptide expression in reward-related areas suggests that nesfatin-1 might also be involved in hedonic feeding. Besides its initially discovered anorexigenic properties, over the last years, other important functions of nesfatin-1 have been discovered, many of them related to energy homeostasis, e.g. energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis. Nesfatin-1 is not only affecting these physiological processes but also the alterations of the metabolic state (e.g. fat mass, glycemic state) have an impact on the synthesis and release of NUCB2 and/or nesfatin-1. Furthermore, nesfatin-1 exerts pleiotropic actions at the level of cardiovascular and digestive systems, as well as plays a role in stress response, behavior, sleep and reproduction. Despite the recent advances in nesfatin-1 research, a putative receptor has not been identified and furthermore potentially distinct functions of nesfatin-1 and its precursor NUCB2 have not been dissected yet. To tackle these open questions will be the major objectives of future research to broaden our knowledge on NUCB2/nesfatin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dore
- Department of Internal Medicine ICenter of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Luka Levata
- Department of Internal Medicine ICenter of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Department of Internal Medicine ICenter of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carla Schulz
- Department of Internal Medicine ICenter of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Feng H, Wang Q, Guo F, Han X, Pang M, Sun X, Gong Y, Xu L. Nesfatin-1 influences the excitability of gastric distension-responsive neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus of rats. Physiol Res 2016; 66:335-344. [PMID: 27982684 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of nesfatin-1 on gastric distension (GD)-responsive neurons via an interaction with corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor signaling in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), and the potential regulation of these effects by hippocampal projections to VMH. Extracellular single-unit discharges were recorded in VHM following administration of nesfatin-1. The projection of nerve fibers and expression of nesfatin-1 were assessed by retrograde tracing and fluoro-immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results showed that there were GD-responsive neurons in VMH; Nesfatin-1 administration and electrical stimulation of hippocampal CA1 sub-region altered the firing rate of these neurons. These changes could be partially blocked by pretreatment with the non-selective CRF antagonist astressin-B or an antibody to NUCB2/nesfatin-1. Electrolytic lesion of CA1 hippocampus reduced the effects of nesfatin-1 on VMH GD-responsive neuronal activity. These studies suggest that nesfatin-1 plays an important role in GD-responsive neuronal activity through interactions with CRF signaling pathways in VMH. The hippocampus may participate in the modulation of nesfatin-1-mediated effects in VMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China.
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Bonnavion P, Mickelsen LE, Fujita A, de Lecea L, Jackson AC. Hubs and spokes of the lateral hypothalamus: cell types, circuits and behaviour. J Physiol 2016; 594:6443-6462. [PMID: 27302606 DOI: 10.1113/jp271946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is among the most phylogenetically conserved regions in the vertebrate brain, reflecting its critical role in maintaining physiological and behavioural homeostasis. By integrating signals arising from both the brain and periphery, it governs a litany of behaviourally important functions essential for survival. In particular, the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is central to the orchestration of sleep-wake states, feeding, energy balance and motivated behaviour. Underlying these diverse functions is a heterogeneous assembly of cell populations typically defined by neurochemical markers, such as the well-described neuropeptides hypocretin/orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone. However, anatomical and functional evidence suggests a rich diversity of other cell populations with complex neurochemical profiles that include neuropeptides, receptors and components of fast neurotransmission. Collectively, the LHA acts as a hub for the integration of diverse central and peripheral signals and, through complex local and long-range output circuits, coordinates adaptive behavioural responses to the environment. Despite tremendous progress in our understanding of the LHA, defining the identity of functionally discrete LHA cell types, and their roles in driving complex behaviour, remain significant challenges in the field. In this review, we discuss advances in our understanding of the neurochemical and cellular heterogeneity of LHA neurons and the recent application of powerful new techniques, such as opto- and chemogenetics, in defining the role of LHA circuits in feeding, reward, arousal and stress. From pioneering work to recent developments, we review how the interrogation of LHA cells and circuits is contributing to a mechanistic understanding of how the LHA coordinates complex behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bonnavion
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-UNI, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura E Mickelsen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Akie Fujita
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexander C Jackson
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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Sokolowski K, Tran T, Esumi S, Kamal Y, Oboti L, Lischinsky J, Goodrich M, Lam A, Carter M, Nakagawa Y, Corbin JG. Molecular and behavioral profiling of Dbx1-derived neurons in the arcuate, lateral and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei. Neural Dev 2016; 11:12. [PMID: 27209204 PMCID: PMC4875659 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-016-0067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurons in the hypothalamus function to regulate the state of the animal during both learned and innate behaviors, and alterations in hypothalamic development may contribute to pathological conditions such as anxiety, depression or obesity. Despite many studies of hypothalamic development and function, the link between embryonic development and innate behaviors remains unexplored. Here, focusing on the embryonically expressed homeodomain-containing gene Developing Brain Homeobox 1 (Dbx1), we explored the relationship between embryonic lineage, post-natal neuronal identity and lineage-specific responses to innate cues. We found that Dbx1 is widely expressed across multiple developing hypothalamic subdomains. Using standard and inducible fate-mapping to trace the Dbx1-derived neurons, we identified their contribution to specific neuronal subtypes across hypothalamic nuclei and further mapped their activation patterns in response to a series of well-defined innate behaviors. RESULTS Dbx1-derived neurons occupy multiple postnatal hypothalamic nuclei including the lateral hypothalamus (LH), arcuate nucleus (Arc) and the ventral medial hypothalamus (VMH). Within these nuclei, Dbx1 (+) progenitors generate a large proportion of the Pmch-, Nesfatin-, Cart-, Hcrt-, Agrp- and ERα-expressing neuronal populations, and to a lesser extent the Pomc-, TH- and Aromatase-expressing populations. Inducible fate-mapping reveals distinct temporal windows for development of the Dbx1-derived LH and Arc populations, with Agrp(+) and Cart(+) populations in the Arc arising early (E7.5-E9.5), while Pmch(+) and Hcrt(+) populations in the LH derived from progenitors expressing Dbx1 later (E9.5-E11.5). Moreover, as revealed by c-Fos labeling, Dbx1-derived cells in male and female LH, Arc and VMH are responsive during mating and aggression. In contrast, Dbx1-lineage cells in the Arc and LH have a broader behavioral tuning, which includes responding to fasting and predator odor cues. CONCLUSION We define a novel fate map of the hypothalamus with respect to Dbx1 expression in hypothalamic progenitor zones. We demonstrate that in a temporally regulated manner, Dbx1-derived neurons contribute to molecularly distinct neuronal populations in the LH, Arc and VMH that have been implicated in a variety of hypothalamic-driven behaviors. Consistent with this, Dbx1-derived neurons in the LH, Arc and VMH are activated during stress and other innate behavioral responses, implicating their involvement in these diverse behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Sokolowski
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, 20010, DC, USA
| | - Tuyen Tran
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, 20010, DC, USA
| | - Shigeyuki Esumi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, 20010, DC, USA
- Department of Morphological Neural Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yasmin Kamal
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, 20010, DC, USA
| | - Livio Oboti
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, 20010, DC, USA
| | - Julieta Lischinsky
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, 20010, DC, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, 20037, DC, USA
| | - Meredith Goodrich
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, 20010, DC, USA
| | - Andrew Lam
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, 20010, DC, USA
| | - Margaret Carter
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, 20010, DC, USA
| | - Yasushi Nakagawa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Joshua G Corbin
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, 20010, DC, USA.
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Ozcan M, Gok ZB, Kacar E, Serhatlioglu I, Kelestimur H. Nesfatin-1 increases intracellular calcium concentration by protein kinase C activation in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neurosci Lett 2016; 619:177-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jiang S, Zhou W, Zhang X, Wang D, Zhu H, Hong M, Gong Y, Ye J, Fang F. Developmental expression and distribution of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in the canine digestive system. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:90-6. [PMID: 26643216 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is a neuropeptide that plays important roles in regulating food intake and energy homeostasis. The distribution of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 protein and mRNA has not been investigated in the canine digestive system. The present study was conducted to evaluate the expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 protein and NUCB2 mRNA in the canine digestive organs (esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum, liver and pancreas). The tissues of the digestive system were collected from dogs at different developmental stages (infantile, juvenile, pubertal and adult). Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 protein localization in the organs of adult dogs was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of NUCB2 mRNA at the four developmental stages was analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 protein was distributed in the fundic gland region of the stomach, and the islet area and exocrine portions of the pancreas. However, NUCB2 mRNA was found in all digestive organs, although the expression levels in the pancreas and stomach were higher than those in liver, duodenum and other digestive tract tissues (P<0.05) at the four different developmental stages of the dogs. In this study, nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was found to be present at high levels in the stomach and pancreas at both the protein and mRNA levels; however, NUCB2 expression was found at lower levels in all of the digestive organs. These findings provide the basis of further investigations to elucidate the functions of nefatin-1 in the canine digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Jiang
- Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Weijuan Zhou
- Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Dengfeng Wang
- Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Meizhen Hong
- Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yajing Gong
- Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jing Ye
- Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Fugui Fang
- Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China.
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Varin C, Arthaud S, Salvert D, Gay N, Libourel PA, Luppi PH, Léger L, Fort P. Sleep architecture and homeostasis in mice with partial ablation of melanin-concentrating hormone neurons. Behav Brain Res 2015; 298:100-10. [PMID: 26529469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports support a key role of tuberal hypothalamic neurons secreting melanin concentrating-hormone (MCH) in the promotion of Paradoxical Sleep (PS). Controversies remain concerning their concomitant involvement in Slow-Wave Sleep (SWS). We studied the effects of their selective loss achieved by an Ataxin 3-mediated ablation strategy to decipher the contribution of MCH neurons to SWS and/or PS. Polysomnographic recordings were performed on male adult transgenic mice expressing Ataxin-3 transgene within MCH neurons (MCH(Atax)) and their wild-type littermates (MCH(WT)) bred on two genetic backgrounds (FVB/N and C57BL/6). Compared to MCH(WT) mice, MCH(Atax) mice were characterized by a significant drop in MCH mRNAs (-70%), a partial loss of MCH-immunoreactive neurons (-30%) and a marked reduction in brain density of MCH-immunoreactive fibers. Under basal condition, such MCH(Atax) mice exhibited higher PS amounts during the light period and a pronounced SWS fragmentation without any modification of SWS quantities. Moreover, SWS and PS rebounds following 4-h total sleep deprivation were quantitatively similar in MCH(Atax)vs. MCH(WT) mice. Additionally, MCH(Atax) mice were unable to consolidate SWS and increase slow-wave activity (SWA) in response to this homeostatic challenge as observed in MCH(WT) littermates. Here, we show that the partial loss of MCH neurons is sufficient to disturb the fine-tuning of sleep. Our data provided new insights into their contribution to subtle process managing SWS quality and its efficiency rather than SWS quantities, as evidenced by the deleterious impact on two powerful markers of sleep depth, i.e., SWS consolidation/fragmentation and SWA intensity under basal condition and under high sleep pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Varin
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Arthaud
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Denise Salvert
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Nadine Gay
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Paul-Antoine Libourel
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Lucienne Léger
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Fort
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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Stengel A. Nesfatin-1 - More than a food intake regulatory peptide. Peptides 2015; 72:175-83. [PMID: 26116783 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 was discovered a decade ago and despite the fact that it represents just one of a multitude of food intake-inhibiting factors it received increasing attention. This led to a detailed characterization of NUCB2/nesfatin-1's physiological property to reduce food intake and also gave rise to an involvement in the long term regulation of body weight, especially under conditions of obesity. In addition, studies indicated the involvement of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in other homeostatic functions as well: glucose homeostasis, water intake, gastrointestinal functions, temperature regulation, cardiovascular functions, puberty onset and sleep. These pleiotropic actions underline the physiological relevance of this peptide. Recently, the involvement of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in psychiatric disorders such as anxiety has been investigated giving rise to the speculation that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 represents a peptidergic link between eating and anxiety/depression disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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Yoshimura M, Uezono Y, Ueta Y. Anorexia in human and experimental animal models: physiological aspects related to neuropeptides. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:385-95. [PMID: 26123258 PMCID: PMC10717229 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia, a loss of appetite for food, can be caused by various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this review, firstly, clinical aspects of anorexia nervosa are summarized in brief. Secondly, hypothalamic neuropeptides responsible for feeding regulation in each hypothalamic nucleus are discussed. Finally, three different types of anorexigenic animal models; dehydration-induced anorexia, cisplatin-induced anorexia and cancer anorexia-cachexia, are introduced. In conclusion, hypothalamic neuropeptides may give us novel insight to understand and find effective therapeutics strategy essential for various kinds of anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yoshimura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555 Japan
| | - Yasuhito Uezono
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555 Japan
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Senin LL, Al-Massadi O, Barja-Fernandez S, Folgueira C, Castelao C, Tovar SA, Leis R, Lago F, Baltar J, Baamonde I, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF, Seoane LM. Regulation of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 production in rat's stomach and adipose tissue is dependent on age, testosterone levels and lactating status. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 411:105-12. [PMID: 25916958 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, which is derived from the NEFA/nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2) precursor, was recently identified as an anorexigenic peptide that is produced in several tissues including the hypothalamus. Currently, no data exist regarding the regulation of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 production in peripheral tissues, such as gastric mucosa and adipose tissue, through different periods of development. The aim of the present work was to study the variations on circulating levels, mRNA expression and tissue content in gastric mucosa and adipose tissue of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 with age and specially in two clue periods of maturation, weaning and puberty. The weaning period affected NUCB2/nesfatin-1 production in gastric tissue. The testosterone changes associated with the initiation of puberty regulated NUCB2/nesfatin-1 production via adipose tissue and gastric NUCB2/nesfatin-1 production. In conclusion, the production of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 by the stomach and adipose tissue fluctuates with age to regulate energy homeostasis during different states of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia L Senin
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS).; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Omar Al-Massadi
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Department of Physiology, Research Centre of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Barja-Fernandez
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS).; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Pediatric Department, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cintia Folgueira
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS).; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Department of Physiology, Research Centre of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cecilia Castelao
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS).; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sulay A Tovar
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Department of Physiology, Research Centre of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosaura Leis
- Pediatric Department, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit and Department of Cardiology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Baltar
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ivan Baamonde
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Department of Physiology, Research Centre of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luisa M Seoane
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS).; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Hahn JD, Swanson LW. Connections of the juxtaventromedial region of the lateral hypothalamic area in the male rat. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:66. [PMID: 26074786 PMCID: PMC4445319 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary conservation of the hypothalamus attests to its critical role in the control of fundamental behaviors. However, our knowledge of hypothalamic connections is incomplete, particularly for the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). Here we present the results of neuronal pathway-tracing experiments to investigate connections of the LHA juxtaventromedial region, which is parceled into dorsal (LHAjvd) and ventral (LHAjvv) zones. Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL, for outputs) and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB, for inputs) coinjections were targeted stereotaxically to the LHAjvd/v. Results: LHAjvd/v connections overlapped highly but not uniformly. Major joint outputs included: Bed nuc. stria terminalis (BST), interfascicular nuc. (BSTif) and BST anteromedial area, rostral lateral septal (LSr)- and ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) nuc., and periaqueductal gray. Prominent joint LHAjvd/v input sources included: BSTif, BST principal nuc., LSr, VMH, anterior hypothalamic-, ventral premammillary-, and medial amygdalar nuc., and hippocampal formation (HPF) field CA1. However, LHAjvd HPF retrograde labeling was markedly more abundant than from the LHAjvv; in the LSr this was reversed. Furthermore, robust LHAjvv (but not LHAjvd) targets included posterior- and basomedial amygdalar nuc., whereas the midbrain reticular nuc. received a dense input from the LHAjvd alone. Our analyses indicate the existence of about 500 LHAjvd and LHAjvv connections with about 200 distinct regions of the cerebral cortex, cerebral nuclei, and cerebrospinal trunk. Several highly LHAjvd/v-connected regions have a prominent role in reproductive behavior. These findings contrast with those from our previous pathway-tracing studies of other LHA medial and perifornical tier regions, with different connectional behavioral relations. The emerging picture is of a highly differentiated LHA with extensive and far-reaching connections that point to a role as a central coordinator of behavioral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Hahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Larry W Swanson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kim J, Chung Y, Kim H, Im E, Lee H, Yang H. The Tissue Distribution of Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in Mouse. Dev Reprod 2015; 18:301-9. [PMID: 25949201 DOI: 10.12717/devrep.2014.18.4.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, an anorexic nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2)-derived hypothalamic peptide, controls appetite and energy metabolism. Recent studies show that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is expressed not only in the brain but also in gastric and adipose tissues. Thus, we investigated the distributions of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in various tissues of male and female mice by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. Real-time PCR analyses showed that NUCB2 mRNA was predominantly expressed in the pituitary and at lower levels in the hypothalamus, spleen, thymus, heart, liver, and muscle of both male and female mice. Expression was much higher in reproductive organs, such as the testis, epididymis, ovary, and uterus, than in the hypothalamus. Western blot analysis of the nesfatin-1 protein level showed similar results to the real-time PCR analyses in both male and female mice. These results suggest that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 have widespread physiological effects in endocrine and non-endocrine organs. In addition, immunohistochemical staining revealed that nesfatin-1 was localized in interstitial cells, including Leydig cells and in the columnar epithelium of the epididymis. Nesfatin-1 was also expressed in theca cells and interstitial cells in the ovary and in epithelial cells of the endometrium and uterine glands in the uterus. These results suggest that nesfatin-1 is a novel potent regulator of steroidogenesis and gonadal function in male and female reproductive organs. Further studies are required to elucidate the functions of nesfatin-1 in various organs of male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Kim
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
| | - Yiwa Chung
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
| | - Hyunwon Yang
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
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Kim J, Yang H. Nesfatin-1 as a new potent regulator in reproductive system. Dev Reprod 2015; 16:253-64. [PMID: 25949098 PMCID: PMC4282246 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2012.16.4.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a recently discovered anorexigenic peptide which is distributed in several brain areas implicated in the feeding and metabolic regulation. Recently, it has been reported that nesfatin-1 is expressed not only in brain, but also in peripheral organs such as digestive organs, adipose tissues, heart, and reproductive organs. Nesfatin-1 is markedly expressed in the pancreas, stomach and duodenum. Eventually, the nesfatin-1 expression in the digestive organs may be regulated by nutritional status, which suggests a regulatory role of peripheral nesfatin-1 in energy homeostasis. Nesfatin-1 is also detected in the adipose tissues of humans and rodents, indicating that nesfatin-1 expression in the fat may regulate food intake independently, rather than relying on leptin. In addition, nesfatin-1 is expressed in the heart as a cardiac peptide. It suggests that nesfatin-1 may regulate cardiac function and encourage clinical potential in the presence of nutrition-dependent physio-pathologic cardiovascular diseases. Currently, only a few studies demonstrate that nesfatin-1 is expressed in the reproductive system. However, it is not clear yet what function of nesfatin-1 is in the reproductive organs. Here, we summarize the expression of nesfatin-1 and its roles in brain and peripheral organs and discuss the possible roles of nesfatin-1 expressed in reproductive organs, including testis, epididymis, ovary, and uterus. We come to the conclusion that nesfatin-1 as a local regulator in male and female reproductive organs may regulate the steroidogenesis in the testis and ovary and the physiological activity in epididymis and uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Kim
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
| | - Hyunwon Yang
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
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42
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Abstract
Nesfatin-1, an anorexic nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2)-derived hypothalamic peptide, controls appetite and energy metabolism. Recent studies show that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is expressed not only in the brain but also in gastric and adipose tissues. Thus, we investigated the distributions of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in various tissues of male and female mice by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. Real-time PCR analyses showed that NUCB2 mRNA was predominantly expressed in the pituitary and at lower levels in the hypothalamus, spleen, thymus, heart, liver, and muscle of both male and female mice. Expression was much higher in reproductive organs, such as the testis, epididymis, ovary, and uterus, than in the hypothalamus. Western blot analysis of the nesfatin-1 protein level showed similar results to the real-time PCR analyses in both male and female mice. These results suggest that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 have widespread physiological effects in endocrine and non-endocrine organs. In addition, immunohistochemical staining revealed that nesfatin-1 was localized in interstitial cells, including Leydig cells and in the columnar epithelium of the epididymis. Nesfatin-1 was also expressed in theca cells and interstitial cells in the ovary and in epithelial cells of the endometrium and uterine glands in the uterus. These results suggest that nesfatin-1 is a novel potent regulator of steroidogenesis and gonadal function in male and female reproductive organs. Further studies are required to elucidate the functions of nesfatin-1 in various organs of male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Kim
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
| | - Yiwa Chung
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
| | - Hyunwon Yang
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
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Sokolowski K, Esumi S, Hirata T, Kamal Y, Tran T, Lam A, Oboti L, Brighthaupt SC, Zaghlula M, Martinez J, Ghimbovschi S, Knoblach S, Pierani A, Tamamaki N, Shah NM, Jones KS, Corbin JG. Specification of select hypothalamic circuits and innate behaviors by the embryonic patterning gene dbx1. Neuron 2015; 86:403-16. [PMID: 25864637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus integrates information required for the production of a variety of innate behaviors such as feeding, mating, aggression, and predator avoidance. Despite an extensive knowledge of hypothalamic function, how embryonic genetic programs specify circuits that regulate these behaviors remains unknown. Here, we find that in the hypothalamus the developmentally regulated homeodomain-containing transcription factor Dbx1 is required for the generation of specific subclasses of neurons within the lateral hypothalamic area/zona incerta (LH) and the arcuate (Arc) nucleus. Consistent with this specific developmental role, Dbx1 hypothalamic-specific conditional-knockout mice display attenuated responses to predator odor and feeding stressors but do not display deficits in other innate behaviors such as mating or conspecific aggression. Thus, activity of a single developmentally regulated gene, Dbx1, is a shared requirement for the specification of hypothalamic nuclei governing a subset of innate behaviors. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Sokolowski
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Shigeyuki Esumi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture 860-0862, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hirata
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Yasman Kamal
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Tuyen Tran
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Andrew Lam
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Livio Oboti
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Sherri-Chanelle Brighthaupt
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Manar Zaghlula
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Svetlana Ghimbovschi
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Susan Knoblach
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Institut Jacques Monod, Universite Paris Diderot, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nobuaki Tamamaki
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture 860-0862, Japan
| | - Nirao M Shah
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kevin S Jones
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Joshua G Corbin
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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Mortazavi S, Gonzalez R, Ceddia R, Unniappan S. Long-term infusion of nesfatin-1 causes a sustained regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis of male Fischer 344 rats. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:22. [PMID: 25905102 PMCID: PMC4389570 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, the N-terminal fragment of nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2), is an 82 amino-acid peptide that inhibits food intake and exerts weight-reducing effects. Nesfatin-1 has been proposed as a potential anti-obesity peptide. However, studies to date have mainly focused on the acute satiety effects of centrally administered nesfatin-1. The main objective of our studies was to characterize the long-term/chronic effects of peripheral administration of nesfatin-1 on whole-body energy balance and metabolic partitioning in male Fischer 344 rats. Short-term (1 day) subcutaneous infusion of nesfatin-1 (50 μg/kg body weight/day) using osmotic mini-pumps increased spontaneous physical activity and whole-body fat oxidation during the dark phase. This was accompanied by decreased food intake and basal metabolic rate compared to saline infused controls. On the seventh day of nesfatin-1 infusion, cumulative food intake, and total spontaneous physical activity during the dark phase were significantly reduced and elevated, respectively. Meanwhile, intraperitoneal injection of nesfatin-1 only caused a dark phase specific reduction in food intake and an increase in physical activity. NUCB2 mRNA expression in the brain and stomach, as well as serum NUCB2 concentrations were significantly reduced after 24 h fasting, while a post-prandial increase in serum NUCB2 was found in ad libitum fed rats. Collectively, our results indicate that chronic peripheral administration of nesfatin-1 at the dose tested, results in a sustained reduction in food intake and modulation of whole body energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Mortazavi
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ronald Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Rolando Ceddia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Konadhode RR, Pelluru D, Shiromani PJ. Neurons containing orexin or melanin concentrating hormone reciprocally regulate wake and sleep. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 8:244. [PMID: 25620917 PMCID: PMC4287014 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons containing orexin (hypocretin), or melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) are intermingled with each other in the perifornical and lateral hypothalamus. Each is a separate and distinct neuronal population, but they project to similar target areas in the brain. Orexin has been implicated in regulating arousal since loss of orexin neurons is associated with the sleep disorder narcolepsy. Microinjections of orexin into the brain or optogenetic stimulation of orexin neurons increase waking. Orexin neurons are active in waking and quiescent in sleep, which is consistent with their role in promoting waking. On the other hand, the MCH neurons are quiet in waking but active in sleep, suggesting that they could initiate sleep. Recently, for the first time the MCH neurons were stimulated optogenetically and it increased sleep. Indeed, optogenetic activation of MCH neurons induced sleep in both mice and rats at a circadian time when they should be awake, indicating the powerful effect that MCH neurons have in suppressing the wake-promoting effect of not only orexin but also of all of the other arousal neurotransmitters. Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is coexpressed with MCH in the MCH neurons, although MCH is also inhibitory. The inhibitory tone of the MCH neurons is opposite to the excitatory tone of the orexin neurons. We hypothesize that strength in activity of each determines wake vs. sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roda Rani Konadhode
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dheeraj Pelluru
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Priyattam J Shiromani
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC, USA ; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC, USA
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46
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Chung Y, Kim J, Im E, Kim H, Yang H. Progesterone and 17β-estradiol regulate expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in mouse pituitary gland. Peptides 2015; 63:4-9. [PMID: 25451467 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 was first shown to be involved in the control of appetite and energy metabolism in the hypothalamus. Many recent reports have shown nesfatin-1 expression in various tissues including the pituitary gland, but its expression and regulation mechanisms in the pituitary gland are unclear. Therefore, first, we investigated the mRNA and protein expression of nesfatin-1 in the pituitary using qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Expression of NUCB2 mRNA and nesfatin-1 protein was higher in the pituitary gland than in other organs, and nesfatin-1 protein was localized in many cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Next, we investigated whether NUCB2 mRNA expression in the pituitary gland was regulated by sex steroid hormones secreted by the ovary. Mice were ovariectomized and injected with progesterone (P4) and 17β-estradiol (E2). The expression of NUCB2 in the pituitary gland was dramatically decreased after ovariectomy and increased with injection of P4 and E2, respectively. The in vitro experiment to elucidate the direct effect of P4 and E2 on NUCB2 mRNA expression showed NUCB2 mRNA expression was significantly increased with E2 and decreased with P4 alone and P4 plus E2 in cultured pituitary tissue. The present study demonstrated that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was highly expressed in the mouse pituitary and was regulated by P4 and E2. These data suggest that reproductive-endocrine regulation through hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis may contribute to nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression in the pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwa Chung
- Department of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Department of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- Department of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwon Yang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Republic of Korea.
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The energy allocation function of sleep: A unifying theory of sleep, torpor, and continuous wakefulness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47:122-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yang BY, Tian ZB, Shan XZ, Li XY, Wei LZ, Zhao QX, Sun GR. Expression of nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 in gastrointestinal tissues of people. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:2486-2492. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i17.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect the expression of nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2)/nesfatin-1 protein in gastric fundus, body, antrum and colonic mucosa of simple obese people and normal-weight people, and to analyze the differences in the distribution of nesfatin-1 positive immune cells between different gastric areas and between gastric areas and the colon.
METHODS: A total of 191 specimens were obtained from 96 obese people and 95 normal-weight people without chronic diseases, who received gastroscopy or enteroscopy. The specimens were collected from gastric fundus, body, antrum and colonic mucosa. The expression of NUCB2 mRNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR. The expression of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein in the normal mucosa specimens from 48 patients with gastric cancer and 16 with colon cancer after surgical treatment was detected by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: The expression levels of NUCB2 mRNA in the gastric fundus, body and antrum of simple obese people were 2.04, 2.17, and 1.83 times higher than those in the normal controls (P = 0.015, 0.006, 0.009). However, the expression levels of NUCB2 mRNA in the colonic mucosa showed no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.069). The expression levels of NUCB2 mRNA in the gastric fundus, body and antrum mucosa of normal people were 2.64, 2.73, and 1.57 times higher than those in the colonic mucosa (P = 0.013, 0.005, 0.018), while the expression levels of NUCB2 mRNA in the gastric fundus, body and antrum mucosa of simple obese people were 2.76, 2.79, and 1.74 times higher than those in the colonic mucosa (P = 0.015, 0.009, 0.025). However, the expression level of NUCB2 mRNA in the gastric fundus and body showed no significant differences between simple obese people and normal people. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the similar distribution pattern of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the lower 1/3 to 2/3 of the gastric mucosal glands. The expression levels of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein in gastric fundus, body and antrum were significantly increased in simple obese people compared with normal people.
CONCLUSION: NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is widely expressed in gastrointestinal tissues of people, and the expression of NUCB2 mRNA and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein is up-regulated in simple obese people. The expression of NUCB2 mRNA in the gastric fundus and body is higher than that in the antrum.
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Finelli C, Martelli G, Rossano R, Padula MC, La Sala N, Sommella L, Tarantino G. Nesfatin-1: role as possible new anti-obesity treatment. EXCLI JOURNAL 2014; 13:586-91. [PMID: 26417285 PMCID: PMC4464156 DOI: pmid/26417285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we review on the current concepts about Nesfatin-1 as a new anti-obesity treatment and evaluate the existing issues in the context of this knowledge and the available literature. The intent is to enable clinicians to know Nesfatin-1 as a new anti-obesity treatment and make rational decisions based on this perspective as possible clinical application. Future research should seek to clarify whether Nesfatin-1 would be beneficial in the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Finelli
- Center of Obesity and Eating Disorders, Stella Maris Mediterraneum Foundation, Chiaromonte, Potenza, Italy
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Carmine Finelli, Center of Obesity and Eating Disorders, Stella Maris Mediterraneum Foundation, Chiaromonte, Potenza, Italy, E-mail:
| | - Giuseppe Martelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Padula
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Italy
| | - Nicolina La Sala
- Center of Obesity and Eating Disorders, Stella Maris Mediterraneum Foundation, Chiaromonte, Potenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Sommella
- Unit of Surgery, S. Giovanni Hospital - Lagonegro, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tarantino
- National Cancer Institute "Pascale Foundation" - IRCS- 83013 Mercogliano (Av), Italy
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50
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Abstract
Hunger and satiety are regulated in a complex fashion by a few food intake stimulatory (orexigenic) and a multitude of inhibitory (anorexigenic) factors produced in the periphery (mainly in the gastrointestinal tract) or directly in the brain. Within the brain, the hypothalamus plays a pivotal role as a production site of food intake regulatory factors. Importantly, this site integrates peripheral and central signaling factors to orchestrate food intake and in the long term body weight. Our knowledge on these regulatory pathways is not static but rather rapidly changing as new factors as well as up- and downstream signaling pathways of already known transmitters are uncovered. Hypothalamic nucleobindin2 (NUCB2), the precursor of nesfatin-1, was first described in 2006 and nesfatin-1 found to be a novel anorexigenic modulator of food intake and body weight. The initial report stimulated several groups to investigate the biological actions of nesfatin-1 and subsequent studies delineated the underlying brain mechanisms involved in its food reducing effect. Of interest was the demonstration that NUCB2 also exerts its anorexigenic action in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and is regulated at this site by changes in metabolic status with a diurnal rhythm inversely related to that of feeding in rats. The present review describes the current state-of-knowledge on central nesfatin-1's effects on food intake and body weight and highlights important missing links regarding cellular signaling mechanisms involved in nesfatin-1's action.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y. Taché
- Department of Medicine, CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center and Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Digestive Diseases Division UCLA, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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