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Oberman LM, Francis SM, Beynel L, Hynd M, Jaime M, Robins PL, Deng ZD, Stout J, van der Veen JW, Lisanby SH. Design and methodology for a proof of mechanism study of individualized neuronavigated continuous Theta burst stimulation for auditory processing in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1304528. [PMID: 38389984 PMCID: PMC10881663 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1304528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that aberrant excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance and dysfunctional structure and function of relevant brain networks may underlie the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the nomological network linking these constructs to quantifiable measures and mechanistically relating these constructs to behavioral symptoms of ASD is lacking. Herein we describe a within-subject, controlled, proof-of-mechanism study investigating the pathophysiology of auditory/language processing in adolescents with ASD. We utilize neurophysiological and neuroimaging techniques including magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) metrics of language network structure and function. Additionally, we apply a single, individually targeted session of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) as an experimental probe of the impact of perturbation of the system on these neurophysiological and neuroimaging outcomes. MRS, fMRI, and MEG measures are evaluated at baseline and immediately prior to and following cTBS over the posterior superior temporal cortex (pSTC), a region involved in auditory and language processing deficits in ASD. Also, behavioral measures of ASD and language processing and DWI measures of auditory/language network structures are obtained at baseline to characterize the relationship between the neuroimaging and neurophysiological measures and baseline symptom presentation. We hypothesize that local gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate concentrations (measured with MRS), and structural and functional activity and network connectivity (measured with DWI and fMRI), will significantly predict MEG indices of auditory/language processing and behavioral deficits in ASD. Furthermore, a single session of cTBS over left pSTC is hypothesized to lead to significant, acute changes in local glutamate and GABA concentration, functional activity and network connectivity, and MEG indices of auditory/language processing. We have completed the pilot phase of the study (n=20 Healthy Volunteer adults) and have begun enrollment for the main phase with adolescents with ASD (n=86; age 14-17). If successful, this study will establish a nomological network linking local E/I balance measures to functional and structural connectivity within relevant brain networks, ultimately connecting them to ASD symptoms. Furthermore, this study will inform future therapeutic trials using cTBS to treat the symptoms of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Oberman
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sunday M Francis
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lysianne Beynel
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Megan Hynd
- Clinical Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Miguel Jaime
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pei L Robins
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeff Stout
- Magnetoencephalography Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jan Willem van der Veen
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarah H Lisanby
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Wolff A, Northoff G. Temporal imprecision of phase coherence in schizophrenia and psychosis-dynamic mechanisms and diagnostic marker. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:425-438. [PMID: 38228893 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex disorder in which various pathophysiological models have been postulated. Brain imaging studies using EEG/MEG and fMRI show altered amplitude and, more recently, decrease in phase coherence in response to external stimuli. What are the dynamic mechanisms of such phase incoherence, and can it serve as a differential-diagnostic marker? Addressing this gap in our knowledge, we uniquely combine a review of previous findings, novel empirical data, and computational-dynamic simulation. The main findings are: (i) the review shows decreased phase coherence in SCZ across a variety of different tasks and frequencies, e.g., task- and frequency-unspecific, which is further supported by our own novel data; (ii) our own data demonstrate diagnostic specificity of decreased phase coherence for SCZ as distinguished from major depressive disorder; (iii) simulation data exhibit increased phase offset in SCZ leading to a precision index, in the millisecond range, of the phase coherence relative to the timing of the external stimulus. Together, we demonstrate the key role of temporal imprecision in phase coherence of SCZ, including its mechanisms (phase offsets, precision index) on the basis of which we propose a phase-based temporal imprecision model of psychosis (PTP). The PTP targets a deeper dynamic layer of a basic disturbance. This converges well with other models of psychosis like the basic self-disturbance and time-space experience changes, as discussed in phenomenological and spatiotemporal psychopathology, as well as with the models of aberrant predictive coding and disconnection as in computational psychiatry. Finally, our results show that temporal imprecision as manifest in decreased phase coherence is a promising candidate biomarker for clinical differential diagnosis of SCZ, and more broadly, psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Wolff
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada.
| | - Georg Northoff
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada.
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Green HL, Shen G, Franzen RE, Mcnamee M, Berman JI, Mowad TG, Ku M, Bloy L, Liu S, Chen YH, Airey M, McBride E, Goldin S, Dipiero MA, Blaskey L, Kuschner ES, Kim M, Konka K, Roberts TPL, Edgar JC. Differential Maturation of Auditory Cortex Activity in Young Children with Autism and Typical Development. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4076-4089. [PMID: 35960416 PMCID: PMC9372967 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Maturation of auditory cortex neural encoding processes was assessed in children with typical development (TD) and autism. Children 6-9 years old were enrolled at Time 1 (T1), with follow-up data obtained ~ 18 months later at Time 2 (T2), and ~ 36 months later at Time 3 (T3). Findings suggested an initial period of rapid auditory cortex maturation in autism, earlier than TD (prior to and surrounding the T1 exam), followed by a period of faster maturation in TD than autism (T1-T3). As a result of group maturation differences, post-stimulus group differences were observed at T1 but not T3. In contrast, stronger pre-stimulus activity in autism than TD was found at all time points, indicating this brain measure is stable across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Guannan Shen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rose E Franzen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marybeth Mcnamee
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theresa G Mowad
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan Airey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma McBride
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophia Goldin
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marissa A Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Konka
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Schwartz S, Wang L, Uribe S, Shinn-Cunningham B, Tager-Flusberg H. Auditory evoked potentials in adolescents with autism: An investigation of brain development, intellectual impairment, and neural encoding. Autism Res 2023; 16:1859-1876. [PMID: 37735966 PMCID: PMC10676753 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Limited research has evaluated neural encoding of sounds from a developmental perspective in individuals with autism (ASD), especially among those with intellectual disability. We compared auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in autistic adolescents with a wide range of intellectual abilities (n = 40, NVIQ 30-160) to both age-matched cognitively able neurotypical adolescent controls (NT-A, n = 37) and younger neurotypical children (NT-C, n = 27) to assess potential developmental delays. In addition to a classic measure of peak amplitude, we calculated a continuous measure of intra-class correlation (ICC) between each adolescent participant's AEP and the age-normative, average AEP waveforms calculated from NT-C and NT-A to study differences in signal morphology. We found that peak amplitudes of neural responses were significantly smaller in autistic adolescents compared to NT-A. We also found that the AEP morphology of autistic adolescents looked more like NT-A peers than NT-C but was still significantly different from NT-A AEP waveforms. Results suggest that AEPs of autistic adolescents present differently from NTs, regardless of age, and differences cannot be accounted for by developmental delay. Nonverbal intelligence significantly predicted how closely each adolescent's AEP resembled the age-normed waveform. These results support an evolving theory that the degree of disruption in early neural responses to low-level inputs is reflected in the severity of intellectual impairments in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sofia Uribe
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Helen Tager-Flusberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Gimlette S, Stapleton E. The interface of paediatric ENT and autism spectrum disorder: a complex conundrum for otolaryngologists. J Laryngol Otol 2023; 137:1083-1089. [PMID: 36073036 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215122001980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autism spectrum disorder is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition encompassing complex physical and neurological symptoms, including complex sensory symptoms. This review explores the interface between autism spectrum disorder and paediatric ENT. METHODS Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses ('PRISMA') guideline, a robust literature search and review was conducted by two researchers. Thirty-four papers were filtered into the final review. RESULTS Published literature clearly demonstrates potential for autism spectrum disorder to present in the form of auditory and other sensory symptoms to ENT surgeons and audiologists who may not fully appreciate this complex condition. Despite this well-documented link, auditory symptoms, auditory processing disorders and hearing loss within autism spectrum disorder remain poorly understood. CONCLUSION Improved recognition and understanding of autism spectrum disorder by otolaryngologists could enable more effective diagnostic and management strategies for autistic children who present with auditory and other sensory symptoms. In light of the current 'autism epidemic,' there is an urgent need for further research on this theme.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gimlette
- University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, UK
| | - E Stapleton
- Department of Otolaryngology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK
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Shan J, Gu Y, Zhang J, Hu X, Wu H, Yuan T, Zhao D. A scoping review of physiological biomarkers in autism. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1269880. [PMID: 37746140 PMCID: PMC10512710 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1269880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by pervasive deficits in social interaction, communication impairments, and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. This complex disorder is a significant public health concern due to its escalating incidence and detrimental impact on quality of life. Currently, extensive investigations are underway to identify prospective susceptibility or predictive biomarkers, employing a physiological biomarker-based framework. However, knowledge regarding physiological biomarkers in relation to Autism is sparse. We performed a scoping review to explore putative changes in physiological activities associated with behaviors in individuals with Autism. We identified studies published between January 2000 and June 2023 from online databases, and searched keywords included electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), electrodermal activity markers (EDA), eye-tracking markers. We specifically detected social-related symptoms such as impaired social communication in ASD patients. Our results indicated that the EEG/ERP N170 signal has undergone the most rigorous testing as a potential biomarker, showing promise in identifying subgroups within ASD and displaying potential as an indicator of treatment response. By gathering current data from various physiological biomarkers, we can obtain a comprehensive understanding of the physiological profiles of individuals with ASD, offering potential for subgrouping and targeted intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Shan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Arts and Sciences, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhao Gu
- Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Psychology, The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU, Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, Macau, China
| | - Tifei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Molloy CJ, Cooke J, Gatford NJF, Rivera-Olvera A, Avazzadeh S, Homberg JR, Grandjean J, Fernandes C, Shen S, Loth E, Srivastava DP, Gallagher L. Bridging the translational gap: what can synaptopathies tell us about autism? Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1191323. [PMID: 37441676 PMCID: PMC10333541 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1191323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple molecular pathways and cellular processes have been implicated in the neurobiology of autism and other neurodevelopmental conditions. There is a current focus on synaptic gene conditions, or synaptopathies, which refer to clinical conditions associated with rare genetic variants disrupting genes involved in synaptic biology. Synaptopathies are commonly associated with autism and developmental delay and may be associated with a range of other neuropsychiatric outcomes. Altered synaptic biology is suggested by both preclinical and clinical studies in autism based on evidence of differences in early brain structural development and altered glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission potentially perturbing excitatory and inhibitory balance. This review focusses on the NRXN-NLGN-SHANK pathway, which is implicated in the synaptic assembly, trans-synaptic signalling, and synaptic functioning. We provide an overview of the insights from preclinical molecular studies of the pathway. Concentrating on NRXN1 deletion and SHANK3 mutations, we discuss emerging understanding of cellular processes and electrophysiology from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) models derived from individuals with synaptopathies, neuroimaging and behavioural findings in animal models of Nrxn1 and Shank3 synaptic gene conditions, and key findings regarding autism features, brain and behavioural phenotypes from human clinical studies of synaptopathies. The identification of molecular-based biomarkers from preclinical models aims to advance the development of targeted therapeutic treatments. However, it remains challenging to translate preclinical animal models and iPSC studies to interpret human brain development and autism features. We discuss the existing challenges in preclinical and clinical synaptopathy research, and potential solutions to align methodologies across preclinical and clinical research. Bridging the translational gap between preclinical and clinical studies will be necessary to understand biological mechanisms, to identify targeted therapies, and ultimately to progress towards personalised approaches for complex neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara J. Molloy
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Cooke
- Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. F. Gatford
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Rivera-Olvera
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sahar Avazzadeh
- Physiology and Cellular Physiology Research Laboratory, CÚRAM SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, Human Biology Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joanes Grandjean
- Physiology and Cellular Physiology Research Laboratory, CÚRAM SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, Human Biology Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanbing Shen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, The SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva Loth
- Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak P. Srivastava
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- The Hospital for SickKids, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Crasta JE, Jacoby EC. The Effect of Attention on Auditory Processing in Adults on the Autism Spectrum. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06040-4. [PMID: 37349596 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of attention on auditory processing in autistic individuals. Electroencephalography data were recorded during two attention conditions (passive and active) from 24 autistic adults and 24 neurotypical controls, ages 17-30 years. The passive condition involved only listening to the clicks and the active condition involved a button press following single clicks in a modified paired-click paradigm. Participants completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and the Social Responsiveness Scale 2. The autistic group showed delayed N1 latencies and reduced evoked and phase-locked gamma power compared to neurotypical peers across both clicks and conditions. Longer N1 latencies and reduced gamma synchronization predicted greater social and sensory symptoms. Directing attention to auditory stimuli may be associated with more typical neural auditory processing in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewel E Crasta
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
- Occupational Therapy, The Ohio State University, 453 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Erica C Jacoby
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- , Miamisburg, USA
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9
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Gonçalves AM, Monteiro P. Autism Spectrum Disorder and auditory sensory alterations: a systematic review on the integrity of cognitive and neuronal functions related to auditory processing. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:325-408. [PMID: 36914900 PMCID: PMC10033482 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a wide spectrum of symptoms, mainly characterized by social, communication, and cognitive impairments. Latest diagnostic criteria according to DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, 2013) now include sensory issues among the four restricted/repetitive behavior features defined as "hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of environment". Here, we review auditory sensory alterations in patients with ASD. Considering the updated diagnostic criteria for ASD, we examined research evidence (2015-2022) of the integrity of the cognitive function in auditory-related tasks, the integrity of the peripheral auditory system, and the integrity of the central nervous system in patients diagnosed with ASD. Taking into account the different approaches and experimental study designs, we reappraise the knowledge on auditory sensory alterations and reflect on how these might be linked with behavior symptomatology in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patricia Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Alho J, Khan S, Mamashli F, Perrachione TK, Losh A, McGuiggan NM, Graham S, Nayal Z, Joseph RM, Hämäläinen MS, Bharadwaj H, Kenet T. Atypical cortical processing of bottom-up speech binding cues in children with autism spectrum disorders. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103336. [PMID: 36724734 PMCID: PMC9898310 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly display speech processing abnormalities. Binding of acoustic features of speech distributed across different frequencies into coherent speech objects is fundamental in speech perception. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the cortical processing of bottom-up acoustic cues for speech binding may be anomalous in ASD. We recorded magnetoencephalography while ASD children (ages 7-17) and typically developing peers heard sentences of sine-wave speech (SWS) and modulated SWS (MSS) where binding cues were restored through increased temporal coherence of the acoustic components and the introduction of harmonicity. The ASD group showed increased long-range feedforward functional connectivity from left auditory to parietal cortex with concurrent decreased local functional connectivity within the parietal region during MSS relative to SWS. As the parietal region has been implicated in auditory object binding, our findings support our hypothesis of atypical bottom-up speech binding in ASD. Furthermore, the long-range functional connectivity correlated with behaviorally measured auditory processing abnormalities, confirming the relevance of these atypical cortical signatures to the ASD phenotype. Lastly, the group difference in the local functional connectivity was driven by the youngest participants, suggesting that impaired speech binding in ASD might be ameliorated upon entering adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Alho
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Sheraz Khan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Fahimeh Mamashli
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Tyler K Perrachione
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ainsley Losh
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nicole M McGuiggan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Steven Graham
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Zein Nayal
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Robert M Joseph
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Matti S Hämäläinen
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hari Bharadwaj
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 715 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tal Kenet
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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11
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Zhang M, Hu X, Jiao J, Yuan D, Li S, Luo T, Wang M, Situ M, Sun X, Huang Y. Brain white matter microstructure abnormalities in children with optimal outcome from autism: a four-year follow-up study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20151. [PMID: 36418886 PMCID: PMC9684497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, with only a small proportion of people obtaining optimal outcomes. We do not know if children with ASD exhibit abnormalities in the white matter (WM) microstructure or if this pattern would predict ASD prognosis in a longitudinal study. 182 children with ASD were recruited for MRI and clinical assessment; 111 completed a four-year follow-up visit (30 with optimal outcomes, ASD-; 81 with persistent diagnosis, ASD+). Additionally, 72 typically developing controls (TDC) were recruited. The microstructural integrity of WM fiber tracts was revealed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and probabilistic tractography analyses. We examined the neuroimaging abnormality associated with ASD and its relationship to ASD with optimal outcome. The ASD+ and TDC groups were propensity score matched to the ASD- group in terms of age, gender, and IQ. TBSS indicated that children with ASD exhibited abnormalities in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and extending to the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) and cingulum; whereas the ASD+ group showed more severe abnormalities than the ASD- group. Probabilistic tractography analysis revealed that ASD+ group exhibited lower Fractional Anisotropy (FA) of the left superior thalamic radiation (STR L) than ASD- group, and that FA value of the STR L was a significant predictor of optimal outcome (EX(B), 6.25; 95% CI 2.50-15.63; p < 0.001). Children with ASD showed significant variations in SLF_L and STR_L, and STR_L was a predictor of 'ASD with optimal outcome'. Our findings may aid in comprehension of the mechanisms of 'ASD with optimal outcome'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxue Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412461.40000 0004 9334 6536The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danfeng Yuan
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sixun Li
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiwen Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingjing Situ
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueli Sun
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Huang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Wilde M, Constantin L, Thorne PR, Montgomery JM, Scott EK, Cheyne JE. Auditory processing in rodent models of autism: a systematic review. J Neurodev Disord 2022; 14:48. [PMID: 36042393 PMCID: PMC9429780 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-022-09458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a complex condition with many traits, including differences in auditory sensitivity. Studies in human autism are plagued by the difficulty of controlling for aetiology, whereas studies in individual rodent models cannot represent the full spectrum of human autism. This systematic review compares results in auditory studies across a wide range of established rodent models of autism to mimic the wide range of aetiologies in the human population. A search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases to find primary research articles in mouse or rat models of autism which investigate central auditory processing. A total of 88 studies were included. These used non-invasive measures of auditory function, such as auditory brainstem response recordings, cortical event-related potentials, electroencephalography, and behavioural tests, which are translatable to human studies. They also included invasive measures, such as electrophysiology and histology, which shed insight on the origins of the phenotypes found in the non-invasive studies. The most consistent results across these studies were increased latency of the N1 peak of event-related potentials, decreased power and coherence of gamma activity in the auditory cortex, and increased auditory startle responses to high sound levels. Invasive studies indicated loss of subcortical inhibitory neurons, hyperactivity in the lateral superior olive and auditory thalamus, and reduced specificity of responses in the auditory cortex. This review compares the auditory phenotypes across rodent models and highlights those that mimic findings in human studies, providing a framework and avenues for future studies to inform understanding of the auditory system in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Wilde
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lena Constantin
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peter R Thorne
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Section of Audiology, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Johanna M Montgomery
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ethan K Scott
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Juliette E Cheyne
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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13
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Jensen AR, Lane AL, Werner BA, McLees SE, Fletcher TS, Frye RE. Modern Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Future Directions. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:483-495. [PMID: 35759118 PMCID: PMC9411091 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is an increasingly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in the world today, with an estimated 2% of the population being affected in the USA. A major complicating factor in diagnosing, treating, and understanding autism spectrum disorder is that defining the disorder is solely based on the observation of behavior. Thus, recent research has focused on identifying specific biological abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder that can provide clues to diagnosis and treatment. Biomarkers are an objective way to identify and measure biological abnormalities for diagnostic purposes as well as to measure changes resulting from treatment. This current opinion paper discusses the state of research of various biomarkers currently in development for autism spectrum disorder. The types of biomarkers identified include prenatal history, genetics, neurological including neuroimaging, neurophysiologic, and visual attention, metabolic including abnormalities in mitochondrial, folate, trans-methylation, and trans-sulfuration pathways, immune including autoantibodies and cytokine dysregulation, autonomic nervous system, and nutritional. Many of these biomarkers have promising preliminary evidence for prenatal and post-natal pre-symptomatic risk assessment, confirmation of diagnosis, subtyping, and treatment response. However, most biomarkers have not undergone validation studies and most studies do not investigate biomarkers with clinically relevant comparison groups. Although the field of biomarker research in autism spectrum disorder is promising, it appears that it is currently in the early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Jensen
- Section on Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Alison L Lane
- Section on Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Brianna A Werner
- Section on Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Sallie E McLees
- Section on Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Tessa S Fletcher
- Section on Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Richard E Frye
- Section on Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA.
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14
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Scott KE, Mann RS, Schormans AL, Schmid S, Allman BL. Hyperexcitable and Immature-Like Neuronal Activity in the Auditory Cortex of Adult Rats Lacking the Language-Linked CNTNAP2 Gene. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4797-4817. [PMID: 35106542 PMCID: PMC9626820 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The contactin-associated protein-like 2 gene, CNTNAP2, is a highly penetrant risk gene thought to play a role in the genetic etiology of language-related disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and developmental language disorder. Despite its candidacy for influencing language development, few preclinical studies have examined the role of CNTNAP2 in auditory processing. Using in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological recordings in a rat model with translational validity, we report that a loss of the Cntnap2 gene function caused immature-like cortical evoked potentials, delayed multiunit response latencies to acoustic stimuli, impaired temporal processing, and led to a pattern of hyperexcitability in both multiunit and single cell recordings in adulthood. These collective results provide direct evidence that a constitutive loss of Cntnap2 gene function in rats can cause auditory processing impairments similar to those seen in language-related human disorders, indicating that its contribution in maintaining cortical neuron excitability may underlie the cortical activity alterations observed in Cntnap2−/− rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaela E Scott
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rajkamalpreet S Mann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley L Schormans
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne Schmid
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian L Allman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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15
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Khodatars M, Shoeibi A, Sadeghi D, Ghaasemi N, Jafari M, Moridian P, Khadem A, Alizadehsani R, Zare A, Kong Y, Khosravi A, Nahavandi S, Hussain S, Acharya UR, Berk M. Deep learning for neuroimaging-based diagnosis and rehabilitation of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A review. Comput Biol Med 2021; 139:104949. [PMID: 34737139 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) followed by effective rehabilitation is essential for the management of this disorder. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can aid physicians to apply automatic diagnosis and rehabilitation procedures. AI techniques comprise traditional machine learning (ML) approaches and deep learning (DL) techniques. Conventional ML methods employ various feature extraction and classification techniques, but in DL, the process of feature extraction and classification is accomplished intelligently and integrally. DL methods for diagnosis of ASD have been focused on neuroimaging-based approaches. Neuroimaging techniques are non-invasive disease markers potentially useful for ASD diagnosis. Structural and functional neuroimaging techniques provide physicians substantial information about the structure (anatomy and structural connectivity) and function (activity and functional connectivity) of the brain. Due to the intricate structure and function of the brain, proposing optimum procedures for ASD diagnosis with neuroimaging data without exploiting powerful AI techniques like DL may be challenging. In this paper, studies conducted with the aid of DL networks to distinguish ASD are investigated. Rehabilitation tools provided for supporting ASD patients utilizing DL networks are also assessed. Finally, we will present important challenges in the automated detection and rehabilitation of ASD and propose some future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjane Khodatars
- Dept. of Medical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afshin Shoeibi
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, FPGA Lab, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Computer Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Delaram Sadeghi
- Dept. of Medical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Navid Ghaasemi
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, FPGA Lab, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Computer Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Jafari
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parisa Moridian
- Faculty of Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khadem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roohallah Alizadehsani
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Victoria, 3217, Australia
| | - Assef Zare
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gonabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Yinan Kong
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Abbas Khosravi
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Victoria, 3217, Australia
| | - Saeid Nahavandi
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Victoria, 3217, Australia
| | | | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, 599489, Singapore; Dept. of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Williams ZJ, Abdelmessih PG, Key AP, Woynaroski TG. Cortical Auditory Processing of Simple Stimuli Is Altered in Autism: A Meta-analysis of Auditory Evoked Responses. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:767-781. [PMID: 33229245 PMCID: PMC8639293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory perceptual abnormalities are common in persons on the autism spectrum. The neurophysiologic underpinnings of these differences have frequently been studied using auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related magnetic fields (ERFs). However, no study to date has quantitatively synthesized this literature to determine whether early auditory ERP/ERF latencies or amplitudes in autistic persons differ from those of typically developing control subjects. METHODS We searched PubMed and ProQuest for studies comparing 1) latencies/amplitudes of P1/M50, N1b, N1c, M100, P2/M200, and/or N2 ERP/ERF components evoked by pure tones and 2) paired-click sensory gating (P1/N1b amplitude suppression) in autistic individuals and typically developing control subjects. Effects were synthesized using Bayesian 3-level meta-analysis. RESULTS In response to pure tones, autistic individuals exhibited prolonged P1/M50 latencies (g = 0.341 [95% credible interval = 0.166, 0.546]), prolonged M100 latencies (g = 0.319 [0.093, 0.550]), reduced N1c amplitudes (g = -0.812 [-1.278, -0.187]), and reduced N2 amplitudes (g = -0.374 [-0.633, -0.179]). There were no practically significant group differences in P2/M200 latencies, N2 latencies, P1/M50 amplitudes, N1b amplitudes, M100 amplitudes, or P2/M200 amplitudes. Paired-click sensory gating was also reduced in autistic individuals (g = -0.389 [-0.619, -0.112]), although this effect was primarily driven by smaller responses to the first click stimulus. CONCLUSIONS Relative to typically developing control subjects, autistic individuals demonstrate multiple alterations in early cortical auditory processing of simple stimuli. However, most group differences were modest in size and based on small numbers of heterogeneous studies with variable quality. Future work is necessary to understand whether these neurophysiologic measures can predict clinically meaningful outcomes or serve as stratification biomarkers for the autistic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Williams
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Peter G Abdelmessih
- Neuroscience Undergraduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alexandra P Key
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tiffany G Woynaroski
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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17
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Using Clustering to Examine Inter-individual Variability in Topography of Auditory Event-Related Potentials in Autism and Typical Development. Brain Topogr 2021; 34:681-697. [PMID: 34292447 PMCID: PMC8436953 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although prior studies have compared sensory event-related potential (ERP) responses between groups of autistic and typically-developing participants, it is unclear how heterogeneity contributes to the results of these studies. The present study used examined individual differences in these responses. 130 autistic children and 81 typically-developing children, aged between 2 and 5 years, listened to tones at four identity levels while 61-channel electroencephalography was recorded. Hierarchical clustering was used to group participants based on rescaled ERP topographies between 51 and 350 ms. The hierarchical clustering analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity. Some of the seven clusters defined in this analysis were characterized by prolonged fronto-central positivities and/or weak or absent N2 negativities. However, many other participants fell into clusters in which N2 responses were present at varying latencies. Atypical response morphologies such as absent N2 responses and/or prolonged positive-going responses found in some autistic participants may account for prior research findings of attenuated N2 amplitudes in autism. However, there was also considerable overlap between groups, with participants of both groups appearing in all clusters. These results emphasize the utility of using clustering to explore individual differences in brain responses, which can expand on and clarify the results of analyses of group mean differences.
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18
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Rotschafer SE. Auditory Discrimination in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:651209. [PMID: 34211363 PMCID: PMC8239241 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.651209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasingly common with 1 in 59 children in the United States currently meeting the diagnostic criteria. Altered sensory processing is typical in ASD, with auditory sensitivities being especially common; in particular, people with ASD frequently show heightened sensitivity to environmental sounds and a poor ability to tolerate loud sounds. These sensitivities may contribute to impairments in language comprehension and to a worsened ability to distinguish relevant sounds from background noise. Event-related potential tests have found that individuals with ASD show altered cortical activity to both simple and speech-like sounds, which likely contribute to the observed processing impairments. Our goal in this review is to provide a description of ASD-related changes to the auditory system and how those changes contribute to the impairments seen in sound discrimination, sound-in-noise performance, and language processing. In particular, we emphasize how differences in the degree of cortical activation and in temporal processing may contribute to errors in sound discrimination.
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19
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Alho J, Bharadwaj H, Khan S, Mamashli F, Perrachione TK, Losh A, McGuiggan NM, Joseph RM, Hämäläinen MS, Kenet T. Altered maturation and atypical cortical processing of spoken sentences in autism spectrum disorder. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 203:102077. [PMID: 34033856 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with widespread receptive language impairments, yet the neural mechanisms underlying these deficits are poorly understood. Neuroimaging has shown that processing of socially-relevant sounds, including speech and non-speech, is atypical in ASD. However, it is unclear how the presence of lexical-semantic meaning affects speech processing in ASD. Here, we recorded magnetoencephalography data from individuals with ASD (N = 22, ages 7-17, 4 females) and typically developing (TD) peers (N = 30, ages 7-17, 5 females) during unattended listening to meaningful auditory speech sentences and meaningless jabberwocky sentences. After adjusting for age, ASD individuals showed stronger responses to meaningless jabberwocky sentences than to meaningful speech sentences in the same left temporal and parietal language regions where TD individuals exhibited stronger responses to meaningful speech. Maturational trajectories of meaningful speech responses were atypical in temporal, but not parietal, regions in ASD. Temporal responses were associated with ASD severity, while parietal responses were associated with aberrant involuntary attentional shifting in ASD. Our findings suggest a receptive speech processing dysfunction in ASD, wherein unattended meaningful speech elicits abnormal engagement of the language system, while unattended meaningless speech, filtered out in TD individuals, engages the language system through involuntary attention capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Alho
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hari Bharadwaj
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sheraz Khan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fahimeh Mamashli
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler K Perrachione
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ainsley Losh
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Nicole M McGuiggan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert M Joseph
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matti S Hämäläinen
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tal Kenet
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Chen F, Zhang H, Ding H, Wang S, Peng G, Zhang Y. Neural coding of formant-exaggerated speech and nonspeech in children with and without autism spectrum disorders. Autism Res 2021; 14:1357-1374. [PMID: 33792205 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The presence of vowel exaggeration in infant-directed speech (IDS) may adapt to the age-appropriate demands in speech and language acquisition. Previous studies have provided behavioral evidence of atypical auditory processing towards IDS in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), while the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. This event-related potential (ERP) study investigated the neural coding of formant-exaggerated speech and nonspeech in 24 4- to 11-year-old children with ASD and 24 typically-developing (TD) peers. The EEG data were recorded using an alternating block design, in which each stimulus type (exaggerated/non-exaggerated sound) was presented with equal probability. ERP waveform analysis revealed an enhanced P1 for vowel formant exaggeration in the TD group but not in the ASD group. This speech-specific atypical processing in ASD was not found for the nonspeech stimuli which showed similar P1 enhancement in both ASD and TD groups. Moreover, the time-frequency analysis indicated that children with ASD showed differences in neural synchronization in the delta-theta bands for processing acoustic formant changes embedded in nonspeech. Collectively, the results add substantiating neurophysiological evidence (i.e., a lack of neural enhancement effect of vowel exaggeration) for atypical auditory processing of IDS in children with ASD, which may exert a negative effect on phonetic encoding and language learning. LAY SUMMARY: Atypical responses to motherese might act as a potential early marker of risk for children with ASD. This study investigated the neural responses to such socially relevant stimuli in the ASD brain, and the results suggested a lack of neural enhancement responding to the motherese even in individuals without intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- School of Foreign Languages, Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Research Centre for Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience & Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences & Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Ding
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suiping Wang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Research Centre for Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience & Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences & Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
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21
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Norcia AM, Lee A, Meredith WJ, Kohler PJ, Pei F, Ghassan SA, Libove RA, Phillips JM, Hardan AY. A case-control study of visual, auditory and audio-visual sensory interactions in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Vis 2021; 21:5. [PMID: 33830169 PMCID: PMC8039569 DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the relative integrity of early visual and auditory processes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we used frequency-tagged visual and auditory stimulation and high-density electroencephalogram recordings of unimodal and dual-modality responses in a case-control design. To test for the specificity of effects on ASD, we recorded from a smaller group of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Horizontal 3 cycle per degree (cpd) gratings were presented at 5 Hz, and a random stream of /ba/, /da/, /ga/ syllables was presented at 6 Hz. Grating contrast response functions were measured unimodally and in the presence of a 64-dB auditory input. Auditory response functions were measured unimodally and in the presence of a 40% contrast grating. Children with ASD (n = 34) and ADHD (n = 13) showed a common lack of audio-visual interaction compared to typically developing children (n = 40) when measured at the first harmonic of the visual stimulus frequency. Both patient groups also showed depressed first harmonic responses at low contrast, but the ADHD group had consistently higher first-harmonic responses at high contrast. Children with ASD had a preferential loss of second-harmonic (transient) responses. The alteredtransient responses in ASD are likely to arise very early in the visual pathway and could thus have downstream consequences for many other visual mechanisms and processes. The alteration in audio-visual interaction could be a signature of a comorbid phenotype shared by ASD and ADHD, possibly due to alterations in attentional selection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Norcia
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Azalea Lee
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter J Kohler
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Francesca Pei
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Ghassan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robin A Libove
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Y Hardan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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22
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Jorgensen AR, Whitehouse AJO, Fox AM, Maybery MT. Delayed cortical processing of auditory stimuli in children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis of electrophysiological studies. Brain Cogn 2021; 150:105709. [PMID: 33774338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several researchers have hypothesised that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show encoding delays in their obligatory event-related potentials (ERPs)/ event-related fields (ERFs) for low-level auditory information compared to neurotypical (NT) samples. However, empirical research has yielded varied findings, such as low-level auditory processing in ASD samples being unimpaired, superior, or impaired compared to NT samples. Diverse outcomes have also been reported for studies investigating ASD-NT differences in functional lateralisation of delays. The lack of consistency across studies has prevented a comprehensive understanding of the overall effects in the autistic population. Therefore, this meta-analysis compared long-latency ERPs and ERFs produced by autistic and NT individuals to non-linguistic auditory stimuli to test, firstly, the robustness of auditory processing differences and, secondly, whether these differences are observed in one or both hemispheres. Nine articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analytic results indicated that autistic individuals demonstrate bilaterally delayed P1/ M50 peaks and lateralised delays in the right but not left hemisphere N1/ M100 peak. These results further inform our understanding of auditory processing and lateralisation across the autism spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Jorgensen
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, M304, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Andrew J O Whitehouse
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Allison M Fox
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, M304, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Murray T Maybery
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, M304, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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23
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Dwyer P, De Meo-Monteil R, Saron CD, Rivera SM. Effects of age on loudness-dependent auditory ERPs in young autistic and typically-developing children. Neuropsychologia 2021; 156:107837. [PMID: 33781752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Limited research has investigated the development of auditory ERPs in young children, and particularly how stimulus intensity may affect these auditory ERPs. Previous research has also yielded inconsistent findings regarding differences in the development of auditory ERPs in autism and typical development. Furthermore, stimulus intensity may be of particular interest in autism insofar as autistic people may have atypical experiences of sound intensity (e.g., hyperacusis). Therefore, the present study examined associations between age and ERPs evoked by tones of differing intensities (50, 60, 70, and 80 dB SPL) in a large sample of young children (2-5 years) with and without an autism diagnosis. Correlations between age and P1 latencies were examined, while cluster-based permutation testing was used to examine associations between age and neural response amplitudes, as well as group differences in amplitude, over all electrode sites in the longer time window of 1-350 ms. Older autistic participants had faster P1 latencies, but these effects only attained significance over the right hemisphere in response to soft 50 dB sounds. Autistic participants had slower P1 responses to 80 dB sounds over the right hemisphere. Over the scalp regions associated with the later N2 response, more negative response amplitudes (that is, larger N2 responses) were observed in typically-developing than autistic participants. Furthermore, continuous associations between response amplitudes and age suggested that older typically-developing participants exhibited stronger N2 responses to all intensities, though this effect may have at least in part reflected the absence of small positive voltage deflections in the N2 latency window. Age was associated with amplitudes of responses to 50 dB through 70 dB sounds in autism, but in contrast to Typical Development (TD), little evidence of relationships between age and amplitudes in the N2 latency window was found in autism in the 80 dB condition. Although caution should be exercised in interpretation due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, these findings suggest that developmental changes in auditory responses may differ across diagnostic groups in a manner that depends on perceived loudness and/or stimulus intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dwyer
- Department of Psychology, UC Davis, United States; Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, United States.
| | | | - Clifford D Saron
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, United States; MIND Institute, UC Davis, United States
| | - Susan M Rivera
- Department of Psychology, UC Davis, United States; Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, United States; MIND Institute, UC Davis, United States
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24
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Hoffmann A, Spengler D. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Supports a Role of CHD8 in Autism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3261. [PMID: 33806835 PMCID: PMC8004931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase domain 8 (CHD8) is one of the most frequently mutated and most penetrant genes in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals with CHD8 mutations show leading symptoms of autism, macrocephaly, and facial dysmorphisms. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning the early onset and development of these symptoms are still poorly understood and prevent timely and more efficient therapies of patients. Progress in this area will require an understanding of "when, why and how cells deviate from their normal trajectories". High-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) directly quantifies information-bearing RNA molecules that enact each cell's biological identity. Here, we discuss recent insights from sc-RNAseq of CRISPR/Cas9-editing of Chd8/CHD8 during mouse neocorticogenesis and human cerebral organoids. Given that the deregulation of the balance between excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) in cortical and subcortical circuits is thought to represent a major etiopathogenetic mechanism in ASD, we focus on the question of whether, and to what degree, results from current sc-RNAseq studies support this hypothesis. Beyond that, we discuss the pros and cons of these approaches and further steps to be taken to harvest the full potential of these transformative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dietmar Spengler
- Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany;
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25
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Kuschner ES, Kim M, Bloy L, Dipiero M, Edgar JC, Roberts TPL. MEG-PLAN: a clinical and technical protocol for obtaining magnetoencephalography data in minimally verbal or nonverbal children who have autism spectrum disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:8. [PMID: 33485311 PMCID: PMC7827989 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging research on individuals who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has historically been limited primarily to those with age-appropriate cognitive and language performance. Children with limited abilities are frequently excluded from such neuroscience research given anticipated barriers like tolerating the loud sounds associated with magnetic resonance imaging and remaining still during data collection. To better understand brain function across the full range of ASD there is a need to (1) include individuals with limited cognitive and language performance in neuroimaging research (non-sedated, awake) and (2) improve data quality across the performance range. The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and test the feasibility of a clinical/behavioral and technical protocol for obtaining magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Participants were 38 children with ASD (8-12 years) meeting the study definition of minimally verbal/nonverbal language. MEG data were obtained during a passive pure-tone auditory task. RESULTS Based on stakeholder feedback, the MEG Protocol for Low-language/cognitive Ability Neuroimaging (MEG-PLAN) was developed, integrating clinical/behavioral and technical components to be implemented by an interdisciplinary team (clinicians, behavior specialists, scientists, and technologists). Using MEG-PLAN, a 74% success rate was achieved for acquiring MEG data, with a 71% success rate for evaluable and analyzable data. Exploratory analyses suggested nonverbal IQ and adaptive skills were related to reaching the point of acquirable data. No differences in group characteristics were observed between those with acquirable versus evaluable/analyzable data. Examination of data quality (evaluable trial count) was acceptable. Moreover, results were reproducible, with high intraclass correlation coefficients for pure-tone auditory latency. CONCLUSIONS Children who have ASD who are minimally verbal/nonverbal, and often have co-occurring cognitive impairments, can be effectively and comfortably supported to complete an electrophysiological exam that yields valid and reproducible results. MEG-PLAN is a protocol that can be disseminated and implemented across research teams and adapted across technologies and neurodevelopmental disorders to collect electrophysiology and neuroimaging data in previously understudied groups of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, 5th Floor, Room 5251, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, 5th Floor, Room 5251, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, 5th Floor, Room 5251, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - Marissa Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, 5th Floor, Room 5251, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, 5th Floor, Room 5251, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, 5th Floor, Room 5251, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
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26
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Aberrant auditory system and its developmental implications for autism. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:861-878. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Li A, Gao G, Fu T, Pang W, Zhang X, Qin Z, Ge R. Continued development of auditory ability in autism spectrum disorder children: A clinical study on click-evoked auditory brainstem response. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 138:110305. [PMID: 32836141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to analyze the developmental mode of auditory at the level of brainstem in preschool autistic children using click-evoked auditory brainstem response (click-ABR). METHODS Twenty children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 20 age matched typical development children (TD) were recruited. The detail data recorded from click-ABR were collected at two time periods (T1 and T2). RESULTS There was no significant change in TD group at two time periods. In ASD group, wave V latency was significantly shortened at T2 compared to that recorded at T1. The interpeak latency of I-V was short at T2 versus at T1 in the autistic children. Compared to the TD group, ASD was associated with longer latencies for waves V and longer interpeak latencies of I-III, I-V at T1. In addition, ASD group also indicated longer latencies of wave III and wave V, longer interpeak latencies of I-III and I-V at T2 compared to the TD group. CONCLUSIONS ASD group had immature and dysfunction developmental mode in auditory stimuli perception at the level of brainstem. The performance of auditory ability in children with ASD improved gradually with ages. However, there are still differences compared with TD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifeng Li
- Key Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Guoqiang Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Key Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenhui Pang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zuorong Qin
- Key Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruifeng Ge
- Key Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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28
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Auditory Mapping With MEG: An Update on the Current State of Clinical Research and Practice With Considerations for Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 37:574-584. [DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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29
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de Vries L, Fouquaet I, Boets B, Naulaers G, Steyaert J. Autism spectrum disorder and pupillometry: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:479-508. [PMID: 33172600 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pupillometry, measuring pupil size and reactivity, has been proposed as a measure of autonomic nervous system functioning, the latter which might be altered in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to evaluate if pupillary responses differ in individuals with and without ASD. After performing a systematic literature search, we conducted a meta-analysis and constructed a qualitative synthesis. The meta-analysis shows a longer latency of the pupil response in the ASD-group as a substantial group difference, with a Hedges' g of 1.03 (95% CI 0.49-1.56, p = 0.008). Evidence on baseline pupil size and amplitude change is conflicting. We used the framework method to perform a qualitative evaluation of these differences. Explanations for the group differences vary between studies and are inconclusive, but many authors point to involvement of the autonomous nervous system and more specifically the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system. Pupillometry reveals differences between people with and without ASD, but the exact meaning of these differences remains unknown. Future studies should align research designs and investigate a possible effect of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyssa de Vries
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Child Psychiatry, UPC KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Iris Fouquaet
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Boets
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gunnar Naulaers
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean Steyaert
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Child Psychiatry, UPC KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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30
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Roberts TPL, Bloy L, Ku M, Blaskey L, Jackel CR, Edgar JC, Berman JI. A Multimodal Study of the Contributions of Conduction Velocity to the Auditory Evoked Neuromagnetic Response: Anomalies in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2020; 13:1730-1745. [PMID: 32924333 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This multimodal imaging study used magnetoencephalography, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to identify and contrast the multiple physiological mechanisms associated with auditory processing efficiency in typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Efficient transmission of auditory input between the ear and auditory cortex is necessary for rapid encoding of auditory sensory information. It was hypothesized that the M50 auditory evoked response latency would be modulated by white matter microstructure (indexed by diffusion MRI) and by tonic inhibition (indexed by GABA MRS). Participants were 77 children diagnosed with ASD and 40 TD controls aged 7-17 years. A model of M50 latency with auditory radiation fractional anisotropy and age as independent variables was able to predict 52% of M50 latency variance in TD children, but only 12% of variance in ASD. The ASD group exhibited altered patterns of M50 latency modulation characterized by both higher variance and deviation from the expected structure-function relationship established with the TD group. The TD M50 latency model was used to identify a subpopulation of ASD who are significant "outliers" to the TD model. The ASD outlier group exhibited unexpectedly long M50 latencies in conjunction with significantly lower GABA levels. These findings indicate the dependence of electrophysiologic sensory response latency on underlying microstructure (white matter) and neurochemistry (synaptic activity). This study demonstrates the use of biologically based measures to stratify ASD according to their brain-level "building blocks" as an alternative to their behavioral phenotype. LAY SUMMARY: Children with ASD often have a slower brain response when hearing sounds. This study used multiple brain imaging techniques to examine the structural and neurochemical factors which control the brain's response time to auditory tones in children with ASD and TD children. The relationship between brain imaging measures and brain response time was also used to identify ASD subgroups. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1730-1745. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P L Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matt Ku
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Autism Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carissa R Jackel
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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31
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Dwyer P, Wang X, De Meo-Monteil R, Hsieh F, Saron CD, Rivera SM. Defining clusters of young autistic and typically developing children based on loudness-dependent auditory electrophysiological responses. Mol Autism 2020; 11:48. [PMID: 32539866 PMCID: PMC7294610 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autistic individuals exhibit atypical patterns of sensory processing that are known to be related to quality of life, but which are also highly heterogeneous. Previous investigations of this heterogeneity have ordinarily used questionnaires and have rarely investigated sensory processing in typical development (TD) alongside autism spectrum development (ASD). METHODS The present study used hierarchical clustering in a large sample to identify subgroups of young autistic and typically developing children based on the normalized global field power (GFP) of their event-related potentials (ERPs) to auditory stimuli of four different loudness intensities (50, 60, 70, 80 dB SPL): that is, based on an index of the relative strengths of their neural responses across these loudness conditions. RESULTS Four clusters of participants were defined. Normalized GFP responses to sounds of different intensities differed strongly across clusters. There was considerable overlap in cluster assignments of autistic and typically developing participants, but autistic participants were more likely to display a pattern of relatively linear increases in response strength accompanied by a disproportionately strong response to 70 dB stimuli. Autistic participants displaying this pattern trended towards obtaining higher scores on assessments of cognitive abilities. There was also a trend for typically developing participants to disproportionately fall into a cluster characterized by disproportionately/nonlinearly strong 60 dB responses. Greater auditory distractibility was reported among autistic participants in a cluster characterized by disproportionately strong responses to the loudest (80 dB) sounds, and furthermore, relatively strong responses to loud sounds were correlated with auditory distractibility. This appears to provide evidence of coinciding behavioral and neural sensory atypicalities. LIMITATIONS Replication may be needed to verify exploratory results. This analysis does not address variability related to classical ERP latencies and topographies. The sensory questionnaire employed was not specifically designed for use in autism. Hearing acuity was not measured. Variability in sensory responses unrelated to loudness is not addressed, leaving room for additional research. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate the broader benefits of using electrophysiology to explore individual differences. They illuminate different neural response patterns and suggest relationships between sensory neural responses and sensory behaviors, cognitive abilities, and autism diagnostic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dwyer
- Department of Psychology, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618 USA
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Statistics, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | | | - Fushing Hsieh
- Department of Statistics, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Clifford D. Saron
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618 USA
- MIND Institute, UC Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Susan M. Rivera
- Department of Psychology, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618 USA
- MIND Institute, UC Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
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32
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Jones KT, Johnson EL, Tauxe ZS, Rojas DC. Modulation of auditory gamma-band responses using transcranial electrical stimulation. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:2504-2514. [PMID: 32459551 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00003.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Auditory gamma-band (>30 Hz) activity is a biomarker of cortical excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in autism, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. We provide a comprehensive account of the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on gamma responses. Forty-five healthy young adults listened to 40-Hz auditory click trains while electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected to measure stimulus-related gamma activity immediately before and after 10 min of 1 mA tACS (40 Hz), tDCS, or sham stimulation to left auditory cortex. tACS, but not tDCS, increased gamma power and phase locking to the auditory stimulus. However, both tACS and tDCS strengthened the gamma phase connectome, and effects persisted beyond the stimulus. Finally, tDCS strengthened the coupling of gamma activity to alpha oscillations after termination of the stimulus. No effects were observed in prestimulus gamma power, the gamma amplitude connectome, or any band-limited alpha measure. Whereas both stimulation techniques synchronize gamma responses between regions, tACS also tunes the magnitude and timing of gamma responses to the stimulus. Results reveal dissociable neurophysiological changes following tACS and tDCS and demonstrate that clinical biomarkers can be altered with noninvasive neurostimulation, especially frequency-tuned tACS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Gamma frequency-tuned transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) adjusts the magnitude and timing of auditory gamma responses, as compared with both sham stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). However, both tACS and tDCS strengthen the gamma phase connectome, which is disrupted in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. These findings reveal dissociable neurophysiological changes following two noninvasive neurostimulation techniques commonly applied in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Jones
- Colorado State University, Department of Psychology, Fort Collins, Colorado.,University of California-San Francisco, Department of Neurology, Neuroscape, San Francisco, California
| | - Elizabeth L Johnson
- University of California-Berkeley, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Berkeley, California.,Wayne State University, Institute of Gerontology, Life-Span Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Zoe S Tauxe
- Colorado State University, Department of Psychology, Fort Collins, Colorado.,University of California-San Diego, Department of Psychology, San Diego, California
| | - Donald C Rojas
- Colorado State University, Department of Psychology, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Culotta L, Penzes P. Exploring the mechanisms underlying excitation/inhibition imbalance in human iPSC-derived models of ASD. Mol Autism 2020; 11:32. [PMID: 32393347 PMCID: PMC7216514 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a range of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and repetitive or restricted behaviors. ASD subjects exhibit complex genetic and clinical heterogeneity, thus hindering the discovery of pathophysiological mechanisms. Considering that several ASD-risk genes encode proteins involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, and neuronal connectivity, one hypothesis that has emerged is that ASD arises from a disruption of the neuronal network activity due to perturbation of the synaptic excitation and inhibition (E/I) balance. The development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and recent advances in neuronal differentiation techniques provide a unique opportunity to model complex neuronal connectivity and to test the E/I hypothesis of ASD in human-based models. Here, we aim to review the latest advances in studying the different cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to E/I balance using iPSC-based in vitro models of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Culotta
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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34
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Matsuzaki J, Ku M, Dipiero M, Chiang T, Saby J, Blaskey L, Kuschner ES, Kim M, Berman JI, Bloy L, Chen YH, Dell J, Liu S, Brodkin ES, Embick D, Roberts TPL. Delayed Auditory Evoked Responses in Autism Spectrum Disorder across the Life Span. Dev Neurosci 2020; 41:223-233. [PMID: 32007990 DOI: 10.1159/000504960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The M50 and M100 auditory evoked responses reflect early auditory processes in the primary/secondary auditory cortex. Although previous M50 and M100 studies have been conducted on individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and indicate disruption of encoding simple sensory information, analogous investigations of the neural correlates of auditory processing through development from children into adults are very limited. Magnetoencephalography was used to record signals arising from the left and right superior temporal gyrus during auditory presentation of tones to children/adolescents and adults with ASD as well as typically developing (TD) controls. One hundred and thirty-two participants (aged 6-42 years) were included into the final analyses (children/adolescents: TD, n = 36, 9.21 ± 1.6 years; ASD, n = 58, 10.07 ± 2.38 years; adults: TD, n = 19, 26.97 ± 1.29 years; ASD, n = 19, 23.80 ± 6.26 years). There were main effects of group on M50 and M100 latency (p < 0.001) over hemisphere and frequency. Delayed M50 and M100 latencies were found in participants with ASD compared to the TD group, and earlier M50 and M100 latencies were associated with increased age. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant association between language ability and both M50 and M100 latencies. Importantly, differences in M50 and M100 latencies between TD and ASD cohorts, often reported in children, persisted into adulthood, with no evidence supporting latency convergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Matsuzaki
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marissa Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Taylor Chiang
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joni Saby
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Dell
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward S Brodkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Embick
- Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, .,Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,
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Frye RE, Vassall S, Kaur G, Lewis C, Karim M, Rossignol D. Emerging biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:792. [PMID: 32042808 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects approximately 2% of children in the United States (US) yet its etiology is unclear and effective treatments are lacking. Therapeutic interventions are most effective if started early in life, yet diagnosis often remains delayed, partly because the diagnosis of ASD is based on identifying abnormal behaviors that may not emerge until the disorder is well established. Biomarkers that identify children at risk during the pre-symptomatic period, assist with early diagnosis, confirm behavioral observations, stratify patients into subgroups, and predict therapeutic response would be a great advance. Here we underwent a systematic review of the literature on ASD to identify promising biomarkers and rated the biomarkers in regards to a Level of Evidence and Grade of Recommendation using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine scale. Biomarkers identified by our review included physiological biomarkers that identify neuroimmune and metabolic abnormalities, neurological biomarkers including abnormalities in brain structure, function and neurophysiology, subtle behavioral biomarkers including atypical development of visual attention, genetic biomarkers and gastrointestinal biomarkers. Biomarkers of ASD may be found prior to birth and after diagnosis and some may predict response to specific treatments. Many promising biomarkers have been developed for ASD. However, many biomarkers are preliminary and need to be validated and their role in the diagnosis and treatment of ASD needs to be defined. It is likely that biomarkers will need to be combined to be effective to identify ASD early and guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Frye
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Deparment of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sarah Vassall
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gurjot Kaur
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Christina Lewis
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mohammand Karim
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Deparment of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Sharma R, Rahi S, Mehan S. Neuroprotective potential of solanesol in intracerebroventricular propionic acid induced experimental model of autism: Insights from behavioral and biochemical evidence. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1164-1175. [PMID: 31763180 PMCID: PMC6861559 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is the category used within the newest edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism is a spectrum of disorder where a variety of behavioural patterns observed in autistic patients, such as stereotypes and repetitive behavior, hyperexcitability, depression-like symptoms, and memory and cognitive dysfunctions. Neuropathological hallmarks that associated with autism are mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Neuro-excitation, abnormal synapse formation, overexpression of glial cells in specific brain regions like cerebellum, cerebral cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. ICV injection of propionic acid (PPA) (4 μl/0.26 M) mimics autistic-like behavioral and biochemical alterations in rats. Literature findings reveal that there is a link between autism neuronal mitochondrial coenzyme-Q10 (CoQ10) and ETC-complexes dysfunctions are the keys pathogenic events for autism. Therefore, in the current study, we explore the neuroprotective interventions of Solanesol (SNL) 40 and 60 mg/kg alone and in combination with standard drugs Aripiprazole (ARP) 5 mg/kg, Citalopram (CTP) 10 mg/kg, Memantine (MEM) 5 mg/kg and Donepezil (DNP) 3 mg/kg to overcome behavioral and biochemical alterations in PPA induced experimental model of Autism. Chronic treatment with SNL 60 mg/kg in combination with standard drug shows a marked improvement in locomotion, muscle coordination, long-term memory and the decrease in depressive behavior. While, chronic treatment of SNL alone and in combination with standard drug aripiprazole, citalopram, donepezil, and memantine shows the Neuroprotective potential by enhancing the cognitive deficits, biochemical alterations along with reducing the level of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- AChE, acetylcholinesterase acetylcholinesterase
- ARP, Aripiprazole
- ATP
- Aripiprazole
- Autism
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- CNS, center nerves system
- CTP, Citalopram
- Citalopram
- CoQ10, coenzyme-Q10
- Coenzyme-Q10
- DNP, Donepezil
- Donepezil
- ELT, escape latency
- ETC, electron-transport chain
- ICV, Intracerebroventricular
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MAPK3, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MEM, Memantine
- Memantine
- NO, nitric oxide
- PPA, propionic acid
- Propionic acid
- SNL, Solanesol
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- UBE3A, Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A
- i.p., Intraperitoneal route
- mitochondrial dysfunction
- p.o., Oral
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Saloni Rahi
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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37
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Hawkins E, Akarca D, Zhang M, Brkić D, Woolrich M, Baker K, Astle D. Functional network dynamics in a neurodevelopmental disorder of known genetic origin. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:530-544. [PMID: 31639257 PMCID: PMC7268087 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic connectivity in functional brain networks is a fundamental aspect of cognitive development, but we have little understanding of the mechanisms driving variability in these networks. Genes are likely to influence the emergence of fast network connectivity via their regulation of neuronal processes, but novel methods to capture these rapid dynamics have rarely been used in genetic populations. The current study redressed this by investigating brain network dynamics in a neurodevelopmental disorder of known genetic origin, by comparing individuals with a ZDHHC9-associated intellectual disability to individuals with no known impairment. We characterised transient network dynamics using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) on magnetoencephalography (MEG) data, at rest and during auditory oddball stimulation. The HMM is a data-driven method that captures rapid patterns of coordinated brain activity recurring over time. Resting-state network dynamics distinguished the groups, with ZDHHC9 participants showing longer state activation and, crucially, ZDHHC9 gene expression levels predicted the group differences in dynamic connectivity across networks. In contrast, network dynamics during auditory oddball stimulation did not show this association. We demonstrate a link between regional gene expression and brain network dynamics, and present the new application of a powerful method for understanding the neural mechanisms linking genetic variation to cognitive difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hawkins
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Danyal Akarca
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mengya Zhang
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diandra Brkić
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Woolrich
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kate Baker
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan Astle
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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38
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Mehdizadefar V, Ghassemi F, Fallah A. Brain Connectivity Reflected in Electroencephalogram Coherence in Individuals With Autism: A Meta-Analysis. Basic Clin Neurosci 2019; 10:409-417. [PMID: 32284830 PMCID: PMC7149956 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many theories have been proposed about the etiology of autism. One is related to brain connectivity in patients with autism. Several studies have reported brain connectivity changes in autism disease. This study was performed on Electroencephalogram (EEG) studies that evaluated patients with autism, using functional brain connectivity, and compared them with typically-developing individuals. METHODS Three scientific databases of ScienceDirect, Medline (PubMed), and BioMed Central were systematically searched through their online search engines. Comprehensive Meta-analysis software analyzed the obtained data. RESULTS The systematic search led to 10 papers, in which EEG coherence was used to obtain the brain connectivity of people with autism. To determine the effect size, Cohen's d parameter was used. In the first meta-analysis, the study of the maximum effect size was considered, and all significant effect sizes were evaluated in the second meta-analysis. The effect size was assessed using a random-effects model in both meta-analyses. The results of the first meta-analysis indicated that heterogeneity was not present among the studies (Q=13.345, P>0.1). The evaluation of all effect sizes in the second meta-analysis showed a significant lack of homogeneity among the studies (Q=56.984, P=0.0001). CONCLUSION On the whole, autism was found to be related to neural connectivity, and the present research showed the difference in the EEG coherence of people with autism and healthy people. These conclusions require further studies with more extensive data, considering different brain regions, and novel analysis techniques for assessing brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Mehdizadefar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical, Computer & Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fanaz Ghassemi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical, Computer & Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Fallah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical, Computer & Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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39
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Port RG, Oberman LM, Roberts TPL. Revisiting the excitation/inhibition imbalance hypothesis of ASD through a clinical lens. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20180944. [PMID: 31124710 PMCID: PMC6732925 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) currently affects 1 in 59 children, although the aetiology of this disorder remains unknown. Faced with multiple seemingly disparate and noncontiguous neurobiological alterations, Rubenstein and Merzenich hypothesized that imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory neurosignaling (E/I imbalance) underlie ASD. Since this initial statement, there has been a major focus examining this exact topic spanning both clinical and preclinical realms. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical neuroimaging literature surrounding E/I imbalance as an aetiology of ASD. Evidence for E/I imbalance is presented from several complementary clinical techniques including magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetoencephalography and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Additionally, two GABAergic potential interventions for ASD, which explicitly attempt to remediate E/I imbalance, are reviewed. The current literature suggests E/I imbalance as a useful framework for discussing the neurobiological etiology of ASD in at least a subset of affected individuals. While not constituting a completely unifying aetiology, E/I imbalance may be relevant as one of several underlying neuropathophysiologies that differentially affect individuals with ASD. Such statements do not diminish the value of the E/I imbalance concept-instead they suggest a possible role for the characterization of E/I imbalance, as well as other underlying neuropathophysiologies, in the biologically-based subtyping of individuals with ASD for potential applications including clinical trial enrichment as well as treatment triage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay M Oberman
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Timothy PL Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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40
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De Meo-Monteil R, Nordahl CW, Amaral DG, Rogers SJ, Harootonian SK, Martin J, Rivera SM, Saron CD. Differential Altered Auditory Event-Related Potential Responses in Young Boys on the Autism Spectrum With and Without Disproportionate Megalencephaly. Autism Res 2019; 12:1236-1250. [PMID: 31157516 PMCID: PMC7282708 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by impairments in social communication and repetitive behaviors, often includes altered responses to sensory inputs as part of its phenotype. The neurobiological basis for altered sensory processing is not well understood. The UC Davis Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute Autism Phenome Project is a longitudinal, multidisciplinary study of young children with ASD and age-matched typically developing (TD) controls. Previous analyses of the magnetic resonance imaging data from this cohort have shown that ∼15% of boys with ASD have disproportionate megalencephaly (DM) or brain size to height ratio, that is 1.5 standard deviations above the TD mean. Here, we investigated electrophysiological responses to auditory stimuli of increasing intensity (50-80 dB) in young toddlers (27-48 months old). Analyses included data from 36 age-matched boys, of which 24 were diagnosed with ASD (12 with and 12 without DM; ASD-DM and ASD-N) and 12 TD controls. We found that the two ASD subgroups differed in their electrophysiological response patterns to sounds of increasing intensity. At early latencies (55-115 ms), ASD-N does not show a loudness-dependent response like TD and ASD-DM, but tends to group intensities by soft vs. loud sounds, suggesting differences in sensory sensitivity in this group. At later latencies (145-195 ms), only the ASD-DM group shows significantly higher amplitudes for loud sounds. Because no similar effects were found in ASD-N and TD groups, this may be related to their altered neuroanatomy. These results contribute to the effort to delineate ASD subgroups and further characterize physiological responses associated with observable phenotypes. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1236-1250. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Approximately 15% of boys with ASD have much bigger brains when compared to individuals with typical development. By recording brain waves (electroencephalography) we compared how autistic children, with or without big brains, react to sounds compared to typically developing controls. We found that brain responses in the big-brained group are different from the two other groups, suggesting that they represent a specific autism subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Wu Nordahl
- UC Davis Health MIND Institute, Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - David G Amaral
- UC Davis Health MIND Institute, Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Sally J Rogers
- UC Davis Health MIND Institute, Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Joshua Martin
- UC Davis Center for Mind and Brain, Davis, California
| | - Susan M Rivera
- UC Davis Center for Mind and Brain, Davis, California
- UC Davis Health MIND Institute, Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- UC Davis Department of Psychology, Davis, California
| | - Clifford D Saron
- UC Davis Center for Mind and Brain, Davis, California
- UC Davis Health MIND Institute, Medical Center, Sacramento, California
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41
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Bloy L, Shwayder K, Blaskey L, Roberts TPL, Embick D. A Spectrotemporal Correlate of Language Impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:3181-3190. [PMID: 31069618 PMCID: PMC6625831 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study introduces an objective neurophysiological marker of language ability, the integral of event-related desynchronization in the 5-20 Hz band during 0.2-1 seconds post auditory stimulation with interleaved word/non-word tokens. This measure correlates with clinical assessment of language function in both ASD and neurotypical pediatric populations. The measure does not appear related to general cognitive ability nor autism symptom severity (beyond degree of language impairment). We suggest that this oscillatory brain activity indexes lexical search and thus increases with increased search in the mental lexicon. While specificity for language impairment in ASD remains to be determined, such an objective index has potential utility in low functioning individuals with ASD and young children during language acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bloy
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Kobey Shwayder
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Embick
- Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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42
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De Stefano LA, Schmitt LM, White SP, Mosconi MW, Sweeney JA, Ethridge LE. Developmental Effects on Auditory Neural Oscillatory Synchronization Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:34. [PMID: 31402856 PMCID: PMC6670023 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found alterations in 40 Hz oscillatory activity in response to auditory stimuli in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The current study sought to examine the specificity and developmental trajectory of these findings by driving the cortex to oscillate at a range of frequencies in both children and adults with and without ASD. Fifteen participants with ASD (3 female, aged 6–23 years) and 15 age-matched controls (4 female, aged 6–25 years) underwent dense-array EEG as they listened to a carrier tone amplitude-modulated by a sinusoid linearly increasing in frequency from 0–100 Hz over 2 s. EEG data were analyzed for inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) and single-trial power (STP). Older participants with ASD displayed significantly decreased ability to phase-lock to the stimulus in the low gamma frequency range relative to their typically developing (TD) counterparts, while younger ASD and TD did not significantly differ from each other. An interaction between age and diagnosis suggested that TD and ASD also show different developmental trajectories for low gamma power; TD showed a significant decrease in low gamma power with age, while ASD did not. Regardless of age, increased low gamma STP was significantly correlated with increased clinical scores for repetitive behaviors in the ASD group, particularly insistence on sameness. This study contributes to a growing body of evidence supporting alterations in auditory processing in ASD. Older ASD participants showed more pronounced low gamma deficits than younger participants, suggesting an altered developmental trajectory for neural activity contributing to auditory processing deficits that may also be more broadly clinically relevant. Future studies are needed employing a longitudinal approach to confirm findings of this cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A De Stefano
- Department of Psychology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Lauren M Schmitt
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stormi P White
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Marcus Autism Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Matthew W Mosconi
- Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies and Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.,Kansas Center for Autism Research and Training (KCART), Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lauren E Ethridge
- Department of Psychology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Section on Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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43
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Matsuzaki J, Bloy L, Blaskey L, Miller J, Kuschner ES, Ku M, Dipiero M, Airey M, Edgar JC, Embick D, Ross JL, Roberts TPL. Abnormal Auditory Mismatch Fields in Children and Adolescents with 47,XYY Syndrome. Dev Neurosci 2019; 41:123-131. [PMID: 31280271 DOI: 10.1159/000500799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
47,XYY syndrome (XYY) is one of the common forms of sex chromosome aneuploidy in males. XYY males tend to have tall stature, early speech, motor delays, social and behavioral challenges, and a high rate of language impairment. Recent studies indicate that 20-40% of males with XYY meet diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD; the rate in the general population is 1-2%). Although many studies have examined the neural correlates of language impairment in ASD, few similar studies have been conducted on individuals with XYY. Studies using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in idiopathic ASD (ASD-I) have demonstrated delayed neurophysiological responses to changes in the auditory stream, revealed in the mismatch negativity or its magnetic counterpart, the mismatch field (MMF). This study investigated whether similar findings are observed in XYY-associated ASD and whether delayed processing is also present in individuals with XYY without ASD. MEG measured MMFs arising from the left and the right superior temporal gyrus during an auditory oddball paradigm with vowel stimuli (/a/ and /u/) in children/adolescents with XYY both with and without a diagnosis of ASD, as well as in those with ASD-I and in typically developing controls (TD). Ninety male participants (6-17 years old) were included in the final analyses (TD, n = 38, 11.50 ± 2.88 years; ASD-I, n = 21, 13.83 ± 3.25 years; XYY without ASD, n = 15, 12.65 ± 3.91 years; XYY with ASD, n = 16, 12.62 ± 3.19 years). The groups did not differ significantly in age (p > 0.05). There was a main effect of group on MMF latency (p < 0.001). Delayed MMF latencies were found in participants with XYY both with and without an ASD diagnosis, as well as in the ASD-I group compared to the TD group (ps < 0.001). Furthermore, participants with XYY (with and without ASD) showed a longer MMF latency than the ASD-I group (ps < 0.001). There was, however, no significant difference in MMF latency between individuals with XYY with ASD and those with XYY without ASD. Delayed MMF latencies were associated with severity of language impairment. Our findings suggest that auditory MMF latency delays are pronounced in this specific Y chromosome aneuploidy disorder, both with and without an ASD diagnosis, and thus may implicate the genes of the Y chromosome in mediating atypical MMF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Matsuzaki
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Judith Miller
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marissa Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Megan Airey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Embick
- Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Judith L Ross
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, .,Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,
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44
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Port RG, Dipiero MA, Ku M, Liu S, Blaskey L, Kuschner ES, Edgar JC, Roberts TP, Berman JI. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Demonstrate Regionally Specific Altered Resting-State Phase-Amplitude Coupling. Brain Connect 2019; 9:425-436. [PMID: 30900464 PMCID: PMC6588114 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit altered electrophysiological alpha to gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). Preliminary reports with small samples report conflicting findings regarding the directionality of the alpha to gamma PAC alterations in ASD. The present study examined resting-state activity throughout the brain in a relatively large sample of 119 children with ASD and 47 typically developing children. Children with ASD demonstrated regionally specific abnormalities in alpha to low-gamma PAC, with increased alpha to low-gamma PAC for a central midline source and decreased PAC at lateral sources. Group differences in local gamma-band power did not account for the regional group differences in alpha to low-gamma PAC. Moreover, local alpha power did not significantly modulate alpha to low-gamma PAC estimates. Finally, PAC estimates were correlated with Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) indicating clinical relevance of the PAC metric. In conclusion, alpha to low-gamma PAC alterations in ASD demonstrate a heterogeneous spatial profile consistent with previous studies and were related to symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell G. Port
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marissa A. Dipiero
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Ku
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Autism Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily S. Kuschner
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J. Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy P.L. Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey I. Berman
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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45
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Port RG, Berman JI, Liu S, Featherstone RE, Roberts TP, Siegel SJ. Parvalbumin Cell Ablation of NMDA-R1 Leads to Altered Phase, But Not Amplitude, of Gamma-Band Cross-Frequency Coupling. Brain Connect 2019; 9:263-272. [PMID: 30588822 PMCID: PMC6479236 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered gamma-band electrophysiological activity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is well documented, and analogous gamma-band alterations are recapitulated in several preclinical murine models relevant to ASD. Such gamma-band activity is hypothesized to underlie local circuit processes. Gamma-band cross-frequency coupling (CFC), a related though distinct metric, interrogates local neural circuit signal integration. Several recent studies have observed perturbed gamma-band CFC in individuals with ASD, although the direction of change remains unresolved. It also remains unclear whether murine models relevant to ASD recapitulate this altered gamma-band CFC. As such, this study examined whether mice with parvalbumin (PV) cell-specific ablation of NMDA-R1 (PVcre/NR1fl/fl) demonstrated altered gamma-band CFC as compared with their control littermates (PVcre/NR1+/+-mice that do not have the PV cell-specific ablation of NMDA-R1). Ten mice of each genotype had 4 min of "resting" electroencephalography recorded and analyzed. First, resting electrophysiological power was parsed into the canonical frequency bands and genotype-related differences were subsequently explored so as to provide context for the subsequent CFC analyses. PVcre/NR1fl/fl mice exhibited an increase in resting power specific to the high gamma-band, but not other frequency bands, as compared with PVcre/NR1+/+. CFC analyses then examined both the standard magnitude (strength) of CFC and the novel metric PhaseMax-which denotes the phase of the lower frequency signal at which the peak higher frequency signal power occurred. PVcre/NR1fl/fl mice exhibited altered PhaseMax, but not strength, of gamma-band CFC as compared with PVcre/NR1+/+ mice. As such, this study suggests a potential novel metric to explore when studying neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell G. Port
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey I. Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert E. Featherstone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Timothy P.L. Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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46
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Vasung L, Abaci Turk E, Ferradal SL, Sutin J, Stout JN, Ahtam B, Lin PY, Grant PE. Exploring early human brain development with structural and physiological neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2019; 187:226-254. [PMID: 30041061 PMCID: PMC6537870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early brain development, from the embryonic period to infancy, is characterized by rapid structural and functional changes. These changes can be studied using structural and physiological neuroimaging methods. In order to optimally acquire and accurately interpret this data, concepts from adult neuroimaging cannot be directly transferred. Instead, one must have a basic understanding of fetal and neonatal structural and physiological brain development, and the important modulators of this process. Here, we first review the major developmental milestones of transient cerebral structures and structural connectivity (axonal connectivity) followed by a summary of the contributions from ex vivo and in vivo MRI. Next, we discuss the basic biology of neuronal circuitry development (synaptic connectivity, i.e. ensemble of direct chemical and electrical connections between neurons), physiology of neurovascular coupling, baseline metabolic needs of the fetus and the infant, and functional connectivity (defined as statistical dependence of low-frequency spontaneous fluctuations seen with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)). The complementary roles of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are discussed. We include a section on modulators of brain development where we focus on the placenta and emerging placental MRI approaches. In each section we discuss key technical limitations of the imaging modalities and some of the limitations arising due to the biology of the system. Although neuroimaging approaches have contributed significantly to our understanding of early brain development, there is much yet to be done and a dire need for technical innovations and scientific discoveries to realize the future potential of early fetal and infant interventions to avert long term disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Vasung
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Esra Abaci Turk
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Silvina L Ferradal
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jason Sutin
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey N Stout
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Banu Ahtam
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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47
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Tanigawa J, Kagitani-Shimono K, Matsuzaki J, Ogawa R, Hanaie R, Yamamoto T, Tominaga K, Nabatame S, Mohri I, Taniike M, Ozono K. Atypical auditory language processing in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:2029-2037. [PMID: 29934264 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show characteristic differences in auditory processing. To clarify the mechanisms underlying communication impairment in ASD, we examined auditory language processing with both anatomical and functional methods. METHODS We assessed the language abilities of adolescents with ASD and typically developing (TD) adolescents, and analyzed the surface-based morphometric structure between the groups using magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, we measured cortical responses to an auditory word comprehension task with magnetoencephalography and performed network-based statistics using the phase locking values. RESULTS We observed no structural differences between the groups. However, the volume of the left ventral central sulcus (vCS) showed a significant correlation with linguistic scores in ASD. Moreover, adolescents with ASD showed weaker cortical activation in the left vCS and superior temporal sulcus. Furthermore, these regions showed differential correlations with linguistic scores between the groups. Moreover, the ASD group had an atypical gamma band (25-40 Hz) network centered on the left vCS. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with ASD showed atypical responses on the auditory word comprehension task and functional brain differences. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that phonological processing and gamma band cortical activity play a critical role in auditory language processing-related pathophysiology in adolescents with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Tanigawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ryuzo Hanaie
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tomoka Yamamoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Koji Tominaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shin Nabatame
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Mohri
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masako Taniike
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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48
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Kabella DM, Flynn L, Peters A, Kodituwakku P, Stephen JM. Amplitude by Peak Interaction but No Evidence of Auditory Mismatch Response Deficits to Frequency Change in Preschool-Aged Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:10.1111/acer.13782. [PMID: 29797565 PMCID: PMC6690804 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies indicate that the auditory mismatch response is sensitive to early alterations in brain development in multiple developmental disorders. Prenatal alcohol exposure is known to impact early auditory processing. The current study hypothesized alterations in the mismatch response in young children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). METHODS Participants in this study were 9 children with a FASD and 17 control children (Control) aged 3 to 6 years. Participants underwent magnetoencephalography and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans separately. We compared groups on neurophysiological mismatch negativity (MMN) responses to auditory stimuli measured using the auditory oddball paradigm. Frequent (1,000 Hz) and rare (1,200 Hz) tones were presented at 72 dB. RESULTS There was no significant group difference in MMN response latency or amplitude represented by the peak located ~200 ms after stimulus presentation in the difference time course between frequent and infrequent tones. Examining the time courses to the frequent and infrequent tones separately, repeated measures analysis of variance with condition (frequent vs. rare), peak (N100m and N200m), and hemisphere as within-subject factors and diagnosis and sex as the between-subject factors showed a significant interaction of peak by diagnosis (p = 0.001), with a pattern of decreased amplitude from N100m to N200m in Control children and the opposite pattern in children with FASD. However, no significant difference was found with the simple effects comparisons. No group differences were found in the response latencies of the rare auditory evoked fields. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that there was no detectable effect of alcohol exposure on the amplitude or latency of the MMNm response to simple tones modulated by frequency change in preschool-aged children with FASD. However, while discrimination abilities to simple tones may be intact, early auditory sensory processing revealed by the interaction between N100m and N200m amplitude indicates that auditory sensory processing may be altered in children with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Kabella
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lucinda Flynn
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Amanda Peters
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Piyadasa Kodituwakku
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Julia M. Stephen
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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49
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Butler JS, Molholm S, Andrade GN, Foxe JJ. An Examination of the Neural Unreliability Thesis of Autism. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:185-200. [PMID: 27923839 PMCID: PMC5939224 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging neuropathological theory of Autism, referred to here as “the neural unreliability thesis,” proposes greater variability in moment-to-moment cortical representation of environmental events, such that the system shows general instability in its impulse response function. Leading evidence for this thesis derives from functional neuroimaging, a methodology ill-suited for detailed assessment of sensory transmission dynamics occurring at the millisecond scale. Electrophysiological assessments of this thesis, however, are sparse and unconvincing. We conducted detailed examination of visual and somatosensory evoked activity using high-density electrical mapping in individuals with autism (N = 20) and precisely matched neurotypical controls (N = 20), recording large numbers of trials that allowed for exhaustive time-frequency analyses at the single-trial level. Measures of intertrial coherence and event-related spectral perturbation revealed no convincing evidence for an unreliability account of sensory responsivity in autism. Indeed, results point to robust, highly reproducible response functions marked for their exceedingly close correspondence to those in neurotypical controls
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Butler
- The Sheryl and Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,School of Mathematical Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie Molholm
- The Sheryl and Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,The Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gizely N Andrade
- The Sheryl and Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John J Foxe
- The Sheryl and Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,The Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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50
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Lajiness-O'Neill R, Brennan JR, Moran JE, Richard AE, Flores AM, Swick C, Goodcase R, Andersen T, McFarlane K, Rusiniak K, Kovelman I, Wagley N, Ugolini M, Albright J, Bowyer SM. Patterns of altered neural synchrony in the default mode network in autism spectrum disorder revealed with magnetoencephalography (MEG): Relationship to clinical symptomatology. Autism Res 2017; 11:434-449. [PMID: 29251830 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted neural synchrony may be a primary electrophysiological abnormality in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), altering communication between discrete brain regions and contributing to abnormalities in patterns of connectivity within identified neural networks. Studies exploring brain dynamics to comprehensively characterize and link connectivity to large-scale cortical networks and clinical symptoms are lagging considerably. Patterns of neural coherence within the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Salience Network (SN) during resting state were investigated in 12 children with ASD (MAge = 9.2) and 13 age and gender-matched neurotypicals (NT) (MAge = 9.3) with magnetoencephalography. Coherence between 231 brain region pairs within four frequency bands (theta (4-7 Hz), alpha, (8-12 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), and gamma (30-80 Hz)) was calculated. Relationships between neural coherence and social functioning were examined. ASD was characterized by lower synchronization across all frequencies, reaching clinical significance in the gamma band. Lower gamma synchrony between fronto-temporo-parietal regions was observed, partially consistent with diminished default mode network (DMN) connectivity. Lower gamma coherence in ASD was evident in cross-hemispheric connections between: angular with inferior/middle frontal; middle temporal with middle/inferior frontal; and within right-hemispheric connections between angular, middle temporal, and inferior/middle frontal cortices. Lower gamma coherence between left angular and left superior frontal, right inferior/middle frontal, and right precuneus and between right angular and inferior/middle frontal cortices was related to lower social/social-communication functioning. Results suggest a pattern of lower gamma band coherence in a subset of regions within the DMN in ASD (angular and middle temporal cortical areas) related to lower social/social-communicative functioning. Autism Res 2018, 11: 434-449. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY Communication between different areas of the brain was observed in children with ASD and neurotypical children while awake, but not working on a task. Magnetoencephalography was used to measure tiny magnetic fields naturally generated via brain activity. The brains of children with ASD showed less communication between areas that are important for social information processing compared to the brains of neurotypical children. The amount of communication between these areas was associated with social and social communication difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Lajiness-O'Neill
- Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan.,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Casey Swick
- Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Ioulia Kovelman
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Neelima Wagley
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Susan M Bowyer
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.,Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
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