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Shahin S, Medley EA, Naidu M, Trasande L, Ghassabian A. Exposure to organophosphate esters and maternal-child health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118955. [PMID: 38640988 PMCID: PMC11152993 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are a class of chemicals now widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers after the phase-out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). However, OPEs carry their own risk of developmental toxicity, which poses concern for recent birth cohorts as they have become ubiquitous in the environment. In this review, we summarize the literature evaluating the association between OPE exposure and maternal, perinatal, and child health outcomes. We included original articles investigating associations of OPE exposure with any health outcome on pregnant women, newborns, children, and adolescents. We found 48 articles on this topic. Of these, five addressed maternal health and pregnancy outcomes, 24 evaluated prenatal OPE exposure and child health, 18 evaluated childhood OPE exposure and child/adolescent health, and one article evaluated both prenatal and childhood OPE exposure. These studies suggest that OPE exposure is possibly associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes, including pregnancy loss, altered gestational duration and smaller birthweight, maternal and neonatal thyroid dysfunction, child metabolic dysregulation and abnormal growth, impaired neurodevelopment, and changes in immune response. Many of the reported outcomes associated with OPE exposure varied by child sex. Findings also varied substantially by OPE metabolite and exposure time. The OPEs most frequently measured, detected, and found to be associated with health outcomes were triphenyl phosphate (TPHP, metabolized to DPHP) and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP, metabolized to BDCIPP). The extensive range of health outcomes associated with OPEs raises concern about their growing use in consumer products; however, these findings should be interpreted considering the limitations of these epidemiological studies, such as possible exposure misclassification, lack of generalizability, insufficient adjustment for covariates, and failure to consider chemical exposures as a mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Shahin
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Eleanor A Medley
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Mrudula Naidu
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; New York University College of Global Public Health, New York City, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Kreutz A, Oyetade OB, Chang X, Hsieh JH, Behl M, Allen DG, Kleinstreuer NC, Hogberg HT. Integrated Approach for Testing and Assessment for Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT) to Prioritize Aromatic Organophosphorus Flame Retardants. TOXICS 2024; 12:437. [PMID: 38922117 PMCID: PMC11209292 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are abundant and persistent in the environment but have limited toxicity information. Their similarity in structure to organophosphate pesticides presents great concern for developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). However, current in vivo testing is not suitable to provide DNT information on the amount of OPFRs that lack data. Over the past decade, an in vitro battery was developed to enhance DNT assessment, consisting of assays that evaluate cellular processes in neurodevelopment and function. In this study, behavioral data of small model organisms were also included. To assess if these assays provide sufficient mechanistic coverage to prioritize chemicals for further testing and/or identify hazards, an integrated approach to testing and assessment (IATA) was developed with additional information from the Integrated Chemical Environment (ICE) and the literature. Human biomonitoring and exposure data were identified and physiologically-based toxicokinetic models were applied to relate in vitro toxicity data to human exposure based on maximum plasma concentration. Eight OPFRs were evaluated, including aromatic OPFRs (triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), isopropylated phenyl phosphate (IPP), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDP), tricresyl phosphate (TMPP), isodecyl diphenyl phosphate (IDDP), tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (BPDP)) and halogenated FRs ((Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)). Two representative brominated flame retardants (BFRs) (2,2'4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)) with known DNT potential were selected for toxicity benchmarking. Data from the DNT battery indicate that the aromatic OPFRs have activity at similar concentrations as the BFRs and should therefore be evaluated further. However, these assays provide limited information on the mechanism of the compounds. By integrating information from ICE and the literature, endocrine disruption was identified as a potential mechanism. This IATA case study indicates that human exposure to some OPFRs could lead to a plasma concentration similar to those exerting in vitro activities, indicating potential concern for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kreutz
- Inotiv, Research Triangle Park, NC 27560, USA; (A.K.); (O.B.O.); (X.C.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Oluwakemi B. Oyetade
- Inotiv, Research Triangle Park, NC 27560, USA; (A.K.); (O.B.O.); (X.C.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Xiaoqing Chang
- Inotiv, Research Triangle Park, NC 27560, USA; (A.K.); (O.B.O.); (X.C.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Jui-Hua Hsieh
- NIH/NIEHS/DTT/PTB, Research Triangle Park, NC 27560, USA;
| | - Mamta Behl
- Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA;
| | - David G. Allen
- Inotiv, Research Triangle Park, NC 27560, USA; (A.K.); (O.B.O.); (X.C.); (D.G.A.)
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Imran I, Moin SF, Saleem S, Azhar A, Zehra S. Bioaccumulation of Chloropyrifos Organo-pesticide and Its Toxicogenic Association with Antioxidant GSTP1 in Pakistani Pest Control Workers. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:3331-3343. [PMID: 37646887 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides are employed to enhance agricultural production. Chronic exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides may be a source of health problems. The present study was designed to examine an association of GSTP1 (rs1695) polymorphism with OP pesticide chronic exposure. A case-control study was recruited with 250 subjects comprising exposed (n = 100) and controls (n = 150). A survey was conducted to determine the pesticide type to which workers had exposed. According to recorded survey assessment, two compounds of OP pesticides chloropyrifos and malathion were investigated in the blood samples of exposed study subjects using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For screening of genetic polymorphism in GSTP1 (rs1695) polymerase chain reaction, restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed. Statistically, data were analyzed using SPSS v. 20.0 and MedCal© software. Total chrom© navigator programmer was used for detection of OP residues in serum and local pesticide solution. chloropyrifos-OP pesticide residues were detected in serum of estimated chronically exposed subjects at 206 nm HPLC optimal conditions. The pattern of GSTP1 (rs1695) genotypic frequencies depicted that heterozygous genotype was higher in Chloropyrifos exposed subjects (0.56) when compared with controls (0.44). Statistical outcomes showed an insignificant association with GSTP1 (rs1695) polymorphism and chloropyrifos-OP pesticide toxicity (Fisher's exact test 1.0, p = 0.25). An insignificant allelic investigation reflected a protective effect of mutant allele G against chloropyrifos-OP pesticide toxicity in exposed subjects. Findings may be helpful in identifying bioaccumulated pesticide residues, but in studied Pakistani exposed workers, no significant association of GSTP1 (rs1695) variant with chloropyrifos-OPs was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Imran
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
- Ziauddin University Faculty of Engineering, Science, Technology and Management (ZUFESTM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Block B, North Nazimabad, Karachi, F-10374600, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Faraz Moin
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saima Saleem
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Abid Azhar
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sitwat Zehra
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Yun K, Jeon H, Kho Y, Ji K. Potential adverse outcome pathway of neurodevelopmental toxicity, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress induction mediated by three alkyl organophosphate flame retardants in zebrafish larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141901. [PMID: 38583538 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Following restrictions on polybrominated flame retardants, trimethyl phosphate (TMP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) have been frequently used as plasticizers for fire-resistant plastics. This study investigated the neurodevelopmental effects, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress induction of three alkyl organophosphate flame retardants using a zebrafish embryo/larvae model. After exposure of zebrafish embryos to TMP, TEP, and TBEP (0, 0.02, 0.2, 2, 20, and 200 μg L-1) for 96 h, survival, development, swimming behavior, changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, dopamine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant enzyme activities were observed. Concentrations of TMP, TEP, and TBEP were also measured in the whole body of exposed larvae. Our results showed that exposure to 200 μg L-1 TEP and ≥20 μg L-1 TBEP significantly reduced larval body length; however, TMP had no significant effects on developmental parameters up to 200 μg L-1. After 96 h of exposure to TBEP, total distance moved, mean velocity, AChE, and dopamine concentrations were significantly decreased. Exposure to TEP and TBEP decreased the expression of genes that regulate central nervous system development (e.g. gap43 and mbpa), whereas ROS, antioxidant enzymes, TNF-α, and IL-1β concentrations were significantly increased. Notably, pretreatment with an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reduced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by TEP and TBEP. The results of this study demonstrated that exposure to TEP and TBEP causes oxidative stress and has adverse effects on the neurobehavioral and immune system of zebrafish, leading to hypoactivity and ultimately impairing development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijeong Yun
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Jeon
- Department of Health, Environment and Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Younglim Kho
- Department of Health, Environment and Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea.
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Zou C, Yang T, Huang X, Ren X, Yang C, Xu B, Liu J. Inhibition of autophagosome-lysosome fusion contributes to TDCIPP-induced Aβ1-42 production in N2a-APPswe cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26832. [PMID: 38628727 PMCID: PMC11019100 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by cognitive impairment. The disruption of autophagosome-lysosome function has been linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is a widely used organophosphorus flame retardant that has the potential to cause neuronal damage. We found that TDCIPP significantly increased the expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), presenilin-1 (PS1) and Aβ42. Proteomic studies with TMT labeling revealed changes in the profiles of N2a-APPswe cells after exposure to TDCIPP. Proteomic and bioinformatics analyses revealed that lysosomal proteins were dysregulated in N2a-APPswe cells after treatment with TDCIPP. The LC3, P62, CTSD, and LAMP1 levels were increased after TDCIPP exposure, and dysregulated protein expression was validated by Western blotting. The exposure to TDCIPP led to the accumulation of autophagosomes, and this phenomenon was enhanced in the presence of chloroquine (CQ). Our results revealed for the first time that TDCIPP could be a potential environmental risk factor for AD development. The inhibition of autophagosome-lysosome fusion may have a significant impact on the generation of Aβ1-42 in response to TDCIPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Zou
- College of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- College of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xinfeng Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xiaohu Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Benhong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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Ni A, Fang L, Xi M, Li J, Qian Q, Wang Z, Wang X, Wang H, Yan J. Neurotoxic effects of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate exposure on zebrafish larvae: Insight into inflammation-driven changes in early motor behavior. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170131. [PMID: 38246379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The extensive utilization and potential adverse impacts of the replacement flame-retardant 2-Ethylhexyl Diphenyl Phosphate (EHDPP) have raised concerns. Currently, there is limited knowledge regarding the developmental, neurological, and immunotoxic consequences of EHDPP exposure, as well as its potential behavioral outcomes. In this study, we undertook a comprehensive examination and characterization of the toxic effects over the EHDPP concentration range of 14-1400 nM. Our findings unveiled that EHDPP, even at an environmentally relevant concentration of 14 nM, exhibited excitatory neurotoxicity, eliciting a 13.5 % increase in the swimming speed of zebrafish larvae. This effect might be attributed to the potential influence of EHDPP on the release of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which, in turn, mediated anxiety-like behavior in the zebrafish larvae. Conversely, sublethal dose EHDPP (1400 nM) exposure significantly suppressed the swimming vigor of zebrafish larvae, accompanied by morphological changes, abnormal behaviors, and alterations in intracerebral molecules. Transcriptomics revealed the underlying mechanism. The utilization of pathway inhibitors reshaped the inflammatory homeostasis and alleviated the toxicity induced by EHDPP exposure, anchoring the pivotal role played by the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in EHDPP-induced adverse changes in zebrafish behavior and neurophysiology. This study observed the detrimental effects of EHDPP on fish sustainability at environmentally relevant concentrations, highlighting the practical significance for EHDPP risk management. Elucidating the toxic mechanisms of EHDPP will contribute to a deeper comprehension of how environmental pollutants can intricately influence human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyu Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Lu Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Miaocui Xi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jinyun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qiuhui Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Jin Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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7
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Feng Y, Wang Z, Duan H, Shao B. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in mouse spermatocyte GC-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114506. [PMID: 38331085 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is a frequently detected organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in various environmental media, and has been evidenced as reproductive toxicity. However, its adverse effects on spermatogenic cells are unknown. In this study, mouse spermatocyte GC-2spd (GC-2) cells were selected as an in vitro model, and the impact of mitochondrial structure and function, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cell apoptosis and the related molecular mechanisms were investigated. Our study indicated that cell viability was decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner after TDCIPP treatment with the half lethal concentration (LC50) at 82.8 μM, 50.0 μM and 39.6 μM for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. An apoptosis was observed by Annexin V-FITC/PI stain. In addition, fragmentation of mitochondrial structure, an increase of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reduction of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, release of cytochrome c and activation of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 activity implicated that Caspase-3 dependent mitochondrial pathway might play a key role in the process of GC-2 cell apoptosis. Furthermore, ER stress induction was convinced by altered morphology of ER and up-regulation of ER targeting genes, including (Bip, eIF2α, ATF4, XBP1, CHOP, ATF6 and Caspase-12). Taken together, these results demonstrate that both mitochondrial apoptotic pathways and ER stress apoptotic pathways might play important roles in the process of apoptosis in GC-2 cells induced by TDCIPP treatment. Therefore, the potential reproductive toxicity of TDCIPP should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Zisong Wang
- Western Reserve Academy, 115 College Street, Hudson, OH, 44236, USA
| | - Hejun Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, China.
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Sutha J, Gayathri M, Ramesh M. Chronic exposure to tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) induces brain structural and functional changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio): A comparative study on the environmental and LC50 concentrations of TCEP. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16770-16781. [PMID: 38321284 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a crucial organophosphorus flame retardant widely used in many industrial and commercial products. Available reports reported that TCEP could cause various toxicological effects on organisms, including humans. Unfortunately, toxicity data for TCEP (particularly on neurotoxicity) on aquatic organisms are lacking. In the present study, Danio rerio were exposed to different concentrations of TCEP for 42 days (chronic exposure), and oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+, K+-ATPase) activity, and histopathological changes were evaluated in the brain. The results showed that TCEP (100 and 1500 µg L-1) induced oxidative stress and significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GR) in the brain tissue of zebrafish. In contrast, the lipid peroxidation (LPO) level was increased compared to the control group. Exposure to TCEP inhibited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Na+,K+-ATPase activities in the brain tissue. Brain histopathology after 42 days of exposure to TCEP showed cytoplasmic vacuolation, inflammatory cell infiltration, degenerated neurons, degenerated purkinje cells and binucleate. Furthermore, TCEP exposure leads to significant changes in dopamine and 5-HT levels in the brain of zebrafish. The data in the present study suggest that high concentrations of TCEP might affect the fish by altering oxidative balance and inducing marked pathological changes in the brain of zebrafish. These findings indicate that chronic exposure to TCEP may cause a neurotoxic effect in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesudass Sutha
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, 641 046, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesh Gayathri
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, 641 046, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, 641 046, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wang J, Du X, Wang Z, Wu P, Zhou J, Tao X, Dang Z, Lu G. Optimization and verification of selective removal of organophosphate esters from wastewater by molecularly imprinted adsorbent. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141082. [PMID: 38169198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Tributyl phosphate (TNBP), a new type of flame retardant, is an emerging pollutant and has been frequently detected in various matrices such as wastewater. Efficient removal of TNBP is critical for wastewater treatment. In this study, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared using precipitation polymerization for selective adsorption of TNBP. The results showed that MIP had a porous structure and formed effective imprinting cavities, which was primarily responsible for its superior adsorption ability. The adsorption of TNBP by MIP was carried out following both the pseudo-secondary kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. MIP adsorbed TNBP rapidly and reached adsorption equilibrium within 30 min with 923 μmol g-1 at 298 K. The adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of MIP were respectively 2 and 5.49 times those of non-molecularly imprinted polymers. In addition, MIP could effectively counter disturbances from external parameters like temperature and pH, exhibiting strong environmental flexibility. MIP can specifically adsorb organophosphate esters, and can selectively adsorb TNBP under the interference of coexisting contaminants such as1,3-diphenylguanidine and isazofos. In actual bodies of water, MIP's highly selective adsorption of TNBP retains its advantage. The selective adsorption of MIP was mainly due to the common phosphate skeleton, and the specific substituent of organophosphate esters played an important role in the imprinting process. Hydrogen bonding might be involved in the polymerization process of TNBP with acrylamide and the adsorption process of TNBP by MIP.MIP exhibited good reuse efficiency, the total adsorption capacity decreased by no more than 25% after 7 reuse cycles. This study provides a simple and efficient method for selective removal of organophosphate from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zuifei Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peiwen Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiangmin Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xueqin Tao
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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10
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Lee S, Choi Y, Kang D, Jeon J. Proposal for priority emerging pollutants in the Nakdong river, Korea: Application of EU watch list mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122838. [PMID: 37918771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The Nakdong River, the longest in Korea, has received numerous pollutants from heavily industrialized and densely populated areas while being used as a drinking water source. A number of research have reported occurrences of emerging pollutants (EPs) in the river. The results requested efficient monitoring and systematic management strategies such as EU watch list under Water Framework Directive. The aim of this study is to propose a watch list through preliminary monitoring of the river and risk-based prioritization approach. As candidates for monitoring target, 632 substances were selected based on literature and database searches. Among them, 175 substances were subjected to target screening method whereas 457 were evaluated via suspect screening. A risk-based prioritization was applied to substances quantified through target screening based on concentrations, and a scoring-based prioritization was applied to substances tentatively identified through suspect screening. Sampling campaigns (n = 12) were conducted from October 2020 to September 2021, at 8 sampling sites along the river. As a result, 130 target substances were quantified above the LOQ. Among the 21 substances whose priority score was assigned through risk-based prioritization, telmisartan and iprobenfos were identified with very high environmental risk while candesartan, TBEP, imidacloprid, azithromycin and clotrimazole were classified with high or intermediate risk. As result of the scoring system for 39 tentatively identified substances, 6 substances (benzophenone, caprolactam, metolachlor oxanilic acid, heptaethylene glycol, octaethylene glycol and pentaethylene glycol), which were then confirmed with reference standards, showed a potential environmental risk. Those substances prioritized through target and suspect screening followed by scoring systems can be a subset for the watch list and potential targets for nationwide water quality monitoring program in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea
| | - Younghun Choi
- Graduate School of FEED of Eco-Friendly Offshore Structure, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea; Water Environmental Safety Management Dept., Korea Water Resources Corporation (K-water), 200 Sintanjin-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34350, South Korea
| | - Daeho Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea
| | - Junho Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea; School of Smart and Green Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea.
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11
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Zhang P, Meng F, Xia Y, Leng Y, Cui J. Deriving seawater quality criteria of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate for ecological risk assessment in China seas through species sensitivity distributions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119482. [PMID: 37939474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), one of the widely used organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), has been frequently detected in the marine environment in the seas off China. The existing freshwater biotoxicity data are not suited to derivation of the seawater quality criteria of TCEP and evaluating the associated ecological risks. This study aimed at deriving water quality criteria (WQC) of TCEP for marine organisms based on species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach using the acute toxicity data generated from multispecies bioassays and chronic toxicity data by converting acute data with the acute-to-chronic ratios (ACRs); the derived WQC were then used to evaluate the ecological risk for TCEP in China Seas. According to median effective concentration (EC50) and median lethal concentration (LC50), TCEP had a moderate or low toxicity to eight marine species selected, among which mysid Neomysis awatschensis (96h-LC50 of 39.65 mg/L) and green alga Platymonas subcordiformis (96-h EC50 of 395.42 mg/L) were the most sensitive and the most tolerant, respectively. The acute and chronic hazardous concentrations of TCEP for 5% of marine species (HC5) were estimated to be 29.55 and 2.68 mg/L, respectively. The short-term and long-term WQC were derived to be 9.85 and 0.89 mg/L, respectively. The risk quotient (RQ) values indicated that TECP at current levels poses a negligible risk to marine ecosystems in China. These results will provide valuable reference for the government to establish a seawater quality standard for TCEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Yufan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yu Leng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiali Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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12
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Foster SA, Kile ML, Hystad P, Diamond ML, Jantunen LM, Mandhane PJ, Moraes TJ, Navaranjan G, Scott JA, Simons E, Subbarao P, Takaro TK, Turvey SE, Brook JR. Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in house dust and mental health outcomes among Canadian mothers: A nested prospective cohort study in CHILD. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117451. [PMID: 37871788 PMCID: PMC10841641 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs) are common exposures in modern built environments. Toxicological models report that some OPEs reduce dopamine and serotonin in the brain. Deficiencies in these neurotransmitters are associated with anxiety and depression. We hypothesized that exposure to higher concentrations of OPEs in house dust would be associated with a greater risk of depression and stress in mothers across the prenatal and postpartum periods. We conducted a nested prospective cohort study using data collected on mothers (n = 718) in the CHILD Cohort Study, a longitudinal multi-city Canadian birth cohort (2008-2012). OPEs were measured in house dust sampled at 3-4 months postpartum. Maternal depression and stress were measured at 18 and 36 weeks gestation and 6 months and 1 year postpartum using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies for Depression Scale (CES-D) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). We used linear mixed models to examine the association between a summed Z-Score OPE index and continuous depression and stress scores. In adjusted models, one standard deviation increase in the OPE Z-score index was associated with a 0.07-point (95% CI: 0.01, 0.13) increase in PSS score. OPEs were not associated with log-transformed CES-D (β: 0.63%, 95% CI: -0.18%, 1.46%). The effect of OPEs on PSS score was strongest at 36 weeks gestation and weakest at 1 year postpartum. We observed small increases in maternal perceived stress levels, but not depression, with increasing OPEs measured in house dust during the prenatal and early postpartum period in this cohort of Canadian women. Given the prevalence of prenatal and postpartum anxiety and the ubiquity of OPE exposures, additional research is warranted to understand if these chemicals affect maternal mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Foster
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Health, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Molly L Kile
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Health, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Perry Hystad
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Health, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Miriam L Diamond
- Department of Earth Sciences and School of the Environment, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Suite 410, Fourth Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada.
| | - Liisa M Jantunen
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Government of Canada, Canada.
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Black Wing Room 1436, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Garthika Navaranjan
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Sixth Floor, Toronto, ON, MST 3M7, Canada.
| | - James A Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Sixth Floor, Toronto, ON, MST 3M7, Canada.
| | - Elinor Simons
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, 840 Sherbrook Street, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1S1, Canada.
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Black Wing Room 1436, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Sixth Floor, Toronto, ON, MST 3M7, Canada.
| | - Tim K Takaro
- Department of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Blusson Hall, Room 11300, Burnaby, B.C, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Pediatric Immunology, The University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Sixth Floor, Toronto, ON, MST 3M7, Canada.
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13
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He W, Ding J, Gao N, Zhu L, Zhu L, Feng J. Elucidating the toxicity mechanisms of organophosphate esters by adverse outcome pathway network. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:233-250. [PMID: 37864630 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of organophosphate esters (OPEs), the accumulation and toxicity effect of OPEs in biota are attracting more and more concern. In order to clarify the mechanism of toxicity of OPEs to organisms, this study reviewed the OPEs toxicity and systematically identified the mechanism of OPEs toxicity under the framework of adverse outcome pathway (AOP). OPEs were divided into three groups (alkyl-OPEs, aryl-OPEs, and halogenated-OPEs) and biota was divided into aquatic organism and mammals. The results showed that tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) mainly caused neurotoxicity, reproductive, and hepatotoxicity in different mechanisms. According to the constructed AOP network, the toxicity mechanism of OPEs on aquatic organisms and mammals is different, which is mainly attributed to the different biological metabolic systems of aquatic organisms and mammals. Interestingly, our results indicate that the toxicity effect of the three kinds of OPEs on aquatic organisms is different, while there was no obvious difference in the mechanism of toxicity of OPEs on mammals. This study provides a theoretical basis for OPEs risk assessment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu He
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiaqi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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14
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Liu D, Feng C, Qiao Y, Wang J, Bai Y, Wu F. Predicting the acute toxicity of organophosphate esters (OPEs) to aquatic organisms by modelling the structure-toxicity relationships using partial least square regression. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166708. [PMID: 37660809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been used worldwide as organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) since brominated flame retardants (BFRs) were banned. Due to the toxicity of these OPEs, environmental concerns and ecological risks arose. However, there are still large gaps in the understanding of their toxicity to organisms and the mechanisms of toxicity. After collecting the existing toxicity information and obtaining molecular descriptors of OPEs, a partial least square (PLS) regression model was used in this study to quantify the structure-toxicity relationships of OPEs. Based on the regression results, the acute toxicity of the remaining OPEs lacking acute toxicity data was predicted, and the risk level of total common OPEs was classified. The acute toxicity of 15 chemicals was collected, and >1660 molecular structure descriptors were obtained. The cross-validation results of the partial least square regression indicated that two principal components met the regression requirements with the selected features, and the regression equations of these chemicals were generated with selected molecular descriptors. The influence of physicochemical properties, such as hydrophobicity/molecular weight, in traditional perception of OPE toxicity was not that obvious, and acute toxicity was mainly influenced by the autocorrelation coefficients. However, the regression results indicated that the correlation between autocorrelation coefficients calculated based on different physicochemical properties and toxicity was different. According to the prediction result based on PLS regression, CDP may pose a high risk and halogenated alkyl-substituted OPEs such as TCEP may be less toxic. The results of the present study may help inform the environmental management and risk assessment of emerging chemicals such as OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Liu
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jindong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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15
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Rosolen V, Giordani E, Mariuz M, Parpinel M, Mustieles V, Gilles L, Govarts E, Rodriguez Martin L, Baken K, Schoeters G, Sepai O, Sovcikova E, Fabelova L, Kohoutek J, Jensen TK, Covaci A, Roggeman M, Melymuk L, Klánová J, Castano A, Esteban López M, Barbone F. Cognitive Performance and Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Children: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Analysis of Two European Mother-Child Cohorts. TOXICS 2023; 11:878. [PMID: 37999530 PMCID: PMC10675051 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the effects of organophosphate flame retardants on children's neurodevelopment is limited. The purpose of the present research is to evaluate the association between exposure to organophosphate flame retardants and children's neurodevelopment in two European cohorts involved in the Human Biomonitoring Initiative Aligned Studies. The participants were school-aged children belonging to the Odense Child Cohort (Denmark) and the PCB cohort (Slovakia). In each cohort, the children's neurodevelopment was assessed through the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient score of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, using two different editions. The children's urine samples, collected at one point in time, were analyzed for several metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants. The association between neurodevelopment and each organophosphate flame retardant metabolite was explored by applying separate multiple linear regressions based on the approach of MM-estimation in each cohort. In the Danish cohort, the mean ± standard deviation for the neurodevelopment score was 98 ± 12; the geometric mean (95% confidence interval (95% CI)) of bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) standardized by creatinine (crt) was 0.52 µg/g crt (95% CI = 0.49; 0.60), while that of diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) standardized by crt was 1.44 µg/g crt (95% CI = 1.31; 1.58). The neurodevelopment score showed a small, negative, statistically imprecise trend with BDCIPP standardized by crt (β = -1.30; 95%CI = -2.72; 0.11; p-value = 0.07) and no clear association with DPHP standardized by crt (β = -0.98; 95%CI = -2.96; 0.99; p-value = 0.33). The neurodevelopment score showed a negative trend with BDCIPP (β = -1.42; 95% CI = -2.70; -0.06; p-value = 0.04) and no clear association with DPHP (β = -1.09; 95% CI = -2.87; 0.68; p-value = 0.23). In the Slovakian cohort, the mean ± standard deviation for the neurodevelopment score was 81 ± 15; the geometric mean of BDCIPP standardized by crt was 0.18 µg/g crt (95% CI = 0.16; 0.20), while that of DPHP standardized by crt was 2.24 µg/g crt (95% CI = 2.00; 3.52). The association of the neurodevelopment score with BDCIPP standardized by crt was -0.49 (95%CI = -1.85; 0.87; p-value = 0.48), and with DPHP standardized by crt it was -0.35 (95%CI = -1.90; 1.20; p-value = 0.66). No clear associations were observed between the neurodevelopment score and BDCIPP/DPHP concentrations that were not standardized by crt. No clear associations were observed with bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) in either cohort, due to the low detection frequency of this compound. In conclusion, this study provides only limited evidence of an inverse association between neurodevelopment and exposure to BDCIPP and DPHP. The timing of exposure and effect modification of other organophosphate flame retardant metabolites and other substances should be the subject of further investigations that address this scientific hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rosolen
- Central Directorate for Health, Social Policies and Disability, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Via Cassa Di Risparmio 10, 34121 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Giordani
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marika Mariuz
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Liese Gilles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Kirsten Baken
- BrabantAdvies, Brabantlaan 3, 5216 TV ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp—Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ovnair Sepai
- Toxicology Department, Science Group, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Eva Sovcikova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Fabelova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jiři Kohoutek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maarten Roggeman
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Argelia Castano
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Marta Esteban López
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Fabio Barbone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Zhang X, Tang X, Yang Y, Tong X, Hu H, Zhang X. Tributyl phosphate can inhibit the feeding behavior of rotifers by altering the axoneme structure, neuronal coordination and energy supply required for motile cilia. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132224. [PMID: 37557041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are frequently detected in aquatic environments and can potentially amplify the food chain, posing a potential risk to organisms. Marine invertebrates have primitive nervous systems to regulate behavior, but how they respond to OPFRs that are potentially neurotoxic substances is unclear. This study assessed changes in the feeding behavior of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis exposed to alkyl OPFRs tributyl phosphate (TnBP) (0.376 nM, 3.76 and 22.53 µM) to elucidate the mechanism of behavioral toxicity. TnBP at 22.53 μM reduced the ingestion and filtration rates of rotifers for Chlorella vulgaris and Phaeocystis globosa in a 24-h test and altered rotifer-P. globosa population dynamics in 15-d coculture. Ciliary beat frequency was also reduced, and the expression of genes encoding the cilia axoneme was downregulated. TnBP could inhibit rotifer acetylcholinesterase activity by binding this protein and reduce the expression of the exocytotic membrane protein syntaxin-4, suggesting a disorder in nervous regulation of cilia beat. Moreover, TnBP induced abnormal shape and dysfunction of mitochondria, which caused insufficient energy required for ciliary movement. This study revealed diverse neurotoxicity mechanisms of TnBP, particularly as a potentially competing acetylcholinesterase ligand for aquatic invertebrates. Our research also provides a meaningful reference for OPFR-induced behavioral toxicity assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hanwen Hu
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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17
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Toni M, Arena C, Cioni C, Tedeschi G. Temperature- and chemical-induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1276941. [PMID: 37854466 PMCID: PMC10579595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1276941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout their lives, humans encounter a plethora of substances capable of inducing neurotoxic effects, including drugs, heavy metals and pesticides. Neurotoxicity manifests when exposure to these chemicals disrupts the normal functioning of the nervous system, and some neurotoxic agents have been linked to neurodegenerative pathologies such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The growing concern surrounding the neurotoxic impacts of both naturally occurring and man-made toxic substances necessitates the identification of animal models for rapid testing across a wide spectrum of substances and concentrations, and the utilization of tools capable of detecting nervous system alterations spanning from the molecular level up to the behavioural one. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is gaining prominence in the field of neuroscience due to its versatility. The possibility of analysing all developmental stages (embryo, larva and adult), applying the most common "omics" approaches (transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, etc.) and conducting a wide range of behavioural tests makes zebrafish an excellent model for neurotoxicity studies. This review delves into the main experimental approaches adopted and the main markers analysed in neurotoxicity studies in zebrafish, showing that neurotoxic phenomena can be triggered not only by exposure to chemical substances but also by fluctuations in temperature. The findings presented here serve as a valuable resource for the study of neurotoxicity in zebrafish and define new scenarios in ecotoxicology suggesting that alterations in temperature can synergistically compound the neurotoxic effects of chemical substances, intensifying their detrimental impact on fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Toni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Arena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Cioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- CRC “Innovation for Well-Being and Environment” (I-WE), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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18
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Tang J, Qin J, Kuerban G, Li J, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Sun R, Yin L, Pu Y, Zhang J. Effects of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) on neurobehavior of Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:85578-85591. [PMID: 37389749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging flame retardant, organic phosphate flame retardants have been extensively used worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of TnBP on neurobehavior of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and its mechanisms. L1 larvae of wild-type nematodes (N2) were exposed to TnBP of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 20 mg/L for 72 hours. Then, we observed that the body length and body width were inhibited, the head swings were increased, the pump contractions and chemical trend index were reduced, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased, and the expression of mitochondrial oxidative stress related genes (mev-1 and gas-1) and P38 MAPK signal pathway-related genes (pmk-1, sek-1, and nsy-1) was altered. After reporter gene strains BZ555, DA1240, and EG1285 were exposed to TnBP of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 20 mg/L for 72 hours, the synthesis of dopamine, glutamate, and Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) was increased. In addition, the pmk-1 mutants (KU25) led to the sensitivity of C. elegans to TnBP in terms of head swings. The results showed that TnBP had harmful effects on the neurobehavior of C. elegans, oxidative stress might be one of the mechanisms of its neurotoxicity, and P38 MAPK signal pathway might play an important regulatory role in this process. The results revealed the potential adverse effects of TnBP on the neurobehavior of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guzailinuer Kuerban
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongdan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Hedge JM, Hunter DL, Sanders E, Jarema KA, Olin JK, Britton KN, Lowery M, Knapp BR, Padilla S, Hill BN. Influence of Methylene Blue or Dimethyl Sulfoxide on Larval Zebrafish Development and Behavior. Zebrafish 2023; 20:132-145. [PMID: 37406269 PMCID: PMC10627343 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of larval zebrafish developmental testing and assessment, specifically larval zebrafish locomotor activity, has been recognized as a higher throughput testing strategy to identify developmentally toxic and neurotoxic chemicals. There are, however, no standardized protocols for this type of assay, which could result in confounding variables being overlooked. Two chemicals commonly employed during early-life stage zebrafish assays, methylene blue (antifungal agent) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, a commonly used vehicle) have been reported to affect the morphology and behavior of freshwater fish. In this study, we conducted developmental toxicity (morphology) and neurotoxicity (behavior) assessments of commonly employed concentrations for both chemicals (0.6-10.0 μM methylene blue; 0.3%-1.0% v/v DMSO). A light-dark transition behavioral testing paradigm was applied to morphologically normal, 6 days postfertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae kept at 26°C. Additionally, an acute DMSO challenge was administered based on early-life stage zebrafish assays typically used in this research area. Results from developmental toxicity screens were similar between both chemicals with no morphological abnormalities detected at any of the concentrations tested. However, neurodevelopmental results were mixed between the two chemicals of interest. Methylene blue resulted in no behavioral changes up to the highest concentration tested, 10.0 μM. By contrast, DMSO altered larval behavior following developmental exposure at concentrations as low as 0.5% (v/v) and exhibited differential concentration-response patterns in the light and dark photoperiods. These results indicate that developmental DMSO exposure can affect larval zebrafish locomotor activity at routinely used concentrations in developmental neurotoxicity assessments, whereas methylene blue does not appear to be developmentally or neurodevelopmentally toxic to larval zebrafish at routinely used concentrations. These results also highlight the importance of understanding the influence of experimental conditions on larval zebrafish locomotor activity that may ultimately confound the interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M. Hedge
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Advanced Experimental Toxicology Models Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Deborah L. Hunter
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Rapid Assay Development Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Erik Sanders
- Aquatics Lab Services LLC 1112 Nashville Street St. Peters, MO 63376, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Jarema
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Immediate Office, Program Operations Staff, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Jeanene K. Olin
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Rapid Assay Development Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Katy N. Britton
- ORAU Research Participation Program hosted by EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Rapid Assay Development Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Morgan Lowery
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Rapid Assay Development Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Bridget R. Knapp
- ORISE Research Participation Program hosted by EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Rapid Assay Development Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Stephanie Padilla
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Rapid Assay Development Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Bridgett N. Hill
- ORISE Research Participation Program hosted by EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Rapid Assay Development Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
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20
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Lin L, Huang Y, Wang P, Chen CC, Qian W, Zhu X, Xu X. Environmental occurrence and ecotoxicity of aquaculture-derived plastic leachates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:132015. [PMID: 37437480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic products such as fishing nets and foam buoys have been widely used in aquaculture. To enhance the desirable characteristics of the final equipment, plastic gear for aquaculture is mixed with a wide range of additives. Recent studies have shown that additives could be leached out to the environment with a long-term use of aquaculture plastics, forming aquaculture-derived plastic leachates. It should be emphasized that some leachates such as phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) are endocrine disruptors, which could increase the exposure risk of aquatic products and subsequently display potential threats to human health via food chain. However, systematic studies on the release, occurrence, bioaccumulation, and toxic effects of aquaculture-derived plastic leachates are missing, overlooking their potential sources and ecotoxicological risks in aquatic environments. We have reviewed and compared the concentrations of major plastic leachates in the water environment and organisms of global aquaculture and non-farmed areas, confirming that aquaculture leachate is an important source of contaminants in the environment. Moreover, the toxic effects of aquaculture-derived plastic additives and the related mechanisms are summarized with fish as a representative, revealing their potential health risk. In addition, we proposed current challenges and future research needs, which provides scientific guidance for the use and management of plastic products in aquaculture industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxiong Huang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ciara Chun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Southern Ocean Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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21
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Huang K, Fei J, Zhang Z, Kong R, Li M, Zhang Y, Liu C. Exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TnBP results in tissue-specific bio-accumulation and inhibits growth of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 334:138972. [PMID: 37230301 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) is commonly used as flame retardant and rubber plasticizer, and has been widely detected in aquatic organisms and natural waters. However, the potential toxicity of TnBP in fish remains unclear. In the present study, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) larvae were treated with environmentally relevant concentrations (100 or 1000 ng/L) of TnBP for 60 d and then they were depurated in clean water for 15 d, and the accumulation and depuration of the chemical in six tissues of silver carp were measured. Furthermore, effects on growth were evaluated and potential molecular mechanisms were explored. Results indicated that TnBP could be rapidly accumulated and depurated in silver carp tissues. In addition, the bio-accumulation of TnBP displayed tissue-specificity, where intestine contained the greatest and vertebra had the smallest level of TnBP. Furthermore, exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TnBP led to time- and concentration-dependent growth inhibition of silver carp, even though TnBP was completely depurated in tissues. Mechanistic studies suggested that exposure to TnBP up- and down-regulated the expression of ghr and igf1 in liver, respectively, and increased GH contents in plasma of silver carp. TnBP exposure also up-regulated the expression of ugt1ab and dio2 in liver, as well as decreased T4 contents in plasma of silver carp. Our findings provide direct evidence of health hazards of TnBP to fish in natural waters, calling for more attention of environmental risks of TnBP in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiamin Fei
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ren Kong
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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22
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Li Y, Hu L, Zhou B, Zheng Z, Xu Q, Liu J, Song L, Wang Y, Mei S. The association between organophosphate esters exposure and body mass index in children and adolescents: The mediating effect of sex hormones. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138305. [PMID: 36871798 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), used as flame retardants and plasticizers, have been indicated to impair growth and development in toxicological studies, but current epidemiological data on their associations with body mass index (BMI) are limited and the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aim to explore the association of OPE metabolites with BMI z-score, and assess whether sex hormones mediate the relationships between OPE exposure and BMI z-score. We measured weight and height, and determined OPE metabolites in spot urine samples and sex hormones in serum samples among 1156 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Liuzhou city, China. The results showed that di-o-cresyl phosphate and di-pcresyl phosphate (DoCP & DpCP) levels were associated with lower BMI z-score of all participants and a similar pattern of associations were presented in prepubertal boys stratified by sex-puberty groups and male children stratified by sex-age groups. In addition, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were related to reduced BMI z-score among all subgroups including prepubertal boys, prepubertal girls, pubertal boys, and pubertal girls (all Ptrend<0.05). We also found that DoCP & DpCP showed positive associations with SHBG among prepubertal boys. Mediation analysis further showed that SHBG mediated 35.0% of the association between DoCP & DpCP and reduced BMI z-score in prepubertal boys. Our results indicated that OPEs may impair growth and development by disrupting the sex hormones in prepubertal boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Liqin Hu
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Qitong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Lulu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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23
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Ashley-Martin J, MacPherson S, Zhao Z, Gaudreau É, Provencher G, Fisher M, Borghese MM, Bouchard MF, Booij L, Arbuckle TE. Descriptive analysis of organophosphate ester metabolites in a pan-Canadian pregnancy cohort. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163327. [PMID: 37030364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used in numerous consumer products for their flame retardant and plasticizing properties. Despite potential widespread exposure, biomonitoring data during critical windows of development are scarce and limited to the most widely studied metabolites. We quantified urinary concentrations of multiple OPE metabolites in a vulnerable Canadian population. Using data and biobanked specimens from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study (2008-2011), we measured first trimester urinary concentrations of 15 OPE metabolites as well as one flame retardant metabolite and quantified associations with sociodemographic and sample collection characteristics in 1865 pregnant participants. We applied 2 different analytical methods to quantify OPEs, one using UItra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and the other using Atmospheric Pressure Gas Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (APGC-MS/MS) with sensitive limits of detection (0.008-0.1 μg/L). We modelled associations between sociodemographic and sample collection characteristics and specific gravity-standardized chemical concentrations. Six OPE metabolites were detected in the majority (68.1-97.4 %) of participants. Bis-(2-chloroethyl) hydrogen phosphate had the highest detection rate (97.4 %). Diphenyl phosphate had the highest geometric mean concentration (0.657 μg/L). Metabolites of tricresyl phosphate were detected in few participants. Associations between sociodemographic characteristics varied according to each OPE metabolite. Pre-pregnancy body mass index tended to be positively associated with OPE metabolite concentrations whereas age tended to be inversely associated with OPE concentrations. OPE concentrations were, on average, higher in urine samples collected in the summer than other seasons the winter. We present the largest biomonitoring study of OPE metabolites in pregnant people to date. These findings demonstrate widespread exposure to OPEs and their metabolites and identify subpopulations who may experience heightened exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Ashley-Martin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Susan MacPherson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Éric Gaudreau
- Centre du Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, QC G1V 5B3, Canada.
| | - Gilles Provencher
- Centre du Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, QC G1V 5B3, Canada.
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Michael M Borghese
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Maryse F Bouchard
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, Quebec, Canada; Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Research centre, Douglas Institute, Montreal H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
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24
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Li Y, Luo D, Zhao X, Wang H, Zheng Z, Liu J, Liu C, Wang H, Chen Y, Shang Y, Lu W, Mei S, Wang Y. Urinary concentrations of organophosphate esters in relation to semen quality: A cross-sectional study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161202. [PMID: 36581274 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers in consumer products. Toxicological studies have indicated that OPEs may affect male reproductive health, but human evidence is inconclusive. In this study, we explored associations of individual and mixtures of OPE exposure with semen quality among 1015 Chinese men from an infertility clinic. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed that higher diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) and [Bis(2-methylphenyl) phosphate (BMPP)] exposure was associated with increased odds ratios (ORs) of having below-reference total sperm count. Higher bis (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) exposure was associated with increased ORs of having below-reference progressive motility and total motility. For semen quality parameters modeled as continuous outcomes, inverse associations with individual OPE were still observed. In addition, urinary 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) concentrations were inversely associated with the percentage of normal morphology while positively associated with the percentage of abnormal heads. Quantile g-computation regression analyses showed that exposure to higher OPE mixtures was associated with lower total sperm motility and normal morphology. Our results indicated that both individual and mixtures of OPE exposure were associated with reduced semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- Technology Center of Wuhan, Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Han Wang
- Technology Center of Wuhan, Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhiyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Technology Center of Wuhan, Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinzhu Shang
- Technology Center of Wuhan, Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wenqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Yang J, Luo Y, Chen M, Lu H, Zhang H, Liu Y, Guo C, Xu J. Occurrence, spatial distribution, and potential risks of organic micropollutants in urban surface waters from qinghai, northwest China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137819. [PMID: 36640988 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lack of knowledge on the destiny of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in the Tibetan Plateau region of China prevents the public from being aware of the need for protecting these unique aquatic ecosystems that are precious water resources and source areas of the Yellow River. To address this knowledge gap, this study systematically investigated the multi-residue analysis, distribution, and potential risks of six types of OMPs, namely, neonicotinoid pesticides (NEOs), fungicides, organophosphate esters (OPEs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), psychoactive substances (PSs), and antidepressants (ADs), in surface waters of major cities in Qinghai. A total of 31 compounds, consisting of 8 NEOs, 1 fungicide, 12 OPEs, 2 OPPs, 5 PSs, and 3 ADs, were detected in >50% of the sites, showing their ubiquitous nature in the study area. Results showed that the total OMP concentration in surface water was 28.3-908 ng/L, and OPEs were the dominant composition (48.6%-97.4%). The risk quotient values of the detected diazinon and dursban regularly exceeded 1 for aquatic organisms at all sampling sites, indicating moderate-high chronic ecological risk. The joint probability curves showed that dursban and NEOs have higher risk levels than other OMPs. Although the results of the non-carcinogenic total hazard quotient of the OMPs in the surface water was less than 1 in all age groups and the carcinogenic risk was lower than the negligible risk level, the potential risks to children and infants were considerably greater and should not be underestimated. In addition to pollutant concentration and exposure duration, ingestion rate and body weight (BW) are also important factors affecting health risk, with BW having a negative effect. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this report is the first to describe OMP pollution in Qinghai, and the results provide new insight into the ecological security of the water resources of the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Haijian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Esplugas R, Linares V, Bellés M, Domingo JL, Schuhmacher M. In vitro neurotoxic potential of emerging flame retardants on neuroblastoma cells in an acute exposure scenario. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 87:105523. [PMID: 36427757 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since 2004, some legacy flame retardants (FRs) were restricted or removed from the European markets due to their concern on human health. Both organophosphorus FRs (OPFRs) and novel brominated FRs (NBFRs) have replaced them because they are presumably safer and less persistent emerging FRs (EFRs) and their exposure is currently occurring in indoor environments at high levels. Little is known about the neurotoxic potential risk of these EFRs in humans. The present study was aimed at assessing the acute neurotoxicity potential of Tris(1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), Bis(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP) and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB) on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). SH-SY5Y were exposed to these EFRs at low concentrations -ranging 2.5-20 μM. during 2-24 h. We investigated viability, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, as well as neural plasticity and development. The results have demonstrated that selected EFRs (TDCPP, TPhP, EH-TBB and BEH-TBP) did not impair neural function on SH-SY5Y as acute response. To the best of our knowledge, this has been the first study focused on evaluating the neural affection of TPhP on SH-SY5Y cells and of EH-TBB and BEH-TBP on neural cells. We also assessed for the first time almost all endpoints after FR exposure on neural cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Esplugas
- Environmental Analysis and Management Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - Victoria Linares
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Montserrat Bellés
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Analysis and Management Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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27
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Hawkey AB, Evans J, Holloway ZR, Pippen E, Jarrett O, Kenou B, Slotkin TA, Seidler FJ, Levin ED. Developmental exposure to the flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate, causes long-lasting neurobehavioral and neurochemical dysfunction. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:357-370. [PMID: 36369782 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human exposures to organophosphate flame retardants result from their use as additives in numerous consumer products. These agents are replacements for brominated flame retardants but have not yet faced similar scrutiny for developmental neurotoxicity. We examined a representative organophosphate flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and its potential effects on behavioral development and dopaminergic function. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given low doses of TPP (16 or 32 mg kg-1 day-1 ) via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps, begun preconception and continued into the early postnatal period. Offspring were administered a battery of behavioral tests from adolescence into adulthood, and littermates were used to evaluate dopaminergic synaptic function. RESULTS Offspring with TPP exposures showed increased latency to begin eating in the novelty-suppressed feeding test, impaired object recognition memory, impaired choice accuracy in the visual signal detection test, and sex-selective effects on locomotor activity in adolescence (males) but not adulthood. Male, but not female, offspring showed marked increases in dopamine utilization in the striatum, evidenced by an increase in the ratio of the primary dopamine metabolite (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) relative to dopamine levels. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that TPP has adverse effects that are similar in some respects to those of organophosphate pesticides, which were restricted because of their developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Hawkey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Janequia Evans
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zade R Holloway
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erica Pippen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olivia Jarrett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bruny Kenou
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Theodore A Slotkin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Frederic J Seidler
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Wang H, Jing C, Peng H, Liu S, Zhao H, Zhang W, Chen X, Hu F. Parental whole life-cycle exposure to tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) disrupts embryonic development and thyroid system in zebrafish offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114313. [PMID: 36410141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), an emerging environmental pollutant, has been frequently detected in natural waters. The objective of this study was to investigate possible parental transfer of TCEP and transgenerational effects on the early development and thyroid hormone homeostasis in F1 larvae following parental whole life-cycle exposure to TCEP. To this end, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.8, 4, 20 and 100 μg/L) of TCEP for 120 days until sexual maturation. Parental exposure to TCEP resulted in significant levels of TCEP, developmental toxicity including decreased survival and final hatching rates, accelerated heart rate and elevated malformation rate, as well as induction of oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in F1 offspring. In F1 eggs, declined thyroxin (T4) levels were observed, consistent with those in plasma of F0 adult females, indicating the maternal transfer of thyroid endocrine disruption to the offspring. In addition, mRNA levels of several genes along the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were significantly modified in F1 larvae, which could be linked to transgenerational developmental toxicity and thyroid hormone disruption. For the first time, we revealed that the parental exposure to environmentally relevant levels of TCEP could cause developmental toxicity and thyroid endocrine disruption in subsequent unexposed generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chen Jing
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hangke Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shangshu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haocheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weini Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Fengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
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29
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Wang X, Li F, Teng Y, Ji C, Wu H. Potential adverse outcome pathways with hazard identification of organophosphate esters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158093. [PMID: 35985583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Data-driven analysis and pathway-based approaches contribute to reasonable arrangements of limited resources and laboratory tests for continuously emerging commercial chemicals, which provides opportunities to save time and effort for toxicity research. With the widespread usage of organophosphate esters (OPEs) on a global scale, the concentrations generally reached up to micromolar range in environmental media and even in organisms. However, potential adverse effects and toxicity pathways of OPEs have not been systematically assessed. Therefore, it is necessary to review the current situation, formulate the future research priorities, and characterize toxicity mechanisms via data-driven analysis. Results showed that the early toxicity studies focused on neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and metabolic disorders. Then the main focus shifted to the mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, endocrine disruption, hepatocytes, reproductive and developmental toxicity to vulnerable sub-populations, such as infants and embryos, affected by OPEs. In addition, several novel OPEs have been emerging, such as bis(2-ethylhexyl)-phenyl phosphate (HDEHP) and oxidation derivatives (OPAsO) generated from organophosphite antioxidants (OPAs), leading to multiple potential ecological and human health risks (neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, developmental toxicity, etc.). Notably, in-depth statistical analysis was promising in encapsulating toxicological information to develop adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) frameworks. Subsequently, network-centric analysis and quantitative weight-of-evidence (QWOE) approaches were utilized to construct and evaluate the putative AOPs frameworks of OPEs, showing the moderate confidences of the developed AOPs. In addition, frameworks demonstrated that several events, such as nuclear receptor activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, were involved in multiple different adverse outcome (AO), and these AOs had certain degree of connectivity. This study brought new insights into facilitating the complement of AOP efficiently, as well as establishing toxicity pathways framework to inform risk assessment of emerging OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Yuefa Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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30
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Wang H, Wang P, Li Q, Li J, Zhang L, Shi H, Li J, Zhang Y. Prenatal Exposure of Organophosphate Esters and Its Trimester-Specific and Gender-Specific Effects on Fetal Growth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17018-17028. [PMID: 36375127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of organophosphate esters (OPEs) on embryonic development is well noted in animal experiments, but epidemiological studies are still lacking. This study evaluated the prenatal exposure of OPEs and its trimester-specific and gender-specific effects on fetal growth. The correlations between OPE exposure and fetal growth were investigated by linear mixed-effect models and multivariable linear regression analyses. Prenatal exposure to tributyl phosphate (TBP) was negatively associated with a z-score of fetal abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), and head circumference (HC). In the second trimester, the serum concentration of TBP was inversely related to the z-score of AC, BPD, and HC. In the third trimester, serum concentration of TBP was inversely related to AC, BPD, and FL z-scores. Prenatal exposure to tri-m-cresyl phosphate (TMCP) was inversely related to the z-score of AC, BPD, and HC. In the second trimester, TMCP was negatively correlated with AC, BPD, FL, and HC z-scores. After stratification by gender, male fetuses were more sensitive to OPE exposure. The above results remained robust after excluding pregnant women who gave preterm birth or those with low or high pre-pregnancy BMI. Our findings suggested that health effects of typical OPEs, particularly TBP and TMCP, should be taken into consideration in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huijing Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Yu H, Zhang J, Chen Y, Chen J, Qiu Y, Zhao Y, Li H, Xia S, Chen S, Zhu J. The adverse effects of fluxapyroxad on the neurodevelopment of zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135751. [PMID: 35863420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluxapyroxad (Flu), one of the succinate dehydrogenase-inhibited (SDHI) fungicides, has been extensively used in crop fungal disease control. Despite its increasing use in modern agriculture and long-term retention in the environment, the potentially toxic effects of Flu in vivo, especially on neurodevelopment, remain under-evaluated. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to Flu at concentrations of 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/L for 96 h to evaluate the neurotoxicity of Flu. The results showed that Flu caused concentration-dependent malformations, including shorter body length, smaller head and eyes, and yolk sac edema. After exposure to Flu, larval zebrafish exhibited severe motor aberrations. Flu at a concentration of 1 mg/L significantly decreased dopamine level and notably altered acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (ACh) content. Abnormal central nervous system (CNS) neurogenesis and disordered motor neuron development were observed in Tg (HUC-GFP) and Tg (hb9-GFP) zebrafish in Flu-treated groups. The expression of key genes involved in neurotransmission and neurodevelopment further proved that Flu impaired the zebrafish nervous system. This work contributes to our understanding of the neurotoxic effects and mechanisms induced by Flu in zebrafish and may help us take precautions against the neurotoxicity of Flu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinghong Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honghao Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengyao Xia
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiajin Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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32
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Zhao JY, Zhan ZX, Lu MJ, Tao FB, Wu D, Gao H. A systematic scoping review of epidemiological studies on the association between organophosphate flame retardants and neurotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113973. [PMID: 35988382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are increasingly and widely used as substitutes for brominated flame retardants in daily life. The chemical structure of OPFRs is very similar to that of organophosphorus pesticides, leading to concerns about their neurotoxicity. A few epidemiological studies have been published with inconsistent results on this topic, and a systematic scoping review is needed to provide an overview or map of the current evidence on the relationship of OPFRs with neurodevelopmental toxicity. Therefore, MEDLINE (accessed through PubMed), Web of Science, and CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) were systematically searched for articles published in the last two decades. Nine eligible articles were included in the present systematic scoping review for adherence to the predefined PECOS (population, exposure, comparison, outcome, study design) statement. Six studies were conducted in the USA, and the remaining three studies were conducted in Austria, Norway and China. A total of 2 581 children (1 203 females and 1 378 males) were included. Half of the included studies focused on the adverse effects of OPFR exposure on cognition in children, while others primarily focused on the behaviors of children. In summary, the current evidence suggests inverse associations between early-life exposure to OPFRs and the childhood intelligence quotient and internalizing behavior and positive relationships of OPFR exposure with externalizing behavior. However, some differences in the timing of sample collection for exposure measurements, in the individual OPFR metabolites available, in the neurodevelopmental scales for outcome measurement, and in the statistical methods used to analyze the data are noted. In addition, further studies are warranted to evaluate some important issues, such as sex differences in the association, exposure-sensitive periods, and cumulative exposure risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Juan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - De Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Wang X, Wang W, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Liao C, Jiang G. Organophosphate Esters in Foodstuffs from Multiple Provinces in China: Possible Sources during Food Processing and Implications for Human Exposure. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8609-8618. [PMID: 35793444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With increasing application of organophosphate esters (OPEs) as flame retardants and plasticizers in the world, the health and ecological risks posed by these chemicals have raised people's concern over the years. Despite the fact that dietary intake is an important pathway for human exposure to OPEs, monitoring on OPEs in foodstuffs is scarce. In this study, we measured 14 OPEs in both packaged (n = 229) and fresh (n = 58) foodstuffs collected across China with a new method that was developed by two-stage solid-phase extraction. The total concentrations of OPEs (ΣOPEs) in 12 categories of packaged foodstuffs and 5 categories of fresh foodstuffs were in the range of 0.212-273 ng/g wet weight (ww) [geometric mean (GM): 5.06 ng/g ww] and 0.189-2.82 ng/g ww (GM: 0.618 ng/g ww), respectively. Significantly higher levels of ΣOPEs were found in packaged food categories of fruits and meat than those in the corresponding fresh ones, implying the extra introduction of OPEs during the processing and storage of foodstuffs. Correlation analysis showed that the GM concentrations of individual OPEs in animal-derived foods with few industrial processing were positively correlated with their annual production volumes in China in 2020, emphasizing the significance of natural sources of OPEs in these food samples. Elevated levels of ΣOPEs (range: 8.94-4120 and GM: 274 ng/g) were found in food-packaging materials, and the predominant OPE analogues were consistent with those found in packaged food samples. The result implies that the food-packaging material can be an important contamination source of OPEs in packaged foodstuffs, which is in particular true for triphenyl phosphate, tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate. The median daily intake of ΣOPEs via food was estimated as 65.4 ng/kg bw/day for adults in China, and the category of cereals was the major contributor (72.7%) of the dietary exposure to OPEs. The exposure risk of OPEs via food intake was generally low for the Chinese population. Overall, this study establishes a baseline concentration for OPEs in Chinese foodstuffs and uncovers food contact material as a potential source of OPEs in foods. It is expected that the research in terms of food safety and OPE contamination will benefit from this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Chen Z, An C, Elektorowicz M, Tian X. Sources, behaviors, transformations, and environmental risks of organophosphate esters in the coastal environment: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113779. [PMID: 35635887 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth in the global production of organophosphate esters (OPEs) has resulted in their high environmental concentrations. The low removal rate of OPEs makes the effluents of wastewater treatment plants be one of the major sources of OPEs. Due to relatively high solubility and mobility, OPEs can be carried to the coastal environment through river discharge and atmospheric deposition. Therefore, the coastal environment can be an important OPE sink. Previous studies have shown that OPEs were widely detected in coastal atmospheres, water, sediments, and even aquatic organisms. OPEs can undergo various environmental processes in the coastal environment, including adsorption/desorption, air-water exchange, and degradation. In addition, bioaccumulation of OPEs was observed in coastal biota but current concentrations would not cause significant ecological risks. More efforts are required to understand the environmental behaviors of OPEs and address resultant environmental and health risks, especially in the complicated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Chunjiang An
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada.
| | - Maria Elektorowicz
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Xuelin Tian
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada
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Hou M, Zhang B, Fu S, Cai Y, Shi Y. Penetration of Organophosphate Triesters and Diesters across the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier: Efficiencies, Impact Factors, and Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8221-8230. [PMID: 35658413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The penetration of organophosphate triesters (tri-OPEs) and diesters (di-OPEs) across the blood-brain barrier and their influencing factors remain unclear in humans. In this study, 21 tri-OPEs and 8 di-OPEs were measured in 288 paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected in Jinan, China. Six tri-OPEs were frequently detected in both serum and CSF, with median concentrations ranging from 0.062 to 1.62 and 0.042-1.11 ng/mL, respectively. Their penetration efficiencies across the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB) (RCSF/serum, CCSF/Cserum) were calculated at 0.667-2.80, and these efficiencies first increased and then decreased with their log Kow values. The reduced penetration efficiencies of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) may be attributed to their strong binding affinities for human serum albumin and p-glycoprotein due to their high hydrophobicity and aryl structure, as indicated by molecular docking. This suggests that active efflux transport may be involved in the penetration of TPHP and EHDPP in addition to passive diffusion similar to the other four tri-OPEs. Di-OPEs were found in few serum samples and even fewer CSF samples, indicating their limited BCSFB permeability. This may be due to their high polarity, low hydrophobicity, and ionic state in blood. This study has important implications for understanding the neurotoxicity of tri-OPEs and di-OPEs and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bona Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Shanji Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yali Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Wang Y, Cheng Z, Zhang H, Li S, Pan Y, Zhang W, Huang S, He X, Zou F, Yuan Z, Yan W, Huang H. Tri-n-butyl phosphate delays tissue repair by dysregulating neutrophil function in zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116114. [PMID: 35690110 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) is a widely used organophosphate ester, but its effects on the regenerative process under damaging circumstances remain unknown. In the present study, zebrafish larvae were exposed to 0, 50, 100, 200 and 1000 μg/L TnBP, and the caudal fins were cut at 72 hours post fertilization (hpf). First, after exposure to TnBP, the number of total neutrophils decreased together with decreased neutrophils in the tail, and TnBP inhibited chemotaxis. Second, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the zebrafish decreased greatly. Following exposure to TnBP, transcription levels of many genes regulating fin regeneration, such as fgf20a, fgfr1a, bmp2a and bmp4, were significantly downregulated, while inflammatory factors such as cxcl8a, cxcl18b, il-6, and tnfa were abnormally upregulated. In addition, TnBP inhibited the regenerative area after caudal fin amputation. The inflammatory state was adverse during the regenerative process. In summary, TnBP exposure is immunotoxic and decreases oxidative stress in injured zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuaiting Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Yiming Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Weiyang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yuanjia Gangyouyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiwen He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fa Zou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhua Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, 400010 Chongqing, China.
| | - Huizhe Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, 400010 Chongqing, China.
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Hu F, Zhao Y, Dong F, Wang H, Zheng M, Zhang W, Chen X. Insights into the mechanisms of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate-induced growth inhibition in juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 247:106170. [PMID: 35468409 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the gradual elimination of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), the production and application of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), as a substitute of BFRs, has increased greatly. The objective of the present study was to comprehensively explore the potential adverse effects of TCEP on fish growth and the possible underlying mechanisms. To this end, juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCEP (0, 1, 10 and 100 µg/L) for 30 days. The results showed that exposure to high concentrations of TCEP (10 and 100 µg/L) significantly decreased body weight, body length and specific growth rate (SGR). Plasma IGF-I levels and hepatic mRNA levels of igf1 and igf1r were all reduced, while the transcriptional levels of IGFBPs (igfbp2, igfbp3, igfbp5) were significantly up-regulated in the liver of yellow catfish under exposure to 10 and 100 µg/L TCEP. TCEP-induced growth inhibition might be related to somatostatin (SS) signaling system, as evidenced by elevated mRNA transcriptions of ss in brain and its receptors (sstr2, sstr3, sstr5) in liver. In addition, fish exposed to high concentrations of TCEP displayed multiple histological alterations in liver. Taken together, these findings suggested that TCEP (>10 µg/L) might exert its inhibitory effect on fish growth through interfering with the GH/IGF axis and SS signaling system, and by impairing hepatic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feilong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weini Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
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Jarema KA, Hunter DL, Hill BN, Olin JK, Britton KN, Waalkes MR, Padilla S. Developmental Neurotoxicity and Behavioral Screening in Larval Zebrafish with a Comparison to Other Published Results. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050256. [PMID: 35622669 PMCID: PMC9145655 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
With the abundance of chemicals in the environment that could potentially cause neurodevelopmental deficits, there is a need for rapid testing and chemical screening assays. This study evaluated the developmental toxicity and behavioral effects of 61 chemicals in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae using a behavioral Light/Dark assay. Larvae (n = 16–24 per concentration) were exposed to each chemical (0.0001–120 μM) during development and locomotor activity was assessed. Approximately half of the chemicals (n = 30) did not show any gross developmental toxicity (i.e., mortality, dysmorphology or non-hatching) at the highest concentration tested. Twelve of the 31 chemicals that did elicit developmental toxicity were toxic at the highest concentration only, and thirteen chemicals were developmentally toxic at concentrations of 10 µM or lower. Eleven chemicals caused behavioral effects; four chemicals (6-aminonicotinamide, cyclophosphamide, paraquat, phenobarbital) altered behavior in the absence of developmental toxicity. In addition to screening a library of chemicals for developmental neurotoxicity, we also compared our findings with previously published results for those chemicals. Our comparison revealed a general lack of standardized reporting of experimental details, and it also helped identify some chemicals that appear to be consistent positives and negatives across multiple laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Jarema
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Immediate Office, Program Operations Staff, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
- Correspondence: (K.A.J.); (S.P.); Tel.: +1-919-541-2299 (K.A.J.); +1-919-541-3956 (S.P.)
| | - Deborah L. Hunter
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Rapid Assay Development Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (D.L.H.); (J.K.O.)
| | - Bridgett N. Hill
- ORISE Research Participation Program Hosted by EPA, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Rapid Assay Development Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;
| | - Jeanene K. Olin
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Rapid Assay Development Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (D.L.H.); (J.K.O.)
| | - Katy N. Britton
- ORAU Research Participation Program Hosted by EPA, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Rapid Assay Development Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Waalkes
- ORISE Research Participation Program Hosted by EPA, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, Genetic and Cellular Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;
| | - Stephanie Padilla
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Rapid Assay Development Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (D.L.H.); (J.K.O.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.J.); (S.P.); Tel.: +1-919-541-2299 (K.A.J.); +1-919-541-3956 (S.P.)
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Meng Y, Xu X, Xie G, Zhang Y, Chen S, Qiu Y, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Yin D. Alkyl organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) induce lung inflammation and aggravate OVA-simulated asthmatic response via the NF-кB signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107209. [PMID: 35358787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), are ubiquitously detected in indoor and outdoor environments and their inhalation may result in lung damage. This study examined pulmonary toxicity after exposure to TnBP or TBOEP and investigated aggravation of inflammation and immunoreaction by TnBP in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice model. Transcriptomics were used to further reveal the underlying mechanism. Exposure to TnBP or TBOEP resulted in pathological damage, including edema and thickened alveolar septum. In comparison with the control, enhanced levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.01 in TnBP (High) group and p < 0.05 in TBOEP (High) group), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) (p < 0.05), malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.01), and cytokines under a dose-dependent relationship were noted, and the expression of the Fkbp5/Nos3/MAPK/NF-кB signaling pathway (p < 0.01) was upregulated in the TnBP and TBOEP groups. Moreover, the combined exposure of TnBP and OVA exacerbated the allergic inflammatory response, including airway hyperresponsiveness, leukocytosis, cellular exudation and infiltration, secretion of inflammatory mediators, and higher expression of IgE (p < 0.01). Transcriptomics results demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt/NF-кB signal pathway was involved in TnBP-aggravated asthmatic mice. Exposure to TnBP or TBOEP resulted in oxidative damage and leukocyte-induced lung injury. TnBP can further facilitate OVA-induced asthma through an inflammatory response. This study is the first to reveal the pulmonary toxicity and potential mechanism induced by OPFRs through an in-vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guangming Xie
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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40
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Shankar P, Garcia GR, LaDu JK, Sullivan CM, Dunham CL, Goodale BC, Waters KM, Stanisheuski S, Maier CS, Thunga P, Reif DM, Tanguay RL. The Ahr2-Dependent wfikkn1 Gene Influences Zebrafish Transcriptome, Proteome, and Behavior. Toxicol Sci 2022; 187:325-344. [PMID: 35377459 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is required for vertebrate development and is also activated by exogenous chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and TCDD. AHR activation is well-understood, but roles of downstream molecular signaling events are largely unknown. From previous transcriptomics in 48-hours post fertilization (hpf) zebrafish exposed to several PAHs and TCDD, we found wfikkn1 was highly co-expressed with cyp1a (marker for AHR activation). Thus, we hypothesized wfikkn1's role in AHR signaling, and showed that wfikkn1 expression was Ahr2 (zebrafish ortholog of human AHR)-dependent in developing zebrafish exposed to TCDD. To functionally characterize wfikkn1, we made a CRISPR-Cas9 mutant line with a 16-bp deletion in wfikkn1's exon, and exposed wildtype and mutants to DMSO or TCDD. 48-hpf mRNA sequencing revealed over 700 genes that were differentially expressed (p < 0.05, log2FC > 1) between each pair of treatment combinations, suggesting an important role for wfikkn1 in altering both the 48-hpf transcriptome and TCDD-induced expression changes. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of 48-hpf wildtype and mutants revealed 325 significant differentially expressed proteins. Functional enrichment demonstrated wfikkn1 was involved in skeletal muscle development and played a role in neurological pathways after TCDD exposure. Mutant zebrafish appeared morphologically normal but had significant behavior deficiencies at all life stages, and absence of Wfikkn1 did not significantly alter TCDD-induced behavior effects at all life stages. In conclusion, wfikkn1 did not appear to be significantly involved in TCDD's overt toxicity but is likely a necessary functional member of the AHR signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Shankar
- The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA OR 97331
| | - Gloria R Garcia
- The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA OR 97331
| | - Jane K LaDu
- The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA OR 97331
| | - Christopher M Sullivan
- The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA OR 97331
| | - Cheryl L Dunham
- The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA OR 97331
| | - Britton C Goodale
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA
| | - Katrina M Waters
- The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA OR 97331.,Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, P.O. Box 999, USA WA 99352
| | | | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Preethi Thunga
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA OR 97331
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Jia ZL, Zhu CY, Rajendran RS, Xia Q, Liu KC, Zhang Y. Impact of airborne total suspended particles (TSP) and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 )-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1585-1602. [PMID: 35315093 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Airborne total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter (PM2.5 ) threaten global health and their potential impact on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are extensively studied. Recent studies attest premature deaths, low birth weight, and congenital anomalies in the fetus of pregnant women exposed to air pollution. In this regard, only few studies have explored the effects of TSP and PM2.5 on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular development. As both TSP and PM2.5 differ in size and composition, this study is attempted to assess the variability in toxicity effects between TSP and PM2.5 on the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems and the underlying mechanisms in a zebrafish model. To explore the potential toxic effects of TSP and PM2.5 , zebrafish embryos/larvae were exposed to 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/ml of TSP and PM2.5 from 24 to 120 hpf (hours post-fertilization). Both TSP and PM2.5 exposure increased the rate of mortality, malformations, and oxidative stress, whereas locomotor behavior, heart rate, blood flow velocity, development of cardiovasculature and neurovasculature, and dopaminergic neurons were reduced. The expression of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), Wnt signaling, and central nervous system (CNS) development were altered in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This study provides evidence for acute exposure to TSP and PM2.5 -induced cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental toxicity, attributed to enhanced oxidative stress and aberrant gene expression. Comparatively, the effects of PM2.5 were more pronounced than TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Li Jia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,School of life sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Yue Zhu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - R Samuel Rajendran
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ke-Chun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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42
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Sabzevari S, Hofman J. A worldwide review of currently used pesticides' monitoring in agricultural soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152344. [PMID: 34919921 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of pesticides on the agricultural ecosystem have been matter of concern in recent decades. However, attention has mostly been directed to highly persistent chemicals leading to underestimating currently used pesticides. In this review we present an overview of the studies on monitoring currently used pesticides in agricultural soils around the world published in the last 50 years. Furthermore, all data available in the articles has been integrated into one united data set. Finally, an overall meta-analysis on the prepared data set was performed. The result of the meta-analysis has been presented in this article. It was revealed that the occurrence of currently used pesticides in the soil of agricultural regions was alarming in many countries, establishing the need for long-term monitoring programs, especially in regions with intensive agricultural activities, in order to determine real-world currently used pesticides fate and accumulation in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Sabzevari
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Hofman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
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Ding R, Li Z, Xiong Y, Wu W, Yang Q, Hou X. Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for the Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides Based on Nanomaterial-Modified Electrodes: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1766-1791. [PMID: 35235478 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2041391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides were easily remained in fruits and vegetables which would be harm to the environmental safety and human health. In recent years, due to the simple preparation process, fast response and high sensitivity, the electrochemical (bio)sensors have received increasing attention, which were extensively used as the sensing platform for the detection of OPPs. The mechanisms for the determination of OPPs mainly included redox of nitrophenyl OPPs, enzyme hydrolysis and inhibition, immunosensor, aptasensor. Nowadays, the mainly explored electrode material has focused on metal-organic frameworks, metal and metal derivatives, carbon materials (carbon nanotube, graphene, g-C3N4), MXene, etc. These nanomaterials played important roles in the electrochemical (bio)sensors, which included: (a) as an electrocatalyst to promote the redox reaction, (b) as a carrier to load the enzyme or aptamer, (c) as a recognizer to identify the targets. The nanomaterials-based electrochemical (bio)sensor was a rapid, cost-effective methods to detect OPPs with high sensitivity. Besides, this review compared the analytical performance of different nanomaterials-based electrochemical (bio)sensors, and also identified the key challenges in the future. It would provide new ideas and insights to the further development and application of electrochemical (bio)sensors and the detection of pesticides in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Wei Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingli Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiudan Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Dietary Exposure to Flame Retardant Tris (2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate Altered Neurobehavior and Neuroinflammatory Responses in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020655. [PMID: 35054842 PMCID: PMC8775746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) is an organophosphate flame retardant and used as a plasticizer in various household products such as plastics, floor polish, varnish, textiles, furniture, and electronic equipment. However, little is known about the effects of TBEP on the brain and behavior. We aimed to examine the effects of dietary exposure of TBEP on memory functions, their-related genes, and inflammatory molecular markers in the brain of allergic asthmatic mouse models. C3H/HeJSlc male mice were given diet containing TBEP (0.02 (TBEP-L), 0.2 (TBEP-M), or 2 (TBEP-H) μg/kg/day) and ovalbumin (OVA) intratracheally every other week from 5 to 11 weeks old. A novel object recognition test was conducted in each mouse at 11 weeks old. The hippocampi were collected to detect neurological, glia, and immunological molecular markers using the real-time RT-PCR method and immunohistochemical analyses. Mast cells and microglia were examined by toluidine blue staining and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba)-1 immunoreactivity, respectively. Impaired discrimination ability was observed in TBEP-H-exposed mice with or without allergen. The mRNA expression levels of N-methyl-D aspartate receptor subunits Nr1 and Nr2b, inflammatory molecular markers tumor necrosis factor-α oxidative stress marker heme oxygenase 1, microglia marker Iba1, and astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein were significantly increased in TBEP-H-exposed mice with or without allergen. Microglia and mast cells activation were remarkable in TBEP-H-exposed allergic asthmatic mice. Our results indicate that chronic exposure to TBEP with or without allergen impaired object recognition ability accompanied with alteration of molecular expression of neuronal and glial markers and inflammatory markers in the hippocampus of mice. Neuron-glia-mast cells interaction may play a role in TBEP-induced neurobehavioral toxicity.
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Tao Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Jiao Y, Qu J, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Effects of common environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals on zebrafish behavior. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117826. [PMID: 34785404 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a type of exogenous organic pollutants, are ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments. Therefor, this review focused on the use of the zebrafish as a model to explore the effect of different EDCs on behavior, as well as the molecular mechanisms that drive these effects. Furthermore, our study summarizes the current knowledge on the neuromodulatory effects of different EDCs in zebrafish. This study also reviews the current state of zebrafish behavior research, in addition to the potential mechanisms of single and mixed pollutant-driven behavioral dysregulation at the molecular level, as well as the applications of zebrafish behavior experiments for neuroscience research. This review broadens our understanding of the influence of EDCs on zebrafish behavior and provides guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zixu Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yaqi Jiao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Zhang JG, Ma DD, Xiong Q, Qiu SQ, Huang GY, Shi WJ, Ying GG. Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam affect synaptic transmission in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112917. [PMID: 34678628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) and thiamethoxam (THM) are two commonly applied neonicotinoid insecticides. IMI and THM could cause negative impacts on non-target organisms like bees. However, the information about neurotoxicity of IMI and THM in fish is still scarce. Here we investigated the effects of IMI and THM on locomotor behavior, AChE activity, and transcription of genes related to synaptic transmission in zebrafish exposed to IMI and THM with concentrations of 50 ng L-1 to 50,000 ng L-1 at 14 day post fertilization (dpf), 21 dpf, 28 dpf and 35 dpf. Our results showed that IMI and THM significantly influenced the locomotor activity in larvae at 28 dpf and 35 dpf. THM elevated AChE activity at 28 dpf. The qPCR data revealed that IMI and THM affected the transcription of marker genes belonging to the synapse from 14 dpf to 35 dpf. Furthermore, IMI and THM mainly affected transcription of key genes in γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine and serotonin pathways in larvae at 28 dpf and 35 dpf. These results demonstrated the neurotoxicity of IMI and THM in zebrafish. The findings from this study suggested that IMI and THM in the aquatic environment may pose potential risks to fish fitness and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ge Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Dong Ma
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Xiong
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu-Qing Qiu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guo-Yong Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Guo X, Zhang S, Liu X, Lu S, Wu Q, Xie P. Evaluation of the acute toxicity and neurodevelopmental inhibition of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112733. [PMID: 34478978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), a widely used emerging alternative for 8-carbon PFAAs, has been detected at a high level in the water environment. While its toxicity and environmental health risk are still largely unknown in aquatic life. The present study aimed to evaluated the possible developmental neurotoxicity induced by PFHxA exposure (0, 0.48, 2.4, and 12 mg/L for 120 h) in the zebrafish embryo. Here, both developmental endpoints, neurotransmitters concentrations, locomotor behavior were analyzed. No significant effects on mortality, malformation rate, and growth delay were detected in the low dose treatment groups except for in the high dose group (12 mg/L). A significant increase in swimming speed were noted in the 0.48 mg/L group. Other changes including neurotransmitters concentrations and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in Tg (HuC-GFP) zebrafish larvae were significantly increased in 12 mg/L group. Beyond that, genes related to neurodevelopment were significantly decreased in larvae. Moreover, downregulations of protein expression levels of α1-tubulin, elavl3, and gap43 were identified. These results demonstrate that the PFAAs alternative PFHxA have no significant neurodevelopmental effects on zebrafish larvae under acute low-dose exposure, while, it is important to note that PFHxA perform inhibiting effects on neurotransmitter and central nervous system under a relatively high dose. This in vivo study could provide reliable toxicity information for risk assessments of PFHxA on aquatic ecosystems. CAPSULE: PFHxA have no significant neurodevelopmental effects on zebrafish larvae under acute low-dose exposure, while exposed with relatively high-dose, could induced the alternations of neurotransmitter concentrations as well as the genes involved in the early developmental stages of zebrafish, leading to the impairment of the nervous system in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Engineering Research Center of Special Wild Vegetables Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Patisaul HB, Behl M, Birnbaum LS, Blum A, Diamond ML, Rojello Fernández S, Hogberg HT, Kwiatkowski CF, Page JD, Soehl A, Stapleton HM. Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibition: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:105001. [PMID: 34612677 PMCID: PMC8493874 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, the toxicity of organophosphate esters has primarily been studied regarding their use as pesticides and their effects on the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Currently, flame retardants and plasticizers are the two largest market segments for organophosphate esters and they are found in a wide variety of products, including electronics, building materials, vehicles, furniture, car seats, plastics, and textiles. As a result, organophosphate esters and their metabolites are routinely found in human urine, blood, placental tissue, and breast milk across the globe. It has been asserted that their neurological effects are minimal given that they do not act on AChE in precisely the same way as organophosphate ester pesticides. OBJECTIVES This commentary describes research on the non-AChE neurodevelopmental toxicity of organophosphate esters used as flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs). Studies in humans, mammalian, nonmammalian, and in vitro models are presented, and relevant neurodevelopmental pathways, including adverse outcome pathways, are described. By highlighting this scientific evidence, we hope to elevate the level of concern for widespread human exposure to these OPEs and to provide recommendations for how to better protect public health. DISCUSSION Collectively, the findings presented demonstrate that OPEs can alter neurodevelopmental processes by interfering with noncholinergic pathways at environmentally relevant doses. Application of a pathways framework indicates several specific mechanisms of action, including perturbation of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid and disruption of the endocrine system. The effects may have implications for the development of cognitive and social skills in children. Our conclusion is that concern is warranted for the developmental neurotoxicity of OPE exposure. We thus describe important considerations for reducing harm and to provide recommendations for government and industry decision makers. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B. Patisaul
- College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mamta Behl
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arlene Blum
- Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | - Helena T. Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol F. Kwiatkowski
- Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie D. Page
- Cancer Prevention & Education Society, Meads House, Leighterton, Tetbury, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Anna Soehl
- Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Heather M. Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Zhao Y, Yin L, Dong F, Zhang W, Hu F. Effects of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) on survival, growth, histological changes and gene expressions in juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103699. [PMID: 34237467 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is an emerging aquatic environmental pollutant. In the present study, juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCEP for 30 days. The results showed that TCEP exposure decreased the survival rate (100 μg/L), body weight (10 and 100 μg/L) and specific growth rate (10 and 100 μg/L) of juvenile yellow catfish. Exposure to TCEP resulted in pronounced damages of gill structures. Gene transcription analysis showed that the antioxidant capacity of the liver and gills was affected; CYP1A1 might contribute to phase I metabolism of TCEP in the liver rather than CYP1B1; TCEP stress might increase the demand of ion transport in fish gill; TCEP could stimulate the immune response and might induce apoptosis via a p53-Bax pathway and caspase-dependent pathway in gills. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the toxic effects of TCEP on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feilong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weini Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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50
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Shankar P, McClure RS, Waters KM, Tanguay RL. Gene co-expression network analysis in zebrafish reveals chemical class specific modules. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:658. [PMID: 34517816 PMCID: PMC8438978 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zebrafish is a popular animal model used for high-throughput screening of chemical hazards, however, investigations of transcriptomic mechanisms of toxicity are still needed. Here, our goal was to identify genes and biological pathways that Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor 2 (AHR2) Activators and flame retardant chemicals (FRCs) alter in developing zebrafish. Taking advantage of a compendium of phenotypically-anchored RNA sequencing data collected from 48-h post fertilization (hpf) zebrafish, we inferred a co-expression network that grouped genes based on their transcriptional response. RESULTS Genes responding to the FRCs and AHR2 Activators localized to distinct regions of the network, with FRCs inducing a broader response related to neurobehavior. AHR2 Activators centered in one region related to chemical stress responses. We also discovered several highly co-expressed genes in this module, including cyp1a, and we subsequently show that these genes are definitively within the AHR2 signaling pathway. Systematic removal of the two chemical types from the data, and analysis of network changes identified neurogenesis associated with FRCs, and regulation of vascular development associated with both chemical classes. We also identified highly connected genes responding specifically to each class that are potential biomarkers of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we created the first zebrafish chemical-specific gene co-expression network illuminating how chemicals alter the transcriptome relative to each other. In addition to our conclusions regarding FRCs and AHR2 Activators, our network can be leveraged by other studies investigating chemical mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Shankar
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, 28645 East Highway 34, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Ryan S McClure
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Katrina M Waters
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, 28645 East Highway 34, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Biological Sciences Division, Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, 28645 East Highway 34, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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