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Gijbels A, Jardon KM, Trouwborst I, Manusama KC, Goossens GH, Blaak EE, Feskens EJ, Afman LA. Fasting and postprandial plasma metabolite responses to a 12-wk dietary intervention in tissue-specific insulin resistance: a secondary analysis of the PERSonalized glucose Optimization through Nutritional intervention (PERSON) randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:347-359. [PMID: 38851634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that dietary intervention effects on cardiometabolic health were driven by tissue-specific insulin resistance (IR) phenotype: individuals with predominant muscle IR (MIR) benefited more from a low-fat, high-protein, and high-fiber (LFHP) diet, whereas individuals with predominant liver insulin resistance (LIR) benefited more from a high-monounsaturated fatty acid (HMUFA) diet. OBJECTIVES To further characterize the effects of LFHP and HMUFA diets and their interaction with tissue-specific IR, we investigated dietary intervention effects on fasting and postprandial plasma metabolite profile. METHODS Adults with MIR or LIR (40-75 y, BMI 25-40 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a 12-wk HMUFA or LFHP diet (n = 242). After the exclusion of statin use, 214 participants were included in this prespecified secondary analysis. Plasma samples were collected before (T = 0) and after (T = 30, 60, 120, and 240 min) a high-fat mixed meal for quantification of 247 metabolite measures using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS A larger reduction in fasting VLDL-triacylglycerol (TAG) and VLDL particle size was observed in individuals with MIR following the LFHP diet and those with LIR following the HMUFA diet, although no longer statistically significant after false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment. No IR phenotype-by-diet interactions were found for postprandial plasma metabolites assessed as total area under the curve (tAUC). Irrespective of IR phenotype, the LFHP diet induced greater reductions in postprandial plasma tAUC of the larger VLDL particles and small HDL particles, and TAG content in most VLDL subclasses and the smaller LDL and HDL subclasses (for example, VLDL-TAG tAUC standardized mean change [95% CI] LFHP = -0.29 [-0.43, -0.16] compared with HMUFA = -0.04 [-0.16, 0.09]; FDR-adjusted P for diet × time = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Diet effects on plasma metabolite profiles were more pronounced than phenotype-by-diet interactions. An LFHP diet may be more effective than an HMUFA diet for reducing cardiometabolic risk in individuals with tissue-specific IR, irrespective of IR phenotype. Am J Clin Nutr 20xx;x:xx. This trial was registered at the clinicaltrials.gov registration (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03708419?term=NCT03708419&rank=1) as NCT03708419 and CCMO registration (https://www.toetsingonline.nl/to/ccmo_search.nsf/fABRpop?readform&unids=3969AABCD9BA27FEC12587F1001BCC65) as NL63768.068.17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Gijbels
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TiFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Kelly M Jardon
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TiFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Trouwborst
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TiFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Cm Manusama
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TiFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Jm Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Costabile G, Bergia RE, Vitale M, Hjorth T, Campbell W, Landberg R, Riccardi G, Giacco R. Effects on cardiovascular risk factors of a low- vs high-glycemic index Mediterranean diet in high cardiometabolic risk individuals: the MEDGI-Carb study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:384-390. [PMID: 38267533 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of dietary Glycemic Index (GI), independently of fiber intake, in modulating cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among non-diabetic individuals has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a low- versus a high-GI diet, based on a Mediterranean dietary pattern, on cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals at high CVD risk, participating in the MEDGI-Carb intervention study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 160 individuals, aged 30-69 years, BMI 25-37 kg/m2, with a waist circumference >102 cm (males) or >88 cm (females) and one feature of the metabolic syndrome, participated in a multi-national (Italy, Sweden, USA) randomized controlled parallel group trial. Participants were assigned to a low GI (< 55) or high-GI MedDiet ( > 70) for 12 weeks. The diets were isoenergetic and similar for available carbohydrate (270 g/d) and fiber (35 g/d) content. Fasting metabolic parameters were evaluated in the whole cohort, while an 8-h triglyceride profile (after standard breakfast and lunch) was evaluated only in the Italian cohort. RESULTS Blood pressure and most fasting metabolic parameters improved at the end of the dietary intervention (time effect, p < 0.05 for all); however, no differences were observed between the low- and the high-GI MedDiet groups (time x group effect; p > 0.05 for all). Conversely, the low-GI diet, compared with high-GI diet, significantly reduced the 8-h triglyceride profile (p < 0.017, time*group effect) that was measured only in the Italian cohort. However, it induced a reduction of plasma triglycerides after lunch (tAUC) that was of only borderline statistically significance (p = 0.065). CONCLUSIONS Consuming a low-GI in comparison with a high-GI MedDiet does not differentially affect the major cardiometabolic risk factors at fasting in individuals at increased cardiometabolic risk. Conversely, it could reduce postprandial plasma triglycerides. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT03410719, ( https://clinicaltrials.gov ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Robert E Bergia
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Therese Hjorth
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food Science and Nutrition, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wayne Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food Science and Nutrition, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
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3
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Ni J, Shangguan Y, Jiang L, He C, Ma Y, Xiong H. Pomelo peel dietary fiber ameliorates alterations in obesity-related features and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice fed on a high-fat diet. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100993. [PMID: 38144811 PMCID: PMC10740135 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomelo peel has abundance of dietary fiber and various biological activities but is often discarded as waste. This study evaluated the biological activities of pomelo peel dietary fiber (PPDF) in preventing obesity and regulating intestinal microbiota in obese mouse model induced using a high-fat diet (HFD). As for the composition, the prepared PPDF contained 89.64% of total dietary fiber, 53.27% of insoluble dietary fiber, and 36.37% of soluble dietary fiber. PPDF treatment significantly reduced weight gain and fat accumulation in the liver and epididymal tissues of obese mice; significantly alleviated HFD-induced dyslipidemia; and restored the levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein--cholesterol to control levels, and the PPDF 5% dose restored total cholesterol to the control level. Furthermore, PPDF ameliorated HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by increasing intestinal microbial diversity, decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increasing beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Alloprevotella, and Lactobacillus), and decreasing harmful bacteria (Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium_1). This study provided a new idea to use PPDF as functional food to prevent obesity, alleviate dyslipidemia, or a potential probiotic to ameliorate gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuchen Shangguan
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Jiangle County Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Inspection Station, Sanming 353300, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Xiamen Municipal Southern Ocean Testing Co., L, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chuanbo He
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hejian Xiong
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Ramírez-Garza SL, Laveriano-Santos EP, Moreno JJ, Bodega P, de Cos-Gandoy A, de Miguel M, Santos-Beneit G, Fernández-Alvira JM, Fernández-Jiménez R, Martínez-Gómez J, Ruiz-León AM, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Tresserra-Rimbau A. Metabolic syndrome, adiposity, diet, and emotional eating are associated with oxidative stress in adolescents. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1216445. [PMID: 37789897 PMCID: PMC10543258 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1216445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MS), a condition related to adiposity and oxidative stress, can develop in adolescence, a critical stage in life that impacts health in adulthood. However, there is scarce scientific research about the relationship between lifestyle factors, emotion management, and oxidative stress in this phase of life. Aim To analyze whether nutritional parameters, lifestyle factors, emotion management, and MS in adolescents are associated with oxidative stress measured by the biomarker 8-isoprostane. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 132 adolescents (48.5% girls, aged 12 ± 0.48 years) and data were collected on nutritional parameters (anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyzes, and blood pressure), lifestyle factors (physical activity, sleep, and diet), and emotion management (self-esteem, emotional eating, and mood). 8-isoprostane was analyzed in spot urine samples. The study population was categorized in three groups (healthy, at-risk, and with MS) using the International Diabetes Federation definition of MS in adolescents. To capture more complex interactions, a multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between 8-isoprostane and the aforementioned variables. Results Urinary 8-isoprostane levels were significantly higher in the MS group compared to the healthy group (1,280 ± 543 pg./mg vs. 950 ± 416 pg./mg respectively). In addition, univariable analysis revealed positive significant associations between 8-isoprostane and body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, body fat percentage, blood lipid profile and glucose, emotional eating, and refined cereal intake. Conversely, a negative significant association was found between 8-isoprostane and sleep duration and fish intake. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed associations between 8-isoprostane and LDL-c (β = 0.173 value of p = 0.049), emotional eating (low β = 0.443, value of p = 0.036; high β = 0.152, value of p = 0.470), refined cereal intake (β =0.191, value of p = 0.024), and fish intake (β = -0.187, value of p = 0.050). Conclusion The MS group, LDL-c, emotional eating, and high refined cereals and low fish intakes were associated with higher levels of oxidative stress in an adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia L. Ramírez-Garza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily P. Laveriano-Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Bodega
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya de Cos-Gandoy
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes de Miguel
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Santos-Beneit
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education, Barcelona, Spain
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades CardioVasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana María Ruiz-León
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Hassanzadeh-Rostami Z, Ghobadi S, Faghih S. Effects of whole grain intake on glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:384-396. [PMID: 35960172 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Whole grain intake may control help glycemia and reduce food intake by affecting the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the postprandial and long-term effects of whole grains on GLP-1 and GIP levels. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus online databases were searched systematically to identify relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published up to April 2021. STUDY SELECTION RCTs that evaluated the effects of whole grains, compared with refined grains, on the postprandial area under the curve (AUC) value, the postprandial serum concentration of incretins from 0 to 180 minutes, or the fasting level of incretins after at least 14 days of intervention were included. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that acute intake of whole grains could not significantly change the AUC value of GLP-1 or GIP. However, the AUC value of GIP was reduced more significantly in (1) unhealthy participants (standard mean difference [SMD] -1.08; 95%CI, -2.07 to -0.10; I2 = 75.9%) compared with healthy participants, and (2) those with a baseline fasting blood glucose of ≥99 mg/dL (SMD -0.71; 95%CI, -1.30 to -0.11; I2 = 74.4%) compared with those with a baseline value of < 99 mg/dL. On the other hand, the results of time-response evaluation during 0 to 180 minutes after the intake of test meals showed that serum concentrations of GIP decreased significantly from 0 to 30 minutes (coefficient = -44.72; P = 0.005), but increased from 60 to 180 minutes (coefficient = 27.03; P = 0.005). However, long-term studies found no significant effects of whole grains on fasting concentrations of GLP-1 or GIP. CONCLUSION Whole grain intake did not affect postprandial levels of GLP-1 but enhanced postprandial levels of GIP from 60 to 180 minutes. Further high-quality trials are required to assess the long-term effects of whole grain intake on serum levels of incretins. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021256695.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hassanzadeh-Rostami
- are with the Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghobadi
- is with the Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- are with the Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Park S, Chung S, Kim SA, Shin S. The "fruit and whole-grain" pattern is associated with a low prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia among middle and older-aged Korean adults: Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2018 data. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1201-1211. [PMID: 36911844 PMCID: PMC10002937 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is a well-known risk factor of various chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine dietary patterns and explore the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertriglyceridemia in the Korean adult population. We utilized a cross-sectional and nationally representative survey, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2018 database. From 47,217 subjects who participated in the survey between 2013 and 2018, only subjects over 40 years old were included. Subjects lacking 24-h recall data and data on hypertriglyceridemia and body mass index, and who had implausible energy intake were excluded. A total of 19,806 participants' data were analyzed. Dietary data were based on 24-h recall data, and dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis. Triglyceride levels greater than 200 mg/dl were considered hypertriglyceridemia, according to the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis. Three dietary patterns- "oil and fats & seasoning", "soybean paste and vegetable", and "fruit and whole-grain"- explained 7.9%, 6.3%, and 5.8% of variation in food intake, respectively. Comparing the lowest and highest dietary pattern score groups after adjusting for potential confounders revealed an inverse relationship between "fruit and whole-grain" dietary pattern and hypertriglyceridemia in men (odds ratio [OR]: 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-0.82, p for trend <.0001); which was only marginal in women (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.58-1.07, p for trend: .628). A diet containing high proportions of fruit and whole-grain may have preventive effects on hypertriglyceridemia in middle and older aged Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- SoHyun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition Chung-Ang University Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Sangwon Chung
- Personalized Diet Research Group Korea Food Research Institute Jeollabuk-do Korea
| | - Seong-Ah Kim
- Department of Urban Society Research The Seoul Institute Seoul Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition Chung-Ang University Gyeonggi-do Korea
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7
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Ambroselli D, Masciulli F, Romano E, Catanzaro G, Besharat ZM, Massari MC, Ferretti E, Migliaccio S, Izzo L, Ritieni A, Grosso M, Formichi C, Dotta F, Frigerio F, Barbiera E, Giusti AM, Ingallina C, Mannina L. New Advances in Metabolic Syndrome, from Prevention to Treatment: The Role of Diet and Food. Nutrients 2023; 15:640. [PMID: 36771347 PMCID: PMC9921449 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has undergone several changes over the years due to the difficulty in establishing universal criteria for it. Underlying the disorders related to MetS is almost invariably a pro-inflammatory state related to altered glucose metabolism, which could lead to elevated cardiovascular risk. Indeed, the complications closely related to MetS are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). It has been observed that the predisposition to metabolic syndrome is modulated by complex interactions between human microbiota, genetic factors, and diet. This review provides a summary of the last decade of literature related to three principal aspects of MetS: (i) the syndrome's definition and classification, pathophysiology, and treatment approaches; (ii) prediction and diagnosis underlying the biomarkers identified by means of advanced methodologies (NMR, LC/GC-MS, and LC, LC-MS); and (iii) the role of foods and food components in prevention and/or treatment of MetS, demonstrating a possible role of specific foods intake in the development of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Ambroselli
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Masciulli
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Romano
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Catanzaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Chiara Massari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Health Sciences Section, University “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- UNESCO, Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Grosso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Frigerio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Barbiera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ingallina
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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8
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Insoluble dietary fiber of pear fruit pomace (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim) consumption ameliorates alterations of the obesity-related features and gut microbiota caused by high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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9
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Hill EB, Siebert JC, Yazza DN, Ostendorf DM, Bing K, Wayland L, Scorsone JJ, Bessesen DH, MacLean PS, Melanson EL, Catenacci VA, Borengasser SJ. Proteomics, dietary intake, and changes in cardiometabolic health within a behavioral weight-loss intervention: A pilot study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:2134-2145. [PMID: 36321274 PMCID: PMC9634672 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying associations among circulating proteins, dietary intakes, and clinically relevant indicators of cardiometabolic health during weight loss may elucidate biologically relevant pathways affected by diet, allowing for an incorporation of precision nutrition approaches when designing future interventions. This study hypothesized that plasma proteins would be associated with diet and cardiometabolic health indicators within a behavioral weight-loss intervention. METHODS This secondary data analysis included participants (n = 20, mean [SD], age: 40.1 [9.5] years, BMI: 34.2 [4.0] kg/m2 ) who completed a 1-year behavioral weight-loss intervention. Cardiovascular disease-related plasma proteins, diet, and cardiometabolic health indicators were evaluated at baseline and 3 months. Associations were determined via linear regression and integrated networks created using Visualization Of LineAr Regression Elements (VOLARE). RESULTS A total of 16 plasma proteins were associated with ≥1 diet or health indicator at baseline (p < 0.001); changes in 42 proteins were associated with changes in diet or health indicators from baseline to 3 months (p < 0.005). Baseline tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10C (TNFRSF10C) was associated with intakes of dark green vegetables (r = -0.712), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) was associated with intakes of unsweetened coffee (r = -0.689). Changes in refined-grain intakes were associated with changes in scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 (CD163; r = 0.725), interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL1R-T1; r = 0.624), insulin (r = 0.656), and triglycerides (r = 0.648). CONCLUSIONS Circulating cardiovascular disease-related proteins were associated with diet and cardiometabolic health indicators prior to and in response to weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Deaunabah N. Yazza
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen Bing
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Liza Wayland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jared J. Scorsone
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel H. Bessesen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah J. Borengasser
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Samuel L, Wimmer I, Glassberg G, Boyar A. Familiarization with White Whole Wheat Improves Acceptability of Whole Grain-Based Baked Products Made with White Whole Wheat Among College Students. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/15598276221131763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research corroborates that high whole grain intake is associated with lower risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Unfamiliarity with, and negative sensory appeal of whole grains limit voluntary food choices to increase their consumption. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of familiarization with white whole wheat, to improve college students’ acceptability of shortened cakes, muffins, and yeast breads made with white whole wheat flour (WWWF). All-purpose flour (APF) was replaced with WWWF in standardized recipes, and the products scored by 102 college students. Independent t-test was used to analyze if sensory scores for appearance, taste, texture, and overall acceptability between APF and WWWF products were statistically significant. Before familiarization with WWWF, all three APF products scored significantly higher than whole grain counterparts ( P < .05). When participants were familiarized with health benefits and expected sensory profile of whole grain products, sensory scores for appearance, taste, and overall acceptability of WWWF products did not significantly differ from APF counterparts ( P > .05). Familiarization significantly increased overall acceptability scores of WWWF products ( P < .05). Familiarization also increased proportion of students willing to bake with WWWF. Results underscore that familiarization can improve acceptability of WWWF in baked products and students’ willingness to incorporate it in baking, with potential to stimulate dietary modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Samuel
- Department of Health Promotion and Nutrition Sciences, Lehman College, The City University of New York Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ilana Wimmer
- Graduate Student, Lehman College, The City University of New York Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Andrea Boyar
- Graduate Student, Lehman College, The City University of New York Bronx, NY, USA
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11
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Yi C, Qiang N, Zhu H, Xiao Q, Li Z. Extrusion processing: A strategy for improving the functional components, physicochemical properties, and health benefits of whole grains. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Guan Y, Wang M, Song X, Ye S, Jiang C, Dong H, Zhu W. Study on structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, and in vitro digestibility of Kudzu-resistant starch prepared by different methods. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:481-492. [PMID: 36655107 PMCID: PMC9834852 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Three different methods, including autoclaving, autoclaving-debranching, and purification, were used to prepare Kudzu-resistant starch (KRS) from Kudzu starch (KS). The physicochemical properties, such as thermodynamic properties, pasting properties, solubility, swelling, and coagulability, as well as the in vitro digestive characteristics of the three kinds of KRS were studied. The results showed that the morphology of starch granules of KRS prepared by autoclave, autoclave enzymatic hydrolysis, and purification methods was changed and the relative crystallinity was significantly decreased compared with the original starch. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that KRS exists in the form of C and C+V crystalline form. There was a significant increase in the pasting temperature and a remarkable decrease in the peak viscosity and the expansion degree of the KRS prepared by all three methods. The solubility of the resistant starch (RS) obtained by autoclaving-debranching and that by purification were both increased compared to that of native KS, while the solubility of the RS obtained by autoclaving was decreased. Meanwhile, the retrogradation of the three RS was also improved to varying degrees. The contents of RS in the samples were: P-KRS (71%) > DA-KRS (43%) > A-KRS (42%) > KS (9%). Simulated human in vitro digestion experiments showed that RS has stronger antidigestibility properties than native starch. Among them, the RS prepared by the purification method has stronger antidigestive properties, and it is predicted that it may have a better potential value in regulating blood glucose. These results indicated that the processing properties of KRS, especially the digestibility, are significantly improved and can be used as a new functional food ingredient, which deserves thorough study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Meichen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Xinqi Song
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Shenghang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
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13
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Li Z, Yan H, Chen L, Wang Y, Liang J, Feng X, Hui S, Wang K. Effects of whole grain intake on glycemic control: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1814-1824. [PMID: 35678196 PMCID: PMC9623515 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Although mounting evidence has suggested an inverse association between the intake of whole grains and glycemic control, findings from randomized controlled trials are still conflicting. The current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of medium/long‐term whole grain intake on glycemic control in metabolic syndrome and healthy populations. Materials and Methods A literature search was carried out to identify qualified studies up to July 2021. The effects of whole grain consumption on glycemic control were calculated using a fixed effects model. Subgroup analysis was used to study whether grouping factors were important influencing factors of heterogeneity between research results. Results A total of 32 randomized controlled trials with 2,060 participants were included in the analyses. Whole grain consumption showed a significant inverse regulatory effect on fasting glucose concentration, but no significant effect was found for other glycemic measures, such as fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin and 2‐h glucose, in the pooled analysis. Through subgroup analyses, a significant decrease in fasting glucose concentration was observed for studies with a higher whole grain dose, with participants of normal glycemia, and with mixed types of whole grain. Conclusions Medium‐/long‐term whole grain intake reduced the fasting glucose concentration compared with similar refined foods. Appropriate intervention dose and accurate population selection might be the key links for whole grain consumption to exert its glycemic control effect. Thirty‐two RCTs with 2060 participants were included in analyses. The whole grain consumption showed significant inverse regulation effect on fasting glucose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA
| | - Hongjia Yan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Liying Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Eighth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital
| | - Yixing Wang
- Department of Research, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Research, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center
| | - Xin Feng
- Department of Research, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center
| | - Suocheng Hui
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Research, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center
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14
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Drapkina OM, Kontsevaya AV, Kalinina AM, Avdeev SM, Agaltsov MV, Alexandrova LM, Antsiferova AA, Aronov DM, Akhmedzhanov NM, Balanova YA, Balakhonova TV, Berns SA, Bochkarev MV, Bochkareva EV, Bubnova MV, Budnevsky AV, Gambaryan MG, Gorbunov VM, Gorny BE, Gorshkov AY, Gumanova NG, Dadaeva VA, Drozdova LY, Egorov VA, Eliashevich SO, Ershova AI, Ivanova ES, Imaeva AE, Ipatov PV, Kaprin AD, Karamnova NS, Kobalava ZD, Konradi AO, Kopylova OV, Korostovtseva LS, Kotova MB, Kulikova MS, Lavrenova EA, Lischenko OV, Lopatina MV, Lukina YV, Lukyanov MM, Mayev IV, Mamedov MN, Markelova SV, Martsevich SY, Metelskaya VA, Meshkov AN, Milushkina OY, Mukaneeva DK, Myrzamatova AO, Nebieridze DV, Orlov DO, Poddubskaya EA, Popovich MV, Popovkina OE, Potievskaya VI, Prozorova GG, Rakovskaya YS, Rotar OP, Rybakov IA, Sviryaev YV, Skripnikova IA, Skoblina NA, Smirnova MI, Starinsky VV, Tolpygina SN, Usova EV, Khailova ZV, Shalnova SA, Shepel RN, Shishkova VN, Yavelov IS. 2022 Prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases in Of the Russian Federation. National guidelines. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2022. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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15
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16
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Overview of the Composition of Whole Grains’ Phenolic Acids and Dietary Fibre and Their Effect on Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053042. [PMID: 35270737 PMCID: PMC8910396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic non-communicable diseases are the major cause of death globally. Whole grains are recommended in dietary guidelines worldwide due to increasing evidence that their consumption can improve health beyond just providing energy and nutrients. Epidemiological studies have suggested that the incorporation of whole grains, as part of a healthy diet, plays a key role in reducing one’s risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cancer. Phenolic acids and dietary fibre are important components found in whole grains that are largely responsible for these health advantages. Both phenolic acids and dietary fibre, which are predominantly present in the bran layer, are abundant in whole-grain cereals and pseudo-cereals. Several studies indicate that whole grain dietary fibre and phenolic acids are linked to health regulation. The main focus of this study is two-fold. First, we provide an overview of phenolic acids and dietary fibres found in whole grains (wheat, barley, oats, rice and buckwheat). Second, we review existing literature on the linkages between the consumption of whole grains and the development of the following chronic non-communicable diseases: CVDs, obesity, T2D and cancer. Altogether, scientific evidence that the intake of whole grains reduces the risk of certain chronic non-communicable disease is encouraging but not convincing. Based on previous studies, the current review encourages further research to cover the gap between the emerging science of whole grains and human health.
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17
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Costabile G, Vitale M, Della Pepa G, Cipriano P, Vetrani C, Testa R, Mena P, Bresciani L, Tassotti M, Calani L, Del Rio D, Brighenti F, Napoli R, Rivellese AA, Riccardi G, Giacco R. A wheat aleurone-rich diet improves oxidative stress but does not influence glucose metabolism in overweight/obese individuals: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:715-726. [PMID: 35123855 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aleurone is the innermost layer of wheat bran, rich in fiber, minerals, vitamins, phenolic compounds, and betaine. The metabolic effects of aleurone rich foods are still unknown. Our aim was to investigate the effects of consuming a Wheat Aleurone rich diet vs. a Refined Wheat diet for 8 weeks on fasting and postprandial glycemic and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in overweight/obese individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS According to a randomized cross-over study design, 23 overweight/obese individuals, age 56 ± 9 years (M±SD), were assigned to two isoenergetic diet - Wheat Aleurone and Refined Wheat diets - for 8 weeks. The diets were similar for macronutrient composition but different for the aleurone content (40-50 g/day in the Wheat Aleurone diet). After each diet, fasting and postprandial plasma metabolic profile, ferulic acid metabolites and 8-isoprostane concentrations in 24-h urine samples were evaluated. Compared with the Refined Wheat Diet, the Wheat Aleurone Diet increased fasting plasma concentrations of betaine by 15% (p = 0.042) and decreased the excretion of 8-isoprostane by 33% (p = 0.035). Conversely, it did not affect the fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin and triglyceride responses, homocysteine, and C-Reactive Protein concentrations, nor excretion of phenolic metabolites. CONCLUSION An 8-week Wheat Aleurone Diet improves the oxidative stress and increases plasma betaine levels in overweight/obese individuals with an increased cardiometabolic risk. However, further studies with longer duration and larger sample size are needed to evaluate the benefits of aleurone-rich foods on glucose and lipid metabolism in individuals with more severe metabolic abnormalities. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT02150356, (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Testa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Tassotti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Calani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Raffaele Napoli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Via Roma 64, 8 Avellino, Italy
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18
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Differential Glycemic Effects of Low- versus High-Glycemic Index Mediterranean-Style Eating Patterns in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: The MEDGI-Carb Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030706. [PMID: 35277067 PMCID: PMC8838655 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A Mediterranean-style healthy eating pattern (MED-HEP) supports metabolic health, but the utility of including low-glycemic index (GI) foods to minimize postprandial glucose excursions remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relative contribution of GI towards improvements in postprandial glycemia and glycemic variability after adopting a MED-HEP. We conducted a randomized, controlled dietary intervention, comparing high- versus low-GI diets in a multi-national (Italy, Sweden, and the United States) sample of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. For 12 weeks, participants consumed either a low-GI or high-GI MED-HEP. We assessed postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses to high- or low-GI meals, and daily glycemic variability via continuous glucose monitoring at baseline and post-intervention. One hundred sixty adults (86 females, 74 males; aged 55 ± 11 y, BMI 31 ± 3 kg/m2, mean ± SD) with ≥two metabolic syndrome traits completed the intervention. Postprandial insulin concentrations were greater after the high-GI versus the low-GI test meals at baseline (p = 0.004), but not post-intervention (p = 0.17). Postprandial glucose after the high-GI test meal increased post-intervention, being significantly higher than that after the low-GI test meal (35%, p < 0.001). Average daily glucose concentrations decreased in both groups post-intervention. Indices of 24-h glycemic variability were reduced in the low-GI group as compared to baseline and the high-GI intervention group. These findings suggest that low-GI foods may be an important feature within a MED-HEP.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally The past few decades have shown that especially low- and middle-income countries have undergone rapid industrialization, urbanization, economic development and market globalization. Although these developments led to many positive changes in health outcomes and increased life expectancies, they all also caused inappropriate dietary patterns, physical inactivity and obesity. Evidence shows that a large proportion of the cardiovascular disease burden can be explained by behavioural factors such as low physical activity, unhealthy diet and smoking. Controlling these risk factors from early ages is important for maintaining cardiovascular health. Even in patients with genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, risk factor modification is beneficial.Despite the tremendous advances in the medical treatment of cardiovascular risk factors to reduce overall cardiovascular risk, the modern lifestyle which has led to greater sedentary time, lower participation in active transport and time spent in leisure or purposeful physical activity, unhealthy diets and increased exposure to stress, noise and pollution have diminished the beneficial effects of contemporary medical cardiovascular prevention strategies. Therefore attenuating or eliminating these health risk behaviours and risk factors is imperative in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale Tokgozoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Vedat Hekimsoy
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Calabrese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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20
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Sanders LM, Zhu Y, Wilcox ML, Koecher K, Maki KC. Whole grain intake, compared to refined grain, improves postprandial glycemia and insulinemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-19. [PMID: 34930065 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2017838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Whole grain (WG) intake has been associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and may protect against T2D by lowering postprandial glycemia and insulinemia and improving insulin sensitivity. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of WG intake, compared to refined grain (RG) intake, on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia and markers of glycemic control and insulin resistance in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults. A search of PubMed and Scopus yielded 80 relevant RCTs. Compared to RG, WG intake significantly reduced postprandial glycemia (SMD: -0.30; 95% CI: -0.43, -0.18; P < 0.001), insulinemia (SMD: -0.23; 95% CI: -0.35, -0.10; P < 0.001) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (SMD: -0.21; 95% CI: -0.37, -0.06; P = 0.007). There was no effect of WG on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). These results suggest WG foods improve short-term glycemia and insulinemia, which may improve HbA1c, a marker of long-term glycemic control. This may partially explain the inverse association between WG intake and risk of T2D, but further investigations are needed to understand if short-term reductions in glycemia translate to longer term benefits in reducing the risk of T2D.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO Registration CRD42020180069.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Zhu
- Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Katie Koecher
- Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, IL, USA.,Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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21
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Li S, Zong A, An R, Wang H, Liu L, Liu J, Guo X, Xu Z, Wang J, Li D, Du F, Xu T. Effects of whole grain intake on glycemic traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-20. [PMID: 34793262 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2001429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Whole grains (WGs) may have various health benefits, including lowering blood glucose and improving insulin sensitivity. To conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of WGs compared with non-WGs on changes in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A systematic literature search was performed for all published randomized controlled trials on the effects of WG intake on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR response up to February 2021. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated. Pre-specified subgroup and univariate meta-regression analyses were explored to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis and bias analysis were conducted to appraise study quality. Among 12,435 articles screened for eligibility, data were extracted from 48 articles. Meta-analysis of 4,118 participants showed that WG consumption resulted in a significant reduction in fasting glucose by -0.15 mmol/L, fasting insulin by -2.71 pmol/L, HbA1c by -0.44%, and HOMA-IR by -0.28, respectively. Compared with mixed grains, brown rice, and wheat, oats were significantly lower on marker of glycemic. Besides, multiple interventions per day consolidated effectiveness of WGs. WG consumption decreased the levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR compared with non-WG consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Li
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Aizhen Zong
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ran An
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiou Wang
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangling Du
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China
| | - Tongcheng Xu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
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22
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Cammerata A, Laddomada B, Milano F, Camerlengo F, Bonarrigo M, Masci S, Sestili F. Qualitative Characterization of Unrefined Durum Wheat Air-Classified Fractions. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112817. [PMID: 34829105 PMCID: PMC8618629 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Durum wheat milling is a key process step to improve the quality and safety of final products. The aim of this study was to characterize three bran-enriched milling fractions (i.e., F250, G230 and G250), obtained from three durum wheat grain samples, by using an innovative micronization and air-classification technology. Milling fractions were characterized for main standard quality parameters and for alveographic properties, starch composition and content, phenolic acids, antioxidant activity and ATIs. Results showed that yield recovery, ash content and particle size distributions were influenced either by the operating conditions (230 or 250) or by the grain samples. While total starch content was lower in the micronized sample and air-classified fractions, the P/L ratio increased in air-classified fractions as compared to semolina. Six main individual phenolic acids were identified through HPLC-DAD analysis (i.e., ferulic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, syringic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids). Compared to semolina, higher contents of all individual phenolic components were found in all bran-enriched fractions. The highest rise of TPAs occurred in the F250 fraction, which was maintained in the derived pasta. Moreover, bran-enriched fractions showed significant reductions of ATIs content versus semolina. Overall, our data suggest the potential health benefits of F250, G230 and G250 and support their use to make durum-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cammerata
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via Manziana 30, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Laddomada
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.C.); (M.B.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-0832-422613 (B.L.); +39-328-8866276 (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Milano
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Camerlengo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.C.); (M.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Marco Bonarrigo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.C.); (M.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefania Masci
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.C.); (M.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.C.); (M.B.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-0832-422613 (B.L.); +39-328-8866276 (F.S.)
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23
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Costabile G, Vetrani C, Bozzetto L, Giacco R, Bresciani L, Del Rio D, Vitale M, Della Pepa G, Brighenti F, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA, Annuzzi G. Plasma TMAO increase after healthy diets: results from 2 randomized controlled trials with dietary fish, polyphenols, and whole-grain cereals. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1342-1350. [PMID: 34091663 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has drawn much attention as a marker of several chronic diseases. Data on the relation between diet and TMAO are discordant and few human intervention studies have assessed causality for this association. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the effects on plasma TMAO of diets based on foods rich in polyphenols (PP) and/or long-chain n-3 fatty acids (LCn3) or whole-grain cereals (WGCs), in individuals at high cardiometabolic risk. METHODS An ancillary study was performed within 2 randomized controlled trials, aimed at evaluating the medium-term effects on cardiometabolic risk factors of diets naturally rich in PP and/or LCn3 (Etherpaths Project) or WGCs (HealthGrain Project). RESULTS In the Etherpaths study (n = 78), the changes in TMAO (8-wk minus baseline) were statistically significant for the diets rich in LCn3 (+1.15 ± 11.58 μmol/L) (P = 0.007), whereas they were not for the diets rich in PP (-0.14 ± 9.66 μmol/L) (P = 0.905) or their interaction (P = 0.655) (2-factor ANOVA). In the HealthGrain Study (n = 48), the TMAO change (12-wk minus baseline) in the WGC group (+0.94 ± 3.58 μmol/L) was significantly different from that in the Refined Cereal group (-1.29 ± 3.09 μmol/L) (P = 0.037). Considering the pooled baseline data of the participants in the 2 studies, TMAO concentrations directly correlated with LCn3, EPA (20:5n-3), and protein intake, but not SFAs, fiber, MUFAs, and PP intake. Among food groups, TMAO directly correlated with the intake of fish, vegetables, and whole-grain products, but not meat, processed meat, and dairy products. CONCLUSIONS Diets rich in LCn3 of marine origin or WGCs significantly increased plasma TMAO concentration. These changes mirrored the direct associations between TMAO concentrations and intakes of fish and WGCs, suggesting that TMAO reflects intakes of these healthy foods and, therefore, it is not a universally valid biomarker of cardiometabolic risk independent of the background diet.These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01154478 and NCT00945854.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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24
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Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, Carballo D, Koskinas KC, Bäck M, Benetos A, Biffi A, Boavida JM, Capodanno D, Cosyns B, Crawford C, Davos CH, Desormais I, Di Angelantonio E, Franco OH, Halvorsen S, Hobbs FDR, Hollander M, Jankowska EA, Michal M, Sacco S, Sattar N, Tokgozoglu L, Tonstad S, Tsioufis KP, van Dis I, van Gelder IC, Wanner C, Williams B. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 29:5-115. [PMID: 34558602 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Biffi
- European Federation of Sports Medicine Association (EFSMA).,International Federation of Sport Medicine (FIMS)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - F D Richard Hobbs
- World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians (WONCA) - Europe
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christoph Wanner
- European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA)
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25
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Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, Carballo D, Koskinas KC, Bäck M, Benetos A, Biffi A, Boavida JM, Capodanno D, Cosyns B, Crawford C, Davos CH, Desormais I, Di Angelantonio E, Franco OH, Halvorsen S, Hobbs FDR, Hollander M, Jankowska EA, Michal M, Sacco S, Sattar N, Tokgozoglu L, Tonstad S, Tsioufis KP, van Dis I, van Gelder IC, Wanner C, Williams B. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:3227-3337. [PMID: 34458905 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2345] [Impact Index Per Article: 781.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Biffi
- European Federation of Sports Medicine Association (EFSMA)
- International Federation of Sport Medicine (FIMS)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - F D Richard Hobbs
- World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians (WONCA) - Europe
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christoph Wanner
- European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA)
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26
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Rijnaarts I, de Roos N, Zoetendal EG, de Wit N, Witteman BJM. Development and validation of the FiberScreen: A short questionnaire to screen fibre intake in adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 34:969-980. [PMID: 34378249 PMCID: PMC9290675 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Health effects of dietary fibres are the topic of many studies. Eligibility criteria often include a certain fibre intake, which requires dietary screening during recruitment. However, dietary assessment methods are extensive and burdensome for both the researcher and participant. Therefore, we developed and validated a short questionnaire (FiberScreen) to screen fibre intake. Methods The initial five‐item questionnaire assessed fruit, vegetable, whole grain, pasta/rice/potato and legume intake. The optimised FiberScreen included 18 items, which further specified intake of the above‐mentioned categories, and included nuts and seeds. The FiberScreen was completed during two fibre promoting interventions. In Study A, participants without constipation completed the five‐item FiberScreen and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) during screening (n = 131), and the 18‐item FiberScreen and a FFQ at 3‐month follow‐up (n = 87). In Study B, 29 constipated participants completed the 18‐item FiberScreen at screening and a FFQ during the first study visit. Results The fibre estimate from the five‐item FiberScreen and the FFQ was moderately correlated (r = 0.356, p < 0.001). Importantly, the 18‐item FiberScreen and FFQ, when data of both studies were combined, had a strong correlation (r = 0.563, p < 0.001). The 18‐item FiberScreen had a lower fibre estimate compared to the FFQ (Δ = 1.2 ± 5.9 g, p = 0.030) but the difference was relatively small. Bland–Altman plots showed a good agreement between the questionnaires. Completion time of the 18‐item FiberScreen was 4.2 ± 2 min. Conclusions The 18‐item FiberScreen is a suitable short screening questionnaire for ranking the fibre intake of adults. The 18‐item FiberScreen can help to reduce screening burden for both the participant and researcher. Dietary screening during recruitment is more elaborate than is often needed, and burdensome for both the researcher and participant. An 18‐item FiberScreen questionnaire to screen fibre intake was developed and validated in Dutch adults with and without gastrointestinal complaints. The 18‐item FiberScreen had a good agreement with a food frequency questionnaire.
Completion time of the 18‐item FiberScreen was around 4 min, compared to 45–60 min for the food frequency questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Rijnaarts
- Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole de Roos
- Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole de Wit
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben J M Witteman
- Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Ede, The Netherlands
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27
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Influence of Brewer's Spent Grain Compounds on Glucose Metabolism Enzymes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082696. [PMID: 34444856 PMCID: PMC8399999 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With a yearly production of about 39 million tons, brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is the most abundant brewing industry byproduct. Because it is rich in fiber and protein, it is commonly used as cattle feed but could also be used within the human diet. Additionally, it contains many bioactive substances such as hydroxycinnamic acids that are known to be antioxidants and potent inhibitors of enzymes of glucose metabolism. Therefore, our study aim was to prepare different extracts—A1-A7 (solid-liquid extraction with 60% acetone); HE1-HE6 (alkaline hydrolysis followed by ethyl acetate extraction) and HA1-HA3 (60% acetone extraction of alkaline residue)—from various BSGs which were characterized for their total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents, before conducting in vitro studies on their effects on the glucose metabolism enzymes α-amylase, α-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), and glycogen phosphorylase α (GPα). Depending on the extraction procedures, TPCs ranged from 20–350 µg gallic acid equivalents/mg extract and TFCs were as high as 94 µg catechin equivalents/mg extract. Strong inhibition of glucose metabolism enzymes was also observed: the IC50 values for α-glucosidase inhibition ranged from 67.4 ± 8.1 µg/mL to 268.1 ± 29.4 µg/mL, for DPP IV inhibition they ranged from 290.6 ± 97.4 to 778.4 ± 95.5 µg/mL and for GPα enzyme inhibition from 12.6 ± 1.1 to 261 ± 6 µg/mL. However, the extracts did not strongly inhibit α-amylase. In general, the A extracts from solid-liquid extraction with 60% acetone showed stronger inhibitory potential towards a-glucosidase and GPα than other extracts whereby no correlation with TPC or TFC were observed. Additionally, DPP IV was mainly inhibited by HE extracts but the effect was not of biological relevance. Our results show that BSG is a potent source of α-glucosidase and GPα inhibitors, but further research is needed to identify these bioactive compounds within BSG extracts focusing on extracts from solid-liquid extraction with 60% acetone.
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28
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Guo H, Ding J, Liang J, Zhang Y. Associations of Whole Grain and Refined Grain Consumption With Metabolic Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Front Nutr 2021; 8:695620. [PMID: 34277690 PMCID: PMC8280517 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.695620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The associations of whole grain and refined grain consumption with metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been evaluated in several epidemiological studies with conflicting results. This meta-analysis was therefore employed to further investigate the above associations. Method: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase database until March 2021 (without restriction for inclusion time), for observational studies on the associations of whole grain and refined grain consumption with MetS. The pooled relative risk (RR) of MetS for the highest vs. lowest category of whole grain and refined grain consumption, as well as their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results: A total of 14 observational studies, which involved seven cross-sectional and seven prospective cohort studies, were identified. Specifically, nine studies were related to whole grain consumption, and the overall multi-variable adjusted RR demonstrated that the whole grain consumption was inversely associated with MetS (RR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.67-0.97; P = 0.021). With regard to refined grain consumption, 13 studies were included. The overall multi-variable adjusted RR indicated that refined grain consumption was positively associated with MetS (RR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.02-1.84; P = 0.036). Conclusions: The existing evidence suggests that whole grain consumption is negatively associated with MetS, whereas refined grain consumption is positively associated with MetS. Our result might be helpful to better consider the diet effect on MetS. However, more well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed to elaborate the concerned issues further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, China
| | - Jieyu Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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29
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Alternative Foods in Cardio-Healthy Dietary Models That Improve Postprandial Lipemia and Insulinemia in Obese People. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072225. [PMID: 34209561 PMCID: PMC8308459 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major health problems worldwide. Following healthy dietary patterns can be difficult in some countries due to the lack of availability of certain foods; thus, alternative foods are needed. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a dietary pattern consisting of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT) on postprandial insulinemia and lipemia in obese Colombian subjects. A randomized controlled crossover study was conducted, in which 44 subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 followed either a FAWGT diet or a diet high in saturated fat and rich in processed carbohydrates. Levels of lipids and carbohydrates were measured during the postprandial state. The FAWGT diet reduced fasting insulin, VLDL, and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks (p < 0.05), while there was a lower postprandial increase in TG, VLDL, and insulin levels after both acute and chronic intake of FAWGT diet (p < 0.05). The intake of FAWGT-diet was characterized by high consumption of foods rich in fiber, MUFAs, and vitamins C and E (p < 0.05). The consumption of a diet composed of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout has emerged as a valid alternative to the foods included in other heart-healthy diets since it improves postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in obese people and has similar beneficial effects to these healthy models.
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30
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van der Haar S, Hoevenaars FPM, van den Brink WJ, van den Broek T, Timmer M, Boorsma A, Doets EL. Exploring the Potential of Personalized Dietary Advice for Health Improvement in Motivated Individuals With Premetabolic Syndrome: Pretest-Posttest Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e25043. [PMID: 34185002 PMCID: PMC8277310 DOI: 10.2196/25043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary quality plays an essential role in the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Objective The aim of this pilot study is to organize personalized dietary advice in a real-life setting and to explore the effects on dietary intake, metabolic health, and perceived health. Methods We followed a one-group pretest-posttest design and included 37 individuals at risk of MetS, who indicated motivation to change dietary behavior. For a period of 16 weeks, participants received personalized advice (t=0 and t=8) and feedback (t=0, t=4, t=8, t=12 and t=16) on dietary quality and metabolic health (ie, waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting glucose levels, and C-peptide). Personalized advice was generated in a two-stage process. In stage 1, an automated algorithm generated advice per food group, integrating data on individual dietary quality (Dutch Healthy Diet Index; total score 8-80) and metabolic health parameters. Stage 2 included a telephone consultation with a trained dietitian to define a personal dietary behavior change strategy and to discuss individual preferences. Dietary quality and metabolic health markers were assessed at t=0, t=8, and t=16. Self-perceived health was evaluated on 7-point Likert scales at t=0 and t=16. Results At the end of the study period, dietary quality was significantly improved compared with the baseline (Dutch Healthy Diet Index +4.3; P<.001). In addition, lipid profile (triglycerides, P=.02; total cholesterol, P=.01; high-density lipoprotein, P<.001; and low-density lipoprotein, P<.001), BMI (P<.001), waist circumference (P=.01), and C-peptide (P=.01) were all significantly improved, whereas plasma glucose increased by 0.23 nmol/L (P=.04). In line with these results, self-perceived health scores were higher at t=16 weeks than at baseline (+0.67; P=.005). Conclusions This exploratory study showed that personalized dietary advice resulted in positive effects on dietary behavior, metabolic health, and self-perceived health in motivated pre-MetS adults. The study was performed in a do-it-yourself setting, highlighting the potential of at-home health improvement through dietary changes. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04595669; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04595669
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra van der Haar
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Femke P M Hoevenaars
- Microbiology & Systems Biology Department, TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Willem J van den Brink
- Microbiology & Systems Biology Department, TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Tim van den Broek
- Microbiology & Systems Biology Department, TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Timmer
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - André Boorsma
- Microbiology & Systems Biology Department, TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Esmée L Doets
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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31
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Dietary fiber and the microbiota: A narrative review by a group of experts from the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2021; 86:287-304. [PMID: 34144942 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber intake is one of the most influential and efficacious strategies for modulating the gut microbiota. Said fiber can be digested by the microbiota itself, producing numerous metabolites, which include the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have local and systemic functions that impact the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and consequently, human health. The aim of the present narrative review was to provide a document that serves as a frame of reference for a clear understanding of dietary fiber and its direct and indirect effects on health. The direct benefits of dietary fiber intake can be dependent on or independent of the gut microbiota. The use of dietary fiber by the gut microbiota involves several factors, including the fiber's physiochemical characteristics. Dietary fiber type influences the gut microbiota because not all bacterial species have the same capacity to produce the enzymes needed for its degradation. A low-fiber diet can affect the balance of the SCFAs produced. Dietary fiber indirectly benefits cardiometabolic health, digestive health, certain functional gastrointestinal disorders, and different diseases.
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32
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Abreu Y Abreu AT, Milke-García MP, Argüello-Arévalo GA, Calderón-de la Barca AM, Carmona-Sánchez RI, Consuelo-Sánchez A, Coss-Adame E, García-Cedillo MF, Hernández-Rosiles V, Icaza-Chávez ME, Martínez-Medina JN, Morán-Ramos S, Ochoa-Ortiz E, Reyes-Apodaca M, Rivera-Flores RL, Zamarripa-Dorsey F, Zárate-Mondragón F, Vázquez-Frias R. Dietary fiber and the microbiota: A narrative review by a group of experts from the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2021. [PMID: 34088566 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber intake is one of the most influential and efficacious strategies for modulating the gut microbiota. Said fiber can be digested by the microbiota itself, producing numerous metabolites, which include the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have local and systemic functions that impact the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and consequently, human health. The aim of the present narrative review was to provide a document that serves as a frame of reference for a clear understanding of dietary fiber and its direct and indirect effects on health. The direct benefits of dietary fiber intake can be dependent on or independent of the gut microbiota. The use of dietary fiber by the gut microbiota involves several factors, including the fiber's physiochemical characteristics. Dietary fiber type influences the gut microbiota because not all bacterial species have the same capacity to produce the enzymes needed for its degradation. A low-fiber diet can affect the balance of the SCFAs produced. Dietary fiber indirectly benefits cardiometabolic health, digestive health, certain functional gastrointestinal disorders, and different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M P Milke-García
- Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - G A Argüello-Arévalo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A M Calderón-de la Barca
- Departamento Nutrición y Metabolismo, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | | | - A Consuelo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Salud Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Coss-Adame
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M F García-Cedillo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - V Hernández-Rosiles
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Salud Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - J N Martínez-Medina
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones aplicada a la Salud, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México
| | - S Morán-Ramos
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones aplicada a la Salud, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - M Reyes-Apodaca
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Salud Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R L Rivera-Flores
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Gastro-Hepatología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F Zamarripa-Dorsey
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F Zárate-Mondragón
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R Vázquez-Frias
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Salud Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México.
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Dodi R, Bresciani L, Biasini B, Cossu M, Scazzina F, Taddei F, D’Egidio MG, Dall’Asta M, Martini D. Traditional and Non-Conventional Pasta-Making Processes: Effect on In Vitro Starch Digestibility. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050921. [PMID: 33922161 PMCID: PMC8146869 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasta is a carbohydrate-rich food with a low glycemic index (GI) and is one of the main sources of slowly digestible starch (SDS). The presence of bran fractions (BFs) in pasta may enhance its health potential, owing to the content of fiber, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds; however, at the same time, BF may affect starch digestibility. In this study, the bioaccessibility of starch in pasta made with BF-enriched semolina (BF pasta), or only with micronized debranned kernel (DK pasta), and a control pasta made with traditional semolina was evaluated by applying two different in vitro models. The control pasta showed a percentage of SDS about four-fold higher than that of the BF pasta and 1.5-fold higher than that of the DK pasta (p < 0.05). The amount of starch released during simulated gastrointestinal digestion was slightly lower, but not significantly different, for the control pasta than for both the BF and DK pasta. These results suggest that the presence of a higher amount of dietary fiber in BF pasta can affect the structure of the food matrix, interfering with the formation of the gluten network, water absorption, and starch granule accessibility, while micronization could enhance starch digestibility due to starch gelatinization. These findings emphasize the need to optimize the process for producing fiber-rich pasta without affecting its low starch digestibility and, consequently, its GI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Dodi
- Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (R.D.); (L.B.); (B.B.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (R.D.); (L.B.); (B.B.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Beatrice Biasini
- Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (R.D.); (L.B.); (B.B.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Marta Cossu
- Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (R.D.); (L.B.); (B.B.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesca Scazzina
- Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (R.D.); (L.B.); (B.B.); (M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Taddei
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Maria Grazia D’Egidio
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Margherita Dall’Asta
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Vitale M, Hanhineva K, Koistinen V, Auriola S, Paananen J, Costabile G, Della Pepa G, Rivellese AA, Riccardi G, Giacco R. Putative metabolites involved in the beneficial effects of wholegrain cereal: Nontargeted metabolite profiling approach. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1156-1165. [PMID: 33589320 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Wholegrain cereals have been implicated in the reduction of lifestyle-related chronic diseases risk including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Molecular mechanisms responsible for the beneficial health effects are not entirely understood. The aims of this study were 1) to identify new potential plasma biomarker candidate metabolites of wholegrain cereal foods intake and 2) to examine whether some putative metabolites associated with wholegrain foods intake may play a role in the improvement of cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Analysis have been conducted in 54 individuals with metabolic syndrome of both genders, age 40-65 years, randomly assigned to 2 dietary interventions lasting 12-week: 1) wholegrain enriched diet (n = 28), and 2) refined-wheat cereals diet (control diet) (n = 26). Nontargeted metabolite profiling analysis was performed on fasting plasma samples collected at baseline and at the end of the experimental diets. Our data show that, at the end of the intervention, a higher intake of wholegrain (tertile 3) was significantly associated with a marked increase in several lipid compounds, as PC (20:4/16:1), LPC (20:4), LPC (22:6), LPC (18:3), LPC (22:5), and a phenolic compound (P < .05 for all). In the wholegrain group, higher concentrations of these metabolites (tertile 3 vs tertile 1 of each metabolite) were significantly associated with lower postprandial insulin and triglyceride responses (P < .05) by 29% and 37%, respectively. CONCLUSION These observations suggest a possible role of lipid and polyphenol metabolites in the postprandial metabolic benefits of wholegrains in subjects at high risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, they provide insight into the role of these metabolites as potential candidate biomarkers of wholegrain foods. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT00945854).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Biochemistry, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Biology and biological engineering, Division of food and nutrition science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ville Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Italy
| | - Angela A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
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Waliłko E, Napierała M, Bryśkiewicz M, Fronczyk A, Majkowska L. High-Protein or Low Glycemic Index Diet-Which Energy-Restricted Diet Is Better to Start a Weight Loss Program? Nutrients 2021; 13:1086. [PMID: 33810414 PMCID: PMC8066419 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no crossover studies have compared the effects of high-protein (HP) and low glycemic index (LGI) diets applied as starting energy-restricted diets. METHODS Thirty-five overweight or obese volunteers with sedentary lifestyles aged 41.4 ± 11.0 years, with body mass index (BMI) of 33.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2, without diabetes, completed an 8-week randomized crossover study of an energy-restricted diet (reduction of 30%; approximately 600 kcal/day). The anthropometric parameters, body composition, 24 h blood pressure, and basic metabolic profile were measured at baseline and after completing the two 4-week diets; i.e., the HP (protein at 30% of the daily energy intake) or LGI diet, followed by the opposite diet. All subjects maintained food diaries and attended six counselling sessions with a clinical dietitian. RESULTS The final weight loss was not significantly different when the HP diet was used first but was associated with a greater loss of fat mass: 4.6 kg (5.8; 3.0 kg) vs. 2.2 (4.5; 0.8); p < 0.025, preserved muscle mass, and reduced LDL-cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS A short-term HP diet applied as a jump-start diet appeared to be more beneficial than an LGI diet, as indicated by the greater fat mass loss, preservation of muscle mass, and better effects on the lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liliana Majkowska
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin-Police, Poland; (E.W.); (M.N.); (M.B.); (A.F.)
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Chen L, Guo Y, Li X, Gong K, Liu K. Phenolics and related in vitro functional activities of different varieties of fresh waxy corn: a whole grain. BMC Chem 2021; 15:14. [PMID: 33648574 PMCID: PMC7923475 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyphenol distribution in fresh waxy corns of different color varieties and their functional activities, which may be useful for treating various chronic diseases, were investigated. The in vitro antioxidant activity, and hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of the free and bound corn phenolics were determined to evaluate the edible value of fresh waxy corn. The colored varieties contained more phenols than the common varieties (white and/or yellow). The total free phenolic acid content of the six varieties was 6637.73 µg/g DW (dry weight), which was slightly higher (P > 0.05) than that of the total bound form (6276.65 µg/g DW). The total free flavonoid content was 5850.09 µg/g DW, which was higher (P < 0.05) than that of the total bound form (4874.51µg/g DW). No bound anthocyanin was detected in the methanol extracts of the tested varieties. For all the varieties, free polyphenols contributed 86−100 % and 70−78 % of the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, respectively, and 100 % of the ferric reducing capacity. The free phenolics in fresh waxy corn showed better (P < 0.05) hypoglycemic effect than the bound form in terms of inhibition of α-amylase activity, whereas the bound phenolics of most varieties showed higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than the free forms. The free phenolics showed better (P < 0.05) glycocholesterol binding than the bound form for all varieties. The bound polyphenols showed better sodium cholate and taurocholate binding than the free form for most varieties. In conclusion, the difference between free and bound polyphenol content and functional activities indicates that fresh waxy corn can be potentially used for the development of functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Chen
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yuqiu Guo
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Kuijie Gong
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Kaichang Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Vitale M, Giacco R, Laiola M, Della Pepa G, Luongo D, Mangione A, Salamone D, Vitaglione P, Ercolini D, Rivellese AA. Acute and chronic improvement in postprandial glucose metabolism by a diet resembling the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern: Can SCFAs play a role? Clin Nutr 2021; 40:428-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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38
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Marshall S, Petocz P, Duve E, Abbott K, Cassettari T, Blumfield M, Fayet-Moore F. The Effect of Replacing Refined Grains with Whole Grains on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials with GRADE Clinical Recommendation. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:1859-1883.e31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sobhana PP, Kandlakunta B, Nagaraju R, Thappatla D, Epparapalli S, Vemula SR, Gavaravarapu SRM, Korrapati D. Human clinical trial to assess the effect of consumption of multigrain Indian bread on glycemic regulation in type 2 diabetic participants. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13465. [PMID: 33006193 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of multigrain flatbread in regulating the lipid profile and carbohydrate homeostasis among type 2 diabetic patients was studied in 100 type 2 diabetic participants. The results revealed that the anthropometric parameters remained unaltered in both test and control groups. The fasting blood glucose levels (140.70 ± 8.43 versus 132.89 ± 5.63 mg/dl) did not significantly decrease. In contrast, the insulin levels (12.96 ± 1.06 versus 10.83 ± 1.03 μIU/ml) and HbA1c levels (8.01 ± 0.27 versus 7.40 ± 0.21%) in the test group decreased significantly, and it was associated with a decrease in insulin resistance. The LDL levels in the test group decreased after the intervention (116.0 ± 5.67 versus 98.7 ± 5.68 mg/dl), while triglycerides and VLDL increased significantly and HDL levels remained unaltered. A significant decrease in average blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) was noticed among the test group participants. The human RBP4 and hs-CRP remained unaltered. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Millets are rich in fibers, has complex carbohydrate, protein, and is lower in fat content. Millets provide a wide range of nutrients, phytochemicals, and are gluten-free with low glycemic nature. Their intake can reduce factors such as insulin resistance and oxidative stress responsible for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Our study indicated the use of multigrain flatbreads prepared from millets helped reduce serum insulin, LDL cholesterol, HbA1c levels, and incidentally blood pressure levels with a significant increase in insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes participants. The results suggest using the multigrain flatbread meal as a food supplement or meal replacer in diabetic participants in terms of glucose control and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raju Nagaraju
- Department of Dietetics, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Deepika Thappatla
- Department of Dietetics, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Sudershan Rao Vemula
- Food and Drug Toxicological Research Center, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
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40
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Rice bran phenolic extract supplementation ameliorates impaired lipid metabolism in high-fat-diet fed mice through AMPK activation in liver. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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41
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Increasing dietary fibre intake in healthy adults using personalised dietary advice compared with general advice: a single-blind randomised controlled trial. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:1117-1128. [PMID: 32943128 PMCID: PMC8025104 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020002980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: A high-fibre diet is associated with a lower risk for diseases. However, few adults meet the dietary fibre recommendation. Therefore, the effects and acceptance of an algorithm-generated personalised dietary advice (PDA) compared with general advice (GA) on fibre intake were investigated. Design: A 6-week, single-blind randomised controlled trial with a 3-month follow-up. Setting: PDA was based on habitual intake and provided fibre-rich alternatives using a website; GA contained brochures. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline, week 1, week 6 and 3-month follow-up. Both groups evaluated their advice at week 6. All participants had access to PDA from week 7 until 3-month follow-up. Participants: Two groups of healthy adults: PDA (n 34) and GA (n 47). For 3-month follow-up analysis, participants were re-divided into visitors (n 52) and non-visitors (n 26) of the PDA. Results: At week 6, energy intake remained stable in both groups, but fibre intake per 1000 kcal increased non-significantly in both groups (PDA = Δ0·5 ± 2·8; GA = Δ0·8 ± 3·1, P = 0·128). Importantly, a significantly higher percentage of PDA participants adhered to the recommendation compared with week 1 (PDA = 21 % increase; GA = 4 % increase, P ≤ 0·001). PDA participants evaluated the advice significantly better compared with GA participants. At 3-month follow-up, fibre intake increased compared with baseline (visitors = Δ2·2 ± 2·6, P < 0·001; non-visitors = Δ1·5 ± 1·9, P = 0·001), but was insignificantly different between groups. Visitors had a decrease and non-visitors had an increase in energy intake (visitors =Δ − 132 ± 525; non-visitors = Δ109 ± 507, P = 0·055). Conclusions: The algorithm-generated PDA was well accepted and stimulated adherence to the recommendations more than GA, indicating to be a suitable and cost-efficient method for improving dietary fibre intake in healthy adults.
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Fuglsang-Nielsen R, Rakvaag E, Langdahl B, Knudsen KEB, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Hermansen K, Gregersen S. Effects of whey protein and dietary fiber intake on insulin sensitivity, body composition, energy expenditure, blood pressure, and appetite in subjects with abdominal obesity. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:611-619. [PMID: 32948867 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we demonstrated that whey protein (WP) combined with low dietary fiber improved lipemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in subjects with abdominal obesity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of intake of WP and dietary fiber from enzyme-treated wheat bran on other metabolic parameters of the metabolic syndrome. METHODS The study was a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel intervention study. We randomized 73 subjects with abdominal obesity to 1 of 4 iso-energetic dietary interventions: 60 g per day of either WP hydrolysate or maltodextrin (MD) combined with high-fiber (HiFi; 30 g dietary fiber/day) or low-fiber (LoFi; 10 g dietary fiber/day) cereal products. We assessed changes in insulin sensitivity, gut hormones (GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP, and peptide YY), body composition, 24-h BP, resting energy expenditure and respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and appetite. RESULTS Sixty-five subjects completed the trial. Subjective hunger ratings were lower after 12 weeks of WP compared with MD, independent of fiber content (P = 0.02). We found no effects on ratings of satiety, fullness or prospective food consumption for either of the interventions. Intake of WP combined with LoFi increased the postprandial peptide YY response. There were no effects of WP or fiber on insulin sensitivity, body composition, energy expenditure, incretins, or 24-h BP. CONCLUSIONS WP consumption for 12 weeks reduced subjective ratings of hunger in subjects with abdominal obesity. Neither WP nor dietary fiber from wheat bran affected insulin sensitivity, 24-h BP, gut hormone responses, body composition, or energy expenditure compared with MD and low dietary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Fuglsang-Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital Horsens, Horsens, Denmark. .,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Elin Rakvaag
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Clinical Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Bente Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Bolette Hartmann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Gregersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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Bergia RE, Biskup I, Giacco R, Costabile G, Gray S, Wright A, Vitale M, Campbell WW, Landberg R, Riccardi G. The MEDGICarb-Study: Design of a multi-center randomized controlled trial to determine the differential health-promoting effects of low- and high-glycemic index Mediterranean-style eating patterns. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 19:100640. [PMID: 32885091 PMCID: PMC7451809 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adults with central adiposity and other features of the metabolic syndrome have a markedly elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A Mediterranean-style healthy eating pattern (MED-HEP) and consumption of foods with a lower glycemic index (GI) are potential dietary approaches to curb the T2D and CVD epidemic. However, experimental evidence of the effectiveness of MED-HEP and of the contribution of GI towards improving indices of glucose homeostasis, especially among non-diabetic people, are lacking. Therefore, we developed the MedGI-Carb trial, a multi-center (Italy, Sweden, and United States) intervention in adults with at least two components of the metabolic syndrome (elevated waist circumference + one other component) that aims to improve markers of glucose homeostasis through dietary modification. All participants were randomized to consume an isocaloric high- or low-GI MED-HEP for 12 weeks. We hypothesized that indexes of insulinemia (primary outcome: postprandial insulin and glucose after standardized breakfast and lunch; secondary outcomes: fasting plasma glucose and insulin, HbA1c, 24-h continuous glucose monitoring) would be improved more with the low-GI versus the high-GI MED-HEP. Additionally, we hypothesized that consumption of a MED-HEP would improve other markers of cardiometabolic health and well-being (fasting blood pressure, fasting lipid profile, sleep quality, satiety, global metabolic alterations in the plasma metabolome, changes in the gut microbiota, subjective health and well-being), with no difference between groups. Collectively, the design of MEDGI-Carb allows several different research questions to be explored. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03410719.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Bergia
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Izabela Biskup
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food Science and Nutrition, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Savanna Gray
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Amy Wright
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food Science and Nutrition, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
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Ruijgrok C, Blaak EE, Egli L, Dussort P, Vinoy S, Rauh SP, Beulens JW, Robertson MD, Alssema M. Reducing postprandial glucose in dietary intervention studies and the magnitude of the effect on diabetes-related risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:259-273. [PMID: 32277270 PMCID: PMC7867534 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia has beneficial effects on
diabetes-related risk factors, but the magnitude of the reduction needed to achieve such
an effect is unknown. The purpose of the study was to quantify the relationship of acute
glucose and insulin postprandial responses with longer-term effects on diabetes-related
risk factors by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary intervention
studies. Methods We systematically searched EMBASE and MEDLINE. Dietary intervention studies
among any human population aiming to reduce postprandial glycemia, with actual measures of
postprandial glucose (PPG) and/or insulin (PPI) as acute exposures (incremental area under
the curve, iAUC) as well as markers of glucose metabolism (fasting glucose, HbA1c) and
insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin, HOMA-IR) after at least 4 weeks of diet intervention
as outcomes were included. Meta-analyses were performed for the effects on acute exposures
and on diabetes-related risk factors. The relationship between changes in acute exposures
and changes in risk factor outcomes was estimated by meta-regression analyses. Results Out of the 13,004 screened papers, 13 papers with 14 comparisons were
included in the quantitative analysis. The dietary interventions acutely reduced mean PPG
[mean difference (MD), − 0.27 mmol/l; 95% CI − 0.41 to − 0.14], but not mean PPI (MD
− 7.47 pmol/l; 95% CI − 16.79 to 1.86). There were no significant overall effects on
fasting glucose and insulin. HbA1c was reduced by − 0.20% (95% CI − 0.35 to − 0.05).
Changes in acute PPG were significantly associated with changes in fasting plasma glucose
(FPG) [per 10% change in PPG: β = 0.085 (95% CI 0.003,
0.167), k = 14], but not with fasting insulin
[β = 1.20 (95% CI − 0.32, 2.71), k = 12]. Changes in acute PPI were not associated with changes
in FPG [per 10% change in PPI: β = − 0.017 (95% CI
− 0.056, 0.022), k = 11]. Conclusions Only a limited number of postprandial glucose-lowering dietary intervention
studies measured acute postprandial exposures to PPG/PPI during the interventions. In this
small heterogeneous set of studies, an association was found between the magnitude of the
acute postprandial responses and the change in fasting glucose, but no other outcomes.
More studies are needed to quantify the relationship between acute postprandial changes
and long-term effects on risk factors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02240-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized
users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Ruijgrok
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Léonie Egli
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Dussort
- ILSI Europe a.I.S.B.L., Avenue E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sophie Vinoy
- Nutrition Department, Mondelez International R&D, Saclay, France
| | - Simone P Rauh
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marjan Alssema
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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Sadeghi O, Sadeghian M, Rahmani S, Maleki V, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. Whole-Grain Consumption Does Not Affect Obesity Measures: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:280-292. [PMID: 31390462 PMCID: PMC7073321 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the release of a previous meta-analysis on the effect of whole-grain intake on obesity measures, several clinical trials have been published. Therefore, we aimed to update the previous meta-analysis on the effect of whole-grain intake on obesity measures by including recently published studies, as well as considering the main limitations in that analysis. We searched the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Clarivate Web of Science, EmBase, and Google Scholar for relevant studies published up to February 2019, using relevant keywords. Randomized clinical trials investigating the effect of whole-grain products or diets high in whole-grain foods, compared with a control diet, on anthropometric measures [including body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass (FM)] were included. In total, 21 studies with a total sample of 1798 participants, aged ≥18 years, were considered. Based on 22 effect sizes from 19 studies on body weight, with a total sample of 1698 adults, we found no significant effect of whole-grain consumption on body weight. The same findings were obtained for BMIs, such that using 10 effect sizes from 10 clinical trials with a total sample of 769 individuals we did not find any significant effect. With regards to body fat percentage [weighted mean difference (WMD): 0.27; 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.58%; P = 0.09], FM (WMD: 0.45; 95% CI: -0.12 to 1.02 kg; P = 0.12), fat-free mass (WMD: 0.31; 95% CI: -0.67 to 0.06 kg; P = 0.10), and waist circumference (WMD: 0.06; 95% CI: -0.50 to 0.63 cm; P = 0.82), we failed to find any significant effect of whole-grain consumption. In conclusion, our findings did not support current recommendations of whole-grain intake in attempts to control obesity measures. Given the beneficial effects of whole-grain intake on other measures of human health, additional well-designed studies are required to further investigate the effect on obesity. The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019125320).
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Sadeghi
- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sadeghian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Rahmani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address correspondence to AE (e-mail: )
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46
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Wang W, Li J, Chen X, Yu M, Pan Q, Guo L. Whole grain food diet slightly reduces cardiovascular risks in obese/overweight adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:82. [PMID: 32070285 PMCID: PMC7027052 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of whole grain diet on cardiovascular risks in obese and overweight adults is not well established. Our goal was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of whole grain diet on cardiovascular risks in obese/overweight adults. METHODS PubMed, Embase and Cochrane were systematically scanned for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and studies were selected based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the effectiveness of whole grain food consumption in reducing body weight. The secondary outcomes were the effect of whole grain food consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin resistance index, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and waist circumference in obese/overweight adults. RESULTS Our results showed that whole grain consumption was associated with lower body weight (mean difference (MD) = - 0.5, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [- 0.74, 0.25], I2 = 35%, P < 0.0001) and lower CRP (MD = -0.36, 95% CI [- 0.54, - 0.18], I2 = 69%, P < 0.0001), compared with the control group. However, there were no significant differences in LDL-C (MD = -0.08, 95% CI [- 0.16, 0.00], I2 = 27%, P = 0.05), waist circumference (MD = -0.12, 95% CI [- 0.92, 0.68], I2 = 44%, P = 0.76), systolic blood pressure (MD = -0.11, 95% CI [- 1.55, 1.33], I2 = 3%, P = 0.88), diastolic blood pressure (MD = -0.44, 95% CI [- 1.44, 0.57], I2 = 15%, P = 0.39), and fasting glucose (MD = -0.05, 95% CI [- 0.12, 0.01], I2 = 31%, P = 0.11) between the two groups. CONCLUSION This study suggests that whole grain food consumption can slightly reduce body weight and CRP in obese/overweight population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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47
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Bozzetto L, Della Pepa G, Vetrani C, Rivellese AA. Dietary Impact on Postprandial Lipemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:337. [PMID: 32733374 PMCID: PMC7358426 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in postprandial lipemia (PPL), particularly those related to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, are considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor. As diet is known to be one of the main modulators of PPL, the aim of this review was to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of diet and its components on PPL in humans; specifically, the impact of weight loss, different nutrients (quantity and quality of dietary fats, carbohydrates, and proteins), alcohol and other bioactive dietary components (i.e., polyphenols), as well as the effect of different dietary patterns. The possible mechanisms behind the metabolic effects of each dietary component were also discussed.
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48
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Polito R, Costabile G, Nigro E, Giacco R, Vetrani C, Anniballi G, Luongo D, Riccardi G, Daniele A, Annuzzi G. Nutritional factors influencing plasma adiponectin levels: results from a randomised controlled study with whole-grain cereals. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:509-515. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1680959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Polito
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gaia Anniballi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Delia Luongo
- CNR-Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
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49
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Rakvaag E, Fuglsang-Nielsen R, Bach Knudsen KE, Landberg R, Johannesson Hjelholt A, Søndergaard E, Hermansen K, Gregersen S. Whey Protein Combined with Low Dietary Fiber Improves Lipid Profile in Subjects with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092091. [PMID: 31487806 PMCID: PMC6770182 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity is associated with elevated postprandial triglycerides (TG), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies show that whey protein (WP) and dietary fiber may separately reduce postprandial TG. However, few studies have investigated the long-term effects of WP and dietary fiber on postprandial TG. We aimed to investigate the separate and combined long-term effects of WP and dietary fiber from wheat bran on postprandial TG and markers of lipid metabolism in subjects with abdominal obesity. We conducted a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel intervention study. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, 73 adults were randomized to receive 60 g/day of either WP hydrolysate or maltodextrin (MD) combined with high-fiber wheat bran products (HiFi; 30 g dietary fiber/day) or low-fiber refined wheat products (LoFi; 10 g dietary fiber/day). A high-fat meal test was conducted before and after the intervention. Sixty-five subjects were included in the final analyses. There were no differences between intervention groups in postprandial TG assessed as incremental area under the curve (iAUC). WP-LoFi had reduced postprandial TG assessed as total area under the curve (tAUC) and reduced fasting TG compared with all other groups, and reduced fasting apolipoprotein B-48 compared with MD-LoFi. There were no changes in lipoprotein lipase activity. Total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B-100 were reduced after WP intake compared with MD. Total cholesterol was increased after HiFi intake compared with LoFi. In conclusion, intake of WP in combination with low-fiber cereal products for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on postprandial TG tAUC and fasting TG, but not on postprandial TG iAUC in subjects with abdominal obesity. Combining WP with high-fiber wheat bran products did not improve lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Rakvaag
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Fuglsang-Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Esben Søndergaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Gregersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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50
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Ma GX, Zhu L, Shive SE, Zhang G, Senter YR, Topete P, Seals B, Zhai S, Wang M, Tan Y. The Evaluation of IDEAL-REACH Program to Improve Nutrition among Asian American Community Members in the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3054. [PMID: 31443586 PMCID: PMC6747408 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Asian Americans' food purchasing, cooking, and eating patterns are not well understood. Greater insight into these behaviors is urgently needed to guide public health interventions of dietary behaviors in this population. The present study aims to examine the effects of a community-level intervention on food purchasing and preparation, nutrition knowledge, and health awareness in Asian Americans. Methods From 2015 to 2017, we conducted the Improving Diets with an Ecological Approach for Lifestyle (IDEAL-REACH) intervention to increase access to healthy food or beverage options for the Asian-American population in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. Participants (1110 at pre- and 1098 at post-assessment) were recruited from 31 community-based organizations (CBOs). We assessed Asian Americans' dietary behaviors, nutrition knowledge, and awareness of heart health. Results The results of pre-post intervention comparisons showed that the IDEAL-REACH intervention was successful in promoting whole grains consumption, reducing sodium consumption, and raising knowledge and awareness related to nutrition and heart health. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is one of the first initiatives in the U.S. to engage CBOs to promote healthier dietary behaviors. The findings show that CBOs serve as a powerful platform for community-level interventions to improve healthy nutrition behaviors in Asian-American communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace X Ma
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Lin Zhu
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Steven E Shive
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Health Studies, East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA 18301, USA
| | - Guo Zhang
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yvette R Senter
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, NCCDPHP, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | - Brenda Seals
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Shumenghui Zhai
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - MinQi Wang
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yin Tan
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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