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Bonifazi A, Ellenberger M, Farino ZJ, Aslanoglou D, Rais R, Pereira S, Mantilla-Rivas JO, Boateng CA, Eshleman AJ, Janowsky A, Hahn MK, Schwartz GJ, Slusher BS, Newman AH, Freyberg Z. Development of novel tools for dissection of central versus peripheral dopamine D 2-like receptor signaling in dysglycemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.21.581451. [PMID: 38529497 PMCID: PMC10962703 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.21.581451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) D2-like receptors in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery are key modulators of metabolism. Moreover, disruption of D2-like receptor signaling is implicated in dysglycemia. Yet, the respective metabolic contributions of CNS versus peripheral D2-like receptors including D2 (D2R) and D3 (D3R) receptors remain poorly understood. To address this, we developed new pharmacological tools, D2-like receptor agonists with diminished and delayed blood-brain barrier capability, to selectively manipulate D2R/D3R signaling in the periphery. We designated bromocriptine methiodide (BrMeI), a quaternary methiodide analogue of D2/3R agonist and diabetes drug bromocriptine, as our lead compound based on preservation of D2R/D3R binding and functional efficacy. We then used BrMeI and unmodified bromocriptine to dissect relative contributions of CNS versus peripheral D2R/D3R signaling in treating dysglycemia. Systemic administration of bromocriptine, with unrestricted access to CNS and peripheral targets, significantly improved both insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in obese, dysglycemic mice in vivo. In contrast, metabolic improvements were attenuated when access to bromocriptine was restricted either to the CNS through intracerebroventricular administration or delayed access to the CNS via BrMeI. Our findings demonstrate that the coordinated actions of both CNS and peripheral D2-like receptors are required for correcting dysglycemia. Ultimately, the development of a first-generation of drugs designed to selectively target the periphery provides a blueprint for dissecting mechanisms of central versus peripheral DA signaling and paves the way for novel strategies to treat dysglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Ellenberger
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zachary J. Farino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Comfort A. Boateng
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy J. Eshleman
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Margaret K. Hahn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary J. Schwartz
- The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Lead Contact
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Moore SC, Vaz de Castro PAS, Yaqub D, Jose PA, Armando I. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Peripheral Dopamine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13816. [PMID: 37762126 PMCID: PMC10530375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is synthesized in the nervous system where it acts as a neurotransmitter. Dopamine is also synthesized in a number of peripheral organs as well as in several types of cells and has organ-specific functions and, as demonstrated more recently, is involved in the regulation of the immune response and inflammatory reaction. In particular, the renal dopaminergic system is very important in the regulation of sodium transport and blood pressure and is particularly sensitive to stimuli that cause oxidative stress and inflammation. This review is focused on how dopamine is synthesized in organs and tissues and the mechanisms by which dopamine and its receptors exert their effects on the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ines Armando
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (S.C.M.); (P.A.S.V.d.C.); (D.Y.); (P.A.J.)
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Daza-Hernández S, Pérez-Luque E, Martínez-Cordero C, Figueroa-Vega N, Cardona-Alvarado MI, Muñoz-Montes N. Analysis of Factors Associated with Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery: rs1800497 ANKK1, rs1799732 DRD2 Genetic Polymorphisms, Eating Behavior, Hedonic Hunger, and Depressive Symptoms. J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 27:1778-1784. [PMID: 37227608 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-023-05699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A therapeutic approach to severe obesity is bariatric surgery (BS), which is considered an effective intervention for ameliorating comorbidities such as T2DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Some polymorphisms are considered markers for addictive disorders and hedonic hunger. We analyzed factors associated with the outcomes of BS, including rs1800497 ANKK1 and rs1799732 DRD2 polymorphisms, eating behavior, hedonic hunger, and depressive symptoms. METHODS We retrospectively selected 101 patients who underwent BS and agreed to participate. The previous conditions to BS, such as body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and comorbidities, were registered; the scholarship value was evaluated as the total number of years of scholarly education. To evaluate the post-surgery conditions of the participants, we took blood samples, anthropometric measures, and 3 questionnaires to evaluate eating behavior (TFEQ-R18), hedonic hunger (PFS), and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). The ANKK1 rs1800497 and rs1799732 DRD2 polymorphisms were genotyped. RESULTS The median total weight loss (TWL) was 34.7 kg, with a BMI of 33.8 kg/m2, 6 (4-8) years after BS. The TWL was positively associated with the TFEQ-R18 score (p = 0.006) and negatively associated with triglycerides (p = 0.011). rs1800497 ANKK1 was associated with TFEQ-R18 (OR = 1.13 (1.02-1.25), p = 0.009). We also found a negative correlation of pre-surgery BMI with scholarship (r = - 0.27, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The patients showed an improvement in metabolic and anthropometric parameters post-surgery. Interestingly, the ANKK1 Taq1A polymorphism was associated with eating behavior and scholarship with pre-surgery BMI, which may be considered predictors of BS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Daza-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus León, León, Mexico
| | - Elva Pérez-Luque
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus León, León, Mexico.
| | | | - Nicté Figueroa-Vega
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus León, León, Mexico
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BouSaba J, Vosoughi K, Dilmaghani S, Prokop LJ, Camilleri M. Pharmacogenetic interactions of medications administered for weight loss in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics 2023; 24:283-295. [PMID: 36999540 PMCID: PMC10152409 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To analyze roles of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on weight loss with US FDA-approved medications. Materials & methods: We searched the literature up until November 2022. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Results: 14 studies were included in qualitative analysis and seven in meta-analysis. SNVs in CNR1, GLP-1R, MC4R, TCF7L2, CTRB1/2, ADIPOQ, SORCS1 and ANKK1 were evaluated relative to weight loss with glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (13 studies) or naltrexone-bupropion (one study). CNR1 gene (rs1049353), GLP-1R gene (rs6923761, rs10305420), TCF7L2 gene (rs7903146) were associated with weight loss in at least one study involving glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist(s). The meta-analysis did not identify any consistent effect of SNVs. Conclusion: Pharmacogenetic interactions for exenatide, liraglutide, naltrexone-bupropion and weight loss were identified, but the directionality was inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle BouSaba
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational & Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kia Vosoughi
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational & Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Saam Dilmaghani
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational & Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Larry J Prokop
- Library, Public Service Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational & Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Freyberg Z, Gittes GK. Roles of Pancreatic Islet Catecholamine Neurotransmitters in Glycemic Control and in Antipsychotic Drug-Induced Dysglycemia. Diabetes 2023; 72:3-15. [PMID: 36538602 PMCID: PMC9797319 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamine neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are essential for a myriad of functions throughout the central nervous system, including metabolic regulation. These molecules are also present in the pancreas, and their study may shed light on the effects of peripheral neurotransmission on glycemic control. Though sympathetic innervation to islets provides NE that signals at local α-cell and β-cell adrenergic receptors to modify hormone secretion, α-cells and β-cells also synthesize catecholamines locally. We propose a model where α-cells and β-cells take up catecholamine precursors in response to postprandial availability, preferentially synthesizing DA. The newly synthesized DA signals in an autocrine/paracrine manner to regulate insulin and glucagon secretion and maintain glycemic control. This enables islets to couple local catecholamine signaling to changes in nutritional state. We also contend that the DA receptors expressed by α-cells and β-cells are targeted by antipsychotic drugs (APDs)-some of the most widely prescribed medications today. Blockade of local DA signaling contributes significantly to APD-induced dysglycemia, a major contributor to treatment discontinuation and development of diabetes. Thus, elucidating the peripheral actions of catecholamines will provide new insights into the regulation of metabolic pathways and may lead to novel, more effective strategies to tune metabolism and treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - George K. Gittes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Aslanoglou D, Bertera S, Friggeri L, Sánchez-Soto M, Lee J, Xue X, Logan RW, Lane JR, Yechoor VK, McCormick PJ, Meiler J, Free RB, Sibley DR, Bottino R, Freyberg Z. Dual pancreatic adrenergic and dopaminergic signaling as a therapeutic target of bromocriptine. iScience 2022; 25:104771. [PMID: 35982797 PMCID: PMC9379584 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromocriptine is approved as a diabetes therapy, yet its therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. Though bromocriptine's actions have been mainly attributed to the stimulation of brain dopamine D2 receptors (D2R), bromocriptine also targets the pancreas. Here, we employ bromocriptine as a tool to elucidate the roles of catecholamine signaling in regulating pancreatic hormone secretion. In β-cells, bromocriptine acts on D2R and α2A-adrenergic receptor (α2A-AR) to reduce glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Moreover, in α-cells, bromocriptine acts via D2R to reduce glucagon secretion. α2A-AR activation by bromocriptine recruits an ensemble of G proteins with no β-arrestin2 recruitment. In contrast, D2R recruits G proteins and β-arrestin2 upon bromocriptine stimulation, demonstrating receptor-specific signaling. Docking studies reveal distinct bromocriptine binding to α2A-AR versus D2R, providing a structural basis for bromocriptine's dual actions on β-cell α2A-AR and D2R. Together, joint dopaminergic and adrenergic receptor actions on α-cell and β-cell hormone release provide a new therapeutic mechanism to improve dysglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Aslanoglou
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Suzanne Bertera
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura Friggeri
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marta Sánchez-Soto
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeongkyung Lee
- Diabetes and Beta Cell Biology Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiangning Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. Robert Lane
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vijay K. Yechoor
- Diabetes and Beta Cell Biology Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter J. McCormick
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R. Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R. Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Imagine Pharma, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Neuman J, Roeder N, Richardson B, Quattrin T, Hamilton J, Thanos PK. High Fat Diet Increases [ 3H] Flunitrazepam Binding in the Mouse Brain that is Dependent on the Expression of the Dopamine D2 Gene. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3003-3011. [PMID: 35708880 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neuromodulator in the brain that binds to dopamine D1-like receptors (D1, D5) as well as dopamine D2-like receptors (D2, D3, D4). The D2 receptor is known to play an integral role in a variety of physiological processes including addictive behaviors, locomotion, motivation, feeding behavior, and more. It was recently reported that dopamine is a direct-acting modulator of mammalian GABA(A) receptors. To this end, we wanted to examine how the expression of the dopamine D2 gene impacts the expression of GABA(A) receptors in the brain under different dietary conditions. Adult female Drd2 wild-type (WT), heterozygous (HT), and knockout (KO) mice were given either normal or high-fat diet for a period of 30 weeks. Following this, their brains were collected for [3H] Flunitrazepam binding in order to assess GABA(A) receptor expression. A high fat diet significantly increased [3H] Flunitrazepam binding in the regions of the somatosensory cortex, striatum, and various other cortical areas within WT mice. In contrast, no effect of diet was observed in HT or KO mice. As such, HT and KO mice displayed reduced [3H] Flunitrazepam binding in these areas relative to WT mice under high-fat dietary conditions. The effect of a high-fat diet on [3H] Flunitrazepam binding is consistent with recent evidence showing increases in GABA neurotransmitter levels following a high-fat diet. We demonstrate for the first time that the expression of the D2 gene plays a prominent role in the ability of a high-fat diet to impact GABA(A) receptors in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Neuman
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Roeder
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brittany Richardson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Quattrin
- University at Buffalo, UBMD Pediatrics, JR Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychology, State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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One Year Follow-Up of Taste-Related Reward Associations with Weight Loss Suggests a Critical Time to Mitigate Weight Regain Following Bariatric Surgery. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113943. [PMID: 34836201 PMCID: PMC8623884 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Weight regain is a concerning issue in bariatric patients. We previously demonstrated that taste-related reward processing was associated with six-month weight loss outcomes following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) but not vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). Here, we assessed whether these taste factors persisted in predicting weight loss, and weight regain, at one year post-surgery. Methods: Adult women enrolled in a longitudinal study of taste preferences following bariatric surgery completed behavioral and neuroimaging assessments at one year post-surgery. Results: RYGB produced better weight loss relative to VSG, with weight regain and greater weight loss variability observed from six months to one year post-VSG. Changes in liking for high fat at 2 weeks post-surgery from baseline remained a predictor of weight loss in RYGB, but other predictors did not persist. Average liking ratings rebounded to baseline and higher self-reported food cravings and dietary disinhibition correlated with poorer weight loss at one year post-surgery. Conclusion: Initial anatomical and metabolic changes resulting from RYGB that reset neural processing of reward stimuli in the mesolimbic pathway appear to be temporary and may be contingent upon post-operative eating behaviors returning to preoperative obesogenic tendencies. Six months post-surgery may be a critical window for implementing interventions to mitigate weight gain.
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Mullally JA, Chung WK, LeDuc CA, Reid TJ, Febres G, Holleran S, Ramakrishnan R, Korner J. Weight-loss response to naltrexone/bupropion is modulated by the Taq1A genetic variant near DRD2 (rs1800497): A pilot study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:850-853. [PMID: 33236485 PMCID: PMC8106923 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Naltrexone/bupropion (NB) is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved antiobesity medication. Clinical trials have shown variable weight loss, with responders and non-responders. NB is believed to act on central dopaminergic pathways to suppress appetite. The Taq1A polymorphism near DRD2 (rs1800497) is associated with the density of striatal dopamine D2 receptors, with individuals carrying the A allele (AA or AG; termed A1+) having 30%-40% fewer dopamine binding sites than those who do not carry the A allele (GG; termed A1-). We performed a pilot study to assess the association of the rs1800497 ANKK1 c.2137G > A (p.Glu713Lys) variant with weight loss with NB treatment in 33 subjects. Mean (SD) weight loss was 5.9% (3.2%) for the A1+ genotype group (n = 15) and 4.2% (4.2%) for the A1- genotype group (n = 18). The mean weight loss for the A1+ genotype group was significantly greater than the predefined clinically significant 4% weight-loss target (one-sample t-test, P = .035), whereas the mean weight loss for the A1- genotype group was not (P = .85). Individuals with the A1+ genotype appear to respond better to NB than A1- individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Mullally
- Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Tirissa J. Reid
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Gerardo Febres
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven Holleran
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Judith Korner
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Aliasghari F, Nazm SA, Yasari S, Mahdavi R, Bonyadi M. Associations of the ANKK1 and DRD2 gene polymorphisms with overweight, obesity and hedonic hunger among women from the Northwest of Iran. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:305-312. [PMID: 32020513 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleasure from palatable foods can stimulate hedonic eating and, therefore, might be a major culprit for obesity. Dopamine receptor polymorphisms, especially variants in the genes regulating the D2 receptor, including ANKK1 and DRD2, are the prime candidates for assessing the individual differences in hedonic eating. This study was carried out to investigate the possible associations of the T (rs1800497) and Del (rs1799732) alleles with body mass index (BMI) and hedonic hunger among Iranian Azeri women. METHODS A total of 372 healthy overweight/obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and 159 normal weight individuals (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) were genotyped for the polymorphisms of ANNK1 and DRD2 genes using PCR-RFLP. BMI and hedonic hunger were also evaluated. RESULTS Three hundred and sixty-three (68.36%), 152 (28.63%), and 16 (3.01%) of the participants had CC, CT, and TT genotypes for ANNK1 gene, respectively. Of 515 samples genotyped for DRD2 gene, 315 (60.51%), 173 (33.59%), and 27 (5.24%) had Ins/Ins, Ins/Del, and Del/Del genotypes, respectively. The genotype and genotype frequencies were significantly different between the groups (p = 0.04). Significant differences were observed between the T+ genotype (TT + TC) and the T- genotype (CC) regarding the BMI and hedonic hunger scores (p < 0.05). In addition, Del+ group (Del/Del + Ins/Del) had higher BMI and hedonic hunger scores compared to Del- group (Ins/Ins) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that the frequencies of T and Del alleles were greater in the overweight/obese individuals. Also, the polymorphism of ANKK1 (rs1800497) and polymorphism of the DRD2 gene (rs1799732) showed significant associations with BMI and hedonic hunger. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Aliasghari
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba A Nazm
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Yasari
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Morteza Bonyadi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Berland C, Montalban E, Perrin E, Di Miceli M, Nakamura Y, Martinat M, Sullivan M, Davis XS, Shenasa MA, Martin C, Tolu S, Marti F, Caille S, Castel J, Perez S, Salinas CG, Morel C, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Cador M, Fioramonti X, Tschöp MH, Layé S, Venance L, Faure P, Hnasko TS, Small DM, Gangarossa G, Luquet SH. Circulating Triglycerides Gate Dopamine-Associated Behaviors through DRD2-Expressing Neurons. Cell Metab 2020; 31:773-790.e11. [PMID: 32142669 PMCID: PMC7250662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Energy-dense food alters dopaminergic (DA) transmission in the mesocorticolimbic (MCL) system and can promote reward dysfunctions, compulsive feeding, and weight gain. Yet the mechanisms by which nutrients influence the MCL circuitry remain elusive. Here, we show that nutritional triglycerides (TGs), a conserved post-prandial metabolic signature among mammals, can be metabolized within the MCL system and modulate DA-associated behaviors by gating the activity of dopamine receptor subtype 2 (DRD2)-expressing neurons through a mechanism that involves the action of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Further, we show that in humans, post-prandial TG excursions modulate brain responses to food cues in individuals carrying a genetic risk for reduced DRD2 signaling. Collectively, these findings unveil a novel mechanism by which dietary TGs directly alter signaling in the reward circuit to regulate behavior, thereby providing a new mechanistic basis by which energy-rich diets may lead to (mal)adaptations in DA signaling that underlie reward deficit and compulsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Berland
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Elodie Perrin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Labex Memolife, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Di Miceli
- Université Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- The Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maud Martinat
- Université Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mary Sullivan
- The Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xue S Davis
- The Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Shenasa
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claire Martin
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Stefania Tolu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France
| | - Fabio Marti
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Caille
- Université Bordeaux, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS, UMR5287, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Castel
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Perez
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Labex Memolife, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Chloé Morel
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Jacob Hecksher-Sørensen
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark; Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Martine Cador
- Université Bordeaux, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS, UMR5287, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- Université Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, TUM, Munich, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Layé
- Université Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Venance
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Labex Memolife, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Faure
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France
| | - Thomas S Hnasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Research Service VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Dana M Small
- The Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Serge H Luquet
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France; The Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
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12
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Mourra D, Gnazzo F, Cobos S, Beeler JA. Striatal Dopamine D2 Receptors Regulate Cost Sensitivity and Behavioral Thrift. Neuroscience 2019; 425:134-145. [PMID: 31809732 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) in regulating appetitive behavior continues to be controversial. Earlier literature suggests that reduced D2R signaling diminishes motivated behavior while more recent theories suggest that reduced D2R, as has been putatively observed in obesity, facilitates compulsive appetitive behavior and promotes overeating. Using a homecage foraging paradigm with mice, we revisit classic neuroleptic pharmacological studies from the 1970s that led to the 'extinction mimicry' hypothesis: that dopamine blockade reduces reinforcement leading to an extinction-like reduction in a learned, motivated behavior. We complement this with a selective genetic deletion of D2R in indirect pathway medium spiny neurons (iMSNs). Administration of haloperidol shifts foraging strategy toward less effortful, more thrifty pursuit of food without altering consumption or bodyweight. D2R deletion in iMSNs also reduces effort and energy expended toward food pursuit, but without a compensatory shift in foraging strategy, resulting in loss of body weight, an effect more pronounced under conditions of escalating costs as the knockouts fail to adequately increase effort. The selective knockouts exhibit no change in sucrose preference or sucrose reinforcement. These data suggest that striatal D2R regulates effort in response to costs, mediating cost sensitivity and behavioral thrift. In the context of obesity, these data suggest that reduced D2R is more likely to diminish effort and behavioral energy expenditure rather than increase appetitive motivation and consumption, possibly contributing to reduced physical activity commonly observed in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devry Mourra
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, New York, NY, USA; CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, City University New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Federico Gnazzo
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steve Cobos
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeff A Beeler
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, New York, NY, USA; CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, City University New York, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Interactions between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA Polymorphism and Dietary Factors Influence Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations in Diabetic Patients from Western Mexico: A Cross-sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122863. [PMID: 31766642 PMCID: PMC6949992 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to screen relevant interactions between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism and dietary intakes with reference to phenotypical features in patients with T2D from western Mexico. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 175 T2D patients were enrolled. Dietary intake was evaluated using 3-day food records and appropriate software. Glycemic and blood lipid profiles were measured by standardized methods. Genotyping of the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism was performed by the RFLP method. Gene-diet interactions regarding anthropometric and metabolic phenotypes were screened by adjusted multiple linear regression analyses. Genotype frequencies of the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism were A1A1 (16.0%), A1A2 (52.6%), and A2A2 (31.4%). Statistically significant interactions between the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA genotypes and dietary factors in relation to blood triglyceride (TG) levels were found. Carriers of the A1 allele (A1A1 homozygotes plus A1A2 heterozygotes) were protected from TG increases by maltose intake (P int. = 0.023). Instead, A2A2 homozygotes were susceptible to TG rises through consumptions of total fat (P int. = 0.041), monounsaturated fatty acids (P int. = 0.001), and dietary cholesterol (P int. = 0.019). This study suggests that the interactions between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism and dietary factors (sugar and fats) influence TG levels in diabetic patients.
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Puangpetch A, Srisawasdi P, Unaharassamee W, Jiratjintana N, Vanavanan S, Punprasit S, Na Nakorn C, Sukasem C, Kroll MH. Association between polymorphisms of LEP, LEPR, DRD2, HTR2A and HTR2C genes and risperidone- or clozapine-induced hyperglycemia. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:155-166. [PMID: 31496784 PMCID: PMC6689662 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s210770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine whether genetic polymorphisms related to pharmacodynamics with metabolic adverse effects, namely leptin promoter (LEP) rs7799039, leptin receptor rs1137101, dopamine D2 rs4436578, serotonin 5-HT2A rs6313, and serotonin 5-HT2C rs518147 and rs12836771, are associated with hyperglycemia induced by risperidone or clozapine in adult Thai patients with psychosis. Methods A total of 180 patients treated with risperidone-based (n=130) or clozapine-based (n=50) regimens were included in this study. Blood samples were analyzed for genotyping of the candidate genes and biochemical testing. Genotyping was performed by conducting a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction-based analysis. Results The prevalence of hyperglycemia was higher in patients receiving clozapine (64.0%) than in those receiving risperidone (30.8%). Among the candidate genes, only the LEP rs7799039 polymorphism demonstrated a significant association with hyperglycemia (χ2=9.879, P=0.008) in patients treated with risperidone; patients with the AA genotype had the highest risk (41.1%), followed by those with AG (20.8%) and GG (0%) genotypes. Using the recessive genetic model (AA vs AG + GG), the odds ratio and 95% CI were 3.28 and 1.44 −7.50, respectively. None of the genes were associated with hyperglycemia in patients treated with clozapine. A binary logistic regression revealed that the LEP rs7799039 polymorphism demonstrated a significant association with hyperglycemia, independent of body-mass index (BMI) in patients receiving risperidone; the odds ratio (95% CI) was 3.188 (1.399–7.262), P=0.006. By contrast, none of the pharmacodynamic genetic factors, except for BMI, were significantly associated with hyperglycemia in patients receiving clozapine. Conclusion The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with the LEP rs7799039 polymorphism in Thai adults receiving risperidone but not in those receiving clozapine. Clarifying underlying mechanisms and risk of hyperglycemia provides an opportunity to prevent impaired glucose metabolism in patients receiving risperidone or clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichaya Puangpetch
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpen Srisawasdi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Napa Jiratjintana
- Department of Psychiatry, Somdet Chaopraya Institute of Psychiatry, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somlak Vanavanan
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suweejuk Punprasit
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalitpon Na Nakorn
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Stice E, Burger K. Neural vulnerability factors for obesity. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 68:38-53. [PMID: 30587407 PMCID: PMC6397091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple theories identify neural vulnerability factors that may increase risk for overeating and weight gain. Early cross-sectional neuroimaging studies were unable to determine whether aberrant neural responsivity was a risk factor for or a consequence of overeating. More recent obesity risk, prospective, repeated-measures, and experimental neuroimaging studies with humans have advanced knowledge of etiologic processes and neural plasticity resulting from overeating. Herein, we review evidence from these more rigorous human neuroimaging studies, in conjunction with behavioral measures reflecting neural function, as well as experiments with animals that investigated neural vulnerability theories for overeating. Findings provide support for the reward surfeit theory that posits that individuals at risk for obesity initially show hyper-responsivity of reward circuitry to high-calorie food tastes, which theoretically drives elevated intake of such foods. However, findings provide little support for the reward deficit theory that postulates that individuals at risk for obesity show an initial hypo-responsivity of reward circuitry that motives overeating. Further, results provide support for the incentive sensitization and dynamic vulnerability theories that propose that overconsumption of high-calorie foods results in increased reward and attention region responsivity to cues that are associated with hedonic reward from intake of these high-calorie foods via conditioning, as well as a simultaneous decrease in reward region responsivity to high-calorie food tastes. However, there is little evidence that this induced reduction in reward region response to high-calorie food tastes drives an escalation in overeating. Finally, results provide support for the theory that an initial deficit in inhibitory control and a bias for immediate reward contribute to overconsumption of high-calorie foods. Findings imply that interventions that reduce reward and attention region responsivity to food cues and increase inhibitory control should reduce overeating and excessive weight gain, an intervention theory that is receiving support in randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Stice
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Kyle Burger
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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16
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Cardel MI, Lemas DJ, Lee AM, Miller DR, Huo T, Klimentidis YC, Fernandez JR. Taq1a polymorphism (rs1800497) is associated with obesity-related outcomes and dietary intake in a multi-ethnic sample of children. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12470. [PMID: 30253082 PMCID: PMC6659394 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adults, the Taq1a polymorphism (rs1800497) near the D2 receptor (DRD2) gene is associated with body mass index and binge eating and is more prevalent among non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) and Hispanic-Americans (HA) relative to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). We hypothesize Taq1a polymorphism (rs1800497) risk alleles contribute to paediatric racial/ethnic differences in obesity phenotypes. OBJECTIVES This study aims to characterize the relationship between the Taq1a polymorphism (rs1800497), diet and adiposity in a multi-ethnic cohort of 286 children (98 NHB, 76 HA and 112 NHW), ages 7-12. METHODS Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography scans and two 24-h dietary recalls assessed body composition, fat distribution and dietary intakes, respectively. RESULTS Children with two Taq1a risk alleles (NHB = 50.0%, HA = 43.3%, NHW = 6.7%) reported a 20% increase in total energy intake (P = 0.0034) and per cent of calories from sugar consumed (P = 0.0077) than did children with less than two risk alleles. Children with two Taq1a risk alleles demonstrated significantly higher total body fat (P = 0.0145), body fat percentage (P = 0.0377), intra-abdominal adiposity (P = 0.0459), subcutaneous abdominal adiposity (P = 0.0213) and total abdominal adiposity (P = 0.0209) than did children with one or no Taq1a risk alleles. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that having two Taq1a risk alleles is associated with an increase in reported calorie and sugar consumption and is a potential risk factor for early development of excess adiposity in multi-ethnic children. These results need to be confirmed in a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D. J. Lemas
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A. M. Lee
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D. R. Miller
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - T. Huo
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Y. C. Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J. R. Fernandez
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA,Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Shou J, Tran A, Snyder N, Bleem E, Kim S. Distinct Roles of GluA2-lacking AMPA Receptor Expression in Dopamine D1 or D2 Receptor Neurons in Animal Behavior. Neuroscience 2019; 398:102-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Feistauer V, Vitolo MR, Campagnolo PDB, Mattevi VS, Almeida S. Evaluation of association of DRD2 TaqIA and -141C InsDel polymorphisms with food intake and anthropometric data in children at the first stages of development. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:562-569. [PMID: 30044466 PMCID: PMC6136368 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The reward sensation after food intake may be different between individuals and variants in genes related to the dopaminergic system may indicate a different response in people exposed to the same environmental factors. This study investigated the association of TaqIA (rs1800497) and -141C InsDel (rs1799732) variants in DRD2/ANKK1 gene with food intake and adiposity parameters in a cohort of children. The sample consisted of 270 children followed until 7 to 8 years old. DNA was extracted from blood and polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP analysis. Food intake and nutritional status were compared among individuals with different SNP genotypes. Children carrying the A1 allele (TaqIA) had higher energy of lipid dense foods (LDF) when compared with A2/A2 homozygous children at 7 to 8 years old (GLM p=0.004; Mann Whitney p=0.005). No association was detected with -141C Ins/Del polymorphism. To our knowledge, this is the first association study of the DRD2 TaqIA and -141C Ins/Del polymorphism with food intake and anthropometric parameters in children. DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism has been associated with a reduction in D2 dopamine receptor availability. Therefore, the differences observed in LDF intake in our sample may occur as an effort to compensate the hypodopaminergic functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Feistauer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Vitolo
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula D B Campagnolo
- Curso de Nutrição, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S Mattevi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvana Almeida
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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19
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Barnard ND, Levin SM, Gloede L, Flores R. Turning the Waiting Room into a Classroom: Weekly Classes Using a Vegan or a Portion-Controlled Eating Plan Improve Diabetes Control in a Randomized Translational Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:1072-1079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Sukasem C, Vanwong N, Srisawasdi P, Ngamsamut N, Nuntamool N, Hongkaew Y, Puangpetch A, Chamkrachangpada B, Limsila P. Pharmacogenetics of Risperidone-Induced Insulin Resistance in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:42-50. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine; Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics; Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC); Ramathibodi Hospital; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Natchaya Vanwong
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine; Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics; Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC); Ramathibodi Hospital; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Pornpen Srisawasdi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry; Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; Ramathibodi Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Nattawat Ngamsamut
- Department of Mental Health Services; Yuwaprasart Waithayopathum Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital; Ministry of Public Health; Samut Prakan Thailand
| | - Nopphadol Nuntamool
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine; Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics; Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC); Ramathibodi Hospital; Bangkok Thailand
- Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Yaowaluck Hongkaew
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine; Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics; Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC); Ramathibodi Hospital; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Apichaya Puangpetch
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine; Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics; Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC); Ramathibodi Hospital; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Bhunnada Chamkrachangpada
- Department of Mental Health Services; Yuwaprasart Waithayopathum Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital; Ministry of Public Health; Samut Prakan Thailand
| | - Penkhae Limsila
- Department of Mental Health Services; Yuwaprasart Waithayopathum Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital; Ministry of Public Health; Samut Prakan Thailand
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21
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Kim S, Shou J, Abera S, Ziff EB. Sucrose withdrawal induces depression and anxiety-like behavior by Kir2.1 upregulation in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 2017; 130:10-17. [PMID: 29191750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dieting induces depression and anxiety among other emotional symptoms. Animal models indicate that repeated access to palatable foods such as sugar induces depression and anxiety-like behavior when the food is no longer available. However, the neurobiological mechanisms of how dietary restriction influences mood have not been fully understood. We used the two-bottle sucrose choice paradigm as an overeating and withdrawal model. Withdrawal after lengthy sucrose overeating elicited depression and anxiety-like behavior, which was reversed by sucrose reinstatement. In the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of sucrose withdrawal animals, dopamine levels and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) activity were significantly reduced, while the inwardly rectifying K+ channel, Kir2.1, was significantly elevated. In addition, overexpression of Kir2.1 selectively in neurons expressing dopamine D1 receptors was sufficient to induce negative mood-linked behavior in the absence of sucrose overeating experience. As elevated K+ channels reduce neuronal excitability, a sucrose withdrawal-induced increase in Kir2.1 expression is able to decrease NAc activity, which provides a cellular basis for depression and anxiety-like behavior in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States; Molecular Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States.
| | - Jiayi Shou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Sinedu Abera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Lagnone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Edward B Ziff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Lagnone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, United States
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Horstmann A. It wasn't me; it was my brain – Obesity-associated characteristics of brain circuits governing decision-making. Physiol Behav 2017; 176:125-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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A meta-analysis of the relationship between brain dopamine receptors and obesity: a matter of changes in behavior rather than food addiction? Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40 Suppl 1:S12-21. [PMID: 27001642 PMCID: PMC4819757 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Addiction to a wide range of substances of abuse has been suggested to reflect a ‘Reward Deficiency Syndrome'. That is, drugs are said to stimulate the reward mechanisms so intensely that, to compensate, the population of dopamine D2 receptors (DD2R) declines. The result is that an increased intake is necessary to experience the same degree of reward. Without an additional intake, cravings and withdrawal symptoms result. A suggestion is that food addiction, in a similar manner to drugs of abuse, decrease DD2R. The role of DD2R in obesity was therefore examined by examining the association between body mass index (BMI) and the Taq1A polymorphism, as the A1 allele is associated with a 30–40% lower number of DD2R, and is a risk factor for drug addiction. If a lower density of DD2R is indicative of physical addiction, it was argued that if food addiction occurs, those with the A1 allele should have a higher BMI. A systematic review found 33 studies that compared the BMI of those who did and did not have the A1 allele. A meta-analysis of the studies compared those with (A1/A1 and A1/A2) or without (A2/A2) the A1 allele; no difference in BMI was found (standardized mean difference 0.004 (s.e. 0.021), variance 0.000, Z=0.196, P<0.845). It was concluded that there was no support for a reward deficiency theory of food addiction. In contrast, there are several reports that those with the A1 allele are less able to benefit from an intervention that aimed to reduce weight, possibly a reflection of increased impulsivity.
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Association of the dopamine D2 receptor rs1800497 polymorphism and eating behavior in Chilean children. Nutrition 2016; 35:139-145. [PMID: 28241982 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have established a strong genetic component in eating behavior. The TaqI A1 polymorphism (rs1800497) has previously been associated with obesity and eating behavior. Additionally, this polymorphism has been associated with diminished dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) density, higher body mass, and food reinforcement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the DRD2 rs1800497 polymorphism and eating behavior in Chilean children. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which we selected 258 children (44% girls, 56% boys; ages 8-14 y) with a wide variation in body mass index. Anthropometric measurements were performed by standard procedures. Eating behavior was assessed using the Eating in Absence of Hunger Questionnaire (EAHQ), Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and the Food Reinforcement Value Questionnaire. Genotype of the rs1800497 was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Association of the TaqI A1 variant (T allele) with eating behavior was assessed using nonparametric tests. RESULTS Compared with normal-weight children, the obese group demonstrated higher scores on the External Eating and Fatigue/Boredom subscales of the EAHQ. Higher scores were assessed in Food Responsiveness, Emotional Overeating, Enjoyment to Food and Desire to Drink subscales (P < 0.001) and lower scores of the Satiety Responsiveness and Slowness in Eating (P < 0.05). In the sex-specific analysis, the TaqI A1 allele was associated with higher scores on Satiety Responsiveness and Emotional Undereating subscales in obese girls, and higher scores of Enjoyment of Food subscale in boys. CONCLUSION The TaqI A1 polymorphism may be a risk factor for eating behavior traits that may predispose children to greater energy intake and obesity.
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Temple JL. Behavioral sensitization of the reinforcing value of food: What food and drugs have in common. Prev Med 2016; 92:90-99. [PMID: 27346758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sensitization is a basic property of the nervous system whereby repeated exposure to a stimulus results in an increase in responding to that stimulus. This increase in responding contributes to difficulty with treatment of drug abuse, as stimuli associated with substance use become signals or triggers for drug craving and relapse. Our work over the past decade has applied the theoretical framework of incentive sensitization to overeating. We have shown, in several studies, that lean adults do not commonly demonstrate behavioral sensitization after repeated exposure to snack food, but a subset of obese adults reliably does. This review will discuss this change in behavioral response to repeated consumption of snack food in obese individuals and apply the theoretical framework of incentive sensitization to drugs of abuse to high fat/high sugar snack foods. We will also show data that suggest that behavioral sensitization to repeated administration of snack food is predictive of weight gain, which may enhance its utility as a diagnostic tool for identifying at-risk individuals for obesity. Finally, we will discuss the future directions of this line of research, including studying the phenomenon in children and adolescents and determining if similar principles can be used to increase motivation to eat healthier food. A combination of reductions in unhealthy food intake and increases and healthy food intake is necessary to reduce obesity rates and improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Temple
- Departments of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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Beeler JA, Faust RP, Turkson S, Ye H, Zhuang X. Low Dopamine D2 Receptor Increases Vulnerability to Obesity Via Reduced Physical Activity, Not Increased Appetitive Motivation. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:887-97. [PMID: 26281715 PMCID: PMC4728060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) has received much attention in obesity studies. Data indicate that D2R is reduced in obesity and that the TaqA1 D2R variant may be more prevalent among obese persons. It is often suggested that reduced D2R generates a reward deficiency and altered appetitive motivation that induces compulsive eating and contributes to obesity. Although dopamine is known to regulate physical activity, it is often neglected in these studies, leaving open the question of whether reduced D2R contributes to obesity through alterations in energy expenditure and activity. METHODS We generated a D2R knockdown (KD) mouse line and assessed both energy expenditure and appetitive motivation under conditions of diet-induced obesity. RESULTS The KD mice did not gain more weight or show increased appetitive motivation compared with wild-type mice in a standard environment; however, in an enriched environment with voluntary exercise opportunities, KD mice exhibited dramatically lower activity and became more obese than wild-type mice, obtaining no protective benefit from exercise opportunities. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest the primary contribution of altered D2R signaling to obesity lies in altered energy expenditure rather than the induction of compulsive overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff A. Beeler
- Dept. of Psychology, Queens College and the Graduate Center, CUNY, Flushing, NY, 11367 USA,Dept. of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Rudolf P. Faust
- Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Susie Turkson
- Dept. of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Honggang Ye
- Dept. of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Xiaoxi Zhuang
- Dept. of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
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Yeh J, Trang A, Henning SM, Wilhalme H, Carpenter C, Heber D, Li Z. Food cravings, food addiction, and a dopamine-resistant (DRD2 A1) receptor polymorphism in Asian American college students. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2016; 25:424-9. [PMID: 27222427 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.102015.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In an era where obesity remains an important public health concern, food addiction has emerged as a possible contributor to obesity. The DRD2 gene is the most studied polymorphism. The aim of this study was to investigate a relationship between food addiction questionnaires, body composition measurements, and a dopamine- resistant receptor polymorphism (DRD2 A1) among Asian Americans. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A total of 84 Asian American college students were recruited. Participants underwent body composition measurement via bioelectrical impedance, answered questionnaires (Food Craving Inventory and Power of Food Scale), and had blood drawn for genotyping (PCR). RESULTS There was no difference in body composition (BMI, percent body fat) between the A1 (A1A1 or A1A2) and A2 (A2A2) groups. There were statistically significant differences in food cravings of carbohydrates and fast food on the Food Craving Inventory between the A1 and A2 groups (p=0.03), but not for sugar or fat. Among Asian college females, there was also a difference on the Power of Food questionnaire (p=0.04), which was not seen among men. 13 out of 55 women also had >30% body fat at a BMI of 21.4 to 28.5 kg/m2. CONCLUSION Greater carbohydrate and fast food craving was associated with the DRD2 A1 versus A2 allele among Asian Americans. Further studies examining the ability of dopamine agonists to affect food craving and to reduce body fat in Asian American are warranted. More studies in food addiction among obese Asian Americans are needed with careful definition of obesity, specifically for Asian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Yeh
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Amy Trang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Holly Wilhalme
- Department of Medicine, Statistics Core, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - David Heber
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Dang LC, Samanez-Larkin GR, Castrellon JJ, Perkins SF, Cowan RL, Zald DH. Associations between dopamine D2 receptor availability and BMI depend on age. Neuroimage 2016; 138:176-183. [PMID: 27208860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The dopamine D2/3 receptor subtypes (DRD2/3) are the most widely studied neurotransmitter biomarker in research on obesity, but results to date have been inconsistent, have typically involved small samples, and have rarely accounted for subjects' ages despite the large impact of age on DRD2/3 levels. We aimed to clarify the relation between DRD2/3 availability and BMI by examining this association in a large sample of subjects with BMI spanning the continuum from underweight to extremely obese. SUBJECTS 130 healthy subjects between 18 and 81years old underwent PET with [18F]fallypride, a high affinity DRD2/3 ligand. RESULTS As expected, DRD2/3 availability declined with age. Critically, age significantly interacted with DRD2/3 availability in predicting BMI in the midbrain and striatal regions (caudate, putamen, and ventral striatum). Among subjects under 30years old, BMI was not associated with DRD2/3 availability. By contrast, among subjects over 30years old, BMI was positively associated with DRD2/3 availability in the midbrain, putamen, and ventral striatum. CONCLUSION The present results are incompatible with the prominent dopaminergic hypofunction hypothesis that proposes that a reduction in DRD2/3 availability is associated with increased BMI, and highlights the importance of age in assessing correlates of DRD2/3 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh C Dang
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 219 Wilson Hall, 111 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
| | | | - Jaime J Castrellon
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 219 Wilson Hall, 111 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Scott F Perkins
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 219 Wilson Hall, 111 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Ronald L Cowan
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1601 23rd Ave South, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 219 Wilson Hall, 111 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1601 23rd Ave South, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Gragnoli C, Reeves GM, Reazer J, Postolache TT. Dopamine-prolactin pathway potentially contributes to the schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes comorbidity. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e785. [PMID: 27093067 PMCID: PMC4872408 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are clinically associated, and common knowledge attributes this association to side effects of antipsychotic treatment. However, even drug-naive patients with SCZ are at increased risk for T2D. Dopamine dysfunction has a central role in SCZ. It is well-known that dopamine constitutively inhibits prolactin (PRL) secretion via the dopamine receptor 2 (DR2D). If dopamine is increased or if dopamine receptors hyperfunction, PRL may be reduced. During the first SCZ episode, low PRL levels are associated with worse symptoms. PRL is essential in human and social bonding, as well as it is implicated in glucose homeostasis. Dopamine dysfunction, beyond contributing to SCZ symptoms, may lead to altered appetite and T2D. To our knowledge, there are no studies of the genetics of the SCZ-T2D comorbidity focusing jointly on the dopamine and PRL pathway in the attempt to capture molecular heterogeneity correlated to possible disease manifestation heterogeneity. In this dopamine-PRL pathway-focused-hypothesis-driven review on the association of SCZ with T2D, we report a specific revision of what it is known about PRL and dopamine in relation to what we theorize is one of the missing links between the two disorders. We suggest that new studies are necessary to establish the genetic role of PRL and dopamine pathway in SCZ-T2D comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA,Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, Italy,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, 653-1 West 8th Street, Learning Resource Center, L14, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA. E-mail:
| | - G M Reeves
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Reazer
- Borland Health Sciences Library, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - T T Postolache
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA,Veterans Integrated Service Network 5 MIRECC, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Impact of Pharmacogenetic Markers of CYP2D6 and DRD2 on Prolactin Response in Risperidone-Treated Thai Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2016; 36:141-6. [PMID: 26872113 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify the impact of pharmacogenetic markers associated with prolactin concentration in risperidone-treated children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. METHODS One hundred forty-seven children and adolescents with autism, aged 3 to 19 years, received risperidone. The clinical data of patients were recorded from medical records. Prolactin levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Three CYP2D6 single nucleotide polymorphisms, CYP2D6*4 (1846G>A), *10 (100C>T), and *41 (2988G>A), 1 gene deletion (*5), and DRD2 Taq1A (rs1800497) polymorphism were genotyped by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The 3 common allelic frequencies were CYP2D6*10 (55.10%), *1 (32.65%), and *5 (6.12%), respectively. Patients were grouped according to their CYP2D6 genotypes. There was no significant correlation between the concentrations of prolactin among the CYP2D6 genotypes. In addition, there were no statistical differences in the prolactin response among the CYP2D6-predicted phenotypes of extensive metabolizer and intermediate metabolizer. The DRD2 genotype frequencies were Taq1A A2A2 (38.77%), A1A2 (41.50%), and A1A1 (19.73%), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in prolactin level of patients among the 3 groups (P = 0.033). The median prolactin level in patients with DRD2 Taq1A A2A2 (17.80 ng/mL) was significantly higher than A1A2 (17.10 ng/mL) and A1A1 (12.70 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS DRD2 Taq1A A2A2 polymorphisms may play a significant role in the hyperprolactinemia- associated with risperidone treatment in children and adolescent with autism spectrum disorder. Many drugs used chronically in psychiatric diseases exert their effects mainly through the dopamine D2 receptor. It is therefore possible that these drugs could alter the expression of any dopamine receptor, thus affecting the pharmacodynamics characteristics and toxicity of drug substrates during pharmacotherapy.
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Berland C, Cansell C, Hnasko TS, Magnan C, Luquet S. Dietary triglycerides as signaling molecules that influence reward and motivation. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2016; 9:126-135. [PMID: 28191490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The reinforcing and motivational aspects of food are tied to the release of the dopamine in the mesolimbic system (ML). Free fatty acids from triglyceride (TG)-rich particles are released upon action of TG-lipases found at high levels in peripheral oxidative tissue (muscle, heart), but also in the ML. This suggests that local TG-hydrolysis in the ML might regulate food seeking and reward. Indeed, evidence now suggests that dietary TG directly target the ML to regulate amphetamine-induced locomotion and reward seeking behavior. Though the cellular mechanisms of TG action are unresolved, TG act in part through ML lipoprotein lipase, upstream of dopamine 2 receptor (D2R), and show desensitization in conditions of chronically elevated plasma TG as occur in obesity. TG sensing in the ML therefore represents a new mechanism by which chronic consumption of dietary fat might lead to adaptations in the ML and dysregulated feeding behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Berland
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France; Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München/Neuherberg, Germany; Div. of Metabolic Diseases, Dept. of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Céline Cansell
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France; CNRS, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France
| | - Thomas S Hnasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Serge Luquet
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France
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Davydov DM, Nurbekov MK. Central and peripheral pathogenetic forms of type 2 diabetes: a proof-of-concept study. Endocr Connect 2016; 5:55-64. [PMID: 26846149 PMCID: PMC8450667 DOI: 10.1530/ec-16-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Previous studies provide evidence that glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) should not be considered as interchangeable alternatives in the diagnosis of the same type 2 diabetes, but as indicators of its different pathogenetic subtypes. This study was conducted to determine whether a particularly high amount of glucose in either HbA1c form or in fasting plasma would be found in diabetic patients genetically predisposed for either intensive cognitive or intensive muscle metabolic activity, respectively. METHODS HbA1c and FPG levels, polymorphisms of genes indicating the predisposition to different cognitive activity (the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2/ANKK1)), muscle activity (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1A(PPARGC1A))), and vascular regulation of general metabolic activity (the angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE)) were assessed in diabetic patients and nondiabetic controls. RESULTS DRD2/ANKK1 polymorphism that affects baseline central arousal determined HbA1c variations uncorrelated with FPG in total and clinical groups. The mutation of PGC1A mainly affecting peripheral glucose metabolism had an effect on FPG correlated or uncorrelated with HbA1c depending on the effect assessment in the total sample or in the nondiabetic group, respectively. ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism was associated with both HbA1c and FPG fluctuations, but only in diabetic patients. CONCLUSION The findings provide evidence that the HbA1c and FPG may predict the risks for different subtypes of type 2 diabetes associated with either brain or muscle metabolic activity in genetically vulnerable people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M Davydov
- Laboratory of NeuroimmunopathologyInstitute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Malik K Nurbekov
- Laboratory of SociogenomicsMoscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) has been long deemed as a hormone involved only in female reproduction. However, PRL is a surprising hormone and, since its identification in the 1970s, its attributed functions have greatly increased. However, its specific role in male health is still widely unknown. Recently, low PRL has been associated with reduced ejaculate and seminal vesicle volume in infertile subjects. In addition, in men consulting for sexual dysfunction, hypoprolactinemia has been associated with erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation, findings further confirmed in the general European population and infertile men. Several metabolic derangements, recapitulating metabolic syndrome, have also been associated with low PRL both in men with sexual dysfunction and from the general European population. In men with sexual dysfunction, followed-up for more than 4 years, low PRL was identified as an independent predictor of the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events. Finally, an association with anxiety or depressive symptoms has been found in men with sexual dysfunction and from the general European population. While a direct role for impaired PRL function in the pathogenesis of these reproductive, sexual, metabolic and psychological disorders is conceivable, the possibility that low PRL is a mirror of an increased dopaminergic or a decreased serotonergic tone cannot be ruled-out. Hyperactivity of the dopaminergic system can explain only a few of the aforementioned findings, whereas a hypo-serotonergic tone fits well with the clinical features associated with low PRL, and there is significant evidence supporting the hypothesis that PRL could be a mirror of serotonin in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rastrelli
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corona
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology Section, Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 2, 40133, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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Probst Y, Zammit G. Predictors for Reporting of Dietary Assessment Methods in Food-based Randomized Controlled Trials over a Ten-year Period. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.816653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Blum K, Thanos PK, Gold MS. Dopamine and glucose, obesity, and reward deficiency syndrome. Front Psychol 2014; 5:919. [PMID: 25278909 PMCID: PMC4166230 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity as a result of overeating as well as a number of well described eating disorders has been accurately considered to be a world-wide epidemic. Recently a number of theories backed by a plethora of scientifically sound neurochemical and genetic studies provide strong evidence that food addiction is similar to psychoactive drug addiction. Our laboratory has published on the concept known as Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) which is a genetic and epigenetic phenomena leading to impairment of the brain reward circuitry resulting in a hypo-dopaminergic function. RDS involves the interactions of powerful neurotransmitters and results in abnormal craving behavior. A number of important facts which could help translate to potential therapeutic targets espoused in this focused review include: (1) consumption of alcohol in large quantities or carbohydrates binging stimulates the brain’s production of and utilization of dopamine; (2) in the meso-limbic system the enkephalinergic neurons are in close proximity, to glucose receptors; (3) highly concentrated glucose activates the calcium channel to stimulate dopamine release from P12 cells; (4) a significant correlation between blood glucose and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of homovanillic acid the dopamine metabolite; (5) 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), the glucose analog, in pharmacological doses is associated with enhanced dopamine turnover and causes acute glucoprivation. Evidence from animal studies and fMRI in humans support the hypothesis that multiple, but similar brain circuits are disrupted in obesity and drug dependence and for the most part, implicate the involvement of DA-modulated reward circuits in pathologic eating behaviors. Based on a consensus of neuroscience research treatment of both glucose and drug like cocaine, opiates should incorporate dopamine agonist therapy in contrast to current theories and practices that utilizes dopamine antagonistic therapy. Considering that up until now clinical utilization of powerful dopamine D2 agonists have failed due to chronic down regulation of D2 receptors newer targets based on novel less powerful D2 agonists that up-regulate D2 receptors seems prudent. We encourage new strategies targeted at improving DA function in the treatment and prevention of obesity a subtype of reward deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA ; Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Malibu Beach Recovery Center Malibu Beach, CA, USA
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavior Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Psychology, State University of New York Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Mark S Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA ; Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Malibu Beach Recovery Center Malibu Beach, CA, USA
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Guigas B, de Leeuw van Weenen JE, van Leeuwen N, Simonis-Bik AM, van Haeften TW, Nijpels G, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Beekman M, Deelen J, Havekes LM, Penninx BWJH, Vogelzangs N, van 't Riet E, Dehghan A, Hofman A, Witteman JC, Uitterlinden AG, Grarup N, Jørgensen T, Witte DR, Lauritzen T, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Hottenga J, Romijn JA, Diamant M, Kramer MHH, Heine RJ, Willemsen G, Dekker JM, Eekhoff EM, Pijl H, de Geus EJ, Slagboom PE, 't Hart LM. Sex-specific effects of naturally occurring variants in the dopamine receptor D2 locus on insulin secretion and type 2 diabetes susceptibility. Diabet Med 2014; 31:1001-8. [PMID: 24724616 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Modulation of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) activity affects insulin secretion in both rodents and isolated pancreatic β-cells. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the DRD2/ANKK1 locus may affect susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in humans. METHODS Four potentially functional variants in the coding region of the DRD2/ANKK1 locus (rs1079597, rs6275, rs6277, rs1800497) were genotyped and analysed for type 2 diabetes susceptibility in up to 25 000 people (8148 with type 2 diabetes and 17687 control subjects) from two large independent Dutch cohorts and one Danish cohort. In addition, 340 Dutch subjects underwent a 2-h hyperglycaemic clamp to investigate insulin secretion. Since sexual dimorphic associations related to DRD2 polymorphisms have been previously reported, we also performed a gender-stratified analysis. RESULTS rs1800497 at the DRD2/ANKK1 locus was associated with a significantly increased risk for type 2 diabetes in women (odds ratio 1.14 (1.06-1.23); P = 4.1*10⁴) but not in men (odds ratio 1.00 (95% CI 0.93-1.07); P = 0.92) or the combined group. Although rs1800497 was not associated with insulin secretion, we did find another single nucleotide polymorphism in this locus, rs6275, to be associated with increased first-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in women (P = 5.5*10⁴) but again not in men (P = 0.34). CONCLUSION The present data identify DRD2/ANKK1 as a potential sex-specific type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guigas
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Appel L, Bergström M, Buus Lassen J, Långström B. Tesofensine, a novel triple monoamine re-uptake inhibitor with anti-obesity effects: dopamine transporter occupancy as measured by PET. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:251-61. [PMID: 24239329 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tesofensine (TE) is a novel triple monoamine re-uptake inhibitor inducing a potent inhibition of the re-uptake process in the synaptic cleft of the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. In recent preclinical and clinical evaluations TE showed a robust anti-obesity effect, but the specific mechanism of this triple monoamine re-uptake inhibitor still needs to be further elucidated. This positron emission tomography (PET) study, using [¹¹C]βCIT-FE, aimed to assess the degree of the dopamine transporter (DAT) occupancy, at constant TE plasma levels, following different oral, multiple doses of TE during totally 8-12 days. In addition, the relationships between DAT occupancy and TE plasma concentrations, or doses, were investigated to enable assessment of DAT occupancies in subsequent clinical trials. The results demonstrated that TE induced a dose-dependent blockade of DAT following multiple doses of 0.125-1 mg TE at anticipated steady-state conditions. The mean striatal DAT occupancy varied dose-dependently between 18% and 77%. A sigmoid E(max) model well described the relationship between striatal DAT occupancy and TE plasma concentrations or doses. It was estimated that the maximum achievable DAT occupancy was about 80% and that half of this effect was accomplished by approximately 0.25 mg TE and a plasma drug concentration of 4 ng/ml. The results indicated an important mechanism of action of TE on DAT. Further, these results suggest that the previously reported dose-dependent weight loss, in TE treated subjects, was in part mediated by an up-regulation of dopaminergic pathways due to enhanced amounts of synaptic dopamine after blockade of DAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieuwe Appel
- PET Centre, Department of Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Section of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Radiology, Oncology, and Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mats Bergström
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Bengt Långström
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET & Cyclotron Unit, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Roman S, Zepeda-Carrillo EA, Moreno-Luna LE, Panduro A. Alcoholism and liver disease in Mexico: Genetic and environmental factors. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:7972-7982. [PMID: 24307790 PMCID: PMC3848144 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i44.7972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism and cirrhosis, which are two of the most serious health problems worldwide, have a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes. Both diseases are influenced by genetic susceptibility and cultural traits that differ globally but are specific for each population. In contrast to other regions around the world, Mexicans present the highest drinking score and a high mortality rate for alcoholic liver disease with an intermediate category level of per capita alcohol consumption. Mexico has a unique history of alcohol consumption that is linked to profound anthropological and social aspects. The Mexican population has an admixture genome inherited from different races, Caucasian, Amerindian and African, with a heterogeneous distribution within the country. Thus, genes related to alcohol addiction, such as dopamine receptor D2 in the brain, or liver alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, such as alcohol dehydrogenase class I polypeptide B, cytochrome P450 2E1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase class 2, may vary from one individual to another. Furthermore, they may be inherited as risk or non-risk haplogroups that confer susceptibility or resistance either to alcohol addiction or abusive alcohol consumption and possibly liver disease. Thus, in this era of genomics, personalized medicine will benefit patients if it is directed according to individual or population-based data. Additional association studies will be required to establish novel strategies for the prevention, care and treatment of liver disease in Mexico and worldwide.
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Rudenga KJ, Small DM. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex response to concentrated sucrose reflects liking rather than sweet quality coding. Chem Senses 2013; 38:585-94. [PMID: 23828907 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjt029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The perception of the pleasantness of sweet tastes varies widely across individuals. Here, we exploit these differences to isolate brain response to sweet-taste pleasantness while controlling for intensity, quality, and physiological significance. Thirty subjects participated in functional MRI scanning while consuming individually calibrated weak and strong sucrose solutions. All subjects found the weak sweet taste to be neutral in pleasantness, but half of the subjects found strong sweet taste pleasant (likers), whereas half found strong sweet taste unpleasant (dislikers). Greater response was observed in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to the sucrose when it was rated pleasant versus neutral compared with unpleasant versus neutral. This suggests that response in the vmPFC underlies sweet-taste preference, this region is preferentially sensitive to affectively positive tastes, and it is the positive value rather than physiological significance, quality, or intensity that drives responses here. Likers versus dislikers did not differ in their diet, alcohol use, body weight, gender, or taq1A allele status, but likers were more likely to report emotional eating. None of these factors influenced response in the vmPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Rudenga
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Vinik AI, Cincotta AH, Scranton RE, Bohannon N, Ezrokhi M, Gaziano JM. Effect of bromocriptine-QR on glycemic control in subjects with uncontrolled hyperglycemia on one or two oral anti-diabetes agents. Endocr Pract 2013. [PMID: 23186965 DOI: 10.4158/ep12187.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Bromocriptine-QR on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes whose glycemia is poorly controlled on one or two oral anti-diabetes agents. METHODS Five hundred fifteen Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) subjects (ages 18 to 80 and average body mass index [BMI] of 32.7) with baseline HbA1c ≥ 7.5 and on one or two oral anti-diabetes (OAD) medications (metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or thiazolidinediones) were randomized 2:1 to bromocriptine-QR (1.6 to 4.8 mg/day) or placebo for a 24 week treatment period. Study investigators were allowed to adjust, if necessary, subject anti-diabetes medications during the study to attempt to achieve glycemic control in case of glycemic deterioration. The impact of bromocriptine-QR treatment intervention on glycemic control was assessed in subjects on any one or two OADs (ALL treatment category) (N = 515), or on metformin with or without another OAD (Met/OAD treatment category) (N = 356), or on metformin plus a sulfonylurea (Met/SU treatment category) (N = 245) 1) by examining the between group difference in change from baseline a) concomitant OAD medication changes during the study, and b) HbA1c and 2) by determining the odds of reaching HbA1c of ≤ 7.0% on bromocriptine-QR versus placebo. RESULTS Significantly more patients (approximately 1.5 to 2-fold more; P<.05) intensified concomitant anti-diabetes medication therapy during the study in the placebo versus the bromocriptine-QR arm. In subjects that did not change the intensity of the baseline diabetes therapy (72%), and that were on any one or two OADs (ALL), or on metformin with or without another OAD (Met/OAD), or on metformin plus sulfonylurea (Met/SU), the HbA1c change for bromocriptine-QR versus placebo was -0.47 versus +0.22 (between group delta of -0.69, P<.0001), -0.55 versus +0.26 (between group delta of -0.81, P<.0001) and -0.63 versus +0.20 (between group delta of -0.83, P<.0001) respectively, after 24 weeks on therapy. The odds ratio of reaching HbA1c of ≤ 7.0% was 6.50, 12.03 and 11.45 (P<.0002) for these three groups, respectively. CONCLUSION In T2DM subjects whose hyperglycemia is poorly controlled on one or two oral agents, bromocriptine-QR therapy for 24 weeks can provide significant added improvement in glycemic control relative to adding placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron I Vinik
- Strelitz Diabetes Center and Neuroendocrine Unit, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Dopamine D2 receptors and striatopallidal transmission in addiction and obesity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:535-8. [PMID: 23726225 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction and obesity share the core feature that those afflicted by the disorders express a desire to limit drug or food consumption yet persist despite negative consequences. Emerging evidence suggests that the compulsivity that defines these disorders may arise, to some degree at least, from common underlying neurobiological mechanisms. In particular, both disorders are associated with diminished striatal dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) availability, likely reflecting their decreased maturation and surface expression. In striatum, D2Rs are expressed by approximately half of the principal medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs), the striatopallidal neurons of the so-called 'indirect' pathway. D2Rs are also expressed presynaptically on dopamine terminals and on cholinergic interneurons. This heterogeneity of D2R expression has hindered attempts, largely using traditional pharmacological approaches, to understand their contribution to compulsive drug or food intake. The emergence of genetic technologies to target discrete populations of neurons, coupled to optogenetic and chemicogenetic tools to manipulate their activity, have provided a means to dissect striatopallidal and cholinergic contributions to compulsivity. Here, we review recent evidence supporting an important role for striatal D2R signaling in compulsive drug use and food intake. We pay particular attention to striatopallidal projection neurons and their role in compulsive responding for food and drugs. Finally, we identify opportunities for future obesity research using known mechanisms of addiction as a heuristic, and leveraging new tools to manipulate activity of specific populations of striatal neurons to understand their contributions to addiction and obesity.
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Col Araz N, Nacak M, Oguzkan Balci S, Benlier N, Araz M, Pehlivan S, Balat A, Aynacioglu AS. Childhood Obesity and the Role of Dopamine D2 Receptor and Cannabinoid Receptor-1 Gene Polymorphisms. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:1408-12. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nilgun Col Araz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep University Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Muradiye Nacak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep University Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Sibel Oguzkan Balci
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep University Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Necla Benlier
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep University Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Araz
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep University Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Sacide Pehlivan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep University Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ayse Balat
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep University Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - A. Sukru Aynacioglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep University Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
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TaqIA polymorphism in dopamine D2 receptor gene complicates weight maintenance in younger obese patients. Nutrition 2012; 28:996-1001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Cameron JD, Riou MÈ, Tesson F, Goldfield GS, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Brochu M, Doucet É. The TaqIA RFLP is associated with attenuated intervention-induced body weight loss and increased carbohydrate intake in post-menopausal obese women. Appetite 2012; 60:111-116. [PMID: 23032305 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polymorphisms of the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene have been associated with obesity phenotypes. Our aim was to examine if the genotype of TaqIA Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFPL) was related to an attenuated weight loss response or to changes in energy expenditure (EE) and food preference before and after weight loss. methods: Obese post-menopausal women (age=57.1 ± 4.6 yr, weight=85.4 ± 15.4 kg and BMI=32.8 ± 4.5 kg/m(2)) were genotyped for TaqIA (n=127) by using PCR-RFLP analysis and categorized as possessing at least one copy of the A1 allele (A1(+)) or no copy (A1(-)). Women were randomized into two groups, caloric restriction (CR) and caloric restriction+resistance training (CRRT) and in this study were further classified as follows: A1(+)CR, A1(+)CRRT, A1-(-)CR and (-)A1(-)CRRT. Body composition, total daily EE, physical activity EE, Resting EE (REE), and energy intake were obtained at baseline and post-intervention using DXA, doubly-labeled water, indirect calorimetry, and 3-day dietary records, respectively. RESULTS Overall, all of the anthropometric variables and REE significantly decreased post-intervention (p<0.001). Women in the CRRT group lost significantly more fat mass (FM) than the CR women (p<0.05). There were significant time by group by allele interactions for attenuated body weight (BW), BMI, and FM loss for A1(+) (vs. A1(-)) in CRRT (p<0.05) and for increased % carbohydrate intake (p<0.01). CONCLUSION TaqIA genotype was associated with body weight loss post-intervention; more specifically, carriers of the A1 allele lost significantly less BW and FM than the A1(-) and had increased carbohydrate intake in the CRRT group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Ève Riou
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Frédérique Tesson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5; Children's Hospital of Eastern Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Montreal Institute for Clinical Research (IRCM), Montréal, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC) of Centre de Recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Martin Brochu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Research Centre on Aging, Social Services and Health Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5.
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Davis C, Levitan RD, Yilmaz Z, Kaplan AS, Carter JC, Kennedy JL. Binge eating disorder and the dopamine D2 receptor: genotypes and sub-phenotypes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 38:328-35. [PMID: 22579533 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While the study of binge eating disorder (BED) has burgeoned in the past decade, an understanding of its neurobiological underpinnings is still in the early stages. Previous research suggests that BED may be an overeating syndrome characterized by a hyper-responsiveness to reward, and a strong dopamine signaling in the neuro-circuitry that regulates pleasure and appetitive behaviors. We investigated the D2 receptors genes (DRD2/ANKK1) and their relation to the BED phenotype and four sub-phenotypes of BED that reflect an enhanced response to positive food stimuli. METHODS In a sample of 230 obese adults with and without BED, we genotyped five functional markers of the D2 receptor: rs1800497, rs1799732, rs2283265, rs12364283, and rs6277, and assessed binge eating, emotional eating, hedonic eating, and food craving from dimensionally-scored, self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Compared to weight-matched controls, BED was significantly related to the rs1800497 and rs6277 genotypes that reflect enhanced dopamine neurotransmission. BED participants were also less likely to carry the minor T allele of rs2283265. The same markers related to the sub-phenotypes of BED with rs1800497 showing the strongest effects in the predicted direction. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the view that BED may be a condition that has its causal origins in a hypersensitivity to reward - a predisposition that is likely to foster overeating in our current environment with abundant availability of highly palatable and calorically-dense processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Davis
- Kinesiology & Health Sciences, York University, Toronto, Canada M3J1P3.
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Kim OY, Lee SM, Chung JH, Do HJ, Moon J, Shin MJ. Arginase I and the very low-density lipoprotein receptor are associated with phenotypic biomarkers for obesity. Nutrition 2012; 28:635-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Incidence and risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in Texas Latinos: implications for prevention research. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35573. [PMID: 22530052 PMCID: PMC3329468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in the U.S. despite a decline in cancer overall. Latinos have higher rates of HCC than the general population according to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Not included in SEER, Texas Latinos make up one-fifth of the U.S. Latino population. To determine whether HCC incidence differs among U.S. and Texas Latinos, this descriptive study compares HCC incidence from 1995 through 2006 among three Latino populations: U.S. SEER, Texas overall and a South Texas subset. To identify lines of prevention research, we compare prevalence of known HCC risk factors among these Latino groups. Methods Data were collected from the U.S. SEER Program, Texas Cancer Registry and Texas Department of State Health Services (TDSHS). Annual age-specific and age-adjusted HCC incidence rates, annual percent changes (APCs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated as well as prevalence of obesity, diabetes, heavy alcohol use and cigarette smoking. Results Of the three Latino groups compared, South Texas Latinos had the highest age-adjusted HCC incidence rates and SEER Latinos had the lowest (10.6/100,000 (10.1–11.1) and 7.5/100,000 (7.2–7.7), respectively). HCC incidence significantly increased over time (APCs>0) among Latinos in all three geographic groups. Between 1995 and 2006, there was an increase in obesity among all three populations, and obesity was highest among South Texas Latinos. Diabetes increased among U.S. Latinos, and Latino women in South Texas had significantly higher diabetes prevalence than U.S. Latino women. Cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol use were similar among groups. Conclusions The incidence of HCC among Latinos in South Texas is higher than elsewhere in the United States. Higher rates of HCC among Texas and South Texas Latinos may be associated with greater prevalence of obesity and diabetes, risk factors for HCC that are amenable to intervention.
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Rautio N, Jokelainen J, Oksa H, Saaristo T, Peltonen M, Puolijoki H, Tuomilehto J, Vanhala M, Moilanen L, Uusitupa M, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S. Family history of diabetes and effectiveness of lifestyle counselling on the cardio-metabolic risk profile in individuals at high risk of Type 2 diabetes: 1-year follow-up of the FIN-D2D project. Diabet Med 2012; 29:207-11. [PMID: 21781153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether a positive family history of diabetes is associated with the effectiveness of lifestyle counselling on cardio-metabolic risk factors and glucose tolerance status in a 1-year follow-up in a cohort of Finnish men and women at high risk for Type 2 diabetes. METHODS Altogether, 10,149 individuals who had high risk of Type 2 diabetes participated in the implementation programme of the national diabetes prevention programme at baseline. One-year follow-up data were available for 2798 individuals without diabetes. Family history of diabetes was based on self-report. Lifestyle interventions were individual or groups sessions on lifestyle changes. The effectiveness of lifestyle intervention was measured as changes in cardiovascular risk factors, glucose tolerance status and incidence of Type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Family history was associated with the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention in men, but not in women. During the 1-year follow-up, body weight, BMI, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and score for 10-year risk for fatal cardiovascular disease (SCORE) decreased and glucose tolerance status improved more in men without a family history of diabetes than in men with a family history of diabetes. Of the participating men and women, 10% and 5% developed Type 2 diabetes, respectively. Family history was not related to the incidence of Type 2 diabetes in either gender. CONCLUSIONS Men without a family history of diabetes were more successful in responding to lifestyle counselling with regard to cardio-metabolic measurements and glucose tolerance than those with a family history of diabetes. Similar results were not seen in women. In keeping with findings from earlier studies, the prevention of Type 2 diabetes is not influenced by a family history of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rautio
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland.
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Chen ALC, Blum K, Chen TJH, Giordano J, Downs BW, Han D, Barh D, Braverman ER. Correlation of the Taq1 dopamine D2 receptor gene and percent body fat in obese and screened control subjects: A preliminary report. Food Funct 2012; 3:40-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Panariello F, Polsinelli G, Borlido C, Monda M, De Luca V. The role of leptin in antipsychotic-induced weight gain: genetic and non-genetic factors. J Obes 2012; 2012:572848. [PMID: 22523667 PMCID: PMC3317122 DOI: 10.1155/2012/572848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and disabling mental illness affecting millions of people worldwide. A greater proportion of people with schizophrenia tends to be overweight. Antipsychotic medications have been considered the primary risk factor for obesity in schizophrenia, although the mechanisms by which they increase weight and produce metabolic disturbances are unclear. Several lines of research indicate that leptin could be a good candidate involved in pathways linking antipsychotic treatment and weight gain. Leptin is a circulating hormone released by adipocytes in response to increased fat deposition to regulate body weight, acting through receptors in the hypothalamus. In this work, we reviewed preclinical, clinical, and genetic data in order to infer the potential role played by leptin in antipsychotic-induced weight gain considering two main hypotheses: (1) leptin is an epiphenomenon of weight gain; (2) leptin is a consequence of antipsychotic-induced "leptin-resistance status," causing weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Panariello
- Spedali Civili Brescia, Department Mental Health, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gina Polsinelli
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, room 30, 250 College street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Carol Borlido
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, room 30, 250 College street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, room 30, 250 College street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
- *Vincenzo De Luca:
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