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Kumari R, Kapoor P, Mir BA, Singh M, Parrey ZA, Rakhra G, Parihar P, Khan MN, Rakhra G. Unlocking the versatility of nitric oxide in plants and insights into its molecular interplays under biotic and abiotic stress. Nitric Oxide 2024; 150:1-17. [PMID: 38972538 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
In plants, nitric oxide (NO) has become a versatile signaling molecule essential for mediating a wide range of physiological processes under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The fundamental function of NO under various stress scenarios has led to a paradigm shift in which NO is now seen as both a free radical liberated from the toxic product of oxidative metabolism and an agent that aids in plant sustenance. Numerous studies on NO biology have shown that NO is an important signal for germination, leaf senescence, photosynthesis, plant growth, pollen growth, and other processes. It is implicated in defense responses against pathogensas well as adaptation of plants in response to environmental cues like salinity, drought, and temperature extremes which demonstrates its multifaceted role. NO can carry out its biological action in a variety of ways, including interaction with protein kinases, modifying gene expression, and releasing secondary messengers. In addition to these signaling events, NO may also be in charge of the chromatin modifications, nitration, and S-nitrosylation-induced posttranslational modifications (PTM) of target proteins. Deciphering the molecular mechanism behind its essential function is essential to unravel the regulatory networks controlling the responses of plants to various environmental stimuli. Taking into consideration the versatile role of NO, an effort has been made to interpret its mode of action based on the post-translational modifications and to cover shreds of evidence for increased growth parameters along with an altered gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Kumari
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Preedhi Kapoor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Maninder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Zubair Ahmad Parrey
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gurseen Rakhra
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, 121004, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - M Nasir Khan
- Renewable Energy and Environmental Technology Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 47913, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gurmeen Rakhra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India.
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Ansari MM, Bisht N, Singh T, Chauhan PS. Symphony of survival: Insights into cross-talk mechanisms in plants, bacteria, and fungi for strengthening plant immune responses. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127762. [PMID: 38763015 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Plants coexist with a diverse array of microorganisms, predominantly bacteria and fungi, in both natural and agricultural environments. While some microorganisms positively influence plant development and yield, others can cause harm to the host, leading to significant adverse impacts on the environment and the economy. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM), including plant growth-promoting bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), and rhizobia, have been found to increase plant biomass production by synthesizing hormones, fixing nitrogen, and solubilizing phosphate and potassium. Numerous studies have contributed to unraveling the complex process of plant-microbe interactions in recent decades. In light of the increasing global challenges such as population growth, climate change, and resource scarcity, it has become imperative to explore the potential of plant-bacteria-fungi crosstalk in promoting sustainability. This review aims to bridge existing knowledge gaps, providing a roadmap for future research in this dynamic field by synthesizing current knowledge and identifying emerging trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mogees Ansari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nikita Bisht
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Tanya Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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3
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Panda SK, Gupta D, Patel M, Vyver CVD, Koyama H. Functionality of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Plants: Toxicity and Control in Poaceae Crops Exposed to Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2071. [PMID: 39124190 PMCID: PMC11313751 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Agriculture and changing environmental conditions are closely related, as weather changes could adversely affect living organisms or regions of crop cultivation. Changing environmental conditions trigger different abiotic stresses, which ultimately cause the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. Common ROS production sites are the chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. The imbalance in ROS production and ROS detoxification in plant cells leads to oxidative damage to biomolecules such as lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. At low concentrations, ROS initiates signaling events related to development and adaptations to abiotic stress in plants by inducing signal transduction pathways. In plants, a stress signal is perceived by various receptors that induce a signal transduction pathway that activates numerous signaling networks, which disrupt gene expression, impair the diversity of kinase/phosphatase signaling cascades that manage the stress response in the plant, and result in changes in physiological responses under various stresses. ROS production also regulates ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways to mitigate drought stress. This review focuses on the common subcellular location of manufacturing, complex signaling mechanisms, and networks of ROS, with an emphasis on cellular effects and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant scavenging mechanisms of ROS in Poaceae crops against drought stress and how the manipulation of ROS regulates stress tolerance in plants. Understanding ROS systems in plants could help to create innovative strategies to evolve paths of cell protection against the negative effects of excessive ROS in attempts to improve crop productivity in adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Kumar Panda
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India; (S.K.P.); (D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Divya Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India; (S.K.P.); (D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Mayur Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India; (S.K.P.); (D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Christell Van Der Vyver
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7601, South Africa;
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Wang Y, Lu C, Guo S, Guo Y, Wei T, Chen Q. Leafhopper salivary vitellogenin mediates virus transmission to plant phloem. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3. [PMID: 38167823 PMCID: PMC10762104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary effectors of piercing-sucking insects can suppress plant defense to promote insect feeding, but it remains largely elusive how they facilitate plant virus transmission. Leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps transmits important rice reovirus via virus-packaging exosomes released from salivary glands and then entering the rice phloem. Here, we report that intact salivary vitellogenin of N. cincticeps (NcVg) is associated with the GTPase Rab5 of N. cincticeps (NcRab5) for release from salivary glands. In virus-infected salivary glands, NcVg is upregulated and packaged into exosomes mediated by virus-induced NcRab5, subsequently entering the rice phloem. The released NcVg inherently suppresses H2O2 burst of rice plants by interacting with rice glutathione S-transferase F12, an enzyme catalyzing glutathione-dependent oxidation, thus facilitating leafhoppers feeding. When leafhoppers transmit virus, virus-upregulated NcVg thus promotes leafhoppers feeding and enhances viral transmission. Taken together, the findings provide evidence that viruses exploit insect exosomes to deliver virus-hijacked effectors for efficient transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengcong Lu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shude Guo
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Dong L, Zhang X, Wang M, Fu X, Liu G, Zhang S. Glycolate oxidase gene family identification and functional analyses in cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt. Genome 2023; 66:305-318. [PMID: 37473449 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Glycolate oxidase (GOX) plays an important role in the regulation of photorespiration and photosynthesis in plants. However, as one of the main enzymes to produce the second messenger hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), its functions in response to pathogens are still poorly understood. In this study, we carried out genome-wide identification, and 14 GOX genes were identified in Gossypium hirsutum. These GOX genes are located on 10 chromosomes and divided into hydroxyacid-oxidases (HAOX) and GOX groups. After infection with Verticillium dahliae Kleb., six GOX gene expression levels were changed. Moreover, H2O2, salicylic acid (SA), and the content and activity of GOX increased in cotton. GhHAOX2-D-silenced plants showed more wilting than control plants after infection with V. dahliae. Additionally, H2O2 accumulation and SA content were reduced in GhHAOX2-D-silenced plants. The expression levels of GhPAL, GhPAD4, and GhPR1 and the lignin content of the silenced plants were significantly lower than those of the control plants. These results indicate that GhHAOX2-D is a positive regulator of Verticillium wilt tolerance in cotton and may promote H2O2 accumulation via the synergistic effects of GOX genes and SA. Collectively, GOX genes play an important role in cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Dong
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaohong Fu
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shuling Zhang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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Mariyam, Shafiq M, Sadiq S, Ali Q, Haider MS, Habib U, Ali D, Shahid MA. Identification and characterization of Glycolate oxidase gene family in garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. 'Salinas') and its response under various biotic, abiotic, and developmental stresses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19686. [PMID: 37952078 PMCID: PMC10640638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolate oxidase (GLO) is an FMN-containing enzyme localized in peroxisomes and performs in various molecular and biochemical mechanisms. It is a key player in plant glycolate and glyoxylate accumulation pathways. The role of GLO in disease and stress resistance is well-documented in various plant species. Although studies have been conducted regarding the role of GLO genes from spinach on a microbial level, the direct response of GLO genes to various stresses in short-season and leafy plants like lettuce has not been published yet. The genome of Lactuca sativa cultivar 'Salinas' (v8) was used to identify GLO gene members in lettuce by performing various computational analysis. Dual synteny, protein-protein interactions, and targeted miRNA analyses were conducted to understand the function of GLO genes. The identified GLO genes showed further clustering into two groups i.e., glycolate oxidase (GOX) and hydroxyacid oxidase (HAOX). Genes were observed to be distributed unevenly on three chromosomes, and syntenic analysis revealed that segmental duplication was prevalent. Thus, it might be the main reason for GLO gene diversity in lettuce. Almost all LsGLO genes showed syntenic blocks in respective plant genomes under study. Protein-protein interactions of LsGLO genes revealed various functional enrichments, mainly photorespiration, and lactate oxidation, and among biological processes oxidative photosynthetic carbon pathway was highly significant. Results of in-depth analyses disclosed the interaction of GLO genes with other members of the glycolate pathway and the activity of GLO genes in various organs and developmental stages in lettuce. The extensive genome evaluation of GLO gene family in garden lettuce is believed to be a reference for cloning and studying functional analyses of GLO genes and characterizing other members of glycolate/glyoxylate biosynthesis pathway in various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyam
- Department of Horticulture, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Horticulture, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Saleha Sadiq
- Department of Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | | | - Umer Habib
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shahid
- Horticultural Sciences Department, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, Quincy, FL, 32351, USA
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Sheri V, Kumar M, Jaconis S, Zhang B. Antioxidant defense in cotton under environmental stresses: Unraveling the crucial role of a universal defense regulator for enhanced cotton sustainability. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108141. [PMID: 37926000 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a globally significant crop that provides natural fibers for the textile industry and also an important oil and biopharmaceutical resources. However, the production of cotton faces substantial challenges due to various biotic and abiotic stress factors that can negatively impact cotton growth, yield, and fiber quality. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the effects of biotic stress factors, such as insect pests, bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens, and nematodes, as well as abiotic stress factors, including extreme hot and cold temperature, drought, toxicity induced by heavy metal and salinity, on the antioxidant systems in cotton. We discuss the crucial antioxidants, such as glutathione, proline, and phenolics, and highlight major antioxidant enzymes, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR), and their roles in cotton's response to these stress factors. Furthermore, we explore the potential mechanisms and the crosstalk between different stress factors signaling pathways. We also examine the implications of stress-induced changes in antioxidant levels and enzyme activities for cotton productivity and breeding strategies. Additionally, we shed light on the unanswered questions, research gaps, and future perspectives in this field, paving the way for further investigations to enhance our understanding of cotton's antioxidant defenses and develop novel strategies for improving cotton stress tolerance and yield stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sheri
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Susan Jaconis
- Agricultural & Environmental Research Department, Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA.
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Graska J, Fidler J, Gietler M, Prabucka B, Nykiel M, Labudda M. Nitric Oxide in Plant Functioning: Metabolism, Signaling, and Responses to Infestation with Ecdysozoa Parasites. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:927. [PMID: 37508359 PMCID: PMC10376146 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that is involved in a wide range of physiological processes in plants, including responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Changes in endogenous NO concentration lead to activation/deactivation of NO signaling and NO-related processes. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on NO biosynthesis and scavenging pathways in plant cells and highlights the role of NO in post-translational modifications of proteins (S-nitrosylation, nitration, and phosphorylation) in plants under optimal and stressful environmental conditions. Particular attention was paid to the interactions of NO with other signaling molecules: reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid, auxins (e.g., indole-3-acetic acid), salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. In addition, potential common patterns of NO-dependent defense responses against attack and feeding by parasitic and molting Ecdysozoa species such as nematodes, insects, and arachnids were characterized. Our review definitely highlights the need for further research on the involvement of NO in interactions between host plants and Ecdysozoa parasites, especially arachnids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Graska
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.F.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (M.N.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.F.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (M.N.)
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Rai P, Prasad L, Rai PK. Fungal effectors versus defense-related genes of B. juncea and the status of resistant transgenics against fungal pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1139009. [PMID: 37360735 PMCID: PMC10285668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1139009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed brassica has become instrumental in securing global food and nutritional security. B. juncea, colloquially known as Indian mustard, is cultivated across tropics and subtropics including Indian subcontinent. The production of Indian mustard is severely hampered by fungal pathogens which necessitates human interventions. Chemicals are often resorted to as they are quick and effective, but due to their economic and ecological unsustainability, there is a need to explore their alternatives. The B. juncea-fungal pathosystem is quite diverse as it covers broad-host range necrotrophs (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), narrow-host range necrotrophs (Alternaria brassicae and A. brassicicola) and biotrophic oomycetes (Albugo candida and Hyaloperonospora brassica). Plants ward off fungal pathogens through two-step resistance mechanism; PTI which involves recognition of elicitors and ETI where the resistance gene (R gene) interacts with the fungal effectors. The hormonal signalling is also found to play a vital role in defense as the JA/ET pathway is initiated at the time of necrotroph infection and SA pathway is induced when the biotrophs attack plants. The review discuss the prevalence of fungal pathogens of Indian mustard and the studies conducted on effectoromics. It covers both pathogenicity conferring genes and host-specific toxins (HSTs) that can be used for a variety of purposes such as identifying cognate R genes, understanding pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms, and establishing the phylogeny of fungal pathogens. It further encompasses the studies on identifying resistant sources and characterisation of R genes/quantitative trait loci and defense-related genes identified in Brassicaceae and unrelated species which, upon introgression or overexpression, confer resistance. Finally, the studies conducted on developing resistant transgenics in Brassicaceae have been covered in which chitinase and glucanase genes are mostly used. The knowledge gained from this review can further be used for imparting resistance against major fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajjwal Rai
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Laxman Prasad
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Rai
- Division of Plant Pathology, Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, India
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Khan M, Ali S, Al Azzawi TNI, Yun BW. Nitric Oxide Acts as a Key Signaling Molecule in Plant Development under Stressful Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4782. [PMID: 36902213 PMCID: PMC10002851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a colorless gaseous molecule, is a lipophilic free radical that easily diffuses through the plasma membrane. These characteristics make NO an ideal autocrine (i.e., within a single cell) and paracrine (i.e., between adjacent cells) signalling molecule. As a chemical messenger, NO plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, NO interacts with reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, melatonin, and hydrogen sulfide. It regulates gene expression, modulates phytohormones, and contributes to plant growth and defense mechanisms. In plants, NO is mainly produced via redox pathways. However, nitric oxide synthase, a key enzyme in NO production, has been poorly understood recently in both model and crop plants. In this review, we discuss the pivotal role of NO in signalling and chemical interactions as well as its involvement in the mitigation of biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In the current review, we have discussed various aspects of NO including its biosynthesis, interaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS), melatonin (MEL), hydrogen sulfide, enzymes, phytohormones, and its role in normal and stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Khan
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Mukherjee S, Corpas FJ. H 2 O 2 , NO, and H 2 S networks during root development and signalling under physiological and challenging environments: Beneficial or toxic? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:688-717. [PMID: 36583401 PMCID: PMC10108057 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a key modulator of the development and architecture of the root system under physiological and adverse environmental conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) also exert myriad functions on plant development and signalling. Accumulating pieces of evidence show that depending upon the dose and mode of applications, NO and H2 S can have synergistic or antagonistic actions in mediating H2 O2 signalling during root development. Thus, H2 O2 -NO-H2 S crosstalk might essentially impart tolerance to elude oxidative stress in roots. Growth and proliferation of root apex involve crucial orchestration of NO and H2 S-mediated ROS signalling which also comprise other components including mitogen-activated protein kinase, cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH), and Ca2+ flux. This assessment provides a comprehensive update on the cooperative roles of NO and H2 S in modulating H2 O2 homoeostasis during root development, abiotic stress tolerance, and root-microbe interaction. Furthermore, it also analyses the scopes of some fascinating future investigations associated with strigolactone and karrikins concerning H2 O2 -NO-H2 S crosstalk in plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur CollegeUniversity of KalyaniWest BengalIndia
| | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signalling in PlantsEstación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC)GranadaSpain
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12
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He Y, Zhou Y, Zhou Z, He J, Liu Y, Xiao Y, Long L, Deng O, Xiao H, Shen F, Deng S, Luo L. Allelopathic effect of pyrogallic acid on cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa: The regulatory role of nitric oxide and its significance for controlling harmful algal blooms (HABs). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159785. [PMID: 36309262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of allelochemicals to inhibit overgrowth of toxic cyanobacteria is considered to be an environmentally friendly approach. However, the regulatory role of the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) on cyanobacteria under allelopathic stress remains unanswered. Here we demonstrate that the effect of NO on the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa depends on allelopathic stress of pyrogallic acid (PA). The experimental results revealed that general stimulation of M. aeruginosa by PA occurred within the concentration range 0.4-0.8 mg/L. In parallel with increasing concentration of PA (1.6-16.0 mg/L), the growth of M. aeruginosa was observed to decrease. The effect of NO on M. aeruginosa was evaluated by addition of the NO scavenger hemoglobin. In the stimulation stage, intracellular NO was seen to decreased to modulate the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to maintain redox homeostasis of the cells. In the inhibition stage, the physiological characteristics of M. aeruginosa were changed significantly. Additionally, the accumulation of S-nitrosothiol by M. aeruginosa indicated that the high concentrations of PA induced nitric oxidative stress in M. aeruginosa. This study provides a new thought to understand the role of NO in controlling harmful algal blooms through the allelopathic effect of aquatic macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yunzi Zhou
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zijian Zhou
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jinsong He
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yinlong Xiao
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lulu Long
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ouping Deng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Hong Xiao
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Fei Shen
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shihuai Deng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ling Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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Singh H, Grewal SK, Singh R, Bhardwaj RD. Induced defense responses in cultivated and wild chickpea genotypes against Helicoverpa armigera infestation. Biol Futur 2023:10.1007/s42977-022-00151-2. [PMID: 36609909 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Five desi (GL 12,021, GL 29,095, GL 29,078, H11 22 and CSJ 515) and three wild (GLW 22, GLW 58 and GLW 187) chickpea cultivars showed induced defense response against Helicoverpa armigera infestation as a result of enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, tyrosine ammonia lyase in leaves, pod walls and seeds. Catalase activity increased in leaves of GL 12,021, H11 22, GL 29,095, CSJ 515, GLW 22, and GL 29,078 after infestation compared to resistant check; catalase and peroxidase activities in GL 29,095 and GL 29,078; ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in leaves of GLW 58. The increased activity of superoxide dismutase in pod wall of H1122; catalase in pod wall of 29,078, GL 29,095 and GL 22; ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in pod wall of GLW 58; phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase in pod wall of GLW 187, H11 22, GL 20,978, GLW 22 and GLW 58 after infestation as compared to resistant check might be responsible for mitigating infestation induced oxidative stress. MDA content decreased in leaves, pod wall and seeds of GLW 187 and GL 12,021 after infestation. Lower percent pod damage (9.58-12.44%) in GL 12,021, GLW 187, GL 29,095, H11 22, GL 29,078, GLW 22 and GLW 58 as compared to resistant (16.18%) and susceptible (21.50) checks might be attributed to differential induced defense mechanism in them. The identified desi and wild genotypes might be used in breeding program to develop cultivars with improved resistance to herbivore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India
| | - Satvir Kaur Grewal
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India.
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India
| | - Rachana D Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India
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Determination of Reactive Oxygen or Nitrogen Species and Novel Volatile Organic Compounds in the Defense Responses of Tomato Plants against Botrytis cinerea Induced by Trichoderma virens TRS 106. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193051. [PMID: 36231012 PMCID: PMC9563596 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Trichoderma virens TRS 106 decreased grey mould disease caused by Botrytis cinerea in tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.) by enhancing their defense responses. Generally, plants belonging to the ‘Remiz’ variety, which were infected more effectively by B. cinerea than ‘Perkoz’ plants, generated more reactive molecules such as superoxide (O2−) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−), and less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), S-nitrosothiols (SNO), and green leaf volatiles (GLV). Among the new findings, histochemical analyses revealed that B. cinerea infection caused nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in chloroplasts, which was not detected in plants treated with TRS 106, while treatment of plants with TRS 106 caused systemic spreading of H2O2 and NO accumulation in apoplast and nuclei. SPME-GCxGC TOF-MS analysis revealed 24 volatile organic compounds (VOC) released by tomato plants treated with TRS 106. Some of the hexanol derivatives, e.g., 4-ethyl-2-hexynal and 1,5-hexadien-3-ol, and salicylic acid derivatives, e.g., 4-hepten-2-yl and isoamyl salicylates, are considered in the protection of tomato plants against B. cinerea for the first time. The results are valuable for further studies aiming to further determine the location and function of NO in plants treated with Trichoderma and check the contribution of detected VOC in plant protection against B. cinerea.
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Gao X, Ma J, Tie J, Li Y, Hu L, Yu J. BR-Mediated Protein S-Nitrosylation Alleviated Low-Temperature Stress in Mini Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810964. [PMID: 36142872 PMCID: PMC9503245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs), a novel plant hormone, are widely involved in plant growth and stress response processes. Nitric oxide (NO), as an important gas signaling molecule, can regulate target protein activity, subcellular localization and function in response to various stresses through post-translational S-nitrosylation modifications. However, the relationship between BR and NO in alleviating low-temperature stress of mini Chinese cabbage remains unclear. The hydroponic experiment combined with the pharmacological and molecular biological method was conducted to study the alleviating mechanism of BR at low temperature in mini Chinese cabbage. The results showed that low temperature inhibited the growth of mini Chinese cabbage seedlings, as evidenced by dwarf plants and yellow leaves. Treatment with 0.05 mg/L BR and 50 µM NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) significantly increased the leaf area, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, dry and fresh weight and proline content. Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in 0.05 mg/L BR- and 50 µM GSNO-treated leaves were significantly lower than those in other treated leaves under low-temperature conditions. In addition, BR and GSNO applications induced an increase in NO and S-nitrosothiol (SNO) levels in vivo under low-temperature stress. Similarly, spraying BR after the elimination of NO also increased the level of S-nitrosylation in vivo, while spraying GSNO after inhibiting BR biosynthesis decreased the level of NO and SNO in vivo. In contrast, the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (BrGSNOR) relative expression level and GSNOR enzyme activity were downregulated and inhibited by BR treatment, GSNO treatment and spraying BR after NO clearance, while the relative expression level of BrGSNOR was upregulated and GSNOR enzyme activity was also increased when spraying GSNO after inhibiting BR synthesis. Meanwhile, the biotin switch assay showed that exogenous BR increased the level of total nitrosylated protein in vivo under low-temperature stress. These results suggested that BR might act as an upstream signal of NO, induced the increase of NO content in vivo and then induced the protein S-nitrosylation modification to alleviate the damage of mini Chinese cabbage seedlings under low-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jizhong Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianzhong Tie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yutong Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (J.Y.)
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16
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Luo L, Xie Y, Xuan W. Prohibitin 3 gives birth to a new lateral root primordium. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3828-3830. [PMID: 35749693 PMCID: PMC9232199 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Li S, Li Q, Tian X, Mu L, Ji M, Wang X, Li N, Liu F, Shu J, Crawford NM, Wang Y. 2022. PHB3 regulates lateral root primordia formation via NO-mediated degradation of AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID proteins. Journal of Experimental Botany 73,4034–4045.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Luo
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanming Xie
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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17
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Yin X, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Meng L, Zhang X, Liu H, Wang L, Cui G. Effects of exogenous nitric oxide on wild barley ( Hordeum brevisubulatum) under salt stress. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2041096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Yin
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yao Hu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yihang Zhao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Lingdong Meng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Haoyue Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Guowen Cui
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
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18
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Zhang H, Shen W, Zhang D, Shen X, Wang F, Hsiang T, Liu J, Li G. The bZIP Transcription Factor LtAP1 Modulates Oxidative Stress Tolerance and Virulence in the Peach Gummosis Fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:741842. [PMID: 34630367 PMCID: PMC8495313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.741842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is one of the primary causal agents in peach gummosis disease, leading to enormous losses in peach production. In our previous study, a redox-related gene, LtAP1, from the fungus was significantly upregulated in peach shoots throughout infection. Here, we characterized LtAP1, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, during peach gummosis progression using the CRISPR-Cas9 system and homologous recombination. The results showed that LtAP1-deletion mutant had slower vegetative growth and increased sensitivity to several oxidative and nitrosative stress agents. LtAP1 was highly induced by exogenous oxidants treatment in the L. theobromae wild-type strain. In a pathogenicity test, the deletion mutant showed decreased virulence (reduced size of necrotic lesions, less gum release, and decreased pathogen biomass) on infected peach shoots compared to the wild-type strain. The mutant showed severely reduced transcription levels of genes related to glutaredoxin and thioredoxin in L. theobroame under oxidative stress or during infection, indicating an attenuated capacity for reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. When shoots were treated with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, the pathogenicity of the mutant was partially restored. Moreover, ROS production and plant defense response were strongly activated in peach shoots infected by the mutant. These results highlight the crucial role of LtAP1 in the oxidative stress response, and further that it acts as an important virulence factor through modulating the fungal ROS-detoxification system and the plant defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Wanqi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingyi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Jiangxi Oil-tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Liu L, Huang L, Sun C, Wang L, Jin C, Lin X. Cross-Talk between Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxide during Plant Development and Responses to Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9485-9497. [PMID: 34428901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are gradually becoming established as critical regulators in plants under physiological and stressful conditions. Strong spatiotemporal correlations in their production and distribution have been identified in various plant biological processes. In this context, NO and H2O2 act synergistically or antagonistically as signals or stress promoters depending on their respective concentrations, engaging in processes such as the hypersensitive response, stomatal movement, and abiotic stress responses. Moreover, proteins identified as potential targets of NO-based modifications include a number of enzymes related to H2O2 metabolism, reinforcing their cross-talk. In this review, several processes of well-characterized functional interplay between H2O2 and NO are discussed with respect to the most recent reported evidence on hypersensitive response-induced programmed cell death, stomatal movement, and plant responses to adverse conditions and, where known, the molecular mechanisms and factors underpinning their cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention Technology, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Lin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Luxuan Wang
- Department of Agriculture and Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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20
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Nguyen QM, Iswanto ABB, Son GH, Kim SH. Recent Advances in Effector-Triggered Immunity in Plants: New Pieces in the Puzzle Create a Different Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4709. [PMID: 33946790 PMCID: PMC8124997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants rely on multiple immune systems to protect themselves from pathogens. When pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)-the first layer of the immune response-is no longer effective as a result of pathogenic effectors, effector-triggered immunity (ETI) often provides resistance. In ETI, host plants directly or indirectly perceive pathogen effectors via resistance proteins and launch a more robust and rapid defense response. Resistance proteins are typically found in the form of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich-repeat-containing receptors (NLRs). Upon effector recognition, an NLR undergoes structural change and associates with other NLRs. The dimerization or oligomerization of NLRs signals to downstream components, activates "helper" NLRs, and culminates in the ETI response. Originally, PTI was thought to contribute little to ETI. However, most recent studies revealed crosstalk and cooperation between ETI and PTI. Here, we summarize recent advancements in our understanding of the ETI response and its components, as well as how these components cooperate in the innate immune signaling pathways. Based on up-to-date accumulated knowledge, this review provides our current perspective of potential engineering strategies for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang-Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (Q.-M.N.); (A.B.B.I.); (G.H.S.)
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (Q.-M.N.); (A.B.B.I.); (G.H.S.)
| | - Geon Hui Son
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (Q.-M.N.); (A.B.B.I.); (G.H.S.)
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (Q.-M.N.); (A.B.B.I.); (G.H.S.)
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea
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21
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Sun C, Zhang Y, Liu L, Liu X, Li B, Jin C, Lin X. Molecular functions of nitric oxide and its potential applications in horticultural crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:71. [PMID: 33790257 PMCID: PMC8012625 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates plant growth, enhances nutrient uptake, and activates disease and stress tolerance mechanisms in most plants, making NO a potential tool for use in improving the yield and quality of horticultural crop species. Although the use of NO in horticulture is still in its infancy, research on NO in model plant species has provided an abundance of valuable information on horticultural crop species. Emerging evidence implies that the bioactivity of NO can occur through many potential mechanisms but occurs mainly through S-nitrosation, the covalent and reversible attachment of NO to cysteine thiol. In this context, NO signaling specifically affects crop development, immunity, and environmental interactions. Moreover, NO can act as a fumigant against a wide range of postharvest diseases and pests. However, for effective use of NO in horticulture, both understanding and exploring the biological significance and potential mechanisms of NO in horticultural crop species are critical. This review provides a picture of our current understanding of how NO is synthesized and transduced in plants, and particular attention is given to the significance of NO in breaking seed dormancy, balancing root growth and development, enhancing nutrient acquisition, mediating stress responses, and guaranteeing food safety for horticultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, 310015, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baohai Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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22
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Nowicka B, Trela-Makowej A, Latowski D, Strzalka K, Szymańska R. Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2950. [PMID: 33799456 PMCID: PMC7999835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant prenyllipids, especially isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, are very efficient low-molecular-weight lipophilic antioxidants, protecting membranes and storage lipids from reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are byproducts of aerobic metabolism that can damage cell components, they are also known to play a role in signaling. Plants are particularly prone to oxidative damage because oxygenic photosynthesis results in O2 formation in their green tissues. In addition, the photosynthetic electron transfer chain is an important source of ROS. Therefore, chloroplasts are the main site of ROS generation in plant cells during the light reactions of photosynthesis, and plastidic antioxidants are crucial to prevent oxidative stress, which occurs when plants are exposed to various types of stress factors, both biotic and abiotic. The increase in antioxidant content during stress acclimation is a common phenomenon. In the present review, we describe the mechanisms of ROS (singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) production in chloroplasts in general and during exposure to abiotic stress factors, such as high light, low temperature, drought and salinity. We highlight the dual role of their presence: negative (i.e., lipid peroxidation, pigment and protein oxidation) and positive (i.e., contribution in redox-based physiological processes). Then we provide a summary of current knowledge concerning plastidic prenyllipid antioxidants belonging to isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, as well as their structure, occurrence, biosynthesis and function both in ROS detoxification and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Trela-Makowej
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazimierz Strzalka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Szymańska
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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Chen M, Bruisson S, Bapaume L, Darbon G, Glauser G, Schorderet M, Reinhardt D. VAPYRIN attenuates defence by repressing PR gene induction and localized lignin accumulation during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of Petunia hybrida. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3481-3496. [PMID: 33231304 PMCID: PMC7986166 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The intimate association of host and fungus in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can potentially trigger induction of host defence mechanisms against the fungus, implying that successful symbiosis requires suppression of defence. We addressed this phenomenon by using AM-defective vapyrin (vpy) mutants in Petunia hybrida, including a new allele (vpy-3) with a transposon insertion close to the ATG start codon. We explore whether abortion of fungal infection in vpy mutants is associated with the induction of defence markers, such as cell wall alterations, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), defence hormones and induction of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. We show that vpy mutants exhibit a strong resistance against intracellular colonization, which is associated with the generation of cell wall appositions (papillae) with lignin impregnation at fungal entry sites, while no accumulation of defence hormones, ROS or callose was observed. Systematic analysis of PR gene expression revealed that several PR genes are induced in mycorrhizal roots of the wild-type, and even more in vpy plants. Some PR genes are induced exclusively in vpy mutants. Our results suggest that VPY is involved in avoiding or suppressing the induction of a cellular defence syndrome that involves localized lignin deposition and PR gene induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgCH‐1700Switzerland
| | | | - Laure Bapaume
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgCH‐1700Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey Darbon
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgCH‐1700Switzerland
| | - Gaëtan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel2000Switzerland
| | | | - Didier Reinhardt
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgCH‐1700Switzerland
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Kolupaev YE, Yastreb TO. Jasmonate Signaling and Plant Adaptation to Abiotic Stressors (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Manrique-Gil I, Sánchez-Vicente I, Torres-Quezada I, Lorenzo O. Nitric oxide function during oxygen deprivation in physiological and stress processes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:904-916. [PMID: 32976588 PMCID: PMC7876777 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are aerobic organisms that have evolved to maintain specific requirements for oxygen (O2), leading to a correct respiratory energy supply during growth and development. There are certain plant developmental cues and biotic or abiotic stress responses where O2 is scarce. This O2 deprivation known as hypoxia may occur in hypoxic niches of plant-specific tissues and during adverse environmental cues such as pathogen attack and flooding. In general, plants respond to hypoxia through a complex reprogramming of their molecular activities with the aim of reducing the impact of stress on their physiological and cellular homeostasis. This review focuses on the fine-tuned regulation of hypoxia triggered by a network of gaseous compounds that includes O2, ethylene, and nitric oxide. In view of recent scientific advances, we summarize the molecular mechanisms mediated by phytoglobins and by the N-degron proteolytic pathway, focusing on embryogenesis, seed imbibition, and germination, and also specific structures, most notably root apical and shoot apical meristems. In addition, those biotic and abiotic stresses that comprise hypoxia are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Manrique-Gil
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. C/ Río Duero 12, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Sánchez-Vicente
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. C/ Río Duero 12, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Torres-Quezada
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. C/ Río Duero 12, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. C/ Río Duero 12, Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Jedelská T, Luhová L, Petřivalský M. Nitric oxide signalling in plant interactions with pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:848-863. [PMID: 33367760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species have emerged as crucial signalling and regulatory molecules across all organisms. In plants, fungi, and fungi-like oomycetes, NO is involved in the regulation of multiple processes during their growth, development, reproduction, responses to the external environment, and biotic interactions. It has become evident that NO is produced and used as a signalling and defence cue by both partners in multiple forms of plant interactions with their microbial counterparts, ranging from symbiotic to pathogenic modes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of NO in plant-pathogen interactions, focused on biotrophic, necrotrophic, and hemibiotrophic fungi and oomycetes. Actual advances and gaps in the identification of NO sources and fate in plant and pathogen cells are discussed. We review the decisive role of time- and site-specific NO production in germination, oriented growth, and active penetration by filamentous pathogens of the host tissues, as well in pathogen recognition, and defence activation in plants. Distinct functions of NO in diverse interactions of host plants with fungal and oomycete pathogens of different lifestyles are highlighted, where NO in interplay with reactive oxygen species governs successful plant colonization, cell death, and establishment of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Jedelská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Luhová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Li ZC, Ren QW, Guo Y, Ran J, Ren XT, Wu NN, Xu HY, Liu X, Liu JZ. Dual Roles of GSNOR1 in Cell Death and Immunity in Tetraploid Nicotiana tabacum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:596234. [PMID: 33643341 PMCID: PMC7902495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.596234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) is the key enzyme that regulates cellular homeostasis of S-nitrosylation. Although extensively studied in Arabidopsis, the roles of GSNOR1 in tetraploid Nicotiana species have not been investigated previously. To study the function of NtGSNOR1, we knocked out two NtGSNOR1 genes simultaneously in Nicotiana tabacum using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/caspase 9 (Cas9) technology. To our surprise, spontaneous cell death occurred on the leaves of the CRISPR/Cas9 lines but not on those of the wild-type (WT) plants, suggesting that NtGSNOR1 negatively regulates cell death. The natural cell death on the CRISPR/Cas9 lines could be a result from interactions between overaccumulated nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This spontaneous cell death phenotype was not affected by knocking out two Enhanced disease susceptibility 1 genes (NtEDS11a/1b) and thus was independent of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. Unexpectedly, we found that the NtGSNOR1a/1b knockout plants displayed a significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced resistance to paraquat-induced cell death compared to WT plants, suggesting that NtGSNOR1 functions as a positive regulator of the paraquat-induced cell death. The increased resistance to the paraquat-induced cell death of the NtGSNOR1a/1b knockout plants was correlated with the reduced level of H2O2 accumulation. Interestingly, whereas the N gene-mediated resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was significantly enhanced (p < 0.001), the resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) in the NtGSNOR1a/1b knockout lines. In summary, our results indicate that NtGSNOR1 functions as both positive and negative regulator of cell death under different conditions and displays distinct effects on resistance against viral and bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Chao Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Qian-Wei Ren
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jie Ran
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Ren
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Ni-Ni Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Hui-Yang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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28
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Manna I, Sahoo S, Bandyopadhyay M. Effect of Engineered Nickel Oxide Nanoparticle on Reactive Oxygen Species-Nitric Oxide Interplay in the Roots of Allium cepa L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:586509. [PMID: 33633755 PMCID: PMC7901573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.586509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Scientists anxiously follow instances of heavy metals augmenting in the environment and undergoing bioaccumulation and trace their biomagnification across food webs, wary of their potent toxicity on biological entities. Engineered nanoparticles supplement natural pools of respective heavy metals and can mimic their effects, exerting toxicity at higher concentrations. Thus, a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanism of this precarious interaction is mandatory. Most urban and industrial environments contain considerable quantities of nickel oxide nanoparticles. These in excess can cause considerable damage to plant metabolism through a significant increase in cellular reactive oxygen species and perturbation of its cross-talk with the reactive nitrogen species. In the present work, the authors have demonstrated how the intrusion of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NP) affected the exposed roots of Allium cepa: starting with disruption of cell membranes, before being interiorized within cell organelles, effectively disrupting cellular homeostasis and survival. A major shift in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) equanimity was also observed, unleashing major altercations in several crucial biochemical profiles. Altered antioxidant contents and upregulation of stress-responsive genes, namely, Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, and Rubisco activase, showing on average 50-250% rise across NiO-NP concentrations tested, also entailed increased cellular hydrogen peroxide contents, with tandem rise in cellular NO. Increased NO content was evinced from altered concentrations of nitric oxide synthase and nitrate reductase, along with NADPH oxidase, when compared with the negative control. Though initially showing a dose-dependent concomitant rise, a significant decrease of NO was observed at higher concentrations of NiO-NP, while cellular ROS continued to increase. Modified K/Na ratios, with increased proline concentrations and GABA contents, all hallmarks of cellular stress, correlated with ROS-NO perturbations. Detailed studies showed that NiO-NP concentration had a significant role in inducing toxicity, perturbing the fine balance of ROS-NO, which turned lethal for the cell at higher dosages of the ENP precipitating in the accumulation of stress markers and an inevitable shutdown of cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Manna
- Department of Botany, CAS, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Saikat Sahoo
- Department of Botany, Krishna Chandra College, Hetampur, India
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Transcriptome profiling of postharvest kiwifruit in response to exogenous nitric oxide. SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhao D, Wang H, Chen S, Yu D, Reiter RJ. Phytomelatonin: An Emerging Regulator of Plant Biotic Stress Resistance. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:70-82. [PMID: 32896490 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has diverse functions in plant development and stress tolerance, with recent evidence showing a beneficial role in plant biotic stress tolerance. It has been hypothesized that pathogenic invasion causes the immediate generation of melatonin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), with these being mutually dependent, forming the integrative melatonin-ROS-RNS feedforward loop. Here we discuss how the loop, possibly located in the mitochondria and chloroplasts, maximizes disease resistance in the early pathogen ingress stage, providing on-site protection. We also review how melatonin interacts with phytohormone signaling pathways to mediate defense responses and discuss the evolutionary context from the beginnings of the melatonin receptor-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in unicellular green algae, followed by the occurrence of phytohormone pathways in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Zhao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
| | - Houping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Suiyun Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UT Health), San Antonio, TX, USA.
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31
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Sun C, Liu L, Wang L, Li B, Jin C, Lin X. Melatonin: A master regulator of plant development and stress responses. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:126-145. [PMID: 32678945 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with multiple functions in plants. Since the discovery of melatonin in plants, numerous studies have provided insight into the biosynthesis, catabolism, and physiological and biochemical functions of this important molecule. Here, we describe the biosynthesis of melatonin from tryptophan, as well as its various degradation pathways in plants. The identification of a putative melatonin receptor in plants has led to the hypothesis that melatonin is a hormone involved in regulating plant growth, aerial organ development, root morphology, and the floral transition. The universal antioxidant activity of melatonin and its role in preserving chlorophyll might explain its anti-senescence capacity in aging leaves. An impressive amount of research has focused on the role of melatonin in modulating postharvest fruit ripening by regulating the expression of ethylene-related genes. Recent evidence also indicated that melatonin functions in the plant's response to biotic stress, cooperating with other phytohormones and well-known molecules such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Finally, great progress has been made towards understanding how melatonin alleviates the effects of various abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, extreme temperature, and heavy metal stress. Given its diverse roles, we propose that melatonin is a master regulator in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Luxuan Wang
- Department of Agriculture and Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Baohai Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Feng Y, Fu X, Han L, Xu C, Liu C, Bi H, Ai X. Nitric Oxide Functions as a Downstream Signal for Melatonin-Induced Cold Tolerance in Cucumber Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:686545. [PMID: 34367212 PMCID: PMC8343141 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.686545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) and nitric oxide (NO) are two multifunctional signaling molecules that are involved in the response of plants to abiotic stresses. However, how MT and NO synergize in response to cold stress affecting plants is still not clear. In this study, we found that endogenous MT accumulation under cold stress was positively correlated with cold tolerance in different varieties of cucumber seedlings. The data presented here also provide evidence that endogenous NO is involved in the response to cold stress. About 100 μM MT significantly increased the nitrate reductase (NR) activity, NR-relative messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and endogenous NO accumulation in cucumber seedlings. However, 75 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) showed no significant effect on the relative mRNA expression of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), tryptamine-5-hydroxylase (T5H), serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), or acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), the key genes for MT synthesis and endogenous MT levels. Compared with H2O treatment, both MT and SNP decreased electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by activating the antioxidant system and consequently mitigated cold damage in cucumber seedlings. MT and SNP also enhanced photosynthetic carbon assimilation, which was mainly attributed to an increase in the activity and mRNA expression of the key enzymes in the Calvin-Benson cycle. Simultaneously, MT- and SNP-induced photoprotection for both photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) in cucumber seedlings, by stimulating the PsbA (D1) protein repair pathway and ferredoxin-mediated NADP+ photoreduction, respectively. Moreover, exogenous MT and SNP markedly upregulated the expression of chilling response genes, such as inducer of CBF expression (ICE1), C-repeat-binding factor (CBF1), and cold-responsive (COR47). MT-induced cold tolerance was suppressed by 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO, a specific scavenger of NO). However, p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA, a MT synthesis inhibitor) did not affect NO-induced cold tolerance. Thus, novel results suggest that NO acts as a downstream signal in the MT-induced plant tolerance to cold stress.
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Smolikova G, Leonova T, Vashurina N, Frolov A, Medvedev S. Desiccation Tolerance as the Basis of Long-Term Seed Viability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E101. [PMID: 33374189 PMCID: PMC7795748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Desiccation tolerance appeared as the key adaptation feature of photoautotrophic organisms for survival in terrestrial habitats. During the further evolution, vascular plants developed complex anatomy structures and molecular mechanisms to maintain the hydrated state of cell environment and sustain dehydration. However, the role of the genes encoding the mechanisms behind this adaptive feature of terrestrial plants changed with their evolution. Thus, in higher vascular plants it is restricted to protection of spores, seeds and pollen from dehydration, whereas the mature vegetative stages became sensitive to desiccation. During maturation, orthodox seeds lose up to 95% of water and successfully enter dormancy. This feature allows seeds maintaining their viability even under strongly fluctuating environmental conditions. The mechanisms behind the desiccation tolerance are activated at the late seed maturation stage and are associated with the accumulation of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, small heat shock proteins (sHSP), non-reducing oligosaccharides, and antioxidants of different chemical nature. The main regulators of maturation and desiccation tolerance are abscisic acid and protein DOG1, which control the network of transcription factors, represented by LEC1, LEC2, FUS3, ABI3, ABI5, AGL67, PLATZ1, PLATZ2. This network is complemented by epigenetic regulation of gene expression via methylation of DNA, post-translational modifications of histones and chromatin remodeling. These fine regulatory mechanisms allow orthodox seeds maintaining desiccation tolerance during the whole period of germination up to the stage of radicle protrusion. This time point, in which seeds lose desiccation tolerance, is critical for the whole process of seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Leonova
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.L.); (N.V.); (A.F.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Natalia Vashurina
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.L.); (N.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.L.); (N.V.); (A.F.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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Wang H, Kou X, Wu C, Fan G, Li T. Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Are Involved in Methyl Jasmonate-Regulated Response against Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Blueberries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13632-13640. [PMID: 33185095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The involvement and the relationship between nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced immune responses in blueberries against Botrytis cinerea was explored using diphenylene iodonium (DPI, NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO, NO scavenger). MeJA induced NO and H2O2 burst and enhanced the resistance of blueberries by elevating defense-related enzymes and the phenylpropanoid pathway. However, the above impacts stimulated by MeJA were weakened by DPI and destroyed by cPTIO. Furthermore, cPTIO abolished the increment in H2O2 by regulating the activities of NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, whereas DPI weakened the increase in H2O2 but barely affected the generation of NO and the activity of nitric oxide synthase elevated by MeJA. These results indicated that NO and H2O2 were involved in the MeJA-induced resistance in blueberries, and NO worked upstream of H2O2 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Caie Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
| | - Gongjian Fan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
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Nitrate reductase-dependent nitric oxide plays a key role on MeJA-induced ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10737-10753. [PMID: 33064185 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum, which contains numerous biologically active compounds, is known worldwide as a medicinal basidiomycete. Because of its application for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, most of artificially cultivated G. lucidum is output to many countries as food, tea, and dietary supplements for further processing. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been reported as a compound that can induce ganoderic acid (GA) biosynthesis, an important secondary metabolite of G. lucidum. Herein, MeJA was found to increase the intracellular level of nitric oxide (NO). In addition, upregulation of GA biosynthesis in the presence of MeJA was abolished when NO was depleted from the culture. This result demonstrated that MeJA-regulated GA biosynthesis might occur via NO signaling. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we used gene-silenced strains of nitrate reductase (NR) and the inhibitor of NR to illustrate the role of NO in MeJA induction. The results indicated that the increase in GA biosynthesis induced by MeJA was activated by NR-generated NO. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the reduction of NO could induce GA levels in the control group, but NO could also activate GA biosynthesis upon MeJA treatment. Further results indicated that NR silencing reversed the increased enzymatic activity of NOX to generate ROS due to MeJA induction. Importantly, our results highlight the NR-generated NO functions in signaling crosstalk between reactive oxygen species and MeJA. These results provide a good opportunity to determine the potential pathway linking NO to the ROS signaling pathway in fungi treated with MeJA. KEY POINTS: • MeJA increased the intracellular level of nitric oxide (NO) in G. lucidum. • The increase in GA biosynthesis induced by MeJA is activated by NR-generated NO. • NO acts as a signaling molecule between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MeJA.
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Ma M, Wendehenne D, Philippot L, Hänsch R, Flemetakis E, Hu B, Rennenberg H. Physiological significance of pedospheric nitric oxide for root growth, development and organismic interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2336-2354. [PMID: 32681574 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is essential for plant growth and development, as well as interactions with abiotic and biotic environments. Its importance for multiple functions in plants means that tight regulation of NO concentrations is required. This is of particular significance in roots, where NO signalling is involved in processes, such as root growth, lateral root formation, nutrient acquisition, heavy metal homeostasis, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and root-mycorrhizal fungi interactions. The NO signal can also be produced in high levels by microbial processes in the rhizosphere, further impacting root processes. To explore these interesting interactions, in the present review, we firstly summarize current knowledge of physiological processes of NO production and consumption in roots and, thereafter, of processes involved in NO homeostasis in root cells with particular emphasis on root growth, development, nutrient acquisition, environmental stresses and organismic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - David Wendehenne
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Philippot
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Jain A, Singh HB, Das S. Deciphering plant-microbe crosstalk through proteomics studies. Microbiol Res 2020; 242:126590. [PMID: 33022544 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic approaches are being used to elucidate a better discretion of interactions occurring between host, pathogen, and/or beneficial microorganisms at the molecular level. Application of proteomic techniques, unravel pathogenicity, stress-related, and antioxidant proteins expressed amid plant-microbe interactions and good information have been generated. It is being perceived that a fine regulation of protein expression takes place for effective pathogen recognition, induction of resistance, and maintenance of host integrity. However, our knowledge of molecular plant-microbe interactions is still incomplete and inconsequential. This review aims to provide insight into numerous ways used for proteomic investigation including peptide/protein identification, separation, and quantification during host defense response. Here, we highlight the current progress in proteomics of defense responses elicited by bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens in plants along with which the proteome level changes induced by beneficial microorganisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Jain
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India.
| | - Harikesh Bahadur Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Sampa Das
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India.
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Khaliq G, Ullah M, Memon SA, Ali A, Rashid M. Exogenous nitric oxide reduces postharvest anthracnose disease and maintains quality of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) fruit during ripening. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Xu Y, Qu C, Sun X, Jia Z, Xue M, Zhao H, Zhou X. Nitric Oxide Boosts Bemisia tabaci Performance Through the Suppression of Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway in Tobacco Plants. Front Physiol 2020; 11:847. [PMID: 32792979 PMCID: PMC7387647 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intimate relationships between plants and insects start with herbivory, which can be traced back to approximately 420 million year ago. Like many other relationships, a plant–insect interaction can be mutualistic, commensalistic, or antagonistic. Within antagonistic relationships, plants deploy inducible defense to insect phytophagy. Insects, however, can evade/suppress effectual plant defenses by manipulating plant defense signaling. Previously, we showed that the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, a global invasive insect pest, can suppress jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defenses, thereby enhancing their performance on host plants. Given that nitric oxide (NO), a multifunctional signaling molecule, interacts closely with JA signaling pathway, we hypothesized that NO is involved in the suppression of JA defensive responses. Equipped with an integrated approach, we comprehensively examined this overarching hypothesis. We showed that: (1) tobacco plants responded to B. tabaci infestation by accumulating high levels of NO, (2) the exogenous application of sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor, in tobacco plants attracted B. tabaci adults and accelerated nymphal development, whereas plants treated with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), a NO scavenger, repelled B. tabaci adults and prolonged nymphal development, and, more importantly, (3) silencing of NO-associated protein 1, a gene associated with NO accumulation, and cPTIO application disrupted the B. tabaci-mediated suppression of JA in plants. Collectively, these results suggest that: (1) NO signaling is activated by B. tabaci infestation, (2) NO is involved in the suppression of JA-dependent plant defense, and, consequently, (3) NO improves B. tabaci performance on host plants. Our study reflects the remarkable arm race that co-evolved for millions of years between plants and insects and offers a potential novel target (nitric oxide) for the long-term sustainable management of this global invasive pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhifei Jia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ming Xue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Haipeng Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Nishad R, Ahmed T, Rahman VJ, Kareem A. Modulation of Plant Defense System in Response to Microbial Interactions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1298. [PMID: 32719660 PMCID: PMC7350780 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
At different stages throughout their life cycle, plants often encounter several pathogenic microbes that challenge plant growth and development. The sophisticated innate plant immune system prevents the growth of harmful microbes via two interconnected defense strategies based on pathogen perception. These strategies involve microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and microbial effector-triggered immunity. Both these immune responses induce several defense mechanisms for restricting pathogen attack to protect against pathogens and terminate their growth. Plants often develop immune memory after an exposure to pathogens, leading to systemic acquired resistance. Unlike that with harmful microbes, plants make friendly interactions with beneficial microbes for boosting their plant immune system. A spike in recent publications has further improved our understanding of the immune responses in plants as triggered by interactions with microbes. The present study reviews our current understanding of how plant–microbe interactions can activate the sophisticated plant immune system at the molecular level. We further discuss how plant-microbe interaction boost the immune system of plants by demonstrating the examples of Mycorrhizal and Rhizobial association and how these plant-microbe interactions can be exploited to engineer disease resistance and crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resna Nishad
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Talaat Ahmed
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Environmental Science Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Abdul Kareem
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Oliferuk S, Simontacchi M, Rubio F, Santa-María GE. Exposure to a natural nitric oxide donor negatively affects the potential influx of rubidium in potassium-starved Arabidopsis plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 150:204-208. [PMID: 32155448 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and potassium (K+) exert a profound influence on the acclimation of plants to multiple stress conditions. A recent report indicated that exogenous addition of an NO donor causes, under conditions of adequate K+ supply, a detrimental effect on K+ status. It remains unknown whether an exogenous NO source could negatively affect the potential capture of this element when plants are faced with a K+ shortage. In this work we offer evidence that, under conditions of K+-deprivation, the addition of the naturally occurring NO donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), diminishes the potential inward transport of the K+-analogue rubidium (Rb+) from diluted Rb+ concentrations in Arabidopsis thaliana. Studies with the akt1-2 mutant, lacking the AKT1 inward-rectifier K+-channel involved in K+-uptake, unveiled that the effect of GSNO on Rb+-influx involves a non-AKT1 component. In addition, exposure to the NO-donor led to down-regulation of transcripts coding for the AtHAK5 K+-transporter, a major component of the K+-transport machinery in K+-deprived plants. Moreover, studies with the hak5 mutant showed that GSNO could either stimulate Rb+-uptake or does not lead to a significant effect on Rb+-uptake relative to -K+ and to -K+ in the presence of decayed GSNO, respectively, thus indicating that the presence of AtHAK5 is required for GSNO exerting an inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Oliferuk
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Simontacchi
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE, CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS, CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Guillermo E Santa-María
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zhang T, Ma M, Chen T, Zhang L, Fan L, Zhang W, Wei B, Li S, Xuan W, Noctor G, Han Y. Glutathione-dependent denitrosation of GSNOR1 promotes oxidative signalling downstream of H 2 O 2. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1175-1191. [PMID: 31990075 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiratory hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) plays key roles in pathogenesis responses by triggering the salicylic acid (SA) pathway in Arabidopsis. However, factors linking intracellular H2 O2 to activation of the SA pathway remain elusive. In this work, the catalase-deficient Arabidopsis mutant, cat2, was exploited to elucidate the impact of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) on H2 O2 -dependent signalling pathways. Introducing the gsnor1-3 mutation into the cat2 background increased S-nitrosothiol levels and abolished cat2-triggered cell death, SA accumulation, and associated gene expression but had little additional effect on the major components of the ascorbate-glutathione system or glycolate oxidase activities. Differential transcriptome profiles between gsnor1-3 and cat2 gsnor1-3 together with damped ROS-triggered gene expression in cat2 gsnor1-3 further indicated that GSNOR1 acts to mediate the SA pathway downstream of H2 O2 . Up-regulation of GSNOR activity was compromised in cat2 cad2 and cat2 pad2 mutants in which glutathione accumulation was genetically prevented. Experiments with purified recombinant GSNOR revealed that the enzyme is posttranslationally regulated by direct denitrosation in a glutathione-dependent manner. Together, our findings identify GSNOR1-controlled nitrosation as a key factor in activation of the SA pathway by H2 O2 and reveal that glutathione is required to maintain this biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianru Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Mingyue Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Lingling Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Graham Noctor
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université Evry, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Yi Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Cheng Y, Lin Y, Cao H, Li Z. Citrus Postharvest Green Mold: Recent Advances in Fungal Pathogenicity and Fruit Resistance. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E449. [PMID: 32209982 PMCID: PMC7143998 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As the major postharvest disease of citrus fruit, postharvest green mold is caused by the necrotrophic fungus Penicillium digitatum (Pd), which leads to huge economic losses worldwide. Fungicides are still the main method currently used to control postharvest green mold in citrus fruit storage. Investigating molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions, including pathogenicity and plant resistance, is crucial for developing novel and safer strategies for effectively controlling plant diseases. Despite fruit-pathogen interactions remaining relatively unexplored compared with well-studied leaf-pathogen interactions, progress has occurred in the citrus fruit-Pd interaction in recent years, mainly due to their genome sequencing and establishment or optimization of their genetic transformation systems. Recent advances in Pd pathogenicity on citrus fruit and fruit resistance against Pd infection are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China (H.C.)
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yunlong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China (H.C.)
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Haohao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China (H.C.)
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China (H.C.)
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Kerchev P, van der Meer T, Sujeeth N, Verlee A, Stevens CV, Van Breusegem F, Gechev T. Molecular priming as an approach to induce tolerance against abiotic and oxidative stresses in crop plants. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 40:107503. [PMID: 31901371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, extreme temperature, and pollutants, are the main cause of crop losses worldwide. Novel climate-adapted crops and stress tolerance-enhancing compounds are increasingly needed to counteract the negative effects of unfavorable stressful environments. A number of natural products and synthetic chemicals can protect model and crop plants against abiotic stresses through induction of molecular and physiological defense mechanisms, a process known as molecular priming. In addition to their stress-protective effect, some of these compounds can also stimulate plant growth. Here, we provide an overview of the known physiological and molecular mechanisms that induce molecular priming, together with a survey of the approaches aimed to discover and functionally study new stress-alleviating chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kerchev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tom van der Meer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Plant Systems Biology,VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Arno Verlee
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Plant Systems Biology,VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tsanko Gechev
- Department of Molecular Stress Physiology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria.
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Lenk M, Wenig M, Bauer K, Hug F, Knappe C, Lange B, Häußler F, Mengel F, Dey S, Schäffner A, Vlot AC. Pipecolic Acid Is Induced in Barley upon Infection and Triggers Immune Responses Associated with Elevated Nitric Oxide Accumulation. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1303-1313. [PMID: 31194615 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-19-0013-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pipecolic acid (Pip) is an essential component of systemic acquired resistance, priming resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana against (hemi)biotrophic pathogens. Here, we studied the potential role of Pip in bacteria-induced systemic immunity in barley. Exudates of barley leaves infected with the systemic immunity-inducing pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. japonica induced immune responses in A. thaliana. The same leaf exudates contained elevated Pip levels compared with those of mock-treated barley leaves. Exogenous application of Pip induced resistance in barley against the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis. Furthermore, both a systemic immunity-inducing infection and exogenous application of Pip enhanced the resistance of barley against the biotrophic powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. In contrast to a systemic immunity-inducing infection, Pip application did not influence lesion formation by a systemically applied inoculum of the necrotrophic fungus Pyrenophora teres. Nitric oxide (NO) levels in barley leaves increased after Pip application. Furthermore, X. translucens pv. cerealis induced the accumulation of superoxide anion radicals and this response was stronger in Pip-pretreated compared with mock-pretreated plants. Thus, the data suggest that Pip induces barley innate immune responses by triggering NO and priming reactive oxygen species accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Lenk
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Wenig
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kornelia Bauer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Hug
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Knappe
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Lange
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Finni Häußler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Mengel
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sanjukta Dey
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anton Schäffner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Corina Vlot
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Sánchez-Vicente I, Fernández-Espinosa MG, Lorenzo O. Nitric oxide molecular targets: reprogramming plant development upon stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4441-4460. [PMID: 31327004 PMCID: PMC6736187 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms that need to complete their life cycle by the integration of different abiotic and biotic environmental signals, tailoring developmental cues and defense concomitantly. Commonly, stress responses are detrimental to plant growth and, despite the fact that intensive efforts have been made to understand both plant development and defense separately, most of the molecular basis of this trade-off remains elusive. To cope with such a diverse range of processes, plants have developed several strategies including the precise balance of key plant growth and stress regulators [i.e. phytohormones, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)]. Among RNS, nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous gasotransmitter involved in redox homeostasis that regulates specific checkpoints to control the switch between development and stress, mainly by post-translational protein modifications comprising S-nitrosation of cysteine residues and metals, and nitration of tyrosine residues. In this review, we have sought to compile those known NO molecular targets able to balance the crossroads between plant development and stress, with special emphasis on the metabolism, perception, and signaling of the phytohormones abscisic acid and salicylic acid during abiotic and biotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Sánchez-Vicente
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Guadalupe Fernández-Espinosa
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Martínez-Medina A, Pescador L, Terrón-Camero LC, Pozo MJ, Romero-Puertas MC. Nitric oxide in plant-fungal interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4489-4503. [PMID: 31197351 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Whilst many interactions with fungi are detrimental for plants, others are beneficial and result in improved growth and stress tolerance. Thus, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to restrict pathogenic interactions while promoting mutualistic relationships. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of plant defence against fungal pathogens. NO triggers a reprograming of defence-related gene expression, the production of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties, and the hypersensitive response. More recent studies have shown a regulatory role of NO during the establishment of plant-fungal mutualistic associations from the early stages of the interaction. Indeed, NO has been recently shown to be produced by the plant after the recognition of root fungal symbionts, and to be required for the optimal control of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Although studies dealing with the function of NO in plant-fungal mutualistic associations are still scarce, experimental data indicate that different regulation patterns and functions for NO exist between plant interactions with pathogenic and mutualistic fungi. Here, we review recent progress in determining the functions of NO in plant-fungal interactions, and try to identify common and differential patterns related to pathogenic and mutualistic associations, and their impacts on plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leyre Pescador
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Plant Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Laura C Terrón-Camero
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Plant Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Plant Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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A role for S-nitrosylation of the SUMO-conjugating enzyme SCE1 in plant immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17090-17095. [PMID: 31371496 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900052116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation, the covalent attachment of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to target proteins, is emerging as a key modulator of eukaryotic immune function. In plants, a SUMO1/2-dependent process has been proposed to control the deployment of host defense responses. The molecular mechanism underpinning this activity remains to be determined, however. Here we show that increasing nitric oxide levels following pathogen recognition promote S-nitrosylation of the Arabidopsis SUMO E2 enzyme, SCE1, at Cys139. The SUMO-conjugating activities of both SCE1 and its human homolog, UBC9, were inhibited following this modification. Accordingly, mutation of Cys139 resulted in increased levels of SUMO1/2 conjugates, disabled immune responses, and enhanced pathogen susceptibility. Our findings imply that S-nitrosylation of SCE1 at Cys139 enables NO bioactivity to drive immune activation by relieving SUMO1/2-mediated suppression. The control of global SUMOylation is thought to occur predominantly at the level of each substrate via complex local machineries. Our findings uncover a parallel and complementary mechanism by suggesting that total SUMO conjugation may also be regulated directly by SNO formation at SCE1 Cys139. This Cys is evolutionary conserved and specifically S-nitrosylated in UBC9, implying that this immune-related regulatory process might be conserved across phylogenetic kingdoms.
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Zaffagnini M, Fermani S, Marchand CH, Costa A, Sparla F, Rouhier N, Geigenberger P, Lemaire SD, Trost P. Redox Homeostasis in Photosynthetic Organisms: Novel and Established Thiol-Based Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:155-210. [PMID: 30499304 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Redox homeostasis consists of an intricate network of reactions in which reactive molecular species, redox modifications, and redox proteins act in concert to allow both physiological responses and adaptation to stress conditions. Recent Advances: This review highlights established and novel thiol-based regulatory pathways underlying the functional facets and significance of redox biology in photosynthetic organisms. In the last decades, the field of redox regulation has largely expanded and this work is aimed at giving the right credit to the importance of thiol-based regulatory and signaling mechanisms in plants. Critical Issues: This cannot be all-encompassing, but is intended to provide a comprehensive overview on the structural/molecular mechanisms governing the most relevant thiol switching modifications with emphasis on the large genetic and functional diversity of redox controllers (i.e., redoxins). We also summarize the different proteomic-based approaches aimed at investigating the dynamics of redox modifications and the recent evidence that extends the possibility to monitor the cellular redox state in vivo. The physiological relevance of redox transitions is discussed based on reverse genetic studies confirming the importance of redox homeostasis in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Future Directions: In conclusion, we can firmly assume that redox biology has acquired an established significance that virtually infiltrates all aspects of plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zaffagnini
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- 2 Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alex Costa
- 4 Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Peter Geigenberger
- 6 Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biozentrum, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Trost
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Liu YN, Tong T, Zhang RR, Liu LM, Shi ML, Ma YC, Liu GQ. Interdependent nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide independently regulate the coix seed oil-induced triterpene acid accumulation in Ganoderma lingzhi. Mycologia 2019; 111:529-540. [PMID: 31158070 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1615816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress has been made in adding exogenous vegetable oils in culture media to promote bioactive metabolite production in several medicinal mushrooms, but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that the vegetable oil coix seed oil (CSO) could induce the biosynthesis of triterpene acids (TAs) and also significantly increase cytoplasmic nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations in the mycelium of Ganoderma lingzhi. The change in TA biosynthesis caused by CSO could be reversed by adding NO scavenger or H2O2 scavenger, and adding NO scavenger or H2O2 scavenger resulted in the reduction of the cytoplasmic H2O2 or NO concentration under CSO treatment, respectively. Moreover, adding NO scavenger or H2O2 scavenger reversed TA biosynthesis, which could be rescued by H2O2 or NO donor, respectively. Taken together, our study indicated that both NO and H2O2 were involved in the regulation of TA biosynthesis, and CSO-activated NO and H2O2 were interdependent but independently regulated the TA biosynthesis under CSO treatment in G. lingzhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Nan Liu
- a International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology , 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004 , China.,b Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology , Changsha 410004 , China
| | - Tian Tong
- a International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology , 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004 , China.,b Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology , Changsha 410004 , China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- a International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology , 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004 , China.,b Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology , Changsha 410004 , China
| | - Li-Ming Liu
- c School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Mu-Ling Shi
- a International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology , 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004 , China.,b Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology , Changsha 410004 , China
| | - You-Chu Ma
- a International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology , 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004 , China.,b Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology , Changsha 410004 , China
| | - Gao-Qiang Liu
- a International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology , 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004 , China.,b Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology , Changsha 410004 , China
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