1
|
Appenroth D, Cázarez-Márquez F. Seasonal food intake and energy balance: Neuronal and non-neuronal control mechanisms. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110050. [PMID: 38914372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Animals inhabiting temperate and high latitudes undergo drastic seasonal changes in energy storage, facilitated by changes in food intake and body mass. Those seasonal changes in the animal's biology are not mere consequences of environmental energy availability but are anticipatory responses to the energetic requirements of the upcoming season and are actively timed by tracking the annual progression in photoperiod. In this review, we discuss how photoperiod is used to control energy balance seasonally and how this is distinct from energy homeostasis. Most notably, we suggest that photoperiodic control of food intake and body mass does not originate from the arcuate nucleus, as for homeostatic appetite control, but is rather to be found in hypothalamic tanycytes. Tanycytes are specialized ependymal cells lining the third ventricle, which can sense metabolites from the cerebrospinal fluid (e.g. glucose) and can control access of circulating signals to the brain. They are also essential in conveying time-of-year information by integrating photoperiod and altering hypothalamic thyroid metabolism, a feature that is conserved in seasonal vertebrates and connects to seasonal breeding and metabolism. We also discuss how homeostatic feedback signals are handled during times of rapid energetic transitions. Studies on leptin in seasonal mammals suggest a seasonal shift in central sensitivity and blood-brain transport, which might be facilitated by tanycytes. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Food intake and feeding states".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Appenroth
- Arctic Seasonal Timekeeping Initiative (ASTI), Arctic Chronobiology & Physiology, Arctic & Marine Biology, BFE, UiT - Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Fernando Cázarez-Márquez
- Arctic Seasonal Timekeeping Initiative (ASTI), Arctic Chronobiology & Physiology, Arctic & Marine Biology, BFE, UiT - Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ortiz JA, Ghazalli N, Lopez K, Rawson J, McCown EM, Oh E, Irimia JM, Jou K, Mares J, Chen MH, Wu X, Zook HN, Quijano JC, Erdem N, Lizarraga A, Kandeel F, Fueger PT, Thurmond DC, Ku HT. Trefoil Factor 2 Expressed by the Murine Pancreatic Acinar Cells Is Required for the Development of Islets and for β-Cell Function During Aging. Diabetes 2024; 73:1447-1461. [PMID: 38905124 PMCID: PMC11333379 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Exocrine-to-endocrine cross talk in the pancreas is crucial to maintain β-cell function. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this cross talk are largely undefined. Trefoil factor 2 (Tff2) is a secreted factor known to promote the proliferation of β-cells in vitro, but its physiological role in vivo in the pancreas is unknown. Also, it remains unclear which pancreatic cell type expresses Tff2 protein. We therefore created a mouse model with a conditional knockout of Tff2 in the murine pancreas. We find that the Tff2 protein is preferentially expressed in acinar but not ductal or endocrine cells. Tff2 deficiency in the pancreas reduces β-cell mass on embryonic day 16.5. However, homozygous mutant mice are born without a reduction of β-cells and with acinar Tff3 compensation by day 7. When mice are aged to 1 year, both male and female homozygous and male heterozygous mutants develop impaired glucose tolerance without affected insulin sensitivity. Perifusion analysis reveals that the second phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from islets is reduced in aged homozygous mutant compared with controls. Collectively, these results demonstrate a previously unknown role of Tff2 as an exocrine acinar cell-derived protein required for maintaining functional endocrine β-cells in mice. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Ortiz
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Irell and Manella School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Nadiah Ghazalli
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Irell and Manella School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Kassandra Lopez
- Irell and Manella School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jeffrey Rawson
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Erika M. McCown
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Eunjin Oh
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jose M. Irimia
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Kevin Jou
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jacob Mares
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Xiwei Wu
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Heather N. Zook
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Irell and Manella School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Janine C. Quijano
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Neslihan Erdem
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Irell and Manella School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Anahy Lizarraga
- Eugene and Ruth Roberts Summer Student Academy, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Patrick T. Fueger
- Irell and Manella School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Irell and Manella School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Irell and Manella School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koceva A, Herman R, Janez A, Rakusa M, Jensterle M. Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Obesity: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7342. [PMID: 39000449 PMCID: PMC11242171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, primarily characterized by excessive fat accumulation, is a multifactorial chronic disease with an increasing global prevalence. Despite the well-documented epidemiology and significant advances in understanding its pathophysiology and clinical implications, the impact of sex is typically overlooked in obesity research. Worldwide, women have a higher likelihood to become obese compared to men. Although women are offered weight loss interventions more often and at earlier stages than men, they are more vulnerable to psychopathology. Men, on the other hand, are less likely to pursue weight loss intervention and are more susceptible to the metabolic implications of obesity. In this narrative review, we comprehensively explored sex- and gender-specific differences in the development of obesity, focusing on a variety of biological variables, such as body composition, fat distribution and energy partitioning, the impact of sex steroid hormones and gut microbiota diversity, chromosomal and genetic variables, and behavioural and sociocultural variables influencing obesity development in men and women. Sex differences in obesity-related comorbidities and varying effectiveness of different weight loss interventions are also extensively discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Koceva
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Medical Center Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Rok Herman
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Rakusa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Jensterle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mazza E, Troiano E, Ferro Y, Lisso F, Tosi M, Turco E, Pujia R, Montalcini T. Obesity, Dietary Patterns, and Hormonal Balance Modulation: Gender-Specific Impacts. Nutrients 2024; 16:1629. [PMID: 38892561 PMCID: PMC11174431 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the intricate relationship between nutrition, hormonal balance, and gender-specific factors is crucial for developing targeted interventions to mitigate obesity-related endocrine disruptions and improve metabolic health. This narrative review examines the impact of various dietary patterns on hormonal regulation in both men and women, focusing on their effects on hormonal balance and metabolic health in the context of obesity. Calorie restriction, the Western diet, high-fat diets, low-CHO diets, plant-based diets, and the Mediterranean diet are analyzed in relation to their influence on obesity-related endocrine disruptions and metabolic health. Future research directions include investigating the specific mechanisms underlying dietary influences on hormonal regulation, addressing the gender-specific metabolic differences and body fat distribution, and exploring the dietary needs of individuals undergoing gender transition. Personalized dietary interventions tailored to individual metabolic and hormonal profiles are essential for optimizing health outcomes across the gender spectrum. By integrating gender-specific considerations into dietary recommendations, healthcare professionals can better support individuals in achieving optimal metabolic health and hormonal balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mazza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.M.); (T.M.)
- Technical Scientific Association of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics (ASAND), 95128 Catania, Italy; (E.T.); (F.L.)
| | - Ersilia Troiano
- Technical Scientific Association of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics (ASAND), 95128 Catania, Italy; (E.T.); (F.L.)
- Social Educational Directorate of Rome III Montesacro Municipality, 00139 Rome, Italy
| | - Yvelise Ferro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (Y.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Fabrizia Lisso
- Technical Scientific Association of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics (ASAND), 95128 Catania, Italy; (E.T.); (F.L.)
- “Sant’Anna” Hospital, San Fermo della Battaglia, 22042 Como, Italy
| | - Martina Tosi
- Technical Scientific Association of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics (ASAND), 95128 Catania, Italy; (E.T.); (F.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Turco
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberta Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (Y.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.M.); (T.M.)
- Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Segun A, Zhang B, Mary AM, Kibenja D, Ma J, Said S, Adeniyi I, Barrow LF. Exploring the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity among Nigerian adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1319. [PMID: 38750540 PMCID: PMC11094914 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE No previous study has investigated the association between dietary pattern and both general and abdominal obesity risk among adults in Nigeria. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of obesity among adult age 18 and above in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGNS A total of 1003 adults were included in this cross-sectional study (males = 558; females = 445). Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip (WHR) were used to assess general and abdominal obesity respectively and they were categorized using WHO recommendation. Partial correlation analyses were performed to assess the associations of dietary patterns with BMI and WHR. Prevalence ratio between dietary pattern and both general and abdominal obesity were calculated using Robust Poisson Regression. RESULTS The prevalence of general obesity among adults was 15.9%, (11.6% among men and 20.2% among women); abdominal obesity was 32.3% (28.9% among males and 44.5% among females). Four dietary patterns were identified; diversified traditional pattern; typical traditional pattern; milk and bread pattern and egg and fish pattern. Diversified traditional pattern was negatively associated with BMI (PR = 0.571, 95%CI: 0.360 ~ 0.905, p = 0.017), and typical traditional pattern was positively associated with BMI (PR = 1.561, 95% CI: 1.043 ~ 2.339, p = 0.031) and WHR in females (PR = 1.849, 95% CI: 1.256 ~ 2.721, p = 0.005). In comparison to those in the lowest quartile, adults with the highest quartile of the typical traditional pattern had a higher risk for abdominal obesity (PR = 1.849, 95%CI = 1.256 ~ 2.721, p = 0.020). CONCLUSION This study reports an alarming increase in Obesity prevalence among Nigeria adults which is greatly influence by their lifestyle and eating pattern. We found out that a typical traditional food pattern was associated with a higher risk of both general and abdominal obesity, but a diverse traditional food pattern was associated to a reduced risk of general obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asaolu Segun
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abiona Modupe Mary
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dennis Kibenja
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Seif Said
- Department Of Nursing and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Allied Science, Zanzibar University, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Idowu Adeniyi
- Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Lamin F Barrow
- The Department of Public and Environmental Health, School of Medicine and Allied Health Science, University of Gambia, Serekunda, The Gambia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jo YH. Differential transcriptional profiles of vagal sensory neurons in female and male mice. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1393196. [PMID: 38808032 PMCID: PMC11131592 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1393196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Differences in metabolic homeostasis, diabetes, and obesity between males and females are evident in rodents and humans. Vagal sensory neurons in the vagus nerve ganglia innervate a variety of visceral organs and use specialized nerve endings to sense interoceptive signals. This visceral organ-brain axis plays a role in relaying interoceptive signals to higher brain centers, as well as in regulating the vago-vagal reflex. I hypothesized that molecularly distinct populations of vagal sensory neurons would play a role in causing differences in metabolic homeostasis between the sexes. Methods SnRNA-Seq was conducted on dissociated cells from the vagus nerve ganglia using the 10X Genomics Chromium platform. Results Single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis of vagal sensory neurons from female and male mice revealed differences in the transcriptional profiles of cells in the vagus nerve ganglia. These differences are linked to the expression of sex-specific genes such as Xist, Tsix, and Ddx3y. Among the 13 neuronal clusters, one-fourth of the neurons in male mice were located in the Ddx3y-enriched VN1 and VN8 clusters, which displayed higher enrichment of Trpv1, Piezo2, Htr3a, and Vip genes. In contrast, 70% of the neurons in females were found in Xist-enriched clusters VN4, 6, 7, 10, 11, and 13, which showed enriched genes such as Fgfr1, Lpar1, Cpe, Esr1, Nrg1, Egfr, and Oprm1. Two clusters of satellite cells were identified, one of which contained oligodendrocyte precursor cells in male mice. A small population of cells expressed Ucp1 and Plin1, indicating that they are epineural adipocytes. Discussion Understanding the physiological implications of distinct transcriptomic profiles in vagal sensory neurons on energy balance and metabolic homeostasis would help develop sex-specific treatments for obesity and metabolic dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwan Jo
- The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Toniolo L, Gazzin S, Rosso N, Giraudi P, Bonazza D, Concato M, Zanconati F, Tiribelli C, Giacomello E. Gender Differences in the Impact of a High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet in Skeletal Muscles of Young Female and Male Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1467. [PMID: 38794705 PMCID: PMC11124085 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of the increasing number of obese individuals, a major problem is represented by obesity and malnutrition in children. This condition is mainly ascribable to unbalanced diets characterized by high intakes of fat and sugar. Childhood obesity and malnutrition are not only associated with concurrent pathologies but potentially compromise adult life. Considering the strict correlation among systemic metabolism, obesity, and skeletal muscle health, we wanted to study the impact of juvenile malnutrition on the adult skeletal muscle. To this aim, 3-week-old C56BL/6 female and male mice were fed for 20 weeks on a high-fat. high-sugar diet, and their muscles were subjected to a histological evaluation. MyHCs expression, glycogen content, intramyocellular lipids, mitochondrial activity, and capillary density were analyzed on serial sections to obtain the metabolic profile. Our observations indicate that a high-fat, high-sugar diet alters the metabolic profile of skeletal muscles in a sex-dependent way and induces the increase in type II fibers, mitochondrial activity, and lipid content in males, while reducing the capillary density in females. These data highlight the sex-dependent response to nutrition, calling for the development of specific strategies and for a systematic inclusion of female subjects in basic and applied research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Toniolo
- Laboratory of Muscle Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (N.R.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Natalia Rosso
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (N.R.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Pablo Giraudi
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (N.R.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.B.); (M.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Monica Concato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.B.); (M.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.B.); (M.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (N.R.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Emiliana Giacomello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.B.); (M.C.); (F.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Y, Hang X, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Yuan S, Zhang Y, Wu B, Kong Y, Kuang Z, Sun W. Maternal immune activation induces sex-dependent behavioral differences in a rat model of schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1375999. [PMID: 38659461 PMCID: PMC11040086 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1375999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a mature means to construct a schizophrenia model. However, some preclinical studies have reported that a MIA-induced schizophrenia model seemed to have gender heterogeneity in behavioral phenotype. On the other hand, the MIA's paradigms were diverse in different studies, and many details could affect the effect of MIA. To some extent, it is not credible and scientific to directly compare the gender differences of different MIA programs. Therefore, it is necessary to study whether the sex of the exposed offspring leads to behavioral differences on the premise of maintaining a consistent MIA mode. Methods An animal model of schizophrenia was established by the administration of 10 mg/kg Poly (I: C) when dams were on day 9 of gestation. Then, a number of female and male offspring completed a series of behavioral tests during postnatal days 61-75. Results Compared with the female control group (n = 14), female MIA offspring (n = 12) showed a longer movement distance (d = 1.07, p < 0.05) and higher average speed (d = 1.08, p < 0.05) in the open field test (OFT). In the Y maze test, the percentage of entering the novel arm of female MIA offspring was lower (d = 0.92, p < 0.05). Compared with the male control group (n = 14), male MIA offspring (n = 13) displayed less movement distance (d = 0.93, p < 0.05) and a lower average speed (d = 0.94, p < 0.05) in the OFT. In the Y maze test, the proportion of exploration time in the novel arm of male MIA offspring was lower (d = 0.96, p < 0.05). In the EPM, male MIA offspring showed less time (d = 0.85, p < 0.05) and a lower percentage of time spent in the open arms (d = 0.85, p < 0.05). Male MIA offspring also had a lower PPI index (76 dB + 120 dB, d = 0.81, p < 0.05; 80 dB + 120 dB, d = 1.45, p < 0.01). Conclusions Our results showed that the behavioral phenotypes induced by prenatal immune activation were highly dependent on the sex of the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Fang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shanfang Yuan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Kong
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zihe Kuang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- Department of Encephalopathy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zuo Q, Park NH, Lee JK, Santaliz-Casiano A, Madak-Erdogan Z. Navigating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Exploring the roles of estrogens, pharmacological and medical interventions, and life style. Steroids 2024; 203:109330. [PMID: 37923152 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of studying this subject is driven by the urgency to address the increasing global prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and its profound health implications. NAFLD represents a significant public health concern due to its association with metabolic disorders, cardiovascular complications, and the potential progression to more severe conditions like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Liver estrogen signaling is important for maintaining liver function, and loss of estrogens increases the likelihood of NAFLD in postmenopausal women. Understanding the multifaceted mechanisms underlying NAFLD pathogenesis, its varied treatment strategies, and their effectiveness is crucial for devising comprehensive and targeted interventions. By unraveling the intricate interplay between genetics, lifestyle, hormonal regulation, and gut microbiota, we can unlock insights into risk stratification, early detection, and personalized therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, investigating the emerging pharmaceutical interventions and dietary modifications offers the potential to revolutionize disease management. This review reinforces the role of collaboration in refining NAFLD comprehension, unveiling novel therapeutic pathways, and ultimately improving patient outcomes for this intricate hepatic condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Zuo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Nicole Hwajin Park
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Jenna Kathryn Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ashlie Santaliz-Casiano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tang S, Huang L, Lin F, Chen X, Wang Y, Xu J, Wang Y, Gao J, Xiao Q. Sex steroid and cognitive function among community-dwelling older men with or without vascular risk factors: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:147. [PMID: 38350861 PMCID: PMC10865607 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship of testosterone and estradiol concentrations with cognitive function among community-dwelling older men was inconclusive. To examine the association of serum testosterone and estradiol concentrations with cognitive function in older men with or without vascular risk factors (VRFs). METHODS This cross-sectional study consisted of 224 community-dwelling men aged 65-90 years in the Songjiang District of Shanghai, China. Serum testosterone and estradiol were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The following five factors were defined as VRFs in this study: obesity, history of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association of testosterone and estradiol with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in participants with or without VRF. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was performed to account for the nonlinearity of these associations. RESULTS An inverted "U" shaped non-linear relationship was found between testosterone concentration and MMSE score in men with one VRF (P overall =.003, non-linear P =.002). Estradiol showed an inverted "U" shaped non-linear relationship with MMSE score independent of VRFs (men without VRF, P overall =.049, non-linear P =.015; men with one VRF, overall P =.007, non-linear P =.003; men with two or more VRFs, overall P =.009, non-linear P =.005). CONCLUSION In older men, an optimal level of sex steroid concentration may be beneficial to cognitive function and the VRFs should be considered when interpreting the relationship between sex steroid and cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Limei Huang
- Songjiang Center of Disease Prevention and Control, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangting Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuqin Chen
- Songjiang Center of Disease Prevention and Control, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhui Wang
- Songjiang District Xinqiao Town Community Health Service Center, 201600, Shanghai, China
| | - Jixiang Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Junling Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qianyi Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim L, Choi YH, Huh DA, Moon KW. Associations of minimally processed and ultra-processed food intakes with cardiovascular health in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI), 2013-2015. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00646-1. [PMID: 38307938 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although recent studies have suggested the adverse effects of processed foods on cardiovascular disease, few studies have been conducted on the effects of food processing on cardiovascular health (CVH) in Koreans. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the associations of minimally processed foods (MPF) and ultra-processed foods (UPF) intakes with CVH. METHODS We used the data of 6945 adults (≥19) from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MPF and UPF intakes were based on the NOVA food classification. Using Life's simple 7 (LS7) proposed by the American Heart Association, the CVH indicator was estimated as the sum (0-12) of the scores of six components. Multiple linear and multinomial logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations between processed food intakes and CVH. RESULTS The mean (standard error) of MPF and UPF intake was 61.28 (0.28) and 20.27 (0.24) %kcal/day, respectively. After adjusting for sex, age, household income, educational attainment, family history of CVD, and stress, we found significant positive associations between MPF intake and CVH (p value < 0.001), while associations between UPF intake and CVH were significantly negative (p value < 0.001). Moreover, the magnitude of the observed association was more distinctive in females (p-interaction < 0.01) and with increasing age (p-interaction < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A high intake of MPF is associated with improved CVH, while a high intake of UPF is associated with poorer CVH in Korean adults. Therefore, public health policies should be established to promote the choice of less processed foods to improve CVH among South Korean adults. IMPACT STATEMENT In modern society, processed foods have become ubiquitous and South Korea's consumption of processed foods is very high. This study had shown that the more processed a food is, the more negative impact it can have on cardiovascular health. Therefore, researching the effects of processed foods on the human body can increase understanding of population health and aid in the development of prevention and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lita Kim
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Da-An Huh
- Institute of Health Sciences, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Kyong Whan Moon
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- School of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hwang J, Okada J, Liu L, Pessin JE, Schwartz GJ, Jo YH. Loss of the brain-liver axis prevents hepatic steatosis in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.03.565494. [PMID: 38260695 PMCID: PMC10802435 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic lipid metabolism is regulated by the autonomic nervous system of the liver, with the sympathetic innervation being extensively studied, while the parasympathetic efferent innervation is less understood despite its potential importance. In this study, we investigate the consequences of disrupted brain-liver communication on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice exposed to obesogenic conditions. We found that a subset of hepatocytes and the bile duct are innervated by parasympathetic nerves originating from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. The elimination of the brain-liver axis by deleting parasympathetic cholinergic neurons innervating the liver prevents hepatic steatosis and promots browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT). The loss of the brain-liver axis also raises hepatic Cyp7b1 expression and fasting serum bile acid levels. Furthermore, knockdown of the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 gene in ingWAT reverses the beneficial effects of the loss of the brain-liver axis, leading to the reappearance of hepatic steatosis in the experimental groups. However, deleting the brain-liver axis has a small but significant effect on body weight, which is accompanied by an increase in energy expenditure. Therefore, altering parasympathetic cholinergic innervation of the liver could offer a potential therapeutic approach for enhancing hepatic lipid metabolism in obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Nasr MK, Schurmann C, Böttinger EP, Teumer A. Mendelian randomization indicates causal effects of estradiol levels on kidney function in males. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232266. [PMID: 38169598 PMCID: PMC10758447 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health burden worldwide. Epidemiological studies observed an association between sex hormones, including estradiol, and kidney function. Objective We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess a possible causal effect of estradiol levels on kidney function in males and females. Design We performed a bidirectional two-sample MR using published genetic associations of serum levels of estradiol in men (n = 206,927) and women (n = 229,966), and of kidney traits represented by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, n = 567,460), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR, n = 547,361), and CKD (n = 41,395 cases and n = 439,303 controls) using data obtained from the CKDGen Consortium. Additionally, we conducted a genome-wide association study using UK Biobank cohort study data (n = 11,798 men and n = 6,835 women) to identify novel genetic associations with levels of estradiol, and then used these variants as instruments in a one-sample MR. Results The two-sample MR indicated that genetically predicted estradiol levels are significantly associated with eGFR in men (beta = 0.077; p = 5.2E-05). We identified a single locus at chromosome 14 associated with estradiol levels in men being significant in the one-sample MR on eGFR (beta = 0.199; p = 0.017). We revealed significant results with eGFR in postmenopausal women and with UACR in premenopausal women, which did not reach statistical significance in the sensitivity MR analyses. No causal effect of eGFR or UACR on estradiol levels was found. Conclusions We conclude that serum estradiol levels may have a causal effect on kidney function. Our MR results provide starting points for studies to develop therapeutic strategies to reduce kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kamal Nasr
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Erwin P. Böttinger
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guriec N, Le Foll C, Delarue J. Long-chain n-3 PUFA given before and throughout gestation and lactation in rats prevent high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in male offspring in a tissue-specific manner. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1121-1136. [PMID: 36688295 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) given to pregnant rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet may prevent fetal programming in male offspring at adulthood. Six weeks before mating, and throughout gestation and lactation, female nulliparous Sprague-Dawley rats were given a chow (C) diet, HF (60·6 % fat from maize, rapeseed oils and lard) or HF in which one-third of fat was replaced by fish oil (HF n-3). At weaning, the three offspring groups were randomly separated in two groups fed C diet, or HF without LC n-3 PUFA, for 7 weeks until adulthood. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test both at weaning and at adulthood. Insulin signalling was determined in liver, muscle and adipose tissue by quantification of the phosphorylation of Akt on Ser 473 at adulthood. At weaning, as at adulthood, offspring from HF-fed dams were obese and displayed glucose intolerance (GI) and insulin resistance (IR), but not those from HFn-3 fed dams. Following the post-weaning C diet, phosphorylation of Akt was strongly reduced in all tissues of offspring from HF dams, but to a lesser extent in liver and muscle of offspring from HFn-3 dams. However, it was abolished in all tissues of all offspring groups fed the HF post-weaning diet. Thus, LC n-3 PUFA introduced in a HF in dams partially prevented the transmission of GI and IR in adult offspring even though they were fed without LC n-3 PUFA from weaning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Guriec
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Christelle Le Foll
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jacques Delarue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
- ER 7479 SPURBO, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kühnel A, Hagenberg J, Knauer-Arloth J, Ködel M, Czisch M, Sämann PG, Binder EB, Kroemer NB. Stress-induced brain responses are associated with BMI in women. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1031. [PMID: 37821711 PMCID: PMC10567923 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with altered stress reactivity and increased inflammation. However, it is not known whether stress-induced changes in brain function scale with BMI and if such associations are driven by peripheral cytokines. Here, we investigate multimodal stress responses in a large transdiagnostic sample using predictive modeling based on spatio-temporal profiles of stress-induced changes in activation and functional connectivity. BMI is associated with increased brain responses as well as greater negative affect after stress and individual response profiles are associated with BMI in females (pperm < 0.001), but not males. Although stress-induced changes reflecting BMI are associated with baseline cortisol, there is no robust association with peripheral cytokines. To conclude, alterations in body weight and energy metabolism might scale acute brain responses to stress more strongly in females compared to males, echoing observational studies. Our findings highlight sex-dependent associations of stress with differences in endocrine markers, largely independent of peripheral inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kühnel
- Section of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany.
| | - Jonas Hagenberg
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Janine Knauer-Arloth
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maik Ködel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Mental Health, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nils B Kroemer
- Section of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang Z, Wang YE, Kirschke CP, Stephensen CB, Newman JW, Keim NL, Cai Y, Huang L. Effects of a genetic variant rs13266634 in the zinc transporter 8 gene (SLC30A8) on insulin and lipid levels before and after a high-fat mixed macronutrient tolerance test in U.S. adults. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 77:127142. [PMID: 36827808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common C-allele of rs13266634 (c.973C>T or p.Arg325Trp) in SLC30A8 (ZNT8) is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. While previous studies have examined the correlation of the variant with insulin and glucose metabolism, the effects of this variant on insulin and lipid responses after a lipid challenge in humans remain elusive. The goal of this study was to determine whether the C-allele had an impact on an individual's risk to metabolic syndromes in U.S. adults. METHOD We studied the genotypes of rs13266634 in 349 individuals aged between 18 and 65 y with BMI ranging from 18.5 to 45 kg/m2. The subjects were evaluated for insulin, glucose, HbA1c, ghrelin, and lipid profiles before and after a high-fat mixed macronutrient tolerance test (MMTT). RESULTS We found that the effects of variants rs13266634 on glucose and lipid metabolism were sex-dimorphic, greater impact on males than on females. Insulin incremental area under the curve (AUC) after MMTT was significantly decreased in men with the CC genotype (p < 0.05). Men with the CC genotype also had the lowest fasting non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. On the other hand, the TT genotype was associated with a slower triglyceride removal from the circulation in men after MMTT. The reduced triglyceride removal was also observed in subjects with BMI ≥ 30 carrying either the heterozygous or homozygous T-allele. Nevertheless, the SNP had little effect on fasting or postprandial blood glucose and cholesterol concentrations. CONCLUSION We conclude that the CC genotype negatively affects insulin response after MMTT while the T-allele may negatively influence lipolysis during fasting and postprandial blood triglyceride removal in men and obese subjects, a novel finding in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Yang
- Graduate Group of Nutritional Biology, Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yining E Wang
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Catherine P Kirschke
- USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- Graduate Group of Nutritional Biology, Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John W Newman
- Graduate Group of Nutritional Biology, Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Graduate Group of Nutritional Biology, Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yimeng Cai
- Graduate Group of Nutritional Biology, Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Davis, 2805 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Liping Huang
- Graduate Group of Nutritional Biology, Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rajcsanyi LS, Hoffmann A, Ghosh A, Matrisch-Dinkler B, Zheng Y, Peters T, Sun W, Dong H, Noé F, Wolfrum C, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Seitz J, de Zwaan M, Herzog W, Ehrlich S, Zipfel S, Giel K, Egberts K, Burghardt R, Föcker M, Tsai LT, Müller TD, Blüher M, Hebebrand J, Hirtz R, Hinney A. Genetic variants in genes involved in creatine biosynthesis in patients with severe obesity or anorexia nervosa. Front Genet 2023; 14:1128133. [PMID: 37101650 PMCID: PMC10123275 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1128133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue might have an obesity-reducing effect in humans. In transgenic mice, depletion of genes involved in creatine metabolism results in disrupted thermogenic capacity and altered effects of high-fat feeding on body weight. Data analyses of a sex-stratified genome-wide association study (GWAS) for body mass index (BMI) within the genomic regions of genes of this pathway (CKB, CKMT1B, and GATM) revealed one sex-dimorphic BMI-associated SNP in CKB (rs1136165). The effect size was larger in females than in males. A mutation screen of the coding regions of these three candidate genes in a screening group (192 children and adolescents with severe obesity, 192 female patients with anorexia nervosa, and 192 healthy-lean controls) identified five variants in each, CKB and GATM, and nine variants in the coding sequence of CKMT1B. Non-synonymous variants identified in CKB and CKMT1B were genotyped in an independent confirmation study group (781 families with severe obesity (trios), 320 children and adolescents with severe obesity, and 253 healthy-lean controls). In silico tools predicted mainly benign yet protein-destabilizing potentials. A transmission disequilibrium test in trios with severe obesity indicated an obesity-protective effect of the infrequent allele at rs149544188 located in CKMT1B. Subsequent correlation analyses in 1,479 individuals of the Leipzig Obesity BioBank revealed distinct correlations of CKB with the other two genes in omental visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Furthermore, between-subject comparisons of gene expression levels showed generally higher expressions of all three genes of interest in VAT than in SAT. Future in vitro analyses are needed to assess the functional implications of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa S. Rajcsanyi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Matrisch-Dinkler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yiran Zheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Falko Noé
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine II, General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Excellence in Eating Disorders KOMET, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Excellence in Eating Disorders KOMET, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Burghardt
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Oberberg Fachklinik Fasanenkiez Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Linus T. Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Timo D. Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Raphael Hirtz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rare Diseases, and CeSER, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Clinic for Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Petrecca S, Quail DF. Mouse Models of Obesity to Study the Tumor-Immune Microenvironment. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2614:121-138. [PMID: 36587123 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2914-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation and leads to changes in the immune microenvironment of various tissues. As a result, obesity is associated with increased risk of cancer and a worse prognosis in patients. Given the prevalence of obesity worldwide, understanding the fundamental biology governing the relationship between obesity and cancer is critical. In this chapter, we describe preclinical models of obesity that can be combined with standard tumor models and techniques to study the tumor-immune microenvironment. We also discuss important considerations when planning experiments involving these models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Petrecca
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Koller EC, Egede LE, Garacci E, Williams JS. Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Food Insecurity and Body Mass Index Among Adults in the USA. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:4202-4208. [PMID: 35867304 PMCID: PMC9708957 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the USA, nearly 40% of adults ≥ 20 years have a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30, and 11% of households are reported as food insecure. In adults, evidence shows women are more likely than men to be food insecure. Among adults with food insecurity, differences in BMI exist between men and women with women reporting higher BMI. Factors associated with this difference in BMI between genders are less understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in the relationship between food insecurity and BMI. DESIGN Hierarchical models were analyzed using a general linear model by entering covariates sequentially in blocks (demographics, lifestyle behaviors, comorbidities, and dietary variables) and stratified by gender. PARTICIPANTS The sample included 25,567 adults in the USA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2014. MAIN MEASURES The dependent variable was BMI, and food insecurity was the primary predictor. KEY RESULTS Approximately 51% of the sample was women. Food insecure women were significantly more likely to have higher BMI compared to food secure women in the fully adjusted model after controlling for demographics (β = 1.79; 95% CI 1.17, 2.41); demographic and lifestyle factors (β = 1.79; 95% CI 1.19, 2.38); demographic, lifestyle, and comorbidities (β = 1.21; 95% CI 0.65, 1.77); and demographic, lifestyle, comorbidities, and dietary variables (β = 1.23; 95% CI 0.67, 1.79). There were no significant associations between food insecure and food secure men in the fully adjusted model variables (β = 0.36; 95% CI - 0.26, 0.98). CONCLUSION In this sample of adults, food insecurity was significantly associated with higher BMI among women after adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and dietary variables. This difference was not observed among men. More research is necessary to understand this relationship among women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonard E Egede
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Center for Advancing Population Science (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, 10361 W. Innovation Drive, Suite 2100, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Emma Garacci
- Center for Advancing Population Science (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, 10361 W. Innovation Drive, Suite 2100, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Joni S Williams
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Center for Advancing Population Science (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, 10361 W. Innovation Drive, Suite 2100, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hayes AMR, Tsan L, Kao AE, Schwartz GM, Décarie-Spain L, Tierno Lauer L, Klug ME, Schier LA, Kanoski SE. Early Life Low-Calorie Sweetener Consumption Impacts Energy Balance during Adulthood. Nutrients 2022; 14:4709. [PMID: 36432396 PMCID: PMC9694170 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Children frequently consume beverages that are either sweetened with sugars (sugar-sweetened beverages; SSB) or low-calorie sweeteners (LCS). Here, we evaluated the effects of habitual early life consumption of either SSB or LCS on energy balance later during adulthood. Male and female rats were provided with chow, water, and a solution containing either SSB (sucrose), LCS (acesulfame potassium (ACE-K) or stevia), or control (no solution) during the juvenile and adolescent periods (postnatal days 26-70). SSB or LCS consumption was voluntary and restricted within the recommended federal daily limits. When subsequently maintained on a cafeteria-style junk food diet (CAF; various high-fat, high-sugar foods) during adulthood, ACE-K-exposed rats demonstrated reduced caloric consumption vs. the controls, which contributed to lower body weights in female, but not male, ACE-K rats. These discrepant intakes and body weight effects in male ACE-K rats are likely to be based on reduced gene expression of thermogenic indicators (UCP1, BMP8B) in brown adipose tissue. Female stevia-exposed rats did not differ from the controls in terms of caloric intake or body weight, yet they consumed more SSB during CAF exposure in adulthood. None of the SSB-exposed rats, neither male nor female, differed from the controls in terms of total adult caloric consumption or body weight measures. The collective results reveal that early life LCS consumption alters sugar preference, body weight, and gene expression for markers of thermogenesis during adulthood, with both sex- and sweetener-dependent effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. R. Hayes
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Linda Tsan
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Alicia E. Kao
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Grace M. Schwartz
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Léa Décarie-Spain
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Logan Tierno Lauer
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Molly E. Klug
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Lindsey A. Schier
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Scott E. Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Duderstadt EL, Samuelson DJ. Rat Mammary carcinoma susceptibility 3 (Mcs3) pleiotropy, socioenvironmental interaction, and comparative genomics with orthologous human 15q25.1-25.2. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 13:6782958. [PMID: 36315068 PMCID: PMC9836357 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of breast cancer susceptibility have revealed risk-associated genetic variants and nominated candidate genes; however, the identification of causal variants and genes is often undetermined by genome-wide association studies. Comparative genomics, utilizing Rattus norvegicus strains differing in susceptibility to mammary tumor development, is a complimentary approach to identify breast cancer susceptibility genes. Mammary carcinoma susceptibility 3 (Mcs3) is a Copenhagen (COP/NHsd) allele that confers resistance to mammary carcinomas when introgressed into a mammary carcinoma susceptible Wistar Furth (WF/NHsd) genome. Here, Mcs3 was positionally mapped to a 7.2-Mb region of RNO1 spanning rs8149408 to rs107402736 (chr1:143700228-150929594, build 6.0/rn6) using WF.COP congenic strains and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Male and female WF.COP-Mcs3 rats had significantly lower body mass compared to the Wistar Furth strain. The effect on female body mass was observed only when females were raised in the absence of males indicating a socioenvironmental interaction. Furthermore, female WF.COP-Mcs3 rats, raised in the absence of males, did not develop enhanced lobuloalveolar morphologies compared to those observed in the Wistar Furth strain. Human 15q25.1-25.2 was determined to be orthologous to rat Mcs3 (chr15:80005820-82285404 and chr15:83134545-84130720, build GRCh38/hg38). A public database search of 15q25.1-25.2 revealed genome-wide significant and nominally significant associations for body mass traits and breast cancer risk. These results support the existence of a breast cancer risk-associated allele at human 15q25.1-25.2 and warrant ultrafine mapping of rat Mcs3 and human 15q25.1-25.2 to discover novel causal genes and variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Duderstadt
- Present address for Emily L. Duderstadt: Procter and Gamble (P&G), 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA
| | - David J Samuelson
- Corresponding author: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 319 Abraham Flexner Way, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brettle H, Tran V, Drummond GR, Franks AE, Petrovski S, Vinh A, Jelinic M. Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971048. [PMID: 36248832 PMCID: PMC9554749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat and is associated with an increased risk of developing major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. There are clear sexual dimorphisms in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and sequelae of obesity and its accompanying metabolic disorders, with females often better protected compared to males. This protection has predominantly been attributed to the female sex hormone estrogen and differences in fat distribution. More recently, the sexual dimorphisms of obesity have also been attributed to the differences in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and the intestinal immune system. This review will comprehensively summarize the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for these sexual dimorphisms and discuss the interplay between sex hormones, intestinal inflammation and the gut microbiome in obesity. Major gaps and limitations of this rapidly growing area of research will also be highlighted in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Brettle
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Vivian Tran
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley E. Franks
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Jelinic
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Maria Jelinic,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rakha A, Mehak F, Shabbir MA, Arslan M, Ranjha MMAN, Ahmed W, Socol CT, Rusu AV, Hassoun A, Aadil RM. Insights into the constellating drivers of satiety impacting dietary patterns and lifestyle. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1002619. [PMID: 36225863 PMCID: PMC9549911 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1002619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake and body weight regulation are of special interest for meeting today's lifestyle essential requirements. Since balanced energy intake and expenditure are crucial for healthy living, high levels of energy intake are associated with obesity. Hence, regulation of energy intake occurs through short- and long-term signals as complex central and peripheral physiological signals control food intake. This work aims to explore and compile the main factors influencing satiating efficiency of foods by updating recent knowledge to point out new perspectives on the potential drivers of satiety interfering with food intake regulation. Human internal factors such as genetics, gender, age, nutritional status, gastrointestinal satiety signals, gut enzymes, gastric emptying rate, gut microbiota, individual behavioral response to foods, sleep and circadian rhythms are likely to be important in determining satiety. Besides, the external factors (environmental and behavioral) impacting satiety efficiency are highlighted. Based on mechanisms related to food consumption and dietary patterns several physical, physiological, and psychological factors affect satiety or satiation. A complex network of endocrine and neuroendocrine mechanisms controls the satiety pathways. In response to food intake and other behavioral cues, gut signals enable endocrine systems to target the brain. Intestinal and gastric signals interact with neural pathways in the central nervous system to halt eating or induce satiety. Moreover, complex food composition and structures result in considerable variation in satiety responses for different food groups. A better understanding of foods and factors impacting the efficiency of satiety could be helpful in making smart food choices and dietary recommendations for a healthy lifestyle based on updated scientific evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allah Rakha
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakiha Mehak
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Asim Shabbir
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Waqar Ahmed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Alexandru Vasile Rusu
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Alexandru Vasile Rusu
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Rana Muhammad Aadil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Salem AM, Latif R, Rafique N, Aldawlan MI, Almulla LB, Alghirash DY, Fallatah OA, Alotaibi FM, Aljabbari FH, Yar T. Variations of Ghrelin and Obestatin Hormones During the Menstrual Cycle of Women of Different BMIs. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:1297-1305. [PMID: 36105791 PMCID: PMC9464778 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s375594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cyclical changes of hormones during the menstrual cycle are responsible not only for reproductive function but also have other effects on dietary intake and appetite. The current study aimed to investigate the variations of appetite-related hormones (ghrelin and obestatin) during the menstrual cycle and their association with adipokines, estrogen, and BMI. Methods Fifty-six regularly menstruating female students were grouped into normal weight (BMI ≤24.9; n = 26), and overweight/obese subjects (BMI ≥25; n = 30). Serum ghrelin, obestatin, leptin, adiponectin, and estrogen levels were measured during the early follicular, preovulatory, and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle using the ELISA technique. Results There were insignificant differences in the levels of serum ghrelin, obestatin, and ghrelin/obestatin ratio across menstrual cycle phases in the whole cohort as well as in each group separately (p > 0.05). Serum ghrelin was significantly less in OW-OB as compared to the NW group (p = 0.005), whereas the average serum obestatin did not show any significant differences between the two groups. No significant correlation was seen between ghrelin and obestatin with the adipokines and estradiol. Conclusion Significant low level of ghrelin was observed in obese group during the follicular phase. This finding may provide new insights into the altered ghrelin patterns in OW-OB individuals, as a cause or a consequence of obesity and related menstrual disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayad Mohammed Salem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Latif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazish Rafique
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak I Aldawlan
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layan B Almulla
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa Y Alghirash
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola A Fallatah
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh M Alotaibi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad H Aljabbari
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talay Yar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zou Y, Pei J, Wang Y, Chen Q, Sun M, Kang L, Zhang X, Zhang L, Gao X, Lin Z. The Deficiency of SCARB2/LIMP-2 Impairs Metabolism via Disrupted mTORC1-Dependent Mitochondrial OXPHOS. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158634. [PMID: 35955761 PMCID: PMC9368982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2) is related to both Gaucher disease (GD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), which are both neurodegenerative-related diseases without cure. Although both diseases lead to weight loss, which affects the quality of life and the progress of diseases, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that Scarb2−/− mice showed significantly reduced lipid storage in white fat tissues (WAT) compared to WT mice on a regular chow diet. However, the phenotype is independent of heat production, activity, food intake or energy absorption. Furthermore, adipocyte differentiation and cholesterol homeostasis were unaffected. We found that the impaired lipid accumulation of Adiponectin-cre; Scarb2fl/fl mice was due to the imbalance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mechanistically, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/ eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) pathway was down-regulated in Scarb2 deficient adipocytes, leading to impaired mitochondrial respiration and enhanced glycolysis. Altogether, we reveal the role of SCARB2 in metabolism regulation besides the nervous system, which provides a theoretical basis for weight loss treatment of patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Jingwen Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Yushu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Minli Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lulu Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Xuyuan Zhang
- The Center of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liguo Zhang
- The Center of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (Z.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ghosh-Swaby OR, Reichelt AC, Sheppard PAS, Davies J, Bussey TJ, Saksida LM. Metabolic hormones mediate cognition. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:101009. [PMID: 35679900 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent biochemical and behavioural evidence indicates that metabolic hormones not only regulate energy intake and nutrient content, but also modulate plasticity and cognition in the central nervous system. Disruptions in metabolic hormone signalling may provide a link between metabolic syndromes like obesity and diabetes, and cognitive impairment. For example, altered metabolic homeostasis in obesity is a strong determinant of the severity of age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. Here we review the evidence that eating behaviours and metabolic hormones-particularly ghrelin, leptin, and insulin-are key players in the delicate regulation of neural plasticity and cognition. Caloric restriction and antidiabetic therapies, both of which affect metabolic hormone levels can restore metabolic homeostasis and enhance cognitive function. Thus, metabolic hormone pathways provide a promising target for the treatment of cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Ghosh-Swaby
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amy C Reichelt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul A S Sheppard
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Davies
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bhandari C, Agnihotr N. Pine nut oil supplementation alleviates the obesogenic effects in high-fat diet induced obese rats: A comparative study between epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Nutr Res 2022; 106:85-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome and Study of Anthropometric, Clinical and Biological Characteristics in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women in the City of Ksar El Kebir (Northern Morocco). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106109. [PMID: 35627646 PMCID: PMC9140909 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome and to identify its predictive factors in peri- and post-menopausal women in the city of Ksar El Kebir, in northern Morocco. A total of 373 peri- and post-menopausal women between 45 and 64 years old participated in the study. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) definition. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated to assess the degree of obesity in women; anthropometric, clinical and biological parameters were collected during interviews. The mean ages of peri- and postmenopausal women were 48.84 ± 2.4 years and 56.65 ± 4.29 years, respectively. Postmenopausal women had higher means of anthropometric and biological parameters than peri-menopausal women. We also noted a predominance of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women (n = 158) compared to peri-menopausal women (n = 81). Waist circumference was the predominant marker in the subjects studied, whereas triglycerides were the lower marker. In the overall population, the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors were higher in postmenopausal women than in peri-menopausal women, from which it can be concluded that post menopause may be a predictor of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
29
|
Johansen IT, Steen NE, Haram M, Rødevand L, Werner MCF, Lunding SH, Hjell G, Agartz I, Melle I, Lagerberg TV, Nerhus M, Andreassen OA. Sex differences in antipsychotic-related triglyceride levels are associated with metabolic hormone differences in patients with severe mental disorders. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:55-63. [PMID: 35240428 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse effects of antipsychotics (AP) contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with severe mental disorders (SMD). We investigated sex differences in AP-related CVD risk factors and the role of metabolic hormones. METHODS Patients with SMD (N = 1791) receiving AP with different CVD risk were recruited and grouped into olanzapine and/or clozapine (N = 532), other APs (N = 744) or no use of APs (N = 515). Associations between CVD risk factor (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), glucose, blood pressure), sex and AP groups were tested in multiple linear regression with interactions, controlling for diagnostic group, lifestyle factors, polypharmacy, age and ethnicity. Next, we tested associations between sex differences in AP-related CVD risk factors and metabolic regulatory hormones. RESULTS AP groups and male sex were significantly associated with higher levels of LDL-C, TG and BMI, and lower levels of HDL-C. Significant interaction between AP groups and sex were found for TG (p = 0.017), with larger increase in males. Serum adiponectin, insulin, cortisol, leptin, testosterone, free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were associated with TG levels (all p ≤ 0.001), and a significant interaction with sex for insulin (p = 0.005), cortisol (p = 0.016), leptin (p < 0.001) and TSH (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We found more severe AP-related CVD risk factors in male patients with SMD. The male-dependent increase in TG levels was associated with leptin, insulin, cortisol and TSH levels. Clinicians treating patients with SMD should be aware of increased vulnerability for AP-related lipid abnormalities in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Torp Johansen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Haram
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Rødevand
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maren C F Werner
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synve Hoffart Lunding
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabriela Hjell
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, Ostfold Hospital, Graalum, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Stockholm Region, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine V Lagerberg
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Nerhus
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Akershus University Hospital, Division of Psychiatry, Department for Specialized Psychiatry, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hill JL, McIver KB, Katzer K, Foster MT. Capillary Western Immunoassay Optimization of Estrogen Related Factors in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:mps5020034. [PMID: 35448699 PMCID: PMC9028151 DOI: 10.3390/mps5020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipedema is a multifaceted chronic fat disorder characterized by the bilateral and disproportionate accumulation of fat predominantly in the lower body regions of females. Research strongly supports that estrogen factors likely contribute to the pathophysiology of this disease. We aim to help demonstrate this link by quantifying estrogen factor differences between women with and without lipedema. For time and lipedema adipose tissue conservation, the Protein Simple WES machine will be utilized in place of traditional western blotting. Here, we are interested in evaluating estrogen related factors, such as, but not limited to, estrogen receptors and enzymes involved in the successive conversions of cholesterol and androgens to estrogens in human subcutaneous adipose. Evaluation of these factors within adipose tissue, however, is novel for this instrument. Thus, we optimized tissue lysis and protein extraction for 11 proteins of interest. Antibodies and their working concentrations were determined based upon specific and distinguishable (signal-to-noise) peaks from electropherogram outputs across different tissue lysate concentrations. We found that overnight acetone precipitation proved to be the best procedure for extracting protein from lipid rich adipose tissue samples. Six of the eleven proteins were found to migrate to their expected molecular weights, however, five did not. For proteins that did not migrate as expected, overexpression lysates and empty vector controls were used to validate detection antibodies. Protein extract from subcutaneous adipose tissue and overexpression lysates were then combined to understand if migration was specifically altered by adipose tissue. From these results, we concluded that the lipid rich nature of adipose tissue in combination with the separation matrix designated for use with the WES were preventing the appropriate migration of some proteins rather than non-specific antibody binding or inappropriate preparation methods.
Collapse
|
31
|
D'avila LF, Dias VT, Trevizol F, Metz VG, Roversi K, Milanesi L, Maurer LH, Baranzelli J, Emanuelli T, Burger ME. INTERESTERIFIED FAT MATERNAL CONSUMPTION BEFORE CONCEPTION PROGRAMMS MEMORY AND LEARNING OF ADULTHOOD OFFSPRING: how big is this deleterious repercussion? Toxicol Lett 2022; 361:10-20. [PMID: 35301046 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, interesterified fat (IF) has largely replaced trans fat in industrialized food. Studies of our research group showed that IF consumption may not be safe for central nervous system (CNS) functions. Our current aim was to evaluate IF maternal consumption before conception on cognitive performance of adult rat offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed with standard chow plus 20% soybean and fish oil mix (control group) or plus 20% IF from weaning until adulthood (before mating), when the diets were replaced by standard chow only. Following the gestation and pups' development, locomotion and memory performance followed by neurotrophin immunocontent and fatty acids (FA) profile in the hippocampus of the adulthood male offspring were quantified. Maternal IF consumption before conception decreased hippocampal palmitoleic acid incorporation, proBDNF and BDNF levels, decreasing both exploratory activity and memory performance in adult offspring. Considering that, the adult male offspring did not consume IF directly, further studies are needed to understand the molecular mechanisms and if the IF maternal preconception consumption could induce the epigenetic changes observed here. Our outcomes reinforce an immediate necessity to monitor and / or question the replacement of trans fat by IF with further studies involving CNS functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Ferraz D'avila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Verônica Tironi Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Trevizol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Vinícia Garzella Metz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Karine Roversi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Laura Milanesi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Luana Haselein Maurer
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Baranzelli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pan R, Li Z, He L. Comment on "Nutritional aspects and cardiovascular risk in systemic lupus erythematosus". Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2022; 68:137. [PMID: 35239869 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20211038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roujun Pan
- Taizhou University, School of Medicine - Jiaojiang, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Taizhou University, School of Medicine - Jiaojiang, China
| | - Lianping He
- Taizhou University, School of Medicine - Jiaojiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
A high carbohydrate and soda diet influences metabolic variables in Wistar rats. Life Sci 2022; 291:120295. [PMID: 34998837 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS High carbohydrate diet and carbonated soda consumption have individually been associated with metabolic dysfunction, with links to glucose and insulin homeostasis, affecting metabolic variables associated with feeding, satiety and adiposity. Our objective is to determine the combined effect of a high carbohydrate and carbonated soda diet on metabolic variables in male and female Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two female and male weanlings were equally divided into four dietary groups; Control, Soda, High Carbohydrate diet (HCD), and High Carbohydrate diet/Soda (HCD/Soda), and fed ad libitum for fourteen weeks. Bodyweight, thoracic circumference, abdominal circumference and glucose was determined; Insulin, leptin, adiponectin, Tumor Necrotic Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6 and lipid profile were assayed and used to determine the metabolic effects. KEY FINDINGS Soda and HCD/Soda had increased body weight in male rats, while HCD-fed rats were reduced compared to respective controls. Abdominal circumference, total cholesterol and reduced HDL of Soda were elevated in both sexes. Although HCD/Soda groups had elevated abdominal circumference in both sexes, total cholesterol and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were both reduced in females. Insulin and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in Soda-fed rats was significantly reduced, however, MDA was elevated in both sexes in HCD and HCD/Soda fed rats. Female HCD and HCD/Soda groups had a significant increase in glutathione (GSH) concentration and a significant reduction in catalase. TNF-α was increased in both Soda and HCD/Soda groups. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study suggest that HCD and Soda consumption results in alteration in phenotype and variables impacting metabolism.
Collapse
|
34
|
Doncheva AI, Norheim FA, Hjorth M, Grujic M, Paivandy A, Dankel SN, Hertel JK, Valderhaug TG, Böttcher Y, Fernø J, Mellgren G, Dalen KT, Pejler G, Kolset SO. Serglycin Is Involved in Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:121-132. [PMID: 34872979 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic local inflammation of adipose tissue is an important feature of obesity. Serglycin is a proteoglycan highly expressed by various immune cell types known to infiltrate adipose tissue under obese conditions. To investigate if serglycin expression has an impact on diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation, we subjected Srgn +/+ and Srgn -/- mice (C57BL/6J genetic background) to an 8-wk high-fat and high-sucrose diet. The total body weight was the same in Srgn +/+ and Srgn -/- mice after diet treatment. Expression of white adipose tissue genes linked to inflammatory pathways were lower in Srgn -/- mice. We also noted reduced total macrophage abundance, a reduced proportion of proinflammatory M1 macrophages, and reduced formation of crown-like structures in adipose tissue of Srgn -/- compared with Srgn +/+ mice. Further, Srgn -/- mice had more medium-sized adipocytes and fewer large adipocytes. Differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes (3T3-L1) was accompanied by reduced Srgn mRNA expression. In line with this, analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from mouse and human adipose tissue supports that Srgn mRNA is predominantly expressed by various immune cells, with low expression in adipocytes. Srgn mRNA expression was higher in obese compared with lean humans and mice, accompanied by an increased expression of immune cell gene markers. SRGN and inflammatory marker mRNA expression was reduced upon substantial weight loss in patients after bariatric surgery. Taken together, this study introduces a role for serglycin in the regulation of obesity-induced adipose inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atanaska I Doncheva
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode A Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirjana Grujic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aida Paivandy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simon N Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Tone G Valderhaug
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- EpiGen, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and.,EpiGen, Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Johan Fernø
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut T Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Svein O Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stratakis N, Rock S, La Merrill MA, Saez M, Robinson O, Fecht D, Vrijheid M, Valvi D, Conti DV, McConnell R, Chatzi VL. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies. Obes Rev 2022; 23 Suppl 1:e13383. [PMID: 34766696 PMCID: PMC9512275 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations between prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and childhood obesity. We focused on organochlorines (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT], dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [DDE], hexachlorobenzene [HCB], and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]), perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) that are the POPs more widely studied in environmental birth cohorts so far. We search two databases (PubMed and Embase) through July/09/2021 and identified 33 studies reporting associations with prenatal organochlorine exposure, 21 studies reporting associations with prenatal PFAS, and five studies reporting associations with prenatal PBDEs. We conducted a qualitative review. Additionally, we performed random-effects meta-analyses of POP exposures, with data estimates from at least three prospective studies, and BMI-z. Prenatal DDE and HCB levels were associated with higher BMI z-score in childhood (beta: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.21; I2 : 28.1% per study-specific log increase of DDE and beta: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.53; I2 : 31.9% per study-specific log increase of HCB). No significant associations between PCB-153, PFOA, PFOS, or pentaPBDEs with childhood BMI were found in meta-analyses. In individual studies, there was inconclusive evidence that POP levels were positively associated with other obesity indicators (e.g., waist circumference).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Stratakis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah Rock
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Marc Saez
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver Robinson
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Fecht
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vaia Lida Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Thomas YT, Newman CB, Faynshtayn NG, McGregor AJ. Exploring Obesity as a Gendered Contagion: Impact on Lifestyle Interventions to Improve Cardiovascular Health. Clin Ther 2021; 44:23-32. [PMID: 34937663 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle interventions such as physical activity and diet are important components for reducing the risk of obesity. Data suggest that lifestyle choices differ between men and women, as well as in groups. The purpose of this review was to explore whether obesity can be considered as a gendered social contagion, associated with differences in lifestyle and response to lifestyle interventions in men and women. FINDINGS There are important sex-based differences of obesity to consider. There is evidence that peers have an influence on lifestyle preferences such as physical activity level and dietary habits, but the evidence is inconclusive if the differences exist between men and women. Similarly, data from lifestyle intervention studies are not conclusive whether there are differences between men and women. There is not enough evidence for the notion that obesity is a gendered social contagion. IMPLICATIONS More research is needed to understand differences in lifestyle and lifestyle interventions between men and women, especially across the life span, which could have profound public health implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ynhi T Thomas
- Henry J.N. Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Connie B Newman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alyson J McGregor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Katzer K, Hill JL, McIver KB, Foster MT. Lipedema and the Potential Role of Estrogen in Excessive Adipose Tissue Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111720. [PMID: 34769153 PMCID: PMC8583809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipedema is a painful fat disorder that affects ~11% of the female population. It is characterized by bilateral, disproportionate accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue predominantly in the lower body. The onset of lipedema pathophysiology is thought to occur during periods of hormonal fluctuation, such as puberty, pregnancy, or menopause. Although the identification and characterization of lipedema have improved, the underlying disease etiology remains to be elucidated. Estrogen, a key regulator of adipocyte lipid and glucose metabolism, and female-associated body fat distribution are postulated to play a contributory role in the pathophysiology of lipedema. Dysregulation of adipose tissue accumulation via estrogen signaling likely occurs by two mechanisms: (1). altered adipocyte estrogen receptor distribution (ERα/ERß ratio) and subsequent metabolic signaling and/or (2). increased release of adipocyte-produced steroidogenic enzymes leading to increased paracrine estrogen release. These alterations could result in increased activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), free fatty acid entry into adipocytes, glucose uptake, and angiogenesis while decreasing lipolysis, mitochondriogenesis, and mitochondrial function. Together, these metabolic alterations would lead to increased adipogenesis and adipocyte lipid deposition, resulting in increased adipose depot mass. This review summarizes research characterizing estrogen-mediated adipose tissue metabolism and its possible relation to excessive adipose tissue accumulation associated with lipedema.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mahfouz MEM, Al-Juaid RS. Prevalence and risk factors of abdominal hernia among Saudi population. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:3130-3136. [PMID: 34660458 PMCID: PMC8483121 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_622_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Studies assessing prevalence and risk factors of abdominal hernia are scarce in Saudi Arabia, that is why this study aimed to find out the prevalence and risk factors of abdominal hernia among the Saudi Population in 2020. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 500 participants. A pre-designed questionnaire included three sections: Section A consisted of sociodemographic, Section B had items for three dimensions: pain at the site of the hernia or the hernia repair, restriction of activities, cosmetic discomfort; Section C included medical history and other associated risk factors of hernia. Results: The prevalence of abdominal hernia in our study was found to be 38.8%. The participants in 18-25 years had less prevalence (21.2%). participants with BMI >25 (Overweight and Obese) had higher prevalence than others. The mean EuraHS-QoL score in participants who had abdominal hernia was significantly higher than patients who didn't have AH. Age >40 years, male gender, BMI >25, congenital anomalies, history of abdominal surgery, history of abdominal trauma, family history, grand multipara, chronic cough, chronic bronchitis, and smoking were potential predictive factors of AH. Conclusion: Abdominal hernia is a common problem in Saudi Arabia. Abdominal hernias are more common in men than women, there is an obvious relationship between obesity, history of abdominal surgery, history of abdominal trauma, family history and hernias. Early diagnosis, easily accessible health facilities and health education are important to prevent complications and improve quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Eid M Mahfouz
- Associate Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Skorska MN, Coome LA, Peragine DE, Aitken M, VanderLaan DP. An anthropometric study of sexual orientation and gender identity in Thailand. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18432. [PMID: 34531440 PMCID: PMC8445993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodevelopment of psychological sex differentiation is putatively reflected in several anthropometrics. We examined eight anthropometrics in 1404 Thai participants varying in sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity/expression: heterosexual men and women, gay men, lesbian women, bisexual women, sao praphet song (transgender birth-assigned males), toms (transgender birth-assigned females), and dees (birth-assigned females attracted to toms). Exploratory factor analyses indicated the biomarkers should be analyzed independently. Using regressions, in birth-assigned males, less male-typical second-to-fourth digit ratios in the left hand were associated with sexual orientation towards men regardless of gender identity/expression, whereas shorter height and long-bone growth in the arms and legs were more evident among sao praphet song-who are both sexually oriented towards men and markedly feminine. In birth-assigned females, there were no clear sexual orientation effects, but there were possible gender-related effects. Groups of individuals who tend to be more masculine (i.e., toms, lesbians) showed more male-typical patterns on weight and leg length than some groups of individuals who tend to be less masculine (i.e., heterosexual women, dees). Thus, it appears the various anthropometrics inform separate biodevelopmental processes that differentially relate to sexual orientation and gender identity/expression depending on the measure in question as well as birth-assigned sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malvina N Skorska
- Child & Youth Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Lindsay A Coome
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. N., Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Diana E Peragine
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. N., Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Madison Aitken
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Doug P VanderLaan
- Child & Youth Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. N., Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ghare Naz MS, Banaei M, Dashti S, Tehrani FR. An overview of sex hormones in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future Virol 2021. [PMID: 34306167 PMCID: PMC8293688 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Sex differences in COVID-19 outcomes might be explained from a sex hormones (SexHs) perspective. Materials & methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched up to March 2021. Results: Based on the literature review, the crosstalk between SexHs (estrogens, progesterone and testosterone), their receptors (estrogen α and β, androgen, and progesterone) and the immune system shaped the sex-related differences in immune responses against COVID-19. Differential production of SexHs over the lifespan (during pregnancy, reproductive years, menopause and andropause) and over different seasons may result in disparities in body response toward COVID-19. Moreover, SexHs-specific differences might affect vaccine efficacy and response to treatment. Conclusion: The roles of SexHs need to be considered in vaccine development and even treatment of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Banaei
- Mother & Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, 7916613885, Iran
| | - Sareh Dashti
- Department of Midwifery, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, 9187147578, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
McEwan S, Kwon H, Tahiri A, Shanmugarajah N, Cai W, Ke J, Huang T, Belton A, Singh B, Wang L, Pang ZP, Dirice E, Engel EA, El Ouaamari A. Deconstructing the origins of sexual dimorphism in sensory modulation of pancreatic β cells. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101260. [PMID: 34023484 PMCID: PMC8258979 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose excursion has a sensory component that operates in a sex-dependent manner. OBJECTIVE Here, we aim to dissect the basis of the sexually dimorphic interaction between sensory neurons and pancreatic β cells and its overall impact on insulin release and glucose homeostasis. METHODS We used viral retrograde tracing techniques, surgical and chemodenervation models, and primary cell-based co-culture systems to uncover the biology underlying sex differences in sensory modulation of pancreatic β-cell activity. RESULTS Retrograde transsynaptic labeling revealed a sex difference in the density of sensory innervation in the pancreas. The number of sensory neurons emanating from the dorsal root and nodose ganglia that project in the pancreas is higher in male than in female mice. Immunostaining and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the higher abundance of peri-islet sensory axonal tracts in the male pancreas. Capsaicin-induced sensory chemodenervation concomitantly enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose clearance in male mice. These metabolic benefits were blunted when mice were orchidectomized prior to the ablation of sensory nerves. Interestingly, orchidectomy also lowered the density of peri-islet sensory neurons. In female mice, capsaicin treatment did not affect glucose-induced insulin secretion nor glucose excursion and ovariectomy did not modify these outcomes. Interestingly, same- and opposite-sex sensory-islet co-culture paradigms unmasked the existence of potential gonadal hormone-independent mechanisms mediating the male-female difference in sensory modulation of islet β-cell activity. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that the sex-biased nature of the sensory control of islet β-cell activity is a result of a combination of neurodevelopmental inputs, sex hormone-dependent mechanisms and the potential action of somatic molecules encoded by the sex chromosome complement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara McEwan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA,The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Azeddine Tahiri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA,The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Nivetha Shanmugarajah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Weikang Cai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Jin Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tianwen Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ariana Belton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA,The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Bhagat Singh
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Le Wang
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA,Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Zhiping P. Pang
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA,Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Esteban A. Engel
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA,The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sucedaram Y, Johns EJ, Husain R, Abdul Sattar M, H Abdulla M, Nelli G, Rahim NS, Khalilpourfarshbafi M, Abdullah NA. Exposure to High-Fat Style Diet Induced Renal and Liver Structural Changes, Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Intact and Ovariectomized Female Rats. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:689-710. [PMID: 33716510 PMCID: PMC7944944 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s299083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We hypothesized that low estrogen levels aggravate obesity-related complications. Diet-induced obesity can cause distinct pathologies, including impaired glucose tolerance, inflammation, and organ injury that leads to fatty liver and chronic kidney diseases. To test this hypothesis, ovariectomized (OVX) rats were fed a high-fat style diet (HFSD), and we examined structural changes and inflammatory response in the kidney and liver. Methods Sprague-Dawley female rats were ovariectomized or sham-operated and divided into four groups: sham-operated rats fed a normal diet (ND); ovariectomized rats fed a normal diet (OVX-ND); sham-operated rats fed a HFSD; ovariectomized rats fed a high-fat style diet (OVX-HFSD). Mean blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were measured on weeks 0 and 10. The rats were sacrificed 10 weeks after initiation of ND or HFSD, the kidney and liver were harvested for histological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence studies. Results HFSD-fed rats presented a significantly greater adiposity index compared to their ND counterparts. Liver index, fasting blood glucose and mean blood pressure was increased in OVX-HFSD rats compared to HFSD rats at study terminal. Histological and morphometric studies showed focal interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration in the kidney of HFSD rats with mesangial expansion being greater in the OVX-HFSD rats. Both HFSD fed groups showed increased expressions of renal inflammatory markers, namely TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1, and infiltrating M1 macrophages with some influence of ovarian hormonal status. HFSD-feeding also caused hepatocellular steatosis which was aggravated in ovariectomized rats fed the same diet. Furthermore, hepatocellular ballooning was observed only in the OVX-HFSD rats. Similarly, HFSD-fed rats showed increased expressions of the inflammatory markers and M1 macrophage infiltration in the liver; however, only IL-6 expression was magnified in the OVX-HFSD. Conclusion Our data suggest that some of the structural changes and inflammatory response in the kidney and liver of rats fed a HFSD are exacerbated by ovariectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna Sucedaram
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Edward James Johns
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Ruby Husain
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Munavvar Abdul Sattar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed H Abdulla
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Giribabu Nelli
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syahrina Rahim
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Azizan Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen JL, Guo J, Mao P, Yang J, Jiang S, He W, Lin CX, Lien K. Are the factors associated with overweight/general obesity and abdominal obesity different depending on menopausal status? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245150. [PMID: 33539356 PMCID: PMC7861369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid modernization in China has impacted the daily lives and health of women, including a rise in obesity. However, little is known about the impact of menopausal status, behavior, and psychosocial factors on the risk of obesity for rural women in China. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors, including demographic information (education, family history of T2DM, menopausal status), obesity-related behavior, and psychosocial factors associated with overweight/general obesity and abdominal obesity. In a cross-sectional study design, participants had their weight, height, and waist circumference measured and completed questionnaires regarding family demographics, obesity-related health behaviors (physical activity, diet, sleep), and psychosocial information (stress, social support, and self-efficacy related to physical activity and healthy diet). A total of 646 women were included in this study; 46.6% were overweight/generally obese, and 48% had abdominal obesity. Postmenopausal women had a higher prevalence of general and central obesity. Regular physical activity decreased the risk for overweight/general obesity and abdominal obesity (OR = .41 and .31, respectively, p = .04) in premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women who had not breastfed their infants and reported moderate/high-stress had a higher risk for overweight/general obesity (OR = 3.93, and 2, respectively) and those who reported less than 6 hours of sleep per day increased their risk for abdominal obesity (OR = 2.08). Different factors associated with obesity were found in Chinese women, depending on menopausal status. Future studies should examine the impact of menopause on a woman’s risk for obesity, as well as develop tailored interventions to improve health, well-being and reduce the risk of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyu-Lin Chen
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jia Guo
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ping Mao
- Nursing Department, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jundi Yang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Nursing Department, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei He
- Nursing Department, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen-Xi Lin
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kathy Lien
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Casimiro I, Stull ND, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Phenotypic sexual dimorphism in response to dietary fat manipulation in C57BL/6J mice. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107795. [PMID: 33308894 PMCID: PMC7856196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are increasingly prevalent in society and their complications and response to treatment exhibit sexual dimorphism. Mouse models of high fat diet-induced obesity are commonly used for both mechanistic and therapeutic studies of metabolic disease and diabetes. However, the inclusion of female mammals in obesity research has not been a common practice, and has resulted in a paucity of data regarding the effect of sex on metabolic parameters and its applicability to humans. METHODS Here we analyzed male and female C57BL/6 J mice beginning at 4 weeks of age that were placed on a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% calories from fat), a Western Diet (WD, 45% calories from fat), or a high fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat). Assessments of body composition, glucose homeostasis, insulin production, and energy metabolism, as well as histological analyses of pancreata were performed. RESULTS Both male and female C57BL/6 J mice had similar increases in total percent body weight gain with both WD and HFD compared to LFD, however, male mice gained weight earlier upon HFD or WD feeding compared to female mice. Male mice maintained their caloric food intake while reducing their locomotor activity with either WD or HFD compared to LFD, whereas female mice increased their caloric food intake with WD feeding. Locomotor activity of female mice did not significantly change upon WD or HFD feeding, yet female mice exhibited increased energy expenditure compared to WD or HFD fed male mice. Glucose tolerance tests performed at 4, 12 and 20 weeks of dietary intervention revealed impaired glucose tolerance that was worse in male mice compared to females. Furthermore, male mice exhibited an increase in pancreatic β cell area as well as reduced insulin sensitivity after HFD feeding compared to WD or LFD, whereas female mice did not. CONCLUSIONS Male and female C57BL/6 J mice exhibited strikingly different responses in weight, food consumption, locomotor activity, energy expenditure and β cell adaptation upon dietary manipulation, with the latter exhibiting less striking phenotypic changes. We conclude that the nature of these responses emphasizes the need to contextualize studies of obesity pathophysiology and treatment with respect to sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Casimiro
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Natalie D Stull
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America.
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sadeghian M, Hosseini SA, Zare Javid A, Ahmadi Angali K, Mashkournia A. Effect of Fasting-Mimicking Diet or Continuous Energy Restriction on Weight Loss, Body Composition, and Appetite-Regulating Hormones Among Metabolically Healthy Women with Obesity: a Randomized Controlled, Parallel Trial. Obes Surg 2021; 31:2030-2039. [PMID: 33420673 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) has been recently promoted to achieve similar metabolic changes of fasting. The purpose of our study was to compare the effect of FMD versus continuous energy restriction (CER) on anthropometric measurements, body composition, glucose metabolism, and serum levels of leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and total ghrelin. METHODS A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted on 60 women with obesity aged 18-55 years. Subjects received either a 5-day FMD (low in energy, sugars, and proteins, but high in unsaturated fats) or a CER (an average daily energy deficit of 500 kcal) for 2 months. Anthropometric and biochemical factors were measured at baseline and the end of the study. Serum levels of leptin, total ghrelin, and NPY were tested with an ELISA kit. Physical activity and dietary intakes were also recorded. RESULTS There was no significant difference in weight loss between the two groups: mean weight change for CER was - 2.29 (standard deviation [SD], 1.95) kg compared to - 1.13 (2.27) kg for FMD (p = 0.06). There was more reduction in the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in the CER group (p = 0.045). Favorable effects on fat mass and muscle mass were only seen in the FMD group. Although insulin resistance was reduced in the FMD group compared to the CER group, results were not significant after adjustment. After controlling for potential confounders, there was a significant increase in serum levels of total ghrelin (p = 0.048) and NPY (p = 0.041) following CER; however, results for circulating leptin were not statistically significant (p = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in weight loss following FMD and CER. However, FMD was more effective at reducing insulin resistance and regulating appetite-regulating hormones as well as preserving muscle mass and BMR. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at the Iranian Clinical Trial Registry ( https://www.irct.ir/trial/40881 ) with the IRCT identification number IRCT20190717044244N1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sadeghian
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 61357-15794, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 61357-15794, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Zare Javid
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 61357-15794, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mashkournia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu PJ, Lou HP, Zhu YN. Identification of Hepatic Steatosis in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women Based on Phenotypes Combining Triglyceride Levels and Anthropometric Indices: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1339-1347. [PMID: 33790601 PMCID: PMC8001038 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s302297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HWP) has exhibited a strong association with metabolic syndrome, a condition closely linked with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, no study has investigated whether the HWP can accurately predict NAFLD among premenopausal and postmenopausal women or whether alternative anthropometric indexes could replace waist circumference (WC) in the HWP. We examined the power of phenotypes combining triglyceride (TG) levels with anthropometric indexes such as body mass index (BMI), WC, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and percent body fat, to detect NAFLD among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1125 premenopausal women and 654 postmenopausal women who had received an annual health checkup. For all the participating women, we measured both anthropometric and biochemical indexes, such as serum lipid levels. NAFLD diagnoses were made on the basis of abdominal ultrasonography findings. The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the indicators' ability to detect NAFLD. RESULTS Among the indicators of hepatic steatosis, the combined phenotypes of TG level (≥1.50 mmol/L) and BMI (≥24.0 kg/m2) exhibited the largest AUC (0.841, 95%confidence interval [CI] 0.812-0.871, P< 0.001) for premenopausal women, whereas WC alone exhibited the highest predictive potential (0.765, 95% CI 0.729-0.801, P< 0.001) for postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION Out of all the phenotypes combining a single anthropometric index with TG level or WC and TG level, the combination of TG level and BMI was the best indicator of NAFLD for premenopausal women. For screening NAFLD in postmenopausal women, WC alone was superior to all other indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ju Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China Academic Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Peng Ju Liu Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China Academic Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 10-69155550Fax +86 10-69155551 Email
| | - Hui Ping Lou
- Medical Examination Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China Academic Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Ning Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China Academic Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lee J, Walter MF, Korach KS, Noguchi CT. Erythropoietin reduces fat mass in female mice lacking estrogen receptor alpha. Mol Metab 2020; 45:101142. [PMID: 33309599 PMCID: PMC7809438 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Erythropoietin (EPO), the cytokine required for erythropoiesis, contributes to metabolic regulation of fat mass and glycemic control. EPO treatment in mice on high-fat diets (HFD) improved glucose tolerance and decreased body weight gain via reduced fat mass in males and ovariectomized females. The decreased fat accumulation with EPO treatment during HFD in ovariectomized females was abrogated with estradiol supplementation, providing evidence for estrogen-related gender-specific EPO action in metabolic regulation. In this study, we examined the cross-talk between estrogen mediated through estrogen receptor α (ERα) and EPO for the regulation of glucose metabolism and fat mass accumulation. Methods Wild-type (WT) mice and mouse models with ERα knockout (ERα−/−) and targeted deletion of ERα in adipose tissue (ERαadipoKO) were used to examine EPO treatment during high-fat diet feeding and after diet-induced obesity. Results ERα−/− mice on HFD exhibited increased fat mass and glucose intolerance. EPO treatment on HFD reduced fat accumulation in male WT and ERα−/− mice and female ERα−/− mice but not female WT mice. EPO reduced HFD increase in adipocyte size in WT mice but not in mice with deletion of ERα independent of EPO-stimulated reduction in fat mass. EPO treatment also improved glucose and insulin tolerance significantly greater in female ERα−/− mice and female ERαadipoKO compared with WT controls. Increased metabolic activity by EPO was associated with browning of white adipocytes as shown by reductions in white fat-associated genes and induction of brown fat-specific uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Conclusions This study clearly identified the role of estrogen signaling in modifying EPO regulation of glucose metabolism and the sex-differential EPO effect on fat mass regulation. Cross-talk between EPO and estrogen was implicated for metabolic homeostasis and regulation of body mass in female mice. Erythropoietin regulates fat mass in male but not female mice on high-fat diets. Female estrogen receptor alpha deletion restores erythropoietin fat mass regulation. Estrogen receptor alpha deletion increases erythropoietin regulation of glucose tolerance. Erythropoietin reduced white fat-associated genes and increased uncoupling protein 1. Erythropoietin and estrogen cross-talk is implicated for metabolic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoung Lee
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary F Walter
- Clinical Laboratory Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Constance Tom Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ahmed F, Sarsenbayeva A, Katsogiannos P, Aguer C, Pereira MJ. The effects of bisphenol A and bisphenol S on adipokine expression and glucose metabolism in human adipose tissue. Toxicology 2020; 445:152600. [PMID: 32976960 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The environmental endocrine disruptors, bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. We aim to study the effects of BPA or BPS exposure on adipokine expression in human adipose tissue and on adipocyte glucose uptake. METHODS Human subcutaneous adipose tissue was treated for 24 or 72 h with environmentally-relevant and supraphysiological concentrations of BPA or BPS (1-104 nM). Following exposure, gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and estrogen receptors was measured in adipose tissue. Glucose uptake and the insulin signalling pathway were analyzed in isolated adipocytes following adipose tissue culture with BPA for 24 h. RESULTS Adipose tissue treated with BPA for 24 h had reduced expression of the proinflammatory genes (IL6, IL1B, TNFA) and adipokines (ADIPOQ, FABP4). BPA and BPS had no effect on the expression of other proinflammatory genes (IL33), adipokines (LEP), or receptors (ESR1, ESR2) after 72-h exposure. Adipose tissue treated with environmentally-relevant concentrations of BPA for 24 h had reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, without altered gene and protein levels of key insulin signalling pathway markers. CONCLUSIONS We found that human adipose tissue treated with environmentally-relevant concentrations of BPA for 24 h, but not BPS, reduced expression of proinflammatory genes and adipokines. Furthermore, BPA reduced glucose uptake in adipocytes independently of insulin signalling. Such mechanisms can contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with BPA exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Ahmed
- Institut du Savoir Montfort-recherche, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Assel Sarsenbayeva
- Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet hus R3, våning 2, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petros Katsogiannos
- Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet hus R3, våning 2, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Céline Aguer
- Institut du Savoir Montfort-recherche, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet hus R3, våning 2, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dijkstra DJ, Verkaik-Schakel RN, Eskandar S, Limonciel A, Stojanovska V, Scherjon SA, Plösch T. Mid-gestation low-dose LPS administration results in female-specific excessive weight gain upon a western style diet in mouse offspring. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19618. [PMID: 33184349 PMCID: PMC7665071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational complications, including preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, have long-term adverse consequences for offspring's metabolic and cardiovascular health. A low-grade systemic inflammatory response is likely mediating this. Here, we examine the consequences of LPS-induced gestational inflammation on offspring's health in adulthood. LPS was administered to pregnant C57Bl/6J mice on gestational day 10.5. Maternal plasma metabolomics showed oxidative stress, remaining for at least 5 days after LPS administration, likely mediating the consequences for the offspring. From weaning on, all offspring was fed a control diet; from 12 to 24 weeks of age, half of the offspring received a western-style diet (WSD). The combination of LPS-exposure and WSD resulted in hyperphagia and increased body weight and body fat mass in the female offspring. This was accompanied by changes in glucose tolerance, leptin and insulin levels and gene expression in liver and adipose tissue. In the hypothalamus, expression of genes involved in food intake regulation was slightly changed. We speculate that altered food intake behaviour is a result of dysregulation of hypothalamic signalling. Our results add to understanding of how maternal inflammation can mediate long-term health consequences for the offspring. This is relevant to many gestational complications with a pro-inflammatory reaction in place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorieke J Dijkstra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, CB22, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rikst Nynke Verkaik-Schakel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, CB22, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sharon Eskandar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, CB22, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Violeta Stojanovska
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sicco A Scherjon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, CB22, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, CB22, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Perinatal Neurobiology, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Supplementation with Combined Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 Across Development Reveals Sex Differences in Physiological and Behavioural Effects of Western Diet in Long-Evans Rats. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101527. [PMID: 33027912 PMCID: PMC7601208 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome affects various physiological and psychological processes in animals and humans, and environmental influences profoundly impact its composition. Disorders such as anxiety, obesity, and inflammation have been associated with certain microbiome compositions, which may be modulated in early life. In 62 Long–Evans rats, we characterised the effects of lifelong Bifidobacterium longum R0175 and Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 administration—along with Western diet exposure—on later anxiety, metabolic consequences, and inflammation. We found that the probiotic formulation altered specific anxiety-like behaviours in adulthood. We further show distinct sex differences in metabolic measures. In females, probiotic treatment increased calorie intake and leptin levels without affecting body weight. In males, the probiotic seemed to mitigate the effects of Western diet on adult weight gain and calorie intake, without altering leptin levels. The greatest inflammatory response was seen in male, Western-diet-exposed, and probiotic-treated rats, which may be related to levels of specific steroid hormones in these groups. These results suggest that early-life probiotic supplementation and diet exposure can have particular implications on adult health in a sex-dependent manner, and highlight the need for further studies to examine the health outcomes of probiotic treatment in both sexes.
Collapse
|