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Kadam L, Veličković M, Stratton K, Nicora CD, Kyle JE, Wang E, Monroe ME, Bramer LM, Myatt L, Burnum-Johnson KE. Changes in maternal blood and placental lipidomic profile in obesity and gestational diabetes: Evidence for sexual dimorphism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.24.605016. [PMID: 39211280 PMCID: PMC11360960 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.605016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Obesity and gestational diabetes (GDM) are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and program the offspring for cardiometabolic disease in a sexually dimorphic manner. The placenta transfers lipids to the fetus and uses these substrates to support its own metabolism impacting the amount of substrate available to the growing fetus. Methods We collected maternal plasma and placental villous tissue following elective cesarean section at term from women who were lean (pre-pregnancy BMI 18.5-24.9), obese (BMI>30) and type A2 GDM (matched to obese BMI) with male or female fetus (n=4 each group). Lipids were extracted and fatty acid composition of different lipid classes were analyzed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Significant changes in GDM vs obese, GDM vs lean, and obese vs lean were determined using t-test with a Tukey correction set at p<0.05. Results In placental samples 436 lipids were identified, among which 85 showed significant changes. Of note only in male placentas significant decreases in C22:6 - docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triglyceride lipid species were seen when comparing tissue from GDM women to lean. In maternal plasma we observed no effect of obesity. GDM or fetal sex. Conclusion This is the first study assessing fatty acid composition of lipids in matched maternal plasma and placental tissue from lean, obese, and GDM women stratified by fetal sex. It highlights how GDM affects distribution of fatty acids in lipid classes changes in a sexually dimorphic manner in the placenta.
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Louwen F, Kreis NN, Ritter A, Yuan J. Maternal obesity and placental function: impaired maternal-fetal axis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:2279-2288. [PMID: 38494514 PMCID: PMC11147848 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07462-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of maternal obesity rapidly increases, which represents a major public health concern worldwide. Maternal obesity is characteristic by metabolic dysfunction and chronic inflammation. It is associated with health problems in both mother and offspring. Increasing evidence indicates that the placenta is an axis connecting maternal obesity with poor outcomes in the offspring. In this brief review, we have summarized the current data regarding deregulated placental function in maternal obesity. The data show that maternal obesity induces numerous placental defects, including lipid and glucose metabolism, stress response, inflammation, immune regulation and epigenetics. These placental defects affect each other and result in a stressful intrauterine environment, which transduces and mediates the adverse effects of maternal obesity to the fetus. Further investigations are required to explore the exact molecular alterations in the placenta in maternal obesity, which may pave the way to develop specific interventions for preventing epigenetic and metabolic programming in the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Louwen
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Ritter
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Beer RJ, Cnattingius S, Susser ES, Wang L, Villamor E. Maternal early pregnancy body mass index and bipolar disorder in the offspring. Bipolar Disord 2024; 26:348-355. [PMID: 37986665 PMCID: PMC11102928 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between maternal early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and offspring bipolar disorder (BPD). METHODS We conducted a nationwide cohort study among 1,507,056 non-malformed singleton live-births in Sweden born 1983-2004. Using national registries with prospectively recorded information, we followed participants for a BPD diagnosis from ages 13 to up to 35 years. We compared BPD risks by early pregnancy BMI using hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) from adjusted Cox models. We also conducted sibling-controlled analyses among 874,047 full siblings. RESULTS There were 9970 BPD diagnoses. Risk of BPD was 0.72% through 25 years of age. Maternal early pregnancy BMI was positively associated with offspring BPD risk. Compared with normal BMI (18.5-24.9), adjusted HR (95% CI) for overweight (BMI 25-29.9), obesity grade 1 (BMI 30-34.9), and obesity grades 2-3 (BMI ≥35) were 1.08 (1.02, 1.15), 1.26 (1.14, 1.40), and 1.31 (1.07, 1.60), respectively. Adjusted HR per unit BMI was 1.015 (95% CI 1.009, 1.021). A similar trend was observed among siblings. Pregnancy and neonatal complications did not substantially mediate the association between maternal obesity (BMI ≥30) and offspring BPD. CONCLUSIONS Maternal BMI ≥25 is associated with offspring BPD risk in a dose-response manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael J. Beer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sven Cnattingius
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ezra S. Susser
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Tasca C, Parisi F, Zambon M, Bonato S, Bombelli M, Rossi RS, Caselli E, Petrella D, Nebuloni M, Cetin I. A real-life prospective blinded evaluation of placental biometry and macroscopic morphology from 1008 unselected consecutive pregnancies. Placenta 2024; 146:9-16. [PMID: 38157652 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study of the macroscopic appearance of the placenta may represent a useful tool to understand the pathophysiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate biometry and morphology of placentas in relation to maternal, neonatal and pregnancy course characteristics. METHODS Clinical and placental data (biometry and macroscopic features of chorionic disk and adnexa) from unselected consecutive singleton pregnancies were recorded at the same Institution. Placental efficiency was approximated as ratio between fetal and placental weight (FPR). The total population was grouped according to the presence of any maternal comorbidity or pregnancy complication (group 1), neonatal complications diagnosed only at birth (2) and absence of any comorbidity (3). Multi-adjusted general linear and logistic regression models were performed to analyze associations between groups and placental biometry and morphology. RESULTS The study population counted 1008 pregnancies: 576 (57.2 %) classified as group 1, 76 (7.5 %) as group 2 and 356 (35.3 %) uncomplicated controls (group 3). In multivariate models adjusted for confounding factors, no significant differences in placental biometry and macroscopic features were observed among the three groups. Maternal BMI was significantly associated with higher placental and birth weight and lower FPR; moreover FPR was significantly higher in pregnancies carrying males compared to female neonates. DISCUSSION Maternal comorbidity or pregnancy disease was not associated with significant changes in placental macroscopic biometry and morphology. Conversely, maternal pregestational BMI and fetal sex impact on placental biometry and efficiency, suggesting different intrauterine adaptations in obese mothers and in male and female fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tasca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Zambon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Bonato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Bombelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Simona Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Caselli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Duccio Petrella
- Pathology Unit, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Nebuloni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Contini T, Béranger R, Multigner L, Klánová J, Price EJ, David A. A Critical Review on the Opportunity to Use Placenta and Innovative Biomonitoring Methods to Characterize the Prenatal Chemical Exposome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15301-15313. [PMID: 37796725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Adverse effects associated with chemical exposures during pregnancy include several developmental and reproductive disorders. However, considering the tens of thousands of chemicals present on the market, the effects of chemical mixtures on the developing fetus is still likely underestimated. In this critical review, we discuss the potential to apply innovative biomonitoring methods using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) on placenta to improve the monitoring of chemical exposure during pregnancy. The physiology of the placenta and its relevance as a matrix for monitoring chemical exposures and their effects on fetal health is first outlined. We then identify several key parameters that require further investigations before placenta can be used for large-scale monitoring in a robust manner. Most critical is the need for standardization of placental sampling. Placenta is a highly heterogeneous organ, and knowledge of the intraplacenta variability of chemical composition is required to ensure unbiased and robust interindividual comparisons. Other important variables include the time of collection, the sex of the fetus, and mode of delivery. Finally, we discuss the first applications of HRMS methods on the placenta to decipher the chemical exposome and describe how the use of placenta can complement biofluids collected on the mother or the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Contini
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rémi Béranger
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elliott J Price
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Powell TL, Uhlson C, Madi L, Berry KZ, Chassen SS, Jansson T, Ferchaud-Roucher V. Fetal sex differences in placental LCPUFA ether and plasmalogen phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine contents in pregnancies complicated by obesity. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:66. [PMID: 37770949 PMCID: PMC10540428 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported that maternal obesity reduces placental transport capacity for lysophosphatidylcholine-docosahexaenoic acid (LPC-DHA), a preferred form for transfer of DHA (omega 3) to the fetal brain, but only in male fetuses. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), have either sn-1 ester, ether or vinyl ether (plasmalogen) linkages to primarily unsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and DHA or arachidonic acid (ARA, omega 6) in the sn-2 position. Whether ether and plasmalogen PC and PE metabolism in placenta impacts transfer to the fetus is unexplored. We hypothesized that ether and plasmalogen PC and PE containing DHA and ARA are reduced in maternal-fetal unit in pregnancies complicated by obesity and these differences are dependent on fetal sex. METHODS In maternal, umbilical cord plasma and placentas from obese women (11 female/5 male infants) and normal weight women (9 female/7 male infants), all PC and PE species containing DHA and ARA were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Placental protein expression of enzymes involved in phospholipid synthesis, were determined by immunoblotting. All variables were compared between control vs obese groups and separated by fetal sex, in each sample using the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate adjustment to account for multiple testing. RESULTS Levels of ester PC containing DHA and ARA were profoundly reduced by 60-92% in male placentas of obese mothers, while levels of ether and plasmalogen PE containing DHA and ARA were decreased by 51-84% in female placentas. PLA2G4C abundance was lower in male placentas and LPCAT4 abundance was lower solely in females in obesity. In umbilical cord, levels of ester, ether and plasmalogen PC and PE with DHA were reduced by 43-61% in male, but not female, fetuses of obese mothers. CONCLUSIONS We found a fetal sex effect in placental PE and PC ester, ether and plasmalogen PE and PC containing DHA in response to maternal obesity which appears to reflect an ability of female placentas to adapt to maintain optimal fetal DHA transfer in maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charis Uhlson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lana Madi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Karin Zemski Berry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stephanie S Chassen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Veronique Ferchaud-Roucher
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INRAE UMR 1280 PhAN, CRNH Ouest, 44000, Nantes, France.
- Nantes Université, INRAE, UMR 1280 PhAN, CHU Hôtel Dieu, HNB1, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093, Nantes, France.
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Cinquina V, Keimpema E, Pollak DD, Harkany T. Adverse effects of gestational ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid imbalance on the programming of fetal brain development. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13320. [PMID: 37497857 PMCID: PMC10909496 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a key medical challenge of our time. The increasing number of children born to overweight or obese women is alarming. During pregnancy, the circulation of the mother and her fetus interact to maintain the uninterrupted availability of essential nutrients for fetal organ development. In doing so, the mother's dietary preference determines the amount and composition of nutrients reaching the fetus. In particular, the availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), chiefly their ω-3 and ω-6 subclasses, can change when pregnant women choose a specific diet. Here, we provide a succinct overview of PUFA biochemistry, including exchange routes between ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs, the phenotypes, and probable neurodevelopmental disease associations of offspring born to mothers consuming specific PUFAs, and their mechanistic study in experimental models to typify signaling pathways, transcriptional, and epigenetic mechanisms by which PUFAs can imprint long-lasting modifications to brain structure and function. We emphasize that the ratio, rather than the amount of individual ω-3 or ω-6 PUFAs, might underpin physiologically correct cellular differentiation programs, be these for neurons or glia, during pregnancy. Thereupon, the PUFA-driven programming of the brain is contextualized for childhood obesity, metabolic, and endocrine illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cinquina
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain Research, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Erik Keimpema
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain Research, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Daniela D. Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and NeuropharmacologyCenter for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain Research, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Deaprtment of NeuroscienceBiomedicum 7D, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Easton ZJW, Sarr O, Zhao L, Buzatto AZ, Luo X, Zhao S, Li L, Regnault TRH. An Integrated Multi-OMICS Approach Highlights Elevated Non-Esterified Fatty Acids Impact BeWo Trophoblast Metabolism and Lipid Processing. Metabolites 2023; 13:883. [PMID: 37623828 PMCID: PMC10456680 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are linked with impaired placental function and early onset of non-communicable cardiometabolic diseases in offspring. Previous studies have highlighted that the dietary non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) palmitate (PA) and oleate (OA), key dietary metabolites associated with maternal obesity and GDM, are potential modulators of placental lipid processing. Using the BeWo cell line model, the current study integrated transcriptomic (mRNA microarray), metabolomic, and lipidomic readouts to characterize the underlying impacts of exogenous PA and OA on placental villous trophoblast cell metabolism. Targeted gas chromatography and thin-layer chromatography highlighted that saturated and monounsaturated NEFAs differentially impact BeWo cell lipid profiles. Furthermore, cellular lipid profiles differed when exposed to single and multiple NEFA species. Additional multi-omic analyses suggested that PA exposure is associated with enrichment in β-oxidation pathways, while OA exposure is associated with enrichment in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Overall, this study further demonstrated that dietary PA and OA are important regulators of placental lipid metabolism. Encouraging appropriate dietary advice and implementing dietary interventions to maintain appropriate placental function by limiting excessive exposure to saturated NEFAs remain crucial in managing at-risk obese and GDM pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. W. Easton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Adriana Zardini Buzatto
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Xian Luo
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Shuang Zhao
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Liang Li
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Timothy R. H. Regnault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, B2-401 London Health Science Centre-Victoria Hospital, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6H 5W9, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Rd E, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
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Diniz MS, Grilo LF, Tocantins C, Falcão-Pires I, Pereira SP. Made in the Womb: Maternal Programming of Offspring Cardiovascular Function by an Obesogenic Womb. Metabolites 2023; 13:845. [PMID: 37512552 PMCID: PMC10386510 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity incidence has been increasing at an alarming rate, especially in women of reproductive age. It is estimated that 50% of pregnancies occur in overweight or obese women. It has been described that maternal obesity (MO) predisposes the offspring to an increased risk of developing many chronic diseases in an early stage of life, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the main cause of death worldwide among men and women, and it is manifested in a sex-divergent way. Maternal nutrition and MO during gestation could prompt CVD development in the offspring through adaptations of the offspring's cardiovascular system in the womb, including cardiac epigenetic and persistent metabolic programming of signaling pathways and modulation of mitochondrial metabolic function. Currently, despite diet supplementation, effective therapeutical solutions to prevent the deleterious cardiac offspring function programming by an obesogenic womb are lacking. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which an obesogenic intrauterine environment could program the offspring's cardiovascular metabolism in a sex-divergent way, with a special focus on cardiac mitochondrial function, and debate possible strategies to implement during MO pregnancy that could ameliorate, revert, or even prevent deleterious effects of MO on the offspring's cardiovascular system. The impact of maternal physical exercise during an obesogenic pregnancy, nutritional interventions, and supplementation on offspring's cardiac metabolism are discussed, highlighting changes that may be favorable to MO offspring's cardiovascular health, which might result in the attenuation or even prevention of the development of CVD in MO offspring. The objectives of this manuscript are to comprehensively examine the various aspects of MO during pregnancy and explore the underlying mechanisms that contribute to an increased CVD risk in the offspring. We review the current literature on MO and its impact on the offspring's cardiometabolic health. Furthermore, we discuss the potential long-term consequences for the offspring. Understanding the multifaceted effects of MO on the offspring's health is crucial for healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers to develop effective strategies for prevention and intervention to improve care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Diniz
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Ph.D. Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F Grilo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Ph.D. Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Tocantins
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Ph.D. Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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10
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Santos ED, Hernández MH, Sérazin V, Vialard F, Dieudonné MN. Human Placental Adaptive Changes in Response to Maternal Obesity: Sex Specificities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119770. [PMID: 37298720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality rates in both mothers and children. At the interface between the mother and the fetus, the placenta mediates the impact of the maternal environment on fetal development. Most of the literature presents data on the effects of maternal obesity on placental functions and does not exclude potentially confounding factors such as metabolic diseases (e.g., gestational diabetes). In this context, the focus of this review mainly lies on the impact of maternal obesity (in the absence of gestational diabetes) on (i) endocrine function, (ii) morphological characteristics, (iii) nutrient exchanges and metabolism, (iv) inflammatory/immune status, (v) oxidative stress, and (vi) transcriptome. Moreover, some of those placental changes in response to maternal obesity could be supported by fetal sex. A better understanding of sex-specific placental responses to maternal obesity seems to be crucial for improving pregnancy outcomes and the health of mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Dos Santos
- UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines-Université Paris Saclay (UVSQ), INRAE, BREED, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), BREED, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Service de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy-Saint Germain, F-78300 Poissy, France
| | - Marta Hita Hernández
- UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines-Université Paris Saclay (UVSQ), INRAE, BREED, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), BREED, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Valérie Sérazin
- UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines-Université Paris Saclay (UVSQ), INRAE, BREED, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), BREED, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Service de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy-Saint Germain, F-78300 Poissy, France
| | - François Vialard
- UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines-Université Paris Saclay (UVSQ), INRAE, BREED, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), BREED, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Service de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy-Saint Germain, F-78300 Poissy, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Dieudonné
- UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines-Université Paris Saclay (UVSQ), INRAE, BREED, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), BREED, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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11
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Wang L, O'Kane AM, Zhang Y, Ren J. Maternal obesity and offspring health: Adapting metabolic changes through autophagy and mitophagy. Obes Rev 2023:e13567. [PMID: 37055041 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity leads to obstetric complications and a high prevalence of metabolic anomalies in the offspring. Among various contributing factors for maternal obesity-evoked health sequelae, developmental programming is considered as one of the leading culprit factors for maternal obesity-associated chronic comorbidities. Although a unified theory is still lacking to systematically address multiple unfavorable postnatal health sequelae, a cadre of etiological machineries have been put forward, including lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy/mitophagy defect, and cell death. Hereinto, autophagy and mitophagy play an essential housekeeping role in the clearance of long-lived, damaged, and unnecessary cell components to maintain and restore cellular homeostasis. Defective autophagy/mitophagy has been reported in maternal obesity and negatively impacts fetal development and postnatal health. This review will provide an update on metabolic disorders in fetal development and postnatal health issues evoked by maternal obesity and/or intrauterine overnutrition and discuss the possible contribution of autophagy/mitophagy in metabolic diseases. Moreover, relevant mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies will be discussed in an effort to target autophagy/mitophagy and metabolic disturbances in maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aislinn M O'Kane
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
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12
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Zavatta A, Parisi F, Mandò C, Scaccabarozzi C, Savasi VM, Cetin I. Role of Inflammaging on the Reproductive Function and Pregnancy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 64:145-160. [PMID: 35031955 PMCID: PMC8760119 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During female lifetime and pregnancy, inflammation and cellular senescence are implicated in physiological processes, from ovulation and menstruation, to placental homeostasis and delivery. Several lifestyles, nutritional, and environmental insults, as well as long-lasting pregestational inflammatory diseases may lead to detrimental effects in promoting and sustaining a chronic excessive inflammatory response and inflammaging, which finally contribute to the decay of fertility and pregnancy outcome, with a negative effect on placental function, fetal development, and future health risk profile in the offspring. Maladaptation to pregnancy and obstetric disease may in turn increase maternal inflammaging in a feedback loop, speeding up aging processes and outbreak of chronic diseases. Maternal inflammaging may also impact, through transgenerational effects, on future adult health. Hence, efficacious interventions should be implemented by physicians and healthcare professionals involved in prevention activities to reduce the modifiable factors contributing to the inflammaging process in order to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Zavatta
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'V. Buzzi' Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154, Milan, Italy
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'L. Sacco' Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'V. Buzzi' Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mandò
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Scaccabarozzi
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'L. Sacco' Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria M Savasi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'L. Sacco' Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'V. Buzzi' Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Kolvatzis C, Tsakiridis I, Kalogiannidis IA, Tsakoumaki F, Kyrkou C, Dagklis T, Daniilidis A, Michaelidou AM, Athanasiadis A. Utilizing Amniotic Fluid Metabolomics to Monitor Fetal Well-Being: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Cureus 2023; 15:e36986. [PMID: 37139280 PMCID: PMC10150141 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal and perinatal periods are critical phases for long-term development. Early diagnosis of maternal complications is challenging due to the great complexity of these conditions. In recent years, amniotic fluid has risen in a prominent position in the latest efforts to describe and characterize prenatal development. Amniotic fluid may provide real-time information on fetal development and metabolism throughout pregnancy as substances from the placenta, fetal skin, lungs, gastric fluid, and urine are transferred between the mother and the fetus. Applying metabolomics to monitor fetal well-being, in such a context, could help in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions and is a promising area of research. This review shines a spotlight on recent amniotic fluid metabolomics studies and their methods as an interesting tool for the assessment of many conditions and the identification of biomarkers. Platforms in use, such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), have different merits, and a combinatorial approach could be valuable. Metabolomics may also be used in the quest for habitual diet-induced metabolic signals in amniotic fluid. Finally, analysis of amniotic fluid can provide information on exposure to exogenous substances by detecting the exact levels of metabolites carried to the fetus and associated metabolic effects.
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14
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Mantzorou M, Papandreou D, Pavlidou E, Papadopoulou SK, Tolia M, Mentzelou M, Poutsidi A, Antasouras G, Vasios GK, Giaginis C. Maternal Gestational Diabetes Is Associated with High Risk of Childhood Overweight and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pre-School Children Aged 2–5 Years. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030455. [PMID: 36984456 PMCID: PMC10051905 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Childhood obesity is a global public health concern with long-term and serious health implications. An important factor for childhood obesity is maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which in turn impacts maternal and offspring long-term health. This study aimed to investigate the associations between maternal GDM and childhood weight status and multiple anthropometric and sociodemographic factors and perinatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 5348 children aged 2–5 years old and their paired mothers took part in the study. Questionnaires were utilized to evaluate the sociodemographic factors and perinatal outcomes as well as smoking habits, educational level, economic status, age, and parity status. Children’s anthropometric parameters were measured, and maternal medical history, preterm birth records, and anthropometric measures during pregnancy were retrieved by their medical records. Results: Overall, 16.4% of the children aged at 2–5 years were overweight, and 8.2% of them were affected by obesity, leading to a total 24.6% of children with overweight/obesity. Further, 5.5% of the enrolled mothers were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. GDM doubles the probability of childhood overweight/obesity at ages 2–5 years old independently of multiple confounding factors. Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, older maternal age, and smoking are risk factors for GDM, while GDM additionally increases the risk of preterm birth. Children of mothers that developed GDM were at greater risk of overweight or obesity, with the association between GDM and offspring’s weight status being independent of confounding factors. Conclusions: GDM is a severe public health issue with prolonged complications for both the mother and their children. Public health approaches and programs need to promote the negative role of pre-pregnancy weight and smoking status as well as the significance of a good glycemic control throughout gestation in women of childbearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Khalifa B City, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Tolia
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Antigoni Poutsidi
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Georgios K. Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.G.)
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15
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Characterization of Maternal Circulating MicroRNAs in Obese Pregnancies and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020515. [PMID: 36830073 PMCID: PMC9952647 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) is expanding worldwide, contributing to the onset of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). MO and GDM are associated with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes, with short- and long-term complications. Growing evidence suggests that MO and GDM are characterized by epigenetic alterations contributing to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. In this pilot study, plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) of obese pregnant women with/without GDM were profiled at delivery. Nineteen women with spontaneous singleton pregnancies delivering by elective Caesarean section were enrolled: seven normal-weight (NW), six obese without comorbidities (OB/GDM(-)), and six obese with GDM (OB/GDM(+)). miRNA profiling with miRCURY LNA PCR Panel allowed the analysis of the 179 most expressed circulating miRNAs in humans. Data acquisition and statistics (GeneGlobe and SPSS software) and Pathway Enrichment Analysis (PEA) were performed. Data analysis highlighted patterns of significantly differentially expressed miRNAs between groups: OB/GDM(-) vs. NW: n = 4 miRNAs, OB/GDM(+) vs. NW: n = 1, and OB/GDM(+) vs. OB/GDM(-): n = 14. For each comparison, PEA revealed pathways associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as with nutrients and hormones metabolism. Indeed, miRNAs analysis may help to shed light on the complex epigenetic network regulating metabolic pathways in both the mother and the foeto-placental unit. Future investigations are needed to deepen the pregnancy epigenetic landscape in MO and GDM.
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16
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Rigamonti AE, Frigerio G, Caroli D, De Col A, Cella SG, Sartorio A, Fustinoni S. A Metabolomics-Based Investigation of the Effects of a Short-Term Body Weight Reduction Program in a Cohort of Adolescents with Obesity: A Prospective Interventional Clinical Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:529. [PMID: 36771236 PMCID: PMC9921209 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics applied to assess the response to a body weight reduction program (BWRP) may generate valuable information concerning the biochemical mechanisms/pathways underlying the BWRP-induced cardiometabolic benefits. The aim of the present study was to establish the BWRP-induced changes in the metabolomic profile that characterizes the obese condition. In particular, a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) targeted metabolomic approach was used to determine a total of 188 endogenous metabolites in the plasma samples of a cohort of 42 adolescents with obesity (female/male = 32/10; age = 15.94 ± 1.33 year; body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) = 2.96 ± 0.46) who underwent a 3-week BWRP, including hypocaloric diet, physical exercise, nutritional education, and psychological support. The BWRP was capable of significantly improving body composition (e.g., BMI SDS, p < 0.0001), glucometabolic homeostasis (e.g., glucose, p < 0.0001), and cardiovascular function (e.g., diastolic blood pressure, p = 0.016). A total of 64 metabolites were significantly reduced after the intervention (at least p < 0.05), including 53 glycerophospholipids (23 PCs ae, 21 PCs aa, and 9 lysoPCs), 7 amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine, arginine, citrulline, tryptophan, glutamic acid, and leucine), the biogenic amine kynurenine, 2 sphingomyelins, and (free) carnitine (C0). On the contrary, three metabolites were significantly increased after the intervention (at least p < 0.05)-in particular, glutamine, trans-4-hydroxyproline, and the octadecenoyl-carnitine (C18:1). In conclusion, when administered to adolescents with obesity, a short-term BWRP is capable of changing the metabolomic profile in the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello E. Rigamonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Frigerio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue Du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Caroli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Col
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Silvano G. Cella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fustinoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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17
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Padilha M, Ferreira ALL, Normando P, Freire SDSR, Fiamoncini J, Brennan L, Yin X, Kac G. Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Lipoprotein Fractions are Associated with Changes in Women's Serum Metabolome from Late Pregnancy to the First Months of Postpartum. J Nutr 2023; 153:56-65. [PMID: 36913479 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy and postpartum are periods of intense changes in women's metabolism. The knowledge of the metabolites and maternal factors underlying these changes is limited. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the maternal factors that could influence serum metabolome changes from late pregnancy to the first months of postpartum. METHODS Sixty-eight healthy women from a Brazilian prospective cohort were included. Maternal blood and general characteristics were collected during pregnancy (28-35 wk) and postpartum (27-45 d). A targeted metabolomics approach was applied to quantify 132 serum metabolites, including amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), diacyl phosphatidylcholines (PC), alkyl:acyl phosphatidylcholines (PC-O), sphingomyelins with (SM) and without hydroxylation [SM(OH)], and hexoses. Metabolome changes from pregnancy to postpartum were measured as log2 fold change (log2FC), and simple linear regressions were employed to evaluate associations between maternal variables and metabolite log2FC. Multiple comparison-adjusted P values of < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS Of 132 metabolites quantified in serum, 90 changed from pregnancy to postpartum. Most metabolites belonging to PC and PC-O classes decreased, whereas most LPC, acylcarnitines, biogenic amines, and a few amino acids increased in postpartum. Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) showed positive associations with leucine and proline. A clear opposite change pattern was observed for most metabolites across ppBMI categories. Few phosphatidylcholines were decreased in women with normal ppBMI, while an increase was observed in women with obesity. Similarly, women with high postpartum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol showed increased sphingomyelins, whereas a decrease was observed for women with lower levels of those lipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed several maternal serum metabolomic changes from pregnancy to postpartum, and the maternal ppBMI and plasma lipoproteins were associated with these changes. We highlight the importance of the nutritional care of women prepregnancy to improve their metabolic risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Padilha
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Lorena Lima Ferreira
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Normando
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samary da Silva Rosa Freire
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Food Research Center, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Xiaofei Yin
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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18
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Brombach C, Tong W, Giussani DA. Maternal obesity: new placental paradigms unfolded. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:823-835. [PMID: 35760668 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of maternal obesity is increasing at an alarming rate, and is providing a major challenge for obstetric practice. Adverse effects on maternal and fetal health are mediated by complex interactions between metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress signaling in the placenta. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) are common downstream pathways of cell stress, and there is evidence that this conserved homeostatic response may be a key mediator in the pathogenesis of placental dysfunction. We summarize the current literature on the placental cellular and molecular changes that occur in obese women. A special focus is cast onto placental ER stress in obese pregnancy, which may provide a novel link for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Tong
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EL, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, Cambridge CB2 3EL, Cambridge UK.
| | - Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EL, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, Cambridge CB2 3EL, Cambridge UK; Cambridge Cardiovascular Centre for Research Excellence, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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19
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Zhao D, Liu Y, Jia S, He Y, Wei X, Liu D, Ma W, Luo W, Gu H, Yuan Z. Influence of maternal obesity on the multi-omics profiles of the maternal body, gestational tissue, and offspring. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113103. [PMID: 35605294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that obesity during pregnancy affects more than half of the pregnancies in the developed countries and is associated with obstetric problems and poor outcomes. Obesity tends to increase the incidence of complications. Furthermore, the resulting offspring are also adversely affected. However, the molecular mechanisms of obesity leading to poor pregnancy outcomes remain unclear. Omics methods are used for genetic diagnosis and marker discovery. The aim of this review was to summarize the maternal and fetal pathophysiological alterations induced by gestational obesity,identified using multi-omics detection techniques, and to generalize the biological functions and potential mechanisms of the differentially expressed molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Yusi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Yiwen He
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Wenting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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20
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Mandò C, Abati S, Anelli GM, Favero C, Serati A, Dioni L, Zambon M, Albetti B, Bollati V, Cetin I. Epigenetic Profiling in the Saliva of Obese Pregnant Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:2122. [PMID: 35631263 PMCID: PMC9146705 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, strongly impacting the intrauterine environment with detrimental consequences for both mother and offspring. The saliva is a non-invasive biofluid reflecting both local and systemic health status. This observational study aimed to profile the epigenetic signature in the saliva of Obese (OB) and Normal-Weight (NW) pregnant women. Sixteen NW and sixteen OB Caucasian women with singleton spontaneous pregnancies were enrolled. microRNAs were quantified by the OpenArray Platform. The promoter region methylation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-Beta1) was assessed by pyrosequencing. There were 754 microRNAs evaluated: 20 microRNAs resulted in being differentially expressed between OB and NW. microRNA pathway enrichment analysis showed a significant association with the TGF-Beta signaling pathway (miTALOS) and with fatty acids biosynthesis/metabolism, lysine degradation, and ECM-receptor interaction pathways (DIANA-miRPath). Both SOCS3 and TGF-Beta1 were significantly down-methylated in OB vs. NW. These results help to clarify impaired mechanisms involved in obesity and pave the way for the understanding of specific damaged pathways. The characterization of the epigenetic profile in saliva of pregnant women can represent a promising tool for the identification of obesity-related altered mechanisms and of possible biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mandò
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (G.M.A.); (A.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Silvio Abati
- Department of Dentistry, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gaia Maria Anelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (G.M.A.); (A.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Chiara Favero
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.F.); (L.D.); (B.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Anaïs Serati
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (G.M.A.); (A.S.); (I.C.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Laura Dioni
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.F.); (L.D.); (B.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Marta Zambon
- Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy;
| | - Benedetta Albetti
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.F.); (L.D.); (B.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.F.); (L.D.); (B.A.); (V.B.)
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (G.M.A.); (A.S.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy;
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21
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Song L, Wang N, Peng Y, Sun B, Cui W. Placental lipid transport and content in response to maternal overweight and gestational diabetes mellitus in human term placenta. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:692-702. [PMID: 35109996 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Placental lipid transport is altered in women with high prepregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI) or gestational diabetes (GDM), which consequently affects foetal growth. However, the interaction of maternal overweight (OW) and GDM on placental lipid metabolism and possible adaptations are less studied. We aimed to examine whether maternal OW or GDM is the main factor disrupting placental lipid processing in human term placenta. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 152 lean (18.5 ≤ pre-BMI ≤ 23.9 kg/m2) and OW (24 ≤ pre-BMI ≤ 27.9 kg/m2) pregnant women with or without GDM with a scheduled delivery by caesarean section were recruited. Maternal venous blood samples were used to measure metabolic parameters during pregnancy. Term placentas and cord blood were collected at delivery to determine placental lipid metabolism and foetal circulating lipid levels. Maternal OW significantly increased the placental mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism (FAT/CD36, FATP1, FATP4, FATP6, and PPAR-α), elevated placental lipid content (triglyceride, cholesterol), enhanced placental mTORC1-rpS6 and ERK1/2 signalling, increased cord blood insulin levels and birth weight. Neonatal birth weight was positively correlated with maternal pre-BMI, placental ERK1/2 signalling and cord blood insulin. There was an interaction between OW and GDM in regulating key placental fuel transport and storage gene expression (LPL, FATP6, FABP7, PPAR-α, PPAR-β, PPAR-γ, IR-β, GLUT1, SNAT2, SNAT4, and LAT1). CONCLUSION Maternal OW mainly affects placental lipid metabolism, which may contribute to foetal overgrowth and may impact long-term offspring health. GDM plays a less significant role in affecting placental lipid transfer and other mechanisms may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Second Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanqi Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Second Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Second Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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22
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Wahab RJ, Jaddoe VWV, Voerman E, Ruijter GJG, Felix JF, Marchioro L, Uhl O, Shokry E, Koletzko B, Gaillard R. Maternal Body Mass Index, Early-Pregnancy Metabolite Profile, and Birthweight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e315-e327. [PMID: 34390344 PMCID: PMC8684472 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) has a strong influence on gestational metabolism, but detailed metabolic alterations are unknown. OBJECTIVE First, to examine the associations of maternal prepregnancy BMI with maternal early-pregnancy metabolite alterations. Second, to identify an early-pregnancy metabolite profile associated with birthweight in women with a higher prepregnancy BMI that improved prediction of birthweight compared to glucose and lipid concentrations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prepregnancy BMI was obtained in a subgroup of 682 Dutch pregnant women from the Generation R prospective cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Maternal nonfasting targeted amino acids, nonesterified fatty acid, phospholipid, and carnitine concentrations measured in blood serum at mean gestational age of 12.8 weeks. Birthweight was obtained from medical records. RESULTS A higher prepregnancy BMI was associated with 72 altered amino acids, nonesterified fatty acid, phospholipid and carnitine concentrations, and 6 metabolite ratios reflecting Krebs cycle, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolic processes (P-values < 0.05). Using penalized regression models, a metabolite profile was selected including 15 metabolites and 4 metabolite ratios based on its association with birthweight in addition to prepregnancy BMI. The adjusted R2 of birthweight was 6.1% for prepregnancy BMI alone, 6.2% after addition of glucose and lipid concentrations, and 12.9% after addition of the metabolite profile. CONCLUSIONS A higher maternal prepregnancy BMI was associated with altered maternal early-pregnancy amino acids, nonesterified fatty acids, phospholipids, and carnitines. Using these metabolites, we identified a maternal metabolite profile that improved prediction of birthweight in women with a higher prepregnancy BMI compared to glucose and lipid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama J Wahab
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam,the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia’s Children’s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam,the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia’s Children’s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellis Voerman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam,the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia’s Children’s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - George J G Ruijter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Disease, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam,the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia’s Children’s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Marchioro
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dept. Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dept. Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Engy Shokry
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dept. Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dept. Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam,the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia’s Children’s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Romy Gaillard, MD, PhD, The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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23
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Metabolomics prospect of obesity and metabolic syndrome; a systematic review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 21:889-917. [DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00917-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Yang Y, Pan Z, Guo F, Wang H, Long W, Wang H, Yu B. Placental metabolic profiling in gestational diabetes mellitus: An important role of fatty acids. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e24096. [PMID: 34752662 PMCID: PMC8649376 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy. Accumulating studies have reported metabolites that are significantly associated with the development of GDM. However, studies on the metabolism of placenta, the most important organ of maternal‐fetal energy and material transport, are extremely rare. This study aimed to identify and discuss the relationship between differentially expressed metabolites (DEM) and clinical parameters of the mothers and newborns. Methods In this study, metabolites from 63 placenta tissues (32 GDM and 31 normal controls) were assayed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC‐HRMS). Results A total of 1297 annotated metabolites were detected, of which 87 significantly different in GDM placenta. Lipids and lipid‐like molecules accounted for 62.1% of DEM as they were significantly enriched via the “biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids” and “fatty acid biosynthesis” pathways. Linoleic acid and α‐linolenic acid appeared to be good biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of GDM. In addition, the level of PC(14:0/18:0) was negatively correlated with neonatal weight. 14 metabolites significantly different in male and female offspring, with the most increase in female newborns. Conclusion Even if maternal blood glucose level is well controlled, there are still metabolic abnormalities in GDM. Lipids and lipid‐like molecules were the main differential metabolites, especially unsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhaoping Pan
- Department of Obstetrics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei Long
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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25
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Mohammad S, Bhattacharjee J, Vasanthan T, Harris CS, Bainbridge SA, Adamo KB. Metabolomics to understand placental biology: Where are we now? Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101663. [PMID: 34653888 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, the application of analytical chemistry methodologies to survey the chemical composition of a biological system, is used to globally profile and compare metabolites in one or more groups of samples. Given that metabolites are the terminal end-products of cellular metabolic processes, or 'phenotype' of a cell, tissue, or organism, metabolomics is valuable to the study of the maternal-fetal interface as it has the potential to reveal nuanced complexities of a biological system as well as differences over time or between individuals. The placenta acts as the primary site of maternal-fetal exchange, the success of which is paramount to growth and development of offspring during pregnancy and beyond. Although the study of metabolomics has proven moderately useful for the screening, diagnosis, and understanding of the pathophysiology of pregnancy complications, the placental metabolome in the context of a healthy pregnancy remains poorly characterized and understood. Herein, we discuss the technical aspects of metabolomics and review the current literature describing the placental metabolome in human and animal models, in the context of health and disease. Finally, we highlight areas for future opportunities in the emerging field of placental metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohammad
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J Bhattacharjee
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - T Vasanthan
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - C S Harris
- Department of Biology & Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S A Bainbridge
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - K B Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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26
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New Advances in Tissue Metabolomics: A Review. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100672. [PMID: 34677387 PMCID: PMC8541552 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics offers a hypothesis-generating approach for biomarker discovery in clinical medicine while also providing better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of chronic diseases. Clinical metabolomic studies largely rely on human biofluids (e.g., plasma, urine) as a more convenient specimen type for investigation. However, biofluids are non-organ specific reflecting complex biochemical processes throughout the body, which may complicate biochemical interpretations. For these reasons, tissue metabolomic studies enable deeper insights into aberrant metabolism occurring at the direct site of disease pathogenesis. This review highlights new advances in metabolomics for ex vivo analysis, as well as in situ imaging of tissue specimens, including diverse tissue types from animal models and human participants. Moreover, we discuss key pre-analytical and post-analytical challenges in tissue metabolomics for robust biomarker discovery with a focus on new methodological advances introduced over the past six years, including innovative clinical applications for improved screening, diagnostic testing, and therapeutic interventions for cancer.
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27
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Chae SA, Son JS, Du M. Prenatal exercise in fetal development: a placental perspective. FEBS J 2021; 289:3058-3071. [PMID: 34449982 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are common in Western societies, which impair fetal development and predispose offspring to metabolic dysfunction. Placenta is the organ linking the mother to her fetus, and MO suppresses the development of vascular system and expression of nutrient transporters in placenta, thereby affecting fetal development. For maintaining its proper physiological function, placenta is energy demanding, which is met through extensive oxidative phosphorylation. However, the oxidative capacity of placenta is suppressed due to MO and GDM. Recently, several studies showed that physical activity during pregnancy enhances oxidative metabolism and improves placental function, which might be partially mediated by exerkines, referring to cytokines elicited by exercise. In addition, as an endocrine organ, placenta secretes cytokines, termed placentokines, including apelin, superoxide dismutase 3, irisin, and adiponectin, which mediate fetal development and maternal metabolism. Possible molecular mechanisms linking maternal exercise and placentokines to placental and fetal development are further discussed. As an emerging field, up to now, available studies are limited, mostly conducted in rodents. Given the epidemics of obesity and metabolic disorders, as well as the prevalence of maternal sedentary lifestyle, the effects of exercise of pregnant women on placental function and placentokine secretion, as well as their impacts on fetal development, need to be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ah Chae
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jun Seok Son
- Laboratory of Perinatal Kinesioepigenetics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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28
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Bourdin-Pintueles A, Galineau L, Nadal-Desbarats L, Dupuy C, Bodard S, Busson J, Lefèvre A, Emond P, Mavel S. Maternal Rat Metabolomics: Amniotic Fluid and Placental Metabolic Profiling Workflows. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3853-3864. [PMID: 34282913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studying the metabolome of specific gestational compartments is of growing interest in the context of fetus developmental disorders. However, the metabolomes of the placenta and amniotic fluid (AF) are poorly characterized. Therefore, we present the validation of a fingerprinting methodology. Using pregnant rats, we performed exhaustive and robust extractions of metabolites in the AF and lipids and more polar metabolites in the placenta. For the AF, we compared the extraction capabilities of methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (ACN), and a mixture of both. For the placenta, we compared (i) the extraction capabilities of dichloromethane, methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE), and butanol, along with (ii) the impact of lyophilization of the placental tissue. Analyses were performed on a C18 and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry. The efficiency and the robustness of the extractions were compared based on the number of the features or metabolites (for untargeted or targeted approach, respectively), their mean total intensity, and their coefficient of variation (% CV). The extraction capabilities of MeOH and ACN on the AF metabolome were equivalent. Lyophilization also had no significant impact and usefulness on the placental tissue metabolome profiling. Considering the placental lipidome, MTBE extraction was more informative because it allowed extraction of a slightly higher number of lipids, in higher concentration. This proof-of-concept study assessing the metabolomics and lipidomics of the AF and the placenta revealed changes in both metabolisms, at two different stages of rat gestation, and allowed a detailed prenatal metabolic fingerprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Galineau
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours 37000, France
| | | | - Camille Dupuy
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours 37000, France
| | - Sylvie Bodard
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours 37000, France
| | - Julie Busson
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours 37000, France
| | - Antoine Lefèvre
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours 37000, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours 37000, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Nucléaire In Vitro, Tours 37000, France
| | - Sylvie Mavel
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours 37000, France
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29
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Jaremek A, Jeyarajah MJ, Jaju Bhattad G, Renaud SJ. Omics Approaches to Study Formation and Function of Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblast. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674162. [PMID: 34211975 PMCID: PMC8240757 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper development of the placenta is vital for pregnancy success. The placenta regulates exchange of nutrients and gases between maternal and fetal blood and produces hormones essential to maintain pregnancy. The placental cell lineage primarily responsible for performing these functions is a multinucleated entity called syncytiotrophoblast. Syncytiotrophoblast is continuously replenished throughout pregnancy by fusion of underlying progenitor cells called cytotrophoblasts. Dysregulated syncytiotrophoblast formation disrupts the integrity of the placental exchange surface, which can be detrimental to maternal and fetal health. Moreover, various factors produced by syncytiotrophoblast enter into maternal circulation, where they profoundly impact maternal physiology and are promising diagnostic indicators of pregnancy health. Despite the multifunctional importance of syncytiotrophoblast for pregnancy success, there is still much to learn about how its formation is regulated in normal and diseased states. ‘Omics’ approaches are gaining traction in many fields to provide a more holistic perspective of cell, tissue, and organ function. Herein, we review human syncytiotrophoblast development and current model systems used for its study, discuss how ‘omics’ strategies have been used to provide multidimensional insights into its formation and function, and highlight limitations of current platforms as well as consider future avenues for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jaremek
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mariyan J Jeyarajah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gargi Jaju Bhattad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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30
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Fowden AL, Camm EJ, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Effects of Maternal Obesity On Placental Phenotype. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:113-131. [PMID: 32400334 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200513115316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity is rising rapidly worldwide with the consequence that more women are entering pregnancy overweight or obese. This leads to an increased incidence of clinical complications during pregnancy and of poor obstetric outcomes. The offspring of obese pregnancies are often macrosomic at birth although there is also a subset of the progeny that are growth-restricted at term. Maternal obesity during pregnancy is also associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and endocrine dysfunction in the offspring later in life. As the interface between the mother and fetus, the placenta has a central role in programming intrauterine development and is known to adapt its phenotype in response to environmental conditions such as maternal undernutrition and hypoxia. However, less is known about placental function in the abnormal metabolic and endocrine environment associated with maternal obesity during pregnancy. This review discusses the placental consequences of maternal obesity induced either naturally or experimentally by increasing maternal nutritional intake and/or changing the dietary composition. It takes a comparative, multi-species approach and focusses on placental size, morphology, nutrient transport, metabolism and endocrine function during the later stages of obese pregnancy. It also examines the interventions that have been made during pregnancy in an attempt to alleviate the more adverse impacts of maternal obesity on placental phenotype. The review highlights the potential role of adaptations in placental phenotype as a contributory factor to the pregnancy complications and changes in fetal growth and development that are associated with maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Fowden
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - E J Camm
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - A N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
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31
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Meinilä J, Klemetti MM, Huvinen E, Engberg E, Andersson S, Stach-Lempinen B, Koivusalo S. Macronutrient intake during pregnancy in women with a history of obesity or gestational diabetes and offspring adiposity at 5 years of age. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1030-1043. [PMID: 33558642 PMCID: PMC8081655 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The impact of maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy on offspring childhood adiposity is unclear. We assessed the associations between maternal macronutrient intake during and after pregnancy with offspring adiposity at 5 years of age. Additionally, we investigated whether gestational diabetes (GDM), BMI, or breastfeeding modified these associations. SUBJECTS/METHODS Altogether, 301 mother-child dyads with maternal prepregnancy BMI ≥ 30 and/or previous GDM participated in the Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL) and its 5 years follow-up. Macronutrient intakes (E%) were calculated from 3-day food records collected at 5-18 weeks' gestation, in the third trimester, and at 12 months and 5 years after pregnancy. Offspring body fat mass (BFM) and fat percentage (BF%) at 5 years were measured by bioimpedance. Statistical analyses were multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Mean (SD) prepregnancy BMI was 33(4) kg/m2. GDM was diagnosed in 47%. In normoglycemic women, higher first half of pregnancy n-3 PUFA intake was associated with lower offspring BFM (g) (ß -0.90; 95% CI -1.62, -0.18) and BF% (ß -3.45; 95% CI -6.17, -0.72). In women with GDM, higher first half of pregnancy n-3 PUFA intake was associated with higher offspring BFM (ß 0.94; 95% CI 0.14, 1.75) and BF% (ß 3.21; 95% CI 0.43, 5.99). Higher SFA intake in the third trimester and cumulative intake across pregnancy (mean of the first half and late pregnancy) was associated with higher BFM and BF% (across pregnancy: ß 0.12; 95% CI 0.03, 0.20 and ß 0.44; 95% CI 0.15, 0.73, respectively). Higher carbohydrate intake across pregnancy was associated with lower BFM (ß -0.044; 95% CI -0.086, -0.003), and borderline associated with BF% (ß -0.15; 95% CI -0.31, 0.00). CONCLUSIONS The macronutrient composition of maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with offspring BFM and BF% at 5 years. GDM modifies the association between prenatal n-3 PUFA intake and offspring anthropometrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Meinilä
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Miira M Klemetti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emilia Huvinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Engberg
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Beata Stach-Lempinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Saila Koivusalo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Diceglie C, Anelli GM, Martelli C, Serati A, Lo Dico A, Lisso F, Parisi F, Novielli C, Paleari R, Cetin I, Ottobrini L, Mandò C. Placental Antioxidant Defenses and Autophagy-Related Genes in Maternal Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041303. [PMID: 33920886 PMCID: PMC8071310 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are increasing worldwide, representing risk factors for both mother and child short/long-term outcomes. Oxidative stress, lipotoxicity and altered autophagy have already been reported in obesity, but few studies have focused on obese pregnant women with GDM. Antioxidant and macro/chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA)-related gene expressions were evaluated herein in obese and GDM placentas. A total of 47 women with singleton pregnancies delivered by elective cesarean section were enrolled: 16 normal weight (NW), 18 obese with no comorbidities (OB GDM(–)), 13 obese with GDM (OB GDM(+)). Placental gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR. Antioxidant gene expression (CAT, GPX1, GSS) decreased, the pro-autophagic ULK1 gene increased and the chaperone-mediated autophagy regulator PHLPP1 decreased in OB GDM(–) vs. NW. On the other hand, PHLPP1 expression increased in OB GDM(+) vs. OB GDM(–). When analyzing results in relation to fetal sex, we found sexual dimorphism for both antioxidant and CMA-related gene expressions. These preliminary results can pave the way for further analyses aimed at elucidating the placental autophagy role in metabolic pregnancy disorders and its potential targetability for the treatment of diabetes outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Diceglie
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (A.S.); (A.L.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Gaia Maria Anelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.M.A.); (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
| | - Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (A.S.); (A.L.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Anais Serati
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (A.S.); (A.L.D.); (R.P.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.M.A.); (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (A.S.); (A.L.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Fabrizia Lisso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.M.A.); (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milano, Italy;
| | - Chiara Novielli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.M.A.); (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
| | - Renata Paleari
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (A.S.); (A.L.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.M.A.); (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milano, Italy;
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (A.S.); (A.L.D.); (R.P.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.O.); (C.M.); Tel.: +39-02-503-30346 (L.O.); +39-02-503-19883 (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Mandò
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.M.A.); (F.L.); (C.N.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.O.); (C.M.); Tel.: +39-02-503-30346 (L.O.); +39-02-503-19883 (C.M.)
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Parisi F, Milazzo R, Savasi VM, Cetin I. Maternal Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation and Intrauterine Programming of Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041732. [PMID: 33572203 PMCID: PMC7914818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity during pregnancy have been associated with increased birth weight, childhood obesity, and noncommunicable diseases in the offspring, leading to a vicious transgenerational perpetuating of metabolic derangements. Key components in intrauterine developmental programming still remain to be identified. Obesity involves chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that, in addition to physiological adaptations to pregnancy, may potentially expand to the placental interface and lead to intrauterine derangements with a threshold effect. Animal models, where maternal inflammation is mimicked by single injections with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resembling the obesity-induced immune profile, showed increased adiposity and impaired metabolic homeostasis in the offspring, similar to the phenotype observed after exposure to maternal obesity. Cytokine levels might be specifically important for the metabolic imprinting, as cytokines are transferable from maternal to fetal circulation and have the capability to modulate placental nutrient transfer. Maternal inflammation may induce metabolic reprogramming at several levels, starting from the periconceptional period with effects on the oocyte going through early stages of embryonic and placental development. Given the potential to reduce inflammation through inexpensive, widely available therapies, examinations of the impact of chronic inflammation on reproductive and pregnancy outcomes, as well as preventive interventions, are now needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Parisi
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, ‘V. Buzzi’ Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20141 Milan, Italy; (R.M.); (I.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberta Milazzo
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, ‘V. Buzzi’ Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20141 Milan, Italy; (R.M.); (I.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valeria M. Savasi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, ‘L. Sacco’ Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, ‘V. Buzzi’ Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20141 Milan, Italy; (R.M.); (I.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
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Fu J, Luo Y, Mou M, Zhang H, Tang J, Wang Y, Zhu F. Advances in Current Diabetes Proteomics: From the Perspectives of Label- free Quantification and Biomarker Selection. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:34-54. [PMID: 31433754 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190821160207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its prevalence and negative impacts on both the economy and society, the diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a worldwide concern. In light of this, the label-free quantification (LFQ) proteomics and diabetic marker selection methods have been applied to elucidate the underlying mechanisms associated with insulin resistance, explore novel protein biomarkers, and discover innovative therapeutic protein targets. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this manuscript is to review and analyze the recent computational advances and development of label-free quantification and diabetic marker selection in diabetes proteomics. METHODS Web of Science database, PubMed database and Google Scholar were utilized for searching label-free quantification, computational advances, feature selection and diabetes proteomics. RESULTS In this study, we systematically review the computational advances of label-free quantification and diabetic marker selection methods which were applied to get the understanding of DM pathological mechanisms. Firstly, different popular quantification measurements and proteomic quantification software tools which have been applied to the diabetes studies are comprehensively discussed. Secondly, a number of popular manipulation methods including transformation, pretreatment (centering, scaling, and normalization), missing value imputation methods and a variety of popular feature selection techniques applied to diabetes proteomic data are overviewed with objective evaluation on their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the guidelines for the efficient use of the computationbased LFQ technology and feature selection methods in diabetes proteomics are proposed. CONCLUSION In summary, this review provides guidelines for researchers who will engage in proteomics biomarker discovery and by properly applying these proteomic computational advances, more reliable therapeutic targets will be found in the field of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Minjie Mou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongning Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Novielli C, Anelli GM, Lisso F, Marzorati A, Parrilla B, Oneta M, Savasi VM, Cetin I, Mandò C. Effects of α-lipoic acid and myo-inositol supplementation on the oocyte environment of infertile obese women: A preliminary study. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:541-546. [PMID: 33371944 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is becoming pandemic and is associated with impaired reproductive potential. Oxidative stress, low-grade chronic inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunctions, which characterize obesity, strongly affect oocyte environment and function. Supplementation with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds has been suggested to improve fertility. Here we evaluated the effect of α-lipoic acid and myo-inositol supplementation on the oocyte environment of infertile obese women. Nineteen normal-weight and twenty-three obese women, infertile for non-ovarian reasons, were recruited. For two months before ovarian stimulation, all women received 400 μg/die folic acid, whereas 15 obese were additionally supplemented with 800 mg α-lipoic acid, 2 g myo-inositol/die. Antioxidant capacity was measured in follicular fluid by enzymatic assay; mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and mRNA levels of two respiratory chain subunits were analyzed in granulosa cells by Real-time PCR. Pregnancy rate was similar between normal-weight and treated obese, and lower in untreated obese patients. Supplemented women showed significantly higher antioxidant levels in follicular fluid compared to the two groups taking only folic acid. Conversely, granulosa cells mtDNA content was decreased in treated and higher in untreated obese patients compared to normal-weight women, suggesting mtDNA increases to compensate for oxidative-stress damages. Reduced expression of respiratory subunits in untreated obese may confirm mitochondria impairment. Interestingly, mtDNA levels inversely correlated to both total and metaphase II oocyte number. In this preliminary study, combined supplementation of α-lipoic acid and myo-inositol in infertile obese women was associated with amelioration in the oxidative status of the oocyte environment, possibly contributing to a higher pregnancy rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Novielli
- Università degli Studi di Milano, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy
| | - Gaia M Anelli
- Università degli Studi di Milano, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Lisso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Marzorati
- Università degli Studi di Milano, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy
| | - Bina Parrilla
- ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Oneta
- ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria M Savasi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy; ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Università degli Studi di Milano, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy; ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Mandò
- Università degli Studi di Milano, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy.
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Álvarez D, Muñoz Y, Ortiz M, Maliqueo M, Chouinard-Watkins R, Valenzuela R. Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010019. [PMID: 33374585 PMCID: PMC7822469 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal and postnatal development are closely related to healthy maternal conditions that allow for the provision of all nutritional requirements to the offspring. In this regard, an appropriate supply of fatty acids (FA), mainly n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), is crucial to ensure a normal development, because they are an integral part of cell membranes and participate in the synthesis of bioactive molecules that regulate multiple signaling pathways. On the other hand, maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain affect FA supply to the fetus and neonate, altering placental nutrient transfer, as well as the production and composition of breast milk during lactation. In this regard, maternal obesity modifies FA profile, resulting in low n-3 and elevated n-6 PUFA levels in maternal and fetal circulation during pregnancy, as well as in breast milk during lactation. These modifications are associated with a pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress with short and long-term consequences in different organs of the fetus and neonate, including in the liver, brain, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Altogether, these changes confer to the offspring a higher risk of developing obesity and its complications, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders, asthma, and cancer. Considering the consequences of an abnormal FA supply to offspring induced by maternal obesity, we aimed to review the effects of obesity on the metabolism and bioavailability of FA during pregnancy and breastfeeding, with an emphasis on LCPUFA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Álvarez
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Yasna Muñoz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +56-2-9786746
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Lau CHE, Taylor-Bateman V, Vorkas PA, Graça G, Vu THT, Hou L, Chekmeneva E, Ebbels TMD, Chan Q, Van Horn L, Holmes E. Metabolic Signatures of Gestational Weight Gain and Postpartum Weight Loss in a Lifestyle Intervention Study of Overweight and Obese Women. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120498. [PMID: 33291639 PMCID: PMC7761920 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Overweight and obesity amongst women of reproductive age are increasingly common in developed economies and are shown to adversely affect birth outcomes and both childhood and adulthood health risks in the offspring. Metabolic profiling in conditions of overweight and obesity in pregnancy could potentially be applied to elucidate the molecular basis of the adverse effects of gestational weight gain (GWG) and postpartum weight loss (WL) on future risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic diseases. Methods: Biofluid samples were collected from 114 ethnically diverse pregnant women with body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m2 from Chicago (US), as part of a randomized lifestyle intervention trial (Maternal Offspring Metabolics: Family Intervention Trial; NCT01631747). At 15 weeks, 35 weeks of gestation, and at 1 year postpartum, the blood plasma lipidome and metabolic profile of urine samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) respectively. Results: Urinary 4-deoxyerythronic acid and 4-deoxythreonic acid were found to be positively correlated to BMI. Seventeen plasma lipids were found to be associated with GWG and 16 lipids were found to be associated with WL, which included phosphatidylinositols (PI), phosphatidylcholines (PC), lysophospholipids (lyso-), sphingomyelins (SM) and ether phosphatidylcholine (PC-O). Three phospholipids found to be positively associated with GWG all contained palmitate side-chains, and amongst the 14 lipids that were negatively associated with GWG, seven were PC-O. Six of eight lipids found to be negatively associated with WL contained an 18:2 fatty acid side-chain. Conclusions: Maternal obesity was associated with characteristic urine and plasma metabolic phenotypes, and phospholipid profile was found to be associated with both GWG and postpartum WL in metabolically healthy pregnant women with overweight/obesity. Postpartum WL may be linked to the reduction in the intake of linoleic acid/conjugated linoleic acid food sources in our study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ho E. Lau
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK;
- Correspondence: (C.-H.E.L.); (E.H.)
| | - Victoria Taylor-Bateman
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Panagiotis A. Vorkas
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gonçalo Graça
- Section of Bioinformatics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (G.G.); (T.M.D.E.)
| | - Thanh-Huyen T. Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (L.H.); (L.V.H.)
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (L.H.); (L.V.H.)
| | - Elena Chekmeneva
- National Phenome Centre and Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, IRDB Building, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Timothy M. D. Ebbels
- Section of Bioinformatics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (G.G.); (T.M.D.E.)
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK;
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (L.H.); (L.V.H.)
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (C.-H.E.L.); (E.H.)
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Metabolomic Analysis of Plasma from GABAB(1) Knock-Out Mice Reveals Decreased Levels of Elaidic Trans-Fatty Acid. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120484. [PMID: 33255896 PMCID: PMC7760308 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking the GABAB(1) subunit of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type B receptors exhibit spontaneous seizures, hyperalgesia, hyperlocomotor activity, and memory impairment. Although mice lacking the GABAB(1) subunit are viable, they are sterile, and to generate knockout (KO) mice, it is necessary to cross heterozygous (HZ) mice. The aim of our study was to detect the metabolic differences between the three genotypes of GABAB(1) KO mice in order to further characterize this experimental animal model. Plasma samples were collected from wild-type (WT), HZ, and KO mice. Samples were analyzed by means of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) platform. Univariate t-test, and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed to compare the metabolic pattern of different genotypes. The metabolomic analysis highlighted differences between the three genotypes and identified some metabolites less abundant in KO mice, namely elaidic acid and other fatty acids, and chiro-inositol.
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Dai Y, Huo X, Cheng Z, Faas MM, Xu X. Early-life exposure to widespread environmental toxicants and maternal-fetal health risk: A focus on metabolomic biomarkers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139626. [PMID: 32535459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to widespread environmental toxicants is detrimental to maternal health and fetal development. The effects of environmental toxicants on maternal and fetal metabolic profile changes have not yet been summarized. This systematic review aims to summarize the current studies exploring the association between prenatal exposure to environmental toxicants and metabolic profile alterations in mother and fetus. We searched the MEDLINE (PubMed) electronic database for relevant literature conducted up to September 18, 2019 with some key terms. From the initial 155 articles, 15 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and consist of highly heterogeneous research methods. Seven studies assessed the effects of multiple environmental pollutants (metals, organic pollutants, nicotine, air pollutants) on the maternal urine and blood metabolomic profile; five studies evaluated the effects of arsenic, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), nicotine, and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the cord blood metabolomic profile; and one study assessed the effects of smoking exposure on the amniotic fluid metabolomic profile. The alteration of metabolic pathways in these studies mainly involve energy metabolism, hormone metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. No population study investigated the association between environmental toxicants and placental metabolomics. This systematic review provides evidence that prenatal exposure to a variety of environmental pollutants can affect maternal and fetal metabolomic characteristics. Integration of environmental toxicant exposure and metabolomics data in maternal-fetal samples is helpful to understand the interaction between toxicants and metabolites, so as to reveal the pathogenesis of fetal disease or diseases of fetal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Dai
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiheng Cheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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Bidne KL, Rister AL, McCain AR, Hitt BD, Dodds ED, Wood JR. Maternal obesity alters placental lysophosphatidylcholines, lipid storage, and the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism‡. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:197-210. [PMID: 33048132 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a characteristic of maternal obesity and previous studies have demonstrated abnormalities in fatty acid oxidation and storage in term placentas. However, there is little information about the effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on placental lipid metabolism during early pregnancy. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between lipid profiles and markers of metabolism in placentas from obese and lean dams at midgestation. Mice were fed a western diet (WD) or normal diet (ND) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and/or phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were measured in dam circulation and placenta sections using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry imaging, respectively. In WD dam, circulating LPCs containing 16:1, 18:1, 20:0, and 20:3 fatty acids were increased and 18:2 and 20:4 were decreased. In WD placenta from both sexes, LPC 18:1 and PC 36:1 and 38:3 were increased. Furthermore, there were moderate to strong correlations between LPC 18:1, PC 36:1, and PC 38:3. Treatment-, spatial-, and sex-dependent differences in LPC 20:1 and 20:3 were also detected. To identify genes that may regulate diet-dependent differences in placenta lipid profiles, the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and nutrient transport was measured in whole placenta and isolated labyrinth using droplet digital PCR and Nanostring nCounter assays. Several apolipoproteins were increased in WD placentas. However, no differences in nutrient transport or fatty acid metabolism were detected. Together, these data indicate that lipid storage is increased in midgestation WD placentas, which may lead to lipotoxicity, altered lipid metabolism and transport to the fetus later in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Bidne
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Alana L Rister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Andrea R McCain
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Brianna D Hitt
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Eric D Dodds
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.,Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer R Wood
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Bianchi C, Taricco E, Cardellicchio M, Mandò C, Massari M, Savasi V, Cetin I. The role of obesity and gestational diabetes on placental size and fetal oxygenation. Placenta 2020; 103:59-63. [PMID: 33080447 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal pregestational obesity is a significant risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as gestational diabetes. Both these conditions can have an impact on placental development and affect maternal-fetal exchanges, compromising fetal metabolic status. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of pre-pregnancy BMI on placental size and to evaluate the role of obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on fetal oxygenation in overweight and obese pregnant women. METHODS 208 normal weight (NW), 57 overweight (OW) and 69 obese (OB) women were studied at elective cesarean section (CS) at term. 10 OW and 24 OB women were affected by GDM. Maternal, fetal and placental data were collected. Respiratory gases and acid-base balance were measured in umbilical venous and arterial blood. RESULTS Placental weight and thickness were higher in OB pregnancies. Lower fetal-placental ratios (F/P) were found in GDM pregnancies, both OW and OB. Fetuses from OB mothers were more hypoxic and acidemic compared to NW, particularly when complicated by GDM. DISCUSSION In agreement with previous studies, our data show that placentas from OB and GDM pregnancies are heavier and thicker, suggesting that an unbalanced pregestational nutritional status can decrease the placental efficiency in maternal-fetal exchanges. Fetuses from obese women are also hypoxic and acidemic, while fetuses from gestational diabetic mothers are hypoxic, reflecting that an altered pre-pregnancy BMI can affect fetal oxygenation, and GDM can play an additional detrimental role, thus worsening placental function and fetal oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bianchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vittore Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Via L. Castelvetro 32, Milan, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Taricco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vittore Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Via L. Castelvetro 32, Milan, Italy.
| | - Manuela Cardellicchio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Via GB Grassi 74, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Mandò
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Massari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vittore Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Via L. Castelvetro 32, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valeria Savasi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Via GB Grassi 74, Milan, Italy.
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vittore Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Via L. Castelvetro 32, Milan, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Via GB Grassi 74, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Placental function in maternal obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:961-984. [PMID: 32313958 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with pregnancy complications and increases the risk for the infant to develop obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. However, the mechanisms linking the maternal obesogenic environment to adverse short- and long-term outcomes remain poorly understood. As compared with pregnant women with normal BMI, women entering pregnancy obese have more pronounced insulin resistance, higher circulating plasma insulin, leptin, IGF-1, lipids and possibly proinflammatory cytokines and lower plasma adiponectin. Importantly, the changes in maternal levels of nutrients, growth factors and hormones in maternal obesity modulate placental function. For example, high insulin, leptin, IGF-1 and low adiponectin in obese pregnant women activate mTOR signaling in the placenta, promoting protein synthesis, mitochondrial function and nutrient transport. These changes are believed to increase fetal nutrient supply and contribute to fetal overgrowth and/or adiposity in offspring, which increases the risk to develop disease later in life. However, the majority of obese women give birth to normal weight infants and these pregnancies are also associated with activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, oxidative stress, decreased oxidative phosphorylation and lipid accumulation in the placenta. Recent bioinformatics approaches have expanded our understanding of how maternal obesity affects the placenta; however, the link between changes in placental function and adverse outcomes in obese women giving birth to normal sized infants is unclear. Interventions that specifically target placental function, such as activation of placental adiponectin receptors, may prevent the transmission of metabolic disease from obese women to the next generation.
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Saoi M, Kennedy KM, Gohir W, Sloboda DM, Britz-McKibbin P. Placental Metabolomics for Assessment of Sex-specific Differences in Fetal Development During Normal Gestation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9399. [PMID: 32523064 PMCID: PMC7286906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a metabolically active interfacial organ that plays crucial roles in fetal nutrient delivery, gas exchange and waste removal reflecting dynamic maternal and fetal interactions during gestation. There is growing evidence that the sex of the placenta influences fetal responses to external stimuli in utero, such as changes in maternal nutrition and exposure to environmental stressors. However, the exact biochemical mechanisms associated with sex-specific metabolic adaptations during pregnancy and its link to placental function and fetal development remain poorly understood. Herein, multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry is used as a high throughput metabolomics platform to characterize lyophilized placental tissue (~2 mg dried weight) from C57BL/6J mice fed a standardized diet. Over 130 authentic metabolites were consistently measured from placental extracts when using a nontargeted metabolomics workflow with stringent quality control and robust batch correction. Our work revealed distinct metabolic phenotype differences that exist between male (n = 14) and female (n = 14) placentae collected at embryonic day E18.5. Intracellular metabolites associated with fatty acid oxidation and purine degradation were found to be elevated in females as compared to male placentae (p < 0.05, effect size >0.40), including uric acid, valerylcarnitine, hexanoylcarnitine, and 3-hydroxyhexanolycarnitine. This murine model sheds new insights into sex-specific differences in placental mitochondrial function and protective mechanisms against deleterious oxidative stress that may impact fetal growth and birth outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Saoi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Katherine M Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Wajiha Gohir
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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Carlson NS, Frediani JK, Corwin EJ, Dunlop A, Jones D. Metabolic Pathways Associated With Term Labor Induction Course in African American Women. Biol Res Nurs 2020; 22:157-168. [PMID: 31983215 PMCID: PMC7273804 DOI: 10.1177/1099800419899730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in the metabolic pathways activated in late-pregnancy serum samples among African American women who went on to have term (≥37 weeks) labor induction requiring high total oxytocin doses to complete first-stage labor compared to those in similar women with low-oxytocin labor inductions. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study (N = 27 women with labor induction with successful cervical ripening: 13 requiring the highest total doses of synthetic oxytocin to progress from 4- to 10-cm cervical dilation and 14 requiring the lowest total doses) with groups balanced on parity and gestational age. Serum samples obtained between 24 and 30 weeks' gestation were analyzed using ultra-high-resolution metabolomics. Differentially expressed metabolites between high-oxytocin induction cases and low-oxytocin induction comparison subjects were evaluated using linear regression with xmsPANDA. Metabolic pathways analysis was conducted using Mummichog Version 2.0, with discriminating metabolites annotated using xMSannotator Version 1.3. RESULTS Labor processes were similar by group with the exception that cases received over 6 times more oxytocin between 4- and 10-cm cervical dilation than comparison women. Induction requiring high total doses of synthetic oxytocin was associated with late-pregnancy serum levels of metabolites from the linoleate and fatty acid activation pathways in term, African American women. CONCLUSION Serum levels of several lipid metabolites predicted more complicated labor induction involving higher doses of synthetic oxytocin to complete first-stage labor. Further investigation in larger, more diverse cohorts of women is needed to identify potential targets to prevent failed labor induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Carlson
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University,
Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth J. Corwin
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University,
Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Dunlop
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University,
Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,
USA
| | - Dean Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract
In the last years, 'omics' technologies, and especially metabolomics, emerged as expanding scientific disciplines and promising technologies in the characterization of several pathophysiological processes.In detail, metabolomics, able to detect in a dynamic way the whole set of molecules of low molecular weight in cells, tissues, organs, and biological fluids, can provide a detailed phenotypic portray, representing a metabolic "snapshot."Thanks to its numerous strength points, metabolomics could become a fundamental tool in human health, allowing the exact evaluation of individual metabolic responses to pathophysiological stimuli including drugs, environmental changes, lifestyle, a great number of diseases and other epigenetics factors.Moreover, if current metabolomics data will be confirmed on larger samples, such technology could become useful in the early diagnosis of diseases, maybe even before the clinical onset, allowing a clinical monitoring of disease progression and helping in performing the best therapeutic approach, potentially predicting the therapy response and avoiding overtreatments. Moreover, the application of metabolomics in nutrition could provide significant information on the best nutrition regimen, optimal infantile growth and even in the characterization and improvement of commercial products' composition.These are only some of the fields in which metabolomics was applied, in the perspective of a precision-based, personalized care of human health.In this review, we discuss the available literature on such topic and provide some evidence regarding clinical application of metabolomics in heart diseases, auditory disturbance, nephrouropathies, adult and pediatric cancer, obstetrics, perinatal conditions like asphyxia, neonatal nutrition, neonatal sepsis and even some neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism.Our research group has been interested in metabolomics since several years, performing a wide spectrum of experimental and clinical studies, including the first metabolomics analysis of human breast milk. In the future, it is reasonable to predict that the current knowledge could be applied in daily clinical practice, and that sensible metabolomics biomarkers could be easily detected through cheap and accurate sticks, evaluating biofluids at the patient's bed, improving diagnosis, management and prognosis of sick patients and allowing a personalized medicine. A dream? May be I am a dreamer, but I am not the only one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Carlson NS, Frediani JK, Corwin EJ, Dunlop A, Jones D. Metabolomic Pathways Predicting Labor Dystocia by Maternal Body Mass Index. AJP Rep 2020; 10:e68-e77. [PMID: 32140295 PMCID: PMC7056397 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1702928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the metabolic pathways activated in the serum of African-American women during late pregnancy that predicted term labor dystocia. Study Design Matched case-control study ( n = 97; 48 cases of term labor dystocia and 49 normal labor progression controls) with selection based on body mass index (BMI) at hospital admission and maternal age. Late pregnancy serum samples were analyzed using ultra-high-resolution metabolomics. Differentially expressed metabolic features and pathways between cases experiencing term labor dystocia and normal labor controls were evaluated in the total sample, among women who were obese at the time of labor (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), and among women who were not obese. Results Labor dystocia was predicted by different metabolic pathways in late pregnancy serum among obese (androgen/estrogen biosynthesis) versus nonobese African-American women (fatty acid activation, steroid hormone biosynthesis, bile acid biosynthesis, glycosphingolipid metabolism). After adjusting for maternal BMI and age in the total sample, labor dystocia was predicted by tryptophan metabolic pathways in addition to C21 steroid hormone, glycosphingolipid, and androgen/estrogen metabolism. Conclusion Metabolic pathways consistent with lipotoxicity, steroid hormone production, and tryptophan metabolism in late pregnancy serum were significantly associated with term labor dystocia in African-American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Carlson
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Elizabeth J. Corwin
- Department of Physiology, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York
| | - Anne Dunlop
- Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology, and Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dean Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Mokkala K, Vahlberg T, Pellonperä O, Houttu N, Koivuniemi E, Laitinen K. Distinct Metabolic Profile in Early Pregnancy of Overweight and Obese Women Developing Gestational Diabetes. J Nutr 2020; 150:31-37. [PMID: 31529056 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) would be beneficial in the early prevention of adverse metabolic outcomes during pregnancy and beyond. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate whether the early pregnancy serum metabolic profile differs in women developing GDM from those remaining healthy. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of these metabolites to act as predictive markers for GDM. METHODS This was a prospective study investigating overweight and obese [prepregnancy BMI (in kg/m2) ≥25 and >30, respectively] pregnant women (prepregnancy median BMI: 28.5; IQR: 26.4-31.5; n = 357). Fasting serum samples were analyzed with a targeted NMR approach in early pregnancy (median: 14.3 weeks of gestation). GDM was diagnosed on the basis of a 2-h, 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test at a median of 25.7 weeks of gestation. RESULTS In early pregnancy, 78 lipid metabolites differed in women who later developed GDM (n = 82) compared with those who remained healthy (n = 275) (ANCOVA, adjusted for confounding factors and corrected for multiple comparisons; false discovery rate <0.05). Higher concentrations of several-sized VLDL particles and medium- and small-sized HDL particles, and lower concentrations of very large-sized HDL particles, were detected in women developing GDM. Furthermore, concentrations of amino acids including 2 branched-chain amino acids, isoleucine and leucine, and GlycA, a marker for low-grade inflammation, were higher in women who developed GDM. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the most predictive marker for GDM was a higher concentration of small-sized HDL particles (AUC: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.77; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We identified a distinct early pregnancy metabolomic profile especially attributable to small HDL particles in women developing GDM. The aberrant metabolic profile could represent a novel way to allow early identification of this most common medical condition affecting pregnant women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01922791.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Mokkala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Outi Pellonperä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Houttu
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ella Koivuniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Rangel-Huerta OD, Pastor-Villaescusa B, Gil A. Are we close to defining a metabolomic signature of human obesity? A systematic review of metabolomics studies. Metabolomics 2019; 15:93. [PMID: 31197497 PMCID: PMC6565659 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a disorder characterized by a disproportionate increase in body weight in relation to height, mainly due to the accumulation of fat, and is considered a pandemic of the present century by many international health institutions. It is associated with several non-communicable chronic diseases, namely, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and cancer. Metabolomics is a useful tool to evaluate changes in metabolites due to being overweight and obesity at the body fluid and cellular levels and to ascertain metabolic changes in metabolically unhealthy overweight and obese individuals (MUHO) compared to metabolically healthy individuals (MHO). OBJECTIVES We aimed to conduct a systematic review (SR) of human studies focused on identifying metabolomic signatures in obese individuals and obesity-related metabolic alterations, such as inflammation or oxidative stress. METHODS We reviewed the literature to identify studies investigating the metabolomics profile of human obesity and that were published up to May 7th, 2019 in SCOPUS and PubMed through an SR. The quality of reporting was evaluated using an adapted of QUADOMICS. RESULTS Thirty-three articles were included and classified according to four types of approaches. (i) studying the metabolic signature of obesity, (ii) studying the differential responses of obese and non-obese subjects to dietary challenges (iii) studies that used metabolomics to predict weight loss and aimed to assess the effects of weight loss interventions on the metabolomics profiles of overweight or obese human subjects (iv) articles that studied the effects of specific dietary patterns or dietary compounds on obesity-related metabolic alterations in humans. CONCLUSION The present SR provides state-of-the-art information about the use of metabolomics as an approach to understanding the dynamics of metabolic processes involved in human obesity and emphasizes metabolic signatures related to obesity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Daniel Rangel-Huerta
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Belén Pastor-Villaescusa
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada", Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs-Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
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Impact of Obesity and Hyperglycemia on Placental Mitochondria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2378189. [PMID: 30186542 PMCID: PMC6112210 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2378189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A lipotoxic placental environment is recognized in maternal obesity, with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. These changes might alter mitochondrial function, with excessive production of reactive oxygen species, in a vicious cycle leading to placental dysfunction and impaired pregnancy outcomes. Here, we hypothesize that maternal pregestational body mass index (BMI) and glycemic levels can alter placental mitochondria. We measured mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, real-time PCR) and morphology (electron microscopy) in placentas of forty-seven singleton pregnancies at elective cesarean section. Thirty-seven women were normoglycemic: twenty-one normal-weight women, NW, and sixteen obese women, OB/GDM(−). Ten obese women had gestational diabetes mellitus, OB/GDM(+). OB/GDM(−) presented higher mtDNA levels versus NW, suggesting increased mitochondrial biogenesis in the normoglycemic obese group. These mitochondria showed similar morphology to NW. On the contrary, in OB/GDM(+), mtDNA was not significantly increased versus NW. Nevertheless, mitochondria showed morphological abnormalities, indicating impaired functionality. The metabolic response of the placenta to impairment in obese pregnancies can possibly vary depending on several parameters, resulting in opposite strains acting when insulin resistance of GDM occurs in the obese environment, characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, mitochondrial alterations represent a feature of obese pregnancies with changes in placental energetics that possibly can affect pregnancy outcomes.
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Delhaes F, Giza SA, Koreman T, Eastabrook G, McKenzie CA, Bedell S, Regnault TRH, de Vrijer B. Altered maternal and placental lipid metabolism and fetal fat development in obesity: Current knowledge and advances in non-invasive assessment. Placenta 2018; 69:118-124. [PMID: 29907450 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal maternal lipid profiles, a hallmark of increased maternal adiposity, are associated with pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, and offspring long-term metabolic health is impacted as the consequence of altered fetal growth, physiology and often iatrogenic prematurity. The metabolic changes associated with maternal obesity and/or the consumption of a high-fat diet effecting maternal lipid profiles and metabolism have also been documented to specifically affect placental function and may underlie changes in fetal development and life course disease risk. The placenta plays a critical role in mediating nutritional signals between the fetus and the mother. As obesity rates in women of reproductive age continue to increase, it is becoming evident that inclusion of new technologies that allow for a better understanding of early changes in placental lipid transport and metabolism, non-invasively in maternal circulation, maternal tissues, placenta, fetal circulation and fetal tissues are needed to aid timely clinical diagnosis and treatment for obesity-associated diseases. This review describes pregnancy lipid homeostasis, with specific reference to changes arising from altered maternal body composition on placental and fetal lipid transport and metabolism. Current technologies for lipid assessments, such as metabolomics and lipidomics may be impacted by labour or mode of delivery and are only reflective of a single time point. This review further addresses how established and novel technologies for assessing lipids and their metabolism non-invasively and during the course of pregnancy may guide future research into the effect of maternal metabolic health on pregnancy outcome, placenta and fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Delhaes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Stephanie A Giza
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tianna Koreman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Genevieve Eastabrook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Samantha Bedell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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