1
|
Oubohssaine M, Hnini M, Rabeh K. Exploring lipid signaling in plant physiology: From cellular membranes to environmental adaptation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 300:154295. [PMID: 38885581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Lipids have evolved as versatile signaling molecules that regulate a variety of physiological processes in plants. Convincing evidence highlights their critical role as mediators in a wide range of plant processes required for survival, growth, development, and responses to environmental conditions such as water availability, temperature changes, salt, pests, and diseases. Understanding lipid signaling as a critical process has helped us expand our understanding of plant biology by explaining how plants sense and respond to environmental cues. Lipid signaling pathways constitute a complex network of lipids, enzymes, and receptors that coordinate important cellular responses and stressing plant biology's changing and adaptable traits. Plant lipid signaling involves a wide range of lipid classes, including phospholipids, sphingolipids, oxylipins, and sterols, each of which contributes differently to cellular communication and control. These lipids function not only as structural components, but also as bioactive molecules that transfer signals. The mechanisms entail the production of lipid mediators and their detection by particular receptors, which frequently trigger downstream cascades that affect gene expression, cellular functions, and overall plant growth. This review looks into lipid signaling in plant physiology, giving an in-depth look and emphasizing its critical function as a master regulator of vital activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malika Oubohssaine
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Hnini
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
| | - Karim Rabeh
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu T, Hou Z, Wang H, Chang S, Song X, Zheng W, Zheng L, Wei J, Lu Z, Chen J, Zhou Y, Chen M, Sun S, Jiang Q, Jin L, Ma Y, Xu Z. Soybean steroids improve crop abiotic stress tolerance and increase yield. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2333-2347. [PMID: 38600703 PMCID: PMC11258977 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Sterols have long been associated with diverse fields, such as cancer treatment, drug development, and plant growth; however, their underlying mechanisms and functions remain enigmatic. Here, we unveil a critical role played by a GmNF-YC9-mediated CCAAT-box transcription complex in modulating the steroid metabolism pathway within soybeans. Specifically, this complex directly activates squalene monooxygenase (GmSQE1), which is a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that overexpression of either GmNF-YC9 or GmSQE1 significantly enhances soybean stress tolerance, while the inhibition of SQE weakens this tolerance. Field experiments conducted over two seasons further reveal increased yields per plant in both GmNF-YC9 and GmSQE1 overexpressing plants under drought stress conditions. This enhanced stress tolerance is attributed to the reduction of abiotic stress-induced cell oxidative damage. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses shed light on the upregulation of multiple sterol compounds, including fucosterol and soyasaponin II, in GmNF-YC9 and GmSQE1 overexpressing soybean plants under stress conditions. Intriguingly, the application of soybean steroids, including fucosterol and soyasaponin II, significantly improves drought tolerance in soybean, wheat, foxtail millet, and maize. These findings underscore the pivotal role of soybean steroids in countering oxidative stress in plants and offer a new research strategy for enhancing crop stress tolerance and quality from gene regulation to chemical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tai‐Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and BreedingInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Ze‐Hao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and BreedingInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Hai‐Long Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and BiotechnologyInstitute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shi‐Yang Chang
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Xin‐Yuan Song
- Agro‐biotechnology Research InstituteJilin Academy of Agriculture SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Wei‐Jun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Northwest Agricultural and Forestry UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and BreedingInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Ji‐Tong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and BreedingInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Zhi‐Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and BreedingInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and BreedingInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Yong‐Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and BreedingInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and BreedingInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Su‐Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and BreedingInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Qi‐Yan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and BreedingInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
- College of Agronomy/College of Life SciencesJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Long‐Guo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and BreedingInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - You‐Zhi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and BreedingInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
- College of Agronomy/College of Life SciencesJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhao‐Shi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and BreedingInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
- College of Agronomy/College of Life SciencesJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya)Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Seed Industry LaboratorySanyaChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ohta D, Fuwa A, Yamaroku Y, Isobe K, Nakamoto M, Okazawa A, Ogawa T, Ebine K, Ueda T, Mercier P, Schaller H. Characterization of Subcellular Dynamics of Sterol Methyltransferases Clarifies Defective Cell Division in smt2 smt3, a C-24 Ethyl Sterol-Deficient Mutant of Arabidopsis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:868. [PMID: 39062582 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An Arabidopsis sterol mutant, smt2 smt3, defective in sterolmethyltransferase2 (SMT2), exhibits severe growth abnormalities. The loss of C-24 ethyl sterols, maintaining the biosynthesis of C-24 methyl sterols and brassinosteroids, suggests specific roles of C-24 ethyl sterols. We characterized the subcellular localizations of fluorescent protein-fused sterol biosynthetic enzymes, such as SMT2-GFP, and found these enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum during interphase and identified their movement to the division plane during cytokinesis. The mobilization of endoplasmic reticulum-localized SMT2-GFP was independent of the polarized transport of cytokinetic vesicles to the division plane. In smt2 smt3, SMT2-GFP moved to the abnormal division plane, and unclear cell plate ends were surrounded by hazy structures from SMT2-GFP fluorescent signals and unincorporated cellulose debris. Unusual cortical microtubule organization and impaired cytoskeletal function accompanied the failure to determine the cortical division site and division plane formation. These results indicated that both endoplasmic reticulum membrane remodeling and cytokinetic vesicle transport during cytokinesis were impaired, resulting in the defects of cell wall generation. The cell wall integrity was compromised in the daughter cells, preventing the correct determination of the subsequent cell division site. We discuss the possible roles of C-24 ethyl sterols in the interaction between the cytoskeletal network and the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisaku Ohta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ayaka Fuwa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamaroku
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuki Isobe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takumi Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ebine
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Pierre Mercier
- Institute de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, 12, Rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institute de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, 12, Rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Renna L, Stefano G, Puggioni MP, Kim SJ, Lavell A, Froehlich JE, Burkart G, Mancuso S, Benning C, Brandizzi F. ER-associated VAP27-1 and VAP27-3 proteins functionally link the lipid-binding ORP2A at the ER-chloroplast contact sites. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6008. [PMID: 39019917 PMCID: PMC11255254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts heterotypic membranes at membrane contact sites (MCSs) through largely undefined mechanisms. For instance, despite the well-established and essential role of the plant ER-chloroplast interactions for lipid biosynthesis, and the reported existence of physical contacts between these organelles, almost nothing is known about the ER-chloroplast MCS identity. Here we show that the Arabidopsis ER membrane-associated VAP27 proteins and the lipid-binding protein ORP2A define a functional complex at the ER-chloroplast MCSs. Specifically, through in vivo and in vitro association assays, we found that VAP27 proteins interact with the outer envelope membrane (OEM) of chloroplasts, where they bind to ORP2A. Through lipidomic analyses, we established that VAP27 proteins and ORP2A directly interact with the chloroplast OEM monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), and we demonstrated that the loss of the VAP27-ORP2A complex is accompanied by subtle changes in the acyl composition of MGDG and PG. We also found that ORP2A interacts with phytosterols and established that the loss of the VAP27-ORP2A complex alters sterol levels in chloroplasts. We propose that, by interacting directly with OEM lipids, the VAP27-ORP2A complex defines plant-unique MCSs that bridge ER and chloroplasts and are involved in chloroplast lipid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Renna
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Horticulture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stefano
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Puggioni
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sang-Jin Kim
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anastasiya Lavell
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John E Froehlich
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Graham Burkart
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Horticulture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Fondazione per il Futuro delle Città, Florence, Italy
| | - Christoph Benning
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teng YC, Gielen MC, de Gruijter NM, Ciurtin C, Rosser EC, Karu K. Phytosterols in human serum as measured using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 241:106519. [PMID: 38614432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Phytosterols are lipophilic compounds found in plants with structural similarity to mammalian cholesterol. They cannot be endogenously produced by mammals and therefore always originate from diet. There has been increased interest in dietary phytosterols over the last few decades due to their association with a variety of beneficial health effects including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous effects. They are proposed as potential moderators for diseases associated with the central nervous system where cholesterol homeostasis is found to be imperative (multiple sclerosis, dementia, etc.) due to their ability to reach the brain. Here we utilised an enzyme-assisted derivatisation for sterol analysis (EADSA) in combination with a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSn) to characterise phytosterol content in human serum. As little as 100 fg of plant sterol was injected on a reversed phase LC column. The method allows semi-quantitative measurements of phytosterols and their derivatives simultaneously with measurement of cholesterol metabolites. The identification of phytosterols in human serum was based on comparison of their LC retention times and MS2, MS3 spectra with a library of authentic standards. Free campesterol serum concentration was in the range from 0.30-4.10 µg/mL, β-sitosterol 0.16-3.37 µg/mL and fucosterol was at lowest concentration range from 0.05-0.38 µg/mL in ten individuals. This analytical methodology could be applied to the analysis of other biological fluids and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chun Teng
- UCL Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, 20 Gordon Street, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Claire Gielen
- UCL Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, 20 Gordon Street, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nina M de Gruijter
- UCL Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, 20 Gordon Street, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kersti Karu
- UCL Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, 20 Gordon Street, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zebosi B, Vollbrecht E, Best NB. Brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling: Conserved and diversified functions of core genes across multiple plant species. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:100982. [PMID: 38816993 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important regulators that control myriad aspects of plant growth and development, including biotic and abiotic stress responses, such that modulating BR homeostasis and signaling presents abundant opportunities for plant breeding and crop improvement. Enzymes and other proteins involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of BRs are well understood from molecular genetics and phenotypic analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana; however, knowledge of the molecular functions of these genes in other plant species, especially cereal crop plants, is minimal. In this manuscript, we comprehensively review functional studies of BR genes in Arabidopsis, maize, rice, Setaria, Brachypodium, and soybean to identify conserved and diversified functions across plant species and to highlight cases for which additional research is in order. We performed phylogenetic analysis of gene families involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of BRs and re-analyzed publicly available transcriptomic data. Gene trees coupled with expression data provide a valuable guide to supplement future research on BRs in these important crop species, enabling researchers to identify gene-editing targets for BR-related functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Zebosi
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Erik Vollbrecht
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Norman B Best
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Adigun OA, Pham TH, Grapov D, Nadeem M, Jewell LE, Galagedara L, Cheema M, Thomas R. Lipid mediated plant immunity in susceptible and tolerant soybean cultivars in response to Phytophthora sojae colonization and infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:154. [PMID: 38424489 PMCID: PMC10905861 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean is one of the most cultivated crops globally and a staple food for much of the world's population. The annual global crop losses due to infection by Phytophthora sojae is currently estimated at $20B USD, yet we have limited understanding of the role of lipid mediators in the adaptative strategies used by the host plant to limit infection. Since root is the initial site of this infection, we examined the infection process in soybean root infected with Phytophthora sojae using scanning electron microscopy to observe the changes in root morphology and a multi-modal lipidomics approach to investigate how soybean cultivars remodel their lipid mediators to successfully limit infection by Phytophthora sojae. RESULTS The results reveal the presence of elevated biogenic crystals and more severe damaged cells in the root morphology of the infected susceptible cultivar compared to the infected tolerant cultivars. Furthermore, induced accumulation of stigmasterol was observed in the susceptible cultivar whereas, induced accumulation of phospholipids and glycerolipids occurred in tolerant cultivar. CONCLUSION The altered lipidome reported in this study suggest diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid mediated lipid signalling impacting phytosterol anabolism appears to be a strategy used by tolerant soybean cultivars to successfully limit infection and colonization by Phytophthora sojae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oludoyin Adeseun Adigun
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada.
| | - Thu Huong Pham
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad Nadeem
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Linda Elizabeth Jewell
- St. John's Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 204 Brookfield Road, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1E 6J5, Canada
| | - Lakshman Galagedara
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Raymond Thomas
- Department of Biology/Biotron Climate Change Experimental Research Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Mu S, Yue H, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Chen P. A mutation in CsDWF7 gene encoding a delta7 sterol C-5(6) desaturase leads to the phenotype of super compact in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:20. [PMID: 38221593 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A novel super compact mutant, scp-3, was identified using map-based cloning in cucumber. The CsDWF7 gene encoding a delta7 sterol C-5(6) desaturase was the candidate gene of scp-3. Mining dwarf genes is important in understanding stem growth in crops. However, only a small number of dwarf genes have been cloned or characterized. Here, we characterized a cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) dwarf mutant, super compact 3 (scp-3), which displays shortened internodes and dark green leaves with a wrinkled appearance. The photosynthetic rate of scp-3 is significantly lower than that of the wild type. The dwarf phenotype of scp-3 mutant can be partially rescued by the exogenous brassinolide (BL) application, and the endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) levels in the scp-3 mutant were significantly lower compared to the wild type. Microscopic examination revealed that the reduced internode length in scp-3 resulted from a decrease in cell size. Genetic analysis showed that the dwarf phenotype of scp-3 was controlled by a single recessive gene. Combined with bulked segregant analysis and map-based cloning strategy, we delimited scp-3 locus into an 82.5 kb region harboring five putative genes, but only one non-synonymous mutation (A to T) was discovered between the mutant and its wild type in this region. This mutation occurred within the second exon of the CsGy4G017510 gene, leading to an amino acid alteration from Leu156 to His156. This gene encodes the CsDWF7 protein, an analog of the Arabidopsis DWF7 protein, which is known to be involved in the biosynthesis of BRs. The CsDWF7 protein was targeted to the cell membrane. In comparison to the wild type, scp-3 exhibited reduced CsDWF7 expression in different tissues. These findings imply that CsDWF7 is essential for both BR biosynthesis as well as growth and development of cucumber plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zichen Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunxiao Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyu Mu
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongzhong Yue
- Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yanjie Luo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakayasu M, Takamatsu K, Kanai K, Masuda S, Yamazaki S, Aoki Y, Shibata A, Suda W, Shirasu K, Yazaki K, Sugiyama A. Tomato root-associated Sphingobium harbors genes for catabolizing toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids. mBio 2023; 14:e0059923. [PMID: 37772873 PMCID: PMC10653915 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00599-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Saponins are a group of plant specialized metabolites with various bioactive properties, both for human health and soil microorganisms. Our previous works demonstrated that Sphingobium is enriched in both soils treated with a steroid-type saponin, such as tomatine, and in the tomato rhizosphere. Despite the importance of saponins in plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere, the genes involved in the catabolism of saponins and their aglycones (sapogenins) remain largely unknown. Here we identified several enzymes that catalyzed the degradation of steroid-type saponins in a Sphingobium isolate from tomato roots, RC1. A comparative genomic analysis of Sphingobium revealed the limited distribution of genes for saponin degradation in our saponin-degrading isolates and several other isolates, suggesting the possible involvement of the saponin degradation pathway in the root colonization of Sphingobium spp. The genes that participate in the catabolism of sapogenins could be applied to the development of new industrially valuable sapogenin molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakayasu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takamatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Kanai
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Masuda
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamazaki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aoki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Arisa Shibata
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ko J, Ryu JE, Noh SW, Choi HK. Melatonin Treatment Enhances the Growth and Productivity of Useful Metabolites in the In Vitro Culture of Spirodela polyrhiza. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1748-1757. [PMID: 36647270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spirodela polyrhiza (Araceae family) is a duckweed species that serves as a potential resource for feed, food, bioremediation, and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we assessed the effects of different concentrations of melatonin (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM) on the growth of S. polyrhiza during in vitro culture and the metabolic profiles and productivities of useful metabolites using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with multivariable statistical analysis. We found that exogenous melatonin significantly improved the total dry weight and altered the metabolic profiles of S. polyrhiza cultures. Melatonin significantly enhanced the cellular production of useful metabolites, such as γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, threonine, valine, and phytosterols. The volumetric productivities (mg/L) of γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, campesterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol were the highest in the presence of 10 μM melatonin on day 12. Moreover, the productivities of ascorbic acid and serotonin were the highest in the presence of 1 μM melatonin on day 12. Therefore, melatonin could be used to enhance the production of biomass and useful metabolites during large-scale S. polyrhiza cultivation in cosmetic, food/feed, and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JuHee Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Wook Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song H, Cong Z, Wang C, He M, Liu C, Gao P. Research progress on Walnut oil: Bioactive compounds, health benefits, extraction methods, and medicinal uses. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14504. [PMID: 36369998 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Walnut oil is extracted from walnut kernels (Juglans regia Linne) or iron walnut kernels (Juhlans sigillata Dode). The percentage of oil in walnuts is 52%-70%. The main constituents in oil are fatty acids, phenols, sterols, squalene, melatonin, vitamins, and minerals. Many extraction methods such as supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, maceration, modified "bligh and dyer extraction," aqueous enzymatic extraction, ultrasonic extraction, soxhlet extraction, and cold-press extraction methods are reported in the literature. Walnut oil showed anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic activities. The reported data in the literature suggest that walnut oil has many health benefits. This review summarizes the extraction methods, bioactive constituents, health benefits, and pharmacological actions of walnut oil. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Walnut oil is a natural vegetable oil of significant importance due to their nutritional, and intelligence-boosting benefits. Several factors, including the processing parameters and the phytochemical profile, affect walnut oil products' flavor and color. In addition, storage environment of walnut oil can also affect walnut oil quality. Apart from the predominant ingredient fatty acids, the chemical composition of walnut oil comprises phenols, sterols, squalene, melatonin, vitamins, and minerals. These bioactive compounds are of potential value owing to their health-promoting benefits, including antioxidant, antitumor, and cholesterol-lowering effects. Many chemical constituents were isolated from walnut oil; however, all the compounds are not explored for their possible medicinal value. Thus, clinical studies, exploration of the therapeutic potential and the molecular mechanisms of all the compounds, and development of convenient dosage forms either for therapeutic or functional food purposes are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhufeng Cong
- Shandong Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Jinan, China
| | - Changlin Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mengyuan He
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Congying Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Burciaga-Monge A, López-Tubau JM, Laibach N, Deng C, Ferrer A, Altabella T. Effects of impaired steryl ester biosynthesis on tomato growth and developmental processes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984100. [PMID: 36247562 PMCID: PMC9557751 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Steryl esters (SE) are stored in cytoplasmic lipid droplets and serve as a reservoir of sterols that helps to maintain free sterols (FS) homeostasis in cell membranes throughout plant growth and development, and provides the FS needed to meet the high demand of these key plasma membrane components during rapid plant organ growth and expansion. SE are also involved in the recycling of sterols and fatty acids released from membranes during plant tissues senescence. SE are synthesized by sterol acyltransferases, which catalyze the transfer of long-chain fatty acid groups to the hydroxyl group at C3 position of FS. Depending on the donor substrate, these enzymes are called acyl-CoA:sterol acyltransferases (ASAT), when the substrate is a long-chain acyl-CoA, and phospholipid:sterol acyltransferases (PSAT), which use a phospholipid as a donor substrate. We have recently identified and preliminary characterized the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) SlASAT1 and SlPSAT1 enzymes. To gain further insight into the biological role of these enzymes and SE biosynthesis in tomato, we generated and characterized CRISPR/Cas9 single knock-out mutants lacking SlPSAT1 (slpsat1) and SlASAT1 (slasat1), as well as the double mutant slpsat1 x slasat1. Analysis of FS and SE profiles in seeds and leaves of the single and double mutants revealed a strong depletion of SE in slpsat1, that was even more pronounced in the slpsat1 x slasat1 mutant, while an increase of SE levels was observed in slasat1. Moreover, SlPSAT1 and SlASAT1 inactivation affected in different ways several important cellular and physiological processes, like leaf lipid bo1dies formation, seed germination speed, leaf senescence, and the plant size. Altogether, our results indicate that SlPSAT1 has a predominant role in tomato SE biosynthesis while SlASAT1 would mainly regulate the flux of the sterol pathway. It is also worth to mention that some of the metabolic and physiological responses in the tomato mutants lacking functional SlPSAT1 or SlASAT1 are different from those previously reported in Arabidopsis, being remarkable the synergistic effect of SlASAT1 inactivation in the absence of a functional SlPSAT1 on the early germination and premature senescence phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Burciaga-Monge
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Manel López-Tubau
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalie Laibach
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cuiyun Deng
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Ferrer
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Altabella
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rozentsvet OA, Kotlova ER, Bogdanova ES, Nesterov VN, Senik SV, Shavarda AL. Balance of Δ 5-and Δ 7-sterols and stanols in halophytes in connection with salinity tolerance. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 198:113156. [PMID: 35248579 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sterols (STs) have a key role in regulating the fluidity and permeability of membranes in plants (phytosterols) that have wide structural diversity. We studied the effect of structural STs diversity on salt tolerance in halophytes. Specifically, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), including two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCxGC-MS), to assess the STs composition in leaves of 21 species of wild-growing halophytes from four families (Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Tamaricaceae) and three ecological groups (Euhalophytes (Eu), recretophytes (Re), salt excluders (Ex)). Fifteen molecular species of STs from three main groups, Δ5-, Δ7-and Δ0- STs (stanols), were detected. Plants of the genus Artemisia were characterized by a high content of stigmasterol (30-49% of the total STs), while β-sitosterol was the major compound in two Limonium spp., where it comprised 84-92% of the total STs. Species of Chenopodiaceae were able to accumulate both Δ5-and Δ7-STs and stanols. The content of the predominant Δ5-STs decreased in the order Ex → Re → Eu. Molecular species with a saturated steroid nucleus were identified in Eu and Re, suggesting their special salt-accumulating and salt-releasing functions. The structural analogues of stigmasterol, having a double bond C-22, were stigmasta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (spinasterol) and stigmast-22-en-3β-ol (Δ7--sitosterol). The ratio of Δ5-stigmasterol/Δ5-β-sitosterol increased in Ex plants, and spinasterol/Δ7--sitosterol and 22-stigmastenol/sitostanol increased in Eu plants. These data support the well-known role of stigmasterol and its isomers in plant responses to abiotic and biotic factors. The variability in STs types and their ratios suggested some involvement of the sterol membrane components in plant adaptation to growth conditions. The balance of Δ5-, Δ7-and stanols, as well as the accumulation of molecular analogues of stigmasterol, was suggested to be associated with salt tolerance of the plant species in this investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Rozentsvet
- Samara Federal Research Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Komzin Street 10, 445003, Togliatti, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina R Kotlova
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Popov Street 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Elena S Bogdanova
- Samara Federal Research Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Komzin Street 10, 445003, Togliatti, Russia
| | - Viktor N Nesterov
- Samara Federal Research Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Komzin Street 10, 445003, Togliatti, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Senik
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Popov Street 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Aleksey L Shavarda
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Popov Street 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Zhang M, Du P, Liu H, Zhang Z, Xu J, Qin L, Huang B, Zheng Z, Dong W, Zhang X, Han S. Transcriptome analysis of pod mutant reveals plant hormones are important regulators in controlling pod size in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). PeerJ 2022; 10:e12965. [PMID: 35251782 PMCID: PMC8893032 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pod size is an important yield-influencing trait in peanuts. It is affected by plant hormones and identifying the genes related to these hormones may contribute to pod-related trait improvements in peanut breeding programs. However, there is limited information on the molecular mechanisms of plant hormones that regulate pod size in peanuts. We identified a mutant with an extremely small pod (spm) from Yuanza 9102 (WT) by 60Co γ-radiation mutagenesis. The length and width of the natural mature pod in spm were only 71.34% and 73.36% of those in WT, respectively. We performed comparative analyses for morphological characteristics, anatomy, physiology, and global transcriptome between spm and WT pods. Samples were collected at 10, 20, and 30 days after peg elongation into the soil, representing stages S1, S2, and S3, respectively. The differences in pod size between WT and spm were seen at stage S1 and became even more striking at stages S2 and S3. The cell sizes of the pods were significantly smaller in spm than in WT at stages S1, S2, and S3. These results suggested that reduced cell size may be one of the important contributors for the small pod in spm. The contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and brassinosteroid (BR) were also significantly lower in spm pods than those in WT pods at all three stages. RNA-Seq analyses showed that 1,373, 8,053, and 3,358 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at stages S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Functional analyses revealed that a set of DEGs was related to plant hormone biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction pathway, and cell wall biosynthesis and metabolism. Furthermore, several hub genes associated with plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Our results revealed that IAA, GA, and BR may be important regulators in controlling pod size by regulating cell size in peanuts. This study provides helpful information for the understanding of the complex mechanisms of plant hormones in controlling pod size by regulating the cell size in peanuts and will facilitate the improvement of peanut breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Maoning Zhang
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei Du
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhang
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Qin
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingyan Huang
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhao Dong
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyou Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suoyi Han
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu Y, Suo J, Jiang G, Shen J, Cheng H, Lou H, Yu W, Wu J, Song L. The effect of ethylene on squalene and β-sitosterol biosynthesis and its key gene network analysis in Torreya grandis nuts during post-ripening process. Food Chem 2022; 368:130819. [PMID: 34411865 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Squalene and β-sitosterol are health-benefit compounds due to their nutritional and medicinal properties. It has been reported that the content of these bioactive compounds is relatively high in Torreya grandis nuts. However, it is not yet known what changes in squalene and β-sitosterol accumulation occur during the special post-ripening process of T. grandis nuts and the effect of the well-known ripening hormone ethylene on the regulatory mechanism of their biosynthetic pathways. Thus, we performed transcriptome and metabolite analyses. The results showed that ethylene not only promoted the post-ripening process but also enhanced the accumulation of squalene by inducing gene expression in the mevalonate pathway. At the same time, ethylene treatment also promoted the accumulation of other sterols but inhibited gene expression in the β-sitosterol biosynthesis pathway. In addition, co-expression and correlation analysis suggested a framework for the transcriptional regulation of squalene and β-sitosterol biosynthesis genes under ethylene treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jinwei Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Guoxiang Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jiayi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Heqiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Weiwu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lamine M, Gargouri M, Rahali FZ, Hamdi Z, Mliki A. Local Tunisian durum wheat landraces revisited and rediscovered through modern integrative GC–TOF-MS™-based lipidomic profiling and chemometric approaches. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-03958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Kehelpannala C, Rupasinghe T, Hennessy T, Bradley D, Ebert B, Roessner U. The state of the art in plant lipidomics. Mol Omics 2021; 17:894-910. [PMID: 34699583 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00196e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are a group of compounds with diverse structures that perform several important functions in plants. To unravel and better understand their in vivo functions, plant biologists have been using various lipidomic technologies including liquid-chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). However, there are still significant challenges in LC-MS based plant lipidomics, which need to be addressed. In this review, we provide an overview of the key developments in LC-MS based lipidomic approaches to detect and identify plant lipids with emphasis on areas that can be further improved. Given that the cellular lipidome is estimated to contain hundreds of thousands of lipids,1,2 many of the lipid structures remain to be discovered. Furthermore, the plant lipidome is considered to be significantly more complex compared to that of mammals. Recent technical developments in mass spectrometry have made the detection of novel lipids possible; hence, approaches that can be used for plant lipid discovery are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheka Kehelpannala
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | | | - Thomas Hennessy
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd, 679 Springvale Road, Mulgrave, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - David Bradley
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd, 679 Springvale Road, Mulgrave, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lu J, Luo M, Wang L, Li K, Yu Y, Yang W, Gong P, Gao H, Li Q, Zhao J, Wu L, Zhang M, Liu X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Kang J, Yu T, Li Z, Jiao Y, Wang H, He C. The Physalis floridana genome provides insights into the biochemical and morphological evolution of Physalis fruits. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:244. [PMID: 34795210 PMCID: PMC8602270 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of Physalis (Solanaceae) have a unique structure, a lantern-like fruiting calyx known as inflated calyx syndrome (ICS) or the Chinese lantern, and are rich in steroid-related compounds. However, the genetic variations underlying the origin of these characteristic traits and diversity in Physalis remain largely unknown. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome assembly of Physalis floridana (~1.40 Gb in size) with a contig N50 of ~4.87 Mb. Through evolutionary genomics and experimental approaches, we found that the loss of the SEP-like MADS-box gene MBP21 subclade is likely a key mutation that, together with the previously revealed mutation affecting floral MPF2 expression, might have contributed to the origination of ICS in Physaleae, suggesting that the origination of a morphological novelty may have resulted from an evolutionary scenario in which one mutation compensated for another deleterious mutation. Moreover, the significant expansion of squalene epoxidase genes is potentially associated with the natural variation of steroid-related compounds in Physalis fruits. The results reveal the importance of gene gains (duplication) and/or subsequent losses as genetic bases of the evolution of distinct fruit traits, and the data serve as a valuable resource for the evolutionary genetics and breeding of solanaceous crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Yu
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co, Ltd, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Weifei Yang
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co, Ltd, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Pichang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lanfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Mingshu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co, Ltd, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieyu Kang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongyuan Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co, Ltd, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Yuannian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Huizhong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chaoying He
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sterols and Triterpene Diols in Virgin Olive Oil: A Comprehensive Review on Their Properties and Significance, with a Special Emphasis on the Influence of Variety and Ripening Degree. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil is considered one of the most valuable vegetable oils and is highly appreciated by consumers for its specific and distinguishable taste and aroma, as well as its nutritional value. Sterols and triterpene diols are important carriers of bioactive properties of olive oil and are responsible for some of the beneficial effects of its consumption on human health, such as lowering serum LDL-cholesterol levels and significantly reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The concentration of total sterols and the proportions of particular sterols and triterpene diols are among the parameters used to verify and prove the authenticity of olive oil in accordance with the EU and other countries’ regulations. Finally, their composition has been shown to have high discrimination potential for ensuring traceability with respect to variety, geographical origin, harvest date, and other factors. For these reasons, the research on sterols and triterpene diols in olive oil is an ever-growing field of scientific interest with great practical importance. This review focuses on all the important aspects of sterols and triterpene diols in olive oil, from their chemical structure, biosynthesis, occurrence and role in plants, health benefits, and their use in official controls of olive oil purity and authenticity, to a conclusive survey on the recent findings about the effects of different factors of influence on their content and composition, with a detailed comparative analysis of studies that investigated the effects of the two most important factors, variety and ripening degree.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun H, Xu H, Li B, Shang Y, Wei M, Zhang S, Zhao C, Qin R, Cui F, Wu Y. The brassinosteroid biosynthesis gene, ZmD11, increases seed size and quality in rice and maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:281-293. [PMID: 33540331 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of plant steroid hormones that regulate many important agronomic traits. Studies on the functional mechanisms of BR-related genes in crop plants are necessary for the application of BRs in agriculture. In this study, ZmD11, an ortholog of rice DWARF11 (D11), and 42 other BR biosynthesis-related genes were identified in maize (Zea mays). Complementary experiments confirmed that ZmD11 completely rescued the abnormal panicle architecture and plant height of the rice cpb1 mutant. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that ZmD11-like proteins were found in other monocots and dicots, but not in lower plants and that alternative splicing variants of these homologues mainly exist in Triticeae crops. A subcellular localization analysis showed that ZmD11 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. The ZmD11 gene was predominantly expressed in young ears and seeds from 10 to 16 days after pollination, especially in the scutellar aleurone layer and pericarp. Furthermore, the constitutive expression of the ZmD11 gene significantly increased seed length, seed area, seed weight and both seed starch and protein contents in rice and maize. Our results suggest that ZmD11 is a key gene in the regulation of seed size and quality and that it has a potential application value in the molecular breeding of crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Huiyuan Xu
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Bei Li
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yangyang Shang
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Meixiang Wei
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Shanghui Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunhua Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Ran Qin
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Fa Cui
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Yantai, China.
| | - Yongzhen Wu
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, Yantai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
De Vriese K, Pollier J, Goossens A, Beeckman T, Vanneste S. Dissecting cholesterol and phytosterol biosynthesis via mutants and inhibitors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:241-253. [PMID: 32929492 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants stand out among eukaryotes due to the large variety of sterols and sterol derivatives that they can produce. These metabolites not only serve as critical determinants of membrane structures, but also act as signaling molecules, as growth-regulating hormones, or as modulators of enzyme activities. Therefore, it is critical to understand the wiring of the biosynthetic pathways by which plants generate these distinct sterols, to allow their manipulation and to dissect their precise physiological roles. Here, we review the complexity and variation of the biosynthetic routes of the most abundant phytosterols and cholesterol in the green lineage and how different enzymes in these pathways are conserved and diverged from humans, yeast, and even bacteria. Many enzymatic steps show a deep evolutionary conservation, while others are executed by completely different enzymes. This has important implications for the use and specificity of available human and yeast sterol biosynthesis inhibitors in plants, and argues for the development of plant-tailored inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kjell De Vriese
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang M, Li P, Ma Y, Nie X, Grebe M, Men S. Membrane Sterol Composition in Arabidopsis thaliana Affects Root Elongation via Auxin Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010437. [PMID: 33406774 PMCID: PMC7794993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant membrane sterol composition has been reported to affect growth and gravitropism via polar auxin transport and auxin signaling. However, as to whether sterols influence auxin biosynthesis has received little attention. Here, by using the sterol biosynthesis mutant cyclopropylsterol isomerase1-1 (cpi1-1) and sterol application, we reveal that cycloeucalenol, a CPI1 substrate, and sitosterol, an end-product of sterol biosynthesis, antagonistically affect auxin biosynthesis. The short root phenotype of cpi1-1 was associated with a markedly enhanced auxin response in the root tip. Both were neither suppressed by mutations in polar auxin transport (PAT) proteins nor by treatment with a PAT inhibitor and responded to an auxin signaling inhibitor. However, expression of several auxin biosynthesis genes TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1 (TAA1) was upregulated in cpi1-1. Functionally, TAA1 mutation reduced the auxin response in cpi1-1 and partially rescued its short root phenotype. In support of this genetic evidence, application of cycloeucalenol upregulated expression of the auxin responsive reporter DR5:GUS (β-glucuronidase) and of several auxin biosynthesis genes, while sitosterol repressed their expression. Hence, our combined genetic, pharmacological, and sterol application studies reveal a hitherto unexplored sterol-dependent modulation of auxin biosynthesis during Arabidopsis root elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China; (M.W.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (X.N.)
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China; (M.W.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (X.N.)
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China; (M.W.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (X.N.)
| | - Xiang Nie
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China; (M.W.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (X.N.)
| | - Markus Grebe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
| | - Shuzhen Men
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China; (M.W.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (X.N.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang X, Lin K, Li Y. Highlights to phytosterols accumulation and equilibrium in plants: Biosynthetic pathway and feedback regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:637-649. [PMID: 32858426 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are a group of sterols exclusive to plants and fungi, but are indispensable to humans because of their medicinal and nutritional values. However, current raw materials used for phytosterols extraction add to the cost and waste in the process. For higher sterols production, major attention is drawn to plant materials abundant in phytosterols and genetic modification. To provide an insight into phytosterols metabolism, the research progress on key enzymes involved in phytosterols biosynthesis and conversions were summarized. CAS, SSR2, SMT, DWF1 and CYP710A, the enzymes participating in the biosynthetic pathway, and PSAT, ASAT and SGT, the enzymes involved in the conversion of free sterols to conjugated ones, were reviewed. Specifically, SMT and CYP710A were emphasized for their function on modulating the percentage composition of different kinds of phytosterols. The thresholds of sterol equilibrium and the resultant phytosterols accumulation, which vary in plant species and contribute to plasma membrane remodeling under stresses, were also discussed. By retrospective analysis of the previous researches, we proposed a feedback mechanism regulating sterol equilibrium underlying sterols metabolism. From a strategic perspective, we regard salt tolerant plant as an alternative to present raw materials, which will attain higher phytosterols production in combination with gene-modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Kangqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu X, Zhang LN, Du JF, Zheng XY, Li HJ, Li P, Xin GZ, Jiang Y. Comparative analysis and natural evolution of squalene epoxidase in three Fritillaria species. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:705-718. [PMID: 32577984 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fritillariae Bulbus are the most commonly used antitussive and edible herbs in China. Based on UPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS, the validated MRM-based non-targeted quantitative method was applied to determinate the contents of 48 Fritillaria alkaloids (FAs) in three Fritillaria species (F. thunbergii Miq., F. unibracteata and F. ussuriensis). The RNA-Seq results showed that gene transcript levels have different expression patterns in three Fritillaria species. Based on transcriptome data, the full-length cDNA sequences of squalene epoxidase gene were cloned and characterized. Natural evolution of squalene epoxidase genes resulted in four mutations (C236R, M489L, G510A and K517R) in three Fritillaria species. Molecular docking analysis showed that the 236 residue is located inside the pocket and the binding center while other three residues are located on the surface of the protein. Functional verification indicated the mutations of SQE (C236R) could effectively increase the activity of SQE and obtain higher yield of 2,3-oxidosqualene in recombinant yeast. And the mutations of SQE (M489L and G510A), which increased the hydrophobicity of the protein surface, could also enhance the activity of SQE. This study provides major insights into the metabolites differentiation of FAs biosynthesis, and a firm foundation for the quality control and metabolic engineering of Fritillariae bulbus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Fa Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, China.
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yan Jiang
- Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Interspecific variation in Citrus species analyzed through phytochemicals and related bioactivities. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
26
|
Isha A, Yusof NA, Shaari K, Osman R, Abdullah SNA, Wong MY. Metabolites identification of oil palm roots infected with Ganoderma boninense using GC–MS-based metabolomics. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
27
|
Feng S, Belwal T, Li L, Limwachiranon J, Liu X, Luo Z. Phytosterols and their derivatives: Potential health‐promoting uses against lipid metabolism and associated diseases, mechanism, and safety issues. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1243-1267. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Feng
- College of Food Science and TechnologyZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light IndustryZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Jarukitt Limwachiranon
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingquan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food SciencesZhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Hangzhou 311300 People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing, National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Research InstituteZhejiang University Ningbo 315100 People's Republic of China
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Szeliga M, Ciura J, Tyrka M. Representational Difference Analysis of Transcripts Involved in Jervine Biosynthesis. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10060088. [PMID: 32575579 PMCID: PMC7344996 DOI: 10.3390/life10060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Veratrum-type steroidal alkaloids (VSA) are the major bioactive ingredients that strongly determine the pharmacological activities of Veratrum nigrum. Biosynthesis of VSA at the molecular and genetic levels is not well understood. Next-generation sequencing of representational difference analysis (RDA) products after elicitation and precursor feeding was applied to identify candidate genes involved in VSA biosynthesis. A total of 12,048 contigs with a median length of 280 bases were received in three RDA libraries obtained after application of methyl jasmonate, squalene and cholesterol. The comparative analysis of annotated sequences was effective in identifying candidate genes. GABAT2 transaminase and hydroxylases active at C-22, C-26, C-11, and C-16 positions in late stages of jervine biosynthesis were selected. Moreover, genes coding pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase and enzymes from the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases family (SDR) associated with the reduction reactions of the VSA biosynthesis process were proposed. The data collected contribute to better understanding of jervine biosynthesis and may accelerate implementation of biotechnological methods of VSA biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szeliga
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6 Ave, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.C.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Ciura
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6 Ave, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.C.); (M.T.)
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosław Tyrka
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6 Ave, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.C.); (M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhan X, Luo X, He J, Zhang C, Liao X, Xu X, Feng S, Yu C, Jiang Z, Meng Y, Shen C, Wang H, Lu J. Bioactive compounds induced in Physalis angulata L. by methyl-jasmonate: an investigation of compound accumulation patterns and biosynthesis-related candidate genes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:341-354. [PMID: 32227258 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We employed both metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to explore the accumulation patterns of physalins, flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in Physalis angulata and revealed the genes associated with the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds under methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Physalis angulata L. is an annual Solanaceae plant with a number of medicinally active compounds. Despite the potential pharmacological benefits of P. angulata, the scarce genomic information regarding this plant has limited the studies on the mechanisms of bioactive compound biosynthesis. To facilitate the basic understanding of the main chemical constituent biosynthesis pathways, we performed both metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to reveal the genes associated with the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds under methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Untargeted metabolome analysis showed that most physalins, flavonoids and chlorogenic acid were significantly upregulated. Targeted HPLC-MS/MS analysis confirmed variations in the contents of two important representative steroid derivatives (physalins B and G), total flavonoids, neochlorogenic acid, and chlorogenic acid between MeJA-treated plants and controls. Transcript levels of a few steroid biosynthesis-, flavonoid biosynthesis-, and chlorogenic acid biosynthesis-related genes were upregulated, providing a potential explanation for MeJA-induced active ingredient synthesis in P. angulata. Systematic correlation analysis identified a number of novel candidate genes associated with bioactive compound biosynthesis. These results may help to elucidate the regulatory mechanism underlying MeJA-induced active compound accumulation and provide several valuable candidate genes for further functional study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaori Zhan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xiujun Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Jinyu He
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Chengchao Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xinyue Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xinyun Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Shangguo Feng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Chunna Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Zhifang Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Yijun Meng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Huizhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
| | - Jiangjie Lu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gallo C, Landi S, d'Ippolito G, Nuzzo G, Manzo E, Sardo A, Fontana A. Diatoms synthesize sterols by inclusion of animal and fungal genes in the plant pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4204. [PMID: 32144288 PMCID: PMC7060231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are ubiquitous microalgae that have developed remarkable metabolic plasticity and gene diversification. Here we report the first elucidation of the complete biosynthesis of sterols in the lineage. The study has been carried out on the bloom-forming species Skeletonema marinoi and Cyclotella cryptica that synthesise an ensemble of sterols with chemotypes of animals (cholesterol and desmosterol), plants (dihydrobrassicasterol and 24-methylene cholesterol), algae (fucosterol) and marine invertebrates (clionasterol). In both species, sterols derive from mevalonate through cyclization of squalene to cycloartenol by cycloartenol synthase. The pathway anticipates synthesis of cholesterol by enzymes of the phytosterol route in plants, as recently reported in Solanaceae. Major divergences stem from reduction of Δ24(28) and Δ24(25) double bonds which, in diatoms, are apparently dependent on sterol reductases of fungi, algae and animals. Phylogenetic comparison revealed a good level of similarity between the sterol biosynthetic genes of S. marinoi and C. cryptica with those in the genomes of the other diatoms sequenced so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Gallo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Simone Landi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy.,Univeristy of Naples "Federico II", Department of Biology, Cupa Nuova Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy.
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Angela Sardo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy.,Stazione Zoologica "A. Dohrn", Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
A fast, sensitive, accurate and robust GC-FID and confirmatory GC-MS method, was developed to simultaneously determine squalene and underivatized free plant sterols in Citrus essential oils (cEOs). The method was applied to assess the content of squalene and free plant sterols in four most commonly employed cold-pressed cEOs (bergamot, lemon, mandarin and orange). cEOs plant sterols exhibited distinctive molecular patterns, with levels ranging from 182 to 1100 mg kg-1 in lemon and bergamot essential oils, respectively. β-sitosterol was the dominant compound in all cases, with an average content of ∼650 mg kg-1 in bergamot and orange essential oils. Campesterol and brassicasterol occurred at much lower amount in all samples. Bergamot essential oil was also the richest in squalene (537 mg kg-1) compared to the other cEOs. The method developed could contribute to define compositional patterns of cEOs, thus supporting their versatile utilisation in the food and flavour industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Siano
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Domenico Cautela
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA) - Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Inês C, Corbacho J, Paredes MA, Labrador J, Cordeiro AM, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Regulation of sterol content and biosynthetic gene expression during flower opening and early fruit development in olive. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:526-539. [PMID: 30912149 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are lipophilic membrane components essential not only for diverse cellular functions but also are biosynthetic precursors of the plant hormone, brassinosteroid (BR). However, the interaction between phytosterol and BR during early fleshy-fruit growth remains largely uncharacterized. In olive, phytosterols are important lipids because they affect oil quality, but phytosterol composition during flowering and early fruit development has not been explored. Here, we first investigated the temporal changes in phytosterol composition, and biosynthetic gene expression that occurred during olive flower opening and early fruit growth. Next, we analyzed the interrelationship between phytosterol and BR, whose levels we manipulated through the application of exogenous BRs (24-epibrassinolide, EBR) or a BR biosynthesis inhibitor (brassinazole, Brz). In this report, the profiling of phytosterol measurement revealed that β-sitosterol is the most abundant in olive reproductive organs. Our data demonstrate that both OeCYP51 and OeSMT2 genes are upregulated during floral anthesis in good agreement with the rise in cholesterol and β-sitosterol contents in olive flower. By contrast, the OeCYP51 and OeSMT2 genes displayed different expression patterns during early olive-fruit development. Furthermore, our data show that exogenous EBR enhanced the early olive-fruit growth, as well as the OeSMT2 transcript and β-sitosterol levels, but decreased the OeCYP51 transcript, squalene, campesterol and cholesterol levels, whereas the Brz treatment exerted the opposite effect. Overall, our findings indicate an up-regulation of β-sitosterol biosynthesis by BR at the transcriptional level during early olive-fruit growth, providing a valuable tool to unravel the physiological function of SMT2 in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Inês
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Jorge Corbacho
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Miguel A Paredes
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Juana Labrador
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - António M Cordeiro
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., UEIS Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Elvas, 7351-901, Portugal
| | - Maria C Gomez-Jimenez
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Elkeilsh A, Awad YM, Soliman MH, Abu-Elsaoud A, Abdelhamid MT, El-Metwally IM. Exogenous application of β-sitosterol mediated growth and yield improvement in water-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum) involves up-regulated antioxidant system. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:881-901. [PMID: 31606785 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Water stress reduces crop production significantly, and climate change has further aggravated the problem mainly in arid and semi-arid regions. This was the first study on the possible effects of β-sitosterol application in ameliorating the deleterious changes in wheat induced by water stress under field condition and drip irrigation regimes. A field experiment with the split-plot design was conducted, and wheat plants were foliar sprayed with four β-sitosterol (BBS) concentrations (0, 25, 75, and 100 mg L-1) and two irrigation regimes [50 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)]. Water stress without BBS treatment reduced biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, and photosynthetic efficiency significantly by 28.9%, 42.8%, 19.6%, and 20.5% compared with the well-watered plants, respectively. Proline content increased in water-stressed and BSS-treated plants, owing to a significant role in cellular osmotic adjustment. Application of BSS was effective in reducing the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hence the malondialdehyde content significantly in water-stressed and well-watered wheat plants. Application of BSS up-regulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD, and APX) significantly and increased the content of tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and carotene thereby reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species. The increased antioxidant system in BSS treated plants was further supported by the expression level of SOD and dehydrin genes in both water-stressed and well-watered plants. In the present study, the application of BBS at 100 mg L-1 was beneficial and can be recommended for improving the growth and yield of the wheat crop under water stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Elkeilsh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Awad
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mona H Soliman
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | | | - Magdi T Abdelhamid
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, 33 Al Behoos Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Metwally
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, 33 Al Behoos Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Moazzami Farida SH, Radjabian T. Phytosterols in Salvia Seeds: Content and Composition and Correlation with Environmental Parameters. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSACTION A-SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-019-00721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
35
|
Niu Q, Tan K, Zang Z, Xiao Z, Chen K, Hu M, Luo M. Modification of phytosterol composition influences cotton fiber cell elongation and secondary cell wall deposition. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:208. [PMID: 31109298 PMCID: PMC6528235 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton fiber is a single cell that arises from the epidermis of ovule. It is not only a main economic product of cotton, but an ideal material for studying on the growth and development of plant cell. Our previous study indicated that phytosterol content and the ratio of campesterol to sitosterol fluctuated regularly in cotton fiber development. However, what effects of modified phytosterol content and composition on the growth and development of cotton fiber cell is unknown. In this study, we overexpressed the GhSMT2-1, a cotton homologue of sterol C-24 methyltransferase 2 gene in transgenic upland cotton plants to modify phytosterol content and composition in fiber cells and investigated the changes on fiber elongation and secondary cell wall deposition. RESULTS GhSMT2-1 overexpression led to changes of phytosterol content and the ratio of campesterol to sitosterol in fiber cell. At the rapid elongation stage of fiber cell, total phytosterol and sitosterol contents were increased while campesterol content was decreased in transgenic fibers when compared to control fibers. Accordingly, the ratio of campesterol to sitosterol declined strikingly. Simultaneously, the transgenic fibers were shorter and thicker than control fibers. Exogenous application of sitosterol or campesterol separately inhibited control fiber cell elongation in cotton ovule culture system in vitro. In addition, campesterol treatment partially rescued transgenic fiber elongation. CONCLUSION These results elucidated that modification of phytosterol content and composition influenced fiber cell elongation and secondary cell wall formation. High sitosterol or low ratio of campesterol to sitosterol suppresses fiber elongation and/or promote secondary cell wall deposition. The roles of sitosterol and campesterol were discussed in fiber cell development. There might be a specific ratio of campesterol to sitosterol in different developmental stage of cotton fibers, in which GhSMT2-1 play an important role. Our study, at a certain degree, provides novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of fiber cell development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenle Zang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang Z, Yang L, Liu C, Qin X, Liu H, Chen J, Ji Y. Transcriptome analyses of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, Ypsilandra thibetica, and Polygonatum kingianum characterize their steroidal saponin biosynthesis pathway. Fitoterapia 2019; 135:52-63. [PMID: 30999023 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins, one of the most diverse groups of plant-derived natural products, elicit biological and pharmacological activities; however, the genes involved in their biosynthesis and the corresponding biosynthetic pathway in monocotyledon plants remain unclear. This study aimed to identify genes involved in the biosynthesis of steroidal saponins by performing a comparative analysis among transcriptomes of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (PPC), Ypsilandra thibetica (YT), and Polygonatum kingianum (PK). De novo transcriptome assemblies generated 57,537, 140,420, and 151,773 unigenes from PPC, YT, and PK, respectively, of which 56.54, 47.81, and 44.30% were successfully annotated, respectively. Among the transcriptomes for PPC, YT, and PK, we identified 194, 169, and 131; 17, 14, and 26; and, 80, 122, and 113 unigenes corresponding to terpenoid backbone biosynthesis; sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis; and, steroid biosynthesis pathways, respectively. These genes are putatively involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol that is the primary precursor of steroidal saponins. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that lanosterol synthase may be exclusive to dicotyledon plant species, and the cytochrome P450 unigenes were closely related to clusters CYP90B1 and CYP734A1, which are UDP-glycosyltransferases unigenes homologous with the UGT73 family. Thus, unigenes of β-glucosidase may be candidate genes for catalysis of later period modifications of the steroidal saponin skeleton. Our data provide evidence to support the hypothesis that monocotyledons biosynthesize steroidal saponins from cholesterol via the cycloartenol pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Population, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China; School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Changkun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Population, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xujie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Yunheng Ji
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Population, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nahirñak V, Rivarola M, Almasia NI, Barrios Barón MP, Hopp HE, Vile D, Paniego N, Vazquez Rovere C. Snakin-1 affects reactive oxygen species and ascorbic acid levels and hormone balance in potato. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214165. [PMID: 30909287 PMCID: PMC6433472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakin-1 is a member of the Solanum tuberosum Snakin/GASA family. We previously demonstrated that Snakin-1 is involved in plant defense to pathogens as well as in plant growth and development, but its mechanism of action has not been completely elucidated yet. Here, we showed that leaves of Snakin-1 silenced potato transgenic plants exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species and significantly reduced content of ascorbic acid. Furthermore, Snakin-1 silencing enhanced salicylic acid content in accordance with an increased expression of SA-inducible PRs genes. Interestingly, gibberellic acid levels were also enhanced and transcriptome analysis revealed that a large number of genes related to sterol biosynthesis were downregulated in these silenced lines. Moreover, we demonstrated that Snakin-1 directly interacts with StDIM/DWF1, an enzyme involved in plant sterols biosynthesis. Additionally, the analysis of the expression pattern of PStSN1::GUS in potato showed that Snakin-1 is present mainly in young tissues associated with active growth and cell division zones. Our comprehensive analysis of Snakin-1 silenced lines demonstrated for the first time in potato that Snakin-1 plays a role in redox balance and participates in a complex crosstalk among different hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Nahirñak
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, CNIA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Máximo Rivarola
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, CNIA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Inés Almasia
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, CNIA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Horacio Esteban Hopp
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, CNIA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Norma Paniego
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, CNIA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Vazquez Rovere
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, CNIA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- INTA LABINTEX Agropolis International, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Comparative analysis of proteomic and metabolomic profiles of different species of Paris. J Proteomics 2019; 200:11-27. [PMID: 30890455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An extract prepared from species of Paris is the most widely consumed herbal product in China. The genus Paris includes a variety of genotypes with different medicinal component contents but only two are defined as official sources. Closely related species have different medicinal properties because of differential expression of proteins and metabolites. To better understand the molecular basis of these differences, we examined proteomic and metabolomic changes in rhizomes of P. polyphylla var. chinensis, P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, and P. fargesii var. fargesii using a technique known as sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra as well as gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In total, 419 proteins showed significant abundance changes, and 33 metabolites could be used to discriminate Paris species. A complex analysis of proteomic and metabolomic data revealed a higher efficiency of sucrose utilization and an elevated protein abundance in the sugar metabolic pathway of P. polyphylla var. chinensis. The pyruvate content and efficiency of acetyl-CoA-utilization in saponin biosynthesis were also higher in P. polyphylla var. chinensis than in the other two species. The results expand our understanding of the proteome and metabolome of Paris and offer new insights into the species-specific traits of these herbaceous plants. SIGNIFICANCE: The traditional Chinese medicine Paris is the most widely consumed herbal product for the treatment of joint pain, rheumatoid arthritis and antineoplastic. All Paris species have roughly the same morphological characteristics; however, different members have different medicinal compound contents. Efficient exploitation of genetic diversity is a key factor in the development of rare medicinal plants with improved agronomic traits and malleability to challenging environmental conditions. Nevertheless, only a partial understanding of physiological and molecular mechanisms of different plants of Paris can be achieved without proteomics. To better understand the molecular basis of these differences and facilitate the use of other Paris species, we examine proteomic metabolomic changes in rhizomes of Paris using the technique known as SWATH-MS and GC/TOF-MS. Our research has provided information that can be used in other studies to compare metabolic traits in different Paris species. Our findings can also serve as a theoretical basis for the selection and cultivation of other Paris species with a higher medicinal value.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhou X, Chen X, Du Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Kong X, Thelen JJ, Chen C, Chen M. Terpenoid Esters Are the Major Constituents From Leaf Lipid Droplets of Camellia sinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:179. [PMID: 30863415 PMCID: PMC6399487 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) have been widely found from diverse species and exhibit diverse functions. It remains unexplored what potential roles they played in tea. To address this question, we analyzed the chemical composition and the dynamic changes of cytosolic LDs during leaf growth and diurnal cycle. Using TopFluor cholesterol and Nile Red staining we demonstrated that cytosolic LDs were heterogeneous in tea tree (Camellia sinensis cv. Tieguanyin); the size and number of LDs increased with leaf growth. Compositional analysis showed that terpenoid esters and diacylglycerol are the major components of cytosolic LDs. The contents of total sterol esters (SEs) and β-amyrin esters increased with leaf expansion and growth; individual SE also showed diurnal changes. Our data suggest that cytosolic LDs from tea tree leave mainly serve as storage site for free sterols and triterpenoids in the form of esters. Cytosolic LDs were not the major contributors to the aroma quality of made tea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant System Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- College of Horticulture and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant System Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenghua Du
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, China
| | - Jay J. Thelen
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Changsong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Changsong Chen, Mingjie Chen,
| | - Mingjie Chen
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Changsong Chen, Mingjie Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mamode Cassim A, Gouguet P, Gronnier J, Laurent N, Germain V, Grison M, Boutté Y, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Simon-Plas F, Mongrand S. Plant lipids: Key players of plasma membrane organization and function. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:1-27. [PMID: 30465788 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is the biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside. The PM is constituted of a huge diversity of proteins and lipids. In this review, we will update the diversity of molecular species of lipids found in plant PM. We will further discuss how lipids govern global properties of the plant PM, explaining that plant lipids are unevenly distributed and are able to organize PM in domains. From that observation, it emerges a complex picture showing a spatial and multiscale segregation of PM components. Finally, we will discuss how lipids are key players in the function of PM in plants, with a particular focus on plant-microbe interaction, transport and hormone signaling, abiotic stress responses, plasmodesmata function. The last chapter is dedicated to the methods that the plant membrane biology community needs to develop to get a comprehensive understanding of membrane organization in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adiilah Mamode Cassim
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Paul Gouguet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Julien Gronnier
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nelson Laurent
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Magali Grison
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France.
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Guan HY, Su P, Zhao YJ, Zhang XN, Dai ZB, Guo J, Tong YR, Liu YJ, Hu TY, Yin Y, Gao LH, Gao W, Huang LQ. Cloning and functional analysis of two sterol-C24-methyltransferase 1 (SMT1) genes from Paris polyphylla. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2018; 20:595-604. [PMID: 28276759 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1271791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathways of phytosterols and steroidal saponins are located in two adjacent branches which share cycloartenol as substrate. The rate-limiting enzyme S-adenosyl-L-methionine-sterol-C24-methyltransferase 1 (SMT1) facilitates the metabolic flux toward phytosterols. It catalyzes the methylation of the cycloartenol in the side chain of the C24-alkyl group, to generate 24(28)-methylene cycloartenol. In this study, we obtained two full-length sequences of SMT1 genes from Pari polyphylla, designated PpSMT1-1 and PpSMT1-2. The full-length cDNA of PpSMT1-1 was 1369 bp long with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1038 bp, while the PpSMT1-2 had a length of 1222 bp, with a 1005 bp ORF. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed that the two cloned SMTs belong to the SMT1 family. The predicted function was further validated by performing in vitro enzymatic reactions, and the results showed that PpSMT1-1 encodes a cycloartenol-C24-methyltransferase, which catalyzes the conversion of cycloartenol to 24-methylene cycloartenol, whereas PpSMT1-2 lacked this catalytic activity. The tissue expression patterns of the two SMTs revealed differential expression in different organs of Paris polyphylla plants of different developmental stage and age. These results lay the foundation for detailed genetic studies of the biosynthetic pathways of steroid compounds, which constitute the main class of active substances found in P. polyphylla.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Guan
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | - Ping Su
- b Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhao
- b Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Xia-Nan Zhang
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | - Zhu-Bo Dai
- c Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Juan Guo
- b Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Yu-Ru Tong
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | - Yu-Jia Liu
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | - Tian-Yuan Hu
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | - Yan Yin
- d School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Lin-Hui Gao
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | - Wei Gao
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- b Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhan X, Liao X, Luo X, Zhu Y, Feng S, Yu C, Lu J, Shen C, Wang H. Comparative Metabolomic and Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Regulation Mechanism Underlying MeJA-Induced Bioactive Compound Accumulation in Cutleaf Groundcherry ( Physalis angulata L.) Hairy Roots. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6336-6347. [PMID: 29874907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cutleaf groundcherry ( Physalis angulata L.) is an annual plant with a number of medicinal ingredients. However, studies about the secondary metabolism of P. angulata are very limited. An integrated metabolome and proteome approach was used to reveal the variations in the metabolism associated with bioactive compounds under methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Application of MeJA to the hairy roots could significantly increase the accumulation of most active ingredients. A targeted approach confirmed the variations in physalins D and H between MeJA treatment and the controls. Increases in the levels of a number of terpenoid backbone biosynthesis and steroid biosynthesis related enzymes, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and 3β-hydroxysterioid dehydrogenase might provide a potential explanation for the MeJA-induced active ingredient synthesis. Our results may contribute to a deeper understanding of the regulation mechanism underlying the MeJA-induced active compound accumulation in P. angulata.
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen M, Chen J, Luo N, Qu R, Guo Z, Lu S. Cholesterol accumulation by suppression of SMT1 leads to dwarfism and improved drought tolerance in herbaceous plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1417-1426. [PMID: 29465802 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dwarfism and drought tolerance are 2 valuable traits in breeding of many crops. In this study, we report the novel physiological roles of cholesterol in regulation of plant growth and drought tolerance. Compared with the wild type, sterol-C24-methyltransferase 1 (SMT1) gene transcript was greatly reduced in a bermudagrass mutant with dwarfism and enhanced drought tolerance, accompanied with cholesterol accumulation, elevated transcript levels of a small group of genes including SAMDC, and increased concentrations of putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm). Knock-down of OsSMT1 expression by RNA interference resulted in similar phenotypic changes in transgenic rice. Moreover, exogenously applied cholesterol also led to elevated transcripts of a similar set of genes, higher levels of Put, Spd, and Spm, improved drought tolerance, and reduced plant height in both bermudagrass and rice. We revealed that it is Spm, but not Spd, that is responsible for the height reduction in bermudagrass and rice. In conclusion, we suggest that cholesterol induces expression of SAMDC and leads to dwarfism and elevated drought tolerance in plants as a result of the promoted Spd and Spm synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Na Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rongda Qu
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7287, USA
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shaoyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhu JH, Li HL, Guo D, Wang Y, Dai HF, Mei WL, Peng SQ. Identification, characterization and expression analysis of genes involved in steroidal saponin biosynthesis in Dracaena cambodiana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:555-562. [PMID: 29234988 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-1004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dracaena cambodiana is a traditional medicinal plant used for producing dragon's blood. The plants and dragon's blood of D. cambodiana contain a rich variety of steroidal saponins. However, little is known about steroidal saponin biosynthesis and its regulation in D. cambodiana. Here, 122 genes encoding enzymes involved in steroidal saponin biosynthesis were identified based on transcriptome data, with 29 of them containing complete open reading frames (ORF). Transcript expression analysis revealed that several genes related to steroidal saponin biosynthesis showed distinct tissue-specific expression patterns; the expression levels of genes encoding the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and early modification of steroidal saponins were significantly down-regulated in the stems in response to the inducer of dragon's blood, exhibiting positive correlations with the content of steroidal saponins. These results provide insights on the steroidal saponins biosynthetic pathway and mechanisms underlying induced formation of dragon's blood in D. cambodiana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Shi-Qing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lung SC, Liao P, Yeung EC, Hsiao AS, Xue Y, Chye ML. Arabidopsis ACYL-COA-BINDING PROTEIN1 interacts with STEROL C4-METHYL OXIDASE1-2 to modulate gene expression of homeodomain-leucine zipper IV transcription factors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:183-200. [PMID: 29288621 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) and sterols constitute building blocks of eukaryotic membranes and lipid signals. Co-regulation of FA and sterol synthesis is mediated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in animals but remains elusive in plants. We reported recently that Arabidopsis ACYL-COA-BINDING PROTEIN1 (ACBP1) modulates sterol synthesis via protein-protein interaction with STEROL C4-METHYL OXIDASE1-1 (SMO1-1). Herein, ACBP1 was demonstrated to co-express and interact with SMO1-2 by yeast two-hybrid, co-localization, pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation and β-glucuronidase assays. SMO1-2 silenced in acbp1 was used in phenotyping, GC-MS and expression profiling. ACBP1 co-expressed with SMO1-2 in embryo sacs, pollen and trichomes, corroborating with cooperative tissue-specific functions unseen with SMO1-1. SMO1-2 silencing in acbp1 impaired seed development, male and female gamete transmission, and pollen function. Genes encoding homeodomain-leucine zipper IV transcription factors (HDG5, HDG10, HDG11 and GLABRA2), which potentially bind phospholipids/sterols, were transcribed aberrantly. GLABRA2 targets (MYB23, MUM4 and PLDα1) were misregulated, causing glabra2-resembling trichome, seed coat mucilage and oil-accumulating phenotypes. Together with altered sterol and FA compositions upon ACBP1 mutation and/or SMO1-2 silencing, ACBP1-SMO1 interaction appears to mediate homeostatic co-regulation of FAs and sterols, which serve as lipid modulators for gene expression of homeodomain-leucine zipper IV transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edward C Yeung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - An-Shan Hsiao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Xue
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wagatsuma T, Maejima E, Watanabe T, Toyomasu T, Kuroda M, Muranaka T, Ohyama K, Ishikawa A, Usui M, Hossain Khan S, Maruyama H, Tawaraya K, Kobayashi Y, Koyama H. Dark conditions enhance aluminum tolerance in several rice cultivars via multiple modulations of membrane sterols. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:567-577. [PMID: 29294038 PMCID: PMC5853495 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum-sensitive rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars showed increased Al tolerance under dark conditions, because less Al accumulated in the root tips (1 cm) under dark than under light conditions. Under dark conditions, the root tip concentration of total sterols, which generally reduce plasma membrane permeabilization, was higher in the most Al-sensitive japonica cultivar, Koshihikari (Ko), than in the most Al-tolerant cultivar, Rikuu-132 (R132), but the phospholipid content did not differ between the two. The Al treatment increased the proportion of stigmasterol (which has no ability to reduce membrane permeabilization) out of total sterols similarly in both cultivars under light conditions, but it decreased more in Ko under dark conditions. The carotenoid content in the root tip of Al-treated Ko was significantly lower under dark than under light conditions, indicating that isopentenyl diphosphate transport from the cytosol to plastids was decreased under dark conditions. HMG2 and HMG3 (encoding the key sterol biosynthetic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase) transcript levels in the root tips were enhanced under dark conditions. We suggest that the following mechanisms contribute to the increase in Al tolerance under dark conditions: inhibition of stigmasterol formation to retain membrane integrity; greater partitioning of isopentenyl diphosphate for sterol biosynthesis; and enhanced expression of HMGs to increase sterol biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Wagatsuma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Eriko Maejima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Masami Usui
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | | | - Hayato Maruyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lara JA, Burciaga-Monge A, Chávez A, Revés M, Lavilla R, Arró M, Boronat A, Altabella T, Ferrer A. Identification and Characterization of Sterol Acyltransferases Responsible for Steryl Ester Biosynthesis in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:588. [PMID: 29868054 PMCID: PMC5952233 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Steryl esters (SEs) serve as a storage pool of sterols that helps to maintain proper levels of free sterols (FSs) in cell membranes throughout plant growth and development, and participates in the recycling of FSs and fatty acids released from cell membranes in aging tissues. SEs are synthesized by sterol acyltransferases, a family of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of fatty acil groups to the hydroxyl group at C-3 position of the sterol backbone. Sterol acyltransferases are categorized into acyl-CoA:sterol acyltransferases (ASAT) and phospholipid:sterol acyltransferases (PSAT) depending on whether the fatty acyl donor substrate is a long-chain acyl-CoA or a phospolipid. Until now, only Arabidopsis ASAT and PSAT enzymes (AtASAT1 and AtPSAT1) have been cloned and characterized in plants. Here we report the identification, cloning, and functional characterization of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) orthologs. SlPSAT1 and SlASAT1 were able to restore SE to wild type levels in the Arabidopsis psat1-2 and asat1-1 knock-out mutants, respectively. Expression of SlPSAT1 in the psat1-2 background also prevented the toxicity caused by an external supply of mevalonate and the early senescence phenotype observed in detached leaves of this mutant, whereas expression of SlASAT1 in the asat1-1 mutant revealed a clear substrate preference of the tomato enzyme for the sterol precursors cycloartenol and 24-methylene cycloartanol. Subcellular localization studies using fluorescently tagged SlPSAT1 and SlASAT1 proteins revealed that SlPSAT1 localize in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) while, in contrast to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization of AtASAT1, SlASAT1 resides in the plasma membrane (PM). The possibility that PM-localized SlASAT1 may act catalytically in trans on their sterol substrates, which are presumably embedded in the ER membrane, is discussed. The widespread expression of SlPSAT1 and SlASAT1 genes in different tomato organs together with their moderate transcriptional response to several stresses suggests a dual role of SlPSAT1 and SlASAT1 in tomato plant and fruit development and the adaptive responses to stress. Overall, this study contributes to enlarge the current knowledge on plant sterol acyltransferases and set the basis for further studies aimed at understanding the role of SE metabolism in tomato plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Lara
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Present address: Juan A. Lara, School of Agritechnological Sciences (Extensión Cuauhtémoc), Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Alma Burciaga-Monge
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Angel Chávez
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marc Revés
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine University of Barcelona, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine University of Barcelona, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monserrat Arró
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Boronat
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Altabella
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Biology, Healthcare, and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Teresa Altabella, Albert Ferrer,
| | - Albert Ferrer
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Teresa Altabella, Albert Ferrer,
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rotsch AH, Kopka J, Feussner I, Ischebeck T. Central metabolite and sterol profiling divides tobacco male gametophyte development and pollen tube growth into eight metabolic phases. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:129-146. [PMID: 28685881 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
While changes in the transcriptome and proteome of developing pollen have been investigated in tobacco and other species, the metabolic consequences remain rather unclear. Here, a broad range of metabolites was investigated in close succession of developmental stages. Thirteen stages of tobacco male gametophyte development were collected, ranging from tetrads to pollen tubes. Subsequently, the central metabolome and sterol composition were analyzed by GC-mass spectrometry (MS), monitoring 77 metabolites and 29 non-identified analytes. The overall results showed that development and tube growth could be divided into eight metabolic phases with the phase including mitosis I being most distinct. During maturation, compounds such as sucrose and proline accumulated. These were degraded after rehydration, while γ-aminobutyrate transiently increased, possibly deriving from proline breakdown. Sterol analysis revealed that tetrads harbor similar sterols as leaves, but throughout maturation unusual sterols increased. Lastly, two further sterols exclusively accumulated in pollen tubes. This study allows a deeper look into metabolic changes during the development of a quasi-single cell type. Metabolites accumulating during maturation might accelerate pollen germination and tube growth, protect from desiccation, and feed pollinators. Future studies of the underlying processes orchestrating the changes in metabolite levels might give valuable insights into cellular regulation of plant metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Rotsch
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ferrer A, Altabella T, Arró M, Boronat A. Emerging roles for conjugated sterols in plants. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 67:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
50
|
Navarro Gallón SM, Elejalde-Palmett C, Daudu D, Liesecke F, Jullien F, Papon N, Dugé de Bernonville T, Courdavault V, Lanoue A, Oudin A, Glévarec G, Pichon O, Clastre M, St-Pierre B, Atehortùa L, Yoshikawa N, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Besseau S. Virus-induced gene silencing of the two squalene synthase isoforms of apple tree (Malus × domestica L.) negatively impacts phytosterol biosynthesis, plastid pigmentation and leaf growth. PLANTA 2017; 246:45-60. [PMID: 28349256 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of a VIGS approach to silence the newly characterized apple tree SQS isoforms points out the biological function of phytosterols in plastid pigmentation and leaf development. Triterpenoids are beneficial health compounds highly accumulated in apple; however, their metabolic regulation is poorly understood. Squalene synthase (SQS) is a key branch point enzyme involved in both phytosterol and triterpene biosynthesis. In this study, two SQS isoforms were identified in apple tree genome. Both isoforms are located at the endoplasmic reticulum surface and were demonstrated to be functional SQS enzymes using an in vitro activity assay. MdSQS1 and MdSQS2 display specificities in their expression profiles with respect to plant organs and environmental constraints. This indicates a possible preferential involvement of each isoform in phytosterol and/or triterpene metabolic pathways as further argued using RNAseq meta-transcriptomic analyses. Finally, a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach was used to silence MdSQS1 and MdSQS2. The concomitant down-regulation of both MdSQS isoforms strongly affected phytosterol synthesis without alteration in triterpene accumulation, since triterpene-specific oxidosqualene synthases were found to be up-regulated to compensate metabolic flux reduction. Phytosterol deficiencies in silenced plants clearly disturbed chloroplast pigmentation and led to abnormal development impacting leaf division rather than elongation or differentiation. In conclusion, beyond the characterization of two SQS isoforms in apple tree, this work brings clues for a specific involvement of each isoform in phytosterol and triterpene pathways and emphasizes the biological function of phytosterols in development and chloroplast integrity. Our report also opens the door to metabolism studies in Malus domestica using the apple latent spherical virus-based VIGS method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Navarro Gallón
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologıa, Sede de Investigacion Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Carolina Elejalde-Palmett
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Dimitri Daudu
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Franziska Liesecke
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Jullien
- EA3061 Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales appliquées aux plantes aromatiques et médicinales, Université Jean Monnet de Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Gaëlle Glévarec
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Olivier Pichon
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lucia Atehortùa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologıa, Sede de Investigacion Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | | | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|