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Nagayama D, Krakauer JC, Krakauer NY, Sugiura T, Watanabe Y, Shimizu K, Saiki A, Suzuki K, Fujishiro K, Shirai K. Cumulative Cigarette Consumption is Associated with Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) Mediated by Abdominal Obesity Assessed by A Body Shape Index (ABSI): A Cross-Sectional Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:1870-1881. [PMID: 37197950 DOI: 10.5551/jat.64221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the mechanism by which cigarette smoking causes vascular damage, we examined the relationship between cumulative cigarette consumption and abdominal obesity, and the possible mediating effect of smoking on arterial stiffness. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 19499 never smokers and 5406 current smokers receiving health screening was analyzed. Abdominal obesity was assessed by ABSI, and arterial stiffness by CAVI. High CAVI was defined as CAVI ≥ 9.0. RESULTS Current smoker showed higher ABSI than never smokers after propensity score matching. Cumulative cigarette consumption expressed in pack-years correlated with ABSI (Rs: 0.312 in men, 0.252 in women), and was also extracted as an independent factor associated with ABSI by multiple regression analysis. A linear relationship between pack-year and CAVI was observed (Rs: 0.544 in men, 0.423 in women). Pack-year had almost equal discriminatory power in predicting high CAVI in both sexes (C-statistic: 0.774 in men, 0.747 in women), and the best cut-offs of pack-year for high CAVI were 24.5 in men and 14.7 in women. Bivariate logistic regression models revealed that the association between pack-year higher than cut-off and high CAVI was independent of traditional risks. A mediating effect of ABSI (mediation rate: 9.9% in men and 11.2% in women), but not waist circumference (WC), on the association of pack-year with CAVI was observed, after adjusting for traditional risks. CONCLUSION Cumulative cigarette smoking in pack-years was independently associated with ABSI. ABSI partially mediates the association between pack-year and CAVI, suggesting that abdominal obesity partially mediates smoking-related vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Nagayama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagayama Clinic
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center
| | | | - Nir Y Krakauer
- Department of Civil Engineering, City College of New York
| | | | - Yasuhiro Watanabe
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center
| | - Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center
| | - Atsuhito Saiki
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Research and Development Division, Japan Health Promotion Foundation
| | - Kentaro Fujishiro
- Research and Development Division, Japan Health Promotion Foundation
| | - Kohji Shirai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mihama Hospital
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Huang C, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu JX, Hu YM, Tang WW, Wang TD, Huang XB. Prevalence and related factors of abdominal obesity among urban adults aged 35 to 79 years in southwest China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1117897. [PMID: 38026354 PMCID: PMC10663276 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1117897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and related factors of abdominal obesity among urban adults aged 35 to 79 years in southwest China. Methods From September 2013 to March 2014, a multi-stage sampling was conducted, and a total of 10,981 people aged 35-79 years living in Chengdu and Chongqing were included. More than 30 investigators were trained in data collection, including questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and blood biomarkers testing. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 85 cm for women. Results The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 30.7%, 24.8% in males and 33.9% in females (p < 0.001). The prevalence of abdominal obesity increased with BMI. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was positively correlated with age, sex, marriage, alcohol consumption, hypertension and diabetes, and negatively correlated with high education level, smoking and Physical activity. Conclusion The prevalence of abdominal obesity among adults aged 35-79 in urban communities in southwest China is high, which is close to that of adults in urban communities in China. We should strengthen health education among the population, adopt healthy diet, maintain moderate physical activity and other measures to curb the prevalence of abdominal obesity in urban communities in southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-Mei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Tang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tzung-Dau Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, China
| | - Xiao-bo Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Obesity-Related Factors in Adult Women with Early Menarche. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040557. [PMID: 36833092 PMCID: PMC9957266 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The average menarche age among South Korean women has decreased over time. Early menarche in women causes a higher incidence of obesity owing to the continuous fat accumulation induced by prolonged exposure to estrogen and adrenal steroids. Identifying the factors affecting obesity in women who experience early menarche is essential for managing obesity in adult women. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with obesity in adult women who experienced early menarche and to provide basic data for obesity management. This study was a cross-sectional and descriptive survey from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination. A total of 371 women aged ≥ 19 years experienced early menarche, and the propensity matching method was used to analyze the obesity-related factors identified in previous studies. The results showed that obesity in adult women with early menarche was negatively associated with the level of aerobic exercise (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.30-0.93, p = 0.028) and muscle-strengthening exercise (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.17-0.64, p = 0.001). Future longitudinal studies on girls who experience early menarche are needed to address female obesity prevention at every stage of life, and, based on these findings, obesity management programs can be developed and applied and their effectiveness determined.
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Rinkūnienė E, Petrulionytė E, Dženkevičiūtė V, Petrulionienė Ž, Senulytė A, Puronaitė R, Laucevičius A. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged Lithuanian women in different body mass index and waist circumference groups. Prim Care Diabetes 2023; 17:27-32. [PMID: 36528550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged Lithuanian women in different body mass index and waist circumference groups. METHODS AND RESULTS Data selected from the Lithuanian High Cardiovascular Risk (LitHiR) primary prevention program between 2009 and 2016. This community-based cross-sectional study comprised 53,961 women aged 50-64 years old. We compared the prevalence of arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and metabolic syndrome in different body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) groups. The most prevalent cardiometabolic risk factor was dyslipidaemia (91.71%, n = 49,488). The prevalence of arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome was greater in those with higher-than-normal BMI and WC. Smoking was the most prevalent in women with low BMI and normal WC (24.00% and 13.17% respectively). CONCLUSION The analysis showed that all risk factors, except smoking, were significantly more prevalent in women with higher-than-normal BMI and with increased WC or abdominal obesity. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was surprisingly high in all BMI and WC groups. Obesity measured by WC was more strongly associated with an adverse metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roma Puronaitė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; State research institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Aleksandras Laucevičius
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; State research institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Rinkūnienė E, Petrulionytė E, Dženkevičiūtė V, Petrulionienė Ž, Senulytė A, Puronaitė R, Laucevičius A. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle-Aged Lithuanian Men Based on Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference Group Results from the 2006-2016 Lithuanian High Cardiovascular Risk Prevention Program. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58121718. [PMID: 36556920 PMCID: PMC9785174 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged Lithuanian men categorized according to body mass index and waist circumference results. Methods and results: The data were from the Lithuanian High Cardiovascular Risk primary prevention program between 2009 and 2016. This community-based cross-sectional study comprised 38,412 men aged 40 to 54 years old. We compared the prevalence of arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and metabolic syndrome in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) groups. Regarding the allometric anthropometrics for WC, A Body Shape Indices (ABSIs) were analyzed with respect to mortality risk and smoking status. The most prevalent risk factor in men was dyslipidaemia, followed by arterial hypertension and smoking (86.96%, 47.94%, and 40.52%, respectively). All risk factors except for smoking were more prevalent in men with overweight or obesity as measured by BMI compared to men with normal weight. Similarly, smoking was the only cardiovascular risk factor that was more prevalent among subjects with normal WC compared to those with increased WC or abdominal obesity. Elevated ABSI, which is associated with higher mortality risk, was more prevalent in smokers. Conclusion: The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor among middle-aged Lithuanian men was dyslipidaemia, with a surprisingly high prevalence in all BMI and WC groups. Smoking was the only risk factor most prevalent in subjects with low or normal weight according to BMI. It was also more prevalent in the normal WC group compared to the increased WC or abdominal obesity groups, but ABSI values associated with higher mortality were more prevalent among smokers than non-smokers.
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Simhadri JJ, Loffredo CA, Mondal T, Noreen Z, Nnanabu T, Quartey R, Howell C, Korba B, Nunlee-Bland G, Ghosh S. Correlates and Covariates of Type 2 Diabetes in an African American Population in the Washington DC Area. OPEN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 12:431-448. [PMID: 39100243 PMCID: PMC11296657 DOI: 10.4236/ojepi.2022.124035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
In the United States, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disproportionately affects the African American (AA) community, which has not been systematically included in molecular studies of underlying mechanisms. As part of a gene expression study, we recruited cases with T2DM and matched, unaffected controls at an urban hospital in Washington, DC, with a majority AA population. Here we describe the profile of socio-demographic, behavioral, and health-related associations of the study population. Self-reported data were collected from cases with T2DM (N=77) and age- and gender-matched controls (N=80), ages 45-65 years. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). As expected, obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were more prevalent in cases than controls. Tobacco smoking and working alongside other tobacco smokers were also associated with T2DM. After adjusting for covariates, current tobacco smoking remained statistically associated with the disease (OR per half pack of cigarettes 1.43, 95% CI 1.04-1.95; p-value 0.027). HbA1c levels were elevated in T2DM cases who smoked more than a pack of cigarettes daily. These associations highlight the comorbid burdens of T2DM in an AA urban community setting and identify tobacco control as an unmet need for future prevention and control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothirmai J. Simhadri
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059
| | | | - Tanmoy Mondal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059
| | - Zarish Noreen
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Thomas Nnanabu
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059
| | - Ruth Quartey
- Viral Hepatitis Center, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC 20059
| | - Charles Howell
- Viral Hepatitis Center, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC 20059
| | - Brent Korba
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Gail Nunlee-Bland
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059
| | - Somiranjan Ghosh
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059
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Olszowy KM, Roome AB, Standard E, Tarivonda L, Taleo G, Dancause KN. Relationships of Tobacco Use and Kava Consumption to Sex-Associated Variation in Body Composition and Obesity Risk in Melanesian Adults From Vanuatu. Asia Pac J Public Health 2022; 34:634-642. [DOI: 10.1177/10105395221108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity prevalence has increased in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) over the past several decades, with generally greater occurrence among adult females compared with males. Gendered variation in health behaviors, such as substance use, may play a role in how differences in obesity, body size, and composition manifest in association with sex. This study examines sex-moderated relationships of tobacco smoking and kava consumption with body composition and obesity among 301 Ni-Vanuatu (local self-identification meaning “of Vanuatu”) adults. Data collected included self-reported frequency of substance use as well as anthropometric measurements to assess body mass, composition, and obesity. Tobacco and kava use were associated with reduced measurements of body mass and adiposity in males, and kava use was associated with some elevated measurements of body mass and hip circumference in females. Kava use was also negatively associated with obesity based on waist-to-height ratio among males. These results have implications for evaluation and future research on substance control programs in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Olszowy
- Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Amanda B. Roome
- Bassett Research Institute, Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kelsey N. Dancause
- Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Otelea MR, Nartea R, Popescu FG, Covaleov A, Mitoiu BI, Nica AS. The Pathological Links between Adiposity and the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2646-2663. [PMID: 35735622 PMCID: PMC9221759 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44060181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between obesity and carpal tunnel syndrome is found in many epidemiological studies. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the physiopathological links that could explain the association between these two entities. Ectopic adipose tissue is responsible for metabolic syndrome and inflammation, and is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Taking these elements into consideration, we conducted an extensive literature revision of the subject, considering as ectopic fat-related mechanisms the following: (a) the direct compression and the association with the metabolic syndrome of the fat deposition around the wrist, (b) the insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammatory, and oxidative mechanisms related to the central deposition of the fat, (c) the impaired muscle contraction and metabolism related to myosteatosis. Each section presents the cellular pathways which are modified by the ectopic deposition of the adipose tissue and the impact in the pathogeny of the carpal tunnel syndrome. In conclusion, the experimental and clinical data support the epidemiological findings. Efforts to reduce the obesity epidemics will improve not only cardio-metabolic health but will reduce the burden of the disability-free life expectancy due to the carpal tunnel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ruxandra Otelea
- Clinical Department 5, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Roxana Nartea
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.); (B.I.M.); (A.S.N.)
- National Institute for Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, 030079 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Florina Georgeta Popescu
- Department V, Internal Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Emergency Municipal Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anatoli Covaleov
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.); (B.I.M.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Brindusa Ilinca Mitoiu
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.); (B.I.M.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Adriana Sarah Nica
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.); (B.I.M.); (A.S.N.)
- National Institute for Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, 030079 Bucharest, Romania
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Deacon-Crouch M, Skinner I, Tucci J, Begg S, Wallace R, Skinner T. Association between indigenous status and Body Mass Index (BMI) in Australian adults: Does sleep duration affect the relationship? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263233. [PMID: 35171935 PMCID: PMC8849483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight/obesity is a well-defined risk factor for a variety of chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Sleep duration has been associated with overweight/obesity and other cardio metabolic and neurocognitive problems. Notably, overweight/obesity and many of the associated comorbidities are prevalent in Indigenous Australians. Generally, sleep duration has been associated with BMI for Australian adults but information about Australian Indigenous adults’ sleep is scant. A recent report established that sleep is a weak predictor of obesity for Indigenous Australian adults. Aim To determine whether sleep remains a predictor of obesity when physical activity, diet and smoking status are accounted for; and to determine whether sleep duration plays a mediating role in the relationship between Indigenous status and BMI. Methods Statistical analyses of 5,886 Australian adults: 5236 non-Indigenous and 650 Indigenous people aged over 18 years who participated in the Australian Health Survey 2011–2013. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were described by χ2 and t-tests. ANOVA was used to determine the variables that significantly predicted BMI and sleep duration. Stepwise regression analyses were performed to determine the strongest significant predictors of BMI. Sleep duration was self-reported; BMI was calculated from measurement. Results The study revealed two main findings: (i) short sleep duration was an independent predictor of obesity (adjusted-R2 = 0.056, p <0.0001); and (ii) controlling for sleep duration and other possible confounders, Indigenous status was a significant predictor of BMI overweight/obesity. Sleep duration played a weak, partial mediator role in this relationship. Increased BMI was associated with lower socioeconomic status and level of disadvantage of household locality for non-remote Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. Conclusion Indigenous status strongly predicted increased BMI. The effect was not mediated by the socioeconomic indicators but was partially mediated by sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Deacon-Crouch
- Rural Department of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabelle Skinner
- Rural Department of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Tucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Begg
- Rural Department of Community Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth Wallace
- College of Indigenous Futures, Education & the Arts, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Timothy Skinner
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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de Juras AR, Hsu WC, Hu SC. Prevalence and Determinants of the Co-Occurrence of Overweight or Obesity and Micronutrient Deficiencies among Adults in the Philippines: Results from a National Representative Survey. Nutrients 2021; 13:2339. [PMID: 34371849 PMCID: PMC8308505 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) affects many low- and middle-income countries. However, few studies have examined DBM at the individual level, or undernutrition and overnutrition co-occurring within the same person. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of DBM among adults in the Philippines. Data from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey were used. The sample size in the analysis was 17,010 adults aged ≥20 years old, after excluding pregnant and lactating women. DBM was defined as the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia (definition #1), overweight/obesity and anemia or vitamin A deficiency (definition #2), and overweight/obesity and anemia or vitamin A deficiency or iodine insufficiency (definition #3). Anthropometric measurements and biochemical markers were used for DBM assessment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and logistic regression by R software. Results showed that definition #3 is the predominant type of DBM (7.0%) in the general population, whereas the prevalence of DBM has increased to 23.7% in overweight/obese persons. Sex, age, educational attainment, marital status, household size, wealth quintile, and smoking status were the determinants of DBM. This study revealed that Filipino adults experience malnutrition critically and must be addressed through food and nutrition interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen R. de Juras
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; (A.R.d.J.); (W.-C.H.)
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Wan-Chen Hsu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; (A.R.d.J.); (W.-C.H.)
| | - Susan C. Hu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; (A.R.d.J.); (W.-C.H.)
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Electronic Cigarette Use and Metabolic Syndrome Development: A Critical Review. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040105. [PMID: 33212878 PMCID: PMC7711672 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a combination of several metabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle modifications, including quitting smoking, are recommended to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Not much research has been conducted in the field of e-cigarettes and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, taking into account the influence of e-cigarettes vaping on the individual components of metabolic syndrome, i.e, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and elevated arterial blood pressure, the results are also ambiguous. This article is a review and summary of existing reports on the impact of e-cigarettes on the development of metabolic syndrome as well as its individual components. A critical review for English language articles published until 30 June 2020 was made, using a PubMed (including MEDLINE), Cochrane, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science data. The current research indicated that e-cigarettes use does not affect the development of insulin resistance, but could influence the level of glucose and pre-diabetic state development. The lipid of profile an increase in the TG level was reported, while the influence on the level of concentration of total cholesterol, LDL fraction, and HDL fraction differed. In most cases, e-cigarettes use increased the risk of developing abdominal obesity or higher arterial blood pressure. Further research is required to provide more evidence on this topic.
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Abstract
The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity is characterized as a pandemic of the modern era. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of overweight and obesity in healthy blood donors in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Croatia, and the relationship between socio-demographic factors, lifestyle and eating habits, and body mass index (BMI), including the association of these factors with overweight and obesity. This cross-sectional study included 1255 healthy individuals aged between 18 and 70 years who donated blood between January 2015 and October 2016 at the Clinical Institute of Transfusion Medicine. Each participant completed a questionnaire regarding weight, height, blood type, socio-demographic factors, health parameters, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits. Overweight was defined as BMI of 25-29.9 kg/m2, and obesity as BMI ≥30 kg/m2. A logistic regression model was used on data assessment. BMI was normal in 33.6% of participants, whereas 44.1% were overweight and 21.8% were obese. Higher BMI was correlated with male sex (odds ratio [OR]=0.21), lower education level (OR=0.77) and unhealthy diet (OR=0.57), whereas lower BMI was correlated with lower age (OR=2.05) and unemployment (OR=1.85). To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the prevalence of BMI in a healthy Croatian population; our results confirmed the findings of studies conducted in other European countries. Our results highlighted the importance of improving education levels and raising awareness of healthy dietary habits in high-risk groups, i.e. men and older individuals with lower education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Mavrinac
- 1Clinical Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Rijeka University Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia; 2School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nataša Katalinić
- 1Clinical Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Rijeka University Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia; 2School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sanja Balen
- 1Clinical Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Rijeka University Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia; 2School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Prevalence and correlates of overweight and abdominal adiposity amongst adults residing in Madeira Autonomous Region: a cross-sectional, population-based study. Porto Biomed J 2020; 5:e067. [PMID: 32734010 PMCID: PMC7386548 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Data on nutritional status and its risk factors amongst the adult population of the Madeira Autonomous Region (RAM) is scarce. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with overweight and abdominal adiposity, assessed through measuring body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) indexes. Methods: Cross-sectional study using a representative sample of 911 subjects (18–64 years) from the RAM Dietary Habits of Adult Population Study. Logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the association between body mass index, WC, and WHtR indexes, with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Results: The prevalence of overweight amongst adults was 60.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 56.8–63.2]. The prevalence of abdominal adiposity, assessed by WC and WHtR indexes, was 62.6% (95% CI: 59.4–65.7) and 71.9% (95% CI: 69.0–74.8), respectively. In adjusted models, age and self-reported chronic diseases were associated with both overweight and abdominal adiposity. Women were less likely to be overweight [odds ratio (OR) = 0.7 (95% CI: 0.5–0.9); P = .012] but more likely to have increased WC [OR = 2.9 (95% CI: 2.1–4.0); P < .001], compared to men. Being married was positively associated to being overweight [OR = 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1–2.1); P = .013] and increased WC [OR = 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3–2.6); P < .001], but not with WHtR index. Education level was only associated with WHtR index. Inverse associations were found for each abdominal obesity indicators and smoking status. Conclusions: Overweight and abdominal adiposity should be considered 2 major public health problems, amongst adult population of the RAM. Older less educated adults, with smoking habits may be considered a target group for health promotion interventions.
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Kunzova S, Maugeri A, Medina-Inojosa J, Lopez-Jimenez F, Vinciguerra M, Marques-Vidal P. Determinants of Metabolic Health Across Body Mass Index Categories in Central Europe: A Comparison Between Swiss and Czech Populations. Front Public Health 2020; 8:108. [PMID: 32322570 PMCID: PMC7156604 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparisons among countries can help to identify opportunities for the reduction of inequalities in cardiometabolic health. The present cross-sectional analysis and meta-analysis aim to address to what extent obesity traits, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors determine poor metabolic health across body mass index (BMI) categories in two urban population-based samples from Central Europe. Data from the CoLaus (~6,000 participants; Lausanne, Switzerland) and the Kardiovize Brno 2030 (~2,000 participants; Brno, Czech Republic) cohorts. For each cohort, logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the main determinants of poor metabolic health overall and stratified by body mass index (BMI) categories. The results of each cohort were then combined in a meta-analysis. We first observed that waist circumference and body fat mass were associated with metabolic health, especially in non-obese individuals. Moreover, increasing age, being male, having low-medium educational level, abdominal obesity, and high body fat mass were the main determinants of the metabolically unhealthy profile in both cohorts. Meta-analysis stratified by BMI categories confirmed the previous results with slight differences across BMI categories. In fact, increasing age and being male were the main determinants of poor metabolic health independent of obesity status. In contrast, low educational level and current smoking were associated with poor metabolic health only in non-obese individuals. In line, public health strategies against obesity and related comorbidities should aim to improve social conditions and to promote healthy lifestyles before the progression of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Kunzova
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Andrea Maugeri
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jose Medina-Inojosa
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Francisco Lopez-Jimenez
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Chehri A, Khazaie S, Noori M, Eskandari S, Khazaie H, Jalali A. Sleep quality and the problems in smokers and nonsmokers: a comparative study. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1725162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azita Chehri
- Department of Psychology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdis Noori
- Department of Psychology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Eskandari
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Jalali
- Psychiatric Nursing Department, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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16
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Keetile M, Navaneetham K, Letamo G, Bainame K, Rakgoasi SD, Gabaitiri L, Masupe T, Molebatsi R. Socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of overweight/obesity among adults in Botswana: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029570. [PMID: 31818834 PMCID: PMC6924755 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To undertake a comprehensive assessment of socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of overweight/obesity among adult population in Botswana. DESIGN The study adopted a cross-sectional design by selecting adult respondents in 3 cities and towns, 15 urban villages and 15 rural areas across Botswana using a multistage probability sampling technique. SETTING The study was conducted in selected rural and urban areas of Botswana. PARTICIPANTS The study sample consisted of 1178 adult males and females aged 15 years and above. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Objectively measured overweight/obesity. RESULTS Prevalence of overweight/obesity in the study population was estimated at 41%. The adjusted OR (AOR) of overweight/obesity were highest among women (AOR=2.74, 95% CI 1.92 to 3.90), in ages 55-64 years (AOR=5.53, 95% CI 2.62 to 11.6), among individuals with secondary (AOR=1.70, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.61) and tertiary education (AOR=1.99, 95% CI 1.16 to 3.38), smokers (AOR=2.16, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.83) and people with poor physically activity (AOR=1.46, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.24). These were statistically significant at 5% level. CONCLUSION Women, older adults, people with high education level, smokers and people who reported poor physical activity were found to have higher odds of being overweight/obesity. These findings suggest the need for broad based strategies encouraging physical activity among different socioeconomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Keetile
- Department of Population Studies, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kannan Navaneetham
- Department of Population Studies, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Gobopamang Letamo
- Department of Population Studies, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kenabetsho Bainame
- Department of Population Studies, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | | | - Tiny Masupe
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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17
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Lavie CJ, Laddu D, Arena R, Ortega FB, Alpert MA, Kushner RF. Healthy Weight and Obesity Prevention: JACC Health Promotion Series. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 72:1506-1531. [PMID: 30236314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic levels in the United States and worldwide, and this has contributed to substantial cardiovascular and other health risks. However, controversy exists concerning the causes of obesity and effective modalities for its prevention and treatment. There is also controversy related to the concept of metabolically healthy obesity phenotype, the "obesity paradox," and on the importance of fitness to protect individuals who are overweight or obese from cardiovascular diseases. In this state-of-the-art review, the authors focus on "healthy weight" with the emphasis on the pathophysiologic effects of weight gain on the cardiovascular system; mechanistic/triggering factors; and the role of preventive actions through personal, education/environment, and societal/authoritative factors, as well as factors to provide guidance for caregivers of health promotion. Additionally, the authors briefly review metabolically healthy obesity, the obesity paradox, and issues beyond lifestyle consideration for weight loss with medications and bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
| | - Deepika Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Martin A Alpert
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Robert F Kushner
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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18
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Trends in Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Women of Reproductive Age in Zimbabwe, 2005-2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152758. [PMID: 31382360 PMCID: PMC6695964 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is rising in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Zimbabwe, yet, the risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among women in the country have not been explored. This study investigated the trends in prevalence and demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors of overweight and obesity among Zimbabwean women of reproductive age (15–49 years) from 2005–2015. Methods: Data from the 2005/2006, 2010/2011 and 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral risk factors and obesity and overweight (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25.0 kg/m2). We further estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity over the period covered by the surveys. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased substantially from 25.0% in 2005 to 36.6% in 2015. Some of the risk factors for overweight and obesity were older age (40+) (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.73–6.01) in 2015, being married, high economic status, being employed, residence in urban areas and alcohol use. Educational attainment and smoking status were not associated with overweight and obesity across all surveys. Conclusions: We provide the first detailed analysis of trends and risk factors for overweight and obesity between 2005 and 2015 among women in Zimbabwe. The findings indicate that women of reproductive age are at high, and increasing, risk of excess weight. Thus, prevention and control measures are needed to address the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Zimbabwe.
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19
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Sun M, Jiang Y, Sun C, Li J, Guo X, Lv Y, Yu Y, Yao Y, Jin L. The associations between smoking and obesity in northeast China: a quantile regression analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3732. [PMID: 30872597 PMCID: PMC6418137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factors of chronic diseases, and smoking is associated with both chronic diseases and obesity. There were some controversies about the associations between smoking and obesity. Thus, our study aimed to explore the associations of smoking with obesity, using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as obesity indices in northeast China. We enrolled a sample of 16,412 participants in Jilin province aged 18-79 in this study, which were derived from a cross-sectional survey in 2012. We used quantile regression (QR) models to identify the associations of smoking with obesity in different quantiles of BMI (or WC) by genders. The differences of BMI and WC by genders were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, compared with current non-smokers, current smokers had lower BMI but higher WC. As increasing of WC, the association of WC with smoking was getting stronger, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiagen Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yaogai Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yaqin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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20
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Wills AG, Hopfer C. Phenotypic and genetic relationship between BMI and cigarette smoking in a sample of UK adults. Addict Behav 2019; 89:98-103. [PMID: 30286397 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the health hazards posed individually by cigarette smoking and obesity, the combination of these conditions poses a particular impairment to health. Genetic factors have been shown to influence both traits and, to understand the connection between these conditions, we examined both the observed and genetic relationship between adiposity (an electrical impedance measure of body mass index (BMI)) and cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) in a large sample of current, former, and never smokers in the United Kingdom. In former smokers, BMI was positively associated with cigarettes formerly smoked; further, the genetic factors related to a greater number of cigarettes smoked were also responsible for a higher BMI. In current smokers, there was a positive association between BMI and number of cigarettes smoked, though this relationship did not appear to be influenced by similar genetic factors. We found a positive genetic relationship between smoking in current/former smokers and BMI in never smokers (who would be unmarred by the effects of nicotine). In addition to CPD, in current smokers, we looked at two variables, time from waking to first cigarette and difficulty not smoking for a day, that may align better with cigarette and food 'craving.' However, these smoking measures provided mixed findings with respect to their relationship with BMI. Overall, the positive relationships between the genetic factors that influence CPD in smokers and the genetic factors that influence BMI in former and never smokers point to common biological influences behind smoking and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Wills
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop F570, Building 500, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
| | - Christian Hopfer
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop F570, Building 500, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
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21
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Lavie CJ, Laddu D, Arena R, Ortega FB, Alpert MA, Kushner RF. Reprint of: Healthy Weight and Obesity Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:3027-3052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Vézina-Im LA, Lebel A, Gagnon P, Nicklas TA, Baranowski T. Association between sleep and overweight/obesity among women of childbearing age in Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2018; 109:516-526. [PMID: 29981080 PMCID: PMC6964432 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-018-0071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tests of the relationship between sleep and overweight/obesity (OW/OB) among women have been inconsistent. Few studies reporting such associations have focused on women of childbearing age. This paper investigates this association among Canadian women of childbearing age. METHODS Data were from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2011-2014. The sample consisted of women aged 18-44 years. All variables were self-reported. Sleep duration was dichotomized as insufficient (< 7 h/night) or adequate (≥ 7 h/night). A composite score of sleep quality was used and dichotomized as poor none/little of the time or some/most/all of the time. Height and weight were used to calculate body mass index. Associations between sleep and OW/OB were assessed using logistic regression analyses with survey weights. Three models were computed for sleep duration/quality: model without covariates, model adjusted for demographics (age, ethnicity, level of education, household income, marital status, employment, parity, region, and season), and model adjusted for demographics and variables associated with OW/OB (mood disorder, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol). RESULTS Total sample consisted of 9749 women of childbearing age. Thirty-eight percent had insufficient sleep duration. Sleep duration was significantly associated with OW/OB in the model with no covariates and discriminated 52.8% of women of childbearing age, but this association was no longer significant in the models adjusted for covariates. Sleep quality was not significantly linked to OW/OB in any of the models. CONCLUSION Targeting sleep alone would likely not contribute to lower risk of OW/OB among Canadian women of childbearing age. Additional studies, especially longitudinal ones, are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydi-Anne Vézina-Im
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Alexandre Lebel
- Graduate School of Urban Planning and Land Management, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Gagnon
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Theresa A Nicklas
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tom Baranowski
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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23
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Miyazawa I, Ohkubo T, Kadowaki S, Fujiyoshi A, Hisamatsu T, Kadota A, Arima H, Budoff M, Murata K, Miura K, Maegawa H, Ueshima H. Change in Pericardial Fat Volume and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a General Population of Japanese Men. Circ J 2018; 82:2542-2548. [PMID: 30047503 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericardial fat volume (PFV), defined as the volume of ectopic fat in and around the heart, is associated with the atherosclerotic process in coronary arteries. The magnitude of change in PFV over time and the factors affecting this change in a general population, however, have not been investigated. Methods and Results: Cardiac computed tomography (CT) was carried out at baseline and at follow-up in 623 Japanese men aged 40-79 years without a history of cardiovascular disease who were selected randomly in Kusatsu (Shiga, Japan). PFV was measured on cardiac CT in a qualified laboratory. Age, heart rate, triglycerides, and obesity measurements (weight, body mass index, and waist circumference) were significantly and positively associated with PFV at baseline. Over an average interval of 4.7 years, median PFV increased significantly from 64.1 cm3 (IQR, 47.2-90.0 cm3) to 73.6 cm3 (IQR, 53.3-98.1 cm3; P<0.001). Current smoking and heart rate were significantly and independently associated with changes in PFV (B=3.336, P<0.001 and B=6.409, P=0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS PFV increased significantly over time in a population-based observational study of Japanese men. PFV change was significantly and independently associated with smoking status and heart rate, suggesting that quitting smoking might help reduce PFV, which could be expected to decrease the risk of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Sayaka Kadowaki
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Takashi Hisamatsu
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles
| | - Kiyoshi Murata
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
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24
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Bermudez V, Olivar LC, Torres W, Navarro C, Gonzalez R, Espinoza C, Morocho A, Mindiola A, Chacin M, Arias V, Añez R, Salazar J, Riaño-Garzon M, Diaz-Camargo E, Bautista MJ, Rojas J. Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela. F1000Res 2018; 7:565. [PMID: 30705749 PMCID: PMC6343224 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14571.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51-0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents a related factor with metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmore Bermudez
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Wheeler Torres
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Carla Navarro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Robys Gonzalez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Cristobal Espinoza
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Alicia Morocho
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Andres Mindiola
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Victor Arias
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Roberto Añez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Riaño-Garzon
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Edgar Diaz-Camargo
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Maria Judith Bautista
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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25
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Bermudez V, Olivar LC, Torres W, Navarro C, Gonzalez R, Espinoza C, Morocho A, Mindiola A, Chacin M, Arias V, Añez R, Salazar J, Riaño-Garzon M, Diaz-Camargo E, Bautista MJ, Rojas J. Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela. F1000Res 2018; 7:565. [PMID: 30705749 PMCID: PMC6343224 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14571.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51-0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents a related factor with metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmore Bermudez
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Wheeler Torres
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Carla Navarro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Robys Gonzalez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Cristobal Espinoza
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Alicia Morocho
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Andres Mindiola
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Victor Arias
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Roberto Añez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Riaño-Garzon
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Edgar Diaz-Camargo
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Maria Judith Bautista
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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26
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Bermudez V, Olivar LC, Torres W, Navarro C, Gonzalez R, Espinoza C, Morocho A, Mindiola A, Chacin M, Arias V, Añez R, Salazar J, Riaño-Garzon M, Diaz-Camargo E, Bautista MJ, Rojas J. Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela. F1000Res 2018; 7:565. [PMID: 30705749 PMCID: PMC6343224 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14571.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51-0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents an independent risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmore Bermudez
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Wheeler Torres
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Carla Navarro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Robys Gonzalez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Cristobal Espinoza
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Alicia Morocho
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Andres Mindiola
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Victor Arias
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Roberto Añez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Riaño-Garzon
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Edgar Diaz-Camargo
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Maria Judith Bautista
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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Vézina-Im LA, Nicklas TA, Baranowski T. Associations Among Sleep, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among U.S. Childbearing-Age Women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 27:1400-1407. [PMID: 29583069 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women of childbearing age (18-44 years) present an important group for understanding sleep, but few studies have focused on this population. No study has investigated the associations among sleep, overweight/obesity, and risk of type 2 diabetes among childbearing-age women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS Data were from NHANES, 2005-2008. The study population consisted of 18-44 year old women. Pregnant women and those diagnosed with sleep disorders were excluded. Sleep duration and quality were self-reported. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) measurements, and a 2-hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed by trained NHANES staff. An unadjusted linear regression analysis; a second adjusted for demographics only (partially adjusted model); and a third adjusted for demographics and variables associated with overweight/obesity and diabetes (fully adjusted model) were computed to assess associations among sleep duration/quality and BMI, WC, and 2-hour OGTT. RESULTS Total sample consisted of 2388 childbearing-age women. Only sleep duration was significantly associated with BMI and WC in the unadjusted and partially adjusted models, but was no longer significant in the fully adjusted model. Neither sleep duration nor quality was significantly associated with 2-hour OGTT in any of the models. CONCLUSIONS Targeting sleep duration and sleep quality alone would not likely contribute to significantly lower BMI, WC, or risk of type 2 diabetes in US childbearing-age women. Additional studies, especially longitudinal ones using objective measures of sleep, are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydi-Anne Vézina-Im
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Theresa A Nicklas
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Tom Baranowski
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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White WB, Cain LR, Benjamin EJ, DeFilippis AP, Blaha MJ, Wang W, Okhomina V, Keith RJ, Al Rifai M, Kianoush S, Winniford MD, Robertson RM, Bhatnagar A, Correa A, Hall ME. High-Intensity Cigarette Smoking Is Associated With Incident Diabetes Mellitus In Black Adults: The Jackson Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.007413. [PMID: 29330255 PMCID: PMC5850161 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous reports on whether smoking is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus have yielded inconsistent findings. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between cigarette smoking and incident diabetes mellitus in the Jackson Heart Study. Methods and Results Jackson Heart Study participants enrolled at baseline without prevalent diabetes mellitus (n=2991) were classified by self‐report as current smokers, past smokers (smoked ≥400 cigarettes/life and no longer smoking), or never smokers. We quantified smoking intensity by number of cigarettes smoked daily; we considered ≥20 cigarettes per day (1 pack) “high‐intensity.” We defined diabetes mellitus as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5% or International Federation of Clinical Chemistry units HbA1c 48 mmol/mol, or use of diabetes mellitus medication. We estimated the adjusted associations of smoking status, intensity, and dose (pack‐years) with incident diabetes mellitus using Poisson regression models. At baseline there were 361 baseline current (1–10 cigarettes per day [n=242]; ≥20 [n=119]), 502 past, and 2128 never smokers. From Visit 1 to Visit 3 (mean 8.0±0.9 years), 479 participants developed incident diabetes mellitus. After adjustment for covariates, baseline current smokers who smoked less than a pack/d and past smokers had similar rates of incident diabetes mellitus compared with never smokers (incidence rate ratios 1.04, 95% confidence interval, 0.69–1.58 and 1.08, 95% confidence interval, 0.82–1.42, respectively). Baseline current high‐intensity smokers had a 79% (95% confidence interval, 1.14–2.81) higher incidence of diabetes mellitus compared with never smokers. Smoking dose (per 10 pack‐years) was also associated with a higher incidence of diabetes mellitus (incidence rate ratios 1.10, 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.19) in adjusted models. Conclusions High‐intensity cigarette smoking and smoking pack‐years are associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus in blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loretta R Cain
- Department of Data Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - Michael J Blaha
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Data Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Victoria Okhomina
- Department of Data Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Rachel J Keith
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Mahmoud Al Rifai
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS
| | - Sina Kianoush
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael D Winniford
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Rose M Robertson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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29
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Śliwińska-Mossoń M, Milnerowicz H. The impact of smoking on the development of diabetes and its complications. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:265-276. [PMID: 28393534 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117701876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders and emerges secondary to an interaction between genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. This work provides an overview of the impact of smoking on the development of vascular complications in this condition and also provides an overview of the potential role of smoking in predisposition to diabetes. There are many studies documenting the impact of smoking on health (not focused on patients with diabetes), suggesting that the health exposure in these individuals is at least comparable to that observed in the general population. Distinct studies of smoking in patients with diabetes have unambiguously confirmed an increased prevalence and a higher risk of early death associated with the development of macrovascular complications. Smoking is also associated with premature development of microvascular complications and may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. It has been shown that smoking is a predictor of the progression of glucose intolerance at both the transition from normoglycaemia to impaired glucose tolerance status and the increased risk of developing diabetes. The mechanisms explaining the relationship between smoking and the development of diabetes are not fully understood, although a number of hypotheses have been put forward. Current evidence indicates that smoking cessation is not only important to prevent macrovascular complications in diabetes, but also has a role in limiting microvascular disease and may also facilitate glycaemic management in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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