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Li J, Chi H, Wu Y, Peng K, Wang J, Lin W. Sulfur dioxide-triggered visualization tool for auxiliary diagnosis of alcohol-induced "anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory" development process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134685. [PMID: 38797075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is the most common disease in humans. Alcohol has been part of human culture throughout history. To avoid alcohol prompting inflammation to develop into a more serious disease, it is important for human health to explore the effects of alcohol on the development of inflammation.Endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) is considered an important regulator of the development of inflammation and is involved in the entire development process of inflammation. Taken together, it is of great significance to explore the impact of alcohol on the development process of inflammation through changes in SO2 concentration in the inflammatory microenvironment. Herein, we report the development of a molecular tool (Nu-SO2) with rapid (5 s) response to the important inflammatory modulator sulfur dioxide (SO2) for the diagnosis of inflammation, assessment of therapeutic effects, and evaluation of the development process of alcohol-induced inflammation. The rationality of Nu-SO2 was confirmed through molecular docking calculations, density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations, DNA/RNA titration experiments and co-localization experiments. Furthermore, Nu-SO2 was effectively applied for specific response and highly sensitive visualization imaging of SO2 in solution, cells and mice. Importantly, Nu-SO2 was successfully used to diagnose lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in cells and mice and evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone in treating inflammation. More significantly, based on the excellent performance of Nu-SO2 in dynamically reporting the further development of inflammation in mice triggered by alcohol, we successfully elucidated the "anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory" trend in the development of inflammation caused by alcohol stimulation. Thus, this work not only advances the research on the relationship between alcohol, inflammation and SO2, but also provides a new non-invasive assessment method for the development mechanism of inflammation induced by external stimuli and the precise diagnosis and treatment of drug efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfeng Li
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Hanwen Chi
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wu
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Kanghui Peng
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jiangyan Wang
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
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Ben-Azu B, Adebesin A, Moke GE, Ojiokor VO, Olusegun A, Jarikre TA, Akinluyi ET, Olukemi OA, Omeiza NA, Nkenchor P, Niemogha AR, Ewere ED, Igwoku C, Omamogho F. Alcohol exacerbates psychosocial stress-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms: Attenuation by geraniol. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105748. [PMID: 38703789 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Adaptation to psychosocial stress is psychologically distressing, initiating/promoting comorbidity with alcohol use disorders. Emerging evidence moreover showed that ethanol (EtOH) exacerbates social-defeat stress (SDS)-induced behavioral impairments, neurobiological sequelae, and poor therapeutic outcomes. Hence, this study investigated the effects of geraniol, an isoprenoid monoterpenoid alcohol with neuroprotective functions on EtOH escalated SDS-induced behavioral impairments, and neurobiological sequelae in mice. Male mice chronically exposed to SDS for 14 days were repeatedly fed with EtOH (2 g/kg, p. o.) from days 8-14. From days 1-14, SDS-EtOH co-exposed mice were concurrently treated with geraniol (25 and 50 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) orally. After SDS-EtOH translational interactions, arrays of behavioral tasks were examined, followed by investigations of oxido-inflammatory, neurochemicals levels, monoamine oxidase-B and acetylcholinesterase activities in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex, and hippocampus. The glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) expression was also quantified in the prefrontal-cortex immunohistochemically. Adrenal weights, serum glucose and corticosterone concentrations were measured. EtOH exacerbated SDS-induced low-stress resilience, social impairment characterized by anxiety, depression, and memory deficits were attenuated by geraniol (50 and 100 mg/kg) and fluoxetine. In line with this, geraniol increased the levels of dopamine, serotonin, and glutamic-acid decarboxylase enzyme, accompanied by reduced monoamine oxidase-B and acetylcholinesterase activities in the prefrontal-cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Geraniol inhibited SDS-EtOH-induced adrenal hypertrophy, corticosterone, TNF-α, IL-6 release, malondialdehyde and nitrite levels, with increased antioxidant activities. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that geraniol enhanced GFAP immunoreactivity in the prefrontal-cortex relative to SDS-EtOH group. We concluded that geraniol ameliorates SDS-EtOH interaction-induced behavioral changes via normalization of neuroimmune-endocrine and neurochemical dysregulations in mice brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
| | - Adaeze Adebesin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Abafemi Awolowo College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Segamu Campus, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Goodes E Moke
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Vivian O Ojiokor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Adebayo Olusegun
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
| | - Thiophilus A Jarikre
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth T Akinluyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Opajobi A Olukemi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Noah A Omeiza
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Paul Nkenchor
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Avwenayeri R Niemogha
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Ejaita D Ewere
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Chioma Igwoku
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Favour Omamogho
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
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Gheisary Z, Hoja I, Liu J, Papagerakis P, Weber LP, Fenton M, Katselis GS, Lieffers JRL, Papagerakis S. Association of Sleep Quality and General, Mental, and Oral Health with Lifestyle Traits (Dietary Intake, Smoking Status) in Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). Nutrients 2024; 16:2091. [PMID: 38999838 PMCID: PMC11243648 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is associated with health challenges. Lifestyle traits are believed to influence arthritis development and progression; however, data to support personalized treatment regimens based on holistic lifestyle factors are missing. This study aims to provide a comprehensive list of associations between lifestyle traits and the health status of individuals with arthritis in the Canadian population, using binary logistic regression analysis on data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, which includes 104,359 respondents. Firstly, we explored the association between arthritis and various aspects of health status including self-reported lifestyle factors. Secondly, we examined the associations between self-reported dietary intake and smoking status with general, mental, and oral health, and sleep disturbance among individuals both with and without arthritis. Our analysis revealed that individuals with arthritis reported considerably poorer general, mental, and oral health, and poorer sleep quality compared to those without arthritis. Associations were also found between self-reported dietary intake and various measures of health status in individuals with arthritis. Smoking and exposure to passive smoking were associated not only with arthritis but also with compromised sleep quality and poorer general, mental, and oral health in people with and without arthritis. This study highlights the need for personalized and holistic approaches that may include a combination of dietary interventions, oral health improvements, sleep therapies, and smoking cessation for improved arthritis prevention and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Gheisary
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Ibrahim Hoja
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, Dental Medicine Pavilion, 2420, rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (I.H.); (P.P.)
- Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Juxin Liu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 106 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E6, Canada;
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, Dental Medicine Pavilion, 2420, rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (I.H.); (P.P.)
| | - Lynn P. Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
| | - Mark Fenton
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - George S. Katselis
- Department of Medicine, Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
| | - Jessica R. L. Lieffers
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Precision Oral Health and Chronobiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, Dental Medicine Pavilion, 2420, rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (I.H.); (P.P.)
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Rynhoud L, Kagee A. Prevalence of alcohol and drug use and their impact on adherence among hospitalised TB patients in South Africa. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:674-679. [PMID: 38247264 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231224124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the use of alcohol and drugs and the potential impact on adherence to medication for tuberculosis. Adult patients admitted to specialised tuberculosis hospitals in South Africa were assessed for drug use, alcohol use and adherence to tuberculosis medication. A total of 175 patients participated in the study; 32% reported harmful alcohol use, and 44% reported problematic use of drugs. Participants who used drugs were four times as likely (OR = 4.11, 95% CI (1.89, 8.91)) and those using alcohol were twice as likely (OR = 2.06, 95% CI (1.02, 5.08)) to be nonadherent to medication for tuberculosis. Prevalence of harmful/hazardous use of alcohol and other drugs was high and significantly correlated with poorer medication adherence. Routine screening for and treatment of substance use in patients on treatment for tuberculosis and ongoing monitoring of adherence to medication is recommended.
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Roychowdhury S, Pant B, Cross E, Scheraga R, Vachharajani V. Effect of ethanol exposure on innate immune response in sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:1029-1041. [PMID: 38066660 PMCID: PMC11136611 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder, reported by 1 in 8 critically ill patients, is a risk factor for death in sepsis patients. Sepsis, the leading cause of death, kills over 270,000 patients in the United States alone and remains without targeted therapy. Immune response in sepsis transitions from an early hyperinflammation to persistent inflammation and immunosuppression and multiple organ dysfunction during late sepsis. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogen invasion. Ethanol exposure is known to impair innate and adaptive immune response and bacterial clearance in sepsis patients. Specifically, ethanol exposure is known to modulate every aspect of innate immune response with and without sepsis. Multiple molecular mechanisms are implicated in causing dysregulated immune response in ethanol exposure with sepsis, but targeted treatments have remained elusive. In this article, we outline the effects of ethanol exposure on various innate immune cell types in general and during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Bishnu Pant
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Emily Cross
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Rachel Scheraga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Integrated Hospital-Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195, United States
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Integrated Hospital-Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195, United States
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Xia C, Chander G, Hutton HE, McCaul ME, Delaney JA, Mayer KH, Jacobson JM, Puryear S, Crane HM, Shapiro AE, Cachay ER, Lau B, Napravnik S, Saag M, Lesko CR. Association of Alcohol Use with COVID-19 Infection and Hospitalization Among People Living with HIV in the United States, 2020. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:1795-1807. [PMID: 38421512 PMCID: PMC11238908 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use was associated with elevated COVID-19 risk in the general population. People with HIV (PWH) have high prevalences of alcohol use. To evaluate the effect of alcohol use on COVID-19 risks among PWH, we estimated the risk of COVID-19 diagnosis and COVID-19-related hospitalization among PWH in routine care at 8 HIV primary care centers that contributed data to the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort according to their alcohol use just prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CNICS data repository includes demographic characteristics, clinical diagnoses, and laboratory test results from electronic medical records and other sources. Alcohol use, substance use, and mental health symptoms were self-reported on tablet-based standardized surveys. Alcohol use was categorized according to standard, sex-specific Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption instrument cut-offs. We followed 5,496 PWH (79% male, 48% Black race, median age = 53 years) from March 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Relative to PWH with no baseline alcohol use, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of COVID-19 diagnosis was 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78, 1.51) for lower-risk drinking and 1.19 (95%CI: 0.81, 1.73) for unhealthy drinking. The aHR of COVID-19-related hospitalization was 0.82 (95%CI: 0.33, 1.99) for lower-risk drinking and 1.25 (95%CI: 0.50, 3.09) for unhealthy drinking. Results were not modified by recent cocaine or non-prescribed opioid use, depressive symptoms, or diagnoses of alcohol use disorder. The study suggested a slightly increased, but not statistically significant risk of COVID-19 diagnosis and hospitalization associated with unhealthy alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Geetanjali Chander
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Heidi E Hutton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mary E McCaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joseph A Delaney
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University T.C. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Jacobson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sarah Puryear
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Heidi M Crane
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Adrienne E Shapiro
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Edward R Cachay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bryan Lau
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sonia Napravnik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Michael Saag
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Catherine R Lesko
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Hancock DG, Berry L, Scott NM, Mincham KT, Ditcham W, Larcombe AN, Clements B. Treatment with inhaled aerosolised ethanol reduces viral load and potentiates macrophage responses in an established influenza mouse model. Exp Lung Res 2024; 50:118-126. [PMID: 38683138 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2024.2346320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM Treatment options for viral lung infections are currently limited. We aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of inhaled ethanol in an influenza-infection mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a safety and tolerability experiment, 80 healthy female BALB/c mice (20 per group) were exposed to nebulized saline (control) or three concentrations of ethanol (40/60/80% ethanol v/v in water) for 3x30-minute periods, with a two-hour break between exposures. In a separate subsequent experiment, 40 Female BALB/c mice were nasally inoculated with 104.5 plaque-forming units of immediate virulence "Mem71" influenza. Infection was established for 48-h before commencing treatment in 4 groups of 10 mice with either nebulized saline (control) or one of 3 different concentrations of ethanol (40/60/80% ethanol v/v in water) for 3x30-minute periods daily over three consecutive days. In both experiments, mouse behavior, clinical scores, weight change, bronchoalveolar lavage cell viability, cellular composition, and cytokine levels, were assessed 24-h following the final exposure, with viral load also assessed after the second experiment. RESULTS In uninfected BALB/c mice, 3x30-minute exposures to nebulized 40%, 60%, and 80% ethanol resulted in no significant differences in mouse weights, cell counts/viability, cytokines, or morphometry measures. In Mem71-influenza infected mice, we observed a dose-dependent reduction in viral load in the 80%-treated group and potentiation of macrophage numbers in the 60%- and 80%-treated groups, with no safety concerns. CONCLUSIONS Our data provides support for inhaled ethanol as a candidate treatment for respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Hancock
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Luke Berry
- Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Naomi M Scott
- Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Kyle T Mincham
- Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - William Ditcham
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alexander N Larcombe
- Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Barry Clements
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Lu H. Inflammatory liver diseases and susceptibility to sepsis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:435-487. [PMID: 38571396 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory liver diseases, particularly alcohol-associated liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), have higher incidence of infections and mortality rate due to sepsis. The current focus in the development of drugs for MAFLD is the resolution of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and prevention of progression to cirrhosis. In patients with cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis, sepsis is a major cause of death. As the metabolic center and a key immune tissue, liver is the guardian, modifier, and target of sepsis. Septic patients with liver dysfunction have the highest mortality rate compared with other organ dysfunctions. In addition to maintaining metabolic homeostasis, the liver produces and secretes hepatokines and acute phase proteins (APPs) essential in tissue protection, immunomodulation, and coagulation. Inflammatory liver diseases cause profound metabolic disorder and impairment of energy metabolism, liver regeneration, and production/secretion of APPs and hepatokines. Herein, the author reviews the roles of (1) disorders in the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies, and amino acids as well as the clearance of ammonia and lactate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis; (2) cytokines/chemokines in inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis; (3) APPs and hepatokines in the protection against tissue injury and infections; and (4) major nuclear receptors/signaling pathways underlying the metabolic disorders and tissue injuries as well as the major drug targets for inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis. Approaches that focus on the liver dysfunction and regeneration will not only treat inflammatory liver diseases but also prevent the development of severe infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
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9
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Ben-Azu B, Moke EG, Chris-Ozoko LE, Jaiyeoba-Ojigho EJ, Adebayo OG, Ajayi AM, Oyovwi MO, Odjugo G, Omozojie VI, Ejomafuwe G, Onike N, Eneni AEO, Ichipi-Ifukor CP, Achuba IF. Diosgenin alleviates alcohol-mediated escalation of social defeat stress and the neurobiological sequalae. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:785-803. [PMID: 38311692 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Emerging evidence indicates that persistent alcohol consumption escalates psychosocial trauma achieved by social defeat stress (SDS)-induced neurobiological changes and behavioral outcomes. Treatment with compounds with neuroprotective functions is believed to reverse ethanol (EtOH)-aggravated SDS-induced behavioral impairments. OBJECTIVES We investigated the outcomes of diosgenin treatment, a phytosteroidal sapogenin in mice co-exposed to repeated SDS and EtOH administration. METHODS During a period of 14 days, SDS male mice were repeatedly administered EtOH (20%, 10 mL/kg) orally from days 8-14 (n = 9). Within days 1-14, SDS mice fed with EtOH were simultaneously treated with diosgenin (25 and 50 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) by oral gavage. Locomotor, cognitive-, depressive-, and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed. Adrenal weight, serum glucose, and corticosterone levels were assayed. Brain markers of oxido-inflammatory, neurochemical levels, monoamine oxidase-B, and acetylcholinesterase activities were measured in the striatum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. RESULTS The anxiety-like behavior, depression, low stress resilience, social, and spatial/non-spatial memory decline exhibited by SDS mice exposed to repeated EtOH administration were alleviated by diosgenin (25 and 50 mg/kg) and fluoxetine, illustrated by increased dopamine and serotonin concentrations and reduced monoamine oxidase-B and acetylcholinesterase activities in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Diosgenin attenuated SDS + EtOH interaction induced corticosterone release and adrenal hypertrophy, accompanied by reduced TNF-α, IL-6, malondialdehyde, and nitrite levels in the striatum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. Diosgenin increased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels in SDS + EtOH-exposed mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that diosgenin reverses SDS + EtOH interaction-induced behavioral changes via normalization of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurochemical neurotransmissions, and inhibition of oxidative and inflammatory mediators in mice brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
| | - Emuesiri Goodies Moke
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Lilian E Chris-Ozoko
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Efe J Jaiyeoba-Ojigho
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Adebayo
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurophysiology Unit, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, River State, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Mega O Oyovwi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Gideon Odjugo
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Vincent I Omozojie
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Goddey Ejomafuwe
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Nzubechukwu Onike
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Aya-Ebi O Eneni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | | | - Ifeakachuku F Achuba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
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10
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Hancock DG, Ditcham W, Ferguson E, Karpievitch YV, Stick SM, Waterer GW, Clements BS. A phase I clinical trial assessing the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of inhaled ethanol in humans as a potential treatment for respiratory tract infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1324686. [PMID: 38504921 PMCID: PMC10949138 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1324686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Current treatments for respiratory infections are severely limited. Ethanol's unique properties including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and surfactant-like activity make it a promising candidate treatment for respiratory infections if it can be delivered safely to the airway by inhalation. Here, we explore the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of inhaled ethanol in a phase I clinical trial. Methods The study was conducted as a single-centre, open-label clinical trial in 18 healthy adult volunteers, six with no significant medical comorbidities, four with stable asthma, four with stable cystic fibrosis, and four active smokers. A dose-escalating design was used, with participants receiving three dosing cycles of 40, 60%, and then 80% ethanol v/v in water, 2 h apart, in a single visit. Ethanol was nebulised using a standard jet nebuliser, delivered through a novel closed-circuit reservoir system, and inhaled nasally for 10 min, then orally for 30 min. Safety assessments included adverse events and vital sign monitoring, blood alcohol concentrations, clinical examination, spirometry, electrocardiogram, and blood tests. Results No serious adverse events were recorded. The maximum blood alcohol concentration observed was 0.011% immediately following 80% ethanol dosing. Breath alcohol concentrations were high (median 0.26%) following dosing suggesting high tissue levels were achieved. Small transient increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and blood neutrophil levels were observed, with these normalising after dosing, with no other significant safety concerns. Of 18 participants, 15 completed all dosing cycles with three not completing all cycles due to tolerability. The closed-circuit reservoir system significantly reduced fugitive aerosol loss during dosing. Conclusion These data support the safety of inhaled ethanol at concentrations up to 80%, supporting its further investigation as a treatment for respiratory infections.Clinical trial registration: identifier ACTRN12621000067875.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Hancock
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - William Ditcham
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Eleanor Ferguson
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yuliya V. Karpievitch
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Stick
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Grant W. Waterer
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Barry S. Clements
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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11
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Qiao NN, Fang Q, Zhang XH, Ke SS, Wang ZW, Tang G, Leng RX, Fan YG. Effects of alcohol on the composition and metabolism of the intestinal microbiota among people with HIV: a cross-sectional study. Alcohol 2024:S0741-8329(24)00019-3. [PMID: 38387693 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcohol consumption is not uncommon among people with HIV (PWH) and may exacerbate HIV-induced intestinal damage, and further lead to dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability. This study aimed to determine the changes in the faecal microbiota and its association with alcohol consumption in HIV-infected patients. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 2021 and May 2022, and 93 participants were recruited. To investigate the alterations of alcohol misuse on fecal microbiology in HIV-infected individuals, we performed 16s rDNA gene sequencing on fecal samples from the low to moderate drinking (n=21) and non-drinking (n=72) groups. RESULTS Comparison between groups using alpha and beta diversity showed that the diversity of stool microbiota in the low to moderate drinkinge group did not differ from that of the non-drinking group (all P>0.05). The Linear discriminant Analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm was to determine the bacterial taxa associated with alcohol consumption, and the results showed altered fecal bacterial composition in HIV-infected patients who consumed alcohol, with Coprobacillus, Pseudobutyrivibrio and Peptostreptococcaceae enriched, and Pasteurellaceae and Xanthomonadaceae were depleted. In addition, by using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional microbiome features were also found to be altered in the low to moderate drinking group, showing a reduction in metabolic pathways (P=0.036) and cardiovascular disease pathway (P=0.006). CONCLUSION Low to moderate drinking will change the composition, metabolism and cardiovascular disease pathway of the gut microbiota of HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Ni Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Su Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China.
| | - Yin-Guang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China.
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12
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Legaz I, Navarro-Noguera E, Collados-Ros A, Bolarín JM, Muro M. Biomarkers of Innate Immunity and Immunological Susceptibility to Viral Infection in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:336. [PMID: 38397937 PMCID: PMC10887413 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The harmful effect of alcohol on the immune system may be due to both a direct action of the alcohol or its metabolites on immune cells as an indirect action modifying the different mechanisms of intercellular interaction. The interplay between stimulatory (aKIR) and inhibitory (iKIR) natural killer (NK) cell receptors and their corresponding human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands influences the outcome of virus infection. The aim was to analyze the influence of the KIR/HLA pair genetic profile in male alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) patients with and without viral infections to find susceptibility biomarkers that can help establish the risks and prevent viral infections. METHODS A total of 281 male AC patients were analyzed. The sociodemographic characteristics, viral hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted, and genetic the KIR/HLA profiles were investigated. A total of 6 KIR genes and their corresponding ligands (HLA-C) were analyzed. Patients were grouped into two groups: with and without associated viral infection. RESULTS A statistically significant increase in the combination of KIR2DL2+/C1C1 was observed in male AC patients with viral infection compared to those without viral infection (45.9% vs. 24.5%, p = 0.021). The analysis of KIR2DL3+/C1+ showed a high frequency comparing healthy controls and male AC patients without virus infection (85% vs. 76.4%; p = 0.026). The analysis of KIR2DL3+/C2C2 frequency showed a statistically significant increase comparing male AC patients without viral infection and healthy controls (23.6% vs. 15%; p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS The genetic KIR2DL2+/C2C2 profiles may play a significant role in determining the vulnerability of male AC patients to viral infections, providing valuable insights for future research and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia (UMU), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-Noguera
- Digestive Medicine Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelia Collados-Ros
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia (UMU), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Bolarín
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia (UMU), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Muro
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”—IMIB, 30120 Murcia, Spain
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13
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Monnig MA, Negash S. Immune biomarkers in non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers who used a probiotic supplement for 30 days: An open-label pilot study. Alcohol 2024; 114:43-50. [PMID: 37604322 PMCID: PMC10875145 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with significant psychological and economic burdens, as well as physical comorbidities that can lead to death. Previous research has found that probiotics may reduce inflammatory biomarkers in persons with AUD and comorbid conditions such as cirrhosis of the liver. This relationship has not been explored in heavy drinkers without comorbid conditions. In a proof-of-concept study, individuals who were heavy drinkers without known comorbidities received a 30-day course of a daily probiotic supplement in an open-label pilot trial. Eligible participants (N = 16) met NIAAA guidelines for heavy alcohol use and did not report any preexisting medical problems. Blood samples were taken at four timepoints: prior to the probiotic course, at the midpoint, at the end, and after a washout period of at least one month. Immunoassays were conducted on plasma samples to quantify the following inflammatory biomarkers: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, LBP, MCP-1, sCD14, sCD163, and TNF-α. Linear mixed models were used to test within-subjects changes in biomarker concentrations over the study period, with alcohol use included as a time-varying covariate. Biomarker concentrations did not change significantly. A higher number of heavy drinking days was statistically associated with higher concentrations of IL-6 (F(1,8) = 6.66, p = 0.0326) and IL-8 (F(1,17) = 6.38, p = 0.0218). Greater days since last drink was associated with a lower concentration of MCP-1 (F(1,17) = 5.77, p = 0.028). In summary, biomarker trajectories were associated with alcohol consumption variables, but not probiotic use, in this open-label pilot study. Randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate fully the potential benefits of probiotics in heavy drinkers without known comorbidities and under conditions of non-abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollie A Monnig
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
| | - Seraphina Negash
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
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14
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Vigorito M, Chang SL. Alcohol use and the pain system. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2024; 4:12005. [PMID: 38389900 PMCID: PMC10880763 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2024.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization's epidemiological data from 2016 revealed that while 57% of the global population aged 15 years or older had abstained from drinking alcohol in the previous year, more than half of the population in the Americas, Europe, and Western Pacific consumed alcohol. The spectrum of alcohol use behavior is broad: low-risk use (sensible and in moderation), at-risk use (e.g., binge drinking), harmful use (misuse) and dependence (alcoholism; addiction; alcohol use disorder). The at-risk use and misuse of alcohol is associated with the transition to dependence, as well as many damaging health outcomes and preventable causes of premature death. Recent conceptualizations of alcohol dependence posit that the subjective experience of pain may be a significant contributing factor in the transition across the spectrum of alcohol use behavior. This narrative review summarizes the effects of alcohol at all levels of the pain system. The pain system includes nociceptors as sensory indicators of potentially dangerous stimuli and tissue damage (nociception), spinal circuits mediating defensive reflexes, and most importantly, the supraspinal circuits mediating nocifensive behaviors and the perception of pain. Although the functional importance of pain is to protect from injury and further or future damage, chronic pain may emerge despite the recovery from, and absence of, biological damage (i.e., in the absence of nociception). Like other biological perceptual systems, pain is a construction contingent on sensory information and a history of individual experiences (i.e., learning and memory). Neuroadaptations and brain plasticity underlying learning and memory and other basic physiological functions can also result in pathological conditions such as chronic pain and addiction. Moreover, the negative affective/emotional aspect of pain perception provides embodied and motivational components that may play a substantial role in the transition from alcohol use to dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vigorito
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
| | - Sulie L Chang
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
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15
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Magalhães VCR, Colombo SA, Peres NTA, Moura AS, Lyon AC, Lyon S, Dutra MRT, Fereguetti TO, Andrade VA, Azevedo MI, Santos DA. Clinical factors associated with systemic sporotrichosis in Brazil. Mycoses 2024; 67:e13656. [PMID: 37743555 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sporotrichosis occurs when organs, other than subcutaneous tissues and lymph nodes, are infected. Interestingly, systemic sporotrichosis in apparently immunocompetent individuals is increasing in Brazil, but data on clinical manifestations and risk factors are scarce. Most of the existing data on such condition relate to people living with HIV. We aimed to study the risk factors associated with systemic sporotrichosis among HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study with 80 patients from Brazil, diagnosed between 2014 and 2021. The association between disease classification, clinical presentation and risk factors were analysed by logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 80 patients, 29 (36.3%) presented with systemic sporotrichosis. All HIV-positive patients developed the systemic form, with increased mortality (p = .002). Alcohol ingestion (p = .009) and diabetes (p = .010) were associated with systemic disease. Alcohol ingestion seemed to favour pulmonary infection (p = .013) and, diabetes favoured osteoarticular (p = .009) and ocular involvement (p = .033). The occurrence of fever (p = .001) and weight loss (p = .006) were significantly associated with systemic sporotrichosis, while meningeal involvement (p = .001) increased mortality risk. Nine (11.3%) patients died from sporotrichosis. The presence of fungal structures in the mycological examination of the patients' lesions were associated with the systemic form (p = .017) and death (p = .002). CONCLUSION Our study points to the factors that drive systemic sporotrichosis other than HIV, such as alcohol ingestion and diabetes. Considering the high number of patients presenting severe sporotrichosis, the recognising these factors may contribute to timely diagnosis and proper treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C R Magalhães
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Salene A Colombo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nalu T A Peres
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S Moura
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana C Lyon
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sandra Lyon
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria R T Dutra
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiani O Fereguetti
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virginia A Andrade
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria I Azevedo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Yu CW, Chen CH, Cheng YC, Hsieh WC, Hsu TJ, Tsai FJ, Hsu CY. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with greater herpes zoster risk than alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:550. [PMID: 38042817 PMCID: PMC10693036 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease-related stress can trigger the occurrence of herpes zoster (HZ). Fatty liver disease (FLD) can have adverse effects on the human body and may induce stress in affected individuals. In this study, we investigated whether FLD is associated with an elevated risk of HZ. METHODS For this study, we utilized data from the National Health Insurance Research Database, patients with FLD from 2000 to 2017 were observed (follow-up until 2018). Patients were considered to have FLD if they had at least two outpatient visits or at least one admission record with a diagnostic code of FLD. Patients with FLD were matched 1:1 by age, sex, comorbidities, and index year with control patients. Additionally, the FLD was further categorized into non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) groups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the incidence rate and adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of HZ for FLD and AFLD and for various age groups, sex and comorbidities. Cumulative incidence curve for HZ was plotted through the Kaplan-Meier method, and p-value was calculated using the log-rank test. RESULTS After 1:1 propensity-score matching, each cohort comprised 62,418 patients. The FLD cohort was further divided into NAFLD and AFLD groups, which respectively comprised 55,709 and 6709 patients. The FLD cohort had a risk of HZ significantly higher than that of the control cohort (aHR = 1.06; p < 0.001). Additionally, the NAFLD group exhibited a significantly higher risk of HZ than did the AFLD group (aHR = 1.22; p < 0.001). Among patients without any comorbidities, those with FLD had a higher risk of HZ than did those without FLD (aHR = 1.14; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with FLD are at an increased risk of HZ development. Additionally, NAFLD is associated with a higher risk of HZ than AFLD. Therefore, patients with NAFLD should be informed of their increased risk of HZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, 600, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Medical Education, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, 600, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, 600, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Medical Education, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, 600, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, 600, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Che Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, 600, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ju Hsu
- Management Office for Health Data, Clinical Trial Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Hsu
- Department of Medical Education, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, 600, Taiwan.
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare Management, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology 406, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 406, Taiwan.
- Center for General Education, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Department of General Education, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, 411, Taiwan.
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Mullish BH, Tohumcu E, Porcari S, Fiorani M, Di Tommaso N, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ponziani FR, Ianiro G. The role of faecal microbiota transplantation in chronic noncommunicable disorders. J Autoimmun 2023; 141:103034. [PMID: 37087392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a key role in influencing several pathways and functions involved in human health, including metabolism, protection against infection, and immune regulation. Perturbation of the gut microbiome is recognised as a pathogenic factor in several gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders, and is increasingly considered as a therapeutic target in these conditions. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the transfer of the microbiota from healthy screened stool donors into the gut of affected patients, and is a well-established and highly effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Despite the mechanisms of efficacy of FMT not being fully understood, it has been investigated in several chronic noncommunicable disorders, with variable results. This review aims to give an overview of mechanisms of efficacy of FMT in chronic noncommunicable disorders, and to paint the current landscape of its investigation in these medical conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic liver disorders, and also extraintestinal autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK; Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ege Tohumcu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Porcari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Fiorani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Tommaso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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18
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Kelly MR, Emerson DM, McDermott BP, Atkins WC, Butts CL, Laursen RM, Troyanos C, Duckett A, Siedlik J. Gastrointestinal cell injury and perceived symptoms after running the Boston Marathon. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1268306. [PMID: 37908334 PMCID: PMC10615131 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1268306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are a prevalent cause of marathon related complaints, and in extreme cases can promote life-threatening conditions such as exertional heat stroke. Our aim was to study intestinal cell injury [via intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)] and perceived GI distress symptoms among marathon runners. We also examined potential risk factors (e.g., inadequate sleep) that could exacerbate GI disturbances in healthy, trained endurance runners. This was a parallel mixed-methods study design. 2019 Boston Marathon participants were recruited via email and subjects completed surveys before the race describing demographics and training history. Participants completed a GI questionnaire to assess presence and severity of symptoms, a survey regarding risk factors (e.g., recent illness, medications) that could promote GI disturbances, and provided a urine sample at three time points (immediately pre-race, post-race, and 24-h post-race). Due to weather, blood samples were only collected immediately and 24-h post-race. A total of 40 runners (males: n = 19, age = 44.9 ± 10.8 years; females: n = 21, age = 44.8 ± 10.6 years) completed this study. I-FABP significantly decreased from post-race (3367.5 ± 2633.5 pg/mL) to 24-h post-race (1657.3 ± 950.7 pg/mL, t (39) = -4.228, p < .001, d = -.669). There was a significant difference in overall GI symptom scores across the three time points (F (2, 39) = 41.37, p < .001). The highest average score occurred post-race (.84 ± .68), compared to pre-race (.09 ± .12) and 24-h post-race (.44 ± .28). Post-race I-FABP (r = .31, p = .048) and post-race urine specific gravity (r = .33, p = .041) were significantly correlated with post-race GI symptom scores. Our study provides further support to the individualized nature of GI disturbances, with participants experiencing a wide range of risk factors that can influence the extent of GI damage and perceived symptoms during and after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani R. Kelly
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Exercise Science and Outdoor Recreation, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, United States
| | - Dawn M. Emerson
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Brendon P. McDermott
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Whitley C. Atkins
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Cory L. Butts
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, United States
| | - R. Mark Laursen
- Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Andrew Duckett
- Department of Athletics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob Siedlik
- Department of Exercise Science and Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
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19
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Bramness JG, Pandey S, Moe JS, Toft H, Lien L, Walby FA, Myhre MØ, Bolstad I. Levels of IL-6 are Associated with Lifetime Attempted Suicide in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2141-2148. [PMID: 37849526 PMCID: PMC10578180 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s413101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have an increased risk of suicide. Neuroimmunological measures, such as cytokines, are shown to deviate in people with attempted suicide. Few studies have investigated this among AUD patients. Patients and Methods One-hundred and fourteen patients undergoing residential treatment for AUD were interviewed on lifetime suicide attempts (SA) along with several other background variables and clinical characteristics. Serum blood samples were drawn for analysis of cytokines. Results Thirty-one patients (27%) reported at least one SA. These patients had more symptoms of current affective disorders and more severe dependence. In bivariate analysis only IL-6 and IL-10 appeared to be associated with lifetime SA but without reaching statistical significance. In multivariate linear regression, adjusting for sex, nicotine use, somatic illness, and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, IL-6 was associated to SA (p = 0.033). Conclusion The cytokine IL-6 has repeatedly been found to be associated with suicidality. The present study concurs with this role of IL-6 in a naturalistic observational study of AUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen G Bramness
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Susmita Pandey
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Jenny Skumsnes Moe
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Helge Toft
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Lars Lien
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Fredrik A Walby
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Øverlien Myhre
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Bolstad
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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20
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Rasheed WS, Sarkees AN. IgG level of the third booster dose for mRNA of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among Iraqi healthcare workers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35444. [PMID: 37800839 PMCID: PMC10553022 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass vaccination is an effective method for controlling the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and limiting the consequent mortality due to severe COVID-19. After the second dose, immunity can decline in certain cases over time; therefore, a third booster dose should be administered. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the immunogenicity of the third dose of the messenger ribonucleic acid BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and determine the effect of the third booster dose of messenger ribonucleic acid COVID-19 vaccines, specifically (Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine/AZD1222), BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, and Sinopharm among healthcare workers. This longitudinal panel design was conducted with 256 healthcare workers in Duhok Province, Iraq, from June to October 2022. Most participants had a normal body mass index (44% and 41% in the first and second phase, respectively). In the first phase, significant associations were observed between COVID-19 vaccines and positivity (P value ≤ .001), and between age groups and positivity (P value = .001). The mean severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-spike receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G antibody level in the ninth month was the highest among those who had received the Pfizer vaccine (6.7930), followed by AstraZeneca (2.8492), and Sinopharm (0.3060). In the 12th month, all 82 participants received Pfizer as a booster dose, and the highest mean SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G antibody in the 12th month belonged to those whose second dose was Pfizer (46.8835), followed by AstraZeneca (36.4635), and Sinopharm (21.7815). The Pfizer vaccine is highly effective in restoring SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses and is well-tolerated. However, further investigation is required to determine the duration of disease protection of the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed S Rasheed
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Technology, Duhok Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Alaa Noori Sarkees
- Department of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Technology, Duhok Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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21
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Khil J, Kim S, Lee M, Gil H, Kang SS, Lee DH, Kwon Y, Keum N. AHR rs4410790 genotype and IgG levels: Effect modification by lifestyle factors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290700. [PMID: 37782632 PMCID: PMC10545101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a multifaceted marker resulting from complex interactions between genetic and lifestyle factors. Emerging evidence suggests Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) protein may be implicated in the regulation of immune system and inflammatory responses. To investigate whether rs4410790 genotype (TT, TC, CC) near AHR gene is related to serum IgG levels, a marker of chronic inflammation, and whether lifestyle factors modifies the relationship, we conducted a cross-sectional study by recruiting 168 Korean adults. Participants responded to a lifestyle questionnaire and provided oral epithelial cells and blood samples for biomarker assessment. Among these participants, C allele was the minor allele, with the minor allele frequency of 40%. The rs4410790 TT genotype was significantly associated with elevated IgG levels compared with TC/CC genotypes, after adjusting for potential confounders (p = 0.04). The relationship varied significantly by levels of alcohol consumption (P interaction = 0.046) and overweight/obese status (P interaction = 0.02), but not by smoking status (P interaction = 0.64) and coffee consumption (P interaction = 0.55). Specifically, higher IgG levels associated with the TT genotype were evident in frequent drinkers and individuals with BMI≥23kg/m2, but not in their counterparts. Thus, rs4410790 genotype may be associated with IgG levels and the genetic predisposition to higher IgG levels may be mitigated by healthy lifestyle factors like infrequent drinking and healthy weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Khil
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minhyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonmin Gil
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngeun Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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22
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Gu P, Pu B, Liu T, Yue D, Xin Q, Li HS, Yang BL, Ke DZ, Zheng XH, Zeng ZP, Zhang ZQ. Appraising causal risk and protective factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:601-614. [PMID: 37732818 PMCID: PMC10512867 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.129.bjr-2023-0118.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Mendelian randomization (MR) is considered to overcome the bias of observational studies, but there is no current meta-analysis of MR studies on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to summarize the relationship between potential pathogenic factors and RA risk based on existing MR studies. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for MR studies on influencing factors in relation to RA up to October 2022. Meta-analyses of MR studies assessing correlations between various potential pathogenic factors and RA were conducted. Random-effect and fixed-effect models were used to synthesize the odds ratios of various pathogenic factors and RA. The quality of the study was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology using Mendelian Randomization (STROBE-MR) guidelines. Results A total of 517 potentially relevant articles were screened, 35 studies were included in the systematic review, and 19 studies were eligible to be included in the meta-analysis. Pooled estimates of 19 included studies (causality between 15 different risk factors and RA) revealed that obesity, smoking, coffee intake, lower education attainment, and Graves' disease (GD) were related to the increased risk of RA. In contrast, the causality contribution from serum mineral levels (calcium, iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, selenium), alcohol intake, and chronic periodontitis to RA is not significant. Conclusion Obesity, smoking, education attainment, and GD have real causal effects on the occurrence and development of RA. These results may provide insights into the genetic susceptibility and potential biological pathways of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Pu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Yue
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiao Xin
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Shan Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bai-Lin Yang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dao-Ze Ke
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Lewis SA, Doratt BM, Qiao Q, Blanton M, Grant KA, Messaoudi I. Integrated single cell analysis shows chronic alcohol drinking disrupts monocyte differentiation in the bone marrow. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1884-1897. [PMID: 37657446 PMCID: PMC10545484 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heavy alcohol drinking (CHD) rewires monocytes and macrophages toward heightened inflammatory states with compromised antimicrobial defenses that persist after 1-month abstinence. To determine whether these changes are mediated through alterations in the bone marrow niche, we profiled monocytes and hematopoietic stem cell progenitors (HSCPs) from CHD rhesus macaques using a combination of functional assays and single cell genomics. CHD resulted in transcriptional profiles consistent with increased activation and inflammation within bone marrow resident monocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, CHD resulted in transcriptional signatures associated with increased oxidative and cellular stress in HSCP. Differentiation of HSCP in vitro revealed skewing toward monocytes expressing "neutrophil-like" markers with greater inflammatory responses to bacterial agonists. Further analyses of HSCPs showed broad epigenetic changes that were in line with exacerbated inflammatory responses within monocytes and their progenitors. In summary, CHD alters HSCPs in the bone marrow leading to the production of monocytes poised to generate dysregulated hyper-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sloan A Lewis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Brianna M Doratt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Madison Blanton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kathleen A Grant
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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24
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Antwi I, Watkins D, Pedawi A, Ghrayeb A, Van de Vuurst C, Cory TJ. Substances of abuse and their effect on SAR-CoV-2 pathogenesis. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2023; 2:301-316. [PMID: 38013836 PMCID: PMC10474379 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2023-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, various reports suggest that there has been a significant increase in substance abuse due to social distancing and related issues. Several reports have suggested the impact of chronic substance use on individuals' physiological and psychological health. Therefore, there is a need to know the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on persons with substance use disorders. Individuals with substance use disorders are the most vulnerable groups and are at a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their already existing health issues associated with substance use. This review discusses some of the molecular and systemic/organic effects chronic substance use such as alcohol, nicotine, marijuana (cannabis), opioids, methamphetamine, and cocaine have on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and its potential cause for worsened disease outcomes in persons with substance use disorder. This will provide healthcare providers, public health policies, and researchers with the needed knowledge to address some of the many challenges faced during the Covid-19 pandemic to facilitate treatment strategies for persons with substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Antwi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Destiny Watkins
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alahn Pedawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Atheel Ghrayeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christine Van de Vuurst
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Theodore J. Cory
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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25
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Testino G, Pellicano R. COVID-19 and alcohol consumption: recommendations in the Omicron era. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2023; 69:423-432. [PMID: 35511656 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.22.03194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the early stages of the pandemic, the first reports began that alcohol consumption could increase the risk of becoming infected and worsening the prognosis disease. This is for two reasons: behavioral and socio-economic factors that characterize a part of this population can be the cause of viral spread and a direct or indirect negative action of ethanol on the immune system. The data used for the preparation of these recommendations are based on a detailed analysis of the scientific literature published before March 31, 2022 (Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar). Furthermore, in the process of developing this work, we consulted the guidelines/position papers of the Italian Society on Alcohol and of the World Health Organization. It has been confirmed that AC is in COVID-19 era a risky behavior and that AUD and substance use disorder (SUD) patients are certainly at greater risk of contracting infection and also of having a worse course. In light of what has been said, some recommendations can be made: correctly inform the general population that AC negatively interacts with COVID-19 infection; reducing the COVID-19 risk by advocating healthy lifestyle habits (smoke, diet, physical exercise, etc.) and preferential policies in population with comorbidities; implement actions that reduce the average consumption of alcohol by avoiding hazardous/harmful consumption. Abstention is better; identify alcohol consumption through a more in-depth alcohol history, using the AUDIT; AUDs patients are frail patients deserving a complete vaccination course; suggest a period of alcoholic abstention of at least thirty days before vaccination to be maintained for the following fifteen days; promoting health education campaigns for young people in order to promote vaccination culture and correct lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology/Alcohological Regional Centre, ASL3 c/o San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy -
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26
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Shalchi-Amirkhiz P, Bensch T, Proschmann U, Stock AK, Ziemssen T, Akgün K. Pilot study on the influence of acute alcohol exposure on biophysical parameters of leukocytes. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1243155. [PMID: 37614440 PMCID: PMC10442941 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1243155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This pilot study explores the influence of acute alcohol exposure on cell mechanical properties of steady-state and activated leukocytes conducted with real-time deformability cytometry. Methods: Nineteen healthy male volunteers were enrolled to investigate the effect of binge drinking on biophysical properties and cell counts of peripheral blood leukocytes. Each participant consumed an individualized amount of alcohol to achieve a blood alcohol concentration of 1.2 ‰ as a mean peak. In addition, we also incubated whole blood samples from healthy donors with various ethanol concentrations and performed stimulation experiments using lipopolysaccharide and CytoStim™ in the presence of ethanol. Results: Our findings indicate that the biophysical properties of steady-state leukocytes are not significantly affected by a single episode of binge drinking within the first two hours. However, we observed significant alterations in relative cell counts and a shift toward a memory T cell phenotype. Moreover, exposure to ethanol during stimulation appears to inhibit the cytoskeleton reorganization of monocytes, as evidenced by a hindered increase in cell deformability. Conclusion: Our observations indicate the promising potential of cell mechanical analysis in understanding the influence of ethanol on immune cell functions. Nevertheless, additional investigations in this field are warranted to validate biophysical properties as biomarkers or prognostic indicators for alcohol-related changes in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puya Shalchi-Amirkhiz
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tristan Bensch
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Undine Proschmann
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, School of Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Akgün
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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27
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Fazia T, Baldrighi GN, Nova A, Bernardinelli L. A systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies on multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3172-3194. [PMID: 37463755 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful approach for assessing the causal effect of putative risk factors on an outcome, using genetic variants as instrumental variables. The methodology and application developed in the framework of MR have been dramatically improved, taking advantage of the many public genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The availability of summary-level data allowed to perform numerous MR studies especially for complex diseases, pinpointing modifiable exposures causally related to increased or decreased disease risk. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex multifactorial disease whose aetiology involves both genetic and non-genetic risk factors and their interplay. Previous observational studies have revealed associations between candidate modifiable exposures and MS risk; although being prone to confounding, and reverse causation, these studies were unable to draw causal conclusions. MR analysis addresses the limitations of observational studies and allows to establish reliable and accurate causal conclusions. Here, we systematically reviewed the studies evaluating the causal effect, through MR, of genetic and non-genetic exposures on MS risk. Among 107 papers found, only 42 were eligible for final evaluation and qualitative synthesis. We found that, above all, low vitamin D levels and high adult body mass index (BMI) appear to be uncontested risk factors for increased MS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fazia
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Nova
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Bernardinelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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28
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Markoulli M, Ahmad S, Arcot J, Arita R, Benitez-Del-Castillo J, Caffery B, Downie LE, Edwards K, Flanagan J, Labetoulle M, Misra SL, Mrugacz M, Singh S, Sheppard J, Vehof J, Versura P, Willcox MDP, Ziemanski J, Wolffsohn JS. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of nutrition on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:226-271. [PMID: 37100346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients, required by human bodies to perform life-sustaining functions, are obtained from the diet. They are broadly classified into macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and water. All nutrients serve as a source of energy, provide structural support to the body and/or regulate the chemical processes of the body. Food and drinks also consist of non-nutrients that may be beneficial (e.g., antioxidants) or harmful (e.g., dyes or preservatives added to processed foods) to the body and the ocular surface. There is also a complex interplay between systemic disorders and an individual's nutritional status. Changes in the gut microbiome may lead to alterations at the ocular surface. Poor nutrition may exacerbate select systemic conditions. Similarly, certain systemic conditions may affect the uptake, processing and distribution of nutrients by the body. These disorders may lead to deficiencies in micro- and macro-nutrients that are important in maintaining ocular surface health. Medications used to treat these conditions may also cause ocular surface changes. The prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases is climbing worldwide. This report sought to review the evidence supporting the impact of nutrition on the ocular surface, either directly or as a consequence of the chronic diseases that result. To address a key question, a systematic review investigated the effects of intentional food restriction on ocular surface health; of the 25 included studies, most investigated Ramadan fasting (56%), followed by bariatric surgery (16%), anorexia nervosa (16%), but none were judged to be of high quality, with no randomized-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sumayya Ahmad
- Icahn School of Medicine of Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jayashree Arcot
- Food and Health, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Reiko Arita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Itoh Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Edwards
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Flanagan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Vision CRC, USA
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Bicêtre, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; IDMIT (CEA-Paris Saclay-Inserm U1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stuti L Misra
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Sumeer Singh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Sheppard
- Virginia Eye Consultants, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Piera Versura
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Analysis - Translation Research Laboratory, Ophthalmology Unit, DIMEC Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy; IRCCS AOU di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jillian Ziemanski
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Giada A, Giulia G, Paola S, Silvia F. Characterization of prokineticin system in Crohn's disease pathophysiology and pain, and its modulation by alcohol abuse: A preclinical study. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166791. [PMID: 37336367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease-(CD) pathogenesis is still unknown and chronic pain is a frequent symptom in CD-patients. Identifying novel therapeutic targets and predisposing factors is a primary goal. In this regard, prokineticin system-(PKS) appears a promising target. AIMS AND METHODS TNBS-model was used. DAI, abdominal and visceral pain, and muscle strength were monitored. CD-mice were sacrificed at two times (day 7 and 14 after TNBS) in order to identify PKS involvement in CD pathophysiology and pain. PKS characterization was performed in mesenteric lymph nodes-(MLN), colon, myenteric plexus-(MP), dorsal root ganglia-(DRGs) and spinal cord-(SC). Inflammation/neuroinflammation was also assessed in the same tissues. In order to evaluate alcohol abuse as a possible trigger for CD and its effect on PKS activation, naïve mice were administered (oral-gavage) with ethanol for 10 consecutive days. PKS as well as inflammation/neuroinflammation were evaluated in MLN, colon and MP. RESULTS TNBS treated-mice showed a rapid increase in DAI, abdominal/visceral hypersensitivity and a progressive strength loss. In all tissue analysed of CD-mice, a quick and significant increase of mRNA of PKs and PKRs was observed, associated with an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα) and macrophage/glia markers (iba1, CD11b and GFAP) levels. In alcohol abuse model, ethanol induced in colon and MP a significant PKS activation accompanied by inflammation/neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS We can assume that PKS may be involved in CD development and pain. Furthermore, alcohol appears to activate PKS and may be a trigger factor for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amodeo Giada
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.
| | - Galimberti Giulia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Sacerdote Paola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Franchi Silvia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
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30
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Kim A, Ortega-Ribera M, McMullen MR, Bellar A, Taiwo M, Pathak V, Streem D, Dasarathy J, Welch N, Dasarathy S, Vachharajani V, Nagy LE. Altered Anti-Viral Immune Responses in Monocytes in Overweight Heavy Drinkers. iScience 2023; 26:107133. [PMID: 37361874 PMCID: PMC10268809 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse causes increased susceptibility to respiratory syndromes like bacterial pneumonia and viral infections like SARS-CoV-2. Heavy drinkers (HD) are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 if they are also overweight, yet the molecular mechanisms are unexplored. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from lean or overweight HD and healthy controls (HC) after challenge with a dsRNA homopolymer (PolyI:C) to mimic a viral infection and/or with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). All monocyte populations responded to both PolyI:C and LPS with pro-inflammatory gene expression. However, expression of interferon stimulated genes, essential for inhibiting viral pathogenesis, was greatly reduced in overweight patients. Interestingly, the number of upregulated genes in response to PolyI:C challenge was far greater in monocytes from HD compared to HC, including much stronger pro-inflammatory cytokine and interferon-γ signaling responses. These results suggest increased body weight reduced anti-viral responses while heavy drinking increased pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kim
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Martí Ortega-Ribera
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Megan R McMullen
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Annette Bellar
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Moyinoluwa Taiwo
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Vai Pathak
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - David Streem
- - Lutheran Hospital, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Nicole Welch
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Critical Care Medicine Cleveland Clinic Respiratory Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Laura E Nagy
- - Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- - Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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31
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Maccioni L, Fu Y, Horsmans Y, Leclercq I, Stärkel P, Kunos G, Gao B. Alcohol-associated bowel disease: new insights into pathogenesis. EGASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 1:e100013. [PMID: 37662449 PMCID: PMC10472976 DOI: 10.1136/egastro-2023-100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol drinking can cause pathological changes including carcinogenesis in the digestive tract from mouth to large intestine, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the effects of alcohol on small and large intestinal functions, such as leaky gut, dysbiosis and alterations of intestinal epithelium and gut immune dysfunctions, commonly referred to as alcohol-associated bowel disease (ABD). To date, detailed mechanistic insights into ABD are lacking. Accumulating evidence suggests a pathogenic role of ethanol metabolism in dysfunctions of the intestinal tract. Ethanol metabolism generates acetaldehyde and acetate, which could potentially promote functional disruptions of microbial and host components of the intestinal barrier along the gastrointestinal tract. The potential involvement of acetaldehyde and acetate in the pathogenesis of the underlying ABD, including cancer, is discussed. We also highlight some gaps in knowledge existing in the field of ABD. Finally, we discuss future directions in exploring the role of acetaldehyde and acetate generated during chronic alcohol intake in various pathologies affecting different sites of the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maccioni
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaojie Fu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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32
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Rodimova S, Mozherov A, Elagin V, Karabut M, Shchechkin I, Kozlov D, Krylov D, Gavrina A, Bobrov N, Zagainov V, Zagaynova E, Kuznetsova D. Label-Free Imaging Techniques to Evaluate Metabolic Changes Caused by Toxic Liver Injury in PCLS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119195. [PMID: 37298155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abuse with hepatotoxic agents is a major cause of acute liver failure. The search for new criteria indicating the acute or chronic pathological processes is still a challenging issue that requires the selection of effective tools and research models. Multiphoton microscopy with second harmonic generation (SHG) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are modern label-free methods of optical biomedical imaging for assessing the metabolic state of hepatocytes, therefore reflecting the functional state of the liver tissue. The aim of this work was to identify characteristic changes in the metabolic state of hepatocytes in precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) under toxic damage by some of the most common toxins: ethanol, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and acetaminophen (APAP), commonly known as paracetamol. We have determined characteristic optical criteria for toxic liver damage, and these turn out to be specific for each toxic agent, reflecting the underlying pathological mechanisms of toxicity. The results obtained are consistent with standard methods of molecular and morphological analysis. Thus, our approach, based on optical biomedical imaging, is effective for intravital monitoring of the state of liver tissue in the case of toxic damage or even in cases of acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rodimova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Artem Mozherov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vadim Elagin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Karabut
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ilya Shchechkin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kozlov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Krylov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alena Gavrina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Nikolai Bobrov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- The Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 14 Ilinskaya St., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zagainov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncologic Dispensary, Delovaya St., 11/1, 603126 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daria Kuznetsova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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33
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Rodimova S, Mozherov A, Elagin V, Karabut M, Shchechkin I, Kozlov D, Krylov D, Gavrina A, Bobrov N, Zagainov V, Zagaynova E, Kuznetsova D. Effect of Hepatic Pathology on Liver Regeneration: The Main Metabolic Mechanisms Causing Impaired Hepatic Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119112. [PMID: 37298064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration has been studied for many decades, and the mechanisms underlying regeneration of normal liver following resection are well described. However, no less relevant is the study of mechanisms that disrupt the process of liver regeneration. First of all, a violation of liver regeneration can occur in the presence of concomitant hepatic pathology, which is a key factor reducing the liver's regenerative potential. Understanding these mechanisms could enable the rational targeting of specific therapies to either reduce the factors inhibiting regeneration or to directly stimulate liver regeneration. This review describes the known mechanisms of normal liver regeneration and factors that reduce its regenerative potential, primarily at the level of hepatocyte metabolism, in the presence of concomitant hepatic pathology. We also briefly discuss promising strategies for stimulating liver regeneration and those concerning methods for assessing the regenerative potential of the liver, especially intraoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rodimova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Artem Mozherov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vadim Elagin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Karabut
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ilya Shchechkin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kozlov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Krylov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alena Gavrina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Nikolai Bobrov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- The Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 14 Ilinskaya St., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zagainov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncologic Dispensary, Delovaya St., 11/1, 603126 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daria Kuznetsova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Pokhrel S, Dilts M, Stahl Z, Boehme S, Frame G, Chiang JY, Ferrell JM. Tgr5-/- mice are protected from ethanol-induced metabolic alterations through enhanced leptin and Fgf21 signaling. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0138. [PMID: 37185802 PMCID: PMC10145946 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is caused by chronic use of alcohol and ranges from hepatic steatosis to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Bile acids are physiological detergents that also regulate hepatic glucose and lipid homeostasis by binding to several receptors. One such receptor, Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), may represent a therapeutic target for ALD. Here, we used a chronic 10-day + binge ethanol-feeding model in mice to study the role of TGR5 in alcohol-induced liver injury. METHODS Female C57BL/6J wild-type mice and Tgr5-/- mice were pair-fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet with ethanol (5% v/v) or isocaloric control diet for 10 days followed by a gavage of 5% ethanol or isocaloric maltose control, respectively, to represent a binge-drinking episode. Tissues were harvested 9 hours following the binge, and metabolic phenotypes were characterized through examination of liver, adipose, and brain mechanistic pathways. RESULTS Tgr5-/- mice were protected from alcohol-induced accumulation of hepatic triglycerides. Interestingly, liver and serum levels of Fgf21 were significantly increased during ethanol feeding in Tgr5-/- mice, as was phosphorylation of Stat3. Parallel to Fgf21 levels, increased leptin gene expression in white adipose tissue and increased leptin receptor in liver were detected in Tgr5-/- mice fed ethanol diet. Adipocyte lipase gene expression was significantly increased in Tgr5-/- mice regardless of diet, whereas adipose browning markers were also increased in ethanol-fed Tgr5-/- mice, indicating potential for enhanced white adipose metabolism. Lastly, hypothalamic mRNA targets of leptin, involved in the regulation of food intake, were significantly increased in Tgr5-/- mice fed ethanol diet. CONCLUSIONS Tgr5-/- mice are protected from ethanol-induced liver damage and lipid accumulation. Alterations in lipid uptake and Fgf21 signaling, and enhanced metabolic activity of white adipose tissue, may mediate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Pokhrel
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Dilts
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Zachary Stahl
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Shannon Boehme
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabrielle Frame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - John Y.L. Chiang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica M. Ferrell
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
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35
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Hwang H, Liu R, Eldridge R, Hu X, Forghani P, Jones DP, Xu C. Chronic ethanol exposure induces mitochondrial dysfunction and alters gene expression and metabolism in human cardiac spheroids. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:643-658. [PMID: 36799338 PMCID: PMC10149610 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption in adults can induce various cardiac toxicities such as arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Prenatal alcohol exposure can increase the risk of developing congenital heart defects among offspring. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying long-term alcohol exposure-induced cardiotoxicity can help guide the development of therapeutic strategies. METHODS Cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) were engineered into cardiac spheroids and treated with clinically relevant concentrations of ethanol (17 and 50 mM) for 5 weeks. The cells were then analyzed for changes in mitochondrial features, transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles, and integrated omics outcomes. RESULTS Following chronic ethanol treatment of hiPSC-CMs, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and respiration and changes in expression of mitochondrial function-related genes were observed. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed changes in various metabolic processes, heart development, response to hypoxia, and extracellular matrix-related activities. Metabolomic analysis revealed dysregulation of energy metabolism and increased metabolites associated with the upregulation of inflammation. Integrated omics analysis further identified functional subclusters and revealed potentially affected pathways associated with cardiac toxicities. CONCLUSION Chronic ethanol treatment of hiPSC-CMs resulted in overall decreased mitochondrial function, increased glycolysis, disrupted fatty acid oxidation, and impaired cardiac structural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ronald Eldridge
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Parvin Forghani
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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36
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Carlson ER, Guerin SP, Nixon K, Fonken LK. The neuroimmune system - Where aging and excess alcohol intersect. Alcohol 2023; 107:153-167. [PMID: 36150610 PMCID: PMC10023388 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
As the percentage of the global population over age 65 grows, and with it a subpopulation of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD), understanding the effect of alcohol on the aged brain is of utmost importance. Neuroinflammation is implicated in both natural aging as well as alcohol use, and its role in alterations to brain morphology and function may be exacerbated in aging individuals who drink alcohol to excess. The neuroimmune response to alcohol in aging is complex. The few studies investigating this issue have reported heightened basal activity and either hypo- or hyper-reactivity to an alcohol challenge. This review of preclinical research will first introduce key players of the immune system, then explore changes in neuroimmune function with aging or alcohol alone, with discussion of vulnerable brain regions, changes in cytokines, and varied reactions of microglia and astrocytes. We will then consider different levels of alcohol exposure, relevant animal models of AUD, and neuroimmune activation by alcohol across the lifespan. By identifying key findings, challenges, and targets for future research, we hope to bring more attention and resources to this underexplored area of inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika R Carlson
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Steven P Guerin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Laura K Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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COVID-19 Vaccination and Alcohol Consumption: Justification of Risks. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020163. [PMID: 36839435 PMCID: PMC9967163 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, pharmaceutical companies and research institutions have been actively working to develop vaccines, and the mass roll-out of vaccinations against COVID-19 began in January 2021. At the same time, during lockdowns, the consumption of alcoholic beverages increased. During the peak of vaccination, consumption remained at high levels around the world, despite the gradual relaxation of quarantine restrictions. Two of the popular queries on search engines were whether it is safe to drink alcohol after vaccination and whether this will affect the effectiveness of vaccines. Over the past two years, many studies have been published suggesting that excessive drinking not only worsens the course of an acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus but can also exacerbate post-COVID-19 syndrome. Despite all sorts of online speculation, there is no specific scientific data on alcohol-induced complications after vaccination in the literature. Most of the published vaccine clinical trials do not include groups of patients with a history of alcohol-use disorders. This review analyzed the well-known and new mechanisms of action of COVID-19 vaccines on the immune system and the effects of alcohol and its metabolites on these mechanisms.
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Salinas-Solis LDJ, Gaytan-Oyarzun JC, Octavio-Aguilar P. Detection of Mitogenic and Genotoxic Effects of the Turkey Tail Medicinal Mushroom (Trametes versicolor, Agaricomycetes) Extracts from Mexico on Human Lymphocyte Cultures. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:33-41. [PMID: 37947062 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by a compromised immune system, characterized by decreased production and diversification of T lymphocytes, such as immunodeficiencies or chronic infections, are becoming increasingly prominent. These diseases lead to increased vulnerability to infections caused by parasites, viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. According to various articles, Trametes versicolor has been used as immunotherapy and cancer treatment due to its polysaccharides, which have shown their value in traditional medicine. However, most of the studies have been done with Asian samples. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of samples of Mexican T. versicolor on human lymphoid cells. Of various extracts, the one with the best T cell proliferative response was the extract produced by maceration in water at room temperature, but all treatments in aqueous and ethanolic extracts increased the lymphocyte count, showing that extracts of Mexican T. versicolor also have compounds that stimulate T cells. Unfortunately, genetic damage expressed as an increment in micronuclei count was identified, so using these fungus extracts in traditional medicine would require careful control of recommended doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letzi de Jesus Salinas-Solis
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Área Académica de Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Gaytan-Oyarzun
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Área Académica de Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Pablo Octavio-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Área Académica de Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mexico
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Ahamad Bustamam MS, Pantami HA, Shaari K, Min CC, Mediani A, Ismail IS. Immunomodulatory effects of Isochrysis galbana incorporated diet on Oreochromis sp. (red hybrid tilapia) via Sera- 1H NMR metabolomics study. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108455. [PMID: 36464078 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia is one of the most common fish species that is intensively produced all over the world. However, significant measures at improving aquaculture health must be taken since disease outbreaks are often encountered in the rapidly developing aquaculture industry. Therefore, the objective of the study was designed to evaluate the metabolite changes in tilapia' sera through 1H NMR metabolomics in identifying the potential biomarkers responsible for immunomodulatory effect by the indigenous species of Malaysian microalgae Isochrysis galbana (IG). The results showed that IG-incorporated diet mainly at 5.0% has improved the immune response of innate immunity as observed in serum bactericidal activity (SBA) and serum lysozyme activity (SLA). The orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) analysis indicated 5 important metabolites significantly upregulated namely as ethanol, lipoprotein, lipid, α-glucose and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) in the 5.0% IG-incorporated diet compared to control. In conclusion, this study had successfully determined IG in improving aquaculture health through its potential use as an immune modulator. This work also demonstrated the effective use of metabolomics approach in the development of alternative nutritious diet from microalgae species to boost fish health in fulfilling the aquaculture's long-term goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safwan Ahamad Bustamam
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamza Ahmed Pantami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.M.B 127, Gombe State University, Nigeria
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chong Chou Min
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Chen C, Wang P, Zhang RD, Fang Y, Jiang LQ, Fang X, Zhao Y, Wang DG, Ni J, Pan HF. Mendelian randomization as a tool to gain insights into the mosaic causes of autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 21:103210. [PMID: 36273526 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a broad range of disorders which are characterized by long-term inflammation and tissue damage arising from an immune response against one's own tissues. It is now widely accepted that the causes of ADs include environmental factors, genetic susceptibility and immune dysregulation. However, the exact etiology of ADs has not been fully elucidated to date. Because observational studies are plagued by confounding factors and reverse causality, no firm conclusions can be drawn about the etiology of ADs. Over the years, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis has come into focus, offering unique perspectives and insights into the etiology of ADs and promising the discovery of potential therapeutic interventions. In MR analysis, genetic variation (alleles are randomly dispensed during meiosis, usually irrespective of environmental or lifestyle factors) is used instead of modifiable exposure to explore the link between exposure factors and disease or other outcomes. Therefore, MR analysis can provide a valuable method for exploring the causal relationship between different risk factors and ADs when its inherent assumptions and limitations are fully considered. This review summarized the recent findings of MR in major ADs, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), focused on the effects of different risk factors on ADs risks. In addition, we also discussed the opportunities and challenges of MR methods in ADs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ruo-Di Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Ling-Qiong Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
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Jubishi D, Okamoto K, Hamada K, Ishii T, Hashimoto H, Shinohara T, Yamashita M, Wakimoto Y, Otani A, Hisasue N, Ikeda M, Harada S, Okugawa S, Moriya K, Yanagimoto S. The association between adverse reactions and immune response against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein after vaccination with BNT162b2 among healthcare workers in a single healthcare system: a prospective observational cohort study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2048559. [PMID: 35333697 PMCID: PMC9115791 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2048559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse reactions after vaccination with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are common; however, the association between adverse reactions and humoral responses is uncertain. To determine whether humoral immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccine administration were associated with local and systemic adverse reactions, we conducted a prospective observational cohort study in a single tertiary referral center. Healthcare workers who received the first dose of BNT162b2 vaccine were recruited. SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody titers were measured three weeks after the second dose and information about adverse reactions after vaccination was collected. Among the 887 participants, 641 (72.3%) were women. The median age was 38 (range, 22–74) years. All but one showed anti-spike IgG levels well above the cutoff, with a median level of 13,600 arbitrary units/mL. Overall, 800 (92.2%) participants reported some reactions after the first dose and 822 (96.3%) after the second dose. Significantly more participants reported systemic reactions after the second dose than after the first dose (P < .01), and 625 (73.6%) reported that reactions were stronger after the second dose. Factors positively associated with elevation of anti-spike IgG levels were history of asthma (24% higher if present, P = .01) and stronger reactions after the second dose (19% higher if experienced, P = .02). The majority of participants showed good humoral responses and reported some adverse reactions after vaccination. Anti-spike IgG levels were significantly higher if adverse reactions after the second dose were stronger than those after the first dose. These findings may help inform current and future vaccine recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Jubishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Okamoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Hamada
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishii
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shinohara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Yamashita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Wakimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amato Otani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hisasue
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahoko Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohei Harada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Okugawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yanagimoto
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Alcohol Screening During US Primary Care Visits, 2014-2016. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:3848-3852. [PMID: 35048299 PMCID: PMC9640516 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-07369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy alcohol use is a significant health issue for the US population. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening adults 18 years or older for unhealthy alcohol use during primary care visits. OBJECTIVES To evaluate alcohol screening among ambulatory visits made by US adult primary care patients and identify characteristics predictive of alcohol screening. DESIGN A series of cross-sectional analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) data collected from 2014 to 2016 was used to examine US primary care providers' use of alcohol screening questionnaires and delivery of counseling on alcohol use. PARTICIPANTS A total of 19,213 visits made by patients aged 18 years or older to a US primary care physician trained in family medicine or internal medicine. MAIN MEASURES Administration of a validated alcohol screening questionnaire and counseling/education on alcohol use. Variation in alcohol screening by patient demographic characteristics, reason for office visit, length of office visit, chronic medical conditions, evaluation by assigned primary care physician, new patient to practice, and region. KEY RESULTS Alcohol screening with a validated questionnaire occurred during 2.6% (95% Cl: 0.9%, 4.3%) of visits. Alcohol counseling, provided either by the physician or by referral, was documented in 0.8% (95% Cl: 0.3%, 1.3%) of visits. Screening was significantly more likely if patients were seen by their assigned primary care physician (adjOR 4.38 (95% Cl: 1.41, 13.61)), a new patient to the practice (adjOR 4.18 (95% Cl: 2.30, 7.79)), or had several chronic medical conditions (adjOR 3.40 (95% Cl: 1.48, 7.78)). Patients' sex, race/ethnicity, age group, or length of appointment time was not associated with screening for unhealthy alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Screening for unhealthy alcohol use using a validated questionnaire is uncommonly performed during US primary care visits. Interventions or incentives may be needed to increase uptake of USPSTF alcohol screening recommendations.
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Chen B, Han Z, Geng L. Mendelian randomization analysis reveals causal effects of food intakes on inflammatory bowel disease risk. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911631. [PMID: 36211374 PMCID: PMC9536736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional observational studies have indicated a link between specific food intakes and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the nature of such links remains unknown. We sought to assess the potential causal relationship between food intakes and IBD risk using Mendelian randomization methods. This study used summary statistics data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on food intakes, Crohn’s disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). In the primary analysis, we used the inverse variance-weighted method to determine whether specific food was causal for CD and UC. In addition, we also ran four other Mendelian randomization methods, including MR Egger, weighted median, maximum likelihood, and weighted mode as a complement. The primary analysis showed that high consumption of poultry (OR, 3.696; 95% CI, 1.056–12.937; p = 0.041) and cereal (OR, 2.449; 95% CI, 1.094–5.482; p = 0.029) had a significant causal association with CD, while high oily fish intake level was found to be statistically significantly associated with the risk of UC (OR, 1.482; 95% CI, 1.002–2.194; p = 0.049). This MR study provides evidence of a potential causal link between certain food intake and CD and UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxia Chen
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bingxia Chen,
| | - Zemin Han
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Geng
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Lequain H, Richard-Mornas A, Argaud L, Dargent A. Tetanus-induced rhythmic seizures mimicking the clinical and electroencephalographic presentation of status epilepticus. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e250645. [PMID: 36318639 PMCID: PMC9472151 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-250645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the case of a woman in her 60s admitted to the intensive care unit after a first generalised tonic-clonic seizure in the context of alcohol withdrawal. She was placed under invasive mechanical ventilation due to persistence of coma despite antiepileptic treatment. Despite continuous sedation with propofol, the frequency and intensity of seizure increased. Seizures were very similar to epileptic tonic-clonic seizures and were recorded with video and electroencephalogram (EEG). A diagnosis of tetanus was considered after a scalp wound was discovered. The patient's husband revealed that a trismus had appeared a few days before hospital admission after a head trauma. EEG showed a pattern of diffuse spikes, which disappeared after a cisatracurium bolus. The diagnosis of tetanus was later confirmed by cultures from wound samples. Therefore, severe tetanus can mimic both the clinical and EEG features of status epilepticus and could be added to the differential diagnosis of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurelie Richard-Mornas
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Laurent Argaud
- Intensive Care, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Auguste Dargent
- Intensive Care, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- APCSe, UPSP 2016.A101, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
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Asp J, Bergman L, Lager S, Axelsson O, Wikström A, Hesselman S. Alcohol exposure prior to pregnancy-does hazardous consumption affect placenta- and inflammatory-mediated pregnancy outcomes? A Swedish population-based cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2022; 101:1386-1394. [PMID: 36073360 PMCID: PMC9812091 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is related to severe birth complications such as low birthweight, preterm birth and birth defects. During the last decade, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) has been used as a screening tool in Swedish maternal healthcare units to identify hazardous, pre-pregnancy alcohol use. However, evaluation of the screening with AUDIT, as well as adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes, has not been assessed at a national level. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a population-based cohort study of 530 458 births from 2013 to 2018 using demographic, reproductive and maternal health data from the Swedish Pregnancy Register. Self-reported alcohol consumption in the year before pregnancy, measured as AUDIT scores, was categorized into moderate (6-13 points) and high-risk (14-40 points) consumption, with low-risk (0-5 points) consumption as the reference group. Associations with pregnancy- and birth outcomes were explored with logistic regressions using generalized estimating equation models, adjusting for maternal and socioeconomic characteristics. Estimates are presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS High-risk and moderate pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption was associated with preeclampsia, preterm birth and birth of an infant small for gestational age (SGA), but these associations were nonsignificant after adjustments. Prior moderate-risk (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.17-1.42) and high-risk consumption (aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.17-2.25) increased the likelihood of intrapartum and neonatal infections. CONCLUSIONS Apart from identifying hazardous alcohol consumption prior to pregnancy and the offer of counseling, screening with the AUDIT in early pregnancy indicates a high risk of inflammatory-/placenta-mediated pregnancy and birth outcomes. For most outcomes, AUDIT was not an independent contributor when adjusting for confounding factors. Hazardous alcohol use prior to pregnancy was independently linked to intrapartum and neonatal infections; conditions associated with morbidity and long-term sequalae. These associations may be explained by alcohol-induced changes in the maternal or fetal immune system in early pregnancy or persistent alcohol intake during pregnancy, or may depend on unidentified confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joline Asp
- Center for Clinical Research SörmlandUppsala UniversityEskilstunaSweden,Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Lina Bergman
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Susanne Lager
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Ove Axelsson
- Center for Clinical Research SörmlandUppsala UniversityEskilstunaSweden,Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Susanne Hesselman
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Center for Clinical Research DalarnaFalunSweden
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Horta D, Forné M, Agustí A, Raga A, Martín-Cardona A, Hernández-Soto JM, Ruiz-Ramírez P, Esteve-Comas M. Efficacy of Hepatitis B Virus Vaccines HBVaxpro40© and Fendrix© in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease in Clinical Practice. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1323. [PMID: 36016211 PMCID: PMC9416157 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease results in a low response rate to the hepatitis B virus vaccine. Information on the efficacy of the double adjuvanted vaccine FENDRIX® (3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A and aluminum phosphate) and single adjuvant HBVAXPRO®40 (aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate) in chronic liver disease is scarce. The primary aim of this prospective study in clinical practice was to evaluate the effectiveness of HBVAXPRO®40 and FENDRIX® in this setting. Patients received HBVAXPRO® (0, 1 and 6 months) or FENDRIX® (0, 1, 2 and 6 months) depending on availability. Clinical data and anti-HBs levels were collected at 2, 6 and 12 months. A total of 125 patients were included (mean age 61.8 years; 57.6% males; 43.2% liver cirrhosis; 75.9% Child A and 24.1% Child B): 76 were vaccinated with HBVAXPRO® and 49 with FENDRIX®. There were no significant differences between the two vaccines. The overall response rates at 2, 6 and 12 months were 76.8, 72.8 and 59.2%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, active alcohol intake, alcohol etiology, liver cirrhosis and ultrasound signs of portal hypertension were associated with a lower response to vaccination, whereas in the multivariate analysis, liver cirrhosis was the only factor that significantly increased the likelihood of nonresponse (OR 10.5). HBVAXPRO® and FENDRIX® are good options for HBV vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Horta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Forné
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Anna Agustí
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Agnes Raga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Albert Martín-Cardona
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana María Hernández-Soto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Pablo Ruiz-Ramírez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Maria Esteve-Comas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Zhang Z, Yao S, Hu Y, Zhao X, Lee RJ. Application of lipid-based nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967505. [PMID: 36003395 PMCID: PMC9393708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is revolutionizing the clinical management of patients with different cancer types by sensitizing autologous or allogenic immune cells to the tumor microenvironment which eventually leads to tumor cell lysis without rapidly killing normal cells. Although immunotherapy has been widely demonstrated to be superior to chemotherapies, only a few populations of patients with specific cancer types respond to such treatment due to the failure of systemic immune activation. In addition, severe immune-related adverse events are rapidly observed when patients with very few responses are given higher doses of such therapies. Recent advances of lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) development have made it possible to deliver not only small molecules but also mRNAs to achieve systemic anticancer immunity through cytotoxic immune cell activation, checkpoint blockade, and chimeric antigen receptor cell therapies, etc. This review summarized recent development and applications of LNPs in anticancer immunotherapy. The diversity of lipid-based NPs would encapsulate payloads with different structures and molecular weights to achieve optimal antitumor immunity through multiple mechanisms of action. The discussion about the components of lipid-based NPs and their immunologic payloads in this review hopefully shed more light on the future direction of anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkun Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Siyu Yao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yingwen Hu
- The Whiteoak Group, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Xiaobin Zhao
- The Whiteoak Group, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert J. Lee,
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Song WM, Li SJ, Liu JY, Fu Q, Xu TT, Tao NN, Zhang QY, Liu SQ, An QQ, Zhu XH, Liu Y, Yu CB, Li YF, Dong J, Li HC. Impact of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking on the drug-resistance of newly diagnosed tuberculosis: a retrospective cohort study in Shandong, China, during 2004-2020. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059149. [PMID: 35902191 PMCID: PMC9341182 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the independent and collective impact of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking on the drug-resistance of newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB). DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study. SETTING Shandong, China. PARTICIPANTS Patients with newly diagnosed TB from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2020 were collected. Exclusive criteria: retreated cases; extrapulmonary tuberculosis; without information on drug susceptibility testing results, smoking or drinking habits; bacteriological identification as non-tuberculous mycobacteria. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Patients were classified into four groups including smokers only (G1), drinker only (G2), smoker +drinker (G3), non-smoker +non-drinker group (G0). We described the drug-resistant profiles, clinical factors and calculated the ORs of different drug-resistance among G1, G2, G3, compared with G0 through univariate and multivariate logistics regression models. RESULTS Of the 7996 TB cases enrolled, the proportions of G1, G2, G3 and G0 were 8.25%, 3.89%, 16.46% and 71.40%, respectively. The rates of drug-resistant (DR)-TB, mono-resistant TB, multidrug resistant (MDR)-TB, polydrug resistant TB in G1, G2, G3 and G0 were 19.24%/16.4%/17.33%/19.08%, 11.52%/8.68%/10.94%/11.63%, 3.03%/2.57%/2.96%/3.66% and 4.70%/4.82%/3.34%/ 4.08%, respectively. G3 had a higher risk of MDR1: isoniazid +rifampin (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.91, 95% CI: 1.036 to 3.532), but had a lower risk of DR-TB (aOR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.99), rifampin-related resistance (aOR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.93), streptomycin-related resistance (aOR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.99), ethambutol-related resistance (aOR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.95), MDR3: isoniazid +rifampin+streptomycin (aOR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.85), any isoniazid +streptomycin resistance (aOR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.00). However, there were no significant differences between G1 and G0, G2 and G0 in all drug-resistant subtypes. Those patients with cavity had a higher risk of DR-TB among G3 (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.81). CONCLUSION Although we did not found an independent impact of alcohol drinking or tobacco smoking on TB drug-resistance, respectively, these two habits had a combined effect on TB drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Mei Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shi-Jin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengwu People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Yue Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medical Imaging, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Fu
- State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Ning Tao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian-Yun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Si-Qi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi-Qi An
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Han Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Bao Yu
- Katharine Hsu International Research Center of Human Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jihua Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Heze Mudan People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Huai-Chen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Wang Y, Jing W, Liu J, Liu M. Global trends, regional differences and age distribution for the incidence of HIV and tuberculosis co-infection from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022; 54:773-783. [PMID: 35801264 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2092647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more likely to develop tuberculosis (TB), and their co-infection (HIV-TB) increases the risk of death. We aimed to describe the global trends, regional differences and age distribution of HIV-TB. METHODS Annual new cases, age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and age-specific incidence rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) of HIV-infected drug-susceptible tuberculosis (HIV-DS-TB), HIV-infected multidrug-resistant tuberculosis without extensive drug resistance (HIV-MDR-TB) and HIV-infected extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (HIV-XDR-TB) during 1990-2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. To reveal the trends of HIV-TB by region and age, the percentage change of new cases and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of ASRs were calculated. RESULTS The ASR of HIV-XDR-TB increased significantly by an average of 14.77% (95% CI: 11.05%-18.62%) per year during 1990-2019 worldwide, while the ASRs of HIV-DS-TB and HIV-MDR-TB decreased after 2005. HIV-XDR-TB was a great threat to Eastern Europe for the largest number of new cases (792, 95% UI: 487-1167) and the highest ASR (0.34 per 100,000 population, 95% UI: 0.21-0.50). In addition, Oceania had the largest rise in ASRs of HIV-MDR-TB (EAPC = 22.56, 95% CI: 18.62-26.64) and HIV-XDR-TB (EAPC = 32.95, 95% CI: 27.90-38.20) during 1990-2019. Recently, age-specific incidence rates of HIV-XDR-TB increased in all age groups, especially in the 50-69 age groups among high, low-middle and low Socio-Demographic Index regions. Additionally, the proportion of patients aged <15 years was nearly 10% of new cases in sub-Saharan Africa in 2019, which was higher than in other regions. CONCLUSIONS HIV-infected drug-resistant TB is common in Oceania and Eastern Europe. Moreover, HIV-XDR-TB among elderly people became increasingly prevalent. In the future, the collaboration of management for HIV and TB should be intensified in Oceania and Eastern Europe, and more concerns need to be paid in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhan Jing
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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50
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Solopov PA, Colunga Biancatelli RML, Catravas JD. Alcohol Increases Lung Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Expression and Exacerbates Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Protein Subunit 1-Induced Acute Lung Injury in K18-hACE2 Transgenic Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:990-1000. [PMID: 35483427 PMCID: PMC9040477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, alcohol consumption increased markedly. Nearly one in four adults reported drinking more alcohol to cope with stress. Chronic alcohol abuse is now recognized as a factor complicating the course of acute respiratory distress syndrome and increasing mortality. To investigate the mechanisms behind this interaction, a combined acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic alcohol abuse mouse model was developed by intratracheally instilling the subunit 1 (S1) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S1SP) in K18–human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transgenic mice that express the human ACE2 receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and were kept on an ethanol diet. Seventy-two hours after S1SP instillation, mice on an ethanol diet showed a strong decrease in body weight, a dramatic increase in white blood cell content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and an augmented cytokine storm, compared with S1SP-treated mice on a control diet. Histologic examination of lung tissue showed abnormal recruitment of immune cells in the alveolar space, abnormal parenchymal architecture, and worsening Ashcroft score in S1SP- and alcohol-treated animals. Along with the activation of proinflammatory biomarkers [NF-κB, STAT3, NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome], lung tissue homogenates from mice on an alcohol diet showed overexpression of ACE2 compared with mice on a control diet. This model could be useful for the development of therapeutic approaches against alcohol-exacerbated coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Solopov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.
| | | | - John D Catravas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia; School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
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