1
|
Tembeni B, Idowu OE, Benrkia R, Boutahiri S, Olatunji OJ. Biotransformation of selected secondary metabolites by Alternaria species and the pharmaceutical, food and agricultural application of biotransformation products. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:46. [PMID: 39158793 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Biotransformation is a process in which molecules are modified in the presence of a biocatalyst or enzymes, as well as the metabolic alterations that occur in organisms from exposure to the molecules. Microbial biotransformation is an important process in natural product drug discovery as novel compounds are biosynthesised. Additionally, biotransformation products offer compounds with improved efficacy, solubility, reduced cytotoxic and allows for the understanding of structure activity relationships. One of the driving forces for these impeccable findings are associated with the presence of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases that is present in all organisms such as mammals, bacteria, and fungi. Numerous fungal strains have been used and reported for their ability to biotransform different compounds. This review focused on studies using Alternaria species as biocatalysts in the biotransformation of natural product compounds. Alternaria species facilitates reactions that favour stereoselectivity, regioselectivity under mild conditions. Additionally, microbial biotransformation products, their application in food, pharmaceutical and agricultural sector is discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babalwa Tembeni
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco.
| | | | - Rachid Benrkia
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Salima Boutahiri
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumari H, Ganjoo A, Shafeeq H, Ayoub N, Babu V, Ahmed Z. Microbial transformation of some phytochemicals into value-added products: A review. Fitoterapia 2024; 178:106149. [PMID: 39089598 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Phytochemicals, plant-derived compounds, are the major components of traditional medicinal plants. Some phytochemicals have restricted applications, due to low bioavailability and less efficacy. However, their medicinal properties can be enhanced by converting them into value-added products for different bioactivities like anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, anti-neuroinflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory. Microbial transformation is one such process that is generally more specific and makes it possible to modify a compound without making any unwanted alterations in the molecule. This has led to the efficient production of value-added products with important pharmacological properties and the discovery of new active compounds. The present review assimilates the existing knowledge of the microbial transformation of some phytochemicals like eugenol, curcumin, ursolic acid, cinnamaldehyde, piperine, β-carotene, β-sitosterol, and quercetin to value-added products for their application in food, fragrances, and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hema Kumari
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ananta Ganjoo
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Haseena Shafeeq
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nargis Ayoub
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vikash Babu
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hlongwane MM, Dakora FD, Mohammed M, Mokgalaka-Fleischmann NS. Bioprospecting for Rhizobacteria with the Ability to Enhance Drought Tolerance in Lessertia frutescens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17585. [PMID: 38139414 PMCID: PMC10743902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lessertia frutescens is a multipurpose medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa that is used for the management of cancer, stomach ulcers, wounds, etc. The use and demand for the raw materials from this plant have been increasing steadily over the years, putting strain on the dwindling wild populations. Although cultivation may provide relief to the strained supply, the persistent drought climate poses a threat to the plant's growth and productivity. This study explored three plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolates, TUTLFNC33, TUTLFNC37 and TUTLFWC74, obtained from the root nodules of Lessertia frutescens as potential bioinoculants that can improve yield, biological activities and the production of secondary metabolites in the host plant. Isolate TUTLFNC37 was identified as the most promising isolate for inoculation of Lessertia frutescens under drought conditions as it induced drought tolerance through enhanced root proliferation, osmolyte proline accumulation and stomatal closure. Superior biomass yield, phenolics, triterpenes and antioxidant activity were evident in the extracts of Lessertia frutescens inoculated with TUTLFNC37 and under different levels of drought. Furthermore, the metabolomics of the plant extracts demonstrated the ability of the isolate to withstand drastic changes in the composition of unique metabolites, sutherlandiosides A-D and sutherlandins A-D. Molecular families which were never reported in the plant (peptides and glycerolipids) were detected and annotated in the molecular networks. Although drought had deleterious effects on Lessertia frutescens, isolate TUTLFNC37 alleviated the impact of the stress. Isolate TUTLFNC37 is therefore the most promising, environmentally friendly alternative to harmful chemicals such as nitrate-based fertilizers. The isolate should be studied to establish its field performance, cross infectivity with other medicinal plants and competition with inherent soil microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mokgadi M. Hlongwane
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.M.H.); (F.D.D.)
| | - Felix D. Dakora
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.M.H.); (F.D.D.)
| | - Mustapha Mohammed
- Department of Crop Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL1882, Ghana;
| | - Ntebogeng S. Mokgalaka-Fleischmann
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.M.H.); (F.D.D.)
- Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fernández-Calleja L, García-Domínguez M, Redondo BI, Martín JLG, Villar CJ, Lombó F. Isolation of two triterpenoids from Phlomis purpurea, one of them with anti-oomycete activity against Phytophthora cinnamomi, and insights into its biosynthetic pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1180808. [PMID: 37692445 PMCID: PMC10485375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1180808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora cinnamomi is an important plant pathogen responsible for dieback diseases in plant genera including Quercus, Fagus, Castanea, Eucalyptus, and Pinus, among others, all over the world. P. cinnamomi infection exerts tremendous ecological and economic losses. Several strategies have been developed to combat this pathogenic oomycete, including the search for novel anti-oomycete compounds. In this work, a Mediterranean vascular plant, Phlomis purpurea, has been screened for secondary bioactivity against this pathogen. The genus Phlomis includes a group of herbaceous plants and shrubs described as producers of many different bioactive compounds, including several triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are well-known molecules synthesized by plants and microorganisms with potent antioxidant, antitumoral, and antimicrobial activities. We have isolated by HPLC-DAD and characterized by HPLC-MS and NMR two nortriterpenoid compounds (phlomispentaol A and phlomispurtetraolone) from the root extracts of P. purpurea. One of them (phlomispentaol A) is active against the plant pathogenic oomycete P. cinnamomi (based on in vitro inhibition bioassays). Based on their chemical structure and their relationship to other plant triterpenoids, oleanolic acid is proposed to be the common precursor for these molecules. The anti-oomycete activity shown by phlomispentaol A represents a promising alternative to counteract the worldwide-scale damage caused to forest ecosystems by this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Fernández-Calleja
- Research Unit “Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC”, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M. García-Domínguez
- Research Unit “Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC”, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - B. Isabel Redondo
- Department Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. L. Gómez Martín
- Research and Development Department, Campojerez SL, Jerez de los Caballeros, Badajoz, Spain
| | - C. J. Villar
- Research Unit “Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC”, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - F. Lombó
- Research Unit “Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC”, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Langer D, Wicher B, Dutkiewicz Z, Bendzinska-Berus W, Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Tykarska E. Polymorphism of Butyl Ester of Oleanolic Acid—The Dominance of Dispersive Interactions over Electrostatic. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076572. [PMID: 37047544 PMCID: PMC10095383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic (OA) and glycyrrhetinic acids (GE), as well as their derivatives, show a variety of pharmacological properties. Their crystal structures provide valuable information related to the assembly modes of these biologically active compounds. In the known-to-date crystals of OA esters, their 11-oxo derivatives, and GE ester crystals, triterpenes associate, forming different types of ribbons and layers whose construction is based mainly on van der Waals forces and weak C-H···O interactions. New crystal structures of 11-oxo OA methyl ester and the polymorph of OA butyl ester reveal an alternative aggregation mode. Supramolecular architectures consist of helical chains which are stabilized by hydrogen bonds of O-H···O type. It was found that two polymorphic forms of butyl OA ester (layered and helical) are related monotropically. In a structure of metastable form, O-H···O hydrogen bonds occur, while the thermodynamically preferred phase is governed mainly by van der Waals interactions. The intermolecular interaction energies calculated using CrystalExplorer, PIXEL, and Psi4 programs showed that even in motifs formed through O-H···O hydrogen bonds, the dispersive forces have a significant impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langer
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Wicher
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Dutkiewicz
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wioletta Bendzinska-Berus
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Tykarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ding HY, Wang TY, Wu JY, Zhang YR, Chang TS. Novel Ganoderma triterpenoid saponins from the biotransformation-guided purification of a commercial Ganoderma extract. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:402-410. [PMID: 36889998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma sp. contains high amounts of diverse triterpenoids; however, few triterpenoid saponins could be isolated from the medicinal fungus. To produce novel Ganoderma triterpenoid saponins, biotransformation-guided purification (BGP) process was applied to a commercial Ganoderma extract. The commercial Ganoderma extract was partially separated into three fractions by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and the separated fractions were then directly biotransformed by a Bacillus glycosyltransferase (BsUGT489). One of the biotransformed products could be further purified and identified as a novel saponin: ganoderic acid C2 (GAC2)-3-O-β-glucoside by nucleic magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectral analyses. Based on the structure of the saponin, the predicted precursor should be the GAC2, which was confirmed to be biotransformed into four saponins, GAC2-3-O-β-glucoside, GAC2-3,15-O-β-diglucoside and two unknown GAC2 monoglucosides, revealed by NMR and mass spectral analyses. GAC2-3-O-β-glucoside and GAC2-3,15-O-β-diglucoside possessed 17-fold and 200-fold higher aqueous solubility than that of GAC2, respectively. In addition, GAC2-3-O-β-glucoside retained the most anti-α-glucosidase activity of GAC2 and was comparable with that of the anti-diabetes drug (acarbose). The present study showed that the BGP process is an efficient strategy to survey novel and bioactive molecules from crude extracts of natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiou-Yu Ding
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Tzi-Yuan Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jiumn-Yih Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Kinmen 892, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Rong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hussain H, Xiao J, Ali A, Green IR, Westermann B. Unusually cyclized triterpenoids: occurrence, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:412-451. [PMID: 36458822 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00033d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2009 to 2021Biosynthetically, most of the syntheses of triterpenes follow the cascade cyclization and rearrangement of the acyclic precursors viz., squalene (S) and 2,3-oxidosqualene (OS), which lead to the very well known tetra- and pentacyclic triterpene skeletons. Aside from these, numerous other triterpenoid molecules are also reported from various natural sources and their structures are derived from "S" and "OS" via some unusual cyclization operations which are different from the usual tetra- and pentacyclic frameworks. Numerous compelling advances have been made and reported in the identification of these unusual cyclized mono-, di-, tri- and tetracyclic triterpenes between 2009 and 2021. Besides a dramatic increase in the newly isolated uncommon cyclized triterpenoids, substantial progress in the (bio)-synthesis of these triterpenes has been published along with significant progress in their biological effects. In this review, 180 new unusual cyclized triterpenoids together with their demonstrated biogenetic pathways, syntheses and biological effects will be categorized and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany.
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, E-32004, Spain
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ivan R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hlongwane MM, Mohammed M, Mokgalaka NS, Dakora FD. The Potential of Rhizobacteria to Mitigate Abiotic Stress in Lessertia frutescens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:196. [PMID: 36616325 PMCID: PMC9824651 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lessertia frutescens is a multipurpose medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa. The curative ability of the medicinal plant is attributed to its rich phytochemical composition, including amino acids, triterpenoids, and flavonoids. A literature review of some of the phytochemical compounds, particularly amino acids, in L. frutescens shows a steady decrease in concentration over the years. The reduction of the phytochemical compounds and diminishing biological activities may be attributed to drought and salt stress, which South Africa has been grappling with over the years. Canavanine, a phytochemical which is associated with the anticancer activity of L. frutescens, reduced slightly when the plant was subjected to salt stress. Like other legumes, L. frutescens forms a symbiotic relationship with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, which facilitate plant growth and development. Studies employing commercial plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria to enhance growth and biological activities in L. frutescens have been successfully carried out. Furthermore, alleviation of drought and salt stress in medicinal plants through inoculation with plant growth-promoting-rhizobacteria is well documented and effective. Therefore, this review seeks to highlight the potential of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria to alleviate the effect of salt and drought in Lessertia frutescens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mokgadi M. Hlongwane
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Mustapha Mohammed
- Department of Crop Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL1882, Ghana
| | - Ntebogeng S. Mokgalaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Mamelodi Campus, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Felix D. Dakora
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rosli SZ, Mohd Adzahan N, Karim R, Mahmud Ab Rashid NK. Effect of Acidic Electrolysed Water and Pulsed Light Technology on the Sensory, Morphology and Bioactive Compounds of Pennywort ( Centella asiatica L.) Leaves. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010311. [PMID: 36615505 PMCID: PMC9822038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pennywort (Centella asiatica) is a herbaceous vegetable that is usually served in the form of fresh-cut vegetables and consumed raw. Fresh-cut vegetables are in high demand as they offer convenience, have fresh-like quality and are potentially great for therapeutic applications. However, it could be the cause of foodborne outbreaks. Pulsed light is known as a decontamination method for minimally processed products. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of pulsed light in combination with acidic electrolysed water on the sensory, morphological changes and bioactive components in the leaves of pennywort during storage. A combination of soaking with acidic electrolysed water (AEW) at pH 2.5 and pulsed light (PL) treatment (1.5 J/cm2) was tested on the leaves of pennywort. After treatment, these leaves were refrigerated (4 ± 1 °C) for two weeks and evaluated on the basis of sensory acceptance, the visual appearance of the epidermal cell and bioactive compounds. In terms of sensorial properties, samples treated with the combined treatment were preferred over untreated samples. The combination of AEW and PL 1.5 J/cm2 was the most preferred in terms of purchasing and consumption criteria. Observations of the epidermal cells illustrated that PL treatment kept the cell structure intact. The bioactive phytocompounds found in the leaves of pennywort are mainly from the triterpene glycosides (asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid) and are efficiently preserved by the combined treatment applied. In conclusion, the combination of acidic electrolysed water and pulsed light treatment is beneficial in retaining the sensory quality and bioactive compounds in the leaves of Pennywort during storage at 4 ± 1 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti-Zaharah Rosli
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Healthcare and Professional, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Management & Science University (MSU), University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam 40100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noranizan Mohd Adzahan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-389468392; Fax: +60-389485970
| | - Roselina Karim
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor-Khaizura Mahmud Ab Rashid
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A Review of Ganoderma Triterpenoids and Their Bioactivities. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010024. [PMID: 36671409 PMCID: PMC9856212 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, Ganoderma has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries to prevent and treat various diseases. Numerous publications are stating that Ganoderma species have a variety of beneficial medicinal properties, and investigations on different metabolic regulations of Ganoderma species, extracts or isolated compounds have been performed both in vitro and in vivo. However, it has frequently been questioned whether Ganoderma is simply a dietary supplement for health or just a useful "medication" for restorative purposes. More than 600 chemical compounds including alkaloids, meroterpenoids, nucleobases, nucleosides, polysaccharides, proteins, steroids and triterpenes were extracted and identified from Ganoderma, with triterpenes serving as the primary components. In recent years, Ganoderma triterpenes and other small molecular constituents have aroused the interest of chemists and pharmacologists. Meanwhile, considering the significance of the triterpene constituents in the development of new drugs, this review describes 495 compounds from 25 Ganoderma species published between 1984 and 2022, commenting on their source, biosynthetic pathway, identification, biological activities and biosynthesis, together with applications of advanced analytical techniques to the characterization of Ganoderma triterpenoids.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sedbare R, Raudone L, Zvikas V, Viskelis J, Liaudanskas M, Janulis V. Development and Validation of the UPLC-DAD Methodology for the Detection of Triterpenoids and Phytosterols in Fruit Samples of Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton and Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144403. [PMID: 35889280 PMCID: PMC9323694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberries are used in the production of medicinal preparations and food supplements, which highlights the importance of triterpene compounds determination in cranberry fruit raw material. The aim of our study was to develop and validate for routine testing suitable UPLC-DAD methodology for the evaluation of triterpene acids, neutral triterpenoids, phytosterols, and squalene content in cranberry samples. The developed and optimized UPLC-DAD methodology was validated according to the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonization (ICH), evaluating the following parameters: range, specificity, linearity (R2 > 0.999), precision, LOD (0.27−1.86 µg/mL), LOQ (0.90−6.18 µg/mL), and recovery (80−110%). The developed and validated technique was used for the evaluation of triterpenic compounds in samples of Vaccinium macrocarpon and Vaccinium oxycoccos fruits, and their peels, pulp and seeds. The studied chromatogram profiles of Vaccinium macrocarpon and Vaccinium oxycoccos were identical but differed in the areas of the analytical peaks. Ursolic acid was the dominant compound in fruit samples of Vaccinium macrocarpon and Vaccinium oxycoccos. The highest amounts of triterpenic compounds were detected in the cranberry peels samples. The developed method for the detection of triterpene compounds can be applied in further studies for routine testing on the qualitative and quantitative composition of fruit samples of Vaccinium macrocarpon and Vaccinium oxycoccos species and cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rima Sedbare
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.R.); (M.L.); (V.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-696-77917
| | - Lina Raudone
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.R.); (M.L.); (V.J.)
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Vaidotas Zvikas
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Jonas Viskelis
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Mindaugas Liaudanskas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.R.); (M.L.); (V.J.)
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Valdimaras Janulis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.R.); (M.L.); (V.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Recent Advancements in Enhancing Antimicrobial Activity of Plant-Derived Polyphenols by Biochemical Means. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants are a reservoir of phytochemicals, which are known to possess several beneficial health properties. Along with all the secondary metabolites, polyphenols have emerged as potential replacements for synthetic additives due to their lower toxicity and fewer side effects. However, controlling microbial growth using these preservatives requires very high doses of plant-derived compounds, which limits their use to only specific conditions. Their use at high concentrations leads to unavoidable changes in the organoleptic properties of foods. Therefore, the biochemical modification of natural preservatives can be a promising alternative to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of plant-derived compounds/polyphenols. Amongst these modifications, low concentration of ascorbic acid (AA)–Cu (II), degradation products of ascorbic acid (DPAA), Maillard reaction products (MRPs), laccase–mediator (Lac–Med) and horse radish peroxidase (HRP)–H2O2 systems standout. This review reveals the importance of plant polyphenols, their role as antimicrobial agents, the mechanism of the biochemical methods and the ways these methods may be used in enhancing the antimicrobial potency of the plant polyphenols. Ultimately, this study may act as a base for the development of potent antimicrobial agents that may find their use in food applications.
Collapse
|
13
|
Noushahi HA, Khan AH, Noushahi UF, Hussain M, Javed T, Zafar M, Batool M, Ahmed U, Liu K, Harrison MT, Saud S, Fahad S, Shu S. Biosynthetic pathways of triterpenoids and strategies to improve their Biosynthetic Efficiency. PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2022; 97:439-454. [PMID: 35382096 PMCID: PMC8969394 DOI: 10.1007/s10725-022-00818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
"Triterpenoids" can be considered natural products derived from the cyclization of squalene, yielding 3-deoxytriterpenes (hydrocarbons) or 3-hydroxytriterpenes. Triterpenoids are metabolites of these two classes of triterpenes, produced by the functionalization of their carbon skeleton. They can be categorized into different groups based on their structural formula/design. Triterpenoids are an important group of compounds that are widely used in the fields of pharmacology, food, and industrial biotechnology. However, inadequate synthetic methods and insufficient knowledge of the biosynthesis of triterpenoids, such as their structure, enzymatic activity, and the methods used to produce pure and active triterpenoids, are key problems that limit the production of these active metabolites. Here, we summarize the derivatives, pharmaceutical properties, and biosynthetic pathways of triterpenoids and review the enzymes involved in their biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, we concluded the screening methods, identified the genes involved in the pathways, and highlighted the appropriate strategies used to enhance their biosynthetic production to facilitate the commercial process of triterpenoids through the synthetic biology method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Armghan Noushahi
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
- Plant Breeding and Phenomic Centre, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetics Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Usama Farhan Noushahi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mubashar Hussain
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China
| | - Maimoona Zafar
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Maria Batool
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Umair Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 7250 Burnie, Tasmania Australia
| | - Matthew Tom Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 7250 Burnie, Tasmania Australia
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, 276000 Linyi, Shandong China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, 22620 Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Shaohua Shu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vasquez-Ruiz V, Ramírez-Cisneros MÁ, Rios MY. Triterpenes and limonoids of Cedrela: Distribution, biosynthesis, and 1 H and 13 C NMR data. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:275-358. [PMID: 34730255 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cedrela genus, a member of the Meliaceae family, presents both chemical characteristics associated with and those that distinguish it from the rest of its members. The presence of triterpenes and limonoids is the characteristic of the Meliaceae family, but the class and type of these chemical constituents are distinctive for each genus. Cedrela includes cycloartane, ursane, oleanane, tirucallane, butyrospermane, and apotirucallane triterpenes, and its limonoids belongs to six class and nine types, known as class Ia-type havanensines, class Ib-type delevoyin, class II-type gedunin, class IIIb-type andirobin, class IIIg-type mexicanolide, class IVa-type evoludone, class Va-type obacunol, class V-type limonin, and class VIII. Each of these structural arrangements includes specific traits, defined by their biosynthetic origin, which can be established by means of structural elucidation techniques, particularly 1 H and 13 C NMR, which assisted by 2D NMR techniques, allowing to deduce their structures unequivocally. The constant presence of these skeletal arrangements in Cedrela ensures that they are its chemophenetic markers and their recurrence is an important criterion for their identity. This review is a compilation of the occurrence of triterpenes and limonoids in Cedrela genus, detailing their biosynthetic association and collecting and organizing their NMR data, with the purpose of facilitating its location, analysis, and use in the phytochemical study of species from this genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vianey Vasquez-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - M Ángeles Ramírez-Cisneros
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maria Yolanda Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aminudin NI, Ridzuan M, Susanti D, Zainal Abidin ZA. Biotransformation of sesquiterpenoids: a recent insight. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:103-145. [PMID: 33783284 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1906657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenoids have been identified as natural compounds showing remarkable biological activities found in medicinal plants. There is great interest in developing methods to obtain sesquiterpenoids derivatives and biotransformation is one of the alternative methods for structural modification of complex sesquiterpenes structures. Biotransformation is a great drug design tool offering high selectivity and green method. The present review describes a comprehensive summary of biotransformation products of sesquiterpenoids and its structural modification utilizing a variety of biocatalysts including microorganisms, plant tissue culture and enzymes. This review covers recent literatures from 2007 until 2020 and highlights the experimental conditions for each biotransformation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Iman Aminudin
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang 25200, Malaysia
| | - Munirah Ridzuan
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang 25200, Malaysia
| | - Deny Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang 25200, Malaysia
| | - Zaima Azira Zainal Abidin
- Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang 25200, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Prodea A, Mioc A, Banciu C, Trandafirescu C, Milan A, Racoviceanu R, Ghiulai R, Mioc M, Soica C. The Role of Cyclodextrins in the Design and Development of Triterpene-Based Therapeutic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020736. [PMID: 35054925 PMCID: PMC8775686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenic compounds stand as a widely investigated class of natural compounds due to their remarkable therapeutic potential. However, their use is currently being hampered by their low solubility and, subsequently, bioavailability. In order to overcome this drawback and increase the therapeutic use of triterpenes, cyclodextrins have been introduced as water solubility enhancers; cyclodextrins are starch derivatives that possess hydrophobic internal cavities that can incorporate lipophilic molecules and exterior surfaces that can be subjected to various derivatizations in order to improve their biological behavior. This review aims to summarize the most recent achievements in terms of triterpene:cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and bioconjugates, emphasizing their practical applications including the development of new isolation and bioproduction protocols, the elucidation of their underlying mechanism of action, the optimization of triterpenes’ therapeutic effects and the development of new topical formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Prodea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (A.M.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Christian Banciu
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (C.T.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604 (C.B. & C.T.)
| | - Cristina Trandafirescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (A.M.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (C.T.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604 (C.B. & C.T.)
| | - Andreea Milan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (A.M.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (A.M.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (A.M.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Marius Mioc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (A.M.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Codruta Soica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (A.M.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schott C, Bley T, Walter T, Brusius J, Steingroewer J. Monitoring the apical growth characteristics of hairy roots using non‐invasive laser speckle contrast imaging. Eng Life Sci 2021; 22:288-298. [PMID: 35382543 PMCID: PMC8961043 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hairy roots are used to produce plant agents and additives. Due to their heterogeneous structure and growth characteristics, it is difficult to determine growth‐related parameters continuously and in real time. Laser speckle contrast analysis is widely used as a non‐destructive measurement technique in material testing or in medical technology. This type of analysis is based on the principle that moving objects or particles cause fluctuations in stochastic interference patterns known as speckle patterns. They are formed by the random backscattering of coherent laser light on an optically rough surface. A Laser Speckle Imager, which is well established for speckle studies of hemodynamics, was used for the first time for non‐invasive speckle measurements on hairy roots to study dynamic behavior in plant tissue. Based on speckle contrast, a specific flux value was defined to map the dynamic changes in the investigated tissue. Using this method, we were able to predict the formation of lateral strands and to identify the growth zone in the apical root region, as well as dividing it into functional regions. This makes it possible to monitor physiological processes in the apical growth zone in vivo and in real time without labeling the target structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schott
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology TU Dresden Bioprocess Engineering Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Bley
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology TU Dresden Bioprocess Engineering Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Walter
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology TU Dresden Bioprocess Engineering Dresden Germany
| | | | - Juliane Steingroewer
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology TU Dresden Bioprocess Engineering Dresden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oboh M, Govender L, Siwela M, Mkhwanazi BN. Anti-Diabetic Potential of Plant-Based Pentacyclic Triterpene Derivatives: Progress Made to Improve Efficacy and Bioavailability. Molecules 2021; 26:7243. [PMID: 34885816 PMCID: PMC8659003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) results from the inability of the pancreas to produce sufficient insulin or weakened cellular response to the insulin produced, which leads to hyperglycemia. Current treatments of DM focus on the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs such as acarbose, alpha-glucose inhibitors, sulphonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and biguanides to control blood glucose levels. However, these medications are known to have various side effects in addition to their bioavailability, efficacy, and safety concerns. These drawbacks have increased interest in the anti-diabetic potential of plant-derived bioactive compounds such as oleanolic and maslinic acids. Although their efficacy in ameliorating blood glucose levels has been reported in several studies, their bioavailability and efficacy remain of concern. The current review examines the anti-diabetic effects of oleanolic, maslinic, asiatic, ursolic, and corosolic acids and their derivatives, as well as the progress made thus far to enhance their bioavailability and efficacy. The literature for the current review was gathered from leading academic databases-including Google Scholar and PubMed-the key words listed below were used. The literature was searched as widely and comprehensively as possible without a defined range of dates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Blessing Nkazimulo Mkhwanazi
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa; (M.O.); (L.G.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Enhancement of Phytosterol and Triterpenoid Production in Plant Hairy Root Cultures-Simultaneous Stimulation or Competition? PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102028. [PMID: 34685836 PMCID: PMC8541584 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Plant in vitro cultures, including hairy roots, can be applied for controlled production of valuable natural products, such as triterpenoids and sterols. These compounds originate from the common precursor squalene. Sterols and triterpenoids distinctly differ in their functions, and the 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclization step is often regarded as a branch point between primary and secondary (more aptly: general and specialized) metabolism. Considering the crucial role of phytosterols as membrane constituents, it has been postulated that unconstrained biosynthesis of triterpenoids can occur when sterol formation is already satisfied, and these compounds are no longer needed for cell growth and division. This hypothesis seems to follow directly the growth-defense trade-off plant dilemma. In this review, we present some examples illustrating the specific interplay between the two divergent pathways for sterol and triterpenoid biosynthesis appearing in root cultures. These studies were significant for revealing the steps of the biosynthetic pathway, understanding the role of particular enzymes, and discovering the possibility of gene regulation. Currently, hairy roots of many plant species can be considered not only as an efficient tool for production of phytochemicals, but also as suitable experimental models for investigations on regulatory mechanisms of plant metabolism.
Collapse
|
20
|
Interaction of selected terpenoids with two SARS-CoV-2 key therapeutic targets: An in silico study through molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Comput Biol Med 2021; 134:104538. [PMID: 34116362 PMCID: PMC8186839 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, along with the lack of targeted medicaments, forced the scientific world to search for new antiviral formulations. In the current emergent situation, drug repurposing of well-known traditional and/or approved drugs could be the most effective strategy. Herein, through computational approaches, we aimed to screen 14 natural compounds from limonoids and terpenoids class for their ability to inhibit the key therapeutic target proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Among these, some limonoids, namely deacetylnomilin, ichangin and nomilin, and the terpenoid β-amyrin provided good interaction energies with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) in molecular dynamic simulation. Interestingly, deacetylnomilin and ichangin showed direct interaction with the catalytic dyad of the enzyme so supporting their potential role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 replication and growth. On the contrary, despite the good affinity with the spike protein RBD site, all the selected phytochemicals lose contact with the amino acid residues over the course of 120ns-long molecular dynamics simulations therefore suggesting they scarcely can interfere in SARS-CoV-2 binding to the ACE2 receptor. The in silico analyses of docking score and binding energies, along with predicted pharmacokinetic profiles, indicate that these triterpenoids might have potential as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, recommending further in vitro and in vivo investigations for a complete understanding and confirmation of their inhibitory potential.
Collapse
|
21
|
Cheng Z, Li Y, Zhu X, Wang K, Ali Y, Shu W, Zhang T, Zhu L, Murray M, Zhou F. The Potential Application of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in the Prevention and Treatment of Retinal Diseases. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:511-527. [PMID: 33761574 DOI: 10.1055/a-1377-2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Retinal diseases are a leading cause of impaired vision and blindness but some lack effective treatments. New therapies are required urgently to better manage retinal diseases. Natural pentacyclic triterpenoids and their derivatives have a wide range of activities, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, and antiangiogenic properties. Pentacyclic triterpenoids have great potential in preventing and/or treating retinal pathologies. The pharmacological effects of pentacyclic triterpenoids are often mediated through the modulation of signalling pathways, including nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2, high-mobility group box protein 1, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, and Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1. This review summarizes recent in vitro and in vivo evidence for the pharmacological potential of pentacyclic triterpenoids in the prevention and treatment of retinal diseases. The present literature supports the further development of pentacyclic triterpenoids. Future research should now attempt to improve the efficacy and pharmacokinetic behaviour of the agents, possibly by the use of medicinal chemistry and targeted drug delivery strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Cheng
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Yue Li
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Xue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youmna Ali
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Wenying Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The Effect of the New Lupeol Derivatives on Human Skin Cells as Potential Agents in the Treatment of Wound Healing. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060774. [PMID: 34064164 PMCID: PMC8224297 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin barrier damage can be the result of various external factors including heat, radiation, chemicals and many others. Any interruption of the skin barrier integrity causes the exposure of the organism to harmful environmental factors. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics characterized by high bioavailability and effectiveness in skin damage recovery. Birch bark is known as a clinically proven, traditional medicinal remedy to accelerate wound healing. Lupeol, one of the main birch bark ingredients, shows a wide range of biological activity beneficial to the skin. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of new lupeol derivatives on keratinocyte and fibroblast migration and proliferation, as well as to investigate various mechanisms of their antioxidant activity. The chemical modification of lupeol structure was intended to obtain more effective therapeutics characterized by higher bioavailability, permeability and safety of use. The novel triterpenes presented in this study were evaluated as the potential active ingredients preventing skin tissue degradation. Lupeol esters influence skin cells' motility and proliferation. Importantly, they are able to reduce reactive oxygen species and act indirectly by protecting the skin protein structure from being oxidized by free radicals.
Collapse
|
23
|
Soltane R, Chrouda A, Mostafa A, Al-Karmalawy AA, Chouaïb K, dhahri A, Pashameah RA, Alasiri A, Kutkat O, Shehata M, Jannet HB, Gharbi J, Ali MA. Strong Inhibitory Activity and Action Modes of Synthetic Maslinic Acid Derivative on Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses: COVID-19 Drug Candidate. Pathogens 2021; 10:623. [PMID: 34069460 PMCID: PMC8159111 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In late December 2019, a novel coronavirus, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), escaped the animal-human interface and emerged as an ongoing global pandemic with severe flu-like illness, commonly known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, a molecular docking study was carried out for seventeen (17) structural analogues prepared from natural maslinic and oleanolic acids, screened against SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Furthermore, we experimentally validated the virtual data by measuring the half-maximal cytotoxic and inhibitory concentrations of each compound. Interestingly, the chlorinated isoxazole linked maslinic acid (compound 17) showed promising antiviral activity at micromolar non-toxic concentrations. Thoughtfully, we showed that compound 17 mainly impairs the viral replication of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, a very promising SAR study for the examined compounds was concluded, which could be used by medicinal chemists in the near future for the design and synthesis of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 candidates. Our results could be very promising for performing further additional in vitro and in vivo studies on the tested compound (17) before further licensing for COVID-19 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raya Soltane
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Adham 21971, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.); (R.A.P.); (A.A.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Amani Chrouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Sciences, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, UMR CNRS-UCBL-ENS 5280, 5 Rue la Doua, CEDEX 09, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt; (O.K.); (M.S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, 34518 New Damietta, Egypt;
| | - Karim Chouaïb
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (K.C.); (H.B.J.)
| | - Abdelwaheb dhahri
- Polymer Materials Engineering, University of Lyon, UMR CNRS 5223, Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Rami Adel Pashameah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Adham 21971, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.); (R.A.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahlam Alasiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Adham 21971, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.); (R.A.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt; (O.K.); (M.S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mahmoud Shehata
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt; (O.K.); (M.S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (K.C.); (H.B.J.)
| | - Jawhar Gharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt; (O.K.); (M.S.); (M.A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kolobova E, Mäki-Arvela P, Grigoreva A, Pakrieva E, Carabineiro S, Peltonen J, Kazantsev S, Bogdanchikova N, Pestryakov A, Murzin D. Catalytic oxidative transformation of betulin to its valuable oxo-derivatives over gold supported catalysts: Effect of support nature. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
25
|
Chang TS, Chiang CM, Wu JY, Tsai YL, Ting HJ. Production of a new triterpenoid disaccharide saponin from sequential glycosylation of ganoderic acid A by 2 Bacillus glycosyltransferases. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:687-690. [PMID: 33580686 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderic acid A (GAA) is a lanostane-type triterpenoid, isolated from medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum, and possesses multiple bioactivities. In the present study, GAA was sequentially biotransformed by 2 recently discovered Bacillus glycosyltransferases (GT), BtGT_16345 and BsGT110, and the final product was purified and identified as a new compound, GAA-15,26-O-β-diglucoside, which showed 1024-fold aqueous solubility than GAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Min Chiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jiumn-Yih Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Kinmen, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Tsai
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ju Ting
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Supported Silver Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Liquid-Phase Betulin Oxidation. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020469. [PMID: 33673079 PMCID: PMC7918243 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, it has been shown that betulin can be transformed into its biologically active oxo-derivatives (betulone, betulinic and betulonic aldehydes) by liquid-phase oxidation over supported silver catalysts under mild conditions. In order to identify the main factors determining the catalytic behavior of nanosilver catalysts in betulin oxidation, silver was deposited on various alumina supports (γ-alumina and boehmite) using deposition–precipitation with NaOH and incipient wetness impregnation methods, followed by treatment in H2 or O2. Silver catalysts and the corresponding supports were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the support nature, preparation and treatment methods predetermine not only the average Ag nanoparticles size and their distribution, but also the selectivity of betulin oxidation, and thereby, the catalytic behavior of Ag catalysts. In fact, the support nature had the most considerable effect. Betulin conversion, depending on the support, increased in the following order: Ag/boehmite < Ag/boehmite (calcined) < Ag/γ-alumina. However, in the same order, the share of side reactions catalyzed by strong Lewis acid centers of the support also increased. Poisoning of the latter by NaOH during catalysts preparation can reduce side reactions. Additionally, it was revealed that the betulin oxidation catalyzed by nanosilver catalysts is a structure-sensitive reaction.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abdullah, Khan MA, Ahmad W, Ahmad M, Adhikari A, Ibrar M, Rehman MU, Asif M. Antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:1796-1807. [PMID: 33557649 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1880427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew is in folk use in Pakistan as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and liver ailments. Therefore, we have investigated antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of the isolated compounds (ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid) from the chloroform fraction of Z. oxyphylla. Ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid showed significant DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activity as compared to control. In the acute toxicity study, ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid showed no toxic effects upto 200 mg/kg. The antinociceptive activity shown by ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid at 50 mg/kg was 64.28% and 65.35% compared to diclofenac sodium (72.3%) at 50 mg/kg. The percent inhibition of xylene-induced ear edema exhibited by ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid at 50 mg/kg was 51.33% and 58.66%, respectively, as compared to diclofenac sodium (72.66%). Both the isolated compounds exhibited inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema as compared to control. Hepatoprotection exhibited by zizybrenalic acid was more pronounced than ceanothic acid as observed from the decrease in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced elevation of serum biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, zizybrenalic acid produced a marked decline in CCl4-induced prolongation of phenobarbital-induced sleeping duration. Zizybrenalic acid exhibited 55.4 ± 1.37% inhibition of hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis compared to sodium salicylate (75.6 ± 2.15%). The histopathological damage caused by CCl4 was also countered by the administration of ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid. Ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid exhibited antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities. Zizybrenalic acid exhibited better antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activity than ceanothic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Mir Azam Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Muhammad Ibrar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Statistics, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Telomerase activators from 20(27)-octanor-cycloastragenol via biotransformation by the fungal endophytes. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104708. [PMID: 33621779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cycloastragenol [20(R),24(S)-epoxy-3β,6α,16β,25-tetrahydroxycycloartane] (CA), the principle sapogenol of many cycloartane-type glycosides found in Astragalus genus, is currently the only natural product in the anti-aging market as telomerase activator. Here, we report biotransformation of 20(27)-octanor-cycloastragenol (1), a thermal degradation product of CA, using Astragalus species originated endophytic fungi, viz. Penicillium roseopurpureum, Alternaria eureka, Neosartorya hiratsukae and Camarosporium laburnicola. Fifteen new biotransformation products (2-16) were isolated, and their structures were established by NMR and HRESIMS. Endophytic fungi were found to be capable of performing hydroxylation, oxidation, ring cleavage-methyl migration, dehydrogenation and Baeyer-Villiger type oxidation reactions on the starting compound (1), which would be difficult to achieve by conventional synthetic methods. In addition, the ability of the metabolites to increase telomerase activation in Hekn cells was evaluated, which showed from 1.08 to 12.4-fold activation compared to the control cells treated with DMSO. Among the compounds tested, 10, 11 and 12 were found to be the most potent in terms of telomerase activation with 12.40-, 7.89- and 5.43-fold increase, respectively (at 0.1, 2 and 10 nM concentrations, respectively).
Collapse
|
29
|
Hoang SA, Lamb D, Seshadri B, Sarkar B, Choppala G, Kirkham MB, Bolan NS. Rhizoremediation as a green technology for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123282. [PMID: 32634659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoremediation is increasingly becoming a green and sustainable alternative to physico-chemical methods for remediation of contaminated environments through the utilization of symbiotic relationship between plants and their associated soil microorganisms in the root zone. The overall efficiency can be enhanced by identifying suitable plant-microbe combinations for specific contaminants and supporting the process with the application of appropriate soil amendments. This approach not only involves promoting the existing activity of plants and soil microbes, but also introduces an adequate number of microorganisms with specific catabolic activity. Here, we reviewed recent literature on the main mechanisms and key factors in the rhizoremediation process with a particular focus on soils contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). We then discuss the potential of different soil amendments to accelerate the remediation efficiency based on biostimulation and bioaugmentation processes. Notwithstanding some successes in well-controlled environments, rhizoremediation of TPH under field conditions is still not widespread and considered less attractive than physico-chemical methods. We catalogued the major pitfalls of this remediation approach at the field scale in TPH-contaminated sites and, provide some applicable situations for the future successful use of in situ rhizoremediation of TPH-contaminated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Son A Hoang
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre (ATC) Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Division of Urban Infrastructural Engineering, Mien Trung University of Civil Engineering, Phu Yen 56000, Viet Nam
| | - Dane Lamb
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre (ATC) Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Balaji Seshadri
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre (ATC) Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Girish Choppala
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre (ATC) Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre (ATC) Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The Use of Non- Saccharomyces Yeast and Enzymes in Beer Production. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to test the potential of selected non-Saccharomyces strains for beer production, by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a control sample. For some of variants brewing enzymes were added to wort to increase the content of fermentable sugars. The non-Saccharomyces yeasts differed in the fermentation process rate. The basic beer physiochemical parameters were assessed, including: alcohol content, extract, free amino nitrogen, sugars, acidity, colour, and the profile of volatile compounds and metal ions. The use of enzymes caused an increase in alcohol and fusel alcohols concentration in beers obtained. Total acidity, free amine nitrogen content, colour and sugar content indicated that the tested non-Saccharomyces yeast allowed obtaining beers with the proper analytical parameters.
Collapse
|
31
|
Nogueira TSR, Passos MDS, Nascimento LPS, Arantes MBDS, Monteiro NO, Boeno SIDS, de Carvalho Junior A, Azevedo ODA, Terra WDS, Vieira MGC, Braz-Filho R, Curcino Vieira IJ. Chemical Compounds and Biologic Activities: A Review of Cedrela Genus. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25225401. [PMID: 33218181 PMCID: PMC7699174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The genus Cedrela P. Browne, which belongs to the Meliaceae family, has eighteen species. Trees of this genus are of economic interest due to wood quality, as well as being the focus of studies because of relevant biologic activities as in other Meliaceae species. These activities are mainly related to limonoids, a characteristic class of compounds in this family. Therefore, the aim of this review is to perform a survey of the citations in the literature on the Cedrela genus species. Articles were found on quantitative and qualitative phytochemical studies of the Cedrela species, revealing the chemical compounds identified, such as aliphatics acid and alcohol, flavonoids, tocopherol, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, cycloartanes, steroids, and limonoids. Although some activities were tested, the majority of studies focused on the insecticidal, antifeedant, or insect growth inhibitor activities of this genus. Nonetheless, the most promising activities were related to their antimalarial and antitripanocidal effects, although further investigations are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thalya Soares R. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +22-2748-6207
| | - Michel de S. Passos
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
| | - Lara Pessanha S. Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
| | - Mayara Barreto de S. Arantes
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
| | - Noemi O. Monteiro
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
| | - Samyra Imad da S. Boeno
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
| | | | - Otoniel de A. Azevedo
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, Campus I, Rua São Camilo de Léllis 01, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo 29304-910, Brazil;
| | - Wagner da S. Terra
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense, Campus Campos Centro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28030-130, Brazil; (W.d.S.T.); (M.G.C.V.)
| | - Milena Gonçalves C. Vieira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense, Campus Campos Centro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28030-130, Brazil; (W.d.S.T.); (M.G.C.V.)
| | - Raimundo Braz-Filho
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Ivo J. Curcino Vieira
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (L.P.S.N.); (M.B.d.S.A.); (N.O.M.); (S.I.d.S.B.); (R.B.-F.); (I.J.C.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic Acids Inhibit RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in Vitro and Inflammation-Induced Bone Loss in Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155240. [PMID: 32718089 PMCID: PMC7432734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Olean-12-en-27-oic acids possess a variety of pharmacological effects. However, their effects and underlying mechanisms on osteoclastogenesis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-osteoclastogenic effects of five olean-12-en-27-oic acid derivatives including 3α,23-isopropylidenedioxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (AR-1), 3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid (AR-2), 3α-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (AR-3), 23-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid (AR-4), and aceriphyllic acid A (AR-5). Among the five olean-12-en-27-oic acid derivatives, 3-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid derivatives, AR-3 and AR-5, significantly inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced mature osteoclast formation by reducing the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts, F-actin ring formation, and mineral resorption activity. AR-3 and AR-5 decreased RANKL-induced expression levels of osteoclast-specific marker genes such as c-Src, TRAP, and cathepsin K (CtsK) as well as c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). Mice treated with either AR-3 or AR-5 showed significant protection of the mice from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone destruction and osteoclast formation. In particular, AR-5 suppressed RANKL-induced phosphorylation of JNK and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The results suggest that AR-3 and AR-5 attenuate osteoclast formation in vitro and in vivo by suppressing RANKL-mediated MAPKs and NFATc1 signaling pathways and could potentially be lead compounds for the prevention or treatment of osteolytic bone diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
Cano-Flores A, Gómez J, S. Escalona-Torres I, Velasco-Bejarano B. Microorganisms as Biocatalysts and Enzyme Sources. Microorganisms 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
34
|
Liu Y, Lu H, Dong Q, Hao X, Qiao L. Maslinic acid induces anticancer effects in human neuroblastoma cells mediated via apoptosis induction and caspase activation, inhibition of cell migration and invasion and targeting MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. AMB Express 2020; 10:104. [PMID: 32488691 PMCID: PMC7266924 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Maslinic acid is an active member of pentacyclic triterpenes predominantly found in dietary plants including hawthorn berries and olive fruit skins. It has been reported to show immense pharmacological and biological importance including anticancer property. This research was initiated to explore the anticancer potential of maslinic acid against human neuroblastoma. The effects of maslinic acid on cellular apoptosis, ROS generation, cell migration and invasion, caspase activation and targeting MAPK/ERK signaling pathway were investigated. The proliferation percentage was calculated by performing of MTT assay. AO/EB and annexin V/PI staining assays along with western blotting were used to monitor the apoptosis and expressions of apoptosis connected proteins. Spectrofluorometry was used for ROS monitoring. To assess the anti-metastatic effects of maslinic acid on neuroblastoma cells, transwell chambers assays for migration as well as invasion were executed. Western blotting was implemented to establish the expressions of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway connected proteins. Results evidenced remarkable anticancer potential of maslinic acid against human neuroblastoma. It induced dose as well as time reliant anti-proliferative effects against SHSY-5Y cells selectively. The underlying mechanism of cancer suppressive effects of maslinic acid was found to mediate via caspase-dependent apoptosis. Further, ROS production amplified terrifically with exposure of SHSY-5Y to higher maslinic acid doses. Cell migration and invasion in SHSY-5Y cells were both reduced remarkably by maslinic acid. Finally, the activity of proteins associated with MAPK/ERK signaling pathway was found to be significantly reduced with increasing maslinic acid doses. In conclusion, it was observed that maslinic acid possesses a great anti-neuroblastoma potential and could be considered for its chemotherapy provided further investigations are recommended.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zardo DM, Alberti A, Zielinski AAF, Prestes AA, Esmerino LA, Nogueira A. Influence of solvents in the extraction of phenolic compounds with antibacterial activity from apple pomace. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1744652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Alberti
- Food Science and Technology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Alves Prestes
- Food Science and Technology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Esmerino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Nogueira
- Food Science and Technology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ekiz G, Yılmaz S, Yusufoglu H, Kırmızıbayrak PB, Bedir E. Microbial Transformation of Cycloastragenol and Astragenol by Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Astragalus Species. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2979-2985. [PMID: 31713424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of Astragalus sapogenins (cycloastragenol (1) and astragenol (2)) by Astragalus species originated endophytic fungi resulted in the production of five new metabolites (3, 7, 10, 12, 14) together with 10 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were established by NMR spectroscopic and HRMS analysis. Oxygenation, oxidation, epoxidation, dehydrogenation, and ring cleavage reactions were observed on the cycloartane (9,19-cyclolanostane) nucleus. The ability of the compounds to increase telomerase activity in neonatal cells was also evaluated. After prescreening studies to define potent telomerase activators, four compounds were selected for subsequent bioassays. These were performed using very low doses ranging from 0.1 to 30 nM compared to the control cells treated with DMSO. The positive control cycloastragenol and 8 were found to be the most active compounds, with 5.2- (2 nM) and 5.1- (0.5 nM) fold activations versus DMSO, respectively. At the lowest dose of 0.1 nM, compounds 4 and 13 provided 3.5- and 3.8-fold activations, respectively, while cycloastragenol showed a limited activation (1.5-fold).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Güner Ekiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Near East University , Nicosia , Mersin 10 , Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences , Ege University , 35100 Bornova-İzmir , Turkey
| | - Sinem Yılmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Alanya Aladdin Keykubat , Antalya 07400 , Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences , Ege University , 35100 Bornova-İzmir , Turkey
| | - Hasan Yusufoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University , 11942 Al-Kharj , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Erdal Bedir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering , Izmir Institute of Technology , 35430 Urla-Izmir , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Biswas T, Dwivedi UN. Plant triterpenoid saponins: biosynthesis, in vitro production, and pharmacological relevance. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1463-1486. [PMID: 31297656 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The saponins are a diverse class of natural products, with a broad scale distribution across different plant species. Chemically characterized as triterpenoid glycosides, they posses a 30C oxidosqualene precursor-based aglycone moiety (sapogenin), to which glycosyl residues are subsequently attached to yield the corresponding saponin. Based on the chemically distinct aglycone moieties, broadly, they are divided into triterpenoid saponins (dammaranes, ursanes, oleananes, lupanes, hopanes, etc.) and the sterol glycosides. This review aims to present in detail the biosynthesis patterns of the different aglycones from a common precursor and their glycosylation patterns to yield the functionally active glycoside. The review also presents recent advances in the pharmacological activities of these saponins, particularly as potent anti-neoplastic pharmacophores, antioxidants, or anti-viral/antibacterial agents. Since alternate production pedestals for these pharmacologically important triterpenes via cell and tissue cultures are an attractive option for their sustainable production, recent trends in the variety and scale of in vitro production of plant triterpenoids have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Upendra N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
- Institute for Development of Advanced Computing, ONGC Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chang TS, Wang TY, Hsueh TY, Lee YW, Chuang HM, Cai WX, Wu JY, Chiang CM, Wu YW. A Genome-Centric Approach Reveals a Novel Glycosyltransferase from the GA A07 Strain of Bacillus thuringiensis Responsible for Catalyzing 15- O-Glycosylation of Ganoderic Acid A. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5192. [PMID: 31635144 PMCID: PMC6829469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain GA A07 was identified as an intestinal Bacillus bacterium of zebrafish, which has high efficiency to biotransform the triterpenoid, ganoderic acid A (GAA), into GAA-15-O-β-glucoside. To date, only two known enzymes (BsUGT398 and BsUGT489) of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 strain can biotransform GAA. It is thus worthwhile to identify the responsible genes of strain GA A07 by whole genome sequencing. A complete genome of strain GA A07 was successfully assembled. A phylogenomic analysis revealed the species of the GA A07 strain to be Bacillus thuringiensis. Forty glycosyltransferase (GT) family genes were identified from the complete genome, among which three genes (FQZ25_16345, FQZ25_19840, and FQZ25_19010) were closely related to BsUGT398 and BsUGT489. Two of the three candidate genes, FQZ25_16345 and FQZ25_19010, were successfully cloned and expressed in a soluble form in Escherichia coli, and the corresponding proteins, BtGT_16345 and BtGT_19010, were purified for a biotransformation activity assay. An ultra-performance liquid chromatographic analysis further confirmed that only the purified BtGT_16345 had the key biotransformation activity of catalyzing GAA into GAA-15-O-β-glucoside. The suitable conditions for this enzyme activity were pH 7.5, 10 mM of magnesium ions, and 30 °C. In addition, BtGT_16345 showed glycosylation activity toward seven flavonoids (apigenein, quercetein, naringenein, resveratrol, genistein, daidzein, and 8-hydroxydaidzein) and two triterpenoids (GAA and antcin K). A kinetic study showed that the catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of BtGT_16345 was not significantly different compared with either BsUGT398 or BsUGT489. In short, this study identified BtGT_16345 from B. thuringiensis GA A07 is the catalytic enzyme responsible for the 15-O-glycosylation of GAA and it was also regioselective toward triterpenoid substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan.
| | - Tzi-Yuan Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Yu Hsueh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Wen Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Mei Chuang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Xuan Cai
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan.
| | - Jiumn-Yih Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Kinmen County 892, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Min Chiang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, No. 60, Erh-Jen Rd., Sec. 1, Jen-Te District, Tainan 71710, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dhakal D, Sohng JK, Pandey RP. Engineering actinomycetes for biosynthesis of macrolactone polyketides. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:137. [PMID: 31409353 PMCID: PMC6693128 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacteria are characterized as the most prominent producer of natural products (NPs) with pharmaceutical importance. The production of NPs from these actinobacteria is associated with particular biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in these microorganisms. The majority of these BGCs include polyketide synthase (PKS) or non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) or a combination of both PKS and NRPS. Macrolides compounds contain a core macro-lactone ring (aglycone) decorated with diverse functional groups in their chemical structures. The aglycon is generated by megaenzyme polyketide synthases (PKSs) from diverse acyl-CoA as precursor substrates. Further, post-PKS enzymes are responsible for allocating the structural diversity and functional characteristics for their biological activities. Macrolides are biologically important for their uses in therapeutics as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, immunosuppressants, anti-parasites and many more. Thus, precise genetic/metabolic engineering of actinobacteria along with the application of various chemical/biological approaches have made it plausible for production of macrolides in industrial scale or generation of their novel derivatives with more effective biological properties. In this review, we have discussed versatile approaches for generating a wide range of macrolide structures by engineering the PKS and post-PKS cascades at either enzyme or cellular level in actinobacteria species, either the native or heterologous producer strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, 31460 Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, 31460 Chungnam Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, 31460 Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Prasad Pandey
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, 31460 Chungnam Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, 31460 Chungnam Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Influence of Selected Abiotic Factors on Triterpenoid Biosynthesis and Saponin Secretion in Marigold ( Calendula officinalis L.) in Vitro Hairy Root Cultures. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162907. [PMID: 31405141 PMCID: PMC6720177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was the evaluation of the efficiency of selected abiotic elicitors, i.e., silver and cadmium ions, ultrasound, and UV-C irradiation, in the stimulation of triterpenoid biosynthesis, accumulation, and saponin secretion in Calendula officinalis hairy root cultures. Apart from the possible enhancement of triterpenoid production, the relationship between primary and secondary metabolism (represented respectively by sterols and pentacyclic triterpenes), modifications of the sterol compositional profile, and fluctuations in the total triterpenoid content were monitored in the performed experiments. The main phenomenon observed as a response to heavy metal treatment was the stimulation (up to 12-fold) of the secretion of saponins, accompanied by significant changes in sterol composition. Ultrasound stimulated the secretion of saponins (up to 11-fold); however, it exerted diverse influences on the triterpenoid content in hairy root tissue (stimulating or decreasing) depending on the duration of the exposure to the elicitor. UV-C radiation caused a slight increase in the content of both sterols and saponins in hairy root tissue, and stimulated saponin secretion up to 8.5-fold. The expected symptoms of the competition between the biosynthetic pathways of sterols and pentacyclic triterpenoids were less evident in reactions to abiotic stressors than those reported previously for biotic elicitors.
Collapse
|
41
|
Ghante MH, Jamkhande PG. Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Chemoprevention and Anticancer Treatment: An Overview on Targets and Underling Mechanisms. J Pharmacopuncture 2019; 22:55-67. [PMID: 31338244 PMCID: PMC6645347 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.201.22.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidences of cancer are continuously increasing worldwide, affecting life of millions of people. Several factors associated with the internal and external environment are responsible for this deadly disease. The key internal determinants like abnormal hormonal regulation, genetic mutations and external determinants such as lifestyle and occupational factors enhances onset of cancer. From the ancient time, plants were remained as the most trusted source of medicine for the treatment of diverse disease conditions. Extensive studies have been performed for the discovery of effective anticancer agent from the plant and still it is going on. Pentacyclic triterpenoids are biologically active phytochemicals having a different range of activities such as anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-hypertensive, antiulcerogenic and anti-tumor. These compounds generally contain ursane, oleanane, lupane and friedelane as a chief skeleton of pentacyclic triterpenoids which are generally present in higher plants. Isoprene unit, phytochemical, with good antitumor/anticancer activity is required for the biosynthesis of pentacyclic triterpenoids. Mechanisms such as cytotoxicity, DNA polymerase inhibition, regulation of apoptosis, change in signal transductions, interfere with angiogenesis and dedifferentiation, antiproliferative activity and metastasis inhibition are might be responsible for their anticancer effect. Present review spotlights diverse targets, mechanisms and pathways of pentacyclic triterpenoids responsible for anticancer effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir H Ghante
- Centre for Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sharda Bhavan Education Society's Nanded Pharmacy College, Nanded 431605, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasad G Jamkhande
- Centre for Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sharda Bhavan Education Society's Nanded Pharmacy College, Nanded 431605, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sun L, Tao S, Zhang S. Characterization and Quantification of Polyphenols and Triterpenoids in Thinned Young Fruits of Ten Pear Varieties by UPLC-Q TRAP-MS/MS. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010159. [PMID: 30609827 PMCID: PMC6337724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Large quantities of thinned young pears, a natural source of bioactive compounds, are abandoned as agricultural by-products in many orchards. Hence, ten thinned young pear varieties were systematically investigated in terms of their chemical composition and antioxidant potential. Through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q TRAP-MS/MS), 102 polyphenols and 16 triterpenoids were identified and individually quantified within a short time using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Subsequently, the antioxidant capacities of these pears were determined with DPPH assays, and the correlation between total antioxidant activity and each component was analyzed. The results indicated that the bioactive compound content and antioxidant capacity in thinned pears were considerably high. Regarding chemical composition, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid and arbutin were the primary polyphenols and ursolic acid was the predominant triterpenoid, whereas 27 polyphenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acid and most of the flavan-3-ols, were the main antioxidants in young pears. These findings should provide a scientific basis for the further use of pear fruit by-products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shutian Tao
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cháirez‐Ramírez MH, Gallegos‐Infante JA, Moreno‐Jiménez MR, González‐Laredo RF, Rocha‐Guzmán NE. Absorption and distribution of lupeol in CD‐1 mice evaluated by UPLC–APCI
+
–MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4432. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Humberto Cháirez‐Ramírez
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y BioquímicaTecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango Durango Dgo Mexico
| | - Jose Alberto Gallegos‐Infante
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y BioquímicaTecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango Durango Dgo Mexico
| | - Martha Rocio Moreno‐Jiménez
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y BioquímicaTecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango Durango Dgo Mexico
| | - Ruben Francisco González‐Laredo
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y BioquímicaTecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango Durango Dgo Mexico
| | - Nuria Elizabeth Rocha‐Guzmán
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y BioquímicaTecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango Durango Dgo Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Biotransformation of Ganoderic Acid A to 3-O-Acetyl Ganoderic Acid A by Soil-isolated Streptomyces sp. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation4040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum contains many bioactive triterpenoids, ganoderic acid A (GAA) being one of the major ones. The present study explored the microbial biotransformation of GAA, isolating 283 strains of soil actinomycetes and determining their abilities to biotransform GAA with ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis. One positive strain, AI 045, was selected to validate the biotransformation activity. The strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. based on the sequenced 16S rRNA gene. The produced compound obtained from the biotransformation of GAA was purified with the preparative high-performance liquid chromatography method and identified as 3-O-acetyl GAA based on mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. The present study is the first report that bacteria have the novel ability to biotransform the triterpenoids of fungus G. lucidum. Moreover, the identified 3-O-acetyl GAA is a new triterpenoid product discovered in microbes.
Collapse
|
45
|
Uridine Diphosphate-Dependent Glycosyltransferases from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 Catalyze the 15- O-Glycosylation of Ganoderic Acid A. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113469. [PMID: 30400606 PMCID: PMC6275011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis ATCC (American type culture collection) 6633 was found to biotransform ganoderic acid A (GAA), which is a major lanostane triterpenoid from the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum. Five glycosyltransferase family 1 (GT1) genes of this bacterium, including two uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes, BsUGT398 and BsUGT489, were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography confirmed the two purified UGT proteins biotransform ganoderic acid A into a metabolite, while the other three purified GT1 proteins cannot biotransform GAA. The optimal enzyme activities of BsUGT398 and BsUGT489 were at pH 8.0 with 10 mM of magnesium or calcium ion. In addition, no candidates showed biotransformation activity toward antcin K, which is a major ergostane triterpenoid from the fruiting bodies of Antrodia cinnamomea. One biotransformed metabolite from each BsUGT enzyme was then isolated with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The isolated metabolite from each BsUGT was identified as ganoderic acid A-15-O-β-glucoside by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The two BsUGTs in the present study are the first identified enzymes that catalyze the 15-O-glycosylation of triterpenoids.
Collapse
|
46
|
New Triterpenoid from Novel Triterpenoid 15- O-Glycosylation on Ganoderic Acid A by Intestinal Bacteria of Zebrafish. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092345. [PMID: 30217066 PMCID: PMC6225395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional bacteria that could biotransform triterpenoids may exist in the diverse microflora of fish intestines. Ganoderic acid A (GAA) is a major triterpenoid from the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum. In studying the microbial biotransformation of GAA, dozens of intestinal bacteria were isolated from the excreta of zebrafish. The bacteria's ability to catalyze GAA were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis. One positive strain, GA A07, was selected for functional studies. GA A07 was confirmed as Bacillus sp., based on the DNA sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. The biotransformed metabolite was purified with the preparative high-performance liquid chromatography method and identified as GAA-15-O-β-glucoside, based on the mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. The present study is the first to report the glycosylation of Ganoderma triterpenoids. Moreover, 15-O-glycosylation is a new microbial biotransformation of triterpenoids, and the biotransformed metabolite, GAA-15-O-β-glucoside, is a new compound.
Collapse
|
47
|
Saponins of sea cucumber attenuate atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice via lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory properties. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
48
|
Abstract
The biotransformation of antcin K, a major ergostane triterpenoid from the fruiting bodies of Antrodia cinnamomea, by Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) ATCC 6633 was studied. Four metabolites from the biotransformation were isolated with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and identified as 25S-antcin K 26-O-β-glucoside, 25R-antcin K 26-O-β-glucoside, 25S-antcin K 26-O-β-(6′-O-succinyl)-glucoside, and 25R-antcin K 26-O-β-(6′-O-succinyl)-glucoside with mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis. By using either 25S-antcin K 26-O-β-glucoside or 25R-antcin K 26-O-β-glucoside as the biotransformation precursor, it was proven that 25S-antcin K 26-O-β-(6′-O-succinyl)-glucoside and 25R-antcin K 26-O-β-(6′-O-succinyl)-glucoside were biotransformed from 25S-antcin K 26-O-β-glucoside and 25R-antcin K 26-O-β-glucoside, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the glycosylation of triterpenoids from A. cinnamomea, and the first time the succinylation of triterpenoid glycosides by microorganisms has been found. In addition, all four antcin K glucoside derivatives are new compounds.
Collapse
|
49
|
Sultana N. Microbial biotransformation of bioactive and clinically useful steroids and some salient features of steroids and biotransformation. Steroids 2018; 136:76-92. [PMID: 29360535 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are perhaps one of the most widely used group of drugs in present day. Beside the established utilization as immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, progestational, diuretic, sedative, anabolic and contraceptive agents, recent applications of steroid compounds include the treatment of some forms of cancer, osteoporosis, HIV infections and treatment of declared AIDS. Steroids isolated are often available in minute amounts. So biotransformation of natural products provides a powerful means in solving supply problems in clinical trials and marketing of the drug for obtaining natural products in bulk amounts. If the structure is complex, it is often an impossible task to isolate enough of the natural products for clinical trials. The microbial biotransformation of steroids yielded several novel metabolites, exhibiting different activities. The metabolites produced from pregnenolone acetate by Cunning hamella elegans and Rhizopus stolonifer were screened against tyrosinase and cholinesterase showed significant inhibitory activities than the parent compound. Diosgenin and its transformed sarsasapogenin were screened for their acetyl cholinesterase and butyryl cholinesterase inhibitory activities. Sarsasapogenin was screened for phytotoxicity, and was found to be more active than the parent compound. Diosgenin, prednisone and their derivatives were screened for their anti-leishmanial activity. All derivatives were found to be more active than the parent compound. The biotransformation of steroids have been reviewed to a little extent. This review focuses on the biotransformation and functions of selected steroids, the classification, advantages and agents of enzymatic biotransformation and examines the potential role of new enzymatically transformed steroids and their derivatives in the chemoprevention and treatment of other diseases. tyrosinase and cholinesterase inhibitory activities, severe asthma, rheumatic disorders, renal disorders and diseases of inflammatory bowel, skin, gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Sultana
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Off University Road, Karachi 75280, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Özçinar Ö, Tağ Ö, Yusufoglu H, Kivçak B, Bedir E. Biotransformation of ruscogenins by Cunninghamella blakesleeana NRRL 1369 and neoruscogenin by endophytic fungus Neosartorya hiratsukae. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 152:1-9. [PMID: 29689318 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of steroidal ruscogenins (neoruscogenin and ruscogenin) was carried out with Cunninghamella blakesleeana NRRL 1369 and endophytic fungus Neosartorya hiratsukae yielding mainly P450 monooxygenase products together with a glycosylated compound. Fermentation of ruscogenins (75:25, neoruscogenin-ruscogenin mixture) with C. blakesleeana yielded 8 previously undescribed hydroxylated compounds. Furthermore, microbial transformation of neoruscogenin by endophytic fungus N. hiratsukae afforded three previously undescribed neoruscogenin derivatives. While hydroxylation at C-7, C-12, C-14, C-21 with further oxidation at C-1 and C-7 were observed with C. blakesleeana, N. hiratsukae biotransformation provided C-7 and C-12 hydroxylated compounds along with C-12 oxidized and C-1(O) glycosylated derivatives. The structures of the metabolites were elucidated by 1-D (1H, 13C and DEPT135) and 2-D NMR (COSY, HMBC, HMQC, NOESY, ROESY) as well as HR-MS analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özge Özçinar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Tağ
- Bionorm Natural Products Production & Marketing Corp., İTOB, 35477 Menderes, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yusufoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942 Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bijen Kivçak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Erdal Bedir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|