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El Bouchtaoui FZ, Ablouh EH, Mhada M, Kassem I, Gracia DR, El Achaby M. Humic Acid-Functionalized Lignin-Based Coatings Regulate Nutrient Release and Promote Wheat Productivity and Grain Quality. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30355-30370. [PMID: 38805353 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The rational application of fertilizers is crucial for achieving high crop yields and ensuring global food security. The use of biopolymers for slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) development has emerged as a game-changer and environmentally sustainable pathway to enhance crop yields by optimizing plant growth phases. Herein, with a renewed focus on circular bioeconomy, a novel functionalized lignin-based coating material (FLGe) was developed for the sustained release of nutrients. This innovative approach involved the extraction and sustainable functionalization of lignin through a solvent-free esterification reaction with humic acid─an organic compound widely recognized for its biostimulant properties in agriculture. The primary objective was to fortify the hydration barrier of lignin by reducing the number of its free hydroxyl groups, thereby enhancing release control, while simultaneously harnessing the agronomic benefits offered by humic acid. After confirming the synthesis of functionalized lignin (FLGe) through 13C NMR analysis, it was integrated at varying proportions into either a cellulosic or starch matrix. This resulted in the creation of five distinct formulations, which were then utilized as coatings for diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer. Experimental findings revealed an improved morphology and hardness (almost 3-fold) of DAP fertilizer granules after coating along with a positive impact on the soil's water retention capacity (7%). Nutrient leaching in soil was monitored for 100 days and a substantial reduction of nutrients leaching up to 80% was successfully achieved using coated DAP fertilizer. Furthermore, to get a fuller picture of their efficiency, a pot trial was performed using two different soil textures and demonstrated that the application of FLGe-based SRFs significantly enhanced the physiological and agronomic parameters of wheat, including leaf evolution and root architecture, resulting in an almost 50% increase in grain yield and improved quality. The results proved the potential of lignin functionalization to advance agricultural sustainability and foster a robust bioeconomy aligning with the premise "from the soil to the soil".
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima-Zahra El Bouchtaoui
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660─Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - El-Houssaine Ablouh
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660─Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Manal Mhada
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES), AgroBioSciences Program (AgBS) Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660─Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Ihsane Kassem
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660─Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Dachena Romain Gracia
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES), AgroBioSciences Program (AgBS) Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660─Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mounir El Achaby
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660─Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
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2
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Aghajani M, Dabiri M. Ultrasound-assisted Cu(II) Strecker-functionalized organocatalyst for green azide-alkyne cycloaddition and Ullmann reactions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12141. [PMID: 38802456 PMCID: PMC11130308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A new aminonitrile-functionalized Fe3O4 has been synthesized via the Strecker reaction, the designed aminonitrile ligand on the surface of the magnetic core coordinated to copper(II) to obtain the final new catalyst. The fabricated nanocatalyst was characterized by Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Vibrating-Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The high tendency of nitrogens in the aminonitrile functional group to make a complex with Cu(II) has caused the practical activity of this nucleus in this catalyst. This nanocatalyst performance was investigated in azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (3 + 2) reaction for achieving to 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in water as a green media at room temperature. In another try, Classic Ullmann Reaction was investigated for the synthesis of biaryls at 85 °C promoted by ultrasonic condition (37 kHz). The reaction scope was explored using different reactants and the results of using this developed catalytic system demonstrated its capacity to reduce the reaction time and enhance the reaction efficiency to provide good to excellent product yield. Conversely, the simple recycling and reusability of this catalyst for at least six times without any noticeable leaching of copper makes it a potential future catalyst for synthesizing such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Aghajani
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Oil, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Minoo Dabiri
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Oil, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Islamic Republic of Iran
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3
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Lindenbeck LM, Barra VC, Dahlhaus S, Brand S, Wende LM, Beele BB, Schebb NH, Rodrigues BVM, Slabon A. Organic Chemicals from Wood: Selective Depolymerization and Dearomatization of Lignin via Aqueous Electrocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301617. [PMID: 38179850 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Replacing crude oil as the primary industrial source of carbon-based chemicals has become crucial for both environmental and resource sustainability reasons. In this scenario, wood arises as an excellent candidate, whilst depolymerization approaches have emerged as promising strategies to unlock the lignin potential as a resource in the production of high-value organic chemicals. However, many drawbacks, such as toxic solvents, expensive catalysts, high energy inputs, and poor product selectivity have represented major challenges to this task. Herein, we present an unprecedented approach using electrocatalysis for the simultaneous depolymerization and dearomatization of lignin in aqueous medium under ambient conditions. By employing water/sodium carbonate as a solvent system, we demonstrated a pathway for selectively depolymerizing lignin under reductive electrochemical conditions using carbon as an electrocatalyst. After reductive electrocatalysis, the presence of aromatic compounds was no longer detected via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Further characterization by NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry revealed the major presences of sodium levulinate, sodium 4-hydroxyvalerate, sodium formate, and sodium acetate as products. By achieving a complete dearomatization, valuable aliphatic intermediates with enhanced reactivity were selectively obtained, opening new avenues for further synthesis of many different organic chemicals, and contributing to a more sustainable and circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie M Lindenbeck
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Vanessa C Barra
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sira Dahlhaus
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Silas Brand
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Luca M Wende
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Food Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Björn B Beele
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils H Schebb
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Food Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Bruno V M Rodrigues
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Adam Slabon
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
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4
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Gu Y, Shen Y, Wu T, Hu F, Wang T. Comprehensive enhancement of flame retardant starch/cellulose/diatomite composite foams via metal-organic coordination. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131313. [PMID: 38569997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable attention has been given to the utilization of biomass for producing bio-based foams, such as starch-based foams. Despite their renewability and widespread availability, these foams still present certain drawbacks regarding their poor mechanical properties and flammability. To tackle these concerns, a metal ion cross-linking strategy was employed by incorporating calcium ions (Ca2+) solution into foamed starch/cellulose slurry. Followed by ambient drying, starch/cellulose composite foam was successfully fabricated with a remarkable enhancement in various properties. Specifically, compared to the control sample, the compressive strength and modulus increased by 26.2 % and 123.0 %, respectively. Additionally, the Ca2+ cross-linked starch/cellulose composite foam exhibited excellent heat resistance, water stability, and flame retardancy. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) reached 52 %, with a vertical combustion rating of V-0. Along with the addition of 2 phr diatomite, it demonstrated a significant enhancement on flame retardancy with a LOI of 65 %, although the apparent density of the composite foam was not low enough. This study indicated a green and simple method to obtain starch-based composite foams with enhanced comprehensive properties including thermal, water stability, mechanical, and flame retardancy, expanding their potential applications in areas such as building materials and rigid packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Gu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yucai Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Tinghao Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Fangzhou Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tingwei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Verdugo P, Santiago D, De la Flor S, Serra À. A Biobased Epoxy Vitrimer with Dual Relaxation Mechanism: A Promising Material for Renewable, Reusable, and Recyclable Adhesives and Composites. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:5965-5978. [PMID: 38638547 PMCID: PMC11022369 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis of a novel biobased epoxy monomer derived from vanillin and cystamine, incorporating imine and disulfide exchangeable groups within its structure. A series of epoxy-based vitrimers with two simultaneous exchange relaxation processes have been produced using this monomer. These exchange mechanisms operate without the need for any catalyst. Four different amine curing agents have been employed to achieve vitrimers with glass transition temperatures around 100 °C and excellent thermal stability. Through dynamic-mechanical analyses, thermomechanical properties and vitrimeric characteristics have been investigated, revealing remarkably fast stress relaxation at relatively low temperatures without significant creep below the glass transition temperature. Leveraging the dual exchange mechanism, the chemical degradability of these vitrimers has been explored through two accessible methodologies, and the material's reformation after degradation has been demonstrated in both cases. Furthermore, the material has been mechanically recycled, maintaining almost the same properties. Finally, these materials have been used to fabricate and recycle carbon-fiber-reinforced composite material and reversible adhesives, showcasing their promising potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Verdugo
- Technology
Center of Catalonia - Chemical Technologies Unit, Eurecat, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 2, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Department
of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí
Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Santiago
- Technology
Center of Catalonia - Chemical Technologies Unit, Eurecat, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 2, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira
i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Silvia De la Flor
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira
i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Àngels Serra
- Department
of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí
Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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6
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Zhang H, Zhang B, Cai C, Zhang K, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Wu Y, Ba X, Hoogenboom R. Water-dispersible X-ray scintillators enabling coating and blending with polymer materials for multiple applications. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2055. [PMID: 38448434 PMCID: PMC10917805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing X-ray scintillators that are water-dispersible, compatible with polymeric matrices, and processable to flexible substrates is an important challenge. Herein, Tb3+-doped Na5Lu9F32 is introduced as an X-ray scintillating material with steady-state X-ray light yields of 15,800 photons MeV-1, which is generated as nanocrystals on halloysite nanotubes. The obtained product exhibits good water-dispersibility and highly sensitive luminescence to X-rays. It is deposited onto a polyurethane foam to afford a composite foam material with dose-dependent radioluminescence. Moreover, the product is dispersed into polymer matrixes in aqueous solution to prepare rigid or flexible scintillator screen for X-ray imaging. As a third example, it is incorporated multilayer hydrogels for information camouflage and multilevel encryption. Encrypted information can be recognized only by X-ray irradiation, while the false information is read out under UV light. Altogether, we demonstrate that the water-dispersible scintillators are highly promising for aqueous processing of radioluminescent, X-ray imaging, and information encrypting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailei Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China.
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 281-S4, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China
| | - Chongyang Cai
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 281-S4, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China
| | - Yanmin Yang
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China.
| | - Yonggang Wu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China
| | - Xinwu Ba
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Road, 071002, Baoding, China
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 281-S4, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
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7
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Pappa CP, Cailotto S, Gigli M, Crestini C, Triantafyllidis KS. Kraft (Nano)Lignin as Reactive Additive in Epoxy Polymer Bio-Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:553. [PMID: 38399931 PMCID: PMC10893208 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for high-performance bio-based materials towards achieving more sustainable manufacturing and circular economy models is growing significantly. Kraft lignin (KL) is an abundant and highly functional aromatic/phenolic biopolymer, being the main side product of the pulp and paper industry, as well as of the more recent 2nd generation biorefineries. In this study, KL was incorporated into a glassy epoxy system based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and an amine curing agent (Jeffamine D-230), being utilized as partial replacement of the curing agent and the DGEBA prepolymer or as a reactive additive. A D-230 replacement by pristine (unmodified) KL of up to 14 wt.% was achieved while KL-epoxy composites with up to 30 wt.% KL exhibited similar thermo-mechanical properties and substantially enhanced antioxidant properties compared to the neat epoxy polymer. Additionally, the effect of the KL particle size was investigated. Ball-milled kraft lignin (BMKL, 10 μm) and nano-lignin (NLH, 220 nm) were, respectively, obtained after ball milling and ultrasonication and were studied as additives in the same epoxy system. Significantly improved dispersion and thermo-mechanical properties were obtained, mainly with nano-lignin, which exhibited fully transparent lignin-epoxy composites with higher tensile strength, storage modulus and glass transition temperature, even at 30 wt.% loadings. Lastly, KL lignin was glycidylized (GKL) and utilized as a bio-based epoxy prepolymer, achieving up to 38 wt.% replacement of fossil-based DGEBA. The GKL composites exhibited improved thermo-mechanical properties and transparency. All lignins were extensively characterized using NMR, TGA, GPC, and DLS techniques to correlate and justify the epoxy polymer characterization results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina P. Pappa
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Simone Cailotto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Matteo Gigli
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Claudia Crestini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Konstantinos S. Triantafyllidis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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8
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Huo M, Chen J, Jin C, Huo S, Liu G, Kong Z. Preparation, characterization, and application of waterborne lignin-based epoxy resin as eco-friendly wood adhesive. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129327. [PMID: 38219939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel waterborne lignin-based epoxy resin emulsions (WLEPs) were successfully synthesized, and then the WLEPs were cured with polyamide (PA) to give formaldehyde-free wood adhesives with high-performance. The chemical structures and properties of WLEP emulsions were determined. The effects of the emulsifiers on thermal and mechanical properties of the adhesives were investigated, and the potential application of WLEPs in the formulation of plywood were also evaluated. The results demonstrated that the WLEP dispersions presented excellent storage stability (>180 days) with their viscosities range from 110 mPa·s to 470 mPa·s and particle sizes in the range of 321-696 nm, which were beneficial for the fluidity and permeability of the wood adhesives. Furthermore, the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives could be tuned effectively by controlling the length of PEG chains. The adhesive bearing PEG 6000 exhibited the highest tensile strength of 24.0 MPa and Young's modulus of 1439 MPa. Notably, the plywood prepared with the resulting adhesives displayed good bonding performance, especially water resistance, which were much higher than the national standard requirement for exterior-grade plywood type I. These results indicated that the WLEPs could be used as sustainable alternatives for traditional formaldehyde-based wood adhesives in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Huo
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Can Jin
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuping Huo
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guifeng Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zhenwu Kong
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
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9
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Fazeli M, Mukherjee S, Baniasadi H, Abidnejad R, Mujtaba M, Lipponen J, Seppälä J, Rojas OJ. Lignin beyond the status quo: recent and emerging composite applications. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2024; 26:593-630. [PMID: 38264324 PMCID: PMC10802143 DOI: 10.1039/d3gc03154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The demand for biodegradable materials across various industries has recently surged due to environmental concerns and the need for the adoption of renewable materials. In this context, lignin has emerged as a promising alternative, garnering significant attention as a biogenic resource that endows functional properties. This is primarily ascribed to its remarkable origin and structure that explains lignin's capacity to bind other molecules, reinforce composites, act as an antioxidant, and endow antimicrobial effects. This review summarizes recent advances in lignin-based composites, with particular emphasis on innovative methods for modifying lignin into micro and nanostructures and evaluating their functional contribution. Indeed, lignin-based composites can be tailored to have superior physicomechanical characteristics, biodegradability, and surface properties, thereby making them suitable for applications beyond the typical, for instance, in ecofriendly adhesives and advanced barrier technologies. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest progress in the field of lignin utilization in emerging composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Fazeli
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Sritama Mukherjee
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
- Division of Fiber and Polymer Technology, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hossein Baniasadi
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - Roozbeh Abidnejad
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Muhammad Mujtaba
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd P.O. Box 1000 Espoo FI-02044 Finland
| | - Juha Lipponen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
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10
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Ou Y, Xing Y, Yang Z, Huang J, He J, Jiang F, Zhang Y. Strong and ultrafast stimulus-healable lignin-based composite elastomers with excellent adhesion properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128507. [PMID: 38040144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
With the increased environmental issues, advanced high-performance and multifunctional polymeric materials derived from biomass have tremendous attention due to the great potential to replace their traditional petroleum-based counterparts. In this work, a series of lignin graft copolymers, lignin-graft-poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) (Lig-g-P(BA-co-AA)), were rationally prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. These lignin-based copolymers demonstrate good thermal stability and tunable glass transition temperature (Tg) values. The mechanical performance, including tensile strength, extensibility, Young's modulus, and toughness can be facilely adjusted by the BA/AA feed ratio and lignin content during polymerization. Owing to the extraordinary photothermal conversion ability of lignin, the Lig-B550 copolymer, containing 11.8 wt% lignin content, shows excellent stimulus-healing behavior within 1 min with a 97.1 % healing efficiency under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Moreover, the Lig-g-P(BA-co-AA) copolymers exhibit remarkable adhesion property, broadening their potential applications in the adhesive area. This grafting strategy is versatile and efficient, conferring the resultant lignin-based composite elastomers with dramatically enhanced mechanical properties and unprecedented photothermal behavior, which can inspire the further development of strong lignin-based sustainable elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtao Ou
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yuxian Xing
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jiajing Huang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Juan He
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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11
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Sun SC, Sun SF, Xu Y, Wen JL, Yuan TQ. Green and sustainable production of high-purity lignin microparticles with well-preserved substructure and enhanced anti-UV/oxidant activity using peroxide-promoted alkaline deep eutectic solvent. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127057. [PMID: 37751817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising and eco-friendly solvents for the efficient extraction of lignin from biomass due to their low cost and environmental benefits. Nevertheless, the prevalent use of acidic DESs in lignin extraction often results in excessive depolymerization and recondensation of lignin, thereby impeding its downstream applications. In this study, we developed a range of alkaline DESs (ADESs), both pure and peroxide-containing, for the extraction of high-quality lignin from bamboo. Moreover, carbon dioxide (CO2) was employed for the precipitation and regeneration of the extracted lignin. The obtained lignin fractions were comprehensively characterized in terms of yield, purity, morphology, solubility, structural features, and anti-UV/oxidant activity. The results showed that the monoethanolamine-based ADES demonstrated superior performance among the pure ADESs. Structural analysis confirmed the well-preserved substructures of lignin fractions obtained using ADESs, with β-O-4 bond retention ranging from 49.8 % to 68.4 %. The incorporation of a suitable amount of peroxide improved lignin yield, morphology, solubility, and anti-UV/oxidant activity. Additionally, the anti-UV/oxidant activity of lignin exhibited a positive correlation with its phenolic hydroxyl content. This study provides a valuable reference for the green and sustainable production and valorization of lignin within the existing biorefinery framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chao Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shao-Fei Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia-Long Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Tong-Qi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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12
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Li S, Hong D, Sun K. Lignin precursors enhance exolaccase-started humification of bisphenol A to form functional polymers. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (ONLINE) 2023; 2:219-226. [PMID: 38435360 PMCID: PMC10902508 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Humification plays a significant role in converting phenolic pollutants and forming heterogeneous polymers, but few studies have been performed to investigate exolaccase-started humification (ESH). Herein, the influences of lignin precursors (LPs) on exolaccase-induced bisphenol A (BPA) removal and humification were explored. In particular, the architectural features and botanical effects of the formed humification products were also tested. ESH was extremely beneficial in boosting BPA removal in the presence of LPs. Compared with LP-free (58.49%), 100% of BPA was eliminated after the reaction with ESH for 72 h. Such a process was controlled by an exolaccase-caused random assembly of radicals, which generated a large number of hydrophobic polymers through nonspecific covalent binding of C-C and/or C-O. These humified polymers were extremely stable at pH 2.0-10.0 and -20 °C to 80 °C and displayed unique functions, i.e., scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/2,2'-azino-bis3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radicals and exerted antioxidant capacities. More importantly, the functional polymers could act as auxin analogs to increase the germination index (>100%), plant biomass, and salt tolerance of radish seedlings. Our findings disclosed that ESH could not only be optimized to mitigate the ecological risks of phenolic pollutants and sequester organic carbon in environmental bioremediation, but the resulting abundant auxin analogs also contributed to agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Li
- Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Dan Hong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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13
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Wu Z, Lin X, Teng J, Li M, Song J, Huang C, Wang R, Ying H, Zhang L, Zhu C. Recent Advances of Lignin Functionalization for High-Performance and Advanced Functional Rubber Composites. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4553-4567. [PMID: 37813827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The biomass lignin is the only large-volume renewable feedstock that is composed of aromatics but has been largely underutilized and is sought for valorization as a value-added material. Recent research has highlighted lignin as a promising alternative to traditional petrol-based reinforcements and functional additives for rubber composites. This review summarized the recent advances in the functionalization of lignin for a variety of rubber composites, as well as the compounding techniques for effectively dispersing lignin within the rubber matrix. Significant progress has been achieved in the development of high-performance and advanced functional rubber/lignin composites through carefully designing the structure of lignin-based additives and the optimization of interfacial morphologies. This Review discussed the effect of lignin on composite properties, including mechanical reinforcement, dynamic properties, antiaging performance, and oil resistance, and also the advanced stimuli-responsive performance in detail. A critical analysis for the future development of rubber/lignin composites is presented as concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhe Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiran Lin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiye Teng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Runguo Wang
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Emergent Elastomers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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14
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Sternberg J, Pilla S. Thermoplastic Polymer from Lignin: Creating an Extended Polyamide Network through Reactive Kraft Lignin Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40110-40118. [PMID: 37929110 PMCID: PMC10620871 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermoplastic polymers have many desirable properties for consumer applications and are complemented by efficient thermal processing techniques, reducing the cost of manufacturing. Lignin exists as an immense biobased carbon source but has largely been researched for its use in thermoset materials due to its own cross-linked, polyfunctional nature. In this study, a new reaction design is employed to create a thermoplastic polyamide network incorporating lignin that is tested to be 99% biobased carbon by radiocarbon analysis. Chemical analysis reveals the nature of lignin incorporation based on chain extension and cross-linking models. The thermal and rheological properties of the new polymers are thoroughly investigated to demonstrate the higher melt-strength capability of the lignin-based polymers facilitating their use in modern processing equipment. This analysis results in finding an optimal lignin loading ratio in the polymer composition reflected by improved tensile strength and stiffness. The results point to a promising polymer design for applying industrial kraft lignin in high-value thermoplastic polymer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Sternberg
- Department
of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Srikanth Pilla
- Center
for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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15
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Delavarde A, Lemouzy S, Lebrun A, Pinaud J, Caillol S. Paving the Way towards Sustainability of Polyurethanes: Synthesis and Properties of Terpene-Based Diisocyanate. Molecules 2023; 28:7133. [PMID: 37894612 PMCID: PMC10609554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to growing concerns about environmental issues and the decline of petroleum-based resources, the synthesis of new biobased compounds for the polymer industry has become a prominent and timely topic. P-menthane-1,8-diamine (PMDA) is a readily available compound synthesized from turpentine, a cheap mixture of natural compounds isolated from pine trees. PMDA has been extensively used for its biological activities, but it can also serve as a source of valuable monomers for the polymer industry. In this work, commercial PMDA (ca. 85% pure) was purified by salinization, crystallization, and alkali treatment and then converted into p-menthane-1,8-diisocyanate (PMDI) through a phosgene-free synthesis at room temperature. A thorough analytical study using NMR techniques (1H, 13C, 13C-1H HSQC, 13C-1H HMBC, and 1H-1H NOESY) enables the characterization of the cis-trans isomeric mixtures of both PMDA and PMDI. These structural studies allowed for a better understanding of the spatial configuration of both isomers. Then, the reactivity of PMDI with a primary alcohol (benzyl alcohol) was studied in the presence of nine different catalysts exhibiting different activation modes. Finally, the use of PMDI in the synthesis of polyurethanes was explored to demonstrate that PMDI can be employed as a new biobased alternative to petrochemical-based isocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliénor Delavarde
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; (A.D.); (S.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Sebastien Lemouzy
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; (A.D.); (S.L.); (J.P.)
| | | | - Julien Pinaud
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; (A.D.); (S.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; (A.D.); (S.L.); (J.P.)
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16
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Sarieddine A, Hadjiefstathiou C, Majira A, Pion F, Ducrot PH. Biocatalytic selective acylation of technical lignins: a new route for the design of new biobased additives for industrial formulations. Front Chem 2023; 11:1239479. [PMID: 37547909 PMCID: PMC10400768 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1239479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we describe a proof of concept of the potential use of a biocatalytic process for the functionalization of technical soda lignins from wheat straw through the selective acylation of primary hydroxy groups of lignin oligomers by acetate or hexanoate, thus preserving their free, unreacted phenols. The selectivity and efficiency of the method, although they depend on the structural complexity of the starting material, have been proven on model compounds. Applied to technical lignins, the acylation yield is only moderate, due to structural and chemical features induced by the industrial mode of preparation of the lignins rather than to the lack of efficiency of the method. However, most of the physicochemical properties of the lignins, including their antioxidant potential, are preserved, advocating the potential use of these modified lignins for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sarieddine
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
- FARE Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Caroline Hadjiefstathiou
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
- URCOM Laboratory, Université Le Havre Normandie, Le Havre, France
| | - Amel Majira
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Florian Pion
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Paul-Henri Ducrot
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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17
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Zhang Y, Ren H, Li B, Udin SM, Maarof H, Zhou W, Cheng F, Yang J, Liu Y, Alias H, Duan E. Mechanistic insights into the lignin dissolution behavior in amino acid based deep eutectic solvents. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124829. [PMID: 37210053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed by amino acids (L-arginine, L-proline, L-alanine) as the hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and carboxylic acids (formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, levulinic acid) as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) were prepared and used for the dissolution of dealkaline lignin (DAL). The mechanism of lignin dissolution in DESs was explored at molecular level by combining the analysis of Kamlet-Taft (K-T) solvatochromic parameters, FTIR spectrum and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of DESs. Firstly, it was found that the formation of new hydrogen bonds between lignin and DESs mainly drove the dissolution of lignin, which were accompanied by the erosion of hydrogen bond networks in both lignin and DESs. The nature of hydrogen bond network within DESs was fundamentally determined by the type and number of functional groups in both HBA and HBD, which affected its ability to form hydrogen bond with lignin. One hydroxyl group and carboxyl group in HBDs provided active protons, which facilitated proton-catalyzed cleavage of β-O-4, thus enhancing the dissolution of DESs. The superfluous functional group resulted in more extensive and stronger hydrogen bond network in the DESs, thus decreasing the lignin dissolving ability. Moreover, it was found that lignin solubility had a closed positive correlation with the subtraction value of α and β (net hydrogen donating ability) of DESs. Among all the investigated DESs, L-alanine/formic acid (1:3) with the strong hydrogen-bond donating ability (acidity), weak hydrogen-bond accepting ability (basicity) and small steric-hindrance effect showed the best lignin dissolving ability (23.99 wt%, 60 °C). On top of that, the value of α and β of L-proline/carboxylic acids DESs showed some positive correlation with the global electrostatic potential (ESP) maxima and minima of the corresponding DESs respectively, indicating the analysis of ESP quantitative distributions of DESs could be an effective tool for DESs screening and design for lignin dissolution as well as other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhang
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China.
| | - Baochai Li
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Applied Chemistry, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei 0530002, China
| | - Syarah Mat Udin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hasmerya Maarof
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Zhou
- The State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Fengfei Cheng
- Hebei Pollutant Emission Rights Trading Service Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050026, China
| | - Jiaoruo Yang
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
| | - Yize Liu
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
| | - Hajar Alias
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Erhong Duan
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China.
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18
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Zheng X, Li Y, Li W, Pei X, Ye D. Chitosan derived efficient and stable Pd nano-catalyst for high efficiency hydrogenation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124615. [PMID: 37119901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of green and efficient supported catalysts is the frontier direction in the field of green synthesis, which conforms to the strategic concept of green sustainable chemistry and "carbon neutrality". Herein, we used a renewable resource chitosan (CS) derived from seafood wastes of chitin as carriers to design two different chitosan-supported palladium (Pd) nano-catalysts through different activation methods. The Pd particles were firmly and uniformly dispersed on the chitosan microspheres due to the interconnected nanoporous structure and functional groups of chitosan, proved by diverse characterizations. The chitosan supported catalysts (Pd@CS) was applied to hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol, which showed competitive catalytic activity compared to commercial Pd/C, un-supported nano-Pd and Pd(OAc)2 catalysts, as well as excellent catalytic activity, good reusability, long-life and broad applicability in selective hydrogenation of aromatic aldehydes, suggesting potential of applications in green industrial catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Zheng
- School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wendian Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xianglin Pei
- School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Functional Materials, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Dongdong Ye
- College of Light-Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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19
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Lv Z, Bai Z, Su L, Rao J, Hu Y, Tian R, Jia S, Guan Y, Lü B, Peng F. Unveiling lignin structures and lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) linkages of bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) fibers and parenchyma cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124461. [PMID: 37086759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) is an attractive biomass block to develop biorefining industry, however, less emphasis has been placed on elucidating the chemical linkage variations of lignin and LCC between different bamboo cell walls. Here, purified milled wood lignin (MWLp) and lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) were isolated from bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) fibers (BF) and parenchyma cells (PC), respectively. The variations of structure features and chemical linkages of lignin and LCC were investigated via FT-IR, 2D HSQC NMR, and 31P NMR techniques. 2D HSQC NMR revealed that β-O-4 alkyl-aryl ether linkages and resinol (β-β) substructure were the main substructures in BF-MWLp and PC-MWLp. β-1 linkages existed in the PC-MWLp (3.18/100 Ar), but not in BF-MWLp. Moreover, tricin, as a flavonoid compound, was only detected in the BF-MWLp. The amount of the syringyl (S) units of PC-MWLp was higher than BF-MWLp. The results indicated that phenyl glycoside (PhGlc) bonds (mainly lignin and xylan) were the predominant chemical linkage type of LCC bonds in BF-LCC and PC-LCC, and the high contents of PhGlc bonds (45.53/100 Ar) were presented in PC. Our finding can provide a reference for the structural variations of lignin and LCC between the different bamboo cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyi Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liyuan Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Rao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yajie Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siyu Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Baozhong Lü
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Energy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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20
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Xie J, Sun H, Yang Y, Liang J, Li Y, Hou D, Lin X, Zhang J, Shi Z, Liu C. Preparation of High-Toughness Lignin Phenolic Resin Biomaterials Based via Polybutylene Succinate Molecular Intercalation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076418. [PMID: 37047390 PMCID: PMC10094893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin has many potential applications and is a biopolymer with a three-dimensional network structure. It is composed of three phenylpropane units, p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl, connected by ether bonds and carbon-carbon bonds, and it contains a large number of phenol or aldehyde structural units, resulting in complex lignin structures. This limits the application of lignin. To expand the application range of lignin, we prepared lignin thermoplastic phenolic resins (LPRs) by using lignin instead of phenol; these LPRs had molecular weights of up to 1917 g/mol, a molecular weight distribution of 1.451, and an O/P value of up to 2.73. Due to the complex structure of the lignin, the synthetic lignin thermoplastic phenolic resins were not very tough, which greatly affected the performance of the material. If the lignin phenolic resins were toughened, their application range would be substantially expanded. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) has excellent processability and excellent mechanical properties. The toughening effects of different PBS contents in the LPRs were investigated. PBS was found to be compatible with the LPRs, and the flexible chain segments of the small PBS molecules were embedded in the molecular chain segments of the LPRs, thus reducing the crystallinities of the LPRs. The good compatibility between the two materials promoted hydrogen bond formation between the PBS and LPRs. Rheological data showed good interfacial bonding between the materials, and the modulus of the high-melting PBS made the LPRs more damage resistant. When PBS was added at 30%, the tensile strength of the LPRs was increased by 2.8 times to 1.65 MPa, and the elongation at break increased by 31 times to 93%. This work demonstrates the potential of lignin thermoplastic phenolic resins for industrial applications and provides novel concepts for toughening biobased aromatic resins with PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hao Sun
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yuchun Yang
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Junxiong Liang
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yun Li
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Defa Hou
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xu Lin
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Zhengjun Shi
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Can Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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21
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Ma X, Li S, Wang F, Wu J, Chao Y, Chen X, Chen P, Zhu J, Yan N, Chen J. Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Covalent Adaptable Network (CAN) Polyurethanes from Lignin with Editable Shape Memory Properties. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202071. [PMID: 36482867 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Here a new strategy of catalyst-free direct synthesis of covalent adaptable network polyurethanes (LPUs) from lignin with editable shape memory effect is reported. Using unmodified lignin, PEG, and isocyanate under the condition of the isocyanate index less than 1.0 (NCO/OH<1.0), a variety of LPUs are obtained. When NCO/OH=0.8, a stable cross-linked network can be formed (ex. the gel content of LPU50-0.8 was 98±0.3 %). The activation energy (Ea ) value of LPUs is similar to that of polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs), at around 110 kJ mol-1 . With an increase of lignin content, the LPUs show a transition from ductile fracture to brittle fracture mode. And the mechanical properties of LPUs are significantly enhanced after extrusion processing, with the maximum modulus reaching 649±26 MPa and the maximum toughness up to 9927±111 kJ m-3 . The improvement in mechanical properties is due to the homogenization of complex cross-linked network under the powerful external force of the extruder and the lignin that originally was free in the system participated in the exchange reactions. Moreover, LPUs can also be prepared continuously in one step by using an extruder as the reactor. In addition, LPU50-0.8 has an editable shape memory effect. This study develops a novel method for the synthesis of LPU from lignin with NCO/OH<1.0, showcasing new possibilities for value-added utilization of lignin, and expands the bio-based products portfolio from biomass feedstock to help meet future green manufacturing demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jialong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yeyan Chao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ning Yan
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
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22
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Johnson RM, Cortés‐Guzmán KP, Perera SD, Parikh AR, Ganesh V, Voit WE, Smaldone RA. Lignin‐based
covalent adaptable network resins for digital light projection
3D
printing. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20230026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
| | - Karen P. Cortés‐Guzmán
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
| | - Sachini D. Perera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
| | - Ankit R. Parikh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
| | - Walter E. Voit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
| | - Ronald A. Smaldone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
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23
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Zhang H, Yue F, Hu S, Qi H, Lu F. Nanolignin-based high internal phase emulsions for efficient protection of curcumin against UV degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:178-185. [PMID: 36529212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As an emulsifier, lignin exhibits excellent UV resistance on drug-loaded emulsion systems for drug delivery. However, due to the structural variation and complexity of lignins from various origins, their UV shielding performance varies with the techniques for lignin extraction, which impacts properties and the protection efficiency of lignin-based HIPEs (high internal phase emulsions). In this work, lignin nanoparticles, prepared from three lignin preparations of Eucalyptus, were used in HIPEs delivery systems to protect curcumin from degradation by UV radiation. Structures of the lignin preparations were characterized using 2D HSQC (heteronuclear single-quantum coherence) NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), 31P NMR, and GPC (gel permeation chromatography). The residual curcumin level after 36 h UV exposure in the nanolignin-based HIPEs was over 72 %, much higher than that (< 10 % after 24 h UV exposure) in the oil phase without lignin, indicating that the nanolignin-based HIPEs with enhanced UV shielding ability protect curcumin better. Of the three lignin preparations, AL (alkali lignin), with the lowest molecular weight, highest contents of phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and highest S/G ratio, displayed the best anti-UV radiation ability and the most uniform nanoparticle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fengxia Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Songnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haisong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fachuang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; DOE The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
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24
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Elias Guckert F, Cesca K, Sayer C, de Oliveira D, Hermes de Araújo PH, Francisco Oechsler B. Lipase-Catalyzed Solution Polycondensation of 1,4-Butanediol and Diethyl Succinate: Effect of Diphenyl Ether Concentration on Enzyme Stability, Reuse and PBS Molar Mass Distribution. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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25
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Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Bio-Foam with Inherent Heat and Fire Resistance. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225019. [PMID: 36433146 PMCID: PMC9697988 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) are versatile and widespread, particularly as flexible and rigid foams. To avoid isocyanates and other toxic reagents required for synthesis, such as phosgene, alternative synthetic routes have been utilized to produce non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs). A thermally and flame-resistant rigid NIPU was produced from environmentally benign and bio-sourced ingredients, requiring no catalyst or solvents. A foamed structure was obtained by the addition of glutaraldehyde and four different carboxylic acids: malic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, and aconitic acid. The resulting morphology, thermal degradation, and flame resistance of each foam were compared. The properties vary with each carboxylic acid used, but in each case, peak thermal degradation and peak heat release are postponed by >100 °C compared to commercial rigid PU foam. Furthermore, in a butane torch test, NIPU foams exhibit an 80% higher remaining mass and a 75% reduction in afterburn time, compared to commercial polyurethane. This bio-based polyurethane eliminates the hazards of traditional PUs, while imparting inherent thermal stability and flame resistance uncharacteristic of conventional foams.
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26
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Rashid MA, Liu W, Wei Y, Jiang Q. Review of intrinsically recyclable biobased epoxy thermosets enabled by dynamic chemical bonds. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2080559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdur Rashid
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Wanshuang Liu
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Synthesis of eugenol-based phosphorus-containing epoxy for enhancing the flame-retardancy and mechanical performance of DGEBA epoxy resin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Effects of the Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acid Esters on Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel is considered an environmentally friendly alternative to petro-derived diesel. The cetane number indicates the degree of difficulty in the compression-ignition of liquid fuel-powered engines. The allylic position equivalent (APE), which represents the unsaturated degree of fatty acid esters, was one of the key parameters for the cetane number of biodiesel. Due to the significant attributes of APE for biodiesel properties, the impact of APE on engine performance and emission characteristics was investigated in this study. The engine characteristics could be improved by adjusting the biodiesel fuel structure accordingly. A four-stroke and four-cylinder diesel engine accompanied by an engine dynamometer and a gas analyzer were used to derive the optimum blending ratio of the two biodiesels from soybean oil and waste cooking oil. Three fuel samples composed of various proportions of those two biodiesels and ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) were prepared. The amounts of saturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated fatty acids of the biodiesel made from waste cooking oil were significantly higher than those of the soybean-oil biodiesel by 9.92 wt. % and 28.54 wt. %, respectively. This caused a higher APE of the soybean-oil biodiesel than that of the biodiesel from waste cooking oil. The APE II biodiesel appeared to have the highest APE value (80.68) among those fuel samples. When the engine speed was increased to 1600 rpm, in comparison with the ULSD sample, the APE II biodiesel sample was observed to have lower CO and O2 emissions and engine thermal efficiency by 15.66%, 0.6%, and 9.3%, while having higher CO2 and NOx emissions, exhaust gas temperature, and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 2.56%, 13.8%, 8.9 °C, and 16.67%, respectively. Hence, the engine performance and emission characteristics could be enhanced by adequately adjusting the degree of unsaturation of fatty acid esters represented by the APE of biodiesel.
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29
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Yang H, He C, Ke Y, Singh S, Cheng G. Determination of the Structures of Lignin Subunits and Nanoparticles in Solution by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering: Towards Improving Lignin Valorization. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201230. [PMID: 35916324 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are usually produced from lignin solution through supersaturation. The structure of the lignin in solution is still poorly understood due to structural variability of isolated lignins. Here, lignins were extracted from different plants to establish a general pattern of their structure in several lignin solvents. Lignin molecules (lignin subunits) and larger aggregates were observed in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) and 0.1 N NaOD solutions by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). It was proposed that the aggregates were composed of lignin subunits with a higher molecular weight and a higher ratio of the aliphatic to phenolic hydroxyl groups. The size, shape, and compactness are important factors that affect the uses of the LNPs, which were obtained from the SANS data for the first time. A discrepancy in the radius between SANS and DLS was discovered, pointing to a large hydration shell around the LNPs in aqueous solutions. The cytotoxicity of the corncob lignin, kraft lignin, and their LNPs were measured and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North 3rd Ring East, # 15, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North 3rd Ring East, # 15, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- Dongguan Neutron Source Science Center, 523803, Dongguan, P. R. China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chunyong He
- Dongguan Neutron Source Science Center, 523803, Dongguan, P. R. China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Ke
- Dongguan Neutron Source Science Center, 523803, Dongguan, P. R. China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Seema Singh
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), 5885 Hollis Street, 94608, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, 94551, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North 3rd Ring East, # 15, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
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30
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Wu Q, Zhang X, Si C, Zhang M, Li C, Dai L. Green and stable lignin-based nanofillers reinforced poly(l-lactide) with supertough and strong performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1041-1052. [PMID: 36113586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs), as a new type of green nanomaterial, initiate many promising applications in polymer composites. However, their heterogeneity, dissolution in organic solvents, and poor compatibility in the polymer matrix greatly limited the applications of LNPs fillers. Herein, we proposed an antisolvent precipitation of the fractionations by combining a hydrothermal treatment-assisted synthesis to fabricate self-crosslinked LNPs (ScLNPs), which have good stability in the organic solvent and controllable sizes. After surface grafting modification with d-lactide, ScLNPs-graft-poly(d-lactide) (ScLNPs-g-PDLA) exhibited excellent dispersion and compatibility in PLLA matrix. Using the rational design and addition of ScLNPs-g-PDLA fillers, the strength and toughness of the generated PLLA composite reached 31.6 MPa and 396 % (the highest value among the PLLA materials), respectively. Furthermore, the mechanical performance can also be well-tuned by the sizes and amounts of LNPs fillers. This strategy involving only green and recyclable materials provides an effective route to producing sustainable polymeric plastics with integrated strength and super-toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Lin Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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31
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Zhang L, An B, Chen H, Chu J, Ma J, Fan Y, Wang Z. Botryoidal nanolignin channel stabilized ultrasmall PdNP incorporating with filter membrane for enhanced removal of Cr(VI) via synergetic filtration and catalysis. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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32
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Morena A, Bassegoda A, Natan M, Jacobi G, Banin E, Tzanov T. Antibacterial Properties and Mechanisms of Action of Sonoenzymatically Synthesized Lignin-Based Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37270-37279. [PMID: 35960019 PMCID: PMC9412960 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, lignin has drawn increasing attention for different applications due to its intrinsic antibacterial and antioxidant properties, coupled with biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, chemical modification or combination with metals is usually required to increase its antimicrobial functionality and produce biobased added-value materials for applications wherein bacterial growth should be avoided, such as biomedical and food industries. In this work, a sonoenzymatic approach for the simultaneous functionalization and nanotransformation of lignin to prepare metal-free antibacterial phenolated lignin nanoparticles (PheLigNPs) is developed. The grafting of tannic acid, a natural phenolic compound, onto lignin was achieved by an environmentally friendly approach using laccase oxidation upon the application of high-intensity ultrasound to rearrange lignin into NPs. PheLigNPs presented higher antibacterial activity than nonfunctionalized LigNPs and phenolated lignin in the bulk form, indicating the contribution of both the phenolic content and the nanosize to the antibacterial activity. Studies on the antibacterial mode of action showed that bacteria in contact with the functionalized NPs presented decreased metabolic activity and high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, PheLigNPs demonstrated affinity to the bacterial surface and the ability to cause membrane destabilization. Antimicrobial resistance studies showed that the NPs did not induce resistance in pathogenic bacteria, unlike traditional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela
Gala Morena
- Group
of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Universitat Politècnica
de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Terrassa 08222, Spain
| | - Arnau Bassegoda
- Group
of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Universitat Politècnica
de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Terrassa 08222, Spain
| | - Michal Natan
- The
Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Bldg 206, Ramat-Gan 82900, Israel
| | - Gila Jacobi
- The
Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Bldg 206, Ramat-Gan 82900, Israel
| | - Ehud Banin
- The
Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Bldg 206, Ramat-Gan 82900, Israel
| | - Tzanko Tzanov
- Group
of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Universitat Politècnica
de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Terrassa 08222, Spain
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33
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Raad R, Abdallh M, Yousif E, Ahmed A, Bofaroosha M. Study of the photochemical behaver of poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite modified by sulfadiazine. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Sun H, Xu Q, Ren M, Wang S, Kong F. Recent Studies on the Preparation and Application of Ionic Amphiphilic Lignin: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8871-8891. [PMID: 35848582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose, lignin has received considerable attention recently due to its reproducibility, safety, and biodegradability. Studies are now focusing on the development of new lignin applications to replace petroleum-based chemicals. Unfortunately, lignin has several inherent problems, such as poor water solubility and a tendency to agglomerate. However, after chemical modification, lignin can gain new functions through the introduction of new functional groups. For example, amphiphilic lignin is a polymer that is soluble in both water and organic solvents. Amphiphilic lignin polymers can be divided into anionic, cationic, and anionic-cationic amphoteric lignin-based polymers, according to the ions contained in their molecular structure. Amphiphilic lignin polymers also have a wide range of applications in various industrial fields and can be used as wetting agents, detergents, controlled release fertilizers, adsorbents, and emulsifiers. Thus, this article reviews research progress on the synthesis and applications of amphiphilic lignin-derived polymers over the past 10 years, providing a theoretical reference for the utilization of high-added-value and high-performance lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Qingyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Mingguang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shoujuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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35
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Abdur Rashid M, Liu W, Wei Y, Jiang Q. Review of reversible dynamic bonds containing intrinsically flame retardant biomass thermosets. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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A Bio-based Healable/Renewable Polyurethane Elastomer Derived from L-Tyrosine/Vanillin/Dimer Acid. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Recent advances in biological activities of lignin and emerging biomedical applications: A short review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:819-832. [PMID: 35364209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As an abundant biopolymer, lignin gains interest owing to its renewable nature and polyphenolic structure. It possesses many biological activities such as antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility. Studies are being carried out to relate the biological activities to the polyphenolic structures. These traits present lignin as a natural compound being used in biomedical field. Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are being investigated for safe use in drug and gene delivery, and lignin-based hydrogels are being explored as wound dressing materials, in tissue engineering and 3D printing. In addition, lignin and its derivatives have shown the potential to treat diabetic disease. This review summarizes latest research results on the biological activities of lignin and highlights potential applications exampled by selective studies. It helps to transform lignin from a waste material into valuable materials and products.
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Jedrzejczyk MA, Madelat N, Wouters B, Smeets H, Wolters M, Stepanova SA, Vangeel T, Van Aelst K, Van den Bosch S, Van Aelst J, Polizzi V, Servaes K, Vanbroekhoven K, Lagrain B, Sels BF, Terryn H, Bernaerts KV. Preparation of Renewable Thiol‐yne “Click” Networks Based on Fractionated Lignin for Anticorrosive Protective Films Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika A. Jedrzejczyk
- Maastricht University Faculty of Science and Engineering Aachen‐Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM) Sustainable Polymer Synthesis Group Brightlands Chemelot Campus Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen The Netherlands
| | - Negin Madelat
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Benny Wouters
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Hans Smeets
- Zuyd University of Applied Science Research Centre Material Sciences Nieuw Eyckholt 300, 6419 DJ Heerlen The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Wolters
- Zuyd University of Applied Science Research Centre Material Sciences Nieuw Eyckholt 300, 6419 DJ Heerlen The Netherlands
| | - Svetlana A. Stepanova
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Thijs Vangeel
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Korneel Van Aelst
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Sander Van den Bosch
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Joost Van Aelst
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Viviana Polizzi
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research – VITO Separation and Conversion Technology Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Kelly Servaes
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research – VITO Separation and Conversion Technology Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Karolien Vanbroekhoven
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research – VITO Separation and Conversion Technology Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Bert Lagrain
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Bert F. Sels
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee 3001 Belgium
| | - Herman Terryn
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Katrien V. Bernaerts
- Maastricht University Faculty of Science and Engineering Aachen‐Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM) Sustainable Polymer Synthesis Group Brightlands Chemelot Campus Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen The Netherlands
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Scholten PBV, Figueirêdo MB. Back to the Future with Biorefineries: Bottom‐Up and Top‐Down Approaches toward Polymers and Monomers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip B. V. Scholten
- Bloom Biorenewables Route de l'Ancienne Papeterie 106 Case postal 146 Marly 1723 Switzerland
| | - Monique B. Figueirêdo
- Bloom Biorenewables Route de l'Ancienne Papeterie 106 Case postal 146 Marly 1723 Switzerland
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40
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Vidil T, Llevot A. Fully Biobased Vitrimers: Future Direction Towards Sustainable Cross‐Linked Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vidil
- University of Bordeaux CNRS Bordeaux INP Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques UMR 5629, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey‐Berland Pessac cedex F‐33607 France
| | - Audrey Llevot
- University of Bordeaux CNRS Bordeaux INP Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques UMR 5629, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey‐Berland Pessac cedex F‐33607 France
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41
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Xu J, Wang X, Ruan H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Wang Q, Wang T. Recent Advances in High-strength and High-toughness Polyurethanes Based on Supramolecular Interactions. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in supramolecular chemistry have generated increasing interest in supramolecular polymers and opened a window for the exploitation of various supramolecular polymeric materials and their multifunctional composites. High-performance polyurethanes,...
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Liu G, Jin C, Huo S, Kong Z, Chu F. Preparation and properties of novel bio-based epoxy resin thermosets from lignin oligomers and cardanol. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1400-1408. [PMID: 34740690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of lignin-based epoxy resins (LEPs) were prepared by the reaction of epichlorohydrin with lignin oligomers derived from partial reductive depolymerization of lignin. To overcome the high viscosity and brittleness defects in practical applications, the LEPs were blended with renewable epoxied cardanol glycidyl ether (ECGE) and then cured with methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) to form high-performance epoxy thermosets. The effects of degree of lignin depolymerization, chemical composition of lignin oligomers and dosage of ECGE on thermal and mechanical properties of the cured products were investigated. The LEP/MeTHPA thermosets exhibited good thermal and mechanical properties. Especially, by separating monomer-rich fractions from lignin oligomers, the thermal and mechanical properties of the cured product were improved obviously. Notably, the incorporation of ECGE also possessed a positive effect on reinforcing and toughening the cured products. With 20 wt% ECGE loadings, the tensile, flexural and impact strength of the cured product reached the maximum value of 77 MPa, 115 MPa and 14 kJ/m2, respectively, which were equivalent to the commercial bisphenol A epoxy resins thermosets. These findings indicated that the novel bio-based epoxy resins from lignin oligomers and cardanol could be utilized as renewable alternatives for BPA epoxy resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifeng Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Can Jin
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuping Huo
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhenwu Kong
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Chen X, Ouyang X, Li J, Zhao YL. Natural Syringyl Mediators Accelerate Laccase-Catalyzed β-O-4 Cleavage and Cα-Oxidation of a Guaiacyl Model Substrate via an Aggregation Mechanism. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22578-22588. [PMID: 34514230 PMCID: PMC8427646 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Laccase-mediator systems (LMSs) have been intensively investigated in lignin degradation. Although only natural metabolites are available for fungal lignin degradation, mediator molecules from metabolites have received substantially less attention than artificial organic-synthetic compounds. It remains unclear which metabolites can accelerate laccase-catalyzed reactions and how those natural mediators influence lignin degradation. In this work, we evaluated Trametes versicolor laccase-catalyzed reaction kinetics on a lignin guaiacyl subunit model (guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether, G-β-GE) in the presence of a group of lignin syringyl subunit molecules: syringaldehyde, acetosyringone, and methyl syringate. We then compare their performance to a well-known synthetic mediator ABTS, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). Time-resolved UPLC-TOF-MS revealed that the syringyl mediators were more effective in accelerating the β-O-4 cleavage and Cα-oxidation of G-β-GE than ABTS under laccase-catalysis, despite the syringyl compounds possessing slower individual oxidation rates. In addition, the product profile of polymerization was also promoted dramatically, compared to that of the ABTS/laccase system. The LMS kinetic modeling suggested that mediator-substrate aggregation played a critical role in the laccase-mediator system; in which, the lignin syringyl and guaiacyl subunits likely form a π-π stacking van der Waals complex that can be oxidized faster than the syringyl or guaiacyl monomers by themselves. This syringyl-guaiacyl aggregation hypothesis postulates that the weak interactions in lignin biopolymers are able to accelerate the laccase-catalyzed biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and
Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics,
School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and
Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics,
School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and
Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics,
School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and
Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics,
School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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Yang W, Ding H, Qi G, Guo J, Xu F, Li C, Puglia D, Kenny J, Ma P. Enhancing the Radical Scavenging Activity and UV Resistance of Lignin Nanoparticles via Surface Mannich Amination toward a Biobased Antioxidant. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2693-2701. [PMID: 34077181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, lignin specific activities, such as antioxidation and antibacterial and anti-ultraviolet performance, have drawn more and more attention. Nevertheless, the insufficient radical scavenging (antioxidation) activity has become one of the main drawbacks that limits its high-value application. In this study, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were prepared via a facile acid treatment strategy. Subsequently, surface amination of LNPs (a-LNPs) was carried out through the Mannich reaction. Specifically, the antioxidant behavior of LNPs and modified LNPs was evaluated by DPPH/DMPO radical scavenging and in vitro HeLa cell reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging tests, which demonstrated that the antioxidation activity of a-LNPs was more evident than that of both LNPs and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) commercial antioxidant. The mechanism of the radical scavenging ability of aminated LNPs was elucidated and proved to be related to the bond dissociation enthalpy of Ar-O···H, determined by the electron-donating effect of the substituted groups in the ortho-position. Meanwhile, the morphologies, solubilities, and UV-absorbing and antibacterial behavior of LNPs and a-LNPs were also studied, and the results showed that a-LNP sample exhibited higher UV resistance performance than LNPs. We expected that the modified LNPs with high antioxidation activity can serve as a safe and lower-cost biobased antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guochuang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Debora Puglia
- Perugia University, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Materials Engineering Center, UdR INSTM, Terni 05100, Italy
| | - Jose Kenny
- Perugia University, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Materials Engineering Center, UdR INSTM, Terni 05100, Italy
| | - Piming Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Qi F, Chaoqun Z, Weijun Y, Qingwen W, Rongxian O. Lignin-based polymers. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
On the basis of the world’s continuing consumption of raw materials, there was an urgent need to seek sustainable resources. Lignin, the second naturally abundant biomass, accounts for 15–35% of the cell walls of terrestrial plants and is considered waste for low-cost applications such as thermal and electricity generation. The impressive characteristics of lignin, such as its high abundance, low density, biodegradability, antioxidation, antibacterial capability, and its CO2 neutrality and enhancement, render it an ideal candidate for developing new polymer/composite materials. In past decades, considerable works have been conducted to effectively utilize waste lignin as a component in polymer matrices for the production of high-performance lignin-based polymers. This chapter is intended to provide an overview of the recent advances and challenges involving lignin-based polymers utilizing lignin macromonomer and its derived monolignols. These lignin-based polymers include phenol resins, polyurethane resins, polyester resins, epoxy resins, etc. The structural characteristics and functions of lignin-based polymers are discussed in each section. In addition, we also try to divide various lignin reinforced polymer composites into different polymer matrices, which can be separated into thermoplastics, rubber, and thermosets composites. This chapter is expected to increase the interest of researchers worldwide in lignin-based polymers and develop new ideas in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Qi
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , 510642 , P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Zhang Chaoqun
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , 510642 , P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Yang Weijun
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University , 214122 Wuxi , P. R. China
| | - Wang Qingwen
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , 510642 , P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Ou Rongxian
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , 510642 , P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology , Guangzhou , P. R. China
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