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Peng H, Cai XQ, Zhen J, Shen JJ, Shen HS, Wu XH, Zhou YB, Ren L, Wu J, Xu A, Tsang TK, Cheung BMY, Li C. The association between circulating fatty acids and stroke in hypertensive patients. Am J Med Sci 2024; 368:48-54. [PMID: 38460926 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is prevalent in hypertensive population. It has been suggested that unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) have protective effect on stroke. The effect of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on stroke is still unclear. Therefore, we studied the relationship between circulating fatty acids and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in hypertensive patients. METHODS Eighty-nine pairs including 100 men and 78 women matched by sex and age were recruited. Each pair included a hypertensive patient within 48h of AIS onset and a hypertensive patient without stroke. Six circulating fatty acids were methylated before concentration determination which was repeated twice with percent recovery estimated. RESULTS There were differences in educational level (P = 0.002) and occupation (P < 0.001) between stroke and non-stroke participants. All the 6 fatty acid levels were higher in non-stroke participants (P = 0.017 for palmitoleic acid, 0.001 for palmitic acid, <0.001 for linoleic acid, <0.001 for behenic acid, <0.001 for nervonic acid and 0.002 for lignoceric acid). In logistic regression analysis, AIS was inversely associated with fatty acid levels except for lignoceric acid. After adjustment for education and occupation, the palmitoleic acid and palmitic acid levels were no longer inversely associated with AIS. After further adjustment for systolic blood pressure, smoking, drinking, total cholesterol and triglyceride, the inverse associations of linoleic acid (OR = 0.965, 95%CI = 0.942-0.990, P = 0.005), behenic acid (OR = 0.778, 95%CI = 0.664-0.939, P = 0.009), nervonic acid (OR = 0.323, 95%CI = 0.121-0.860, P = 0.024) with AIS remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Circulating fatty acids except lignoceric acid were inversely associated with AIS. Both USFAs and SFAs may have beneficial effect on stroke prevention in hypertensive population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Cai
- Department of Diagnostic Center, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Juanying Zhen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Heng-Shan Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin-Han Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Center, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Bin Zhou
- Department of Diagnostic Center, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijie Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tim K Tsang
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bernard Man Yung Cheung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Wei T, Mueed A, Luo T, Sun Y, Zhang B, Zheng L, Deng Z, Li J. 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoyl-glycerol: Structure-function relationship, triacylglycerols preparation, nutrition value. Food Chem 2024; 443:138560. [PMID: 38295563 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Based on multivariate statistics, this review compared major triacylglycerols (TAGs) in animal milk and human milk fat from China and other countries. Human milk fat differs from animal milk fat in that it has longer acyl chains and higher concentrations of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (O-P-O) and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (O-P-L). O-P-L is a significant and distinct TAG in human milk fat, particularly in China. 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL) is human milk's major triglyceride molecule of O-P-L, accounting for more than 70%. As a result, OPL has piqued the interest of Chinese academics. The synthesis process and nutritional outcomes of OPL have been studied, including changes in gut microbiota, serum lipid composition, improved fatty acid and calcium absorption, and increased total bile acid levels. However, current OPL research is limited. Therefore, this review discussed enzymatic preparation of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (OPO) and OPL and their nutritional and physiological activity to direct future research direction for sn-2 palmitate and OPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Abdul Mueed
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Liufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China.
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Wang X, Cui S, Liu J, Ye Z, Xu Y, Wang Z, Tang M, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Huang W. The same species, different nutrients: Lipidomics analysis of muscle in mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) fed with lard oil and fish oil. Food Chem 2024; 440:138174. [PMID: 38160593 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Aiming to assess the effects of lard oil (LO) and fish oil (FO) on the nutritional value of mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain), non-targeted lipidomics analysis was performed on the muscle of crabs after eight weeks of feeding trail. Compared to FO, dietary LO reduced the content of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) with 18:0 bound at sn-1/3 site, the content of ether phospholipids containing 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) combined at sn-2 site, and increased the content of ether PE containing 18:0 and 18:1n-9. Furthermore, the deposition of 16:0, 16:1n-7, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6, EPA and DHA at each site of PE, PS, phosphatidylcholine and/or triacylglycerols were reduced by dietary LO, while the DHA content at the sn-2 position of PE was increased. In conclusion, the nutritional value of mud crabs was reduced by dietary LO with the manifestation of variation in FA composition and positional distribution on phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed of Fujian Province, Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Jimei University), P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, P.R.China.
| | - Shihui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zihao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yifang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengyao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Weiqing Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde 352100, China
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Zhang D, Gu J, Xu Y, Yu X, Jin H. Exploring the mechanism of Huanglian ointment in alleviating wound healing after anal fistula surgery through metabolomics and proteomics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29809. [PMID: 38699024 PMCID: PMC11064137 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Anal fistula is a common anal and intestinal disease. The wound of anal fistula surgery is open and polluting, which is the most difficult to heal among all surgical incisions. To investigate the mechanism of Huanglian ointment (HLO) on wound healing after anal fistula incision. The S. aureus infected wound in SD rats were used to imitate poor healing wound after anal fistula surgery. SD rats with wound sites (n = 24) were randomly divided into four groups (Control group, Model group, Potassium permanganate (PP) treatment group, and HLO treatment group). The wound healing rate was evaluated, HE staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes of each group, ELISA was used to detect the secretion of inflammatory factors in each group, and the mechanism was explored through metabolomics and proteomics in plasma rat. Compared to other groups, the rate of wound healing in the HLO group was higher on days 7 and 14. Histological analysis showed that collagen and fibroblast in HLO rats were significantly increased, inflammatory cells were reduced, and vascular endothelial permeability was increased. ELISA results showed that the secretion of inflammatory factors in HLO rats was significantly lower. Significant proteins and metabolites were identified in the wound tissues of the infected rats and HLO-treated rats, which were mainly attributed to Cdc42, Ctnnb1, Actr2, Actr3, Arpc1b, Itgam, Itgb2, Cttn, Linoleic acid metabolism, d-Glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, Phenylalanine metabolism, alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, and Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. In conclusion, this study showed that HLO can promote S. aureus infected wound healing, and the data provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of wounds after anal fistula surgery with HLO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhenjiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Zhenjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Jiabo Gu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhenjiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Zhenjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Heiying Jin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210011, China
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Bertran L, Capellades J, Abelló S, Aguilar C, Auguet T, Richart C. Untargeted lipidomics analysis in women with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303569. [PMID: 38743756 PMCID: PMC11093320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a phenotype of obese individuals termed metabolically healthy obese that present a reduced cardiometabolic risk. This phenotype offers a valuable model for investigating the mechanisms connecting obesity and metabolic alterations such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Previously, in an untargeted metabolomics analysis in a cohort of morbidly obese women, we observed a different lipid metabolite pattern between metabolically healthy morbid obese individuals and those with associated T2DM. To validate these findings, we have performed a complementary study of lipidomics. In this study, we assessed a liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer untargeted lipidomic analysis on serum samples from 209 women, 73 normal-weight women (control group) and 136 morbid obese women. From those, 65 metabolically healthy morbid obese and 71 with associated T2DM. In this work, we find elevated levels of ceramides, sphingomyelins, diacyl and triacylglycerols, fatty acids, and phosphoethanolamines in morbid obese vs normal weight. Conversely, decreased levels of acylcarnitines, bile acids, lyso-phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylinositols, and phosphoethanolamine PE (O-38:4) were noted. Furthermore, comparing morbid obese women with T2DM vs metabolically healthy MO, a distinct lipid profile emerged, featuring increased levels of metabolites: deoxycholic acid, diacylglycerol DG (36:2), triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, phosphoethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, and lyso-phosphatidylinositol LPI (16:0). To conclude, analysing both comparatives, we observed decreased levels of deoxycholic acid, PC (34:3), and PE (O-38:4) in morbid obese women vs normal-weight. Conversely, we found elevated levels of these lipids in morbid obese women with T2DM vs metabolically healthy MO. These profiles of metabolites could be explored for the research as potential markers of metabolic risk of T2DM in morbid obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bertran
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Capellades
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Abelló
- Scientific and Technical Service, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
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McClelland C, Holland OJ, Shrestha N, Jukes CL, Brandon AE, Cuffe JSM, Perkins AV, McAinch AJ, Hryciw DH. Maternal Diet High in Linoleic Acid Alters Renal Branching Morphogenesis and mTOR/AKT Signalling Genes in Rat Fetal Kidneys. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4688. [PMID: 38731907 PMCID: PMC11083378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA), an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is obtained from the maternal diet during pregnancy, and is essential for normal fetal growth and development. A maternal high-LA (HLA) diet alters maternal and offspring fatty acids, maternal leptin and male/female ratio at embryonic (E) day 20 (E20). We investigated the effects of an HLA diet on embryonic offspring renal branching morphogenesis, leptin signalling, megalin signalling and angiogenesis gene expression. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed low-LA (LLA; 1.44% energy from LA) or high-LA (HLA; 6.21% energy from LA) diets during pregnancy and gestation/lactation. Offspring were sacrificed and mRNA from kidneys was analysed by real-time PCR. Maternal HLA decreased the targets involved in branching morphogenesis Ret and Gdnf in offspring, independent of sex. Furthermore, downstream targets of megalin, namely mTOR, Akt3 and Prkab2, were reduced in offspring from mothers consuming an HLA diet, independent of sex. There was a trend of an increase in the branching morphogenesis target Gfra1 in females (p = 0.0517). These findings suggest that an HLA diet during pregnancy may lead to altered renal function in offspring. Future research should investigate the effects an HLA diet has on offspring kidney function in adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie McClelland
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (C.M.); (O.J.H.); (N.S.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Olivia J. Holland
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (C.M.); (O.J.H.); (N.S.); (A.V.P.)
- Women’s Newborn and Childrens Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (C.M.); (O.J.H.); (N.S.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Claire L. Jukes
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (C.L.J.); (A.E.B.)
| | - Anna E. Brandon
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (C.L.J.); (A.E.B.)
| | - James S. M. Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Anthony V. Perkins
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (C.M.); (O.J.H.); (N.S.); (A.V.P.)
- School of Health, University of Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Andrew J. McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Deanne H. Hryciw
- Women’s Newborn and Childrens Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia
- Griffith Institute of Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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Liu W, Liu S, Ren Q, Yang R, Su S, Jiang X. Association between polyunsaturated fatty acids and progression among patients with diabetic kidney disease. Prim Care Diabetes 2024; 18:177-182. [PMID: 38242728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. Early detection and treatment are contributing to delay the progression of DKD. Dietary management has potential benefits for DKD, especially the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). However, there is a lack of sufficient evidence, so we aimed to explore the association between PUFAs intake and DKD progression. METHODS In the National Heath and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011-2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted among adults with T2DM. DKD was diagnosed with urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥ 30 mg/g or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Using Survey package of R to arrange the collected PUFAs intake data in order from small to large and divide them into four equal parts, which were expressed as Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 respectively. To investigate the association between PUFAs intake and DKD, a weighted univariate logistic regression analysis was performed and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the association with DKD and PUFAs quartiles. RESULTS The study involved 3287 participants with T2DM, including 2043 non-DKD and 1244 DKD patients. The results showed that the intake of PUFAs was a protective factor for DKD (p = 0.022), and with the increase of the PUFAs, renal function improved in DKD patients, the adjusted mean of eGFR and Scr changing from 57 (41, 86) in Q1 to 71 (55, 101) ml/min in Q4 (p 0.001), 103 (73, 131) in Q1 to 90 (68, 117) in Q4 (p = 0.031), respectively. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that intake of more PUFAs may contribute to delay DKD progression, while different n-6/n-3 ratios need to be explored to protect the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ronglu Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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Li Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Shi L, Cheng L, Zhang X. Effect of the gut microbiome, plasma metabolome, peripheral cells, and inflammatory cytokines on obesity: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348347. [PMID: 38558794 PMCID: PMC10981273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a metabolic and chronic inflammatory disease involving genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship among gut microbiota abundance, plasma metabolomics, peripheral cell (blood and immune cell) counts, inflammatory cytokines, and obesity. Methods Summary statistics of 191 gut microbiota traits (N = 18,340), 1,400 plasma metabolite traits (N = 8,299), 128 peripheral cell counts (blood cells, N = 408,112; immune cells, N = 3,757), 41 inflammatory cytokine traits (N = 8,293), and 6 obesity traits were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to infer the causal links using inverse variance-weighted, maximum likelihood, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and Wald ratio methods. Several sensitivity analyses were also utilized to ensure reliable MR results. Finally, we used mediation analysis to identify the pathway from gut microbiota to obesity mediated by plasma metabolites, peripheral cells, and inflammatory cytokines. Results MR revealed a causal effect of 44 gut microbiota taxa, 281 plasma metabolites, 27 peripheral cells, and 8 inflammatory cytokines on obesity. Among them, five shared causal gut microbiota taxa belonged to the phylum Actinobacteria, order Bifidobacteriales, family Bifidobacteriaceae, genus Lachnospiraceae UCG008, and species Eubacterium nodatum group. Furthermore, we screened 42 shared causal metabolites, 7 shared causal peripheral cells, and 1 shared causal inflammatory cytokine. Based on known causal metabolites, we observed that the metabolic pathways of D-arginine, D-ornithine, linoleic acid, and glycerophospholipid metabolism were closely related to obesity. Finally, mediation analysis revealed 20 mediation relationships, including the causal pathway from gut microbiota to obesity, mediated by 17 metabolites, 2 peripheral cells, and 1 inflammatory cytokine. Sensitivity analysis represented no heterogeneity or pleiotropy in this study. Conclusion Our findings support a causal relationship among gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, peripheral cells, inflammatory cytokines, and obesity. These biomarkers provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying obesity and contribute to its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zitong Zhang
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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9
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Munezero O, Cho S, Kim IH. The effects of synbiotics-glyconutrients on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gas emission, meat quality, and fatty acid profile of finishing pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:310-325. [PMID: 38628678 PMCID: PMC11016742 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Glyconutrients help in the body's cell communication. Glyconutrients and synbiotics are promising options for improving immune function. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining synbiotics and glyconutrients will enhance pig nutrient utilization. 150 pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc), initially weighing 58.85 ± 3.30 kg of live body weight (BW) were utilized to determine the effects of synbiotics-glyconutrients (SGN) on the pigs' performance, feed efficiency, gas emission, pork traits, and composition of fatty acids. The pigs were matched by BW and sex and chosen at random to 1 of 3 diet treatments: control = Basal diet; TRT1 = Basal diet + SGN 0.15%; TRT2 = Basal diet + SGN 0.30%%. The trials were conducted in two phases (weeks 1-5 and weeks 5-10). The average daily gain was increased in pigs fed a basal diet with SGN (p = 0.036) in weeks 5-10. However, the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy did not differ among the treatments (p > 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on NH3, H2S, methyl mercaptans, acetic acids, and CO2 emissions (p > 0.05). Improvement in drip loss on day 7 (p = 0.053) and tendency in the cooking loss were observed (p = 0.070) in a group fed basal diets and SGN at 0.30% inclusion level. The group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN had higher levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), margaric acid (C17:0), omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and ω-6: ω-3 ratio (p = 0.034, 0.020, 0.025, 0.007, and 0.003, respectively) in the fat of finishing pigs. Furthermore, group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN improved margaric acid (C17:0), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidic acid (C20:0), omega 6 fatty acid, omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, unsaturated fatty acid, and monounsaturated fatty acid (p = 0.037, 0.05, 0.0142, 0.036, 0.033, 0.020, and 0.045, respectively) in the lean tissues of finishing pigs compared to pigs fed with the control diets. In conclusion, the combination of probiotics, prebiotics, and glyconutrients led to higher average daily gain, improved the quality of pork, and more favorable fatty acid composition. Therefore, these results contributed to a better understanding of the potential of SGN combinations as a feed additive for pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Munezero
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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10
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Yuan X, Wei Y, Jiang H, Wang H, Wang Z, Dong M, Dong X, Zhang J. Longitudinal Relationship between the Percentage of Energy Intake from Macronutrients and Overweight/Obesity among Chinese Adults from 1991 to 2018. Nutrients 2024; 16:666. [PMID: 38474794 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prospective relationship between macronutrient intake and overweight/obesity, data were collected in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1991 to 2018. Adults who participated in at least two waves of the survey and were not obese at baseline were selected as the study subjects. A total of 14,531 subjects were finally included with complete data. Overweight/obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24.0 kg/m2. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to analyze the relationship between the percentage of energy intake from macronutrients and BMI and overweight/obesity. The percentages of energy intake from protein and fat showed an increasing trend (p < 0.01), and the percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate showed a decreasing trend (p < 0.01) among Chinese adults between 1991 and 2018. Adjusting for covariates, the energy intake from fat was positively correlated with BMI, while the energy intake from carbohydrates was negatively correlated with BMI. The percentage of energy intake from non-high-quality protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were positively correlated with overweight/obesity. In contrast, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and high-quality carbohydrates were negatively correlated with overweight/obesity. In short, fat, non-high-quality protein, saturated fatty acids (SFA), and PUFA were positively correlated with the risk of obesity, whereas higher carbohydrate, MUFA, and high-quality carbohydrate intake were associated with a lower risk of obesity. Obesity can be effectively prevented by appropriately adjusting the proportion of intake from the three major macronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yuan
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanli Wei
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongru Jiang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of Health Commission of China, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mengru Dong
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiguo Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of Health Commission of China, Beijing 100050, China
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11
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Chen Q, Luo Y, Shen Y, Li X, Yang H, Li J, Wang J, Xiao Y. Fructose corn syrup induces inflammatory injury and obesity by altering gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related arachidonic acid metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109527. [PMID: 37979711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fructose corn syrup (FCS) intake brings a series of health problems. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism of FCS-induced metabolic disorders from the perspective of gut microbiota. Mice were fed for 16 weeks with normal or 30% FCS drinking water. Compared to the control group, FCS caused significantly higher fat deposition, hepatic steatosis, liver and intestinal inflammatory damages (P<.05). FCS increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae in vivo and in vitro, which was positively correlated with the indices of metabolic disorders (P<.05). In vivo and in vitro data indicated that FCS enhanced the microbial function involved in pentose phosphate pathway and arachidonic acid metabolism, metabolomics further demonstrated that FCS led to an increase in prostaglandins (the catabolites of arachidonic acid) (P<.05). Our study confirmed that FCS can directly promote gut microbiota to synthesize inflammatory factor prostaglandins, which provides new insights and directions for the treatment of FCS-induced metabolic disorders and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinmei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Sabião TDS, Oliveira FCD, Bressan J, Pimenta AM, Hermsdorff HHM, Oliveira FLPD, Mendonça RDD, Carraro JCC. Fatty acid intake and prevalence of depression among Brazilian graduates and postgraduates (CUME Study). J Affect Disord 2024; 346:182-191. [PMID: 37949241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fatty acids are related to the development of several inflammatory-related diseases, which may include depression. So, the association between fatty acids, culinary oils and fat intake and depression in highly educated Brazilians was evaluated. METHODS Multicenter cross-sectional study using baseline data from the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais. The diagnosis of depression was self-reported, and the daily intake of fatty acids was assessed using a 144-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS A total of 7157 participants (68.83 % women) with a median age of 33 years were included. The prevalence of depression was 12.60 % (N = 902). In the adjusted analyses, it was observed that individuals with the highest intake of omega-6 fatty acids (n-6) (OR: 1.36, 95 % CI 1.11-1.67) had a higher prevalence of depression. This increased n-6 intake was identified as a risk factor for depression only among male participants, while among overweight participants, higher n-6 intake was also positively associated with depression. Conversely, a higher ratio of polyunsaturated to monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids (PM/S) was also found to be positively associated with depression, but this association was observed only among non-overweight participants. No associations were found between the consumption of culinary oils or fats and depression. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design limits the assessment of causality. The use of the FFQ can make estimates more difficult. CONCLUSION Higher consumption of n-6, and higher PM/S ratios were associated with depression, and individual factors can interfere. The mental health care policies should include specific nutritional strategies.
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13
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Shrestha N, Sleep SL, Holland OJ, Vidimce J, Bulmer AC, Cuffe JSM, Perkins AV, McAinch AJ, Hryciw DH. Maternal Diet High in Linoleic Acid Alters Offspring Lipids and Hepatic Regulators of Lipid Metabolism in an Adolescent Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1129. [PMID: 38256199 PMCID: PMC10816089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA), an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is essential for fetal growth and development. A maternal high LA (HLA) diet alters cardiovascular development in adolescent rats and hepatic function in adult rats in a sex-specific manner. We investigated the effects of an HLA diet on adolescent offspring hepatic lipids and hepatic lipid metabolism gene expression, and the ability of the postnatal diet to alter these effects. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed low LA (LLA; 1.44% energy from LA) or high LA (HLA; 6.21% energy from LA) diets during pregnancy and gestation/lactation. Offspring, weaned at postnatal day (PN) 25, were fed LLA or HLA and euthanised at PN40 (n = 6-8). Maternal HLA increased circulating uric acid, decreased hepatic cholesterol and increased hepatic Pparg in males, whereas only hepatic Srebf1 and Hmgcr increased in females. Postnatal (post-weaning) HLA decreased liver weight (% body weight) and increased hepatic Hmgcr in males, and decreased hepatic triglycerides in females. Maternal and postnatal HLA had an interaction effect on Lpl, Cpt1a and Pparg in females. These findings suggest that an HLA diet both during and after pregnancy should be avoided to improve offspring disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (S.L.S.); (O.J.H.); (J.V.); (A.C.B.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Simone L. Sleep
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (S.L.S.); (O.J.H.); (J.V.); (A.C.B.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Olivia J. Holland
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (S.L.S.); (O.J.H.); (J.V.); (A.C.B.); (A.V.P.)
- Women’s, Newborn and Childrens Services, Gold Coast Health, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Josif Vidimce
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (S.L.S.); (O.J.H.); (J.V.); (A.C.B.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Andrew C. Bulmer
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (S.L.S.); (O.J.H.); (J.V.); (A.C.B.); (A.V.P.)
| | - James S. M. Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Anthony V. Perkins
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (S.L.S.); (O.J.H.); (J.V.); (A.C.B.); (A.V.P.)
- School of Health, University of Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Andrew J. McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Deanne H. Hryciw
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Griffith Institute of Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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14
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Valenzuela R, Metherel AH, Cisbani G, Smith ME, Chouinard-Watkins R, Klievik BJ, Videla LA, Bazinet RP. Protein concentrations and activities of fatty acid desaturase and elongase enzymes in liver, brain, testicle, and kidney from mice: Substrate dependency. Biofactors 2024; 50:89-100. [PMID: 37470206 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis rates of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in rodents and humans are not agreed upon and depend on substrate availability independently of the capacity for synthesis. Therefore, we aimed to assess the activities of the enzymes for n-3 and n-6 PUFA synthesis pathways in liver, brain, testicle, kidney, heart, and lung, in relation to their protein concentration levels. Eight-week-old Balb/c mice (n = 8) were fed a standard chow diet (6.2% fat, 18.6% protein, and 44.2% carbohydrates) until 14 weeks of age, anesthetized with isoflurane and tissue samples were collected (previously perfused) and stored at -80°C. The protein concentration of the enzymes (Δ-6D, Δ-5D, Elovl2, and Elovl5) were assessed by ELISA kits; their activities were assayed using specific PUFA precursors and measuring the respective PUFA products as fatty acid methyl esters by gas chromatographic analysis. The liver had the highest capacity for PUFA biosynthesis, with limited activity in the brain, testicles, and kidney, while we failed to detect activity in the heart and lung. The protein concentration and activity of the enzymes were significantly correlated. Furthermore, Δ-6D, Δ-5D, and Elovl2 have a higher affinity for n-3 PUFA precursors compared to n-6 PUFA. The capacity for PUFA synthesis in mice mainly resides in the liver, with enzymes having preference for n-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Giulia Cisbani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mackenzie E Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brinley J Klievik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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15
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Wei T, Tan D, Zhong S, Zhang H, Deng Z, Li J. Differences in Absorption and Metabolism between Structured 1,3-Oleate-2-palmitate Glycerol and 1-Oleate-2-palmitate-3-linoleate Glycerol on C57BL/6J Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19610-19621. [PMID: 38038963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated differences in absorption and metabolism between 1,3-oleate-2-palmitate glycerol (OPO) and 1-oleate-2-palmitate-3-linoleate glycerol (OPL) using C57BL/6J mice. OPL was associated with higher postprandial plasma total triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations, and the ratio of LDL-C to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to those of OPO (p > 0.05). OPO significantly increased postprandial oleic acid (OA) concentrations compared to OPL over the entire monitoring period (p < 0.05), while OPL significantly elevated linoleic acid (LA) levels compared to OPO (p < 0.05). After 1 month of feeding, the mice in both OPO and OPL groups showed lower final weight, weight gain, and liver TG, LDL-C, and LDL/HDL concentrations compared to the control (soybean oil) group. Lipidomics results showed that OPO increased the biosynthesis of very long-chain fatty acids and decreased the abundance of AcCa (16:1), AcCa (18:2), AcCa (18:1), AcCa (16:0), CarE (16:0), and CarE (16:1) relative to OPL. These lipid metabolites were positively correlated with liver TG, LDL-C, and LDL/HDL levels and negatively related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX1) expression. This study showed differences in physiologic functions between OPO and OPL and provided support for the future application of OPL in infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Dengfeng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Shengyue Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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16
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Tajadod S, Shekari S, Khalatbari Mohseni G, Abbasi K, Torki SA, Salimi Z, Keshavarz Mohammadian M, Shapouri M, Jarrahi SAM, Sobhani Far F, Shafaei H, Doaei S, YazdiMoghaddam H, Gholamalizadeh M. Association between type 2 diabetes and different types of dietary fats: A case-control study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:67-72. [PMID: 38057038 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of dietary fats on type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not clear. This study aimed to determine the association between T2D and dietary fatty acids among Iranian adults. METHODS This case-control study was performed on 4241 participants aged 35-70, including 1804 people with T2D and pre-diabetes as the case group and 2437 people without diabetes as the control group. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS The cases had higher age (48.36 ± 8.62 vs. 54.53 ± 7.75 y, P < 0.001), weight (73.7713.41 vs. 76.18 ± 13.49 kg, P = 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (28.02 ± 4.70 vs. 24 ± 4.74 kg/m2, P = 0.001), right systolic blood pressure (RSBP) (113.33 ± 16.7 vs. 121.61 ± 17.24 mmHg, P = 0.001), right diastolic blood pressure (RDBP) (71.41 ± 10.53 vs. 75.33 ± 9.92 mmHg, P = 0.001), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (96.87 ± 19.39 vs. 169.95 ± 69.28 mg/dl, P = 0.001), blood urine nitrogen (BUN) (13.65 ± 3.74 vs. 14.26 ± 4.03 mg/dl, P = 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (141.61 ± 99.37 vs. 175.96 ± 114.74 mg/dl, P = 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (218.24 ± 66.35 vs. 246.97 ± 72.65 IU/L, P = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (111.68 ± 33.02 vs. 101.97 ± 36.54 mg/dl, P = 0.001), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (21.88 ± 15.15 vs. 23.55 ± 15.96 IU/L, P = 0.001), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (24.66 ± 20.42 vs. 30.72 ± 30.43 IU/L P = 0.001), and cholesterol (192.45 ± 39.1190 vs. 187.12 ± 46.19 mg/dl P = 0.001) compared to the control group. T2D was negatively associated with dietary intake of PUFAs (OR = 0.93, CI95%:0.84-1.03, P = 0.01) and positively associated with dietary cholesterol (OR: 1.01, CI95%:1.001-1.01, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION In summary, cholesterol was positively and PUFAs were negatively associated with diabetes. If the results of the present study on the effect of fat intake on diabetes are proven, future dietary recommendations for people at risk of diabetes may be corrected by providing diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and low in cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Tajadod
- Department of Nutrition, School Of Public Health, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Shekari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golsa Khalatbari Mohseni
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saheb Abbas Torki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Salimi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Shapouri
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hanieh Shafaei
- Nursing and Midwifery School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamideh YazdiMoghaddam
- Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Operating Room Department, Faculty of Paramedics, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Yu H, Yu B, Qin X, Shan W. A unique inflammation-related mechanism by which high-fat diets induce depression-like behaviors in mice. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:180-193. [PMID: 37437725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is an important reason for promoting depression, but the mechanism is unclear. The present study aims to explore the relationship between metabolic disturbance and HFD-induced depression-like behaviors. METHODS Depression models were established by HFD consumption and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, gas chromatography and metabolomic analysis were undertaken to investigate the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system, neuroinflammation and to identify altered lipid metabolic pathways. RESULTS Depression-like behaviors, impaired 5-HT neurotransmission and disordered lipid metabolism were observed upon HFD consumption. Despite a similar reduction of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in CUMS and HFD group, high levels of body low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the HFD group could help distinguish HFD from CUMS. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inflammation-related metabolites were increased in HFD mice, so a link between depression and inflammation was postulated. Different metabolites were enriched in the two groups. The linoleic acid (LA) metabolic pathway and expression of fatty acid desaturase (FADS)1 and FADS2 (key enzymes in LA metabolic pathway) were enhanced significantly in HFD mice compared with the control group. LIMITATIONS Causality analyses for HFD and inflammation-related features were not undertaken. CONCLUSIONS HFD-induced depression-like behaviors was characterized by more severely disordered metabolism of lipids (especially in the LA metabolic pathway) and increased levels of inflammatory mediators, which might be the reasons for the disturbance of serotonergic system in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Bixian Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyuan Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiguang Shan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Burr SD, Chen Y, Hartley CP, Zhao X, Liu J. Replacement of saturated fatty acids with linoleic acid in western diet attenuates atherosclerosis in a mouse model with inducible ablation of hepatic LDL receptor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16832. [PMID: 37803087 PMCID: PMC10558454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary saturate fatty acids (SFAs) have been consistently linked to atherosclerosis and obesity, both of which are characterized by chronic inflammation and impaired lipid metabolism. In comparison, the effects of linoleic acid (LA), the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet, seem to diverge. Data from human studies suggest a positive association between high dietary intake of LA and the improvement of cardiovascular risk. However, excessive LA intake has been implicated in the development of obesity. Concerns have also been raised on the potential pro-inflammatory properties of LA metabolites. Herein, by utilizing a mouse model with liver-specific Ldlr knockdown, we directly determined the effects of replacing SFAs with LA in a Western diet on the development of obesity and atherosclerosis. Specifically, mice treated with a Ldlr ASO were placed on a Western diet containing either SFA-rich butter (WD-B) or LA-rich corn oil (WD-CO) for 12 weeks. Despite of showing no changes in body weight gain or adiposity, mice on WD-CO exhibited significantly less atherosclerotic lesions compared to those on WD-B diet. Reduced lesion formation in the WD-CO-fed mice corresponded with a reduction of plasma triglyceride and cholesterol content, especially in VLDL and LDL, and ApoB protein levels. Although it increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the liver, WD-CO did not appear to affect hepatic injury or damage when compared to WD-B. Collectively, our results indicate that replacing SFAs with LA in a Western diet could reduce the development of atherosclerosis independently of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D Burr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Guggenheim Building 14-11A, 222 3Rd Avenue SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yongbin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Christopher P Hartley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xianda Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Guggenheim Building 14-11A, 222 3Rd Avenue SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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19
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Zhang Y, Cao Z, Wang L, Dong B, Qi S, Xu X, Bao Q, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Chang G, Chen G. Effects of linseed oil supplementation duration on fatty acid profile and fatty acid metabolism-related genes in the muscles of Chinese crested white ducks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102896. [PMID: 37473521 PMCID: PMC10371819 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids is considered beneficial to health. Supplementing the diet with linseed oil promotes the deposition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in poultry, a conclusion that has been confirmed multiple times in chicken meat. However, fewer studies have focused on the effects of dietary fatty acids on duck meat. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of the feeding time of a linseed oil diet on duck meat performance and gene expression, including meat quality performance, plasma biochemical indicators, fatty acid profile, and gene expression. For this study, we selected 168 Chinese crested ducks at 28 days old and divided them into three groups, with 56 birds in each group. The linseed oil content in the different treatment groups was as follows: the control group (0% flaxseed oil), the 14d group (2% linseed oil), and the 28d group (2% linseed oil). Ducks in the two experimental groups were fed a linseed oil diet for 28 and 14 days at 28 and 42 days of age, respectively. The results showed that linseed oil had no negative effect on duck performance (slaughter rate, breast muscle weight, and leg muscle weight) or meat quality performance (pH, meat color, drip loss, and shear force) (P > 0.05). The addition of linseed oil in the diet increased plasma total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P < 0.05), while decreasing triglyceride content (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the supplementation of linseed oil for four weeks affected the composition of muscle fatty acids. Specifically, levels of α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid were increased (P < 0.05), while eicosatetraenoic acid content was negatively correlated with flaxseed oil intake (P < 0.05). qRT-PCR analysis further revealed that the expression of FATP1, FABP5, and ELOVL5 genes in the breast muscle, as well as FABP3 and FADS2 genes in the thigh muscle, increased after four weeks of linseed oil supplementation (P < 0.05). However, after two weeks of feeding, CPT1A gene expression inhibited fatty acid deposition, suggesting an increase in fatty acid oxidation (P < 0.05). Overall, the four-week feeding time may be a key factor in promoting the deposition of n-3 PUFAs in duck meat. However, the limitation of this study is that it remains unknown whether longer supplementation time will continue to affect the deposition of n-3 PUFAs. Further experiments are needed to explain how prolonged feeding of linseed oil will affect the meat quality traits and fatty acid profile of duck meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| | - Laidi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| | - Bingqiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| | - Shangzong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| | - Xinlei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| | - Qiang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China.
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20
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Rousseau-Ralliard D, Chavatte-Palmer P, Couturier-Tarrade A. The Effect of Maternal Exposure to a Diet High in Fats and Cholesterol on the Placental Function and Phenotype of the Offspring in a Rabbit Model: A Summary Review of About 15 Years of Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14547. [PMID: 37834002 PMCID: PMC10572169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The rates of obesity and being overweight are increasing all around the world, especially among women of childbearing age, in part due to overconsumption of lipids. The aim of this summary review was to present the cellular and molecular effects of a hyperlipidic high-cholesterol (H) diet on the maternal and offspring phenotype at the early embryonic, neonatal, weaning and adult stages while considering the effects of sex and to identify the window(s) of vulnerability linked to this exposure in a rabbit model. Before breeding, the H diet induced dyslipidemia and aortic atherosclerosis lesions and increased the number of atretic follicles. In the offspring, the H diet disrupted the embryonic phenotype and induced fetal hypotrophy associated with sex-specific disturbances of the feto-placental unit. In adulthood, the offspring of the H dams were heavier and hyperphagic and had increased blood pressure associated with disturbed gonadal development in both sexes. Vulnerability windows were explored via embryo transfers. The maternal gestational diet was shown to play a key role in the feto-placental phenotype, and preconception programming was unquestionably also observed. These two periods could represent windows of intervention in the context of obesity or being overweight to limit fetal and placental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard
- BREED, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (D.R.-R.); (P.C.-P.)
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- BREED, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (D.R.-R.); (P.C.-P.)
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Couturier-Tarrade
- BREED, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (D.R.-R.); (P.C.-P.)
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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21
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Mercola J, D'Adamo CR. Linoleic Acid: A Narrative Review of the Effects of Increased Intake in the Standard American Diet and Associations with Chronic Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:3129. [PMID: 37513547 PMCID: PMC10386285 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The intake of linoleic acid (LA) has increased dramatically in the standard American diet. LA is generally promoted as supporting human health, but there exists controversy regarding whether the amount of LA currently consumed in the standard American diet supports human health. The goal of this narrative review is to explore the mechanisms that underlie the hypothesis that excessive LA intake may harm human health. While LA is considered to be an essential fatty acid and support health when consumed in modest amounts, an excessive intake of LA leads to the formation of oxidized linoleic acid metabolites (OXLAMs), impairments in mitochondrial function through suboptimal cardiolipin composition, and likely contributes to many chronic diseases that became an epidemic in the 20th century, and whose prevalence continues to increase. The standard American diet comprises 14 to 25 times more omega-6 fatty acids than omega-3 fatty acids, with the majority of omega-6 intake coming from LA. As LA consumption increases, the potential for OXLAM formation also increases. OXLAMs have been associated with various illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease, among others. Lowering dietary LA intake can help reduce the production and accumulation of OXLAMs implicated in chronic diseases. While there are other problematic components in the standard American diet, the half-life of LA is approximately two years, which means the damage can be far more persistent than other dietary factors, and the impact of reducing excessive LA intake takes time. Therefore, additional research-evaluating approaches to reduce OXLAM formation and cardiolipin derangements following LA consumption are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mercola
- Natural Health Partners, LLC, 125 SW 3rd Place, Cape Coral, FL 33991, USA
| | - Christopher R D'Adamo
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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22
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Pekkarinen L, Kantonen T, Oikonen V, Haaparanta-Solin M, Aarnio R, Dickens AM, von Eyken A, Latva-Rasku A, Dadson P, Kirjavainen AK, Rajander J, Kalliokoski K, Rönnemaa T, Nummenmaa L, Nuutila P. Lower abdominal adipose tissue cannabinoid type 1 receptor availability in young men with overweight. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1844-1858. [PMID: 37368516 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1R) modulate feeding behavior and energy homeostasis, and the CB1R tone is dysgulated in obesity. This study aimed to investigate CB1R availability in peripheral tissue and brain in young men with overweight versus lean men. METHODS Healthy males with high (HR, n = 16) or low (LR, n = 20) obesity risk were studied with fluoride 18-labeled FMPEP-d2 positron emission tomography to quantify CB1R availability in abdominal adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, muscle, and brain. Obesity risk was assessed by BMI, physical exercise habits, and familial obesity risk, including parental overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. To assess insulin sensitivity, fluoro-[18 F]-deoxy-2-D-glucose positron emission tomography during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed. Serum endocannabinoids were analyzed. RESULTS CB1R availability in abdominal adipose tissue was lower in the HR than in the LR group, whereas no difference was found in other tissues. CB1R availability of abdominal adipose tissue and brain correlated positively with insulin sensitivity and negatively with unfavorable lipid profile, BMI, body adiposity, and inflammatory markers. Serum arachidonoyl glycerol concentration was associated with lower CB1R availability of the whole brain, unfavorable lipid profile, and higher serum inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest endocannabinoid dysregulation already in the preobesity state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pekkarinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tatu Kantonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Haaparanta-Solin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Alex M Dickens
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Annie von Eyken
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Prince Dadson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Johan Rajander
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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23
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Gómez-Vilarrubla A, Mas-Parés B, Carreras-Badosa G, Jové M, Berdún R, Bonmatí-Santané A, de Zegher F, Ibañez L, López-Bermejo A, Bassols J. Placental AA/EPA Ratio Is Associated with Obesity Risk Parameters in the Offspring at 6 Years of Age. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10087. [PMID: 37373236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are transferred to the fetus through the placenta by specific FA transporters (FATP). A higher perinatal exposure to n-6 over n-3 PUFA could be linked to excess fat mass and obesity development later in life. In this context, we aimed to assess the associations between long chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) (n-6, n-3, and n-6/n-3 ratios) measured in the placenta at term birth with obesity-related parameters in the offspring at 6 years of age and assess whether these associations are dependent on the placental relative expression of fatty acid transporters. As results, the PUFAn-6/PUFAn-3 ratio was 4/1, which scaled up to 15/1 when considering only the arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio (AA/EPA ratio). Positive associations between the AA/EPA ratio and offspring's obesity risk parameters were found with weight-SDS, BMI-SDS, percent fat mass-SDS, visceral fat, and HOMA-IR (r from 0.204 to 0.375; all p < 0.05). These associations were more noticeable in those subjects with higher expression of fatty acid transporters. Therefore, in conclusion, a higher placental AA/EPA ratio is positively associated with offspring's visceral adiposity and obesity risk parameters, which become more apparent in subjects with higher expressions of placental FATPs. Our results support the potential role of n-6 and n-3 LC-PUFA in the fetal programming of obesity risk in childhood. For the present study, 113 healthy pregnant women were recruited during the first trimester of pregnancy and their offspring were followed up at 6 years of age. The fatty acid profiles and the expression of fatty acid transporters (FATP1 and FATP4) were analyzed from placental samples at birth. Associations between LC-PUFA (n-6, n-3, and n-6/n-3 ratios) and obesity risk parameters (weight, body mass index (BMI), percent fat mass, visceral fat, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) in the offspring at 6 years of age were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Gómez-Vilarrubla
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Berta Mas-Parés
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Gemma Carreras-Badosa
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), 25008 Lleida, Spain
| | - Rebeca Berdún
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), 25008 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Francis de Zegher
- Department of Development & Regeneration, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Ibañez
- Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- CIBERDEM (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
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24
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Chen W, Ao Y, Lan X, Tong W, Liu X, Zhang X, Ye Q, Li Y, Liu L, Ye H, Zhuang P, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Jiao J. Associations of specific dietary unsaturated fatty acids with risk of overweight/obesity: population-based cohort study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1150709. [PMID: 37360299 PMCID: PMC10285060 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1150709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of specific unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) in the development of overweight/obesity remains unclear in the general population. Here, we aimed to explore the associations of different types of unsaturated FAs with overweight/obesity risk among the Chinese population. Methods Eight thousand seven hundred forty-two subjects free of overweight/obesity at entry in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were followed up until 2015. Dietary unsaturated FAs were assessed by 3-day 24-h recalls with a weighing method in each wave. Cox regression models were used to obtain the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overweight/obesity risk associated with unsaturated FAs. Results During a median follow-up of 7 years, 2,753 subjects (1,350 males and 1,403 females) developed overweight/obesity. Consuming more monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) was associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity (highest vs. lowest quartile: HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.96; P-trend = 0.010). Similar inverse associations were observed for plant-MUFAs (HRQ4vsQ1 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.94; P-trend = 0.003) and animal-MUFAs (HRQ4vsQ1 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.94; P-trend = 0.004), total dietary oleic acid (OA) (HRQ4vsQ1 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55-0.79; P-trend <0.001), plant-OA (HRQ4vsQ1 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.83; P-trend <0.001) and animal-OA (HRQ4vsQ1 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55-0.84; P-trend <0.001). In addition, the intakes of n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) (HRQ4vsQ1 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09-1.42; P-trend = 0.017) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) (HRQ4vsQ1 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07-1.39; P-trend = 0.039) but not marine n-3 PUFAs were positively linked to overweight/obesity risk. Consumption of n-6 PUFAs (HRQ4vsQ1 1.13, 95% CI: 0.99-1.28; P-trend = 0.014) and linoleic acid (LA) (HRQ4vsQ1 1.11, 95% CI: 0.98-1.26; P-trend = 0.020) had marginal and positive relationships with the incidence of overweight/obesity. N-6/n-3 PUFA ratio ranging from 5.7 to 12.6 was related to higher risk of overweight/obesity. Conclusion Higher dietary intake of MUFAs was associated with lower overweight/obesity risk, which was mainly driven by dietary OA from either plant or animal sources. Intakes of ALA, n-6 PUFAs and LA were related to higher risk of overweight/obesity. These results support consuming more MUFAs for maintaining a healthy body weight among the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chen
- Lanxi Red Cross Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Ao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaochun Lan
- Lanxi People’s Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenzhou Tong
- Lanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Lanxi People’s Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- Lanxi Red Cross Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linfen Liu
- Lanxi People’s Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Ye
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifang Zheng
- Lanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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25
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Feng Y, Cui Y, Jin J, Huang S, Wei J, Yao M, Zhou D, Mao S. The Alterations of Gut Microbiome and Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Neurol Ther 2023; 12:961-976. [PMID: 37103747 PMCID: PMC10134726 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) can cause multiple system dysfunction, especially lipid metabolic disorders, for which management strategies are currently lacking. Microbes are related to metabolism and the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. This study aimed to preliminarily explore the alterations in the gut microbiota in SMA and the potential relationship between altered microbiota and lipid metabolic disorders. METHODS Fifteen patients with SMA and 17 gender- and age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Feces and fasting plasma samples were collected. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics analysis were performed to explore the correlation between microbiota and differential lipid metabolites. RESULTS No significant difference was found in microbial diversity (α- and β-diversity) between the SMA and control groups, with both groups having a relatively similar community structure. However, compared to the control group, the SMA group showed an increased relative abundance of the genera Ruminiclostridium, Gordonibacter, Enorma, Lawsonella, Frisingicoccus, and Anaerofilum and a decreased abundance of the genera Catabacter, Howardella, Marine_Methylotrophic_Group_3, and Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group. The concurrent metabolomic analysis showed that the SMA group had 56 different kinds of lipid metabolite levels than did the control group. Additionally, the Spearman correlation suggested a correlation between the altered differential lipid metabolites and the above-mentioned altered microbiota. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiome and lipid metabolites differed between the patients with SMA and the control subjects. The altered microbiota may be related with the lipid metabolic disorders in SMA. However, further study is necessary to clarify the mechanism of lipid metabolic disorders and develop management strategies to improve the related complications in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Feng
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Yiqin Cui
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jianing Jin
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Siyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Mei Yao
- Department of Infection, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Shanshan Mao
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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Yu X, Dong J, Xiang S, Li X, Qin Y, Zhu S, Zheng J, Yan Y, Mi J. Association of intestinal microbiota and its metabolite markers with excess weight in Chinese children and adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13019. [PMID: 36878714 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify the intestinal microbiota and faecal metabolic biomarkers associated with excess weight in Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 163 children aged 6-14 years (including 72 with normal-weight and 91 with overweight/obesity from three Chinese boarding schools). We used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to analyse the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. Of these participants, we selected 10 children with normal-weight and 10 with obesity (matched 1:1 for school, sex and age) and measured faecal metabolites using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Alpha diversity was significantly elevated in children with normal-weight compared to overweight/obese. Principle coordinate analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in intestinal microbial community structure between the normal-weight and overweight/obese groups. The two groups differed significantly in the relative abundances of Megamonas, Bifidobacterium and Alistipes. In faecal metabolomics analysis, we identified 14 differential metabolites and 2 main differential metabolic pathways associated with obesity. CONCLUSION This study identified intestinal microbiota and metabolic markers associated with excess weight in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Yu
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shiting Xiang
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xun Li
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | | | - Shaolun Zhu
- The Middle School of Fengshu, Taoyuan, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- The Primary School of Qinglin, Taoyuan, China
| | - Yinkun Yan
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Chen GY, Wang LZ, Cui Y, Liu JC, Wang LQ, Wang LL, Sun JY, Liu C, Tan HL, Li Q, Jin YS, Xu ZC, Yu DJ. Serum metabolomic analysis reveals key metabolites in drug treatment of central precocious puberty in female children. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:972297. [PMID: 36776772 PMCID: PMC9912178 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.972297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Precocious puberty (PP) is a common condition among children. According to the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, PP can be divided into central precocious puberty (CPP, gonadotropin dependent), peripheral precocious puberty (PPP, gonadotropin independent), and incomplete precocious puberty (IPP). Identification of the variations in key metabolites involved in CPP and their underlying biological mechanisms has increased the understanding of the pathological processes of this condition. However, little is known about the role of metabolite variations in the drug treatment of CPP. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the understanding of the crucial metabolites and pathways can help predict disease progression after pharmacological therapy of CPP. In this study, systematic metabolomic analysis was used to examine three groups, namely, healthy control (group N, 30 healthy female children), CPP (group S, 31 female children with CPP), and treatment (group R, 29 female children) groups. A total of 14 pathways (the top two pathways were aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis) were significantly enriched in children with CPP. In addition, two short peptides (His-Arg-Lys-Glu and Lys-Met-His) were found to play a significant role in CPP. Various metabolites associated with different pathways including amino acids, PE [19:1(9Z)0:0], tumonoic acid I, palmitic amide, and linoleic acid-biotin were investigated in the serum of children in all groups. A total of 45 metabolites were found to interact with a chemical drug [a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog] and a traditional Chinese medicinal formula (DBYW). This study helps to understand metabolic variations in CPP after drug therapy, and further investigation may help develop individualized treatment approaches for CPP in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-you Chen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Daqing, China,College of Pharmacy, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Li-zhe Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Cui
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Jin-cheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Li-qiu Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Long-long Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Jing-yue Sun
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Hai-ling Tan
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Yi-si Jin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Daqing, China,Yi-si Jin,
| | - Zhi-chun Xu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Daqing, China,Zhi-chun Xu,
| | - De-jun Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Daqing, China,*Correspondence: De-jun Yu,
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Sui K, Yasrebi A, Longoria CR, MacDonell AT, Jaffri ZH, Martinez SA, Fisher SE, Malonza N, Jung K, Tveter KM, Wiersielis KR, Uzumcu M, Shapses SA, Campbell SC, Roepke TA, Roopchand DE. Coconut Oil Saturated Fatty Acids Improved Energy Homeostasis but not Blood Pressure or Cognition in VCD-Treated Female Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad001. [PMID: 36626144 PMCID: PMC11009791 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, cardiometabolic disease, cognitive decline, and osteoporosis are symptoms of postmenopause, which can be modeled using 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-treated mice to induce ovarian failure and estrogen deficiency combined with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. The trend of replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs), for example coconut oil, with seed oils that are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically linoleic acid (LA), may induce inflammation and gut dysbiosis, and worsen symptoms of estrogen deficiency. To investigate this hypothesis, vehicle (Veh)- or VCD-treated C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD (45% kcal fat) with a high LA:SFA ratio (22.5%: 8%), referred to as the 22.5% LA diet, or a HFD with a low LA:SFA ratio (1%: 31%), referred to as 1% LA diet, for a period of 23 to 25 weeks. Compared with VCD-treated mice fed the 22.5% LA diet, VCD-treated mice fed the 1% LA diet showed lower weight gain and improved glucose tolerance. However, VCD-treated mice fed the 1% LA diet had higher blood pressure and showed evidence of spatial cognitive impairment. Mice fed the 1% LA or 22.5% LA diets showed gut microbial taxa changes that have been associated with a mix of both beneficial and unfavorable cognitive and metabolic phenotypes. Overall, these data suggest that consuming different types of dietary fat from a variety of sources, without overemphasis on any particular type, is the optimal approach for promoting metabolic health regardless of estrogen status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sui
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Candace R Longoria
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Avery T MacDonell
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Zehra H Jaffri
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Savannah A Martinez
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Samuel E Fisher
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Natasha Malonza
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Katie Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Kevin M Tveter
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Kimberly R Wiersielis
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mehmet Uzumcu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sue A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sara C Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Diana E Roopchand
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Crosstalk between Depression and Breast Cancer via Hepatic Epoxide Metabolism: A Central Comorbidity Mechanism. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217269. [PMID: 36364213 PMCID: PMC9655600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a serious global challenge, and depression is one of the risk factors and comorbidities of BC. Recently, the research on the comorbidity of BC and depression has focused on the dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the persistent stimulation of the inflammatory response. However, the further mechanisms for comorbidity remain unclear. Epoxide metabolism has been shown to have a regulatory function in the comorbid mechanism with scattered reports. Hence, this article reviews the role of epoxide metabolism in depression and BC. The comprehensive review discloses the imbalance in epoxide metabolism and its downstream effect shared by BC and depression, including overexpression of inflammation, upregulation of toxic diols, and disturbed lipid metabolism. These downstream effects are mainly involved in the construction of the breast malignancy microenvironment through liver regulation. This finding provides new clues on the mechanism of BC and depression comorbidity, suggesting in particular a potential relationship between the liver and BC, and provides potential evidence of comorbidity for subsequent studies on the pathological mechanism.
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Wang L, Dong B, Yang T, Zhang A, Hu X, Wang Z, Chang G, Chen G. Dietary linseed oil affects the polyunsaturated fatty acid and transcriptome profiles in the livers and breast muscles of ducks. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1030712. [PMID: 36386908 PMCID: PMC9650093 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Linseed oil, an important source of dietary α-linolenic acid, is used to provide meat enriched in n-3 PUFA. We investigated the effects of dietary linseed oil (0, 0.5, 1, and 2%) on growth performance, meat quality, tissue fatty acid (FA), and transcriptome profiles in ducks. The result showed that dietary linseed oil had no effect on growth performance. Increasing dietary linseed oil enrichment raised n-3 PUFA and linoleic acid (LA) levels in both the liver and breast muscle, but decreased dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels in the liver. The liver n-3 PUFA content was negatively correlated with duck body weight. Transcriptome analysis showed that dietary linseed oil caused hepatic changes in genes (SCD, FADS1, FADS2, and ACOT6) related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Besides, dietary linseed oil also affected the expression of genes related to PUFAs and downstream metabolites (such as linoleic acid, steroid hormone, progesterone, etc.) metabolic pathways in both liver and breast muscle. Key genes involved in PUFA synthesis and transport pathways were examined by RT-qPCR, and the results verified that hepatic expression levels of FADS1 and FADS2 decreased, and those of FABP4 and FABP5 increased when 2% linseed oil was added. CD36 expression level increased in breast muscle when 2% linseed oil was added. Thus, 2% dietary linseed oil supplementation produces n-3 PUFA-enriched duck products by regulating the PUFA metabolic pathways, which could be advantageous for health-conscious consumers.
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31
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Kim HK, Kang EY, Go GW. Recent insights into dietary ω-6 fatty acid health implications using a systematic review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1365-1376. [PMID: 36060573 PMCID: PMC9433510 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Heart Association suggests that consuming ω-6 fatty acids (5-10% of total energy) can prevent cardiovascular disease by improving lipoprotein profiles. However, some studies warn of deleterious effects of these due to eicosanoid biosynthesis. We explored the five years for clinical evidence of ω-6 fatty acids on several diseases including inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Predefined criteria identified a total of 21 articles in 5 databases. Some studies indicated that dietary arachidonic acid was not related to increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In cohort studies, ω-6 fatty acids prevented the onset of digestive and lung cancer. ω-6 Fatty acids improved blood lipoprotein profiles. Moreover, consuming ω-6 fatty acids delayed diabetes mellitus and chronic renal disease and had positive effects on muscle recovery and glaucoma. In conclusion, ω-6 fatty acids have beneficial effects on cancers, blood lipoprotein profiles, diabetes, renal disease, muscle function, and glaucoma without inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
| | - Eun Young Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
| | - Gwang-woong Go
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
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32
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Luo Z, Gao Q, Li Y, Bai Y, Zhang J, Xu W, Xu J. Flammulina velutipes Mycorrhizae Attenuate High Fat Diet-Induced Lipid Disorder, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Liver and Perirenal Adipose Tissue of Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183830. [PMID: 36145203 PMCID: PMC9505303 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes (FV) is edible mushroom that has nutritional and medicinal values. FV mycorrhizae, the by-products of FV, are an abundant source and receive less attention. The objective of this study was to investigate the composition of FV mycorrhizae, and its effects on high fat diet (HFD)-induced lipid disorder, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines, both in the liver and perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) of mice. The results showed that FV mycorrhizae contain abundant trace elements, polysaccharide, amino acids and derivatives, and organic compounds. It was found that 4% FV mycorrhizae (HFDFV) supplementation decreased HFD-induced liver weight and triglyceride (TG) in the plasma, liver and PAT, altered plasma and hepatic fatty acids profiles, promoted gene expression involved in lipid hydrolysis, fatty acid transportation and β-oxidation in the liver and reduced lipid synthesis in the liver and PAT. HFDFV attenuated HFD-induced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine by increasing GSH/GSSG, and decreasing levels of MDA and IL6 both in the liver and PAT, while it differentially regulated gene expression of IL1β, IL6, and CCL2 in liver and PAT. The results indicated that FV mycorrhizae are effective to attenuate HFD-induced lipid disorder, oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver and PAT, indicating their promising constituents for functional foods and herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingying Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuanfei Li
- Institute of Biological Technology, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, China
| | - Yifei Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weina Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-34205767
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Nutritional adequacy of meals and commissary items provided to individuals incarcerated in a southwest, rural county jail in the United States. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:96. [PMID: 36057678 PMCID: PMC9441029 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor diet may contribute to deleterious chronic health among individuals incarcerated. Yet, limited research has evaluated the nutritional content of menus and commissary items provided in jails. Thus, this study assessed the macronutrient distribution, caloric composition, and diet quality of the seven-day cycle menu and commissary items provided in a southwest, rural county jail in the United States. METHODS Daily and mean availability of calories and macronutrients for the seven-day cycle menu and commissary items were estimated using NutritionCalc Plus®. Diet quality (i.e., Healthy Eating Index-2015 [HEI-2015]) was assessed. Macronutrients and calories were compared to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) and the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Protein and carbohydrate were compared to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI). HEI-2015 was compared to the average U.S. diet. RESULTS Daily caloric provisions exceeded DGA recommendations. Daily available (16.2%-25.2% kcal/day) and mean protein met the AMDR recommendations, yet exceeded the DRI. Mean protein with commissary packs exceeded the AMDR recommendations and DRI. Daily available carbohydrate met AMDR recommendations for all but two days of the seven-day cycle menu, which exceeded recommendations (52.5%-66.4% kcal/day). Mean carbohydrate met the AMDR recommendations and exceeded the DRI, and with the commissary packs, exceeded the AMDR recommendations and DRI. Daily available total fat for the seven-day cycle menu (79.5-146.7 g), mean total fat alone and with the commissary packs exceeded AMDR recommendations. Daily available saturated fat for the seven-day cycle menu (16.7-47.7 g) exceeded AMDR recommendations for all but one day of the seven-day cycle menu, while mean saturated fat alone and with the commissary packs exceeded AMDR recommendations. Daily available added sugars for the seven-day cycle menu (8.4-14.2 g), mean added sugars alone and with the commissary packs all met AMDR recommendations. HEI-2015 scores for the seven-day cycle menu ranged from 49.3-74.5 (mean = 62.2, SD = 9.4), and increased with the commissary packs. CONCLUSIONS Exceeding caloric and saturated fat recommendations may contribute to weight gain, regardless of high diet quality. Increasing nutrient-dense foods available in jail may reduce chronic disease among incarcerated populations.
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Leachman JR, Cincinelli C, Ahmed N, Dalmasso C, Xu M, Gatineau E, Nikolajczyk BS, Yiannikouris F, Hinds TD, Loria AS. Early life stress exacerbates obesity in adult female mice via mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent increases in adipocyte triglyceride and glycerol content. Life Sci 2022; 304:120718. [PMID: 35714704 PMCID: PMC10987253 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that Maternal Separation and Early Weaning (MSEW) exacerbates high fat diet (HF)-induced visceral obesity in female offspring compared to normally reared female mice. Stress hormones such as glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are critical mediators in the process of fat expansion, and both can activate the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the adipocyte. Therefore, this study aimed to, comprehend the specific effects of MSEW on adipose tissue basic homeostatic function, and investigate whether female MSEW mice show an exacerbated obesogenic response mediated by MR. Gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT), a type of visceral fat, was collected to assess lipidomics, transcriptomics, and in vitro lipolysis assay. Obese female MSEW mice showed increased adiposity, elevated 44:2/FA 18:2 + NH4 lipid class and reduced mitochondrial DNA density compared to obese control counterparts. In addition, single-cell RNA sequencing in isolated pre- and mature adipocytes showed a ~9-fold downregulation of aquaglycerolporin 3 (Aqp3), a channel responsible for glycerol efflux in adipocytes. Obese MSEW mice showed high levels of circulating aldosterone and gWAT-derived corticosterone compared to controls. Further, the MR blocker spironolactone (Spiro, 100 mg/kg/day, 2 weeks) normalized the elevated intracellular glycerol levels, the greater in vitro lipolysis response, and the number of large size adipocytes in MSEW mice compared to the controls. Our data suggests that MR plays a role promoting adipocyte hypertrophy in female MSEW mice by preventing lipolysis via glycerol release in favor of triglyceride formation and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Leachman
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cole Cincinelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nermin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Carolina Dalmasso
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eva Gatineau
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Frederique Yiannikouris
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; SAHA Cardiovascular Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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35
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Yang Y, Ge S, Chen Q, Lin S, Zeng S, Tan BK, Hu J. Chlorella unsaturated fatty acids suppress high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57/BL6J mice. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3644-3658. [PMID: 35822300 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chlorella has been identified as a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids. Since the antiobesity effects of unsaturated fatty acids have been well documented; therefore, we explored the antiobesity actions of chlorella unsaturated fatty acids (C.UFAs) in the current study. The obtained results demonstrated C.UFAs, which contain abundant linoleic acid, could retard body weight gain (reducing body weigh by 13.93% after 16 weeks of treatment), improve blood glucose (19.29% lower) and lipid profile (23.45% lower in TG, 8.76% lower in TC) compared to high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. The possible underlying mechanisms might involve reducing hepatic lipid accumulation via down-regulation of lipogenic genes (PPARγ, C/EBPα, LPL, aP2, FAS, and SREBP-1c) and up-regulation of lipolytic gene (adiponectin). We also demonstrate C.UFAs could reduce HFD-induced adipocyte hypertrophy via activation of AMPK signaling pathway in adipose tissue and liver. In summary, our study highlights the potential of C.UFAs as a functional food for obesity management. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Chlorella has already been commercialized as a functional food antiobesity function. In the current study, the unsaturated fatty acids isolated from chlorella were found to exert beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and adipocyte hypertrophy in high-fat diet-fed mice. This may provide theoretical foundation for developing novel chlorella-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shenhan Ge
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China.,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoxiao Zeng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
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36
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Ferreira Azevedo L, Masiero MM, Cherkaoui S, Hornos Carneiro MF, Barbosa F, Zamboni N. The alternative analog plasticizer BPS displays similar phenotypic and metabolomic responses to BPA in HepG2 and INS-1E cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 167:113266. [PMID: 35779701 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenols A (BPA) and S (BPS) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that affect energy metabolism, leading to impairment of glucose and lipid homeostasis. We aimed at identifying metabolic pathways regulated by both compounds in human liver cells and rat pancreatic β-cells that could impair energy homeostasis regulation. We assessed the effects on growth, proliferation, and viability of hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and insulinoma (INS-1E) cells exposed to either BPA or BPS in a full range concentration between 0.001 and 100 μM. Both the dose and duration of exposure caused a differential response on growth and viability of both cells. Effects were more pronounced on HepG2, as these cells exhibited non-linear dose-responses following exposure to xenobiotics. For INS-1E, effect was observed only at the highest concentration. In addition, we profiled their intracellular state by untargeted metabolomics at 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure. This analysis revealed time- and dose-dependently molecular changes for HepG2 and INS-1E that were similar between BPA and BPS. Both increased levels of inflammatory mediators, such as metabolites pertaining to linolenic and linoleic acid metabolic pathway. In summary, this study shows that BPS also disrupts molecular functions in cells that regulate energy homeostasis, displaying similar but less pronounced responses than BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ferreira Azevedo
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Mauro Miguel Masiero
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland; PhD Program in Systems Biology, Life Science Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - S Cherkaoui
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland; PhD Program in Systems Biology, Life Science Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland; Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich and Children's Research Center, University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France.
| | - M F Hornos Carneiro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile.
| | - F Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - N Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Suloma A, El–Husseiny OM, A Zidan AENF, Mabroke RS. The efficiency of washout strategy on decreasing the deposit linoleic acid of tilapia fillet and viscera. AQUACULTURE REPORTS 2022; 23:101094. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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38
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Wang X, Jin M, Cheng X, Hu X, Zhao M, Yuan Y, Sun P, Jiao L, Tocher DR, Betancor MB, Zhou Q. Lipidomic profiling reveals molecular modification of lipids in hepatopancreas of juvenile mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) fed with different dietary DHA/EPA ratios. Food Chem 2022; 372:131289. [PMID: 34818734 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Untargeted lipidomic analysis was conducted to explore how different dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio and, specifically, how an optimal ratio (2.3) compared to a suboptimum ratio (0.6) impacted lipid molecular species and the positional distribution of fatty acids in hepatopancreas of mud crab. The results indicated that major category of lipid affected by dietary DHA/EPA ratio was glycerophospholipids (GPs). The optimum dietary DHA/EPA ratio increased the contents of DHA bound to the sn-2 and sn-3 positions of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triacylglycerol, EPA bound to the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine and 18:2n-6 bound to the sn-2 position of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Increased dietary DHA/EPA ratio also led to competition between arachidonic acid (ARA) and 18:2n-6 bound to esterified sites. Appropriate dietary DHA/EPA ratio can not only improve the growth performance and nutritional quality of mud crab, but also provide higher quality products for human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexi Wang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xin Cheng
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaoying Hu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Mónica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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39
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Garcia-Irigoyen O, Bovenga F, Piglionica M, Piccinin E, Cariello M, Arconzo M, Peres C, Corsetto PA, Rizzo AM, Ballanti M, Menghini R, Mingrone G, Lefebvre P, Staels B, Shirasawa T, Sabbà C, Villani G, Federici M, Moschetta A. Enterocyte superoxide dismutase 2 deletion drives obesity. iScience 2022; 25:103707. [PMID: 35036884 PMCID: PMC8753186 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence support an involvement of oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation as early events in the predisposition and development of obesity and its related comorbidities. Here, we show that deficiency of the major mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the gastrointestinal tract drives spontaneous obesity. Intestinal epithelium-specific Sod2 ablation in mice induced adiposity and inflammation via phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation and increased release of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid. Remarkably, this obese phenotype was rescued when fed an essential fatty acid-deficient diet, which abrogates de novo biosynthesis of arachidonic acid. Data from clinical samples revealed that the negative correlation between intestinal Sod2 mRNA levels and obesity features appears to be conserved between mice and humans. Collectively, our findings suggest a role of intestinal Sod2 levels, PLA2 activity, and arachidonic acid in obesity presenting new potential targets of therapeutic interest in the context of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Garcia-Irigoyen
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabiola Bovenga
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marilidia Piglionica
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Arconzo
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Peres
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Antonia Corsetto
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via D. Trentacoste 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Rizzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via D. Trentacoste 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Ballanti
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Takuji Shirasawa
- Department of Molecular Gerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Villani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale O. Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
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40
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Lu G, Yu X, Jiang W, Luo Q, Tong J, Fan S, Chai L, Gao D, Qiao T, Wang R, Deng C, Lv Z, Li D. Alterations of Gut Microbiome and Metabolite Profiles Associated With Anabatic Lipid Dysmetabolism in Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:893164. [PMID: 35721748 PMCID: PMC9204252 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.893164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the high morbidity of individuals with thyroid cancer (TC) is an increasing health care burden worldwide. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship among the gut microbiota community, metabolites, and the development of differentiated thyroid cancer. METHODS 16S rRNA gene sequencing and an integrated LC-MS-based metabolomics approach were performed to obtain the components and characteristics of fecal microbiota and metabolites from 50 patients with TC and 58 healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS The diversity and richness of the gut microbiota in the TC patients were markedly decreased. The composition of the gut microbiota was significantly altered, and the Bacteroides enterotype was the dominant enterotype in TC patients. Additionally, the diagnostic validity of the combined model (three genera and eight metabolites) and the metabolite model (six metabolites) were markedly higher than that of the microbial model (seven genera) for distinguishing TC patients from HCs. LEfSe analysis demonstrated that genera (g_Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, g_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group) and metabolites [27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), cholesterol] closely related to lipid metabolism were greatly reduced in the TC group. In addition, a clinical serum indicator (total cholesterol) and metabolites (27HC and cholesterol) had the strongest influence on the sample distribution. Furthermore, functional pathways related to steroid biosynthesis and lipid digestion were inhibited in the TC group. In the microbiota-metabolite network, 27HC was significantly related to metabolism-related microorganisms (g_Christensenellaceae_R-7_group). CONCLUSIONS Our research explored the characteristics of the gut microecology of patients with TC. The findings of this study will help to discover risk factors that affect the occurrence and development of TC in the intestinal microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganghua Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaqing Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Tong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suyun Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Qiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengwen Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Imaging Clinical Medical Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Li, ; Zhongwei Lv,
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Li, ; Zhongwei Lv,
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41
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Yan X, Li L, Liu P, Xu J, Wang Z, Ding L, Yang L. Targeted metabolomics profiles serum fatty acids by HFD induced non-alcoholic fatty liver in mice based on GC-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 211:114620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Li M, Zhu M, Chai W, Wang Y, Song Y, Liu B, Cai C, Song Y, Sun X, Xue P, Wang C. Determination of the Heterogeneity of Intramuscular Fat and Visceral Adipose Tissue From Dezhou Donkey by Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Profiling. Front Nutr 2021; 8:746684. [PMID: 34651009 PMCID: PMC8505748 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.746684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are both lipids, but have significantly different deposition processes. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of lipid molecular characteristics and mechanisms is unclear. Accordingly, this study used non-targeted lipidomics and transcriptomics to analyze the lipid profiles and metabolism of longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and VAT from donkeys. A total of 1,146 and 1,134 lipids belonging to 18 subclasses were identified in LDM and VAT, respectively, with LDM having higher glycerophospholipid (GP) and lower glycerolipid (GL) contents. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were distributed preferentially at the sn-1 positions in triglycerides (TGs), and sn-2 positions in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The percentage PUFA content in TGs was significantly lower in LDM than in VAT, while the opposite trend was observed for PUFAs in PC and PE. A total of 110 different lipid molecules (72 downregulated and 38 upregulated) were identified in LDM compared with VAT, of which 11 were considered potential lipid markers. These different lipids were involved in 17 metabolic pathways, including GL and GP metabolisms. Of the 578 differentially expressed genes screened, 311 were downregulated and 267 were upregulated in LDM compared with VAT. Enriched ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes mainly involved sphingolipid signaling pathways, and GP, GL, and sphingolipid metabolisms. Overall, lipidomics and transcriptomics indicated differences in lipid profiles and metabolism in LDM and VAT, providing new perspectives for the study of heterogeneity in IMF and VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wenqiong Chai
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yinghua Song
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Baoxiu Liu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changyun Cai
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yingzi Song
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xue Sun
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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43
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Shrestha N, Melvin SD, McKeating DR, Holland OJ, Cuffe JSM, Perkins AV, McAinch AJ, Hryciw DH. Sex-Specific Differences in Lysine, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Acetic Acid in Offspring Exposed to Maternal and Postnatal High Linoleic Acid Diet, Independent of Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10223. [PMID: 34638563 PMCID: PMC8508705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is required for foetal growth and development. Excess intake of LA can be detrimental for metabolic health due to its pro-inflammatory properties; however, the effect of a diet high in LA on offspring metabolites is unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of maternal or postnatal high linoleic acid (HLA) diet on plasma metabolites in adult offspring. METHODS Female Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were fed with either low LA (LLA) or HLA diet for 10 weeks prior to conception and during gestation/lactation. Offspring were weaned at postnatal day 25 (PN25), treated with either LLA or HLA diets and sacrificed at PN180. Metabolite analysis was performed in plasma samples using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. RESULTS Maternal and postnatal HLA diet did not alter plasma metabolites in male and female adult offspring. There was no specific clustering among different treatment groups as demonstrated by principal component analysis. Interestingly, there was clustering among male and female offspring independent of maternal and postnatal dietary intervention. Lysine was higher in female offspring, while 3-hydroxybutyric acid and acetic acid were significantly higher in male offspring. CONCLUSION In summary, maternal or postnatal HLA diet did not alter the plasma metabolites in the adult rat offspring; however, differences in metabolites between male and female offspring occurred independently of dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (D.R.M.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Steven D Melvin
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia;
| | - Daniel R. McKeating
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (D.R.M.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Olivia J. Holland
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (D.R.M.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - James S. M. Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4061, Australia;
| | - Anthony V. Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (D.R.M.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Andrew J. McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Deanne H. Hryciw
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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Chen KY, Lin SY, Lee CN, Wu HT, Kuo CH, Kuo HC, Chuang CC, Kuo CH, Chen SC, Fan KC, Lin MW, Fang CT, Li HY. Maternal Plasma Lipids During Pregnancy, Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, and Excess Fetal Growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3461-e3472. [PMID: 34021357 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal lipids during pregnancy and placental growth factors are associated with excess fetal growth. However, how these factors interact to increase the risk of delivering large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between maternal plasma triglycerides (TGs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) during pregnancy, cord blood insulin-like growth factors (IGF), and LGA. OBJECTIVE In a cell model, we studied the effect of different FAs on placental IGF-1 secretion. METHODS This cohort study included pregnant women with term pregnancy and without diabetes or hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Maternal fasting plasma TGs and FFAs were measured in the second trimester. Cord blood IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGF binding protein-1 and protein-3 were measured at the time of delivery. A human trophoblast cell line, 3A-sub-E, was used to evaluate the effect of different FFAs on placental IGF-1 secretion. RESULTS We recruited 598 pregnant women-neonate pairs. Maternal plasma TG (180 mg/dL [152.5-185.5 mg/dL] vs 166 mg/dL [133-206 mg/dL], P = .04) and cord blood IGF-1 concentrations (72.7 ± 23.0 vs 54.1 ± 22.8 ng/mL, P < .001) were higher in the LGA group and were significantly associated with birth weight z score. Maternal plasma free palmitic acid (PA) and stearic acid (SA), but not oleic acid (OA) or linoleic acid (LA), were significantly associated with cord blood IGF-1 concentrations. In 3A-sub-E cells, treatment with PA, SA, and LA, but not OA, induced IGF-1 expression and secretion. CONCLUSION Certain FFAs can induce placental IGF-1 secretion, which suggests a potential pathophysiology linking maternal plasma lipids and LGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, ANSN Clinic, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yu Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Nan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tsung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Kuo
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Heng Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chi Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai branch, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Chih Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Fang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Papotti B, Escolà-Gil JC, Julve J, Potì F, Zanotti I. Impact of Dietary Lipids on the Reverse Cholesterol Transport: What We Learned from Animal Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082643. [PMID: 34444804 PMCID: PMC8401548 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a physiological mechanism protecting cells from an excessive accumulation of cholesterol. When this process begins in vascular macrophages, it acquires antiatherogenic properties, as has been widely demonstrated in animal models. Dietary lipids, despite representing a fundamental source of energy and exerting multiple biological functions, may induce detrimental effects on cardiovascular health. In the present review we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of the most relevant classes of dietary lipids, such as fatty acids, sterols and liposoluble vitamins, with effects on different steps of RCT. We also provide a critical analysis of data obtained from experimental models which can serve as a valuable tool to clarify the effects of dietary lipids on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Papotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.E.-G.); (J.J.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.E.-G.); (J.J.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Potì
- Unità di Neuroscienze, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Via Volturno 39/F, 43125 Parma, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Zanotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521905040
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Zhang R, Yao Y, Tu L, Luan T, Chen B. Non-targeted metabolomics of multiple human cells revealing differential toxic effects of perfluorooctanoic acid. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:125017. [PMID: 33421881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.125017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Differences in toxic effects of contaminants among human cells are essential for evaluating their health risks to humans. In this study, non-targeted metabolomics of multiple human cell lines (A549 (lung), DLD-1 (intestine) and L-02 (liver) cells) was used to address the differential toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The number of differential metabolites (DMs) identified in the PFOA-treated A549 cells (67) was highest, followed by DLD-1 (12) and L-02 cells (10). The categorization of DMs was almost uniquely specific to each of cell lines. PFOA significantly promoted linoleic acid metabolism in L-02 cells whereas this metabolism was inhibited in the PFOA-treated A549 cells. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-13 were about 1.5 times higher in the PFOA-treated A549 and L-02 cells than in the controls. PFOA stimulated the biosynthesis of arginine and the metabolism of vitamin B6 in A549 cells. Arginine and vitamin B6 supplemented into cell culture effectively decreased the levels of IL-6 and IL-8. The inhibition of purine metabolism by PFOA resulted in the arrestation of DLD-1 cells at the G0/G1-phase. Our results suggest that the differential toxicity of PFOA related to exposure pathways could be elucidated by metabolic profiles specific to various human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Zhang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Sate Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lanyin Tu
- Sate Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Sate Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Baowei Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.
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Maternal diet high in linoleic acid alters offspring fatty acids and cardiovascular function in a rat model. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:540-553. [PMID: 33858529 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA), an essential n-6 fatty acid (FA), is critical for fetal development. We investigated the effects of maternal high LA (HLA) diet on offspring cardiac development and its relationship to circulating FA and cardiovascular function in adolescent offspring, and the ability of the postnatal diet to reverse any adverse effects. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed low LA (LLA; 1·44 % energy from LA) or high LA (HLA; 6·21 % energy from LA) diets for 10 weeks before pregnancy and during gestation/lactation. Offspring, weaned at postnatal day 25, were fed LLA or HLA diets and euthanised at postnatal day 40 (n 6-8). Maternal HLA diet decreased circulating total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in females and decreased total plasma n-3 FA in males, while maternal and postnatal HLA diets decreased total plasma n-3 FA in females. α-Linolenic acid (ALA) and EPA were decreased by postnatal but not maternal HLA diets in both sexes. Maternal and postnatal HLA diets increased total plasma n-6 and LA, and a maternal HLA diet increased circulating leptin, in both male and female offspring. Maternal HLA decreased slopes of systolic and diastolic pressure-volume relationship (PVR), and increased cardiac Col1a1, Col3a1, Atp2a1 and Notch1 in males. Maternal and postnatal HLA diets left-shifted the diastolic PVR in female offspring. Coronary reactivity was altered in females, with differential effects on flow repayment after occlusion. Thus, maternal HLA diets impact lipids, FA and cardiac function in offspring, with postnatal diet modifying FA and cardiac function in the female offspring.
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48
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Luna E, Freitas T, Campina F, Costa M, Rocha J, Cruz R, Sena Júnior D, Silveira Z, Macedo N, Pinheiro J, Pereira-Júnior F, Lisboa M, Cruz G, Calixto Júnior J, Teixeira A, Coutinho H. Evaluation of phytochemical composition, toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster and effects on antibiotics modulation of Plathymenia reticulata Benth extract. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:732-739. [PMID: 33868957 PMCID: PMC8042435 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance is interfering with the action of antibiotics for clinical use in treating pathologies. The search for new substances capable of combating this resistance is necessary. An alternative to the search for these substances is in the extract of medicinal plants. Plathymenia reticulata, plant of the Fabaceae family, is a common tree species from the Brazilian cerrado, and is commonly used in areas of environmental degradation. This species is rich in phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and tannins, compounds that are associated with various biological effects. A hydroethanolic extract from the bark of Plathymenia reticulata (HEPrB) was produced and then tests were carried out to verify the direct antibacterial activity, the modulatory effect of antibiotics for clinical use and their toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster flies. Through the analysis with UPLC, a wide variety of flavonoids contained in the HEPrB was observed. Direct antibacterial activity was observed for the standard strain of Staphylococcus aureus, however, the extract showed antagonistic activity or no significance in relation to the antibiotics tested in this study. As for toxicity, the HEPrB did not show significant damage in the proposed model. The results emphasize care when associating the consumption of teas with treatments with antibiotics for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.M. Luna
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Simulações e Espectroscopia Molecular - LASEMOL, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - T.S. Freitas
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Simulações e Espectroscopia Molecular - LASEMOL, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - F.F. Campina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - M.S. Costa
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J.E. Rocha
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R.P. Cruz
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - D.L. Sena Júnior
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Bioprospecção do Semiárido e Métodos Alternativos – LABSEMA, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Z.S. Silveira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Bioprospecção do Semiárido e Métodos Alternativos – LABSEMA, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - N.S. Macedo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Bioprospecção do Semiárido e Métodos Alternativos – LABSEMA, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J.C.A. Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Bioensaios - LABIO, Universidade Federal do Cariri - UFCA, Instituto de Formação de Educadores, Campus Brejo Santo, CE, Brazil
| | - F.N. Pereira-Júnior
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade – CCAB, Federal University of Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - M.A.N. Lisboa
- Laboratório de Estudos da Flora Regional do Cariri - LEFLORE/URCA, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - G.V. Cruz
- Laboratório de Estudos da Flora Regional do Cariri - LEFLORE/URCA, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J.T. Calixto Júnior
- Laboratório de Estudos da Flora Regional do Cariri - LEFLORE/URCA, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A.M.R. Teixeira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Simulações e Espectroscopia Molecular - LASEMOL, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - H.D.M. Coutinho
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
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Al-Shaer AE, Buddenbaum N, Shaikh SR. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, specialized pro-resolving mediators, and targeting inflammation resolution in the age of precision nutrition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158936. [PMID: 33794384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes toward the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including, but not limited to, obesity, autoimmunity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. The discovery of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which are critical for resolving inflammation, has commenced investigation into targeting pathways of inflammation resolution to improve physiological outcomes. SPMs are predominately synthesized from the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. Therefore, one viable strategy to promote inflammation resolution would be to increase dietary intake of EPA/DHA, which are deficient in select populations. However, there are inconsistencies between the use of EPA/DHA as dietary or pharmacological supplements and improved inflammatory status. Herein, we review the literature on the relationship between the high n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, downstream SPM biosynthesis, and inflammatory endpoints. We highlight key studies that have investigated how dietary intake of EPA/DHA increase tissue SPMs and their effects on inflammation. We also discuss the biochemical pathways by which EPA/DHA drive SPM biosynthesis and underscore mechanistic gaps in knowledge about these pathways which include a neglect for host genetics/ethnic differences in SPM metabolism, sexual dimorphism in SPM levels, and potential competition from select dietary n-6 PUFAs for enzymes of SPM synthesis. Altogether, establishing how dietary PUFAs control SPM biosynthesis in a genetic- and sex-dependent manner will drive new precision nutrition studies with EPA/DHA to prevent chronic inflammation in select populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar E Al-Shaer
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB# 7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicole Buddenbaum
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB# 7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB# 7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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50
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High-Intensity Interval Training and α-Linolenic Acid Supplementation Improve DHA Conversion and Increase the Abundance of Gut Mucosa-Associated Oscillospira Bacteria. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030788. [PMID: 33673609 PMCID: PMC7997329 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a major public health problem, is the consequence of an excess of body fat and biological alterations in the adipose tissue. Our aim was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and/or α-linolenic acid supplementation (to equilibrate the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio) might prevent obesity disorders, particularly by modulating the mucosa-associated microbiota. Wistar rats received a low fat diet (LFD; control) or high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to induce obesity. Then, animals in the HFD group were divided in four groups: HFD (control), HFD + linseed oil (LO), HFD + HIIT, HFD + HIIT + LO. In the HIIT groups, rats ran on a treadmill, 4 days.week-1. Erythrocyte n-3 PUFA content, body composition, inflammation, and intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota composition were assessed after 12 weeks. LO supplementation enhanced α-linolenic acid (ALA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) conversion in erythrocytes, and HIIT potentiated this conversion. Compared with HFD, HIIT limited weight gain, fat mass accumulation, and adipocyte size, whereas LO reduced systemic inflammation. HIIT had the main effect on gut microbiota β-diversity, but the HIIT + LO association significantly increased Oscillospira relative abundance. In our conditions, HIIT had a major effect on body fat mass, whereas HIIT + LO improved ALA conversion to DHA and increased the abundance of Oscillospira bacteria in the microbiota.
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