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Montero-López E, Peralta-Ramírez MI, Ortego-Centeno N, Sabio JM, Callejas-Rubio JL, Navarrete-Navarrete N, García-Ríos MC, Santos-Ruiz A. Does stress response axis activation differ between patients with autoimmune disease and healthy people? Stress Health 2024; 40:e3392. [PMID: 38454759 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that patients with autoimmune disease present a hypoactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, but the results are controversial. Our objective was to study differences in stress response axis activity between patients with autoimmune disease and healthy people. The study sample consisted of 97 women divided into four groups: 37 healthy women (HW), 21 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 21 with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and 18 with systemic sclerosis (SSc). After being exposed to a stress task, participants' skin conductance and salivary cortisol levels were measured in order to assess their response to psychological stress. Diurnal cortisol concentrations were assessed by measuring salivary cortisol in samples collected five times over one day. In addition, self-administered questionnaires were used to assess psychological variables. A time × group interaction effect was found (p = 0.003) in salivary cortisol secretion in response to stressful challenge. The healthy group presented normal activation, the SS and SLE groups showed no activation, and the SSc group presented a similar activation pattern to the HW group, except at the time of recovery. Total cortisol production (AUCg) was higher in the SSc group than in the HW group (p = 0.001). Differences were also observed in the cortisol AUCg collected over one day between healthy women and patients with SLE (p = 0.004) as well as with SSc (p = 0.001): women with SLE and SSc presented higher total hormone production than healthy women. Patients with autoimmune disease present a different HPA axis response, which may contribute to the harmful effects of stress in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Montero-López
- Department of Evolutionary Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Isabel Peralta-Ramírez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
| | - Norberto Ortego-Centeno
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, San Cecilio Clinical Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute (IBS), Granada, Spain
| | - José Mario Sabio
- Systemic Autoimmune Disease Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - José Luis Callejas-Rubio
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, San Cecilio Clinical Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute (IBS), Granada, Spain
| | - Nuria Navarrete-Navarrete
- Systemic Autoimmune Disease Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - M Carmen García-Ríos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Santos-Ruiz
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
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Lauten TH, Elkhatib SK, Natour T, Reed EC, Jojo CN, Case AJ. Beta-adrenergic signaling and T-lymphocyte-produced catecholamines are necessary for interleukin 17A synthesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597633. [PMID: 38895227 PMCID: PMC11185643 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychological disorder that also presents with neuroimmune irregularities. Patients display elevated sympathetic tone and are at an increased risk of developing secondary autoimmune diseases. Previously, using a preclinical model of PTSD, we demonstrated that elimination of sympathetic signaling to T-lymphocytes specifically limited their ability to produce pro-inflammatory interleukin 17A (IL-17A); a cytokine implicated in the development of many autoimmune disorders. However, the mechanism linking sympathetic signaling to T-lymphocyte IL-17A production remained unclear. Methods Using a modified version of repeated social defeat stress (RSDS) that allows for both males and females, we assessed the impact of adrenergic receptor blockade (genetically and pharmacologically) and catecholamine depletion on T-lymphocyte IL-17A generation. Additionally, we explored the impact of adrenergic signaling and T-lymphocyte-produced catecholamines on both CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes polarized to IL-17A-producing phenotypes ex vivo. Results Only pharmacological inhibition of the beta 1 and 2 adrenergic receptors (β1/2) significantly decreased circulating IL-17A levels after RSDS, but did not impact other pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10). This finding was confirmed using RSDS with both global β1/2 receptor knock-out mice, as well as by adoptively transferring β1/2 knock-out T-lymphocytes into immunodeficient hosts. Furthermore, ex vivo polarized T-lymphocytes produced significantly less IL-17A with the blockade of β1/2 signaling, even in the absence of exogenous sympathetic neurotransmitter supplementation, which suggested T-lymphocyte-produced catecholamines may be involved in IL-17A production. Indeed, pharmacological depletion of catecholamines both in vivo and ex vivo abrogated T-lymphocyte IL-17A production demonstrating the importance of immune-generated neurotransmission in pro-inflammatory cytokine generation. Conclusions Our data depict a novel role for β1/2 adrenergic receptors and autologous catecholamine signaling during T-lymphocyte IL-17A production. These findings provide a new target for pharmacological therapy in both psychiatric and autoimmune diseases associated with IL-17A-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatlock H. Lauten
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Safwan K. Elkhatib
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tamara Natour
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Emily C. Reed
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Caroline N. Jojo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Adam J. Case
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
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Kouba BR, de Araujo Borba L, Borges de Souza P, Gil-Mohapel J, Rodrigues ALS. Role of Inflammatory Mechanisms in Major Depressive Disorder: From Etiology to Potential Pharmacological Targets. Cells 2024; 13:423. [PMID: 38474387 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of central and peripheral inflammation in the pathogenesis and prognosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) has been demonstrated. The increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α) in individuals with depression may elicit neuroinflammatory processes and peripheral inflammation, mechanisms that, in turn, can contribute to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Together, neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis induce alterations in tryptophan metabolism, culminating in decreased serotonin synthesis, impairments in neuroplasticity-related mechanisms, and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. This review aims to highlight the inflammatory mechanisms (neuroinflammation, peripheral inflammation, and gut dysbiosis) involved in the pathophysiology of MDD and to explore novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches for this psychiatric disturbance. Several lines of evidence have indicated that in addition to antidepressants, physical exercise, probiotics, and nutraceuticals (agmatine, ascorbic acid, and vitamin D) possess anti-inflammatory effects that may contribute to their antidepressant properties. Further studies are necessary to explore the therapeutic benefits of these alternative therapies for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R Kouba
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Laura de Araujo Borba
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Pedro Borges de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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Petakh P, Oksenych V, Kamyshna I, Boisak I, Lyubomirskaya K, Kamyshnyi O. Exploring the complex interplay: gut microbiome, stress, and leptospirosis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1345684. [PMID: 38476949 PMCID: PMC10927737 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1345684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis, a re-emerging zoonotic disease, remains a significant global health concern, especially amid floods and disasters such as the Kakhovka Dam destruction. As is known, the stress that occurs in the conditions of military conflicts among civilian and military personnel significantly affects susceptibility to infectious diseases and possibly even influences their course. This review aims to explore how the gut microbiome and stress mediators (such as catecholamines and corticosteroids) might impact the leptospirosis disease course. The review opens new horizons for research by elucidating the connections between the gut microbiome, stress, and leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Petakh
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Iryna Kamyshna
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Boisak
- Department of Childhood Diseases, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Katerina Lyubomirskaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceuticals University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
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Gao X, Tang Y, Kong L, Fan Y, Wang C, Wang R. Treg cell: Critical role of regulatory T-cells in depression. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106893. [PMID: 37611836 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent disorder of the central nervous system. The neuropsychiatric symptoms of clinical depression are persistent and include fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, altered sleep patterns, hyperalgesia, melancholia, anxiety, and impaired social behaviours. Mounting evidences suggest that neuroinflammation triggers dysregulated cellular immunity and increases susceptibility to psychiatric diseases. Neuroimmune responses have transformed the clinical approach to depression because of their roles in its pathophysiology and their therapeutic potential. In particular, activated regulatory T (Treg) cells play an increasingly evident role in the inflammatory immune response. In this review, we summarized the available data and discussed in depth the fundamental roles of Tregs in the pathogenesis of depression, as well as the clinical therapeutic potential of Tregs. We aimed to provide recent information regarding the potential of Tregs as immune-modulating biologics for the treatment and prevention of long-term neuropsychiatric symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Mental Health Center, 26600 Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuru Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 26600 Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lingli Kong
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Mental Health Center, 26600 Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Mental Health Center, 26600 Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Mental Health Center, 26600 Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pain Management, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), 26600 Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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Corrigan M, O'Rourke A, Moran B, Fletcher J, Harkin A. Inflammation in the pathogenesis of depression: a disorder of neuroimmune origin. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220054. [PMID: 37457896 PMCID: PMC10345431 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several hypotheses concerning the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of major depression, which centre largely around adaptive changes in neuronal transmission and plasticity, neurogenesis, and circuit and regional connectivity. The immune and endocrine systems are commonly implicated in driving these changes. An intricate interaction of stress hormones, innate immune cells and the actions of soluble mediators of immunity within the nervous system is described as being associated with the symptoms of depression. Bridging endocrine and immune processes to neurotransmission and signalling within key cortical and limbic brain circuits are critical to understanding depression as a disorder of neuroimmune origins. Emergent areas of research include a growing recognition of the adaptive immune system, advances in neuroimaging techniques and mechanistic insights gained from transgenic animals. Elucidation of glial-neuronal interactions is providing additional avenues into promising areas of research, the development of clinically relevant disease models and the discovery of novel therapies. This narrative review focuses on molecular and cellular mechanisms that are influenced by inflammation and stress. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of our current understanding of depression as a disorder of neuroimmune origin, focusing on neuroendocrine and neuroimmune dysregulation in depression pathophysiology. Advances in current understanding lie in pursuit of relevant biomarkers, as the potential of biomarker signatures to improve clinical outcomes is yet to be fully realised. Further investigations to expand biomarker panels including integration with neuroimaging, utilising individual symptoms to stratify patients into more homogenous subpopulations and targeting the immune system for new treatment approaches will help to address current unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles Corrigan
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Transpharmation Ireland, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife M. O'Rourke
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biosciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barry Moran
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biosciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean M. Fletcher
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biosciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Harkin
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Moldenhauer LM, Jin M, Wilson JJ, Green ES, Sharkey DJ, Salkeld MD, Bristow TC, Hull ML, Dekker GA, Robertson SA. Regulatory T Cell Proportion and Phenotype Are Altered in Women Using Oral Contraception. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6628694. [PMID: 35786711 PMCID: PMC9354970 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a specialized CD4+ T cell subpopulation that are essential for immune homeostasis, immune tolerance, and protection against autoimmunity. There is evidence that sex-steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone modulate Treg cell abundance and phenotype in women. Since natural oscillations in these hormones are modified by hormonal contraceptives, we examined whether oral contraception (OC) use impacts Treg cells and related T cell populations. T cells were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry in peripheral blood collected across the menstrual cycle from healthy women either using OC or without hormonal contraception and from age-matched men. Compared to naturally cycling women, women using OC had fewer Treg cells and an altered Treg cell phenotype. Notably, Treg cells exhibiting a strongly suppressive phenotype, defined by high FOXP3, CD25, Helios, HLADR, CTLA4, and Ki67, comprised a lower proportion of total Treg cells, particularly in the early- and mid-cycle phases. The changes were moderate compared to more substantial differences in Treg cells between women and men, wherein women had fewer Treg cells-especially of the effector memory Treg cell subset-associated with more T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and CD8+ T cells and lower Treg:Th1 cell and Treg:CD8+ T cell ratios than men. These findings imply that OC can modulate the number and phenotype of peripheral blood Treg cells and raise the possibility that Treg cells contribute to the physiological changes and altered disease susceptibility linked with OC use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jasmine J Wilson
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ella S Green
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David J Sharkey
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark D Salkeld
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Thomas C Bristow
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M Louise Hull
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gustaaf A Dekker
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Division of Women’s Health, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Elizabeth Vale, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Correspondence: Sarah A. Robertson, PhD, Robinson Research Institute and the School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Rudzki S. Is PTSD an Evolutionary Survival Adaptation Initiated by Unrestrained Cytokine Signaling and Maintained by Epigenetic Change? Mil Med 2022; 188:usac095. [PMID: 35446412 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment outcomes for PTSD with current psychological therapies are poor, with very few patients achieving sustained symptom remission. A number of authors have identified physiological and immune disturbances in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients, but there is no unifying hypothesis that explains the myriad features of the disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical literature was reviewed over a 6-year period primarily using the medical database PUBMED. RESULTS The literature contains numerous papers that have identified a range of physiological and immune dysfunction in association with PTSD. This paper proposes that unrestrained cytokine signaling induces epigenetic changes that promote an evolutionary survival adaptation, which maintains a defensive PTSD phenotype. The brain can associate immune signaling with past threat and initiate a defensive behavioral response. The sympathetic nervous system is pro-inflammatory, while the parasympathetic nervous system is anti-inflammatory. Prolonged cholinergic withdrawal will promote a chronic inflammatory state. The innate immune cytokine IL-1β has pleiotropic properties and can regulate autonomic, glucocorticoid, and glutamate receptor functions, sleep, memory, and epigenetic enzymes. Changes in epigenetic enzyme activity can potentially alter phenotype and induce an adaptation. Levels of IL-1β correlate with severity and duration of PTSD and PTSD can be prevented by bolus administration of hydrocortisone in acute sepsis, consistent with unrestrained inflammation being a risk factor for PTSD. The nervous and immune systems engage in crosstalk, governed by common receptors. The benefits of currently used psychiatric medication may arise from immune, as well as synaptic, modulation. The psychedelic drugs (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), psilocybin, and ketamine) have potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects on the adaptive immune system, which may contribute to their reported benefit in PTSD. There may be distinct PTSD phenotypes induced by innate and adaptive cytokine signaling. CONCLUSION In order for an organism to survive, it must adapt to its environment. Cytokines signal danger to the brain and can induce epigenetic changes that result in a persistent defensive phenotype. PTSD may be the price individuals pay for the genomic flexibility that promotes adaptation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Rudzki
- Canberra Sports Medicine, Deakin, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
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The β1-Adrenergic Receptor Contributes to Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression Through Modulation of Regulatory T-Cell Inhibitory Function. Crit Care Med 2022; 50:e707-e718. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Huppert LA, Green MD, Kim L, Chow C, Leyfman Y, Daud AI, Lee JC. Tissue-specific Tregs in cancer metastasis: opportunities for precision immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:33-45. [PMID: 34417572 PMCID: PMC8752797 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of advancements in immuno-oncology have enabled the development of current immunotherapies, which provide long-term treatment responses in certain metastatic cancer patients. However, cures remain infrequent, and most patients ultimately succumb to treatment-refractory metastatic disease. Recent insights suggest that tumors at certain organ sites exhibit distinctive response patterns to immunotherapy and can even reduce antitumor immunity within anatomically distant tumors, suggesting the activation of tissue-specific immune tolerogenic mechanisms in some cases of therapy resistance. Specialized immune cells known as regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present within all tissues in the body and coordinate the suppression of excessive immune activation to curb autoimmunity and maintain immune homeostasis. Despite the high volume of research on Tregs, the findings have failed to reconcile tissue-specific Treg functions in organs, such as tolerance, tissue repair, and regeneration, with their suppression of local and systemic tumor immunity in the context of immunotherapy resistance. To improve the understanding of how the tissue-specific functions of Tregs impact cancer immunotherapy, we review the specialized role of Tregs in clinically common and challenging organ sites of cancer metastasis, highlight research that describes Treg impacts on tissue-specific and systemic immune regulation in the context of immunotherapy, and summarize ongoing work reporting clinically feasible strategies that combine the specific targeting of Tregs with systemic cancer immunotherapy. Improved knowledge of Tregs in the framework of their tissue-specific biology and clinical sites of organ metastasis will enable more precise targeting of immunotherapy and have profound implications for treating patients with metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Huppert
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Green
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luke Kim
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine Chow
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan Leyfman
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Adil I Daud
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James C Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Effects of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris YRC3780 daily intake on the HPA axis response to acute psychological stress in healthy Japanese men. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:574-580. [PMID: 34349248 PMCID: PMC8993685 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (YRC3780), which is isolated from kefir, has been associated with anti-allergic effects in humans. However, it remains unknown whether daily intake of YRC3780 attenuates the response to psychological stress in humans in parallel with changes to the gut microbiome. We examined the fundamental role of YRC3780 in the gut microbiome, stress response, sleep, and mental health in humans. METHODS Effects of daily intake of YRC3780 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to acute psychological stress were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 27 healthy young men (mean age and body mass index: 23.5 years and 21.5 kg/m2) who were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 13) or YRC3780 (n = 14) groups. The HPA axis response to acute psychological stress, the diurnal rhythm of HPA axis activity, and gut microbiome were assessed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS The results showed that daily intake of YRC3780 significantly lowered morning salivary cortisol levels compared with placebo. In addition, salivary cortisol levels following a social stress test significantly decreased +40 min after beginning the TSST in the YRC3780-treated group compared to placebo. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of actigraphy-based sleep quality, but the subjective sleep quality and mental health were significantly improved in the YRC3780-treated group compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that daily intake of YRC3780 improves the HPA axis response to acute psychological stress, which might be associated with a decrease in morning cortisol levels.
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12
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Osborne LM, Gilden J, Kamperman AM, Hoogendijk WJ, Spicer J, Drexhage HA, Bergink V. T-cell defects and postpartum depression. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:397-403. [PMID: 31926288 PMCID: PMC7316619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies of immune dysregulation in perinatal mood and anxiety disorders have focused on peripheral cytokines, but literature from non-perinatal mood disorders also implicates T-cell defects. We sought to characterize proportions of T-cell subtypes in women with postpartum depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 21 women with postpartum depression (PPD), 39 healthy postpartum controls, and 114 healthy non-postpartum women. Blood was collected in sodium-heparin EDTA tubes and was analyzed using flow cytometry. We conducted statistical tests including linear regression analysis that were aimed at determining differences in proportions of T cell populations among groups. RESULTS Mean counts of T-cells (all CD3+ T cells), T-helper cells, (CD3+CD4+ T cells), and T-cytotoxic cells (CD3+CD8+ T cells) were significantly increased in healthy postpartum women compared to healthy non-postpartum controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.007, and p = 0.002, respectively), but not in women with PPD. The increases in healthy postpartum women were driven by increases in TH1 cells and T regulatory cells, increases that were nonexistent or attenuated in women with postpartum depression. Mean counts of CD4+ T-helper memory cells were also increased in healthy postpartum women (p = 0.009), but slightly decreased in women with PPD (p = 0.066), when compared to healthy non-postpartum controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that the postpartum period in healthy women is a time of enhanced T cell activity. Women with postpartum depression failed to show physiological enhanced T-cell activity postpartum, and future research is needed to elucidate etiological mechanisms and consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Osborne
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding author: Lauren M. Osborne, MD, Women’s Mood Disorders Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 305, Baltimore, MD 21205, 410-955-9986 (phone),
| | - Janneke Gilden
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid M Kamperman
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Julie Spicer
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai
| | - Hemmo A. Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Veerle Bergink
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai
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13
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Mello ADA, Geihs MA, Nogueira TDS, Allodi S, Vargas MA, de Barros CM. Oxidative stress: Noradrenaline as an integrator of responses in the neuroendocrine and immune systems of the ascidian Phallusia nigra. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:103573. [PMID: 31918205 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters play key roles in regulating the homeostasis of organisms in stressful environments. Noradrenaline (NA) is the main neurotransmitter known to modulate immunological parameters, and is important in the crosstalk between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. In this study, using the ascidian Phallusia nigra, we analyzed the level of catecholamines (CA) in the plasma after mechanical stress, and the effect of NA on the oxidative stress (OS) displayed by immune cells. We measured the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and analyzed whether α- and/or β-adrenoreceptors (ARs) are involved in ROS modulation, lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP), and activity of the enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione S transferase (GST) in immune cells after incubation with different concentrations of NA, with or without zymosan (ZnA) challenge. The results showed that NA reduced ROS production, even in immune cells challenged with ZnA, and that this modulation occurred through α1-and β1-ARs. ACAP levels showed different responses, depending on whether immune cells were challenged or not with ZnA, and also depending on the NA concentration: 1.0 μM NA increased ACAP levels, but 10.0 μM reduced ACAP levels. NA enhanced the activity of CAT and GST in ZnA-challenged and non-challenged immune cells, while 1.0 and 10.0 μM NA effectively reduced LPO. Taken together, these results show that NA can protect cells from ROS damage, decreasing ROS production and LPO, and enhancing ACAP as well as the activity of CAT and GST. The approach used here with this model contributes to understanding the relationship between the neuroendocrine and immune systems, revealing new effects of NA on OS regulation in ascidians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa de Abreu Mello
- Laboratório Integrado de Biociências Translacionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. São José Barreto, 764, Macaé, RJ, 27965-045, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparativa e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373 Bloco G2-001, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ, Av. Aluizio da Silva Gomes, 50, Macaé, RJ, 27930-560, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biofísica), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373 Bloco G1-003, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Márcio Alberto Geihs
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Thuany da Silva Nogueira
- Laboratório Integrado de Biociências Translacionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. São José Barreto, 764, Macaé, RJ, 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Silvana Allodi
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparativa e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373 Bloco G2-001, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biofísica), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373 Bloco G1-003, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Cintia Monteiro de Barros
- Laboratório Integrado de Biociências Translacionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. São José Barreto, 764, Macaé, RJ, 27965-045, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ, Av. Aluizio da Silva Gomes, 50, Macaé, RJ, 27930-560, Brazil.
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14
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Abouee-Mehrizi A, Rasoulzadeh Y, Kazemi T, Mesgari-Abbasi M. Inflammatory and immunological changes caused by noise exposure: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2020; 38:61-90. [PMID: 32397946 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1715713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Today, due to the growth of industries and spread of the use of various instruments and devices that produce high noise levels, it is necessary to pay more attention to the effects of exposure to noise on organs and tissues in the body. The importance of the immune system in fighting external and pathogenic factors has raised the need to consider external factors (such as harmful physical factors) and make efforts to avoid producing them. In this systematic review, 811 potentially relevant studies were found in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, of which 32 different English-written articles were included in the study. The method of searching and systematically reviewing articles was based on the assessment tool of the multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR) method. The results of this study suggested that noise could affect the function of the immune system and its components by affecting other systems and organs of the body, including the central nervous system, auditory system, circulatory system, and endocrine gland. Moreover, it can be hypothesized that noise affects immune system by producing the NADPH oxidase (Nox) and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Abouee-Mehrizi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yahya Rasoulzadeh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehran Mesgari-Abbasi
- Drug Applied Research Center (DARC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Elkhatib SK, Case AJ. Autonomic regulation of T-lymphocytes: Implications in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104293. [PMID: 31176794 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems both serve as essential assessors and regulators of physiological function. Recently, there has been a great interest in how the nervous and immune systems interact to modulate both physiological and pathological states. In particular, the autonomic nervous system has a direct line of communication with immune cells anatomically, and moreover, immune cells possess receptors for autonomic neurotransmitters. This circumstantial evidence is suggestive of a functional interplay between the two systems, and extensive research over the past few decades has demonstrated neurotransmitters such as the catecholamines (i.e. dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) and acetylcholine have potent immunomodulating properties. Furthermore, immune cells, particularly T-lymphocytes, have now been found to express the cellular machinery for both the synthesis and degradation of neurotransmitters, which suggests the ability for both autocrine and paracrine signaling from these cells independent of the nervous system. The details underlying the functional interplay of this complex network of neuroimmune communication are still unclear, but this crosstalk is suggestive of significant implications on the pathogenesis of a number of autonomic-dysregulated and inflammation-mediated diseases. In particular, it is widely accepted that numerous forms of cardiovascular diseases possess imbalanced autonomic tone as well as altered T-lymphocyte function, but a paucity of literature exists discussing the direct role of neurotransmitters in shaping the inflammatory microenvironment during the progression or therapeutic management of these diseases. This review seeks to provide a fundamental framework for this autonomic neuroimmune interaction within T-lymphocytes, as well as the implications this may have in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwan K Elkhatib
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Adam J Case
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
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16
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Xu W, Wu Y, Wang L, Bai Y, Du Y, Li Y, Cao N, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu H. Autoantibody against β 1-adrenoceptor promotes the differentiation of natural regulatory T cells from activated CD4 + T cells by up-regulating AMPK-mediated fatty acid oxidation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:158. [PMID: 30770790 PMCID: PMC6377640 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic adoptive transfer of natural regulatory T cells (nTreg, CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells) or in vivo selective expansion of nTreg cells has been demonstrated to improve the cardiac function in various cardiovascular disease models. The differentiation of nTreg cells is mediated by catecholamines via β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) activation. Autoantibody against β1-adrenoceptor (β1-AA) as a β1-AR agonist is closely associated with the occurrence and deterioration of cardiac dysfunction. However, whether β1-AA has any impact on nTreg cells has not been reported. The aim of the present study was intended to assess the potential impact of β1-AA on nTreg cell differentiation and explore the underlying mechanism. It was found that the expression of multiple proteins involved in nTreg cell differentiation, immunosuppressive function, and migration was up-regulated in mice after β1-AA administration, suggesting that β1-AA may promote nTreg cell activation. In vitro, β1-AA promoted nTreg cell differentiation by up-regulating mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in activated CD4+ T cells via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and mitochondrial membrane potential reduction. In addition, the AMPK agonist facilitated β1-AA-mediated FAO and nTreg cell differentiation. To further confirm the role of AMPK in β1-AA-mediated nTreg cell differentiation, β1-AA was acted on the CD4+ T cells isolated from AMPK-deficient (AMPK−/−) mice. The result showed that the effect of β1-AA on nTreg cell differentiation was attenuated markedly after AMPK knockout. In conclusion, AMPK-mediated metabolic regulation targeting for nTreg cell restoration may be a promising therapeutic target for β1-AA-positive patients with cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhui Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Cao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, 100069, Beijing, China.
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17
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Ouchi R, Kawano T, Yoshida H, Ishii M, Miyasaka T, Ohkawara Y, Takayanagi M, Takahashi T, Ohno I. Maternal Separation as Early-Life Stress Causes Enhanced Allergic Airway Responses by Inhibiting Respiratory Tolerance in Mice. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2018; 246:155-165. [PMID: 30405003 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.246.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies indicate that exposure to psychosocial stress in early childhood is a risk factor of adult-onset asthma, but the mechanisms of this relationship are poorly understood. Therefore, we examined whether early-life stress increases susceptibility to adult-onset asthma by inhibiting the development of respiratory tolerance. Neonatal BALB/c female mice were aerosolized with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce immune tolerance prior to immune sensitization with an intraperitoneal injection of OVA and the adjuvant aluminum hydroxide. Maternal separation (MS) was applied as an early-life stressor during the induction phase of immune tolerance. The mice were challenged with OVA aerosol in adulthood, and allergic airway responses were evaluated, including airway hyper-responsiveness to inhaled methacholine, inflammatory cell infiltration, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and serum OVA-specific IgE. We then evaluated the effects of MS on the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells in bronchial lymph nodes (BLN) and on splenocyte proliferation and cytokine expression. In mice that underwent MS and OVA tolerization, the allergic airway responses and OVA-induced proliferation and IL-4 expression of splenocytes were significantly enhanced. Furthermore, exposure to MS was associated with a lower number of Treg cells in the BLN. These findings suggest that exposure to early-life stress prevents the acquisition of respiratory tolerance to inhaled antigen due to insufficient Treg cell development, resulting in Th2-biased sensitization and asthma onset. We provide the evidence for inhibitory effects of early-life stress on immune tolerance. The present findings may help to clarify the pathogenesis of adult-onset asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Ouchi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tasuku Kawano
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hitomi Yoshida
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masato Ishii
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yuichi Ohkawara
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Motoaki Takayanagi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Isao Ohno
- Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
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18
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In vitro proinflammatory gene expression predicts in vivo telomere shortening: A preliminary study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 96:179-187. [PMID: 29980010 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chronic psychological stress of caregiving leads to higher risks for many diseases. One of the mechanisms through which caregiving is associated with disease risk is chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation may accelerate cellular aging via telomere dysfunction and cell senescence, although this has not been examined in human cells from healthy people. We examined peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 20 healthy mothers of children with autism (caregivers) and 19 mothers of neurotypical children (controls) in an in vitro culture system where PBMCs were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). We measured RNA expression levels of a panel of immune function genes before and after PHA stimulation, as well as telomere length from PBMCs collected from the participants at baseline and 15 months later. Caregivers and controls had similar gene expression profiles in unstimulated PBMCs, but after PHA stimulation, caregivers had increased RNA levels of the master inflammatory regulator NF-κB and its proinflammatory cytokine targets IL-1β, IL-6 and its receptor IL-6R as well as inflammatory chemokines IL-8, CXCL1 and CXCL2. Gene expression analysis suggested caregivers have increased Treg and Th17 T cell differentiation. Additionally, key signaling molecules involved in the upregulation of COX-2, a critical enzyme in the synthesis of the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin, were elevated. When both groups were examined together, higher expression levels of proinflammatory genes were associated with shorter telomere length in PBMCs from blood drawn 15 months later, independent of baseline telomere length. Taken together, these results suggest that chronic stress is associated with an exaggerated inflammatory response in PBMCs, which in turn is associated with shorter telomere length measured from PBMCs collected 15 months later. To our knowledge, this is the first human study that shows increased proinflammatory expression predicts future telomere shortening.
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19
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Kawano T, Ouchi R, Ishigaki T, Masuda C, Miyasaka T, Ohkawara Y, Ohta N, Takayanagi M, Takahashi T, Ohno I. Increased Susceptibility to Allergic Asthma with the Impairment of Respiratory Tolerance Caused by Psychological Stress. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 177:1-15. [PMID: 29874662 DOI: 10.1159/000488289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial asthma is characterized by type 2 T helper (Th2) cell inflammation, essentially due to a breakdown of immune tolerance to harmless environmental allergens. Etiologically, experiences of psychological stress can be associated with a heightened prevalence of asthma. However, the mechanisms underlying stress-related asthma development are unclear. In this study, we examined whether psychological stress increases susceptibility to allergic asthma by downregulating immune tolerance. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin/alum, followed by ovalbumin inhalation. Ovalbumin inhalation induced immune tolerance before sensitization occurred. Some mice were exposed to restraint stress during tolerance induction or sensitization. Asthma development was evaluated by airway responsiveness, inflammation, cytokine expression, and IgE synthesis. Sensitization was evaluated by measuring proliferation and cytokine production by splenocytes. The effects of stress exposure on the numbers and functions of dendritic cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells in bronchial lymph nodes and spleens were evaluated. To investigate the role of endogenous glucocorticoid in inhibiting immune tolerance after stress exposure, we examined the effects of (i) a glucocorticoid-receptor antagonist administered prior to stress exposure, and (ii) exogenous gluco-corticoid (instead of stress exposure). RESULTS Asthmatic responses and Th2-biased sensitization, which were suppressed in tolerized mice, re-emerged in tolerized mice stressed during tolerance induction in association with decreased tolerogenic dendritic and Treg cell numbers. The effects of stress exposure on tolerized mice were abolished by administering a glucocorticoid-receptor antagonist and reproduced by administering exogenous glucocorticoid without stress. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that psychological stress can potentially increase allergic asthma susceptibility by inhibiting immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kawano
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Ouchi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishigaki
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chiaki Masuda
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ohkawara
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ohta
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoaki Takayanagi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Isao Ohno
- Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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20
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Poletti S, Aggio V, Brioschi S, Bollettini I, Falini A, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Impact of early and recent stress on white matter microstructure in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:289-297. [PMID: 28843078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a worldwide-spread pathology, characterized by lifetime-recurrent episodes. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) increase the lifetime risk of developing depression and affect the structure of the brain. Recent stressful events (RSE) can trigger the onset of depressive episodes, and affect grey matter volume. The aim of our study is to analyse the effect of both early and recent stress events on white matter microstructure in MDD patients and healthy volunteers. METHODS Sixty-five MDD inpatients and fifty-nine healthy controls underwent MRI acquisition of diffusion tensor images with a 3.0T scanner. Severity of ACE and RSE was rated, respectively, on the Risky Families Questionnaire and on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. RESULTS A significant effect of diagnosis was observed, with MDD subjects showing reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD) compared to healthy controls in all the major association, projection and commissural tracts. In patients with MDD, but not in healthy controls, both ACE and RSE correlated with measures of WM microstructure: ACE correlated negatively with AD and MD, whereas RSE correlated negatively with FA. LIMITATIONS The two diagnostic groups differed for age and education, previous and current medications, and treatment periods. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to both early and recent stress exerts a widespread effect on WM microstructure of MDD patients, with a different impact possibly depending from the developmental period in which the stress has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Poletti
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Veronica Aggio
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Brioschi
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Bollettini
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; PhD Program in Philosophy and Sciences of Mind, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Neuroradiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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21
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Miyasaka T, Dobashi-Okuyama K, Takahashi T, Takayanagi M, Ohno I. The interplay between neuroendocrine activity and psychological stress-induced exacerbation of allergic asthma. Allergol Int 2018; 67:32-42. [PMID: 28539203 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is recognized as a key factor in the exacerbation of allergic asthma, whereby brain responses to stress act as immunomodulators for asthma. In particular, stress-induced enhanced type 2 T-helper (Th2)-type lung inflammation is strongly associated with asthma pathogenesis. Psychological stress leads to eosinophilic airway inflammation through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway and autonomic nervous system. This is followed by the secretion of stress hormones into the blood, including glucocorticoids, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, which enhance Th2 and type 17 T-helper (Th17)-type asthma profiles in humans and rodents. Recent evidence has shown that a defect of the μ-opioid receptor in the brain along with a defect of the peripheral glucocorticoid receptor signaling completely disrupted stress-induced airway inflammation in mice. This suggests that the stress response facilitates events in the central nervous and endocrine systems, thus exacerbating asthma. In this review, we outline the recent findings on the interplay between stress and neuroendocrine activities followed by stress-induced enhanced Th2 and Th17 immune responses and attenuated regulatory T (Treg) cell responses that are closely linked with asthma exacerbation. We will place a special focus on our own data that has emphasized the continuity from central sensing of psychological stress to enhanced eosinophilic airway inflammation. The mechanism that modulates psychological stress-induced exacerbation of allergic asthma through neuroendocrine activities is thought to involve a series of consecutive pathological events from the brain to the lung, which implies there to be a "neuropsychiatry phenotype" in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaori Dobashi-Okuyama
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoaki Takayanagi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Isao Ohno
- Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inadequate immunoregulation and elevated inflammation may be risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and microbial inputs are important determinants of immunoregulation; however, the association between the gut microbiota and PTSD is unknown. This study investigated the gut microbiome in a South African sample of PTSD-affected individuals and trauma-exposed (TE) controls to identify potential differences in microbial diversity or microbial community structure. METHODS The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 was used to diagnose PTSD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria. Microbial DNA was extracted from stool samples obtained from 18 individuals with PTSD and 12 TE control participants. Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3/V4 amplicons were generated and sequenced. Microbial community structure, α-diversity, and β-diversity were analyzed; random forest analysis was used to identify associations between bacterial taxa and PTSD. RESULTS There were no differences between PTSD and TE control groups in α- or β-diversity measures (e.g., α-diversity: Shannon index, t = 0.386, p = .70; β-diversity, on the basis of analysis of similarities: Bray-Curtis test statistic = -0.033, p = .70); however, random forest analysis highlighted three phyla as important to distinguish PTSD status: Actinobacteria, Lentisphaerae, and Verrucomicrobia. Decreased total abundance of these taxa was associated with higher Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores (r = -0.387, p = .035). CONCLUSIONS In this exploratory study, measures of overall microbial diversity were similar among individuals with PTSD and TE controls; however, decreased total abundance of Actinobacteria, Lentisphaerae, and Verrucomicrobia was associated with PTSD status.
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Neuropsychiatry phenotype in asthma: Psychological stress-induced alterations of the neuroendocrine-immune system in allergic airway inflammation. Allergol Int 2017; 66S:S2-S8. [PMID: 28669635 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the recognition of asthma as a syndrome with complex pathophysiological signs and symptoms, recent research has sought to classify asthma phenotypes based on its clinical and molecular pathological features. Psychological stress was first recognized as a potential immune system modulator of asthma at the end of the 19th century. The activation of the central nervous system (CNS) upon exposure to psychological stress is integral for the initiation of signal transduction processes. The stress hormones, including glucocorticoids, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, which are secreted following CNS activation, are involved in the immunological alterations involved in psychological stress-induced asthma exacerbation. The mechanisms underlying this process may involve a pathological series of events from the brain to the lungs, which is attracting attention as a conceptually advanced phenotype in asthma pathogenesis. This review presents insights into the critical role of psychological stress in the development and exacerbation of allergic asthma, with a special focus on our own data that emphasizes on the continuity from the central sensing of psychological stress to enhanced eosinophilic airway inflammation.
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Lymphocyte subsets are influenced by positivity levels in healthy subjects before and after mild acute stress. Immunol Lett 2017; 188:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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T-cell involvement in sex differences in blood pressure control. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:773-83. [PMID: 27128802 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects one-third of adults in the Western world and is the most common independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the leading cause of premature death globally. Despite available therapeutic options, approximately half of the hypertensive population taking medication does not achieve adequate blood pressure (BP) control leaving them at increased risk of chronic kidney disease, renal failure, stroke, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, aneurysm and peripheral artery disease. New therapeutic options need to be identified for the treatment of hypertension in order to increase the percentage of individuals with controlled BP. There is a growing basic science literature regarding the role of T-cells in the pathogenesis of hypertension and BP control; however, the majority of this literature has been performed exclusively in males despite the fact that both men and women develop hypertension. This is especially problematic since hypertension is well recognized as having distinct sex differences in the prevalence, absolute BP values and molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathophysiology of the disease. The purpose of this article is to review the available literature regarding sex differences in T-cells in hypertension followed by highlighting the potential pathways that may result in sex-specific effects on T-cell activation and differentiation.
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Bacou E, Haurogné K, Mignot G, Allard M, De Beaurepaire L, Marchand J, Terenina E, Billon Y, Jacques J, Bach JM, Mormède P, Hervé J, Lieubeau B. Acute social stress-induced immunomodulation in pigs high and low responders to ACTH. Physiol Behav 2016; 169:1-8. [PMID: 27867043 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pig husbandry is known as an intensive breeding system, piglets being submitted to multiple stressful events such as early weaning, successive mixing, crowding and shipping. These stressors are thought to impair immune defences and might contribute, at least partly, to the prophylactic use of antibiotics. Robustness was recently defined as the ability of an individual to express a high-production potential in a wide variety of environmental conditions. Increasing robustness thus appears as a valuable option to improve resilience to stressors and could be obtained by selecting piglets upon their adrenocortical activity. In this study, we aimed at depicting the consequences of an acute social stress on the immune capacity of piglets genetically selected upon divergent hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity. For this purpose, we monitored neuroendocrine and immune parameters, in high- (HPAhi) and low- (HPAlo) responders to ACTH, just before and immediately after a one-hour mixing with unfamiliar conspecifics. As expected, stressed piglets displayed higher levels of circulating cortisol and norepinephrine. Blood cell count analysis combined to flow cytometry revealed a stress-induced leukocyte mobilization in the bloodstream with a specific recruitment of CD8α+ lymphocytes. Besides, one-hour mixing decreased LPS-induced IL-8 and TNFα secretions in whole-blood assays (WBA) and reduced mononuclear cell phagocytosis. Altogether, our data demonstrate that acute social stress alters immune competence of piglets from both groups, and bring new insights in favour of good farming practices. While for most parameters high- and low-responders to ACTH behaved similarly, HPAhi piglets displayed higher number of CD4+ CD8α- T cells, as well as increased cytokine production in WBA (LPS-induced TNFα and PIL-induced IL-8), which could confer them increased resistance to pathogens. Finally, a principal component analysis including all parameters highlighted that overall stress effects were less pronounced on piglets with a strong HPA axis. Thus, selection upon adrenocortical axis activity seems to reduce the magnitude of response to stress and appears as a good tool to increase piglet robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Bacou
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Karine Haurogné
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Grégoire Mignot
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Marie Allard
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Laurence De Beaurepaire
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Jordan Marchand
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Elena Terenina
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yvon Billon
- GenESI, INRA, Le Magneraud, F-17700 Saint-Pierre-d'Amilly, France
| | | | - Jean-Marie Bach
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Pierre Mormède
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julie Hervé
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - Blandine Lieubeau
- IECM, INRA, Oniris, Université de Nantes, LUNAM, La Chantrerie, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
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Diamanti AP, Manuela Rosado M, Laganà B, D’Amelio R. Microbiota and chronic inflammatory arthritis: an interwoven link. J Transl Med 2016; 14:233. [PMID: 27492386 PMCID: PMC4973033 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only recently, the scientific community gained insights on the importance of the intestinal resident flora for the host's health and disease. Gut microbiota in fact plays a crucial role in modulating innate and acquired immune responses and thus interferes with the fragile balance inflammation versus tolerance. MAIN BODY Correlations between gut bacteria composition and the severity of inflammation have been studied in inflammatory bowel diseases. More recently similar alterations in the gut microbiota have been reported in patients with spondyloarthritis, whereas in rheumatoid arthritis an accumulating body of evidence evokes a pathogenic role for the altered oral microbiota in disease development and course. In the context of dysbiosis it is also important to remember that different environmental factors like stress, smoke and dietary components can induce strong bacterial changes and consequent exposure of the intestinal epithelium to a variety of different metabolites, many of which have an unknown function. In this perspective, and in complex disorders like autoimmune diseases, not only the genetic makeup, sex and immunologic context of the individual but also the structure of his microbial community should be taken into account. CONCLUSIONS Here we provide a review of the role of the microbiota in the onset, severity and progression of chronic inflammatory arthritis as well as its impact on the therapeutic management of these patients. Furthermore we point-out the complex interwoven link between gut-joint-brain and immune system by reviewing the most recent data on the literature on the importance of environmental factors such as diet, smoke and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Picchianti Diamanti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, II School of Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, S. Andrea University Hospital, “Sapienza” University, Via di Grottarossa 1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Laganà
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, II School of Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele D’Amelio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, II School of Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Immunization with a heat-killed preparation of the environmental bacterium Mycobacterium vaccae promotes stress resilience in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E3130-9. [PMID: 27185913 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600324113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory diseases is increasing in modern urban societies. Inflammation increases risk of stress-related pathology; consequently, immunoregulatory or antiinflammatory approaches may protect against negative stress-related outcomes. We show that stress disrupts the homeostatic relationship between the microbiota and the host, resulting in exaggerated inflammation. Repeated immunization with a heat-killed preparation of Mycobacterium vaccae, an immunoregulatory environmental microorganism, reduced subordinate, flight, and avoiding behavioral responses to a dominant aggressor in a murine model of chronic psychosocial stress when tested 1-2 wk following the final immunization. Furthermore, immunization with M. vaccae prevented stress-induced spontaneous colitis and, in stressed mice, induced anxiolytic or fear-reducing effects as measured on the elevated plus-maze, despite stress-induced gut microbiota changes characteristic of gut infection and colitis. Immunization with M. vaccae also prevented stress-induced aggravation of colitis in a model of inflammatory bowel disease. Depletion of regulatory T cells negated protective effects of immunization with M. vaccae on stress-induced colitis and anxiety-like or fear behaviors. These data provide a framework for developing microbiome- and immunoregulation-based strategies for prevention of stress-related pathologies.
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Grosse L, Carvalho LA, Birkenhager TK, Hoogendijk WJ, Kushner SA, Drexhage HA, Bergink V. Circulating cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells as potential predictors for antidepressant response in melancholic depression. Restoration of T regulatory cell populations after antidepressant therapy. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1679-88. [PMID: 25953327 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is a substantial unmet need for biomarkers to predict treatment response in major depressive disorder (MDD). Evidence has converged on activation of the inflammatory response system as a fundamental mechanism underlying MDD. OBJECTIVES By investigating circulating leukocyte subsets quantified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis before treatment, we aim to predict antidepressant response. METHODS Forty medication-free inpatients with melancholic, non-psychotic depression before treatment with either venlafaxine or imipramine and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included. Leukocyte subsets were quantified by FACS analysis using frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected prior to and after 7 weeks of treatment with either venlafaxine (375 mg/day) or imipramine (blood level 200-300 ng/ml). Response was defined as at least 50 % reduction of the baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) score. RESULTS Prior to treatment, MDD patients showed reduced percentages of CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) T regulatory (Treg) cells when compared with controls (1.5 ± 0.6 vs. 1.8 ± 0.6, p = .037). After treatment, robust rises in Treg cells were observed in patients (1.8 ± 0.7, p < .001), yet Treg cells were not predictors of the clinical outcome of treatment. Antidepressant non-responders showed increased CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell percentages (24.0 ± 8.6 vs. 15.9 ± 5.9, p = .004) and decreased natural killer (NK) cell percentages (14.0 ± 6.9 vs. 21.4 ± 11.9, p = .020) compared with responders before treatment. Both lymphocyte levels were not significantly modulated by treatment. CONCLUSION In melancholic MDD, FACS analysis of circulating leukocyte subpopulations might help to discriminate between patients with high or low responsiveness to antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grosse
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wijtemaweg 80, 3015CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Livia A Carvalho
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom K Birkenhager
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Witte J Hoogendijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hemmo A Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wijtemaweg 80, 3015CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Bergink
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhou L, Li Y, Li X, Chen G, Liang H, Wu Y, Tong J, Ouyang W. Propranolol Attenuates Surgical Stress-Induced Elevation of the Regulatory T Cell Response in Patients Undergoing Radical Mastectomy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3460-9. [PMID: 26969754 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Surgical stress and inflammatory response induce the release of catecholamines and PGs, which may be key factors in facilitating cancer recurrence through immunosuppression. Animal studies have suggested the efficacy of perioperative blockades of catecholamines and PGs in reducing immunosuppression. In this study, to our knowledge, we present the first report of the effects of perioperative propranolol and/or parecoxib on peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs) in breast cancer patients. Patients were randomly assigned to control, propranolol, parecoxib, and propranolol plus parecoxib groups. We demonstrated that levels of circulating epinephrine, norepinephrine, and PGE2increased in response to surgery. Meanwhile, peripheral FOXP3 mRNA level and Treg frequencies were elevated on postoperative day 7. Propranolol administration, rather than parecoxib, attenuated such elevation of Tregs, indicating the critical roles for catecholamines in surgery-induced promotion of Tregs. Besides, propranolol plus parecoxib treatment demonstrated no additive or synergistic effects. Furthermore, a study of Treg activity on CD4(+)T cell responses to specific tumor Ags was performed in the control and propranolol groups. Propranolol abrogated the increased Treg activity and accompanying suppression of CD4(+)T cell responses after surgery. Finally, we conducted ex vivo experiments on the effects of varying concentrations of epinephrine and/or propranolol on Treg proliferation over PBMCs from breast cancer patients, to provide further direct evidence strengthening our clinical observations. Epinephrine markedly promoted Treg proliferation, whereas propranolol prevented such enhancement effect. In conclusion, our study highlights beneficial roles for propranolol in inhibiting Treg responses in vivo and in vitro, and demonstrates that propranolol could alleviate surgical stress-induced elevation of Tregs in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yunli Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Huiying Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuhui Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China;
| | - Jianbin Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Medical Central Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China;
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Seniors Anesthesia and Perioperative Management Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
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Ronaldson A, Gazali AM, Zalli A, Kaiser F, Thompson SJ, Henderson B, Steptoe A, Carvalho L. Increased percentages of regulatory T cells are associated with inflammatory and neuroendocrine responses to acute psychological stress and poorer health status in older men and women. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1661-8. [PMID: 25678193 PMCID: PMC4828497 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The percentage of regulatory T cells (TRegs)-a subtype of T lymphocyte that suppresses the immune response-appears to be reduced in a number of stress-related diseases. The role of the TReg in stress-disease pathways has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the association between biological responsivity to acute psychosocial stress and the percentage of TRegs in healthy older adults. The secondary purpose was to measure the associations between TReg percentage and psychological and physical well-being in the participants. METHODS Salivary cortisol and plasma interleukin (IL)-6 samples were obtained from 121 healthy older men and women from the Whitehall II cohort following acute psychophysiological stress testing. Three years later at a follow-up visit, we measured TReg percentages and psychological and physical well-being were recorded using the Short Form 36 Health Survey and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. RESULTS Blunted cortisol responses (p = 0.004) and elevated IL-6 responses (p = 0.027) to acute psychophysiological stress were associated with greater TReg percentage independently of age, sex, BMI, smoking status, employment grade, time of testing, and baseline measures of cortisol and IL-6, respectively. Percentage of TRegs was associated cross-sectionally with lower physical (p = 0.043) and mental health status (p = 0.008), and higher levels of depressive symptoms (p = 0.002), independently of covariates. CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of TRegs may act as a defence against increased inflammation and may be a pre-indication for chronically stressed individuals on the cusp of clinical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ronaldson
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Ahmad M. Gazali
- Department of Academic Rheumatology, Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, School of Medicine, Kings College London, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Argita Zalli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Frank Kaiser
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, London, WC1X 8LD UK
| | - Stephen J. Thompson
- Department of Academic Rheumatology, Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, School of Medicine, Kings College London, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Brian Henderson
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, London, WC1X 8LD UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Livia Carvalho
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT UK
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Vaz ER, Fujimura PT, Araujo GR, da Silva CAT, Silva RL, Cunha TM, Lopes-Ferreira M, Lima C, Ferreira MJ, Cunha-Junior JP, Taketomi EA, Goulart LR, Ueira-Vieira C. A Short Peptide That Mimics the Binding Domain of TGF-β1 Presents Potent Anti-Inflammatory Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136116. [PMID: 26312490 PMCID: PMC4552549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple roles in development, wound healing, and immune regulation. TGF-β1-mediated immune dysfunction may lead to pathological conditions, such as inflammation. Chronic inflammatory process is characterized by a continuous release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the inhibition or the blockage of these cytokines signaling pathways are considered a target treatment. In this context, despite the high numbers of TGF-β-targeted pathways, the inducible regulatory T cells (iTreg) to control inflammation seems to be a promising approach. Our aim was to develop novel peptides through phage display (PhD) technology that could mimic TGF-β1 function with higher potency. Specific mimetic peptides were obtained through a PhD subtraction strategy from whole cell binding using TGF-β1 recombinant as a competitor during elution step. We have selected a peptide that seems to play an important role on cellular differentiation and modulation of TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines. The synthetic pm26TGF-β1 peptide tested in PBMC significantly down-modulated TNF-α and up-regulated IL-10 responses, leading to regulatory T cells (Treg) phenotype differentiation. Furthermore, the synthetic peptide was able to decrease leukocytes rolling in BALB/C mice and neutrophils migration during inflammatory process in C57BL/6 mice. These data suggest that this peptide may be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, especially because it displays potent anti-inflammatory properties and do not exhibit neutrophils’ chemoattraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília R. Vaz
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrícia T. Fujimura
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Galber R. Araujo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. T. da Silva
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rangel L. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxicology (CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxicology (CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Márcio J. Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxicology (CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Jair P. Cunha-Junior
- Laboratory of Immunotechnology and Immunochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ernesto A. Taketomi
- Laboratory of Immunotechnology and Immunochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz R. Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Carlos Ueira-Vieira
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Jergović M, Bendelja K, Vidović A, Savić A, Vojvoda V, Aberle N, Rabatić S, Jovanovic T, Sabioncello A. Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder exhibit an altered phenotype of regulatory T cells. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 10:43. [PMID: 25670936 PMCID: PMC4322511 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-10-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in immune homeostasis in vivo. Tregs have a critical role in preventing the development of autoimmune diseases and defects in Treg function are implicated in various autoimmune disorders. Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have higher prevalence of autoimmune disorders than the general population. We hypothesized that war veterans with PTSD would exhibit a decreased number and/or altered phenotype of Tregs. METHODS We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with PTSD (N = 21) (mean age = 45.9) and age-matched healthy controls (N = 23) (mean age = 45.7) to determine the proportion of Tregs and their phenotype according to the expression of CD127 and HLA-DR markers which describe the differentiation stages of Tregs. In addition, we analyzed the expression of membrane ectoenzyme CD39 on Tregs of the study groups, an important component of the suppressive machinery of Tregs. RESULTS We found no differences in the proportion of Tregs between PTSD patients and controls, but PTSD patients had a higher percentage of CD127(-)HLA-DR(-) Tregs and a lower percentage of CD127(lo)HLA-DR(+) Tregs compared to controls. There was no difference in expression of CD39 on Tregs of the study groups. CONCLUSIONS Although the proportions of Tregs in PTSD patients were unchanged, we found that they exhibit a different phenotype of Tregs that might be less suppressive. Impaired differentiation and function of Tregs is likely involved in disruption of immune homeostasis in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Jergović
- Centre for research and knowledge transfer in biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department for Cellular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Rockfellerova ulica 10, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krešo Bendelja
- Centre for research and knowledge transfer in biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anđelko Vidović
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Savić
- Centre for research and knowledge transfer in biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valerija Vojvoda
- Centre for research and knowledge transfer in biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neda Aberle
- General hospital “dr. Josip Benčević”, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Sabina Rabatić
- Department for Cellular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Rockfellerova ulica 10, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ante Sabioncello
- Department for Cellular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Rockfellerova ulica 10, Zagreb, Croatia
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Okuyama K, Dobashi K, Miyasaka T, Yamazaki N, Kikuchi T, Sora I, Takayanagi M, Kita H, Ohno I. The involvement of glucocorticoids in psychological stress-induced exacerbations of experimental allergic asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 163:297-306. [PMID: 24776388 DOI: 10.1159/000360577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress is associated with the aggravation of asthma symptoms. Glucocorticoids (GC), which are stress hormones released upon exposure to stress, have the potential to shift immune responses towards a predominant Th2 response by priming antigen-presenting cells to produce lower levels of IL-12 as well as reducing the development of regulatory T cells. However, the involvement of GC in psychological stress-induced exacerbations of allergic asthma has not yet been clarified. METHODS Sensitized mice were exposed to restraint stress followed by forced swimming stress, during which a GC receptor antagonist or a GC synthesis inhibitor was administered, and then antigen was inhaled. Corticosterone levels in the blood were measured in stressed and nonstressed mice. After antigen inhalation, the airway responses to aerosolized methacholine, epithelial mucus secretion and airway inflammation were evaluated, and the IL-13 contents in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured. RESULTS The exposure to stress significantly increased corticosterone levels. Allergic airway responses and the increase of IL-13 contents evoked by antigen inhalation were significantly higher in stressed mice than in nonstressed mice. The administration of a GC receptor antagonist and a GC synthesis inhibitor during stress exposure significantly reduced the exacerbation of the airway responses and the increase of IL-13 contents in stressed mice challenged with antigen. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the increased release of GC upon exposure to stress has a priming effect on the aggravation of allergic airway responses following the exposure, suggesting a pathophysiological role for the neuroendocrine axis in linking psychological stress to asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Okuyama
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Bellinger DL, Lorton D. Autonomic regulation of cellular immune function. Auton Neurosci 2014; 182:15-41. [PMID: 24685093 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system and the immune system (IS) are two integrative systems that work together to detect threats and provide host defense, and to maintain/restore homeostasis. Cross-talk between the nervous system and the IS is vital for health and well-being. One of the major neural pathways responsible for regulating host defense against injury and foreign antigens and pathogens is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Stimulation of adrenergic receptors (ARs) on immune cells regulates immune cell development, survival, proliferative capacity, circulation, trafficking for immune surveillance and recruitment, and directs the cell surface expression of molecules and cytokine production important for cell-to-cell interactions necessary for a coordinated immune response. Finally, AR stimulation of effector immune cells regulates the activational state of immune cells and modulates their functional capacity. This review focuses on our current understanding of the role of the SNS in regulating host defense and immune homeostasis. SNS regulation of IS functioning is a critical link to the development and exacerbation of chronic immune-mediated diseases. However, there are many mechanisms that need to be further unraveled in order to develop sound treatment strategies that act on neural-immune interaction to resolve or prevent chronic inflammatory diseases, and to improve health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L Bellinger
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
| | - Dianne Lorton
- College of Arts and Sciences, Kent State University and the Kent Summa Initiative for Clinical and Translational Research, Summa Health System, Akron, OH 44304, USA
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Carlsson E, Frostell A, Ludvigsson J, Faresjö M. Psychological stress in children may alter the immune response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2071-81. [PMID: 24501202 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress is a public health issue even in children and has been associated with a number of immunological diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological stress and immune response in healthy children, with special focus on autoimmunity. In this study, psychological stress was based on a composite measure of stress in the family across the domains: 1) serious life events, 2) parenting stress, 3) lack of social support, and 4) parental worries. PBMCs, collected from 5-y-old high-stressed children (n = 26) and from 5-y-old children without high stress within the family (n = 52), from the All Babies In Southeast Sweden cohort, were stimulated with Ags (tetanus toxoid and β-lactoglobulin) and diabetes-related autoantigens (glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, insulin, heat shock protein 60, and tyrosine phosphatase). Immune markers (cytokines and chemokines), clinical parameters (C-peptide, proinsulin, glucose), and cortisol, as an indicator of stress, were analyzed. Children from families with high psychological stress showed a low spontaneous immune activity (IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL10; p < 0.01) but an increased immune response to tetanus toxoid, β-lactoglobulin, and the autoantigens glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, heat shock protein 60, and tyrosine phosphatase (IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL10; p < 0.05). Children within the high-stress group showed high level of cortisol, but low level of C-peptide, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). This supports the hypothesis that psychological stress may contribute to an imbalance in the immune response but also to a pathological effect on the insulin-producing β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Carlsson
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, The Biomedical Platform, Jönköping University, SE-551 11 Jönköping, Sweden
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Xiang L, Marshall GD. Immunomodulatory effects of dexamethasone on gene expression of cytokine and stress hormone receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:556-60. [PMID: 23968846 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) such as cortisol in humans is a major stress hormone and can influence immunomodulation through various mechanisms including impact on regulatory T-cell (RTC) elements and changes in Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. In this study, we sought to determine the immunomodulatory effects of GC equivalent dexamethasone (DEX) at various concentrations (10(-7), 10(-8), and 10(-9) M) on gene expression of RTC, cytokine receptors and stress hormone receptors from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in an in vitro stress model in 24 h (acute stress) vs 11-day (chronic stress) cultures. Results revealed that the mRNA of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) was significantly decreased at 24 h with 10(-7) and 10(-8) M DEX. After 11 days, FoxP3 expression in the 10(-8) M DEX cultures had returned to baseline but was still down-regulated with 10(-7) M DEX. GC receptor (GR) mRNA decreased and β2 adrenergic receptor (β 2AR) mRNA increased significantly after 24 h exposure to DEX. These changes had returned to baseline in the 11-day cultures. The IFN-γR/IL-4R ratio, an alternative marker for Th1/Th2 balance, was significantly increased at 24 h and decreased after 11-day cultures with 10(-7) and 10(-8) M DEX compared to control cultures. These findings further contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms associated with the effects of acute vs. chronic stress on normal immune balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbin Xiang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Atanackovic D, Nowottne U, Freier E, Weber CS, Meyer S, Bartels K, Hildebrandt Y, Cao Y, Kröger N, Brunner-Weinzierl MC, Bokemeyer C, Deter HC. Acute psychological stress increases peripheral blood CD3+CD56+ natural killer T cells in healthy men: possible implications for the development and treatment of allergic and autoimmune disorders. Stress 2013; 16:421-8. [PMID: 23425210 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2013.777702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute psychological stress has primarily been investigated regarding its effects on conventional lymphocytes such as natural killer (NK) cells and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. However, it might be important to focus on more "specialized" lymphocyte subsets, playing a role, for instance, in allergic conditions and autoimmunity, to identify links between stress, the immune system and somatic diseases. Using flow cytometry we determined frequencies of circulating T helper (Th)1-type (CD226(+)) and Th2-type (CRTH2(+)) T cells, γδ T cells, conventional CD56(+) natural killer T (NKT) cells and invariant NKT cells (iNKT) in healthy young males (N = 31; median age 26 years) undergoing a laboratory computer-based stressor lasting 12 min. We found that acute psychological stress induced a prolonged increase in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expressing a Th2 phenotype. We also detected an acute increase in CD4(-) and CD8(-) double negative γδ T cells. Finally, we found that the well-known increase in NK cells under stressful conditions was paralleled by a significant increase in numbers of conventional CD56(+) NKT cells. In contrast, numbers of iNKT was not altered by stress. This study adds further evidence to a psychoneuroimmunological model proposing that under stressful conditions certain lymphocyte subsets, including iNKT and less mature T cells, are retained in lymphoid tissues while antigen-experienced effector-type T cells with a Th2 phenotype, γδ T cells and conventional CD56(+) NKT cells are mobilized into the peripheral blood. We suggest that in the case of frequent stress exposure, this might result in the promotion of, for example, allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje Atanackovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Oncology/Hematology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Center of Oncology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum), Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, Germany.
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Harpaz I, Abutbul S, Nemirovsky A, Gal R, Cohen H, Monsonego A. Chronic exposure to stress predisposes to higher autoimmune susceptibility in C57BL/6 mice: glucocorticoids as a double-edged sword. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:758-69. [PMID: 23255172 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis to promote the release of corticosterone (CORT), which consequently suppresses pathogenic stimulation of the immune system. Paradoxically, however, stress often promotes autoimmunity through yet unknown mechanisms. Here we investigated how chronic variable stress (CVS), and the associated alterations in CORT levels, affect the susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in female and male C57BL/6 mice. Under baseline (nonstressed) conditions, females exhibited substantially higher CORT levels and an attenuated EAE with less mortality than males. However, CVS induced a significantly worsened EAE in females, which was prevented if CORT signaling was blocked. In addition, females under CVS conditions showed a shift toward proinflammatory Th1/Th17 versus Th2 responses and a decreased proportion of CD4(+) CD25(+) Treg cells. This demonstrates that whereas C57BL/6 female mice generally exhibit higher CORT levels and an attenuated form of EAE than males, they become less responsive to the immunosuppressive effects of CORT under chronic stress and thereby prone to a higher risk of destructive autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Harpaz
- Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Littrell JL. Taking the Perspective that a Depressive State Reflects Inflammation: Implications for the Use of Antidepressants. Front Psychol 2012; 3:297. [PMID: 22912626 PMCID: PMC3421432 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews both the evidence that supports the characterization of depression as an inflammatory disorder and the different biochemical mechanisms that have been postulated for the connection between inflammation and depression. This association offers credible explanation for the short term efficacy of antidepressants, which have short term anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence for those anti-inflammatory effects is discussed. Evidence of the contrary long-term effects of antidepressants, which increase rather than decrease inflammation, is also reviewed. It is argued that this increase in inflammation would predict an increase in chronicity among depressed patients that have been treated with antidepressants drugs, which has been noted in the literature. A brief discussion of alternatives for decreasing inflammation, some of which have demonstrated efficacy in ameliorating depression, is presented.
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Okuyama K, Ide S, Sakurada S, Sasaki K, Sora I, Tamura G, Ohkawara Y, Takayanagi M, Ohno I. μ-opioid receptor-mediated alterations of allergen-induced immune responses of bronchial lymph node cells in a murine model of stress asthma. Allergol Int 2012; 61:245-58. [PMID: 22189590 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.11-oa-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress has a recognized association with asthma symptoms. Using a murine model of allergic asthma, we recently demonstrated the involvement of μ-opioid receptors (MORs) in the central nervous system in the stress-induced exacerbation of airway inflammation. However, the involvement of MORs on neurons and immunological alterations in the stress asthma model remain unclear. METHODS MOR-knockout (MORKO) mice that express MORs only on noradrenergic and adrenergic neurons (MORKO/Tg mice) were produced and characterized for stress responses. Sensitized mice inhaled antigen and were then subjected to restraint stress. After a second antigen inhalation, bronchoalveolar lavage cells were counted. Before the second inhalation, bronchial lymph node (BLN) cells and splenocytes from stressed and non-stressed mice were cultured with antigen, and cytokine levels and the proportions of T cell subsets were measured. RESULTS Stress-induced worsening of allergic airway inflammation was observed in wild-type and MORKO/Tg mice but not MORKO mice. In wild-type stressed mice, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios in cell culture supernatants and the proportion of regulatory T cells in BLN cell populations were significantly lower than those in non-stressed mice. These differences in BLN cells were not observed between the stressed and non-stressed MORKO mice. Restraint stress had no effect on cytokine production or T cell subsets in splenocytes. CONCLUSIONS Restraint stress aggravated allergic airway inflammation in association with alterations in local immunity characterized by greater Th2-associated cytokine production and a reduced development of regulatory T cells, mediated by MORs.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic Neurons/metabolism
- Adrenergic Neurons/pathology
- Animals
- Asthma/etiology
- Asthma/genetics
- Asthma/immunology
- Asthma/psychology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/immunology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/immunology
- Stress, Psychological/psychology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Okuyama
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
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Can we vaccinate against depression? Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:451-8. [PMID: 22507593 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Major depression is common in the context of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and is frequently associated with persistently raised levels of proinflammatory cytokines and other markers of inflammation, even in the absence of another diagnosable immune pathology to account for these findings. Therefore immunoregulation-inducing vaccines or manipulations of the gut microbiota might prevent or treat depression. These strategies are already undergoing clinical trials for chronic inflammatory disorders, such as allergies, autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel disease. In this article, we summarize data suggesting that this approach might be effective in depression and encourage the initiation of clinical vaccination trials in this disorder.
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Peterson RA. Regulatory T-cells: diverse phenotypes integral to immune homeostasis and suppression. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:186-204. [PMID: 22222887 DOI: 10.1177/0192623311430693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (T(REG)) are diverse populations of lymphocytes that regulate the adaptive immune response in higher vertebrates. T(REG) delete autoreactive T-cells, induce tolerance, and dampen inflammation. T(REG) cell deficiency in humans (i.e., IPEX [Immunodysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy and Enteropathy, X-linked syndrome]) and animal models (e.g., "Scurfy" mouse) is associated with multisystemic autoimmune disease. T(REG) in humans and laboratory animal species are similar in type and regulatory function. A molecular marker of and the cell lineage specification factor for T(REG) is FOXP3, a forkhead box transcription factor. CD4(+) T(REG) are either natural (nT(REG)), which are thymus-derived CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T-cells, or inducible (i.e., Tr1 cells that secrete IL-10, Th3 cells that secrete TGF-β and IL-10, and Foxp3(+) Treg). The proinflammatory Th17 subset has been a major focus of research. T(H)17 CD4(+) effector T-cells secrete IL-17, IL-21, and IL-22 in autoimmune and inflammatory disease, and are dynamically balanced with T(REG) cell development. Other lymphocyte subsets with regulatory function include: inducible CD8(+) T(REG), CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) T(REG) (double-negative), CD4(+)Vα14(+) (NKT(REG)), and γδ T-cells. T(REG) have four regulatory modes of action: secretion of inhibitory cytokines (e.g., IL-10 and TGF-β), granzyme-perforin-induced apoptosis of effector lymphocytes, depriving effector T-cells of cytokines leading to apoptosis, or inhibition of dendritic cell function. The role of T(REG) in mucosal sites, inflammation/infection, pregnancy, and cancer as well as a review of T(REG) as a modulatory target in drug development will be covered.
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Laukova M, Vargovic P, Csaderova L, Chovanova L, Vlcek M, Imrich R, Krizanova O, Kvetnansky R. Acute stress differently modulates β1, β2 and β3 adrenoceptors in T cells, but not in B cells, from the rat spleen. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:69-78. [PMID: 22248722 DOI: 10.1159/000329002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stress-induced rise in circulating catecholamines (CAs), followed by modulation of β-adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors, ARs), is one of the pathways involved in the stress-mediated effects of immune functions. The spleen is an organ with a high number of lymphocytes and provides a unique microenvironment in which they reside. Thus, lymphocytes may respond differently to CAs in the spleen than in the circulation. No reports exist concerning the involvement of β-ARs in stress-mediated effects on T and B cells isolated from the spleen. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effect of single stress exposure on gene expression and cellular localization of β-adrenoceptor subtypes in splenic T and B cells. We tried to correlate changes in adrenoceptors with the expression of apoptotic proteins. METHODS Immobilization (IMMO) was used as a stress model. T and B cells were isolated from rat spleen using magnetically labeled antibodies. The gene expression of individual adrenoceptors and apoptotic proteins was evaluated by real-time PCR. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate localization and adrenoceptor expression. RESULTS We have found T cells to be more vulnerable to stress compared to B cells, because of increased β₁-, β₂- and β₃-ARs after a single IMMO. Moreover, β₂-ARs translocated from the nucleus to the plasma membrane in T cells after IMMO. The rise in β-ARs most probably led to the rise of Bax mRNA and Bax to Bcl-2 mRNA ratio. This might suggest the induction of an apoptotic process in T cells. CONCLUSION Higher susceptibility of T cells to stress via modulation of β-ARs and apoptotic proteins might shift the immune responsiveness in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Laukova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Excellence CENDO and Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Oh SH, Park CO, Wu WH, Kim JY, Jin S, Byamba D, Bae BG, Noh S, Lim BJ, Noh JY, Lee KH. Corticotropin-releasing hormone downregulates IL-10 production by adaptive forkhead box protein 3–negative regulatory T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:151-9.e1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kim HR, Moon S, Lee HK, Kang JL, Oh S, Seoh JY. Immune dysregulation in chronic stress: a quantitative and functional assessment of regulatory T cells. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:187-94. [PMID: 22262136 DOI: 10.1159/000331586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic stress is closely related to immune dysfunction. Immune parameters have been analyzed in many ways in humans and animals under chronic stress. Recently, it has been proved that FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in immune regulation in vivo. However, it has not yet been elucidated how Tregs respond to chronic stress in vivo. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the frequency of and functional changes in Tregs from mice under chronic stress. METHODS Spleen cells were separated from C57/BL6 mice that had been exposed to immobilization stress for 3 weeks. The frequencies of FoxP3+ and CD4+ CD25+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. CD4+CD25- cells (effector T cells, Teffs), CD4+CD25+ cells (Tregs) and CD4- cells (antigen-presenting cells, APCs) were separated for the functional assessment of the proliferative activity of Teffs, the suppressive activity of Tregs and the feeder activity of APCs. RESULTS The results showed that chronic immobilization stress significantly increased the frequencies of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+FoxP3+ cells. Chronic immobilization stress also enhanced the suppressive function of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs. On the other hand, the proliferative activity of Teffs and the feeder activity of APCs were decreased in the mice under chronic immobilization stress. CONCLUSION Taken together, it is suggested that increased number and function of Tregs may actively contribute to the immune dysfunction in chronic immobilization stress, synergizing with the decreased function of Teffs and APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Ran Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Marino F, Cosentino M. Adrenergic modulation of immune cells: an update. Amino Acids 2011; 45:55-71. [PMID: 22160285 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sympathoadrenergic pathways are crucial to the communication between the nervous system and the immune system. The present review addresses emerging issues in the adrenergic modulation of immune cells, including: the specific pattern of adrenoceptor expression on immune cells and their role and changes upon cell differentiation and activation; the production and utilization of noradrenaline and adrenaline by immune cells themselves; the dysregulation of adrenergic immune mechanisms in disease and their potential as novel therapeutic targets. A wide array of sympathoadrenergic therapeutics is currently used for non-immune indications, and could represent an attractive source of non-conventional immunomodulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Marino
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Section of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi n. 9, 21100 Varese, VA, Italy
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Zakharyan R, Khoyetsyan A, Arakelyan A, Boyajyan A, Gevorgyan A, Stahelova A, Mrazek F, Petrek M. Association of C1QB gene polymorphism with schizophrenia in Armenian population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:126. [PMID: 21951915 PMCID: PMC3192735 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is a complex, multifactorial psychiatric disorder. Our previous findings indicated that altered functional activity of the complement system, a major mediator of the immune response, is implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In order to explore whether these alterations are genetically determined or not, in the present study we evaluated the possible association of complement C1Q component gene variants with susceptibility to schizophrenia in Armenian population, focusing on four frequent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of C1QA and C1QB genes. Methods In the present study four SNPs of the complement C1Q component genes (C1QA: rs292001, C1QB rs291982, rs631090, rs913243) were investigated in schizophrenia-affected and healthy subjects. Unrelated Caucasian individuals of Armenian nationality, 225 schizophrenic patients and the same number of age- and sex-matched healthy subjects, were genotyped. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) and quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR methods. Results While there was no association between C1QA rs292001, C1QB rs913243 and rs631090 genetic variants and schizophrenia, the C1QB rs291982*G minor allele was significantly overrepresented in schizophrenic patients (G allele frequency 58%) when compared to healthy subjects (46%, OR = 1.64, pcorr = 0.0008). Importantly, the susceptibility for schizophrenia was particularly associated with C1QB rs291982 GG genotype (OR = 2.5, pcorrected = 9.6E-5). Conclusions The results obtained suggest that C1QB gene may be considered as a relevant candidate gene for susceptibility to schizophrenia, and its rs291982*G minor allele might represent a risk factor for schizophrenia at least in Armenian population. Replication in other centers/populations is necessary to verify this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana Zakharyan
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Complexes, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
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50
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Marshall GD. The adverse effects of psychological stress on immunoregulatory balance: applications to human inflammatory diseases. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2011; 31:133-40. [PMID: 21094928 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Psychological stress has known effects on the immune system, including impacting effector and regulatory components. This can result in increased susceptibility to various infections, latent virus reactivation, and impact on immunoregulatory circuits. One of the great challenges in translational research is defining the risks associated with stress in specific patient populations and individuals. Future studies must include identification and validation of biomarkers that can categorize patient risk for adverse immune effects from various forms and degrees of psychological stress and how this impacts the course of their inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gailen D Marshall
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street N416, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA.
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