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Szychowski KA, Skóra B. Triclosan affects steroidogenesis in mouse primary astrocytes in vitro with engagement of Sirtuin 1 and 3. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 243:106586. [PMID: 39013540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a widely used antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral agent. To date, it has been reported that TCS can enter the human body and disrupt hormonal homeostasis. Therefore, the aim of our paper was to evaluate the impact of TCS on astrocytes, i.e. a crucial population of cells responsible for steroid hormone production. Our data showed that, in mouse primary astrocyte cultures, TCS can act as an endocrine disrupting chemical through destabilization of the production or secretion of progesterone (P4), testosterone (T), and estradiol (E2). TCS affects the mRNA expression of enzymes involved in neurosteroidogenesis, such as Cyp17a1, 17β-Hsd, and Cyp19a1. Our data showed that a partial PPARγ agonist (honokiol) prevented changes in Cyp17a1 mRNA expression caused by TCS. Similarly, honokiol inhibited TCS-stimulated P4 release. However, rosiglitazone (classic PPARγ agonist) or GW9662 (PPARγ antagonist) had a much stronger effect. Therefore, we believe that the changes observed in the P4, T, and E2 levels are a result of dysregulation of the activity of the aforementioned enzymes, whose expression can be affected by TCS through a Pparγ-dependent pathway. TCS was found to decrease the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Sirtuin 3 protein levels, which may be the result of the activation of the these proteins. Since our study showed dysregulation of the production or secretion of neurosteroids in astrocytes, it can be concluded that TCS reaching the brain may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases in which an abnormal amount of neurosteroids is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, Rzeszow 35-225, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, Rzeszow 35-225, Poland
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2
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Sang J, Ji Z, Li H, Wang H, Quan H, Yu Y, Yan J, Mao Z, Wang Y, Li L, Ge RS, Lin H. Triclosan inhibits testosterone biosynthesis in adult rats via inducing m6A methylation-mediated autophagy. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108827. [PMID: 38908274 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Triclosan is a potent antibacterial compound widely used in everyday products. Whether triclosan affects Leydig cell function in adult male rats remains unknown. In this study, 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day triclosan was gavaged to Sprague-Dawley male rats from 56 to 63 days postpartum. Triclosan significantly reduced serum testosterone levels at ≥ 50 mg/kg/day via downregulating the expression of Leydig cell gene Lhcgr, Scarb1, Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Cyp17a1, and Hsd17b3 and regulatory transcription factor Nr3c2 at 100-200 mg/kg. Further analysis showed that triclosan markedly increased autophagy as shown by increasing LC3II and BECN1 and decreasing SQSTM1. The mRNA m6A modification analysis revealed that triclosan significantly downregulated Fto expression at 200 mg/kg while upregulating Ythdf1 expression at 100 and 200 mg/kg, leading to methylation of Becn1 mRNA as shown by MeRIP assay. Triclosan significantly inhibited testosterone output in rat R2C Leydig cells at ≥ 5 μM via downregulating Fto and upregulating Ythdf1. SiRNA Ythdf1 knockdown can reverse triclosan-mediated mitophagy in R2C cells, thereby reversing the reduction of testosterone output. In summary, triclosan caused Becn1 m6A methylation by downregulating Fto and upregulating Ythdf1, which accelerated Becn1 translation, thus leading to the occurrence of autophagy and the decrease of testosterone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Sang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhongyao Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Hehua Quan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jingyun Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhixiang Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Linxi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou and Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province and, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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3
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Wang Z, Han X, Su X, Yang X, Wang X, Yan J, Qian Q, Wang H. Analysis of key circRNA events in the AOP framework of TCS acting on zebrafish based on the data-driven. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116507. [PMID: 38838465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely used in various personal care products. Research has found that exposure to TCS can cause toxic effects on organisms including neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, disorders of lipid metabolism, and abnormal vascular development, and the corresponding toxic mechanisms are gradually delving into the level of abnormal expression of miRNA regulating gene expression. Although the downstream mechanism of TCS targeting miRNA abnormal expression to induce toxicity is gradually improving, its upstream mechanism is still in a fog. Starting from the abnormal expression data of circRNA in zebrafish larvae induced by TCS, this study conducted a hierarchical analysis of the expression levels of all circRNAs, differential circRNAs, and trend circRNAs, and identified 29 key circRNA events regulating miRNA abnormal expression. In combination with GO and KEGG, the effects of TCS exposure were analyzed from the function and signaling pathway of the corresponding circRNA host gene. Furthermore, based on existing literature evidence about the biological toxicity induced by TCS targeting miRNA as data support, a competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network characterizing the regulatory relationship between circRNA and miRNA was constructed and optimized. Finally, a comprehensive Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework of multiple levels of events including circRNA, miRNA, mRNA, pathway, and toxicity endpoints was established to systematically elucidate the toxic mechanism of TCS. Moreover, the rationality of the AOP framework was verified from the expression level of miRNA and adverse outcomes such as neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response by knockdown of circRNA48. This paper not only provides the key circRNA events for exploring the upstream mechanism of miRNA regulating gene expression but also provides an AOP framework for comprehensively demonstrating the toxicity mechanism of TCS on zebrafish, which is a theoretical basis for subsequent hazard assessment and prevention and control of TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiaowen Han
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xincong Su
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jin Yan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qiuhui Qian
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Huili Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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Kek T, Geršak K, Virant-Klun I. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (bisphenols, parabens, and triclosan) and their associations with preterm birth in humans. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 125:108580. [PMID: 38522559 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Preterm birth in humans (PTB), defined as birth prior to 37 weeks of gestation, is one of the most important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with adverse health outcomes later in life. Attributed to many different etiological factors, estimated 15.1 million or 11.1% of births each year are preterm, which is more than 1 per 10 livebirths globally. Environmental pollution is a well-established risk factor that could influence the pathogenesis of PTB. Increasing evidence has shown an association between maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and PTB. This scoping review aims to summarize current research on the association between EDC exposure and PTB in humans. Database PubMed was used to identify articles discussing the effect of selected EDCs, namely bisphenol A, bisphenol S, bisphenol F, parabens, and triclosan, found in plastics, cosmetics and other personal care products, on PTB occurrence. Regardless of some inconsistences in the findings across studies, the reviewed studies suggest a potential association between involuntary exposure to reviewed EDCs and the risk of PTB. However, further studies are needed to delineate exact correlations and mechanisms through which EDC exposure causes PTB so that efficient preventative measures could be implemented. Until then, health care providers should inform women about possible EDC exposure thus empowering them to make healthy choices and at the same time decrease the EDC negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kek
- Clinical Research Centre, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Ksenija Geršak
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva 3, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Irma Virant-Klun
- Clinical Research Centre, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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Mínguez-Alarcón L, Gaskins AJ, Meeker JD, Braun JM, Chavarro JE. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and male reproductive health. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:1138-1149. [PMID: 37827483 PMCID: PMC10841502 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Modifiable factors, such as environmental exposures, can impact human fertility. The objective of this review is to summarize the potential effects of exposure to important endocrine-disrupting chemicals on male reproductive health. Most experimental and animal data demonstrate strong evidence for the negative effects of exposure to phenols, phthalates, pesticides, and perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances on male reproductive health. Although evidence of negative associations in humans was overall strong for phthalates and pesticides, limited and inconclusive relationships were found for the other examined chemical biomarkers. Reasons for the discrepancies in results include but are not limited to, differences in study populations, exposure concentrations, number of samples collected, sample sizes, study design, and residual confounding. Additional studies are needed, particularly for newer phenols and perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, given the scarce literature on the topic and increasing exposures over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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6
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Thacharodi A, Hassan S, Acharya G, Vithlani A, Hoang Le Q, Pugazhendhi A. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and their effects on the reproductive health in men. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116825. [PMID: 37544467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are harmful compounds that enter the environment naturally or through anthropogenic activities and disrupt normal endocrine functions in humans, adversely affecting reproductive health. Among the most significant sources of EDC contaminants are the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and packaging industries. EDCs have been identified to have a deteriorating effect on male reproductive system, as evidenced by the increasing number of male infertility cases. A large number of case studies have been published in which men exposed to EDCs experienced testicular cancer, undescended testicles, a decrease in serum testosterone levels, and poor semen quality. Furthermore, epidemiological evidence suggested a link between prenatal EDC exposure and cryptorchidism or undescended testicles, hypospadias, and decreased anogenital distance in infants. The majority of these findings, however, are incongruent due to the lack of long-term follow-up studies that would demonstrate EDCs to be associated with male reproductive disorders. This review aims to provide an overview on recent scientific progress on the association of EDCs to male reproductive health with special emphasis on its toxicity and possible mechanism of EDCs that disrupt male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Thacharodi
- Dr. Thacharodi's Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India; American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 20036, USA
| | - Gururaj Acharya
- Department of Civil Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, NITTE (Deemed to be university), Karnataka, 574110, India
| | - Avadh Vithlani
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Quynh Hoang Le
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
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7
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Santos LC, Dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, da Silva Santana L, Barbosa EM, Santos BR, Mendonça LD, Cunha MCDSG, Machado WM, Santana LR, Kersul MG, Henriques PC, Lopes RA, Snoeck PPDN, Szawka RE, Silva JF. Kisspeptin treatment reverses high prolactin levels and improves gonadal function in hypothyroid male rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16819. [PMID: 37798396 PMCID: PMC10556046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether the administration of kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) is capable of restoring gonadal function in hypothyroid male rats. Hypothyroidism was induced with 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) for three months. In the last month, half of the hypothyroid animals were treated with Kp10. Hypothyroidism reduced testicular and sex gland mass, decreased the proliferation of the seminiferous epithelium, and compromised sperm morphology, motility, and vigor. A decrease in plasma LH and testosterone levels and an increase in prolactin secretion were observed in the hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism reduced Kiss1 and Kiss1r protein and gene expression and Star and Cyp11a1 mRNA levels in the testis. Furthermore, it reduced Lhb, Prl, and Drd2 and increased Tshb and Gnrhr expression in the pituitary. In the hypothalamus, hypothyroidism increased Pdyn and Kiss1r while reducing Gnrh1. Kp10 treatment in hypothyroid rats restored testicular and seminal vesicle morphology, improved sperm morphology and motility, reversed high prolactin levels, and increased LH and testosterone levels. In addition, Kp10 increased testicular expression of Kiss1, Kiss1r, Fshr, and Nr5a1 and pituitary Kiss1 expression. Our findings describe the inhibitory effects of hypothyroidism on the male gonadal axis and sperm quality and demonstrate that Kp10 treatment reverses high prolactin levels and improves gonadal function and sperm quality in hypothyroid rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Jeane Martinha Dos Anjos Cordeiro
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa da Silva Santana
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Erikles Macêdo Barbosa
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Reis Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Dias Mendonça
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara da Silva Galrão Cunha
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - William Morais Machado
- Laboratorio de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Santana
- Laboratorio de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Maíra Guimarães Kersul
- Laboratorio de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Costa Henriques
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Roberta Araújo Lopes
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paola Pereira das Neves Snoeck
- Laboratorio de Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael Escorsim Szawka
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, 45662-900, Brazil.
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Damiani E, Sella F, Astolfi P, Galeazzi R, Carnevali O, Maradonna F. First In Vivo Insights on the Effects of Tempol-Methoxycinnamate, a New UV Filter, as Alternative to Octyl Methoxycinnamate, on Zebrafish Early Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076767. [PMID: 37047738 PMCID: PMC10094805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for organic UV filters as active components in sunscreen products has rapidly risen over the last century, as people have gradually realized the hazards of overexposure to UV radiation. Their extensive usage has resulted in their ubiquitous presence in different aquatic matrices, representing a potential threat to living organisms. In this context, the need to replace classic UV filters such as octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), one of the most popular UV filters reported to be a potential pollutant of aquatic ecosystems, with more environmentally friendly ones has emerged. In this study, using zebrafish, the first in vivo results regarding the effect of exposure to tempol-methoxycinnamate (TMC), a derivative of OMC, are reported. A comparative study between TMC and OMC was performed, analyzing embryos exposed to similar TMC and OMC concentrations, focusing on morphological and molecular changes. While both compounds seemed not to affect hatching and embryogenesis, OMC exposure caused an increase in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response genes, according to increased eif2ak3, ddit3, nrf2, and nkap mRNA levels and in oxidative stress genes, as observed from modulation of the sod1, sod2, gpr, and trx mRNA levels. On the contrary, exposure to TMC led to reduced toxicity, probably due to the presence of the nitroxide group in the compound's molecular structure responsible for antioxidant activity. In addition, both UV filters were docked with estrogen and androgen receptors where they acted differently, in agreement with the molecular analysis that showed a hormone-like activity for OMC but not for TMC. Overall, the results indicate the suitability of TMC as an alternative, environmentally safer UV filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Sella
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Astolfi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Galeazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Maradonna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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9
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Guo Y, Ma Y, Zhong W, Zhou L, Wan Y, Zhu H, Zhang R. Associations between seminal plasma triclosan and low sperm quality: A case-control study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 283:130-135. [PMID: 36848763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Triclosan (TCS), a novel endocrine disrupter, has induced widespread human exposure due to its widespread use in personal care products. Environmental TCS exposure was suggested to be associated with human semen quality. However, little is known about seminal plasma TCS concentration and the risk of low sperm quality. This case-control study is established to examine the relationship between seminal plasma TCS and the risk of low sperm quality. STUDY DESIGN One hundred men with low sperm quality as cases and one hundred normal men as controls were recruited a fertility clinic in Shijiazhuang, China, during 2018-2019. Seminal plasma TCS concentration was determined using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). Sperm concentration, sperm count, sperm motility and sperm progressive motility were evaluated according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines to assess the sperm quality. We used the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test and Kruskal-Wallis test to assess the differences of seminal plasma TCS concentration between the cases and the controls. In addition, logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between seminal plasma TCS concentrations and low sperm quality risk adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), abstinence time, smoking, and drinking RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The level of seminal plasma TCS was observed slightly but not significantly higher in the case group than the control group. We also observed significant association between seminal plasma TCS concentrations and semen parameters in both control and case groups. Moreover, the seminal plasma TCS levels at the fourth quartile were found to be more likely to exhibit low sperm quality risk with increased adjusted odds ratios of 2.36 (95% confidence interval 1.03-5.39) compared to the first quartile. Our results reveal that seminal plasma TCS concentration was positively associated with low sperm quality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinsheng Guo
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yue Ma
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, China
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
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10
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Collins HN, Johnson PI, Calderon NM, Clark PY, Gillis AD, Le AM, Nguyen D, Nguyen C, Fu L, O'Dwyer T, Harley KG. Differences in personal care product use by race/ethnicity among women in California: implications for chemical exposures. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:292-300. [PMID: 34952926 PMCID: PMC10005944 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal care products may contain many chemicals, some of which are suspected endocrine disrupters. This is an important source of chemical exposure for women, but little is known about how chemical exposure differs among different races/ethnicities. OBJECTIVE This study examines differences in personal care product use among Black, Latina, Vietnamese, Mixed Race, and White women in California. METHODS We used a community-based participatory process to create and administer a personal care product usage survey to 321 Black, Latina, Vietnamese, Mixed Race, and White women. We used multivariate regression models with pairwise comparisons to examine the frequency of product use by race/ethnicity. RESULTS We found distinct trends of personal care product use by race/ethnicity: Latina women typically used makeup most frequently; Black women used certain hair products or styles most frequently; and Vietnamese women were most likely to use facial cleansing products compared to other races/ethnicities. Latina and Vietnamese women were less likely to try to avoid certain ingredients in their products. SIGNIFICANCE These findings can help estimate disparities in chemical exposure from personal care product use and complement future research on health inequities due to chemical exposures in the larger environmental and social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N Collins
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paula I Johnson
- California Safe Cosmetics Program, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amy M Le
- California Safe Cosmetics Program, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Dung Nguyen
- California Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Nguyen
- California Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Fu
- California Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany O'Dwyer
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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11
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Ototoxicity of Triclosan: A Rat Model Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e32189. [PMID: 36505955 PMCID: PMC9728979 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Triclosan is utilized as an antibacterial factor in many industrial products. Although there are many toxic features of triclosan in the literature, there is no study on the effect of triclosan on hearing. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of triclosan on hearing in rats. METHODS In this prospective, experimental animal study, 40 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats with normal response to the distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurements were divided into four groups. Group 1, as the control group, was given only corn oil, group 2 was given 5 mg/kg triclosan dissolved in corn oil, group 3 was given 10 mg/kg triclosan dissolved in corn oil, and group 4 was given 100 mg/kg triclosan dissolved in corn oil; triclosan and corn oil were administered by oral gavage to all groups. RESULTS In our study, low-dose triclosan did not cause hearing loss, but hearing loss was observed in the group that was given high-dose triclosan (100 mg/kg). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that triclosan causes hearing loss in rats. This issue should be investigated further to avoid triclosan ototoxicity in humans.
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12
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Mechanisms of Male Reproductive Toxicity of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214229. [PMID: 36430706 PMCID: PMC9693139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are a group of flame retardants used in a variety of artificial materials. Despite being phased out in most industrial countries, they remain in the environment and human tissues due to their persistence, lipophilicity, and bioaccumulation. Populational and experimental studies demonstrate the male reproductive toxicity of PBDEs including increased incidence of genital malformations (hypospadias and cryptorchidism), altered weight of testes and other reproductive tissues, altered testes histology and transcriptome, decreased sperm production and sperm quality, altered epigenetic regulation of developmental genes in spermatozoa, and altered secretion of reproductive hormones. A broad range of mechanistic hypotheses of PBDE reproductive toxicity has been suggested. Among these hypotheses, oxidative stress, the disruption of estrogenic signaling, and mitochondria disruption are affected by PBDE concentrations much higher than concentrations found in human tissues, making them unlikely links between exposures and adverse reproductive outcomes in the general population. Robust evidence suggests that at environmentally relevant doses, PBDEs and their metabolites may affect male reproductive health via mechanisms including AR antagonism and the disruption of a complex network of metabolic signaling.
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13
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Arismendi D, Alanis C, Richter P, Paredes AH. Effect of triclosan exposure on ovarian hormones, trace elements and growth in female rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135964. [PMID: 35970220 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an antibacterial compound used mainly in personal care products. Its widespread use for decades has made it one of the most widely detected compounds in environmental matrices and in biological fluids. Although it has been shown to be an endocrine disruptor in rats and aquatic species, its safe use by humans is unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to TCS in female rats. To this end, 14 rats were divided into two groups and fed daily as follows: the control group with sesame oil and the TCS group at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Any signs of toxicity in the rats were observed daily, and the weight and phase of the estrous cycle were recorded. At the end, the rats were decapitated, the serum and ovaries were collected. The levels of testosterone and progesterone in serum were determined by immunoassay and mass spectrometry. Estradiol (in serum) and kisspeptin-10 (in serum and ovary) were measured only by immunoassays. Trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The weight gain study of the rats showed a significant decrease by exposure to TCS, while the estrous cycle was not significantly affected compared to the control. The optimized methods based on mass spectrometry showed a significant decrease in the levels of progesterone and testosterone due to exposure to TCS. In addition, elements determined by ICP-MS in rat serum showed significant changes in calcium, lithium and aluminum due to TCS treatment. Finally, the kisspeptin-10 levels did not show a negative effect due to the treatment by TCS. The results suggest that medium-term exposure to TCS did not significantly alter estrous cyclicity but caused alterations in growth, sex hormone levels and some elements in the rat serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Arismendi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, P.O. Box 233, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Alanis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, P.O. Box 233, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Richter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, P.O. Box 233, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso H Paredes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, P.O. Box 233, Santiago, Chile.
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14
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Marques AC, Mariana M, Cairrao E. Triclosan and Its Consequences on the Reproductive, Cardiovascular and Thyroid Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911427. [PMID: 36232730 PMCID: PMC9570035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hygiene is essential to avoid diseases, and this is thanks to daily cleaning and disinfection habits. Currently, there are numerous commercial products containing antimicrobial agents, and although they are efficient in disinfecting, it is still not known the effect of the constant use of these products on human health. In fact, a massive use of disinfectants has been observed due to COVID-19, but the possible adverse effects are not yet known. Triclosan is one of the antimicrobial agents used in cosmetic products, toothpaste, and disinfectants. This compound is an endocrine disruptor, which means it can interfere with hormonal function, with its estrogenic and androgenic activity having already been stated. Even if the use of triclosan is well-regulated, with the maximum allowed concentration in the European Union of 0.3% (m/m), its effects on human health are still uncertain. Studies in animals and humans suggest the possibility of harmful health outcomes, particularly for the reproductive system, and in a less extent for the cardiovascular and thyroid functions. Thus, the purpose of this review was to analyse the possible implications of the massive use of triclosan, mainly on the reproductive and cardiovascular systems and on the thyroid function, both in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Marques
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Melissa Mariana
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329-049
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15
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Yang P, Wang J, Hong AB, Huang LL, Xie QT, Wang YX, Xiong CL, Meng TQ, Pan A, Chen D. Exposure profiles and predictors of a cocktail of environmental chemicals in Chinese men of reproductive age. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134337. [PMID: 35304217 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Personal care products, such as additives, have raised widespread concerns about the potential threat to male reproductive health. The spermatogenesis in humans lasts for approximately 90 days, the average levels of these chemicals remain unclear during spermatogenesis. In our study, we pooled urine samples from each man during the days of 1-15, 16-31, 32-63, and ≥64, and examined exposure to 48 typical additive chemicals. By principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering, and Spearman's rank correlations, we then identified 6 PC scores and 4 clusters based on profiles of these chemicals. Some industrial, commercial or structural similar chemicals (e.g., phthalates) were significantly correlated compared to unrelated chemicals (e.g., benzophenone). PCA scores were associated with individual lifestyles (e.g., household income, tea consumption, and drinking tap water). Distinct exposure components and exposure patterns of personal care products may help the reproductive health assessment of men. We suggested more concerns for widespread exposure to these chemicals for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China; School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ao-Bo Hong
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Li-Li Huang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Qi-Tong Xie
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheng-Liang Xiong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, PR China; Hubei Province Human Sperm Bank, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Tian-Qing Meng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, PR China; Hubei Province Human Sperm Bank, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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16
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Szychowski KA, Skóra B, Wójtowicz AK. Involvement of sirtuins (Sirt1 and Sirt3) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the effects of triclosan (TCS) on production of neurosteroids in primary mouse cortical neurons cultures. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105131. [PMID: 35715069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown the presence of triclosan (TCS) in the brain due to its widespread use as an antibacterial ingredient. One of the confirmed mechanisms of its action is the interaction with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In nerve cells, sirtuins (Sirt1 and Sirt3) act as cellular sensors detecting energy availability and modulate metabolic processes. Moreover, it has been found that Sirt1 inhibits the activation of estrogen receptors, regulates the androgen receptor, and may interact with the AhR receptor. It is also known that Sirt3 stimulates the production of estradiol (E2) via the estradiol receptor β (Erβ). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of TCS alone or in combination with synthetic flavonoids on the production of neurosteroids such as progesterone (P4), testosterone (T), and E2 in primary neural cortical neurons in vitro. The contribution of Sirt1 and Sirt3 as well as AhR to these TCS-induced effects was investigated as well. The results of the experiments showed that both short and long exposure of neurons to TCS increased the expression of the Sirt1 and Sirt3 proteins in response to AhR stimulation. After an initial increase in the production of all tested neurosteroids, TCS acting for a longer time lowered their levels in the cells. This suggests that TCS activating AhR as well as Sirt1 and Sirt3 in short time intervals stimulates the levels of P4, T, and E2 in neurons, and then the amount of neurosteroids decreases despite the activation of AhR and the increase in the expression of the Sirt1 and Sirt3 proteins. The use of both the AhR agonist and antagonist prevented changes in the expression of Sirt1, Sirt3, and AhR and the production of P4, T, and E2, which confirmed that this receptor is a key in the mechanism of the TCS action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna K Wójtowicz
- Department of Nutrition, Animal Biotechnology and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Adama Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Sinicropi MS, Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Catalano A, Mariconda A, Pellegrino M, Saturnino C, Longo P, Aquaro S. Triclosan: A Small Molecule with Controversial Roles. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060735. [PMID: 35740142 PMCID: PMC9220381 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, has been widely used in personal care products, medical products, plastic cutting boards, and food storage containers. Colgate Total® toothpaste, containing 10 mM TCS, is effective in controlling biofilm formation and maintaining gingival health. Given its broad usage, TCS is present ubiquitously in the environment. Given its strong lipophilicity and accumulation ability in organisms, it is potentially harmful to biohealth. Several reports suggest the toxicity of this compound, which is inserted in the class of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In September 2016, TCS was banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union in soap products. Despite these problems, its application in personal care products within certain limits is still allowed. Today, it is still unclear whether TCS is truly toxic to mammals and the adverse effects of continuous, long-term, and low concentration exposure remain unknown. Indeed, some recent reports suggest the use of TCS as a repositioned drug for cancer treatment and cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this scenario it is necessary to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of TCS, to understand whether its use is advisable or not. This review intends to highlight the pros and cons that are associated with the use of TCS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-544-2746
| | - Annaluisa Mariconda
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Stefano Aquaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
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18
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Liu YS, Zhang YX, Wang XB, Wu QJ, Liu FH, Pan BC, Zhao YH. Associations between Meat and Vegetable Intake, Cooking Methods, and Asthenozoospermia: A Hospital-Based Case–Control Study in China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091956. [PMID: 35565922 PMCID: PMC9104795 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of meat and vegetable intake in the development of asthenozoospermia has been controversial, and the role of cooking methods for meat and vegetables in the association has yet to be determined. The present study aimed to illuminate the relationship between the consumption and cooking methods of meat and vegetables and the risk of asthenozoospermia. Methods: In this hospital-based case–control study, we enrolled 552 patients with asthenozoospermia and 585 healthy controls. Dietary information was assessed using a validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Asthenozoospermia was diagnosed according to the fifth edition of the WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Results: Participants in the highest tertile of total meat and unprocessed meat intake had a 44% and 39% lower risk of asthenozoospermia than those in the lowest tertile (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.87 and OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.93), respectively. Participants with the highest processed meat consumption showed higher risk (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.06). Raw vegetable consumption was negatively associated with the risk of asthenozoospermia (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.98). The stir-frying cooking method for meat was associated with increased risk of asthenozoospermia (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.46). Conclusions: Intake of total meat, unprocessed meat, and raw vegetable may reduce asthenozoospermia risk, while higher consumption of processed meat may increase the risk. Cooking methods may play a role in these associations. These findings need to be confirmed in large and prospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shu Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Q.-J.W.); (F.-H.L.)
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;
| | - Xiao-Bin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Q.-J.W.); (F.-H.L.)
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Q.-J.W.); (F.-H.L.)
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Bo-Chen Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;
- Correspondence: (B.-C.P.); (Y.-H.Z.); Tel.: +86-24-96615 (B.-C.P. & Y.-H.Z.)
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Q.-J.W.); (F.-H.L.)
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Correspondence: (B.-C.P.); (Y.-H.Z.); Tel.: +86-24-96615 (B.-C.P. & Y.-H.Z.)
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19
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Yuan G, Ma Y, Zeng Y, Pan H, Liu P, Liu Y, Liu G, Cheng J, Guo Y. Associations between low-dose triclosan exposure and semen quality in a Chinese population. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118926. [PMID: 35101560 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antimicrobial agent triclosan (TCS) has attracted much attention worldwide because of its pervasive existence in the human body and environment. TCS exposure has been reported to be associated with decreased male reproductive function. However, few studies have investigated these associations in humans. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between TCS in urine and male semen quality. METHODS A total of 406 men from a reproductive clinic were enrolled in this study. Urinary TCS concentrations were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Sixteen semen parameters were assessed according to the guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO), including parameters for volume, count, motility, and motion. We used multivariate linear regression models and restricted cubic splines to estimate the linear and non-linear associations between TCS exposure and semen parameters, respectively. Logistical regression models were further applied to explore the associations with abnormal semen quality. RESULTS TCS was detected in 74.6% of urine specimens. The monotonous trend of TCS tertiles and continuous TCS levels with all semen quality parameters were not observed in multivariate linear regression models (p > 0.05). However, compared with those in the lowest tertile, subjects in the second tertile showed significantly higher linearity and wobble (p < 0.05), indicating potential effects on sperm motion. In the models using restricted cubic splines with 3-5 knots, there were no significant non-linear associations between TCS exposure and any semen quality parameter. In addition, TCS tertiles were not associated with the risk of abnormal semen quality (i.e., count and motility) in the logistical regression models. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that low-level TCS exposure may have limited (none or modest) effects on male semen quality, potentially inducing some fluctuations. Further mechanistic studies on low levels of exposure are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxiang Yuan
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxing Zeng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haibin Pan
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyi Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China; Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 3012 Fuqiang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinsheng Guo
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
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Zhu W, Xie C, Zhao S, Zhang D, Zhang H. Environmental Exposure to Triclosan and Male Fecundity: A Prospective Study in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:814927. [PMID: 35480573 PMCID: PMC9035866 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.814927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxy-diphenyl ether, TCS) is widely used in personal care and household products. It is ubiquitous across the ecosystem nowadays. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested the possible adverse effects of TCS on male reproductive health. However, little research has been done on human beings, especially in eastern countries. To assess the effects of TCS exposure on male fecundity, we recruited couples who planned to conceive and went to the preconception care clinics for physical examination in Shanghai, China. TCS was quantified in male urine samples collected at enrollment. For this study, 443 couples were included in the cohort, and 74.7% of couples (n = 331) were prospectively followed 12 months later. The outcomes of interest included the pregnancy status of their wives and time to pregnancy. Elevated male urinary TCS concentrations were found to be associated with diminished fecundability (fecundability odds ratio (FOR) 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62–0.97). The risk of infertility significantly increased (OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1–2.6) as TCS levels elevated. Besides, we divided TCS concentration into tertiles a priori, and there tended to be a dose-response pattern in both analyses. Our findings suggest that environmental exposure to TCS may have an adverse impact on male fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Xie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Zhang
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Hao Zhang
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21
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Vidhya R S, Shwetharani R, Jalalah M, Alsaiari M, Harraz FA, Balakrishna RG. Review on Electrochemical Sensing of Triclosan using Nanostructured Semiconductor Materials. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Vidhya R
- Jain University Centre for Nano and Material Sciences INDIA
| | - R Shwetharani
- Jain University Centre for Nano and Material Sciences 562112 Bengaluru INDIA
| | - Mohammed Jalalah
- Najran University Department of Electrical Engineering SAUDI ARABIA
| | | | - Farid A. Harraz
- Najran University Advanced materials and Nano research centre SAUDI ARABIA
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22
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Sharma S, Dar OI, Singh K, Kaur A, Faggio C. Triclosan elicited biochemical and transcriptomic alterations in Labeo rohita larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:103748. [PMID: 34534692 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, Triclosan (TCS, a commonly used antimicrobial agent) induced alterations in biochemical parameters and gene expression were recorded in the larvae of Labeo rohita after 96 h exposure and 10 days recovery period to find out health status biomarkers. 96 h exposure to 0.06, 0.067 and 0.097 mg/L TCS significantly declined the levels of glucose, triglycerides, urea and uric acid and activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT). There was a non-significant decline in the levels of cholesterol and total protein but albumin and total bilirubin showed no change. After 10 days of recovery period, trend was opposite for glucose, urea and ALP only. Decline in the expression of trypsin and pancreatic amylase and elevation in creatine kinase during exposure to TCS showed a reverse trend after recovery period. However, concentration dependent elevation of chymotrypsin persisted till the end of recovery period. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed association of total protein, ALP, GOT, creatine kinase and pancreatic amylase with PC1 after exposure as well as recovery period. Therefore, these can be considered as important biomolecules for identification of health status of TCS stressed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Sharma
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Owias Iqbal Dar
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kirpal Singh
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
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23
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Montagnini BG, Forcato S, Pernoncine KV, Monteiro MC, Pereira MRF, Costa NO, Moreira EG, Anselmo-Franci JA, Gerardin DCC. Developmental and Reproductive Outcomes in Male Rats Exposed to Triclosan: Two-Generation Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:738980. [PMID: 34721297 PMCID: PMC8548666 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.738980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a phenolic compound with broad-spectrum antimicrobial action that has been incorporated into a variety of personal care products and other industry segments such as toys, textiles, and plastics. Due to its widespread use, TCS and its derivatives have been detected in several environmental compartments, with potential bioaccumulation and persistence. Indeed, some studies have demonstrated that TCS may act as a potential endocrine disruptor for the reproductive system. In the current study, we are reporting on the results obtained for male rats after a two-generation reproduction toxicity study conducted with TCS. Female and male Wistar rats were treated daily by gavage with TCS at doses of 0.8, 2.4, and 8.0 mg/kg/day or corn oil (control group) over 10 weeks (F0) and over 14 weeks (F1) before mating and then throughout mating, until weaning F2 generations, respectively. TCS exposure decreased sperm viability and motility of F1 rats at the dose of 2.4 mg/kg. The effects of TCS on sperm quality may be related to the exposure window, which includes the programming of reproductive cells that occurs during fetal/neonatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Garcia Montagnini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Simone Forcato
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Karine Vandressa Pernoncine
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cunha Monteiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marina Rangel Ferro Pereira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Orlandini Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Estefânia Gastadello Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cristina Ceccatto Gerardin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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24
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Yang D, Kong S, Wang F, Tse LA, Tang Z, Zhao Y, Li C, Li M, Li Z, Lu S. Urinary triclosan in south China adults and implications for human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117561. [PMID: 34126513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is widely applied in personal care products (PCPs) as an antimicrobial preservative. Due to its toxicity and potential risk to human health, TCS has attracted mounting concerns in recent years. However, biomonitoring of TCS in large human populations remains limited in China. In this study, 1163 adults in South China were recruited and urinary TCS concentrations were determined. TCS was detected in 99.5% of urine samples, indicating broad exposure in the study population. Urinary concentrations of TCS ranged from below the limit of detection (LOD) to 270 μg/L, with a median value of 3.67 μg/L. Urinary TCS concentrations from individuals were all lower than the Biomonitoring Equivalents reference dose, suggesting relatively low health risk in the participants. TCS concentrations did not differ significantly between sexes or education levels (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, marital status and age were found to be positively influence TCS levels (p < 0.001). After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), age was determined to be positively associated with TCS concentrations (p < 0.05), particularly in the age group from 31 to 51 years old. This study provides a baseline of urinary TCS exposure in South China general adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sifang Kong
- School of Traffic & Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Zhi Tang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhui Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Du Y, Wang B, Cai Z, Zhang H, Wang B, Liang W, Zhou G, Ouyang F, Wang W. The triclosan-induced shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism link to increased steroidogenesis in human ovarian granulosa cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112389. [PMID: 34082246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), which is used ubiquitously as an antimicrobial ingredient in healthcare products and causes contamination in the environment such as air, water, and biosolid-amended soil. Exposure to TCS may increase the risk of reproduction diseases and health issues. Several groups, including ours, have proved that TCS increased the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in different types of steroidogenic cells. However, the precise mechanism of toxic action of TCS on increased steroidogenesis at a molecular level remains to be elucidated. In this study, we try to address the mode of action that TCS affects energy metabolism with increased steroidogenesis. We evaluated the adverse effects of TCS on energy metabolism and steroidogenesis in human ovarian granulosa cells. The goal is to elucidate how increased steroidogenesis can occur with a shortage of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) whereas mitochondria-based energy metabolism is impaired. Our results demonstrated TCS increased estradiol and progesterone levels with upregulated steroidogenesis gene expression at concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 µM. Besides, glucose consumption, lactate level, and pyruvate kinase transcription were increased. Interestingly, the lactate level was attenuated with increased steroidogenesis, suggesting that pyruvate fate was shifted away from the formation of lactate towards steroidogenesis. Our study is gathering evidence suggesting a mode of action that TCS changes energy metabolism by predominating glucose flow towards the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that TCS presents such toxic action in disrupting hormone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Du
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200292, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200292, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cai
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200292, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200292, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200292, China
| | - Guangdi Zhou
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200292, China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200292, China
| | - Weiye Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200292, China.
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26
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Karakaya FB, Yavuz M, Sirvanci S. Histological analysis of the effects of thymoquinone on testicular damage in pentylenetetrazole-induced temporal lobe epilepsy model. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14130. [PMID: 34414592 DOI: 10.1111/and.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to investigate possible ameliorating effects of thymoquinone on testicular damage in an epilepsy model. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. The animals in sham-operated groups were given saline or thymoquinone (s.c.); and the animals in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) group were applied PTZ. The animals in PTZ+thymoquinone group were given thymoquinone (i.p) for 6 days after applying PTZ. Hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and TUNEL staining and PCNA, StAR, inhibin β-B immunohistochemistry and ZO-1 immunofluorescence methods were applied. Staining intensity and cell numbers were determined. Degeneration of seminiferous tubules was observed in PTZ group. Most of the tubules showed normal morphology in the PTZ+thymoquinone group. Apoptotic cell index was found to be increased and proliferative index decreased in PTZ group. Thymoquinone administration decreased apoptotic index and increased proliferation index. In PTZ group, ZO-1, StAR and inhibin β-B immunohistochemical staining intensity was observed to be decreased and after thymoquinone application, ZO-1 was increased. StAR and inhibin β-B-positive cell numbers were decreased in PTZ group and increased in the PTZ +thymoquinone group. In this study, it was observed that PTZ-induced epileptic seizures caused testicular damage in the rat and thymoquinone ameliorated these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Bedia Karakaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Yavuz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Sirvanci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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27
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Mondéjar-López M, López-Jiménez AJ, Abad-Jordá M, Rubio-Moraga A, Ahrazem O, Gómez-Gómez L, Niza E. Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles from Iris tuberosa as Potential Preservative in Cosmetic Products. Molecules 2021; 26:4696. [PMID: 34361847 PMCID: PMC8347276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic-silver nanoparticles emerge as new nanosilver platforms that allow us to obtain silver nanoparticles via "green chemistry". In our study, biogenic-silver nanoparticles were obtained from Iris tuberosa leaf extract. Nanoparticles were characterized by a UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamical light scattering technique. The transmission electron microscope revealed spheric and irregular nanoparticles with 5 to 50 nm in diameter. Antimicrobial properties were evaluated against typical microbial contaminants found in cosmetic products, showing high antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, natural moisturizing cream was formulated with biogenic-silver nanoparticles to evaluate the preservative efficiency through a challenge test, indicating its promising use as preservative in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mondéjar-López
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (A.J.L.-J.); (A.R.-M.); (O.A.); (L.G.-G.)
| | - Alberto José López-Jiménez
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (A.J.L.-J.); (A.R.-M.); (O.A.); (L.G.-G.)
| | - Minerva Abad-Jordá
- Nirvel Cosmetics, S.L, Polígono Industrial Costes Baixes, Carrer C, 9, 03804 Alcoi, Spain;
| | - Angela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (A.J.L.-J.); (A.R.-M.); (O.A.); (L.G.-G.)
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (A.J.L.-J.); (A.R.-M.); (O.A.); (L.G.-G.)
| | - Loudes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (A.J.L.-J.); (A.R.-M.); (O.A.); (L.G.-G.)
| | - Enrique Niza
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (A.J.L.-J.); (A.R.-M.); (O.A.); (L.G.-G.)
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28
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Lumio RT, Tan MA, Magpantay HD. Biotechnology-based microbial degradation of plastic additives. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:350. [PMID: 34221820 PMCID: PMC8217394 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic additives are agents responsible to the flame resistance, durability, microbial resistance, and flexibility of plastic products. High demand for production and use of plastic additives is associated with environmental accumulation and various health hazards. One of the suitable methods of depleting plastic additive in the environment is bioremediation as it offers cost-efficiency, convenience, and sustainability. Microbial activity is one of the effective ways of detoxifying various compounds as microorganisms can adapt in an environment with high prevalence of pollutants. The present review discusses the use and abundance of these plastic additives, their health-related risks, the microorganisms capable of degrading them, the proposed mechanism of biodegradation, and current innovations capable of improving the efficiency of bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob T. Lumio
- Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines
| | - Mario A. Tan
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- College of Science and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo, Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Hilbert D. Magpantay
- Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines
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29
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Raj S, Singh SS, Singh SP, Singh P. Evaluation of Triclosan-induced reproductive impairments in the accessory reproductive organs and sperm indices in the mice. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151744. [PMID: 34166923 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Highly effective antimicrobial properties of triclosan (TCS) make its use as a widely used preservative in different types of consumer products. TCS is reported as an emerging endocrine disruptor causing reproductive impairments in the males as well as in the females. The present study describes the adverse effects of various doses of TCS (40, 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg BW/day, for 42 consecutive days) on the weights and histopathology of the epididymis and seminal vesicle, sperm indices (motility, viability, count and morphology), concentrations of epididymal sialic acid and seminal vesicular fructose, along with TCS accumulated in these accessory reproductive organs of the laboratory mouse. TCS induced significant reductions in the weights of the epididymis and seminal vesicle along with noticeable histopathological alterations in these organs. TCS caused significant reductions in the count, percentage of motile and viable spermatozoa while a significant increase in the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa in the epididymis. Concentrations of epididymal sialic acid and seminal vesicular fructose declined significantly in the treated mice. A significant increase was noticed in the concentration of TCS, accumulated in the epididymis and seminal vesicle following TCS exposure at a high dose (320 mg/kg BW/day). The results thus suggest that the accessory sex organs are also affected deleteriously following TCS exposure, leading to impairment in the male reproductive health.
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30
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Duarte NDAA, de Lima LE, Maraslis FT, Kundi M, Nunes EA, Barcelos GRM. Acute Toxicity and DNA Instability Induced by Exposure to Low Doses of Triclosan and Phthalate DEHP, and Their Combinations, in vitro. Front Genet 2021; 12:649845. [PMID: 33959150 PMCID: PMC8093768 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent widely used in personal care products (PCP) and the di-(2-ethyl hydroxy-phthalate) (DEHP) is a chemical compound derived from phthalic acid, used in medical devices and plastic products with polyvinyl chloride (PVCs). As result of their extensive use, TCS and DEHP have been found in the environment and previous studies demonstrated the association between their exposure and toxic effects, mostly in aquatic organisms, but there is a shortage in the literature concerning the exposure of TCS and DEHP in human cells. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of exposure to TCS and DEHP, as well as their combinations, on biomarkers related to acute toxicity and DNA instability, in HepG2 cells, by use of cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMNCyt) assay. For that, the cultures were exposed to TCS, DEHP and combinations at doses of 0.10, 1.0, and 10 μM for the period of 4 h and the parameters related to DNA damage (i.e., frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and nuclear buds (NBUDs), to cell division (i.e., nuclear division index (NDI) and nuclear division cytotoxic index (NDCI) and to cell death (apoptotic and necrotic cells) were scored. Clear mutagenic effects were seen in cells treated with TCS, DEHP at doses of 1.0 and 10 μM, but no combined effects were observed when the cells were exposed to the combinations of TCS + DEHP. On the other hand, the combination of the toxicants significantly increased the frequencies of apoptotic and necrotic cells, as well as induced alterations of biomarkers related to cell viability (NDI and NDCI), when compared to the groups treated only with TCS or DEHP. Taken together, the results showed that TCS and DEHP are also able to induce acute toxicity and DNA damage in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindiane Eloisa de Lima
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Flora Troina Maraslis
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilene Arusievicz Nunes
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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31
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Gbotolorun SC, Ezeife CC, Ogunlade B. Prenatal exposure of bonny light crude oil induces embryotoxicity, impaired cognitive functions and cortico-hippocampal neurodegeneration on fetal outcomes of pregnant sprague-dawley rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:1978-1985. [PMID: 33719803 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1894721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The low Sulfur level, heavy metals and easy production rate of Bonny Light Crude Oil (BLCO) makes it one of Nigeria's most explored oil. This study investigated the memory impairments, embryotoxicity and cortico-hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by prenatal exposure to BLCO of pregnant Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats. Twenty pregnant rats were divided into 4 groups (A-D) of 5 rats each. Group A received normal saline as placebo. Group B-D received oral doses of BLCO at 0.73 ml/kg, 2 ml/kg and 3.8 ml/kg on pregnancy day 8-12.5 respectively. The pregnant rats were allowed to litter and nurse their pups. At 6 weeks postnatal life, twelve (12) selected young rats (n = 12) were accessed for behavioral study (Y-maze) and then sacrificed for biochemical and histological analysis. The results showed spontaneous abortion, still births and significantly reduced number of live births in the high dose group of BLCO compared to control. Length of gestation was significantly increased in the high dose group when compared to the control. CAT levels reduced significantly with concomitant increase in 8-OHdG among BLCO treated groups compared to control. Spontaneous alteration and number of arm entries decreased in the BLCO groups in comparison to control. Histological observation showed reduced cellular size, chromatolysis and presence of extracellular senile plaques in the prefrontal cortex and mild histological changes in the hippocampus architecture in the BLCO treated groups compared to the control. BLCO is capable of inducing embryotoxicity, impair cognition and cortico-hippocampal neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Gbotolorun
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C C Ezeife
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B Ogunlade
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.,Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
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Green MP, Harvey AJ, Finger BJ, Tarulli GA. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: Impacts on human fertility and fecundity during the peri-conception period. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110694. [PMID: 33385395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly difficult to avoid exposure to man-made endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and environmental toxicants. This escalating yet constant exposure is postulated to partially explain the concurrent decline in human fertility that has occurred over the last 50 years. Controversy however remains as to whether associations exist, with conflicting findings commonly reported for all major EDC classes. The primary aim of this extensive work was to identify and review strong peer-reviewed evidence regarding the effects of environmentally-relevant EDC concentrations on adult male and female fertility during the critical periconception period on reproductive hormone concentrations, gamete and embryo characteristics, as well as the time to pregnancy in the general population. Secondly, to ascertain whether individuals or couples diagnosed as sub-fertile exhibit higher EDC or toxicant concentrations. Lastly, to highlight where little or no data exists that prevents strong associations being identified. From the greater than 1480 known EDCs, substantial evidence supports a negative association between exposure to phthalates, PCBs, PBDEs, pyrethroids, organochloride pesticides and male fertility and fecundity. Only moderate evidence exists for a negative association between BPA, PCBs, organochloride pesticides and female fertility and fecundity. Overall fewer studies were reported in women than men, with knowledge gaps generally evident for both sexes for all the major EDC classes, as well as a paucity of female fertility studies following exposure to parabens, triclosans, dioxins, PFAS, organophosphates and pyrethroids. Generally, sub-fertile individuals or couples exhibit higher EDC concentrations, endorsing a positive association between EDC exposure and sub-fertility. This review also discusses confounding and limiting factors that hamper our understanding of EDC exposures on fertility and fecundity. Finally, it highlights future research areas, as well as government, industry and social awareness strategies required to mitigate the negative effects of EDC and environmental toxicant exposure on human fertility and fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Green
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alexandra J Harvey
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bethany J Finger
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerard A Tarulli
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Zamora AN, Jansen EC, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Goodrich JM, Sánchez BN, Watkins DJ, Tamayo-Orozco JA, Téllez-Rojo MM, Mercado-García A, Baylin A, Meeker JD, Peterson KE. Exposure to Phenols, Phthalates, and Parabens and Development of Metabolic Syndrome Among Mexican Women in Midlife. Front Public Health 2021; 9:620769. [PMID: 33718320 PMCID: PMC7952420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.620769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can influence Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) risk in adults, but it is unclear if EDCs impact women during midlife. We examined if EDCs measured in adult women were predictive of MetS and its components 9 years later. Methods: We measured urinary phthalate metabolites, phenols, and parabens collected in 2008 among 73 females from the ELEMENT study. MetS and its components (Abdominal Obesity, Hypertriglyceridemia, Cholesterolemia, Hypertension, and Hyperglycemia) were assessed in 2017. We regressed log-transformed EDC concentrations on MetS and MetS components using logistic regression, adjusting for age and physical activity. Results: At follow-up, the mean (SD) age was 46.6 (6.3) years; the prevalence of MetS was 34.3%. Sum of dibutyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), and monoethyl phthalate (MEP) were associated with an increased odds of hypertriglyceridemia. 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5 DCP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4 DCP) were associated with increased odds of hypertriglyceridemia. The odds of hypertension were 4.18 (95% CI: 0.98, 17.7, p < 0.10) and 3.77 (95% CI: 0.76, 18.62, p < 0.10) times higher for every IQR increase in MCOP and propyl paraben, respectively. The odds of hyperglycemia were 0.46 (95% CI: 0.18, 1.17 p < 0.10) times lower for every IQR increase in the sum of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDEHP), and the odds of abdominal obesity were 0.70 (95% CI: 0.40, 1.21, p < 0.10) lower for every IQR increase in the concentration of triclosan. Conclusion: We found EDCs measured in 2008 were marginally predictive of hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension 9 years later. Results suggest that lower exposure to certain toxicants was related to lower markers of metabolic risk among midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid N. Zamora
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Erica C. Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Occupational Health Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaclyn M. Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brisa N. Sánchez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Deborah J. Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | | | | | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Guo J, Wu C, Zhang J, Li W, Lv S, Lu D, Qi X, Feng C, Liang W, Chang X, Zhang Y, Xu H, Cao Y, Wang G, Zhou Z. Prenatal exposure to multiple phenolic compounds, fetal reproductive hormones, and the second to fourth digit ratio of children aged 10 years in a prospective birth cohort. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127877. [PMID: 32835969 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Select phenols are known to possess hormone-disrupting properties, but no previous study has addressed the potential effects of prenatal exposure to phenol mixtures on fetal reproductive hormones and children's second to fourth digit (2D: 4D) ratio, a marker for in utero testosterone (T) exposure. We aimed to explore interrelations of prenatal phenol exposures individually and in mixtures, cord serum reproductive hormones, and 2D: 4D ratio of children aged 10 years. Urinary 11 phenol concentrations were determined from 392 pregnant women participating in a longitudinal birth cohort. We estimated associations of prenatal phenol exposures individually and in mixtures with cord reproductive hormones and children's 2D:4D ratio using three statistical approaches, including generalized linear models (GLMs), elastic net regression (ENR) models and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. In female newborns, the three models showed that maternal triclosan (TCS) concentrations were significantly negatively associated with cord serum T levels [regression coefficient (β) = -0.076, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.138, -0.013; p = 0.018]. Additionally, maternal urinary bisphenol A (BPA) levels were related to decreases in 2D:4D ratio of the left hand in girls by GLMs (β = -0.003, 95% CI: 0.007, -0.001; p = 0.024) and ENR models, but not BKMR models. We provided evidence that prenatal TCS exposure predicted lower cord serum T levels, and maternal BPA exposure was related to decreased 2D:4D ratio of the left hand in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Guo
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jiming Zhang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenting Li
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shenliang Lv
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Weijiu Liang
- Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, 70182, Sweden
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Yan J, Joseph MA, Reynolds SA, Geer LA. Association between Urinary Triclosan and Serum Testosterone Levels in U.S. Adult Males from NHANES, 2011-2012. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7412. [PMID: 33053737 PMCID: PMC7601660 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan was introduced into the market in the 1970s and has since been used as an antimicrobial agent in a diverse array of consumer and personal care products. Although it has been widely used over a number of years, there is growing concern and debate over its safety and efficacy and its potential as an endocrine disruptor. Although prior animal toxicology studies have shown an association between triclosan and decreased testosterone levels, human studies have been limited, particularly for adult men. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (NHANES, 2011-2012), we examined the association of urinary triclosan on testosterone levels in adult men 18-65 years of age. Multivariable linear regression analysis failed to show an association between triclosan and serum testosterone (β = 0.0003, p = 0.98, 95% CI = -0.024, 0.025). The results suggest there is no association or that triclosan concentrations are too low to cause a significant impact on testosterone levels. Additionally, longitudinal studies would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the direction of change and magnitude of causal relationships over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Yan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
| | - Michael A. Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.A.J.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Simone A. Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.A.J.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Laura A. Geer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
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Kenda M, Karas Kuželički N, Iida M, Kojima H, Sollner Dolenc M. Triclocarban, Triclosan, Bromochlorophene, Chlorophene, and Climbazole Effects on Nuclear Receptors: An in Silico and in Vitro Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:107005. [PMID: 33064576 PMCID: PMC7567334 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can interfere with hormonal homeostasis and have adverse effects for both humans and the environment. Their identification is increasingly difficult due to lack of adequate toxicological tests. This difficulty is particularly problematic for cosmetic ingredients, because in vivo testing is now banned completely in the European Union. OBJECTIVES The aim was to identify candidate preservatives as endocrine disruptors by in silico methods and to confirm endocrine receptors' activities through nuclear receptors in vitro. METHODS We screened preservatives listed in Annex V in the European Union Regulation on cosmetic products to predict their binding to nuclear receptors using the Endocrine Disruptome and VirtualToxLab™ version 5.8 in silico tools. Five candidate preservatives were further evaluated for androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER α ), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and thyroid receptor (TR) agonist and antagonist activities in cell-based luciferase reporter assays in vitro in AR-EcoScreen, hER α -HeLa- 9903 , MDA-kb2, and GH3.TRE-Luc cell lines. Additionally, assays to test for false positives were used (nonspecific luciferase gene induction and luciferase inhibition). RESULTS Triclocarban had agonist activity on AR and ER α at 1 μ M and antagonist activity on GR at 5 μ M and TR at 1 μ M . Triclosan showed antagonist effects on AR, ER α , GR at 10 μ M and TR at 5 μ M , and bromochlorophene at 1 μ M (AR and TR) and at 10 μ M (ER α and GR). AR antagonist activity of chlorophene was observed [inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50) IC 50 = 2.4 μ M ], as for its substantial ER α agonist at > 5 μ M and TR antagonist activity at 10 μ M . Climbazole showed AR antagonist (IC 50 = 13.6 μ M ), ER α agonist at > 10 μ M , and TR antagonist activity at 10 μ M . DISCUSSION These data support the concerns of regulatory authorities about the endocrine-disrupting potential of preservatives. These data also define the need to further determine their effects on the endocrine system and the need to reassess the risks they pose to human health and the environment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6596.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Kenda
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
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Arya S, Dwivedi AK, Alvarado L, Kupesic-Plavsic S. Exposure of U.S. population to endocrine disruptive chemicals (Parabens, Benzophenone-3, Bisphenol-A and Triclosan) and their associations with female infertility. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114763. [PMID: 32806428 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous exposure to endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDC) among women of reproductive age is alarming. Exposure to EDCs could be contributing to infertility. We determined the association between common EDCs and self-reported infertility among U.S. women, 18-45 years of age using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) for periods 2013-2014 and 2015-2016. A cross-sectional study on reproductive age women was conducted. Available important sociodemographic variables, and urinary concentrations of parabens (methyl paraben [MP], ethyl paraben [EP], propyl paraben [PP], and butyl paraben [BP]), Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), Bisphenol-A (BPA), and triclosan (TCS) were obtained from the NHANES databases. Clustering among EDCs were obtained using variable cluster analysis. Relative risk regression models were used to estimate associations of individual and combined EDCs with self-reported infertility after applying appropriate survey weights to account for the complex survey design as well as to compensate for the four-year cycle. Results were summarized using prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Of total 789 individuals included in the study, 14% (95%CI: 11%-18%) had infertility. MP and PP were detected in 99% of urine samples, BP in 46%, EP and BP-3 in 96%, BPA in 94% and TCS in 73%. Self-reported infertility was significantly associated with combined score of BP-3, BPA and TCS (PR = 1.13, p = 0.007), and above detection level of EP (PR = 1.57, p = 0.025) even after adjusting for potential confounders. Our results suggested the EP and mixtures of benzophenones, TCS, and BPA were associated with infertility among the U.S. women. However, because of the limitations inherent to the cross-sectional study design, prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Arya
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Alok Kumar Dwivedi
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, USA.
| | - Luis Alvarado
- Biostatistics & Epidemiology Consulting Lab, Office of Vice President Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, USA.
| | - Sanja Kupesic-Plavsic
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, USA.
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Bilal M, Barceló D, Iqbal HMN. Persistence, ecological risks, and oxidoreductases-assisted biocatalytic removal of triclosan from the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139194. [PMID: 32485445 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) has been immensely employed in health care products and consumer items, as an active agent with fungicidal and bactericidal potentialities, such as soaps, sanitizers, tubes of toothpaste, deodorants, skin creams, and so on for over last five decades. The ultimate excretory route of TCS ends in our water matrices, thus has been frequently detected with ecological and human-health related matters and hazards. Bioactive residues of TCS reach into the key atmosphere compartment through numerous routes, such as (1) scarce or ineffective elimination or degradation throughout the treatment practices, (2) abandoned landfill leachates, (3) leakage from the discarded TCS-containing materials, and so on. Such persistence and occurrence of TCS or its degraded but bioactive residues have growing attentions. Its complete removal and/or effective prevention are still challenging tasks for safeguarding the environment. Owing to the highly effective catalytic and stability potential, enzyme-based bio-degradation approaches are considered an evocative substitute for TCS mitigation from environmental matrices. As compared to enzymes in their pristine form, immobilized enzymes, with unique catalytic, stability, selectivity, and reusability profile, are of supreme and strategic interest in environmental biotechnology. Herein, an effort has been made to signify the novel bio-catalytic and bio-degradation potentialities of various oxidoreductases, including laccases, and peroxidases including soybean peroxidase, versatile manganese peroxidase, and horseradish peroxidase with suitable examples. Following a brief introduction, the focus is given to the presence of TCS in the key atmosphere compartments. Potential sources, acquaintance, and hazardous influence of TCS are also discussed with recent and relevant examples. The second half shows the TCS removal/degradation potentialities of soluble enzyme-based catalytic systems and immobilized-enzyme-based catalytic systems. Finally, the concluding remarks, along with possible future directions are given in this significant research arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Damiá Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
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Li S, Clarkson M, McNatty K. Selection and characterisation of triclosan-specific aptamers using a fluorescence microscope-imaging assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7285-7294. [PMID: 32780154 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a fluorescence microscope-imaging assay for determining the binding characteristics of single-stranded DNA aptamers selected against the antibacterial agent, triclosan. The imaging assay utilises fluorescently labelled aptamers and target-immobilised matrices. Upon binding of triclosan-specific aptamers to triclosan-conjugated matrices, the binding complex was visualised and the image was captured with the aid of a fluorescence microscope. Subsequently, the fluorescent intensities of aptamer-bound matrices were analysed using dedicated image-processing software and correlated to known concentrations of selected input aptamers. Thus, by plotting fluorescence intensities against different aptamer concentrations, binding isotherms were generated to determine aptamer Kd values. The imaging assay was applied to characterise the binding affinities and specificities of ten triclosan-specific aptamers H1-H10. One of the candidate aptamers, H6, showed a Kd value of 378 nM, which was comparable with previously published Kd values for aptamer-generated against triclosan analogous. In addition, the utility of the imaging assay for aptamer characterisation was compared with a commonly used affinity column-binding assay. It was concluded that the imaging assay was superior to alternative assays in terms of accuracy, simplicity, and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand. .,Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt, 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Mark Clarkson
- Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt, 5010, New Zealand
| | - Kenneth McNatty
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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Elbakary RH, Tawfik SM, Amer RM. Evaluation of the Possible Protective Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Testicular Toxicity Induced by Polychlorinated Biphenyl in Adult Albino Rats: A Histological Study. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2020; 8:42-50. [PMID: 32766117 PMCID: PMC7365516 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_34_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) is considered one of the environmental pollutants. It is used as hydraulic coils in vacuum pumps, pesticides transformers, heat-exchange systems, capacitors and as additives in adhesive inks, paints, plastics, copying paper and sealants. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidant substance normally present in mitochondria as a coenzyme. Aim of the Work To evaluate the protective effect of ALA on PCB induced testicular toxicity. Materials and Methods Twenty five adult male albino rats were used in this study. They were divided into four groups, a control group included 10 rats, group II rats received alpha lipoic acid 25mg/Kg /day orally for 30 days, group III rats received PCB 5mg /Kg/day orally for 30 days and group IV rats received both PCB and alpha lipoic acid at the same previous dose for 30 days. At the appropriate time, the specimens were taken and prepared for light and electron microscope study. Results LM examination revealed structural alterations in group III in the form of wide spaces between seminiferous tubules that contain homogeneous acidophilic substance, partial or complete detachment of the tubules from the basement membrane and total distorted irregular shaped tubules. Also dilated congested blood vessels were seen. EM examination of this group revealed Sertoli cells with cytoplasmic vacuolation and dilated rER. The basement membrane appeared as thick and irregular line under Sertoli and spermatogenic cells and it was interrupted in some points. Primary spermatocyte appeared shrunken while others revealed vacuoles in the cytoplasm and perinuclear dilatation. Leydig cells showed irregular vacuoles and swollen destroyed mitochondria. Amelioration of the previous histological changes could be detected in group IV. Conclusion It could be concluded that alpha-lipoic acid has a protective effect against PCB induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rabab Mohamed Amer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Duan P, Huang X, Ha M, Li L, Liu C. miR-142-5p/DAX1-dependent regulation of P450c17 contributes to triclosan-mediated testosterone suppression. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137280. [PMID: 32084696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a potent antibacterial and antifungal compound that is extensively used in various daily products. TCS is also considered as an underlying endocrine disruptor and has anti-androgenic effects. In our previous work, we found that TCS suppressed testicular steroidogenesis via the miR-6321/JNK/Nur77 cascade, but roles of the abnormal expression of miR-142-5p and P450c17 in this molecular event were still unknown. Therefore, to verify the hypothesis that miR-142-5p and P450c17 might significantly function in other manner in testosterone decline after TCS exposure, Sprague-Dawley rats and the rat Leydig cell line were used in this study. Results showed that after TCS exposure, testicular histomorphology was abnormally changed and testosterone level was declined. Overexpressed miR-142-5p by TCS directly targeted the JAK1/STAT1 pathway. Bidirectional Co-IP assays and the use of STAT1 activator demonstrated that STAT1 could interact with and regulate Sp1. The activity, mRNA level, and protein expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3β were all decreased after TCS treatment. Sp1 silencing, ChIP, and qPCR assays showed that Sp1 regulated DNMT1 expressions by directly binding to the promoter region of DNMT1. Though the DNA methylation status of the DAX1 promoter was not affected, TCS induced the transcription and translation of DAX1 by DNMT1, in turn leading to the inhibition of steroidogenic P450c17. Taken together, TCS-induced miR-142-5p inhibits P450c17 by the JAK1/STAT1 pathway and downstream Sp1/DNMT1/DAX1 cascade, finally facilitating the decrease in testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Duan
- Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei Province 441000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Xu Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Mei Ha
- School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lianbing Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China.
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Abstract
Cosmetic products are used in large quantities across the world. An increasing number of chemical compounds are being added to the formulation of cosmetic products as additives, fragrances, preservatives, stabilizers, surfactants, dye and shine to potentiate their quality, property and shelf life. Owing to their widespread use, active residues of cosmetic products are continuously introduced into the environment in several ways. Many of these chemicals are bioactive and are characterized by potential bioaccumulation ability and environmental persistence, thus exerting a major risk to humans and the health of ecosystems. Hence, the indiscriminate consumption of cosmetics may present a looming issue with significant adverse impacts on public health. This review intends to spotlight a current overview of toxic ingredients used in formulating cosmetics such as parabens, triclosan, benzalkonium chloride, 1,4-dioxane, plastic microbeads, formaldehyde, diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, sunscreen elements (organic and inorganic UV filters) and trace metals. Specific focus is given to illustrate the biological risks of these substances on human health and aquatic system in terms of genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity mutagenicity, and estrogenicity. In addition to conclusive remarks, future directions are also suggested.
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Mandal TK, Parvin N, Joo SW, Roy P. Risk Assessment of Cosmetics Using Triclosan on Future Generation's Germ Cell Maturation via Lactating Mother Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041143. [PMID: 32053938 PMCID: PMC7068353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a widely used chemical in personal care and household products as an antimicrobial agent but some studies have reported it as being estrogenic. We investigated the influence of TCS on the male reproductive system of postnatal pups. Lactating mother rats (Rattus norvegicus) were given daily doses of 0 mg, 3 mg, and 5 mg/kg/day from the day of delivery until 28 days, equivalent to their natural breastfeeding duration. At 28 days, the male pups of all three groups were sacrificed and their biochemical parameters evaluated. TCS-treated pups had decreased mRNA levels for 3β hydro-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3βHSD), OCT3/4, and androgen receptor (AR) (p < 0.05). The higher dose (5 mg/kg/day) male pups exhibited more significantly affected germ cell maturation and decreased body weight. In summary, TCS-treated lactating mothers passed the deleterious effects to their untreated male pups as exhibited by reduced androgens synthesis and subsequently decreased sperm count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas K. Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India; (T.K.M.); (N.P.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering and IT, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Nargish Parvin
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India; (T.K.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering and IT, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.W.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India; (T.K.M.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.J.); (P.R.)
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Trivedi A, Maske P, Mote C, Dighe V. Gestational and lactational exposure to triclosan causes impaired fertility of F1 male offspring and developmental defects in F2 generation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113617. [PMID: 31780364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol, TCS), is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent and extensively used in household and daily daycare products. Recently, several reports have demonstrated the endocrine disruptive action of TCS to alter the testicular steroidogenesis. However, the gestational and lactational effects of TCS exposure on F1 offspring has not been studied. Present study aimed to investigate the effect of gestational and lactational exposure to TCS on F1 male progeny and its effect on fertility. Pregnant dams (F0) were administered with different doses of TCS (0.1, 4, 40 and 150 mg/kg b. wt./day) and Diethylstilbestrol (1 μg/kg b. wt./day), as a positive control daily by subcutaneous injection during Gestation Day 6 to Postnatal Day 21. Delayed testicular descent was observed at 150 mg/kg b. wt./day dose group. Dose-dependent decrease in testosterone level, sperm count and motility was observed. Significantly decreased expression of steroid hormone receptors (AR, ERα and ERβ), StAR and aromatase were observed in F1 male rats; indicating its prolonged effect on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in adulthood and poor development in F2 fetuses. Further, gestational and lactational exposure to TCS has negative impact on the fertility of F1 male rats. The F1 male rats were found sub-fertile with increased (%) pre- and post-implantation loss (at 40 and 150 mg/kg b.wt./day dose) with a simultaneous decrease in litter size. The significant decrease in mean fetal weight and crown-rump length (CRL) of F2 fetuses were observed at 0.1, 4, 40 and 150 dose groups indicating impaired development of F2 fetuses caused by TCS exposure. Present study emphasizes for the first time that TCS exposure during the vulnerable developmental time point (gestation and lactation) adversely affects reproductive functions and fertility of F1 male rats, which were transmitted to F2 generations leading to reduced CRLs and weights of F2 fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Trivedi
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priyanka Maske
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Mote
- Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirval, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikas Dighe
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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An Insight into Ingredients of Toxicological Interest in Personal Care Products and A Small–Scale Sampling Survey of the Greek Market: Delineating a Potential Contamination Source for Water Resources. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater is not a waste but a valuable resource that should be reused. Nevertheless, it should be devoid of physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters that can harm the consumer. Along with the multitude of possible pollutants found in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), emerging pollutants, such as Personal Care Products (PCPs), have arisen. The present research examines some of the main ingredients commonly found in PCPs, focusing on their toxicological profile on their occurrence in WWTPs influents and effluents worldwide and on their persistence and biodegradability. A small-scale market sampling of PCPs was performed in Athens, Greece, in June 2019, and their individual ingredients were recorded, coded according to their main activity, scanned for the presence of ingredients of important toxicological profile, and finally analyzed for the presence of other candidates of toxicological interest. Results show that some ingredients of concern (i.e., parabens and triclosan) are a decreasing trend. On the other hand, information on the presence of synthetic musks and perfume synthesis is scarce and encumbered by brand protection. Finally, UV filters are numerous, and they are used in various combinations, while other ingredients of toxicological interest are also present. Since the reclaimed water may well be used to cover irrigation needs in Greek areas with water deficiency or to enrich bodies of surface water, it is important to know what PCP ingredients are on the rise in the market, to monitor their presence in WWTPs influents and effluents and to extend research on their environmental fate and behavior.
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Azzouz A, Colón LP, Souhail B, Ballesteros E. A multi-residue method for GC-MS determination of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish and seafood from European and North African markets. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108727. [PMID: 31520833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An integrated study was conducted to determine the presence of six types of endocrine disrupting chemicals (bisphenol A, triclosan, two alkylphenols, two phenylphenols, eleven organophosphorus pesticides and seven parabens) in the fish and seafood samples from Europe and North Africa. The proposed method involves ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by continuous solid-phase extraction prior to GC-MS analysis. Analytical quality parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and selectivity were all good. Limits of detections ranged from 0.5 to 20.0 ng/kg. The relative standard deviation was lower than 7.5% and recoveries ranged from 84 to 105%. The method was successfully used to determine the target analytes in 20 fish and seafood samples from different fish shops and supermarkets in Europe and North Africa. Analyte contents spanned the range 4.6-730 ng/kg and were all below the maximum legally allowed limits. EDCs most frequently found in the samples analysed were dichlorvos, 2-phenylphenol and nonylphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmonaim Azzouz
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, B.P. 2121, M'Hannech II, 93002, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Laura Palacios Colón
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain
| | - Badredine Souhail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, B.P. 2121, M'Hannech II, 93002, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Evaristo Ballesteros
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain.
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Bitencourt G, Fortunato ED, Panis C, Amorim EMP, de Arruda Amorim JP. Maternal exposure to triclosan causes fetal development restriction, deregulation of the oestrous cycle, and alters uterine tissue in rat offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:1105-1113. [PMID: 31240815 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure to triclosan (TCS) during pregnancy and lactation on the uterine morphology of rat offspring. For this, 32 Wistar rat dams were distributed into four dose groups (eight mothers per group), and gavage daily, throughout pregnancy and lactation, as follows: Group I-control (GI): corn oil; Group II (GII): TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 75 mg/kg/d; Group III (GIII): TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 150 mg/kg/d; Group IV (GIV): TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 300 mg/kg/d. A female pup of each mother was selected, and at 90 days the pups were euthanized for weighing and collection of the uterus for histomorphometric analysis. The results showed that the mean litter weight was minor in all the groups treated with TCS, when compared with control. The levels thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in TCS mother rats were reduced; however the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were increases. The offspring of all groups exposed to TCS presented deregulation of the estrous cycle, compared with control. Analysis of the uterine histological structure demonstrated that all layers of the uterus were affected by the administration of TCS, and the morphometric analysis showed increased uterine layers thickness in the treated groups. We concluded that maternal exposure to TCS during pregnancy and lactation causes intrauterine development restriction, deregulation of the oestrous cycle, and alters uterine tissue in rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolina Panis
- State University of Western Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Elaine M P Amorim
- State University of Western Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
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Nassan FL, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Williams PL, Dadd R, Petrozza JC, Ford JB, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Urinary triclosan concentrations and semen quality among men from a fertility clinic. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108633. [PMID: 31421444 PMCID: PMC6717534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triclosan, a widely-used antimicrobial in personal care products, has shown endocrine disrupting activity in experimental studies. However, there is limited evidence from epidemiologic studies on health effects. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between urinary triclosan concentrations and semen quality. METHODS A total of 262 men enrolled in the Environmental and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study provided 581 paired urine and semen samples (2009-2017). Urinary triclosan concentrations were quantified and semen analysis was evaluated according to WHO guidelines. We used linear mixed regression models to estimate the associations between specific gravity-adjusted urinary triclosan concentrations with semen parameters, with a random intercept to account for multiple samples per man and adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, sexual abstinence time, and season and year of samples' collection. RESULTS Men had a mean (standard deviation) age of 36.6 (5.24) years and BMI of 27.9 (5.94) kg/m2. Seventy four percent of the samples had detectable (>2.3 μg/L) concentrations. We did not observe significant dose response trends between SG-adjusted urinary triclosan concentrations and semen parameters. However, in the adjusted analysis, compared to men with non-detectable triclosan concentrations in the lowest quartile, those in the second, third, and fourth quartiles had -1.32% (95%CI: -2.04, -0.59), -0.91% (95%CI: -1.63, -0.18), and -0.46% (95%CI: -1.25, 0.33) lower percent morphologically normal sperm, respectively. Similarly, a lower percentage of morphologically normal sperm was found among men with detectable triclosan concentrations, compared to men with non-detectable triclosan [-0.96% (95% CI: -1.57, -0.35)]. In sensitivity analyses, there was stronger negative associations on the percent morphologically normal sperm in the earlier time period due to the significant negative trend in detectable triclosan concentrations over time. CONCLUSION Despite the lack of observed dose response relationship, we found consistent patterns of lower percent morphologically normal sperm for men with urinary triclosan in the 2nd or 3rd quartile compared to undetectable concentrations.This association was stronger for samples obtained prior to 2013 when triclosan was more often detectable in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiby L Nassan
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramace Dadd
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John C Petrozza
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Relationship between triclosan exposure and thyroid hormones: the Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2012-2014). Ann Occup Environ Med 2019; 31:e22. [PMID: 31620299 PMCID: PMC6779949 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol (triclosan) is used as an antiseptic and is a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical that can affect thyroid hormone levels. This study evaluated the relationship between triclosan exposure and thyroid hormones. Methods Data from the second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2012-2014) were analyzed. Triclosan exposure was evaluated using urinary triclosan concentrations and classified into 2 groups: 'below detection (< limit of detection [LOD])' vs. 'detected (≥ LOD).' Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between triclosan exposure and the serum thyroid hormone concentrations, adjusting for age, body mass index, urinary creatinine, and smoking status. Results When grouped by sex, triclosan exposure was positively associated with the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in females with marginal significance (β = 0.066, p = 0.058). However, no significant association was identified between triclosan exposure and serum total triiodothyronine and thyroxine in both males and females, and TSH in males. Conclusions This study is the first human study to evaluate the relationship between triclosan exposure and serum thyroid hormone concentrations in the Korean population. There was suggestive positive association between triclosan exposure and the serum TSH in females. Further studies need to evaluate the relationship between long-term exposure to low-dose triclosan and thyroid hormones.
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Kim J, Kim K. Association of antimicrobial household exposure with development of allergic rhinitis in Korea. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019; 30:569-571. [PMID: 30861215 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Research, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - KyooSang Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Research, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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