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Li Q, Song K, Feng T, Zhang J, Fang X. Machine learning identifies different related factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation in Chinese children and adolescents. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:24-35. [PMID: 38844165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and suicidal ideation often co-occur in children and adolescents, yet they possess distinct characteristics. This study sought to identify the different related factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation. METHODS A nationwide cross-sectional survey collected data from Chinese children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 (N = 160,962; 48.91 % girls). The survey included inquiries about demographics, depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, perceived stress, academic burnout, internet addiction, non-suicidal self-injury, bullying, and being bullied. Fifteen machine learning algorithms were conducted to identify the different related factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation. Additionally, we conducted external validation on an independent sample of 1,812,889 children and adolescents. RESULTS Our findings revealed seven related factors linked to depression and six associated with suicidal ideation, with average accuracy rates of 86.86 % and 85.82 %, respectively. For depression, the most influential factors were anxiety, perceived stress, academic burnout, internet addiction, non-suicidal self-injury, experience of bullying, and age. Similarly, anxiety, non-suicidal self-injury, perceived stress, internet addiction, academic burnout, and age emerged as paramount factors for suicidal ideation. Moreover, these related factors showed notable variations in their predictive capacities for depression and suicidal ideation across different subgroups. CONCLUSION Anxiety emerged as the predominant shared factor for both depression and suicidal ideation, whereas the other related factors displayed distinct predictive patterns for each condition. These findings highlight the critical need for tailored strategies from public mental health service providers and policymakers to address the pressing concerns of depression and suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyin Li
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kunru Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Beijing Mind Data & Analysis Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Tian S, Yi J, Cai C, Zhu Y, Shi C. The impact of family burden on the psychological distress of informal caregivers for older adults living with dementia: The role of internal and external coping resources. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 60:92-98. [PMID: 39236371 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous studies have demonstrated that informal caregivers of people living with dementia (PLWD) have serious adverse psychological problems, but little research has been done on the role of integrating caregivers' various coping resources in reducing psychological effects. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of caregivers' internal (self-efficacy and positive coping) and external coping resources (family function and social support) on the family burden and psychological distress. METHODS A cross-sectional study, and a self-designed questionnaire, Family Burden Scale of Disease, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Simplified Coping Style Question, The Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve Scale and Social Support Rating Scale were completed by 193 pairs of PLWD and caregivers. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the mediating effects of coping resources. RESULTS Self-efficacy, positive coping, family function, and social support respectively mediated the relationship between family burden and psychological distress (β = 0.402, β = 0.059, β = -0.111, β = 0.053; P < 0.05). Besides, the serial mediation effects of self-efficacy and positive coping, family function and social support were also significant (β = 0.104, β = 0.045; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the mediating role of internal and external coping resources between family burden and psychological distress in caregivers of older PLWD, providing a theoretical basis for promoting the,mental health of caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Institute of Nursing Research, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Siwei Tian
- Institute of Nursing Research, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China; Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jingxi Yi
- Institute of Nursing Research, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Chan Cai
- Institute of Nursing Research, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Institute of Nursing Research, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Chongqing Shi
- Institute of Nursing Research, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China.
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Thorell LB, Burén J, Ström Wiman J, Sandberg D, Nutley SB. Longitudinal associations between digital media use and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2503-2526. [PMID: 36562860 PMCID: PMC11272698 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous reviews have often shown a link between digital media ADHD symptom levels. However, longitudinal studies are needed to find stronger evidence of a causal effect as well as to determine the direction of effects. The aim of the present review (PROSPERO CRD42021262695) was therefore to provide a systematic review of studies meeting the following inclusion criteria: (1) include longitudinal data investigating associations between digital media (i.e., gaming and social media) and later ADHD symptoms or vice versa, (2) be published within the past 10 years (i.e., 2011 until June 2021), (3) be published in a peer-reviewed journal in English, and (4) include children or adolescents (age 0-17 years). After a systematic search in the Web of Science and PsycInfo databases, we included 28 studies, all with adequate or high quality. Results showed support for reciprocal associations between digital media and ADHD symptoms, with associations being more consistent for problematic use of digital media than for screen time. Thus, children with ADHD symptoms appear more vulnerable to developing high or problematic use of digital media (i.e., selection effects), and digital media also have effects on later ADHD symptom levels, either because of specific characteristics of digital media or because of indirect effects on, for example, sleep and social relations (i.e., media effects). However, it should be emphasized that further studies investigating potential moderators and mediators are needed if we are to better understand the complex associations between digital media and ADHD symptom levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B Thorell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Burén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Ström Wiman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Sandberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sissela B Nutley
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Turan S, Çıray RO, Tunçtürk M, Halac E, Bilgic B, Ağaç N, Ermiş Ç. Social Information Processing and Executive Functions in Male Children and Adolescents with Internet Gaming Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:1063-1072. [PMID: 36441375 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, in addition to its clinical importance, interest in the social-cognitive aspect of internet gaming disorder (IGD) has increased. This study aimed to investigate autistic traits, executive functions, and self-regulation abilities of patients with IGD. Eighty-seven male patients with IGD and eighty-three male healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. All patients were diagnosed with IGD as per the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. Healthy controls without any comorbid psychiatric diagnosis were recruited from the community. The Brief Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) were implemented to evaluate autistic traits, executive functions, and self-regulation skills. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Disorders and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form were used to evaluate psychopathology. The effect size of the impairments in executive functions and self-regulation skills was large (Cohen's d = 1.0-2.0). IGD groups had higher levels of autistic traits compared to healthy controls (d = 1.0-1.4). The differences in BDI and BRIEF scores remained significant in logistic regression analysis. Age at illness-onset, total severity of anxiety, and autistic traits were found as significant correlates of deficits in executive functions among patients with IGD. The results of this study supported the higher autistic traits and poorer executive function skills of patients with IGD. Deficits in executive functions were associated with autistic traits and younger age-onset of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Turan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey.
| | | | - Mustafa Tunçtürk
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eren Halac
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Nilay Ağaç
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
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Aziz M, Chemnad K, Al-Harahsheh S, Abdelmoneium AO, Bagdady A, Hassan DA, Ali R. The influence of adolescents essential and non-essential use of technology and Internet addiction on their physical and mental fatigues. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1745. [PMID: 38242916 PMCID: PMC10799030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the impact of Internet addiction (IA), age, and essential and non-essential technology usage time on the physical and mental fatigue of adolescents. The research surveyed 477 adolescents from Qatar and employed the Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire (IADQ) and Chalder's Fatigue Scale for data collection. Multiple linear regression and Mann-Whitney U tests were utilized for analysis. The findings indicate that IA, non-essential usage time, and age are positively associated with overall fatigue among adolescents. IA and non-essential usage time are positively linked to physical fatigue, while IA, non-essential usage time, and age are positive predictors of mental fatigue. However, essential usage time is negatively associated with mental fatigue. These results highlight the importance of distinguishing technology usage based on intent and necessity, as well as differentiating between physical and mental fatigue when examining problematic technology usage. This study is among the few conducted in the Middle Eastern context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Aziz
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar.
| | - Khansa Chemnad
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| | | | | | - Ahmed Bagdady
- World Innovation Summit for Education, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Diana Alsayed Hassan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raian Ali
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar.
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Huang MF, Chang YP, Chou WJ, Yen CF. Predictors of problematic smartphone use among young adult lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a four-year follow-up study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:905. [PMID: 38053156 PMCID: PMC10696814 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This 4-year follow-up study was conducted to evaluate the predictive effects of prepandemic individual and environmental factors on problematic smartphone use (PSU) among young adult lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data on prepandemic PSU, demographics, sexual stigma (e.g., perceived sexual stigma from family members, internalized sexual stigma, and sexual microaggression), self-identity confusion (e.g., disturbed identity, unconsolidated identity, and lack of identity), anxiety, depression, and family support were collected from 1,000 LGB individuals between August 2018 and June 2019. The participants' PSU was surveyed again after 4 years (between August 2022 and June 2023). The associations of prepandemic individual and environmental factors with PSU at follow-up were analyzed through linear regression. RESULTS In total, 673 (67.3%) participants completed the follow-up assessment. The severity of PSU significantly decreased after 4 years (p = .001). Before the incorporation of PSU at baseline into the analysis model, the results of the model revealed that high levels depressive symptoms (p < .001), disturbed identity (p < .001), and perceived sexual stigma from family members (p = .025) at baseline were significantly associated with PSU at follow-up. After the incorporation of PSU at baseline into the analysis model, the results of the model revealed that high levels PSU (p < .001) and depressive symptoms (p = .002) at baseline were significantly associated with PSU at follow-up. CONCLUSION Interventions aimed at reducing the severity of PSU among LGB individuals should be designed considering the predictors identified in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Feng Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Chang
- School of Nursing, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen-Jiun Chou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, 32 Dapi Rd. Niaosong Dist, Kaohsiung, 83341, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, and School of Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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7
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Matsunaga M, Ohtsubo Y, Ishii K, Tsuboi H, Suzuki K, Takagishi H. Association between internet addiction, brain structure, and social capital in adolescents. Soc Neurosci 2023; 18:355-364. [PMID: 37772408 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2023.2264543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Of late, internet addiction among adolescents has become a serious problem, with increased internet use. Previous research suggests that the more people become addicted to the internet, the more they isolate themselves from society. Conversely, it has been suggested that abundant social capital (the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society) protects people from becoming addicted to the internet. This study focused on the brain structure of typical adolescents (10-18 years of age) and hypothesized that the size of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which is thought to be associated with self-control ability, is associated with both internet addiction and social capital. Voxel-based morphometry analysis indicated that left DLPFC volume was negatively correlated with the severity of internet addiction and positively correlated with social capital. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated that the severity of internet addiction and social capital were negatively correlated. The statistical association between them was no longer significant when left DLPFC volume was used as a control variable. These results suggest that the left DLPFC may mediate the relationship between social capital and internet addiction in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Matsunaga
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Ohtsubo
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirohito Tsuboi
- Graduate School of Human Nursing, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan
| | - Kohta Suzuki
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Augner C, Vlasak T, Barth A. The relationship between problematic internet use and attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity: A meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 168:1-12. [PMID: 37866293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between problematic internet use (PIU) and ADHD-related symptoms of attention deficit, impulsivity and hyperactivity. METHODS We chose a meta-analytical approach and searched for relevant studies in different databases (Pubmed, PsycInfo, Google scholar). We identified 24 studies with 18 859 participants (mean age = 18.40 (SD = 5.51)) published between 2004 and 2021 which were applicable for our research. We calculated 21, 7, and 9 effect sizes for attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity, respectively. RESULTS We found significant associations between PIU and attention deficit (r = 0.36, 95% confidence interval = [0.28 to 0.43]), hyperactivity (r = 0.44, 95% confidence interval = [0.33 to 0.53]), and impulsivity (r = 0.41, 95% confidence interval = [0.30 to 0.51]), p < .001 for all three. The effect sizes of attention deficit and hyperactivity were significantly higher in male compared to female participants. Additionally, higher attention deficit effects were found in adults compared to children/adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis indicates that ADHD-related symptoms are associated with PIU. Although cross-sectional analyses cannot explain cause-and-effect relationships, we hypothesize that attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity constitute a vulnerability towards PIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Augner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Institute for Human Resources Research in Health Care, University Clinics of Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Thomas Vlasak
- Institute for Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Linz, Austria
| | - Alfred Barth
- Institute for Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Linz, Austria
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Lung FW, Lung H, Chen PF, Shu BC. Dissociative Trait as a Mediator of Problematic Internet Use in Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disabilities. Psychiatr Q 2023; 94:399-410. [PMID: 37326793 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-023-10036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study used data from a national birth cohort study to investigate the duration of internet use at the age of 12 years among children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disabilities (IDs) and learning disabilities (LDs) at the age of five and a half years (66 months) to understand whether an ADHD, ASD, ID and LD diagnosis in childhood increases the risk of problematic internet use (PIU) in adolescence. Furthermore, the pathway relationship of dissociative absorptive trait with PIU and these diagnoses was also investigated. METHODS The 5.5- and 12-year-old Taiwan Birth Cohort Study dataset was used (N = 17,694). RESULTS More boys were diagnosed with LDs, IDs, ADHD and ASD; however, girls were at increased likelihood of PIU. ID and ASD diagnoses were not associated with increasing PIU likelihood. However, children who had been diagnosed with LDs and ADHD, along with higher dissociative absorptive trait, had an indirectly increased likelihood of PIU in adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Dissociative absorption was found to be a mediating factor between childhood diagnosis and PIU and can be used as a screening indicator in prevention programs to reduce the duration and severity of PIU in children diagnosed with ADHD and LDs. Furthermore, with the increased prevalence of smartphone usage in adolescents, education policy-makers should pay greater attention to the issue of PIU in female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- For-Wey Lung
- Calo Psychiatric Center, Pingtung County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Education and Human Development, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Education, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan Lung
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Fei Chen
- Calo Psychiatric Center, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Bih-Ching Shu
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Da-Hsueh Rd, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Jones EE, Reed M, Meyer AH, Gaab J, Ooi YP. Stress, mental health and sociocultural adjustment in third culture kids: exploring the mediating roles of resilience and family functioning. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1093046. [PMID: 37645063 PMCID: PMC10461105 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1093046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This cross-sectional study explores the contributions of personal and contextual factors in the adjustment process of a sample of internationally mobile children and adolescents having relocated to Switzerland. Based on evolutionary developmental theories and recommendations by Research Domain Criteria and The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology theoretical frameworks, we hypothesized and tested a heuristic model of TCK adjustment, aiming to identify prevention and treatment targets tailored for our sampled population. Methods We assessed the relationships in the hypothesized models, particularly how perceived and acculturative stress influence TCK adjustment and whether the relationship between the predictors of TCK stress and the outcomes of TCK adjustment are mediated by resilience and family functioning. A total of 143 participants aged 7-17, having relocated internationally with their working parent(s), recruited in local and international schools in Switzerland, were included in this study. Data were collected using an online survey after we collected consent. We assessed factors of adjustment using validated questionnaires: perceived stress and acculturative stress and the potential mediating roles of family functioning and resilience. We measured the outcome of adjustment through mental health difficulties and sociocultural adjustment. We used path analysis to test the model. Results Results highlight the contributions of perceived stress and acculturative stress to TCK mental health and sociocultural adjustment. We also we found a mediation effect for resilience in the relationship between perceived stress and mental health. Family functioning was not a significant mediator in any relationship that we assessed. Discussion We discuss implications for future research, promoting TCK adjustment and preventative psychotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jens Gaab
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yoon P. Ooi
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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Shen JE, Huang YH, Huang HC, Liu HC, Lee TH, Sun FJ, Huang CR, Liu SI. Psychometric properties of the Chinese Mandarin version of the Borderline Symptom List, short form (BSL-23) in suicidal adolescents. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2023; 10:23. [PMID: 37553717 PMCID: PMC10411024 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-023-00230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The short form of the Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23) is a self-rated instrument developed from the initial 95-item German version of the Borderline Symptom List (BSL-95). It is widely used among Chinese adults, but its applicability, factor structure and validity remain uncertain in adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese Mandarin version of the BSL-23 in a sample of suicidal adolescents. METHODS The Chinese Mandarin BSL-23 was given to 279 outpatient adolescents with self-injurious thoughts or behaviors. The factor structure, reliability, convergent validity, criterion-related validity and cut-off value were investigated. RESULTS The Chinese Mandarin version of the BSL-23 demonstrated a one-factor structure and replicated the original version. The scale had high reliability and good test-retest stability. The Chinese Mandarin BSL-23 was correlated with depression, hopelessness, impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, self-esteem, loneliness, childhood trauma and parental bonding patterns evaluated with a variety of scales. The measure showed good criterion-related validity and predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.87) for self-injurious and suicidal adolescents with borderline personality disorder (BPD) at a cut-off point of 60/61 (mean score 2.60/2.65), with a sensitivity of 0.76 and specificity of 0.83. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese Mandarin version of the BSL-23 is a reliable and valid self-reported instrument to assess BPD symptomatology among suicidal adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-En Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Huang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Sun
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ron Huang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Ing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chung SA, Bae S, Kim HJ, Lee JW, Hwang H, Han DH. Mediating effects of attention problems on the link between parenting style and internet gaming disorder in adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1211889. [PMID: 37575574 PMCID: PMC10412813 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1211889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Positive and negative parenting styles as well as psychiatric comorbidities including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been associated with internet gaming disorder (IGD) in children and adolescents. We hypothesized that ADHD and parenting style would be associated with IGD in adolescents. In addition, psychological status could mediate the link between parenting style and the severity of IGD. Methods A total of 256 adolescents with IGD and 211 healthy internet game players and their mothers participated in the current study. Demographic data, gaming patterns, and psychological status including ADHD were recorded for all adolescents. The parenting style of each adolescent's mother was assessed using the Maternal Behavior Research Instrument (Korean version). Results There were significant differences in the internet game play patterns, psychological status, and parenting styles between the IGD group and healthy internet game players. In the hierarchical logistic regression analysis, higher ADHD scores, less affective parenting styles, and less autonomous parenting styles, were significant predictors of IGD. In the mediation test, the ADHD score was found to mediate the association between affective and autonomous parenting styles and the severity of IGD. Conclusion Attention problems could directly and indirectly mediate the relationship between positive parenting styles and the severity of IGD. Our findings have the potential to aid in the development of treatment plans for IGD and ADHD as well as to contribute to the development of educational resources regarding parenting styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ah Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Woog Lee
- Department of Information and Technology in Sport, College of Sports Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunchan Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee MS, Bhang SY. Attention, Externalizing and Internalizing Problems Mediated Differently on Internet Gaming Disorder Among Children and Adolescents With a Family History of Addiction as an Adverse Childhood Experience. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e221. [PMID: 37431544 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the factors associated with internet gaming disorder (IGD) and the mediating role of pediatric symptoms (attention, externalizing problems and internalizing problems) in children and adolescents with a family history of addiction as an adverse childhood experience (ACE). METHODS A total of 2,586 children and adolescents (mean age = 14.04 ± 2.34; age range = 11-19 years; 50.5% boys) completed the Internet Game Use-Elicited Symptom Screen and the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17. IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was used to calculate descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients and to conduct multiple regression analyses. Mediation analysis was performed using the Sobel test and the SPSS PROCESS macro. Serial multiple mediation analysis was performed using bootstrapping with 5,000 replications. RESULTS The higher levels of Attention problems (β = -0.228, P < 0.001) and externalizing problems (β = -0.213, P < 0.001) were associated with IGD. Furthermore, the indirect effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable through the mediators was significant (Sobel's T: Z = -5.006, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that attention and externalizing problems mediate the effect of family history of addiction on IGD. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the associations among the family history of addiction, IGD, and pediatric symptoms (attention, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems) among Korean children and adolescents. Therefore, we need to pay attention to pediatric symptoms and develop systematic alternatives to improve mental health among Korean children and adolescents with a family history of addiction as ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Bhang
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Gul A, Gul H. Sluggish cognitive tempo (Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome) symptoms are more associated with a higher risk of internet addiction and internet gaming disorder than ADHD symptoms: A study with medical students and resident doctors. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 139:104557. [PMID: 37327573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT), demographic factors, and Internet Addiction (IA) and internet gaming disorder (IGD) among medical students and resident doctors. METHODS The study included 274 medical students and resident doctors. (Ages:18-35, 70.4% female). Fisher exact test, Contingency Table analyses, Mann Whithey-U Test and structural equation model-path analysis were used for analysis. The Sociodemographic Information Form, ASRS Scale, Barkley SCT Scale, Young Internet Addiction Test-Short Form and The Digital Game Addiction Scale were utilized to collect data. RESULTS In the sample, 48 participants (17.51%, 22 female, 26 male) were classified as having a high-risk internet gaming disorder (IGD+), while 53 participants (19.3%, 37 female, 16 male) were classified as having a high-risk internet addiction (IA+). SCT Scale Daydreaming and Sluggishness scores, as well as ASRS Scale Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity ratings, were all substantially higher in high-risk groups (for all, p < 0.05). Instead of age, there was no difference between high and low-risk groups, but men had a significantly greater rate of high risk- IGD (%32.1 vs. 11.4; p = 0.001). Path analysis revealed that while older age has a substantial negative effect (β = -0.37, p = 0.001) on increased risk of IA, Inattention (β = 0.19, p = 0.028), Daydreaming (β = 0.62, p0.001), and Sluggishness ( β = 1.12, p0.001) had significant positive effects. On the other hand, results revealed that male gender (β = 5.08, p0.001), IA scores (β = 0.21, p0.001), and only Sluggishness ( = 0.52, p = 0.002), but not Inattention, Hyperactivity/impulsivity, or Daydreaming, have positive effects on greater risk of internet gaming disorder (IGD). CONCLUSION & IMPLICATIONS Our study is the first to show that SCT symptoms increase the risk of Internet addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder even when ADHD symptoms are controlled. To date, many research have highlighted the necessity of ADHD treatment when evaluating IA and IGD. However, SCT symptoms have a greater impact on people who are predisposed to these behavioral addictions, and despite high comorbidity rates, various treatment approaches for ADHD and SCT are effective. SCT should be kept in mind when assessing treatment-resistant individuals with IA and IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Gul
- Ufuk University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Turkey
| | - Hesna Gul
- Ufuk University, School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Turkey.
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Tateno M, Horie K, Shirasaka T, Nanba K, Shiraishi E, Tateno Y, Kato TA. Clinical Usefulness of a Short Version of the Internet Addiction Test to Screen for Probable Internet Addiction in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4670. [PMID: 36901680 PMCID: PMC10001643 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Internet addiction (IA) is defined as the condition of being addicted to all sorts of activities on the Internet. Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), may be susceptible to IA. Early detection and intervention for probable IA are important to prevent severe IA. In this study, we investigated the clinical usefulness of a short version of the Internet Addiction Test (s-IAT) for the screening of IA among autistic adolescents. The subjects were 104 adolescents with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD. They were requested to answer 20 questions from the original Internet Addiction Test (IAT). In the data analysis process, we comparatively calculated the sum of scores to the 12 questions of s-IAT. In total, 14 of the 104 subjects were diagnosed as having IA based on the face-to-face clinical interview that was regarded as the gold standard. Statistical analysis suggested that the optimal cut-off for s-IAT was at 35. When we applied the cut-off of 70 on the IAT, only 2 of 14 subjects (14.3%) with IA were screened positive, whereas 10 (71.4%) of them were screened by using the cut-off point of 35 on s-IAT. The s-IAT might be useful for the screening of IA in adolescents with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tateno
- Tokiwa Child Development Center, Tokiwa Hospital, Tokiwa 3-1-6-1, Minami-ku, Sapporo 0050853, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608543, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Horie
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shirasaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Teine Keijinkai Medical Center, Maeda 1-12-1-40, Teine-ku, Sapporo 0060811, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nanba
- Tokiwa Child Development Center, Tokiwa Hospital, Tokiwa 3-1-6-1, Minami-ku, Sapporo 0050853, Japan
| | - Eri Shiraishi
- Tokiwa Child Development Center, Tokiwa Hospital, Tokiwa 3-1-6-1, Minami-ku, Sapporo 0050853, Japan
| | - Yukie Tateno
- Tokiwa Child Development Center, Tokiwa Hospital, Tokiwa 3-1-6-1, Minami-ku, Sapporo 0050853, Japan
| | - Takahiro A. Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
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16
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Hajiha Z, Ehsan HB. Qualitative analysis of family interactions with Iranian women with substance use disorder: from before becoming aware of addiction to consecutive relapses. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023; 22:238-259. [PMID: 34126861 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2021.1935380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Family is the most important social institution since birth with which the person has been in direct contact. Family relationships with children play a major role in both the tendency toward substance addiction and the withdrawal of drugs. The present study aimed to examine the form of family interactions with Iranian women with substance use disorder. The method of this research was grounded theory, the sample was 20 women who were referred to Behboud Gostaran Hamgam Women's Addiction Withdrawal Camp in Tehran, in 2018-19 who were selected by theoretical sampling. Five themes of condemning-restrictive family, passive-accepting family, rejecting family, indifferent family, and disoriented family were discovered. The study also resulted in four key periods of time that define the form of family relationships with women with SUD, namely: before becoming aware of addiction, after becoming aware of addiction, after being aware of the first relapse, and after being aware of successive relapses. Finally, during these four time periods, three family interactive models were established for women with SUD: 1) The interactive model of Non-change, 2) The model of adopting a disoriented interactive pattern after changing dysfunctional interactive patterns, 3) The model of returning to the initial interactive pattern after changing the dysfunctional interactive patterns. The relapse is prevented, and the level of efficiency of family and members in the recovery process will be improving by identifying, recognizing, and training the interactive family model with women with SUD.
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Aziz M, Erbad A, Brahim Belhaouari S, Abdelmoneium AO, Al-Harahsheh S, Bagdady A, Ali R. The interplay between adolescents’ Internet addiction and family-related factors: three common patterns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2022.2115307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Aziz
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
| | - Aiman Erbad
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Bagdady
- World Innovation Summit for Education, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raian Ali
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
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AY YILMAZ Y, AYDOĞDU F, KOÇTÜRK N. A Systematic Overview of Adolescents’ Smartphone Habits and Internet Addiction During the COVID-19 Era. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.1064501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to prevent the spread of the virus during the Covid-19 epidemic period, measures such as maintaining social distance, quarantine practices, and keeping schools closed have been taken in many countries. In this process, individuals' internet use has also increased in order to restore interpersonal relationships that have decreased with staying at home. In addition, the transfer of educational activities, which are risky to be carried out face-to-face during the epidemic period, to online platforms, as in many countries, brought about an increase in the time spent on devices with internet providers in adolescents. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the results of studies examining the concepts of internet and smartphone addiction in relation to the use of the internet in the Covid-19 period. In this context, in this systematic review, "What is the status of adolescents' smartphone and internet addictions in the Covid-19 Era?" The question has been tried to be answered. As a result of the searches made in the databases, fourteen studies were reached and these studies were examined in depth. The findings showed that adolescents’ internet/smartphone addictions were higher than before the epidemic, the prevalence of internet/smartphone addictions increased in general, and internet/smartphone addictions were associated with adolescents' mental disorders and problems.
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Lu M, Pang F, Wang R, Liu Y, Peng T. The association between autistic traits and excessive smartphone use in Chinese college students: The chain mediating roles of social interaction anxiety and loneliness. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 131:104369. [PMID: 36306598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study draws upon a large sample of Chinese college students to examine the chain mediating roles of social interaction anxiety and loneliness in the relation between autistic traits and excessive smartphone use. To test our hypothesis that social interaction anxiety and loneliness mediate the relation between autistic traits and excessive smartphone use, we recruited a sample of 1103 college students and asked them to complete an assessment that measured the degrees of autistic traits, social interaction anxiety, loneliness, and excessive smartphone use. The results showed significant correlations among these variables. More autistic traits, which are correlated with higher levels of social interaction anxiety and higher levels of loneliness, were found to be associated with excessive smartphone use. In conclusion, this study highlights the need for screening for excessive smartphone use among college students who demonstrate autistic traits. Social interaction anxiety and loneliness show great potential in screening for excessive smartphone use among college students with high levels of autistic traits. We discuss the practical implications of the findings and directions for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Lu
- Special Education Department, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feifan Pang
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.
| | - Rong Wang
- Special Education Department, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Special Education Department, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianyu Peng
- Special Education Department, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Hayixibayi A, Strodl E, Chen WQ, Kelly AB. Associations Between Adolescent Problematic Internet Use and Relationship Problems in Chinese Families: Findings from a Large-scale Survey. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e35240. [PMID: 36279160 PMCID: PMC9641517 DOI: 10.2196/35240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic internet use (PIU) is prevalent among Chinese adolescents. There is a need to better understand how the quality of parent-adolescent relationship is associated with adolescent PIU to guide the development of effective prevention and early intervention programs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate parent-adolescent conflict and parenting styles as potential risk factors associated with adolescent PIU. METHODS A sample of 6552 students (aged 10-19 years) from 22 schools in Guangdong, China, was recruited. The participants completed self-report questionnaires measuring their perceptions of conflict with their parents (involving verbal conflict, emotional abuse, and physical abuse) as well as their perceptions of their parents' parenting styles (including parental care and parental control as measured by the Parental Bonding Inventory), and PIU using the Adolescent Pathological Internet Use Scale. Grade level and gender were examined as moderators of these associations. RESULTS Using multiple regression analyses, we found that greater mother-adolescent conflict, father-adolescent conflict, and parental control, and lower levels of parental care, were associated with higher levels of adolescent PIU (P<.001). The association between mother-adolescent conflict and PIU was stronger in older students than in younger students (P=.04), whereas the association between father-adolescent conflict and PIU was stronger in male students than in female students (P=.02). Compared with those who reported no mother-adolescent conflict, participants who experienced verbal conflict and emotional abuse, but not physical abuse from their mothers, reported higher levels of PIU (P<.001). Compared with those who reported no father-adolescent conflict, participants who experienced verbal conflict, emotional abuse, and physical abuse from their fathers had significantly higher levels of PIU (P<.001, P<.001, and P=.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings point to the value of interventions to reduce parental verbal conflict, emotional abuse, and physical abuse, and to increase positive parenting styles, to lower the risk of PIU in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimila Hayixibayi
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Tateno M, Matsuzaki T, Takano A, Higuchi S. Increasing important roles of child and adolescent psychiatrists in the treatment of gaming disorder: Current status in Japan. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:995665. [PMID: 36339875 PMCID: PMC9627206 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.995665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Digital gaming is the most common leisure activity among children and adolescents in Japan, especially in males. Playing online gaming has become more common among school-age children over the years. As a result, excessive online gaming in younger children has become a significant social problem in Japan. Previous studies have demonstrated that excessive online gaming could cause various mental health issues in children and adolescents. At medical institutions having child and adolescent psychiatry services, there is an increasing number of children and adolescents with various problems related to excessive gaming. The aim of this study was to investigate the current practice of gaming disorder (GD) in clinical settings in Japan. Methods The subjects of this study were all of 414 child and adolescent psychiatrists certified by the Japanese Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JSCAP). The study questionnaire was mailed to all subjects from the official secretariat of JSCAP. Study subjects were requested to answer the questionnaire anonymously. The survey contained three types of responses: open responses; single and multiple-choice responses; and, responses on a five-point Likert scale. The questionnaire consisted of 14 questions regarding GD. Results We received 159 responses. The most common reason for a visit to child and adolescent psychiatry service which results in a subsequent diagnosis of GD was school refusal/absenteeism followed by disruption of sleep-awake rhythm. The most common specialized treatment for GD currently offered at child and adolescent psychiatry service is individual psychotherapy. The two most frequently experienced difficulties in the treatment of GD were low motivation to achieve recovery and a large variety of combined problems other than excessive gaming itself. With regard to the three most common psychiatric comorbidities of GD, they were autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and depression. Discussion The results of our survey revealed that although GD is a behavioral addiction, many children and adolescents with GD first visit child and adolescent psychiatry clinics rather than specialized clinics for addiction which are usually designed and staffed for adult patients. Because it is known that GD is more prevalent among young males, including junior high and high school students, GD has become one of the most important clinical issues in child and adolescent psychiatry today. The important roles of child and adolescent psychiatrists in the treatment of GD has been increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tateno
- Tokiwa Child Development Center, Tokiwa Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Matsuzaki
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Takano
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
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22
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Üztemur S, Di̇nç E. Academic procrastination using social media: A cross‐sectional study with middle school students on the buffering and moderator roles of self‐control and gender. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Servet Üztemur
- Department of Turkish and Social Sciences Education, Nizip Faculty of Education Gaziantep University Gaziantep Turkey
| | - Erkan Di̇nç
- Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education Anadolu University Eskişehir Turkey
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Chen H, Yan Y, Li C, Zheng X, Wang G, Jin Z, Shi G, He X, Tong X, Chen H, Zhu Z. Inattention and hyperactivity in children and adolescents with repaired D-transposition of the great arteries: Prevalence, perioperative risk factors, and clinical outcomes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:937311. [PMID: 36204574 PMCID: PMC9530033 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.937311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe present study objectives were to determine the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms (ADHD-like symptoms) in children and adolescent with d-transposition of great artery (D-TGA) after arterial switch operation (ASO) and examine associated risk factors and adverse personal, family dysfunctions.MethodsThis cohort study included 103 patients with D-TGA who underwent ASO in early infancy at Shanghai Children’s Medical Center between 2011 and 2016 and then follow-up. Data analysis was conducted from September 2020 to April 2022. A standardized Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV (SNAP-IV) questionnaire is used to evaluate inattention and hyperactivity symptoms. Demographic, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factor were collected. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsPrevalence of ADHD-like symptoms was 27.18% (28/103). Attention-deficit (18/28, 64.29%) symptom was the predominant subphenotype. After underwent TGA surgery, 39% of patients with ADHD-like symptoms receive remedial special academic services. There is none had repeated grade. Univariate analysis showed that, positive inotropic drug score (P = 0.03) and delayed sternal closure (P = 0.02) were risk factors of ADHD-like symptoms; increased preoperative oxygen saturation (SpO2) (P = 0.01) and surgical height (P = 0.01) and TGA subtype (VSD) (P = 0.02) were protective factor of ADHD-like symptoms. Multivariable analysis showed that delayed sternal closure (DSC) (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.02–2.18) is a risk factor for the occurrence of ADHD-like symptom while increased preoperative oxygen saturation [odds ratio (OR), 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.92–0.99] is a protective factor of ADHD-like symptom.ConclusionThe children and adolescents with D-TGA after ASO were at high risk of ADHD-like symptoms. Preoperative hypoxic status and postoperative DSC became predominant risk factors. Modification of the risk factors may be helpful to relieve ADHD-like symptoms for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtong Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Yan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Zheng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghai Wang
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijuan Jin
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guocheng Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Tong
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqun Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongqun Zhu,
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Nannatt A, Tariang NM, Gowda M, Devassy SM. Family Factors Associated with Problematic Use of the Internet in Children: A Scoping Review. Indian J Psychol Med 2022; 44:341-348. [PMID: 35949634 PMCID: PMC9301743 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221090862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Problematic use of the internet (PUI) is a growing concern, particularly in the young population. Family factors influence internet use among children in negative ways. This study examined the existing literature on familial or parental factors related to PUI in children. Methods A scoping review was conducted in EBSCOhost, PubMed, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, Biomed Central, VHL Regional Portal, Cochrane Library, Emerald Insight, and Oxford Academic Journal databases. Studies reporting data on family factors associated with PUI in children, published in English in the 10 years to July 2020 were included. The following data were extracted from each paper by two independent reviewers: methodology and demographic, familial, psychiatric, and behavioral correlates of PUI in children. Results Sixty-nine studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Three themes emerged: parenting, parental mental health, and intrafamilial demographic correlates of PUI in children. Parenting styles, parental mediation, and parent-child attachment were the major parenting correlates. Conclusion Literature on significant familial and parental factors associated with PUI in children is scarce. More research is required to identify the interactions of familial and parental factors with PUI in children, to develop informed management strategies to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Nannatt
- Dept. of Sociology and Social Work, CHRIST
(Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ngaitlang Mary Tariang
- Dept. of Sociology and Social Work, CHRIST
(Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahesh Gowda
- Director and Consultant Psychiatrist,
Spandana Health Care, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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The associations of adolescent problematic internet use with parenting: A meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2022; 135:107423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Choe C, Yu S. The reciprocal relationship between mobile phone dependence and school adaptation in Korean adolescents: Autoregressive cross-lagged modeling. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 228:103628. [PMID: 35661977 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the reciprocal longitudinal effects between mobile phone dependence and school adaptation among Korean adolescents, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. An autoregressive cross-lagged model was applied to a data set from a sample of 1659 adolescents from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. We found that the positive autoregressive effects of mobile phone dependence and school adaptation were statistically significant over the study period. Results from the cross-lagged analyses demonstrated a unidirectional relationship between two variables: Superior school adaptation decreased mobile phone dependence, but mobile phone dependence did not affect school adaptation. Thus, we identified the causal direction and reciprocal relationship between mobile phone dependence and school adaptation. Girls were found to have a higher level of mobile phone dependence than boys did. Furthermore, the higher the household income, the better adolescents adapted to school. Child abuse and neglect played a role in increasing mobile phone dependence and negatively affected school adaptation.
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Fujita J, Aoyama K, Saigusa Y, Miyazaki H, Aoki Y, Asanuma K, Takahashi Y, Hishimoto A. Problematic Internet use and daily difficulties among adolescents with school refusal behaviors: An observational cross-sectional analytical study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28916. [PMID: 35363214 PMCID: PMC9282062 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Problematic Internet use (PIU) is common and likely to coexist with mental health problems among adolescents with school refusal behavior. To date, no study has revealed to what extent PIU relates to the daily burden compared with other mental health problems. This study has examined the association between daily difficulties and PIU among adolescents with school refusal behaviors.This cross-sectional study involved all first-visit patients, regardless of diagnosis, aged 10 to 18 years at 2 child/adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics in Yokohama City, Japan, from April 2016 to March 2018. The Questionnaire-Children with Difficulties (QCD) were obtained from parents. Simultaneously, the severity of PIU was evaluated using the Internet Addiction Test and depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7 scale in the 2 weeks before the first-visit. From 684 first-visit patients, 227 with school refusal behaviors were enrolled in the study.PIU was observed in 40% of adolescents with school refusal behaviors. The QCD scores among patients with PIU were significantly lower than those in patients without PIU. Linear regression analysis revealed relationships between PIU and lower QCD scores throughout the day (except at night) and the total score of the day, after controlling for confounders such as depressive and anxiety symptoms.In conclusion, among adolescents with school refusal behaviors, PIU may affect their parent-assessed daily difficulties particularly experienced throughout the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujita
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kumi Aoyama
- Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saigusa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidehito Miyazaki
- Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Aoki
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuya Asanuma
- Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takahashi
- Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
- Eastern Center of Developmental disorders of Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of psychiatry, Yokohama City university, Yokohama, Japan
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Yu Y, Peng L, Mo PKH, Yang X, Cai Y, Ma L, She R, Lau JTF. Association between relationship adaptation and Internet gaming disorder among first-year secondary school students in China: Mediation effects via social support and loneliness. Addict Behav 2022; 125:107166. [PMID: 34782208 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents encounter numerous challenges and need to restructure their social relationships when they enter secondary schools. Relationship adaptation is critical and failure in adaptation may be associated with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). This novel study investigated the association between relationship adaptation and IGD and related mediation mechanisms via social support and loneliness among first-year secondary school students in Shanghai and Xi'an, China in 2018. Of 2573 participants, the prevalence of IGD was 13.1%. Relationship adaptation, social support, and loneliness were all significantly associated with IGD. The association between relationship adaptation and IGD was fully mediated by three indirect paths, including relationship adaptation → social support → IGD (effect size = 35.5%), relationship adaptation → loneliness → IGD (effect size = 34.3%), and relationship adaptation → social support → loneliness → IGD (effect size = 6.1%). In conclusion, the observed high prevalence of IGD among first-year secondary school students in China was associated with poor relationship adaptation. The full mediation effects via social support and loneliness suggest that modification of these two psychosocial attributes may effectively reduce the harmful impacts of poor relationship adaptation on adolescent IGD. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yu
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luanting Peng
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hangzhou TigerMed Consulting Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Phoenix K H Mo
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui She
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Joseph T F Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Diotaiuti P, Mancone S, Corrado S, De Risio A, Cavicchiolo E, Girelli L, Chirico A. Internet addiction in young adults: The role of impulsivity and codependency. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:893861. [PMID: 36147985 PMCID: PMC9485605 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.893861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive Internet use has demonstrated comorbidity with other psychological symptoms and psychiatric disorders, as well as impairments in the management of daily life, relationships and emotional stability. Recent findings in the literature have consistently supported the relationship between impulsivity and Internet addiction. The present study hypothesized that, in addition to impulsivity, a further predictor of Internet addiction might be relational co-dependency, which is also associated in the literature with addiction phenomena, but mainly substance addiction. This paper investigates the role and predictive weight of impulsivity and codependency on Internet addiction on a sample of young adult university students (n = 481) by using a hierarchical regression analysis. The participants were administered the UADI-2, the BIS-11 and the SFCDS. In terms of percentage distribution, 38 % of the participants were in the dependency range, while 37.7 % demonstrated Internet abuse behavior. The results confirmed the role of impulsiveness (β = 0.312) and added to the literature by showing the significant role of relational codependency (β = 0.275), gender (β = 0.174) and age (β = 0.196). Thus, male participants were more dependent, more impulsive and more co-dependent, with increasing age in the given range (18-30). The present study shed light to the presence of this issue among young adults and that, as a preventive and restraining measure, there is a need not only for targeted awareness-raising programmes but also for interventions to promote greater emotional control and a more balanced management of personal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Diotaiuti
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Stefania Mancone
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Stefano Corrado
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Risio
- Department of Human Studies, Communication, Education, and Psychology, Libera Università Maria SS. Assunta (LUMSA), Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Cavicchiolo
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Laura Girelli
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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30
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Song H. Longitudinal Investigations of Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Path Models Among Internet Use, Executive Function Problems, and Maternal Control in Young Korean Children. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:846995. [PMID: 35656350 PMCID: PMC9152089 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.846995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive Internet use is related to behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions, but little is known about the relationship between them in young elementary school children. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between children's Internet use for entertainment purposes, executive function problems, and maternal control. Differences by children's Internet addiction status in their associations were also examined. Data from Wave 9 (2016) to Wave 11 (2018) of 1,463 children and mothers who participated in the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) were used. The children's ages were 8 (grade 2), 9 (grade 3), and 10 years (grade 4) at Waves 9, 10, and 11, respectively. Associations between the variables were analyzed using autoregressive cross-lagged model estimations and multi-group analysis. The results showed the longitudinal stability of each of children's Internet use, executive function problems, and maternal control over the 3 years. Mutual associations between maternal control and children's Internet use were found especially in the low-risk group. In addition, children's executive function problems positively predicted Internet use, and negative associations from executive function problems to maternal control were significant over the years. However, some of these associations were significant only in the high-risk group. Discussions have focused on the protective role of maternal control and cognitive intervention, which could reduce children's excessive Internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Song
- Department of Child Psychology and Education/Social Innovation Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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31
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Pan L, Xu Q, Kuang X, Zhang X, Fang F, Gui L, Li M, Tefsen B, Zha L, Liu H. Prevalence and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder in healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:572. [PMID: 34781901 PMCID: PMC8591965 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant threats to both the physical and psychological health of healthcare workers working in the front-line combating COVID-19. However, studies regarding the medium to long term impact of COVID-19 on mental health among healthcare workers are limited. Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional survey to investigate the prevalence, factors and impact of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 8 months after the end of the outbreak in Wuhan, China. METHODS A web-based questionnaire was delivered as a link via the communication application WeChat to those healthcare workers who worked at several COVID-19 units during the outbreak (from December 2019 to April 2020) in Wuhan, China. The questionnaire included questions on social-demographic data, the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-5 (PCL-5), the family care index questionnaire (Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve, APGAR), and the quality-of-life scale (QOL). The prevalence, risk and protective factors, and impact of PTSD on healthcare workers were subsequently analyzed. RESULTS Among the 659 participants, 90 healthcare workers were still suffering from PTSD 8 months after the end of the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, in which avoidance and negative impact were the most affected dimensions. Suffering from chronic disease, experiencing social isolation, and job dissatisfaction came up as independent risk factors for PTSD, while obtaining COVID-19 related information at an appropriate frequency, good family function, and working in well-prepared mobile cabin hospitals served as protective factors. The impact of PTSD on COVID-19 exposed healthcare workers was apparent by shortened sleeping time, feeling of loneliness, poorer quality of life and intention to resign. CONCLUSIONS Eight months after the end of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, the level of PTSD in healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 was still high. Apart from the commonly recognized risk factors, comorbid chronic disease was identified as a new independent risk factor for developing PTSD. For countries where the pandemic is still ongoing or in case of future outbreaks of new communicable diseases, this study may contribute to preventing cases of PTSD in healthcare workers exposed to infectious diseases under such circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Pan
- grid.452929.10000 0004 8513 0241Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China
| | - Qiancheng Xu
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei China ,grid.452929.10000 0004 8513 0241Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China
| | - Xia Kuang
- grid.452929.10000 0004 8513 0241Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China
| | - Xiancui Zhang
- grid.452929.10000 0004 8513 0241Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2, West Road of Zheshan, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China
| | - Fengxia Fang
- grid.452929.10000 0004 8513 0241Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China
| | - Liling Gui
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei China
| | - Mei Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Central Hospital of Wuhan Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei China
| | - Boris Tefsen
- grid.488092.f0000 0004 8511 6423Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA
| | - Lei Zha
- Emergency and Critical Care Unit, Conch Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 327, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China. .,Department of Biological Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2, West Road of Zheshan, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
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Kervin R, Berger C, Moon SJ, Hill H, Park D, Kim JW. Behavioral addiction and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 117:104033. [PMID: 34325098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to DSM-5 criteria, Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficiencies in social communication and interaction along with the presence of restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior. Few studies have explored the prevalence of behavioral addiction in individuals with ASD. Since addiction and ASD share common characteristics, individuals with ASD may be more vulnerable to addictive behaviors. Some typical behavioral addictions include internet, gaming, and gambling addiction. While most previous studies on ASD and addiction have looked at chemical addiction, behavioral addiction has not been thoroughly studied to date. AIMS The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of behavioral addiction among individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. METHODS AND PROCEDURES A systematic literature search of five databases was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Search results were reviewed for the predetermined inclusion criteria independently by two authors. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The search yielded 539 publications after the removal of duplicates. 61 met the inclusion criteria for title and abstract review. Full texts were reviewed resulting in an additional 31 being removed. The remaining 30 included 4 case reports and 26 original studies. Results included 27 studies that found a positive correlation (15 of significance, 12 of unknown significance) between a behavioral addiction and either ASD or Autistic traits, 1 found a significant negative correlation, 3 did not find a correlation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This review is inconclusive about links between ASD and behavioral addictions. While a vast majority of studies show a positive correlation, many do not provide the statistical analysis to show if the correlations are significant. In addition, a positive correlation between ASD and behavioral addiction is observed in the presence of comorbid mental health conditions in many of the studies. Further research with proper controls and statistical analysis is needed to determine whether the development of behavioral addiction is directly influenced by ASD or if the presence of a comorbid mental health condition is the true cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kervin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Chelsea Berger
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Sun Jae Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Harrison Hill
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Dongchan Park
- Veteran's MH and Addiction Program, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jung Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Demirtaş OO, Alnak A, Coşkun M. Lifetime depressive and current social anxiety are associated with problematic internet use in adolescents with ADHD: a cross-sectional study. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021; 26:220-227. [PMID: 33277979 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relationships between problematic internet use (PIU) and psychiatric comorbid disorders and internet use habits in a clinical sample of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD This cross-sectional study included 95 adolescents with ADHD. Problematic behaviors and symptoms related to internet use were evaluated via Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS), and subjects with a YIAS score of ≥50 were categorized as PIU while those with a score of <50 were defined as normal internet use (NIU). The two groups were compared with respect to demographics and psychometric tests. While psychiatric disorders were examined by a semistructured instrument, self-report and parent-report scales were used to assess other individual and clinical characteristics of participants. RESULTS 33.7% (n = 32) of the participants were determined to have PIU. There was no gender (p = .058) or age (p = .426) difference between the PIU and NIU groups. Current presence of social phobia (p = .035) and history of major depressive disorder (p = .006) were more frequent in the PIU group than the NIU group. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that PIU was independently associated with online gaming (OR: 2.375, 95% CI: 1.532-3.681), e-mail use (OR: 1.864, 95% CI: 1.170-2.971), social networking (OR: 1.834, 95% CI: 1.156-2.910), and Social Phobia Scale for Children and Adolescents (SPSCA) score (OR: 1.058, 95% CI: 1.020-1.098). CONCLUSION PIU may be common among adolescents with ADHD. The severity of social phobia and particular online activities (playing online games, e-mailing, social networking) may be associated with a higher risk of PIU in adolescents with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Onder Demirtaş
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, SBÜ Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Alper Alnak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Coşkun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Affiliate Stigma in Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Roles of Stress-Coping Orientations and Parental Child-Rearing Styles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179004. [PMID: 34501592 PMCID: PMC8430709 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Affiliate stigma may increase the risks of negative parenting and psychological and depressive problems in caregivers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Evaluating affiliate stigma and determining how to reduce it are crucial to promoting mental health in caregivers and their children with ADHD. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of stress-coping orientations and parental child-rearing styles with the risk of high affiliate stigma in caregivers of children with ADHD in Taiwan. Affiliate stigma, stress-coping orientations, and parental child-rearing styles were assessed. The results of univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that caregivers’ gender, depressive symptoms, four orientations of stress coping, and two parenting styles, and children’s high severities of internalizing, externalizing, and ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with high affiliate stigma. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that after controlling for caregivers’ gender, depressive symptoms, and children’s severity of internalizing, externalizing, and ADHD symptoms, caregivers with high orientation of seeking social support were less likely to have high affiliate stigma than those with low orientation of seeking social support; the caregivers with high care and affection parenting were less likely to have high affiliate stigma than those with low care and affection parenting, whereas the caregivers with high overprotection parenting were more likely to have high affiliate stigma than those with low overprotection parenting. Intervention programs targeting caregiver affiliate stigma must consider various coping orientations and parental child-rearing styles in their approach.
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Ni HC, Lin HY, Chen YL, Hung J, Wu CT, Wu YY, Liang HY, Chen RS, Shur-Fen Gau S, Huang YZ. 5-day Multi-Session Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation over Bilateral Posterior Superior Temporal Sulci in Adults with Autism-a Pilot Study. Biomed J 2021; 45:696-707. [PMID: 34358713 PMCID: PMC9486126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Theta burst stimulation (TBS), a patterned repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocol with shorter simulation duration and lower stimulus intensity, could be a better protocol for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our study aimed to explore the impacts of intermittent TBS (iTBS) over the bilateral posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) on intellectually able adults with ASD. Methods In this randomized, single-blinded, sham-controlled crossover trial, 13 adults with ASD completed iTBS for 5 consecutive days over the bilateral pSTS and inion (as a sham control) in a 16-weeks interval and in a randomly assigned order. The neuropsychological function was measured with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) for cognitive flexibility while the clinical outcomes were measured with both self-rate and parents-rate Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) before and after 5-day iTBS interventions. Results The results revealed significantly immediate effects of multi-session iTBS over the bilateral pSTS on parent-rate autistic symptoms in adults with ASD. The post-hoc analysis revealed the impacts of multi-session iTBS on cognitive flexibility were affected by baseline social-communicative impairment and baseline cognitive performance. Besides, the impacts of multi-session iTBS on clinical symptoms was affected by the concurrent psychotropic medication use and baseline autistic symptoms. Conclusions Given the caveat of the small sample size and discrepancy of multiple informants, this pilot study suggests the therapeutic potential of 5-day multi-session iTBS over the pSTS in adults with ASD. Individual factors modulating the response to rTMS should be explicitly considered in the future trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre & Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - June Hung
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan; Medical School, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Brandhorst I, Renner T, Barth GM. [Parental factors in internet and computer game addiction in adolescence: An overview]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2021; 50:37-50. [PMID: 34238056 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parental factors in internet and computer game addiction in adolescence: An overview Abstract. Objective: Internet-related disorders (IRD) in adolescents and young adults are closely linked to family factors. However, few research and review articles include the family. To this end, N = 87 scientific papers were integrated into the literature review. Method: The present work gives an overview of parental factors that can be involved in the development, maintenance, and reduction of symptoms. Results: The literature provides clear connections between the parent-child relationship and IRD in adolescents and young adults. The quality of parent-child communication appears to be a promising approach for influencing IRD symptoms. There are indications that, at least for some families, encouraging the time spent together could be helpful. Regarding educational aspects, a distinction should be made between different areas. Parental knowledge and control of internet use seem to be protective factors. The effect of rules and restrictions, however, is unclear. Conclusions: To change IRD symptoms, it makes sense to improve the parent-child relationship. However, the ways to achieve that have hardly been explored. Recommendations regarding parenting strategies (e. g., rules and restrictions) should be formulated very carefully, as the effects are still unclear. The integration of parents in prevention and intervention efforts is advocated by many researchers, but there only individual studies have considered parents in the context of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Brandhorst
- Abteilung Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - Tobias Renner
- Abteilung Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - Gottfried Maria Barth
- Abteilung Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
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Werling AM, Walitza S, Drechsler R. Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on screen media use in patients referred for ADHD to child and adolescent psychiatry: an introduction to problematic use of the internet in ADHD and results of a survey. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1033-1043. [PMID: 33885969 PMCID: PMC8060336 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown have been associated with multiple consequences for mental health, including an excessive and potentially harmful increase in screen media use. The specific consequences for children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD are still unknown. In the first part of this study, a short review of problematic use of the internet (PUI) in ADHD is presented, showing that patients with ADHD are at risk for different aspects of PUI, such as excessive gaming or problematic social media use. In the second part, we report original data of an online survey on screen media use before, during and after the lockdown completed by parents of children and adolescents clinically referred for ADHD. Parents rated children's/adolescents' media-related behavior and media time on a new screening questionnaire for PUI. Each item was rated three times, referring to the observed behavior before, during and 1-2 months after the lockdown. N = 126 parents of patients referred for ADHD aged 10-18 years participated in the study. Total media time increased by 46% during the lockdown and did not completely return to pre-Corona levels afterwards. Patients with difficulties concentrating, high irritability or deterioration of ADHD problems under lockdown spent more time with screen media than those with milder or no such problems. While the effects of the lockdown on screen media use and its negative impact on everyday life appear to be largely reversible, a small proportion of patients with ADHD apparently continue to show increased media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Werling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, Neuropsychology, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Eisengasse 16, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, Neuropsychology, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Eisengasse 16, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renate Drechsler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, Neuropsychology, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Eisengasse 16, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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Juthamanee S, Gunawan J. Factors related to Internet and game addiction among adolescents: A scoping review. BELITUNG NURSING JOURNAL 2021; 7:62-71. [PMID: 37469945 PMCID: PMC10353650 DOI: 10.33546/bnj.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding factors influencing Internet and game addiction in children and adolescents is very important to prevent negative consequences; however, the existing factors in the literature remain inconclusive. Objective This study aims to systematically map the existing literature of factors related to Internet and game addiction in adolescents. Methods A scoping review was completed using three databases - Science Direct, PROQUEST Dissertations and Theses, and Google Scholar, which covered the years between 2009 to July 2020. Quality appraisal and data extraction were presented. A content analysis was used to synthesize the results. Results Ultimately, 62 studies met inclusion criteria. There were 82 associated factors identified and grouped into 11 categories, including (1) socio-demographic characteristics, (2) parental and family factors, (3) device ownership, Internet access and location, social media, and the game itself, (4) personality/traits, psychopathology factors, self-efficacy, (5) education and school factors, (6) perceived enjoyment, (7) perceived benefits, (8) health-compromising behaviors, (9) peers/friends relationships and supports, (10) life dissatisfaction and stress, and (11) cybersafety. Conclusion Internet and game addiction among adolescents are multifactorial. Nurses should consider the factors identified in this study to provide strategies to prevent and reduce addiction in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joko Gunawan
- Belitung Raya Foundation, East Belitung, Bangka Belitung, Indonesia
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Huang YS, Yeh CB, Chen CH, Shang CY, Gau SSF. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Way Crossover Clinical Trial of ORADUR-Methylphenidate for Treating Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2021; 31:164-178. [PMID: 33395356 PMCID: PMC8066345 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2020.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Methylphenidate (MPH) is efficacious in reducing symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but there are no data about the efficacy and safety of its new formulation (ORADUR®-MPH extended release, ORADUR-MPH) in patients with ADHD, which is the study objective. Method: This was a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover clinical trial. One hundred children and adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD (72.7% male) received at least one dose of ORADUR-MPH or a placebo during the 2-week treatment period of each phase. The primary efficacy measure was the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV-teacher (SNAP-IV-T) form. Secondary efficacy measures included the SNAP-IV-parent form, the Clinical Global Impression: ADHD-Severity score, the Conner's Teacher's Rating Scale score, and the investigator's rating for 18 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition ADHD symptoms. In addition, data related to vital signs, body weight, physical examination, laboratory testing, and adverse events (AEs) were also collected. All data were analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis. Results: Without adjusting for differences in demographics and baseline measures, both treatment groups showed significant reductions in ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms after a 2-week treatment with greater effect sizes (Cohen's d) in the ORADUR-MPH group (Cohen's d ranging from -0.41 to -1.64; placebo, Cohen's d ranging from -0.26 to -1.18), except for oppositional symptoms, regardless of the informants. For the primary efficacy measure, ORADUR-MPH was significantly superior to the placebo, as evidenced by lower values for and greater reductions in the SNAP-IV-T scores at the endpoint (Cohen's d = -0.16, p = 0.005) and from baseline to the endpoint (Cohen's d = -0.19, p = 0.006), respectively. There were no serious AEs during the clinical study period. The most frequently observed AE was decreased appetite (49.1%). Most physical and laboratory test variables remained within the normal range. Conclusions: Once-daily ORADUR-MPH is an effective, well-tolerable, and safe treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02450890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shu Huang
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Bin Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital and University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yung Shang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Address correspondence to: Susan Shur-Fen Gau, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
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40
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Wang CC, Weng WC, Chang LY, Chang HY, Wu MH, Wang JK, Lu CW, Lin MT, Chen CA, Chiu SN. Increased prevalence of inattention-related symptoms in a large cohort of patients with congenital heart disease. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:647-655. [PMID: 32394091 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and risk factors for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a large cohort of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Patients (n = 695) with CHD who were aged 6-15 years and visited the outpatient clinics in our hospital from June 2015 to May 2017 were enrolled. Their medical records were collected, and the Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham rating scale (SNAP-IVc) and a questionnaire about neuropsychiatric care-seeking behavior were completed by parents and counselors. Of the 695 patients, the overall prevalence of ADHD was 12.4%, including 3.2% for the combined subtype, 6.8% for the inattentive-predominant subtype, and 2.4% for the hyperactivity/impulsive-predominant subtype. Only the inattention-predominant subtype was significantly more prevalent than in the general population. The prevalence of the inattention-predominant subtype was highest in the patients with cyanotic CHD, high severity index, and in those who had received surgery or cardiopulmonary bypass. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the risk factors for inattention-related symptoms included postoperative seizure and previous cardiopulmonary bypass (odds ratio: 3.22 and 3.82; P = 0.027 and < 0.001, respectively). Only 58.7% of the patients with probable ADHD ever sought neuropsychiatric care, and only 27% regularly attended neuropsychiatric clinics. The inattention-predominant subtype of ADHD was more prevalent in our CHD patients, especially in those with cyanotic CHD, higher disease severity index, and in those who had undergone a surgical intervention. The percentage of patients receiving regular neuropsychiatric clinic follow-up was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ching Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Yin Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hwan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Kou Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tai Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Shuenn-Nan Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Autism, Problematic Internet Use and Gaming Disorder: A Systematic Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-021-00243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study investigated the association between autism and problematic internet use (PIU) and gaming disorder (GD). A systematic literature search was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A total of 2286 publications were screened, and 21 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the review. The majority of the studies found positive associations between PIU and subclinical autistic-like traits with weak and moderate effect sizes and between PIU and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with varying effect sizes. Additionally, individuals with ASD were more likely to exhibit symptoms of GD with moderate and strong effect sizes. Future research would benefit from high-quality studies examining GD and PIU at a clinical level and their relationship with both clinical and subclinical autism.
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42
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Özaslan A, Yıldırım M, Güney E, Güzel HŞ, İşeri E. Association Between Problematic Internet Use, Quality of Parent-Adolescents Relationship, Conflicts, and Mental Health Problems. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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43
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Chen C, Yang C, Nie Q. Social-Emotional Learning Competencies and Problematic Internet Use among Chinese Adolescents: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063091. [PMID: 33802858 PMCID: PMC8002824 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To advance the understanding about social-cognitive factors related to Chinese adolescents’ experience with problematic Internet use (PIU), we examined the associations between social-emotional learning (SEL) competencies (i.e., responsible decision-making, social awareness, self-management, self-awareness, and social relationship) and problematic Internet use (PIU) among 1141 11th grade high school students from Southwest China. Through comparing the latent means of PIU across students with different demographic background (i.e., gender, social-economic status, left-behind status), the study found that male students endorsed higher levels of overall PIU and more problematic time management with Internet use than female students. No latent PIU mean differences were observed across family income and students’ left-behind status. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) while controlling for demographic factors, overall SEL competencies were found to have a significantly negative association with PIU. Meanwhile, all five SEL domains were also negatively associated with students’ PIU. The findings imply the importance of fostering SEL competencies in preventing PIU among Chinese adolescents. The study provides important practical implications for informing school-based SEL competencies programs for PIU prevention among Chinese youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Graduate School of Education, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Qian Nie
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
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44
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Kocyigit S, Guzel HS, Acikel B, Cetinkaya M. Comparison of Smartphone Addiction Level, Temperament and Character and Parental Attitudes of Adolescents with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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45
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Duong XL, Liaw SY, Augustin JLPM. How has Internet Addiction been Tracked Over the Last Decade? A Literature Review and 3C Paradigm for Future Research. Int J Prev Med 2021; 11:175. [PMID: 33456731 PMCID: PMC7804875 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_212_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The popularity of the internet aggravated by its excessive and uncontrolled use has resulted in psychological impairment or addiction. Internet addiction is hypothesized as an impulse-control disorder of internet use having detrimental impacts on daily life functions, family relationships, and emotional stability. The goal of this review is to provide an exhaustive overview of the empirical evidence on internet addiction and draw attention to future research themes. Methods: We performed a literature search on ScienceDirect and PubMed to review original research articles with empirical evidence published on peer-reviewed international journals from 2010 to 2019. Eight hundred and 26 articles were eligible for analysis. Frequency and descriptive statistics were calculated by Microsoft Excel. Results: A substantial contribution has been coming from researchers from China, Turkey, Korea, Germany, and Taiwan respectively. Despite controversies regarding its definition and diagnostic procedures, internet addiction has become the focal point of a myriad of studies that investigated this particular phenomenon from different exposures. Given observed literature review data regarding research design, data acquisition, and data analysis strategies, we proposed the 3C paradigm which emphasizes the necessity of research incorporating cross-disciplinary investigation conducted on cross-cultural settings with conscientious cross-validation considerations to gain a better comprehension of internet addiction. Conclusions: The findings of the present literature review will serve both academics and practitioners to develop new solutions for better characterize internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Lam Duong
- Faculty of Economics and Rural Development, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam.,Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Liaw
- Management College, Computer Centre, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung City, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Luc Pradel Mathurin Augustin
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung City, Taiwan
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Shan X, Ou Y, Ding Y, Yan H, Chen J, Zhao J, Guo W. Associations Between Internet Addiction and Gender, Anxiety, Coping Styles and Acceptance in University Freshmen in South China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:558080. [PMID: 34135779 PMCID: PMC8200474 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.558080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Internet addiction (IA) has become a global public health issue. Although previous studies revealed several risk factors related to IA, most of them focused on the western societies. The present study assesses the relationships between gender and other factors with IA in university freshmen in the South China. Methods: A total of 3,380 first-year college students (1,995 males and 1,385 females) participated in an evaluation of their experiences surfing on the Internet. We investigated the severity of IA in the participants by considering their psychological characteristics, such as acceptance, anxiety levels, and coping styles. Then, we compared the results between males and females and between those in addiction group (Chinese Internet Addiction Scale, CIAS, scores≥64) and non-addiction group (CIAS scores ≤27). We also conducted a logistic regression analysis to detect the relationships between severity of IA and psychological characteristics and gender differences. Results: We observed that males showed significantly higher scores in CIAS than females. The addiction group exhibited significantly higher state anxiety and trait anxiety, and experienced less acceptance of self and others and acceptance by others, and adopted less positive coping style and preferred negative coping style than non-addiction group. The logistic regression analysis revealed that three factors (negative coping styles, acceptance of self and others, state anxiety levels) had a significant association with more severe IA. Conclusion: Gender differences affect the severity of IA in the first-year students in South China. Males with state anxiety and negative coping styles deserve attention because they are likely to be addicted to the Internet. Thus, health practitioners should perform efficient strategies while considering gender differences to precaution first-year college students with the risk factors for IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yudan Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
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Lo CKM, Yu L, Cho YW, Chan KL. A Qualitative Study of Practitioners' Views on Family Involvement in Treatment Process of Adolescent Internet Addiction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:E86. [PMID: 33374348 PMCID: PMC7795326 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite emerging evidence of the effectiveness of a family-focused approach as an Internet addiction (IA) treatment modality for adolescents, little research has been done to explore family involvement in the treatment process from the clinician's perspective. This study employed a qualitative design to examine practitioners' views pertaining to the roles and challenges of family participation in IA intervention. In total, 10 practitioners working with adolescents with IA were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcribed interviews. Three overreaching themes were synthesized: That family involvement in IA intervention is challenging yet important; shifting the focus from the adolescent to the relationship; and provision of individualized services and intervention to address the heterogeneous nature of cases. The findings show that family participation in IA treatment is successful in enhancing positive outcomes. The needs of adolescents with IA and family members are addressed through individual counseling and psychoeducation, respectively. Conjoint therapy sessions foster effective communication, improve family interactions and functioning, and restore relationships. However, caution regarding family dynamics is required when considering whether family involvement is appropriate. Practitioners need to establish therapeutic alliances and be flexible when working with family members in terms of the degree and arrangement of participation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ko Ling Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (C.K.M.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.W.C.)
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Kawabe K, Hosokawa R, Nakachi K, Yoshino A, Horiuchi F, Ueno SI. Excessive and Problematic Internet Use During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 School Closure: Comparison Between Japanese Youth With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Public Health 2020; 8:609347. [PMID: 33392143 PMCID: PMC7773910 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.609347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet use in the youth has increased manifold during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) generally have a higher risk of problematic internet use. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in internet and related digital media use between children with ASD and their typically developing counterparts during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this online survey in Japan conducted from April 30 to May 8, 2020, we analyzed digital media time of 84 children with ASD and 361 age- and gender-matched controls before and after school closure. Digital media use duration was significantly longer in the ASD group than in the control group before the pandemic. The increase of media use time was more prominent in the control group than in the ASD group. We observed excessive Internet use among children with ASD and without ASD, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to establish strategies to prevent excessive internet use in not only children and adolescents with ASD but also without ASD in the post-pandemic world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kawabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | - Rie Hosokawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Nakachi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | - Fumie Horiuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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Su W, Han X, Yu H, Wu Y, Potenza MN. Do men become addicted to internet gaming and women to social media? A meta-analysis examining gender-related differences in specific internet addiction. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fernández-Aliseda S, Belzunegui-Eraso A, Pastor-Gosálbez I, Valls-Fonayet F. Compulsive Internet and Prevalence Substance Use among Spanish Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238747. [PMID: 33255602 PMCID: PMC7728152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper analyses compulsive Internet use among Spanish adolescents as measured by the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) of the ESTUDES 2016 survey (national survey on drug use in secondary schools), which was recently added to the statistical programme of the Spanish National Plan on Drugs. We examined two subsamples of Spanish adolescents (those who suffer from compulsive Internet use and those who do not) while taking into account gender and age. Our general hypothesis was that adolescents who suffer from compulsive Internet use have a greater prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, sedative, and new substance consumption as well as a greater prevalence of modes of consumption such as getting drunk, drinking with friends in public places (botellón), and binge drinking. While our results confirm these assumptions, they also suggest that gender and age play an ambivalent role in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fernández-Aliseda
- History Department (Sociology Section), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain; (S.F.-A.); (I.P.-G.)
| | - Angel Belzunegui-Eraso
- Medical Anthropology Research Centre, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Inma Pastor-Gosálbez
- History Department (Sociology Section), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain; (S.F.-A.); (I.P.-G.)
- Medical Anthropology Research Centre, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
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