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Garagnon J, Naffrechoux E, Perrette Y, Dumont E, Branchu P, Querleux J, Monvoisin G, Pin M, Tisserand D, Pons-Branchu E. Impact of land-use on PAH transfer in sub-surface water as recorded by CaCO 3 concretions in urban underground structures (Paris, France). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124437. [PMID: 38925218 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In densely populated urban areas, the pressure on water resources is considerable and will tend to intensify over the next decades. Preserving water resources therefore seems fundamental, but many questions remain as to the transfer of contaminants to subsurface waters in these largely sealed areas. Because of their toxicity and persistence in the environment, this work focused on the study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ubiquitous pollutants mainly produced by human activities. To better understand the main factors leading to the retention or transport of these pollutants in urban environments, vertical transects, from the surface to several meters down, were established on three study sites in or near Paris (France), selected according to an urbanization gradient. Soil samples collected at the surface and urban secondary carbonate deposits (USCD), similar to cave speleothems, sampled underground in quarries and aqueducts were analyzed. As the hydrophobic properties of PAHs favor their sorption onto organic matter, the latter was also studied using organic carbon analysis and UV fluorescence spectroscopy. The USCD located closest to the urbanized surface contained high concentrations of PAHs (76.8 ± 5.3 ng g-1), while the USCD located at greater depth with organic soil on the surface contained the lowest amount of PAHs (2.9 ± 0.4 ng g-1), and no PAHs with log KOC > 5. The results highlight the predominant role played by the presence of organic topsoil at the surface in retaining and storing large amounts of PAHs (1914-2595 ng. gsoil-1), particularly the most hydrophobic ones (i.e. 60% of the 15 PAHs are characterized by a Log KOC >5), which are also the most toxic. The lithology and thickness of the bedrock (between the surface and the USCD) also play an important role in the retention of PAHs, particularly those adsorbed on the particulate phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Garagnon
- LSCE/IPSL, UMR 8212 (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Orme des Merisiers F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; EDYTEM (CNRS/USMB), Bâtiment Pole Montagne, Campus Scientifique, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac Cedex, France.
| | - Emmanuel Naffrechoux
- EDYTEM (CNRS/USMB), Bâtiment Pole Montagne, Campus Scientifique, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac Cedex, France
| | - Yves Perrette
- EDYTEM (CNRS/USMB), Bâtiment Pole Montagne, Campus Scientifique, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Dumont
- CEREMA: TEAM - 12 Rue Teisserenc de Bort, 78197 TRAPPES-en-Yvelines Cedex; and 58 rue Roger Salengro - Boîte 121 Immeuble Dolomites - Bât. D / 94120 Fontenay-sous-Bois France
| | - Phillipe Branchu
- CEREMA: TEAM - 12 Rue Teisserenc de Bort, 78197 TRAPPES-en-Yvelines Cedex; and 58 rue Roger Salengro - Boîte 121 Immeuble Dolomites - Bât. D / 94120 Fontenay-sous-Bois France
| | - Jules Querleux
- IGC, Inspection générale des Carrières, 86 rue Regnault, 75013, France
| | - Gael Monvoisin
- Laboratoire GEOPS, Université. Paris Saclay, UMR 8148 CNRS - Université Paris Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Pin
- EDYTEM (CNRS/USMB), Bâtiment Pole Montagne, Campus Scientifique, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac Cedex, France
| | - Delphine Tisserand
- ISTerre, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Edwige Pons-Branchu
- LSCE/IPSL, UMR 8212 (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Orme des Merisiers F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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2
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Ma X, Cooper P, Shi H, Osprey M, Riach D, Paton GI, Xiong Q, Zhou X, Zhang Z. Temporal trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils amended with sludge, compost, and manure in a Scotland pasture: An 8-year field experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124614. [PMID: 39059699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
To optimize the effective utilization of organic waste in agricultural practices, a comprehensive assessment of associated risks and benefits is crucial. This study investigated the impact of three types of organic wastes (sludge, compost, and manure) on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil in a Scottish pasture. The experimental setup comprised 16 plots with four treatments (compost, manure, sludge, and inorganic fertilizer) and four replicates. After eight years of this study, notable disparities in ΣPAH16 concentrations were observed among the different treatments, with compost-amended soil at 378 μg kg-1, sludge-amended soil at 331 μg kg-1, and manure-amended soil at 223 μg kg-1. The concentrations of ΣPAH16 in soil amended with compost and sludge exhibited a linear increase with extended sampling time. Significant changes in ΣPAH16 concentration were evident in the compost treatment plot, with an increase of 20% in the first year and 82% in the eighth year. Risk assessment suggested a low level of health risk from exposure to PAHs at the measured concentrations in the three organic wastes. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of considering the effects of organic waste amendments on soil PAH levels to make informed decisions in sustainable agricultural practices. It also underscores the need for ongoing research to fully understand the implications of different organic waste applications on soil health and environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, 11 Cihu Road, Huangshi, 435002, PR China
| | - Patricia Cooper
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Heliang Shi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Mark Osprey
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - David Riach
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Graeme I Paton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Qiao Xiong
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, 11 Cihu Road, Huangshi, 435002, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, 11 Cihu Road, Huangshi, 435002, PR China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK.
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3
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Dai X, Ai Y, Wu Y, Li Z, Kang N, Zhang T, Tao Y. Multiple exposure pathways and health risk assessment of PAHs in Lanzhou city, a semi-arid region in northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118867. [PMID: 38593936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In the sparse studies for multiple pathway exposure, attention has predominantly been directed towards developed regions, thereby overlooking the exposure level and health outcome for the inhabitants of the semi-arid regions in northwest China. However, cities within these regions grapple with myriad challenges, encompassing insufficient sanitation infrastructure and outdated heating. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in PM2.5, water, diet, and dust during different periods in Lanzhou, and estimated corresponding carcinogenic health risk through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption. Our observations revealed the concentrations of PAHs in PM2.5, food, soil, and water are 200.11 ng m-3, 8.67 mg kg-1, 3.91 mg kg-1, and 14.5 ng L-1, respectively, indicating that the Lanzhou area was seriously polluted. Lifetime incremental cancer risk (ILCR) showed a heightened cancer risk to men compared to women, to the younger than the elderly, and during heating period as opposed to non-heating period. Notably, the inhalation was the primary route of PAHs exposure and the risk of exposure by inhalation cannot be ignored. The total environmental exposure assessment of PAHs can achieve accurate prevention and control of PAHs environmental exposure according to local conditions and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dai
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yunrui Ai
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yancong Wu
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Zhenglei Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Ning Kang
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yan Tao
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Ivashchenko K, Gavrichkova O, Korneykova M, Vasenev V, Salnik N, Saltan N, Sarzhanov D, Babenko E, Urabova S, Slukovskaya M, Zavodskikh M, Gorbov S, Petrov D, Dolgikh A, Yu S, Vasileva M, Skripnikov P, Ryzhkov O, Nikerova K, Sushko S, Ananyeva ND, Bochko T, Kuzyakov Y. Extension of the soil monitoring network via tea bag initiatives: A 3000 km latitudinal gradient in European Russia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171881. [PMID: 38531454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The increasing popularity and recognition of citizen science approaches to monitor soil health have promoted the idea to assess soil microbial decomposition based on a standard litter sample - tea bags. Although tea bag initiatives are expanding across the world, the global datasets remain biased in regard to investigating regions and biomes. This study aimed to expand the tea bag initiative to European Russia, which remains a "white spot" on the tea bag index map. We also added urban soils into the analysis, which were underestimated previously. We compared the standard and local tea brands to explore possible adaptations of the standard approach to regions with limited access to standard tea brands. The established monitoring network included natural and urban sites in six vegetation zones along a 3000 km latitudinal gradient. There was a very close linear relationship (R2 = 0.94-0.98) in the mass loss of alternative and standard tea litter. The mass loss of green tea in soil along the latitudinal gradient showed an increasing trend from north to south. Variations in the microbial decomposition of green tea were mainly explained by the latitudinal gradient, with low soil temperature identified as key factors hampering decomposition. Mass loss of the more recalcitrant rooibos tea was mainly determined via land use, with decomposition rates on average 1.3 times higher in urban soils. This pattern was in line with higher soil temperatures and pH in urban sites compared to natural counterparts. The findings of our study could prove valuable in extending the tea bag network of soil decomposition assessment into broader territories, including urban areas. Additionally, they could facilitate the involvement of citizen science and complete the database for C cycle modeling depending on climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ivashchenko
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia; Agrarian and Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O Gavrichkova
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Porano, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy.
| | - M Korneykova
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia; Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia
| | - V Vasenev
- Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - N Salnik
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - N Saltan
- Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia
| | - D Sarzhanov
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Babenko
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - S Urabova
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - M Slukovskaya
- Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia
| | - M Zavodskikh
- Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia
| | - S Gorbov
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - D Petrov
- Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Dolgikh
- Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sotnikova Yu
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Vasileva
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Skripnikov
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - O Ryzhkov
- V.V. Alekhin Central Chernozem State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Kursk district, Zapovedny settlement, Russia
| | - K Nikerova
- Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - S Sushko
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia; Agrarian and Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N D Ananyeva
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - T Bochko
- Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Y Kuzyakov
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia; University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Bensadi L, Azzoug M, Benslimane A, Benlaribi R, Bouledouar S, Merzeg FA. Distribution, levels, sources and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the bottom sediments of a Mediterranean river under multiple anthropopressures (Soummam River), Algeria. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116416. [PMID: 38669853 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The Soummam River, a vital watercourse in Algeria is threatened by anthropogenic activities despite its protected wetland status. This study is the first to assess sediment pollution in the Soummam River, examining levels, compositions, sources of 16 PAHs and their effects on the environment and human health. Analysis employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and molecular diagnostic ratios pointed to petrogenic sources, likely stemming from petroleum leaks originating from aging pipeline and vehicles, as well as pyrogenic sources arising from vehicle exhaust and biomass combustion. Environmental and health risks were assessed through risk quotients (RQ), Sediments Quality Guidelines (SQG) and Total Lifetime Cancer Risk (TLCR). Ecological risk was found to range from moderate to high, with anticipated biological impacts, while cancer risk was deemed low. Toxicity assessment, measured by TEQ, revealed that the majority of monitoring stations exceeded safe levels. Consequently, urgent action by local authorities is warranted to implement ecosystem rehabilitation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Bensadi
- Université de Bejaia, Faculté de Technologie, Laboratoire des Procédés Membranaires et des Techniques de Séparation et de Récupération (LPMTSR), 06000 Bejaia, Algeria.
| | - Moufok Azzoug
- Université de Bejaia, Faculté de Technologie, Laboratoire des Procédés Membranaires et des Techniques de Séparation et de Récupération (LPMTSR), 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Abdelhakim Benslimane
- Université de Bejaia, Faculté de Technologie, Laboratoire Mécanique, Matériaux et Energétique, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Rabia Benlaribi
- Institut National de Criminalistique et de Criminologie de la Gendarmerie Nationale (INCC/GN), Cheraga, Algeria
| | - Samira Bouledouar
- Université de Bejaia, Faculté de Technologie, Laboratory of Materials and Process Engineering (LTMGP), 06000 Bejaia, Algeria; Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physical and Chemical Analyses (CRAPC), BP 384 Bou-Ismail, RP 42004 Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Farid Ait Merzeg
- Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physical and Chemical Analyses (CRAPC), BP 384 Bou-Ismail, RP 42004 Tipaza, Algeria; Research Unit in Physico-Chemical Analyzes of Fluids and Soils (URAPC-FS), 11 Chemin, Doudou Mokhtar, Ben Aknoun, 16028 Alger, Algeria; Technical Platform for Physico-chemical Analyzes (PTAPC-Bejaia), Targa Ouzemmour, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
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Fletcher J, Noghanibehambari H. The Siren Song of Cicadas: Early-Life Pesticide Exposure and Later-Life Male Mortality. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 123:102903. [PMID: 38222798 PMCID: PMC10785703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2023.102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This paper studies the long-term effects of in-utero and early-life exposure to pesticide use on adulthood and old-age longevity. We use the cyclical emergence of cicadas in the eastern half of the United States as a shock that raises the pesticide use among tree crop growing farmlands. We implement a difference-in-difference framework and employ Social Security Administration death records over the years 1975-2005 linked to the complete count 1940 census. We find that males born in top-quartile tree-crop counties and exposed to a cicada event during fetal development and early-life live roughly 2.2 months shorted lives; those with direct farm exposure face a reduction of nearly a year. We provide empirical evidence to examine mortality selection before adulthood, endogenous fertility, and differential data linkage rates. Additional analyses suggests that reductions in education and income during adulthood are potential mechanisms of impact. Our findings add to our understanding of the relevance of early-life insults for old-age health and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Fletcher
- La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1211, USA
| | - Hamid Noghanibehambari
- College of Business, Austin Peay State University, Marion St, Clarksville, TN 37040, USA
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Thacharodi A, Hassan S, Singh T, Mandal R, Chinnadurai J, Khan HA, Hussain MA, Brindhadevi K, Pugazhendhi A. Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: An updated microbiological review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138498. [PMID: 36996919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A class of organic priority pollutants known as PAHs is of critical public health and environmental concern due to its carcinogenic properties as well as its genotoxic, mutagenic, and cytotoxic properties. Research to eliminate PAHs from the environment has increased significantly due to awareness about their negative effects on the environment and human health. Various environmental factors, including nutrients, microorganisms present and their abundance, and the nature and chemical properties of the PAH affect the biodegradation of PAHs. A large spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and algae have ability to degrade PAHs with the biodegradation capacity of bacteria and fungi receiving the most attention. A considerable amount of research has been conducted in the last few decades on analyzing microbial communities for their genomic organization, enzymatic and biochemical properties capable of degrading PAH. While it is true that PAH degrading microorganisms offer potential for recovering damaged ecosystems in a cost-efficient way, new advances are needed to make these microbes more robust and successful at eliminating toxic chemicals. By optimizing some factors like adsorption, bioavailability and mass transfer of PAHs, microorganisms in their natural habitat could be greatly improved to biodegrade PAHs. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the latest findings and address the current wealth of knowledge in the microbial bioremediation of PAHs. Additionally, recent breakthroughs in PAH degradation are discussed in order to facilitate a broader understanding of the bioremediation of PAHs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Thacharodi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, 110029, India; Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Tripti Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201309, India
| | - Ramkrishna Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jeganathan Chinnadurai
- Department of Research and Development, Dr. Thacharodi's Laboratories, No. 24, 5th Cross, Thanthaiperiyar Nagar, Ellapillaichavadi, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Hilal Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Mir Ashiq Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali,140103, India.
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8
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Udom GJ, Frazzoli C, Ekhator OC, Onyena AP, Bocca B, Orisakwe OE. Pervasiveness, bioaccumulation and subduing environmental health challenges posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): A systematic review to settle a one health strategy in Niger Delta, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115620. [PMID: 36931380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The crude oil-rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria is under threat due to anthropogenic activities that include mainly PAH contamination. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), multiple online searches were conducted using several databases (e.g. Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, National Library of Medicine, PubMed etc.) between October and November 2022 to collect evidence on pervasiveness, bioaccumulation and health challenges posed by PAH in Nigeria Niger Delta. Included studies were appraised for quality using the Standard for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE 2.0) framework and the Joanna Briggs (JB) checklist and retrieved data were analysed using the narrative synthesis method. With the indiscriminate exposure of the local inhabitants to PAH and a lack of public health policies that efficiently prevent exposure-associated adverse health events, there is a need for a collaborative and multi-disciplinary approach, cutting across boundaries of animal, human, and environmental health to undertake risk assessments, develop plans for response and control in an attempt to protect public health. The complex and wide distribution of PAHs within the Niger Delta region would benefit of the One Health strategy. Such systemic approach would help managing the harmful effects of PAHs on ecosystems, from environmental remedial approaches to measures to mitigate exposure-associated risks. One health, including environmental health and food safety, would help risk assessors and risk managers in prioritising actions for the prevention and mitigation of PAHs pollution and its spread and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godswill J Udom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Amarachi Paschaline Onyena
- Department of Marine Environment and Pollution Control, Nigeria Maritime University Okerenkoko, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria; Provictorie Research Institute Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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9
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Jiao H, Chen W, Li R, Bian G, Wang Q, Bai Z, Li Y, Jin D. Toxicity evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils of coal chemical industry areas, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:1889-1903. [PMID: 35731356 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objectives of this study were to investigate the concentrations, distributions, toxicities, and risk assessment of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soils surrounding a coal chemical industrial zone in the southeast of Shanxi province, China. A total of 52 topsoil samples were collected from different land-use areas: cereal agriculture, roadsides, and parkland. Results show that the total PAHs (∑16PAHs) ranged from 3.87 × 103 to 116 × 103 µg kg-1 and that the total carcinogenicity PAHs (∑BPAHs) ranged from 3.11 × 103 to 94.2 × 103 µg kg-1, with the highest concentration of ∑16PAHs noted in the RS samples, followed by PS and AS. The entire risk quotient of all PAH maximum permissible concentrations (RQ∑PAHMPCi) was greater than 1.0, and the minimum concentration entire risk quotient (RQ∑PAHNCi) of 84.3% of all samples was higher than 800. The value of the total toxicity equivalent concentration of PAH (PAHBapeq) for areas surrounding the coal chemical industrial zone was higher than the value of the standard level, and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) far exceeds the U.S. EPA's risk standard. The toxic properties of PAHs indicated that the soils in the survey areas have a high risk to human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Jiao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Changzhi University, Changzhi, 046011, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gaopeng Bian
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Changzhi University, Changzhi, 046011, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Changzhi University, Changzhi, 046011, China
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Decai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- College of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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10
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Rahmonov O, Środek D, Pytel S, Makieieva N, Kupka T. Relationships between Heavy Metal Concentrations in Greater Celandine ( Chelidonium majus L.) Tissues and Soil in Urban Parks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3887. [PMID: 36900897 PMCID: PMC10002234 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic ecological ecosystems create favourable conditions for the growth of the nitrophilous medicinal species Chelidonium majus in six urban parks in Southern Poland. This study focuses on the concentrations of trace elements in the soils, leaves, stems, and rhizomes of greater celandine. The soil samples were taken only in the humus horizon (A), which averaged approximately 15 cm in thickness under the clumps of Ch. majus. Regarding the reaction, the soil samples tested can be described as slightly acidic (5.6-6.8 in KCl) to alkaline (7.1-7.4 in H2O). Organic carbon content at all sites is high, ranging from 3.2% to 13.6%, while the highest total nitrogen (Nt) content is 0.664%. The average total phosphorus (Pt) content in all samples is 548.8 mg/kg (and its range is 298-940 mg/kg), such values indicating its anthropogenic origin. In terms of heavy metals, Zn has the highest content in the analysed soil samples compared to the other elements, and its range is from 394.50 mg/kg to 1363.80 mg/kg in soil. In rhizomes, Zn also has the highest values (178.7-408.3 mg/kg), whereas, in stems and leaves, it varies (from 80.6 to 227.5 and from 57.8 to 297.4 mg/kg, respectively). Spearman's rank correlation showed high correlations between the content of Pb, Zn, Cd, and As in the soil and rhizomes of Ch. majus. Despite soil contamination with Pb, Cd, and Zn, Ch. majus does not accumulate them in its tissues. However, the translocation of Hg and Cr from rhizomes to leaves was observed. The different concentrations of metals in each park result from the degree of diversity of the parent rocks on which the soil was formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oimahmad Rahmonov
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Środek
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Sławomir Pytel
- Institute of Social and Economic Geography and Spatial Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Natalina Makieieva
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Teobald Kupka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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11
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Yu J, Luo H, Yang B, Wang M, Gong Y, Wang P, Jiao Y, Liang T, Cheng H, Ma F, Gu Q, Li F. Risk Control Values and Remediation Goals for Benzo[ a]pyrene in Contaminated Sites: Sectoral Characteristics, Temporal Trends, and Empirical Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2064-2074. [PMID: 36695743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a highly carcinogenic pollutant of global concern. There is a need for a comprehensive assessment of regulation decisions for BaP-contaminated site management. Herein, we present a quantitative evaluation of remediation decisions from 206 contaminated sites throughout China between 2011 and 2021 using the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and related statistical methodologies. Generally, remediation decisions seek to establish remediation goals (RGs) based on the risk control values (RCVs). Cumulative frequency distributions, followed non-normal S-curve, emerged multiple nonrandom clusters. These clusters are consistent with regulatory guidance values (RGVs), of national and local soil levels in China. Additionally, priority interventions for contaminated sites were determined by prioritizing RCVs and identifying differences across industrial sectors. Notably, we found that RCVs and RGs became more relaxed over time, effectively reducing conservation and unsustainable social and economic impacts. The joint probability curve was applied to model decision values, which afforded a generic empirically important RG of 0.57 mg/kg. Overall, these findings will help decision-makers and governments develop appropriate remediation strategies for BaP as a ubiquitous priority pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing100012, China
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Huilong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing100012, China
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Technical Center for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing100012, China
| | - Minghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing100012, China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yiwei Gong
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing100012, China
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Yufang Jiao
- Beijing Jiewei Science and Technology Limited Company, Beijing100012, China
| | - Tian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing100012, China
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Fujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing100012, China
| | - Qingbao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing100012, China
| | - Fasheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing100012, China
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
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12
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Lin SL, Zhang H, Wang LC, Lee YY, Huang CE. Effects of fuel injection system and exhaust gas catalytic treatments on PAH emissions from motorcycles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13359-13371. [PMID: 36129655 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The motorcycles are unignorable near-ground pollutant emission sources that increase the human exposure in the dense area. However, the information of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emissions under different scenarios of engine and emission control for motorcycle is limited. This study focused on the PAH emissions from two fuel-injection types of motorcycles, including the premixed fuel-injection (PFi) with carburetor and electronic fuel-injection (EFi). Specifically, the effects of throttle opening (TO), secondary air system (SAS), oxygen sensor (OS), oxidation catalytic converter (OCC), and three-way catalytic converter (TWC) on PAH emissions are investigated. Results show that the PAH emission concentrations increase 227-727%, 351-492%, and 155-408% by the increasing TO ratio, unworking SAS, and OS units in both motorcycles. For the PFi engine, the OCC unit is found to be more effective in PAH control (31-89%) than the SAS system (72-80%), especially under low TO operation. For the EFi engine which dominates the motorcycle market recently, the oxygen sensor for more accurate combustion control shows a better PAH reduction (36-76%) than TWC system (21-66%). The ultra-fine particulate phase PAHs, which is hardly removed by catalyst, needs to be further considered. Moreover, the total PAH emission level of the EFi engine is still about ten times higher than that of the PFi. By the annual emission calculation for three densely populated countries, the recent evolution significantly reduces the annual hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions but have unignorable PAH emissions. These emissions continuously affect the human health in the near-ground urban air and need to be considered in the next generation of motorcycle design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Lun Lin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lin-Chi Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, 32023, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Lee
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 83347, Taiwan
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 83347, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Er Huang
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 83347, Taiwan
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13
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Molecularly imprinted colloidal array for the high-throughput screening of explosives. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Góralczyk-Bińkowska A, Długoński A, Bernat P, Długoński J, Jasińska A. Accelerated PAH Transformation in the Presence of Dye Industry Landfill Leachate Combined with Fungal Membrane Lipid Changes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13997. [PMID: 36360875 PMCID: PMC9654376 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ascomycete fungus Nectriella pironii, previously isolated from soil continuously contaminated by dye industry waste, was used for the biodegradation of phenanthrene (PHE), benz[a]anthracene (B[a]A), and benz[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by N. pironii was accelerated in the presence of landfill leachate (LL) collected from the area of fungus isolation. The rate of cometabolic elimination of PHE and B[a]P in the presence of LL was, respectively, 75% and 94% higher than in its absence. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that PAHs were converted to less-toxic derivatives. The parallel lipidomic study showed changes in membrane lipids, including a significant increase in the content of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (almost double) and saturated phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and a simultaneous reduction (twofold) in the content of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and unsaturated PLFAs, which may have promoted the fungus to PHE + LL adaptation. In the presence of PHE, an intense lipid peroxidation (fivefold) was observed, confirming the stabilization of the cell membrane and its extended integrity. Determining the course of elimination and adaptation to harmful pollutants is essential for the design of efficient bioremediation systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Góralczyk-Bińkowska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16 Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Długoński
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3 Street, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16 Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16 Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Długoński
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16 Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Jasińska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16 Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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15
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Wu J, Sha C, Li D, Shen C, Tang H, Huang S. Spatial and seasonal variation and sources of deposition fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75258-75270. [PMID: 35653019 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) deposition fluxes and sources may significantly facilitate risk evaluation and pollution control of super megacity in China. A study on PAHs of wet and dry deposition in Shanghai was conducted from January to December of 2019. Seventeen sampling sites located in four functional areas were set, including the Baoshan iron and steel industry area (BS), Jinshan petrochemical industry area (JS), city center (CC), and Chongming agricultural area (CM). A total of 15 PAHs were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS, Agilent 7890A/5975C). PAHs atmospheric deposition flux in winter was highest (3.12 ± 1.98 μg/(m2·day), mostly attributed to local emissions accumulation under adverse meteorological diffusion conditions, as well as pollutants transport from northern China during heating season. PAHs deposition fluxes in industrial area (BS and JS) were 3.75 ± 4.08 μg/(m2·day) and 3.18 ± 3.62 μg/(m2·day) respectively, which were greater than those in CC and CM, accounting for 1.91 ± 1.06 μg/(m2·day) and 1.41 ± 0.61 μg/(m2·day) respectively. Proportional composition and isomer ratios of PAHs indicated that the PAHs deposition in winter and spring samples were more homogeneous, whereas those of summer and autumn seemed to be more variable and dispersed. Positive matrix factorization model were employed to identify the potential sources of PAHs in specific functional areas. A dominance of contribution was attributed to coal combustion (46%) at BS, petroleum volatilization (48%) at JS, biomass burning (55%) at CM, and vehicle emission (49%) at CC. This study highlighted that local urbanization and industrialization have a significant contribution to PAHs deposition to specific functional regions in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chenyan Sha
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Dayan Li
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shenfa Huang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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16
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Silva C, Cachada A, Gonçalves FJM, Nannou C, Lambropoulou D, Patinha C, Abrantes N, Pereira JL. Chemical characterization of riverine sediments affected by wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156305. [PMID: 35636541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at assessing the contribution of wastewater treatment effluents to the contamination profile of the sediments of receiving waterways. Three wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) were addressed, encompassing different population equivalent sizes, urbanization degrees and treatment methods translating differences in expected contamination patterns. Within each WWTP system, the assessment targeted the effluent and sediment samples collected upstream and downstream the effluent discharge point; contaminants belonging to several concerning chemical classes (metals and metalloids; pesticides; pharmaceuticals and personal care products, PPCPs; and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) were quantified both in effluent and sediment samples. Clear associations between contaminants present in the effluent and corresponding sediment samples were not always verified. In fact, a noticeable difference between the number or abundance of contaminants detected in effluents and in sediments, suggesting that effluents are not always the most likely source (e.g. PAHs). However, sediment contaminants that were likely sourced by the effluents were also identified (e.g. PPCPs). Sediment analysis offers an important historical view of contamination, especially in flowing recipient ecosystems where any characterization over the water matrix is ephemeral and linking exclusively to the moment of sampling. Hence, sediments should be considered for the establishment of WWTP operational benchmarks regulating the emission of contaminants, which is currently focused mostly on effluent composition thus potentially over/underestimating the longer-term impact of effluent discharge in the recipient waterways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Silva
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Cachada
- CIIMAR-UP, Novo Edifício Do Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Christina Nannou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carla Patinha
- Department of Geosciences & GEOBIOTEC, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
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17
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Contamination level, sources, and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in suburban vegetable field soils of Changchun, Northeast China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11301. [PMID: 35788640 PMCID: PMC9253016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants. With the expansion of the city, the suburban environment is being increasingly polluted by PAHs, which pose a huge potential risk for suburban agriculture. Therefore, we conducted a survey focusing on the pollution level, sources, and risk of PAHs in Changchun suburban vegetable soils, Northeast China. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs (Σ16PAHs) in soils were between 2338.2 and 15,200 ng g−1 (mean 6778.1 ng g−1), which were significantly higher than those in most other cities. High molecular weight PAHs were the major components, which occupied over 85.63% of all PAHs. Seven potential carcinogenic PAHs accounted for 56.96% of the Σ16PAHs. Source apportionment results based on the ratio of PAH isomers and principal components analysis showed that PAHs were primarily derived from pyrolysis sources, such as biomass/coal combustion, traffic emissions, and petroleum. Ecological risk values of PAHs were between effects range-low (ERL) and effects range-median (ERM), which might cause occasionally ecological risks in the suburbs. According to the incremental lifetime cancer risk assessment results, the health risks to the exposed population were in the acceptable level, with dermal contact and ingestion being the predominant exposure pathway.
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18
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Zhang H, Huang Q, Han P, Zhang Z, Jiang S, Yang W. Source identification and toxicity apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soils in Beijing and Tianjin using a PMF-TEQ method. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268615. [PMID: 35771809 PMCID: PMC9246166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Beijing and Tianjin are two of the largest cities in northern China with high population densities and highly developed manufacturing industries. In the past decade, some authors have reported their PAH concentrations in surface soils, identified their sources and quantitatively reported their health risks. However, the contributions of different PAH sources to their toxicity have not been reported thus far. In this study, we reviewed the PAH concentrations, contributions of different sources to the toxicity, and cancer risks in soils from different land use types found within Beijing and Tianjin from data gathered by 41 studies. The total PAH concentration varied in the range of 175.7–1989.0 ng g-1 with a higher median PAH concentration detected in urban soils (789.7 ng g-1), followed by suburban soils (647.3 ng g-1) and rural soils (390.8 ng g-1). Source identification using diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that the PAHs in all three land use types mainly originated from biomass and coal combustion, vehicular emissions, and petrogenic processes with contributions varying from 13% to 62%. Furthermore, results from a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model suggested that vehicular emissions and coal combustion in urban soils, and the vehicular emissions, coal combustion and biomass combustion in suburban and rural soils dominated the total PAH concentrations (>85%). These results were consistent with those of the PCA model. Results of the additional toxicity apportionment performed using the PMF model suggested that vehicular emissions and coal combustion contributed the most to the toxic equivalent quantity for Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaPTEQ) and, by extension, to the carcinogenic potencies. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values suggested a low risk level for adults exposed to PAHs in the different land use types found within Beijing and Tianjin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huashuang Zhang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Huang
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Han
- Shandong Urban Construction Vocational College, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengtao Jiang
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (SJ); (WY)
| | - Wei Yang
- Polar and Marine Research Institute, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (SJ); (WY)
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19
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Mallah MA, Changxing L, Mallah MA, Noreen S, Liu Y, Saeed M, Xi H, Ahmed B, Feng F, Mirjat AA, Wang W, Jabar A, Naveed M, Li JH, Zhang Q. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and its effects on human health: An overeview. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133948. [PMID: 35151703 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of chemicals of considerable environmental significance. PAHs are chemical contaminants of fused carbon and hydrogen aromatic rings, basically white, light-yellow, or solid compounds without color. Natural sources of pollution are marginal or less significant, such as volcanic eruptions, natural forest fires, and moorland fires that trigger lightning bursts. The significant determinants of PAH pollution are anthropogenic pollution sources, classified into four groups, i.e., industrial, mobile, domestic, and agricultural pollution sources. Humans can consume PAHs via different routes, such as inhalation, dermal touch, and ingestion. The Effect of PAHs on human health is primarily based on the duration and route of exposure, the volume or concentration of PAHs to which one is exposed, and the relative toxicity of PAHs. Many PAHs are widely referred to as carcinogens, mutagens, and teratogens and thus pose a significant danger to human health and the well-being of humans. Skin, lung, pancreas, esophagus, bladder, colon, and female breast are numerous organs prone to tumor development due to long-term PAH exposure. PAH exposure may increase the risk of lung cancer as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction (MI). Preclinical studies have found a relationship between PAH exposure, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis. In addition, investigations have discovered a relationship between PAH exposure at work and CVD illness and mortality development. This review aims to explain PAH briefly, its transportation, its effects on human health, and a relationship between environmental exposures to PAHs and CVD risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manthar Ali Mallah
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Li Changxing
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 81000, China
| | - Mukhtiar Ali Mallah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, 67480, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 6300, Pakistan
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- The Cholestane University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - He Xi
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy. Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ali Asghar Mirjat
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Abdul Jabar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy. Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jian-Hua Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 81000, China.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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20
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Li Y, Yan B. Human health risk assessment and distribution of VOCs in a chemical site, Weinan, China. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The study assessed the volatile organic compound (VOC) pollution characteristics in a chemical site in Weinan, China. The results indicated that chloroform, benzene, trichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, ethylbenzene, 1,2-dichloropropane, and 1,2,3-Trichloropropane exceeded the soil standard limit for soil contamination of development land (GB36600, PRC). Using pollution index, ambient severity, and correlation coefficient revealed industrial production and relocation activities as sources of VOCs contamination in the site. The carcinogenic risk assessed by human exposure to site VOCs through ingestion, respiration, exposure, etc., exceeded the potentially acceptable level (1.0 × 10−6). 1,2,3-trichloropropane has the highest carcinogenic risk across all pathways, regions, and populations. The long-term exposure and emission of VOCs in the investigated sites could likely pose an adverse health risk to site staff and the surrounding sensitive groups. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out strict investigation and evaluation of the site, and timely repair and control to protect the water, soil, and air environment and to avoid the long-term cumulative exposure risk to human health caused by VOCs emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd. , Xi’an-710075 , China
- Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd. , Xi’an-710021 , China
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering and Human Settlements, Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd and Xi’an Jiaotong University , Xi’an-710075 , China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd. , Xi’an-710075 , China
- Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd. , Xi’an-710021 , China
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering and Human Settlements, Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd and Xi’an Jiaotong University , Xi’an-710075 , China
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21
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Wcisło E, Bronder J. Health Risk Assessment for the Residential Area Adjacent to a Former Chemical Plant. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052590. [PMID: 35270282 PMCID: PMC8909588 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A health risk assessment was carried out for the residents of Łęgnowo-Wieś settlement adjacent to a former Zachem Chemical Plant, Bydgoszcz, Poland. Due to the unique Zachem site history and contamination profile, an innovative strategy for soil sampling and contaminant selection was applied. The novelty in the developed strategy consisted of selecting substances for the health risk assessment, taking into consideration the location and boundaries of the groundwater contamination plumes in relation to contamination sources. This allowed limiting the number of the analysed contaminants. The risk assessment focused on the surface soil of a residential area, which was divided into 20 sampling sectors and 6 backyards with wells from which water was used for watering edible plants. A total of 80 inorganic and organic substances were determined, including metals, phenol, aniline, BTEX, diphenyl sulphone, chloroaniline, epichlorohydrin, hydroxybiphenyl, nitrobenzene, octylphenols, toluenediamine, toluidine, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene. For the health risk assessment, the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s deterministic method was applied. This applies conservative assumptions to obtain risk estimates protective for most of the potential receptors. Three exposure pathways were analysed: (1) incidental soil ingestion, (2) dermal contact with soil and (3) inhalation of fugitive soil particles and volatiles. In all sampling sectors and backyards, the total non-cancer risks (hazard index) were significantly lower than the acceptable level of 1. The acceptable cancer risk level for the single carcinogen of 1 × 10−5 was only insignificantly exceeded in the case of benzo(a)pyrene in three sectors and one backyard. The total cancer risks were lower than the acceptable level of 1 × 10−4 in all sampling sectors and all backyards. The findings show that the soil in the entire residential area is safe for the residents’ health and no remedial actions are required. However, since not all possible exposure pathways were analysed in this study, further research focused on assessing the health risk resulting from the consumption of locally grown food is strongly recommended.
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22
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Li X, Liu H, Yang W, Sheng H, Wang F, Harindintwali JD, Herath HMSK, Zhang Y. Humic acid enhanced pyrene degradation by Mycobacterium sp. NJS-1. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132613. [PMID: 34678349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The search for nature-based tools to enhance bioremediation is essential for the sustainable restoration of contaminated ecosystems. Humic acid (HA) is an important component of organic matter in soil and water, but its effect on the microbial degradation of organic pollutants remains unclear. In this study, the biodegradation of pyrene by Mycobacterium sp. NJS-1 with and without HA was investigated. Only around 10.5% of pyrene was biodegraded in the pyrene treatment alone, whereas the addition of HA significantly enhanced biodegradation to the point where over 90% of pyrene was biodegraded. The production of 4,5-dihydropyrene-4,5-diol and phenanthrene-3,4-diol indicated the metabolic pathway via attacking of 4,5-positions of pyrene. Interestingly, 1,2-dimethoxypyrene was detected with the addition of HA, suggesting that HA induced a new ring-opening pathway involving the attack on the 1,2-positions of pyrene. The addition of HA first induced protein self-cleavage behavior with a significant increase in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan containing large numbers of COO- groups. Furthermore, it altered the intracellular and extracellular ultrastructure of bacterial cells, promoting their growth in size and number as well as reducing the space between them. Overall, HA increased the ring-opening positions of pyrene and facilitated its interaction with bacterial cells, thus improving its biodegradability. Building upon the findings of this study to further research is conducive to the sustainable solution of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Li
- Nanjing Normal University Center for Analysis and Testing, College of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Nanjing Normal University Center for Analysis and Testing, College of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Weiben Yang
- Nanjing Normal University Center for Analysis and Testing, College of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Hongjie Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jean Damascene Harindintwali
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - H M S K Herath
- Department of Export Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Passara Road, Badulla, 90 000, Sri Lanka
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Nanjing Normal University Center for Analysis and Testing, College of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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23
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Harathi J, Thenmozhi K. Water-soluble ionic liquid as a fluorescent probe towards distinct binding and detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol in aqueous medium. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131825. [PMID: 34375830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the escalating threat of criminal activities and pollution aroused by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), development of a proficient sensor for the detection of these explosives is highly demanded. Herein, a water-soluble ionic liquid-tagged fluorescent probe, 1-ethyl-3-(3-formyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium chloride (EB-IL) has been designed and synthesized for the detection of TNT and TNP in 100% aqueous medium. The EB-IL fluorescent probe displayed strong cyan-blue fluorescence at 500 nm which gets quenched upon the addition of TNT/TNP over other concomitant nitro-compounds. The distinct binding response of EB-IL towards TNT could be due to the formation of hydrogen bonding between the acidic proton of benzimidazolium (C2-H) and nitro group of TNT. Meanwhile, the selective binding of TNP with EB-IL could be due to the exchange of counter Cl- anion of EB-IL with picrate anion. The fluorescence quenching of EB-IL by TNT could be attributed to the resonance energy transfer (RET) and that of TNP is ascribed to the anion-exchange process. The developed sensor is extremely selective and sensitive towards TNT and TNP with high quenching constants of 1.94 × 105 M-1 and 2.32 × 106 M-1 and shows a lower detection limit of 159 nM and 282 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonnagaddala Harathi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Kathavarayan Thenmozhi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India.
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Rodríguez-Espinosa T, Navarro-Pedreño J, Gómez-Lucas I, Jordán-Vidal MM, Bech-Borras J, Zorpas AA. Urban areas, human health and technosols for the green deal. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:5065-5086. [PMID: 33945056 PMCID: PMC8093134 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Authors aim to carry out a bibliographic review as an initial approach to state of the art related to the quality of urban soils, as well as its possible link with human health. This concern arises from the need to highlight the consequences that soil could face, derived from the growth and aging of the population, as well as its predicted preference for urban settlement. Urban development may pose a challenge to the health of urban soils, due to degradative processes that it entails, such as land take, sealing, contamination or compaction. A healthy soil is the one which maintains the capacity to support ecosystem services, so it can provide numerous benefits to human health and well-being (carbon sequestration, protection against flooding, retention and immobilization of pollutants and a growth media for vegetation and food production). This article addresses threats facing urban soils, the strategies put forward by the European Union to deal with them, as well as the issues that require further attention. Greening cities could be a consensual solution, so authors analyze whether soils of cities are ready for that challenge and what resources need to maintain soil ecosystem functions. This review proposes to use made by waste Technosols for a sustainable green city. Although the use of Technosols as a type of soil is very recent, the interest of the scientific community in this field continues to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Rodríguez-Espinosa
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Avd. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - J. Navarro-Pedreño
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Avd. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - I. Gómez-Lucas
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Avd. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - M. M. Jordán-Vidal
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Avd. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - J. Bech-Borras
- Laboratory of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Plant Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. A. Zorpas
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Open University of Cyprus, Environmental Conservation and Management, P.O. Box 12794, 2252 Latsia, Nicosia Cyprus
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25
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Toxicity and Risks Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in River Bed Sediments of an Artisanal Crude Oil Refining Area in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13223295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that possess serious risks to human health and the environment. Forty riverbed sediments samples were collected in mangrove river bed sediments where artisanal refining of crude oil takes place in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. The concentration, occurrence, distribution, toxicity and health risk of sixteen priority PAHs (16PAHs) were analysed in the samples. Apart from Nap, Acy, BkF, InP and DbE, all the other PAHs were present in all the sampled points of the studied area with BbF and BaA recording the highest mean values. The range and mean of the total PAHs (∑16PAHs) of this study are 23.461–89.886 mg/kg and 42.607 ± 14.30 mg/kg dry weight (dw), which is classified as heavily contaminated when compared to the European classification of PAHs pollution in soil (>1.0 mg/kg). The range of the effect range factors used to assess the risk of PAHs in an ecosystem (Effect rang-low (ER-L) and Effect range-median ER-M) of this study is from 0.953 to 8.80 mg/kg. PAHs below ER-L (4.0 mg/kg) indicate no toxic effect, but values above ER-M (44.79 mg/kg) indicate toxic effects to the sediments, its resources and, ultimately, the public that consumes the resources thereof; hence, the study area falls within the contaminated category. The occurrence of the high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs (73.4%) supersedes those of the lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs (26.6%). The diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis suggest that the main contributors of PAHS into the sediments are the combustion of biomass, fossil fuel (crude oil) and pyrogenic sources. The toxic equivalent quotient (TEQ) and mutagenic equivalent quotient (MEQ) of PAHs ranged from 2.96 to 23.26 mgTEQ/kg dw and 4.47 to 23.52 mgMEQ/kg dw, and the total mean toxic equivalency quotient (∑TEQ) (15.12 ± 8.4 mg/kg) is also greater than the safe level of 0.6 mg/kg, which indicates high toxicity potency. The mean incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) of human exposure to PAHs shows that both adults TotalILCR adults (6.15 × 10−5) and children TotalILCR children (2.48 × 10−4) can be affected by dermal contact rather than ingestion and inhalation. Based on these findings, the appropriate regulatory bodies and other organs of government in the region should enforce outright stoppage of the activities of these illegal artisans who do not have control mechanisms for loss control at the site and carry out appropriate clean-up of the area.
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Aminiyan MM, Kalantzi OI, Etesami H, Khamoshi SE, Hajiali Begloo R, Aminiyan FM. Occurrence and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in dust of an emerging industrial city in Iran: implications for human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:63359-63376. [PMID: 34231139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bounded to street dust are a severe environmental and human health danger. This study provides preliminary information on the abundance of PAHs in street dust from Rafsanjan city, Iran, where industrial emissions are high and data are lacking. Seventy street dust samples were collected from streets with different traffic loads. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Standard Methods 8270D and 3550C were used for the measurement of PAHs using GC mass spectroscopy. The total concentration of PAHs was 1443 ng g-1, with a range of 1380-1550 ng g-1. Additionally, the concentration of carcinogenic PAHs (∑carcPAHs) ranged from 729.5 to 889.4 ng g-1, with a mean value of 798.1 ng g-1. Pyrene was the most abundant PAH, with an average concentration of 257 ng g-1. Source identification analyses showed that vehicle emissions along with incomplete combustion and petroleum were the main sources of PAHs. The ecological risk status of the studied area was moderate. Spatial distribution mapping revealed that the streets around the city center and oil company had higher PAH levels than the other sectors of Rafsanjan. The results indicated that dermal contact and ingestion of contaminated particles were the most important pathways compared to inhalation. The mean incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was 1.4 × 10-3 and 1.3 × 10-3 for children and adults, respectively. This implies potentially adverse health effects in exposed individuals. The mutagenic risk for both subpopulations was approximately 18 times greater than the one recommended by USEPA. Our findings suggest that children are subjected to a higher carcinogenic and mutagenic risk of PAHs, especially dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DahA), bounded to street dust of Rafsanjan. Our study highlights the need for the development of emission monitoring and control scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mirzaei Aminiyan
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hassan Etesami
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Erfan Khamoshi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Hajiali Begloo
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Mirzaei Aminiyan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Vali-e-Asr Rafsanjan University, Rafsanjan, Iran
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27
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Kumar M, Bolan NS, Hoang SA, Sawarkar AD, Jasemizad T, Gao B, Keerthanan S, Padhye LP, Singh L, Kumar S, Vithanage M, Li Y, Zhang M, Kirkham MB, Vinu A, Rinklebe J. Remediation of soils and sediments polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: To immobilize, mobilize, or degrade? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126534. [PMID: 34280720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are generated due to incomplete burning of organic substances. Use of fossil fuels is the primary anthropogenic cause of PAHs emission in natural settings. Although several PAH compounds exist in the natural environmental setting, only 16 of these compounds are considered priority pollutants. PAHs imposes several health impacts on humans and other living organisms due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic properties. The specific characteristics of PAHs, such as their high hydrophobicity and low water solubility, influence their active adsorption onto soils and sediments, affecting their bioavailability and subsequent degradation. Therefore, this review first discusses various sources of PAHs, including source identification techniques, bioavailability, and interactions of PAHs with soils and sediments. Then this review addresses the remediation technologies adopted so far of PAHs in soils and sediments using immobilization techniques (capping, stabilization, dredging, and excavation), mobilization techniques (thermal desorption, washing, electrokinetics, and surfactant assisted), and biological degradation techniques. The pros and cons of each technology are discussed. A detailed systematic compilation of eco-friendly approaches used to degrade PAHs, such as phytoremediation, microbial remediation, and emerging hybrid or integrated technologies are reviewed along with case studies and provided prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Son A Hoang
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ankush D Sawarkar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440 010, India
| | - Tahereh Jasemizad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bowen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - S Keerthanan
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Ossai CJ, Iwegbue CMA, Tesi GO, Olisah C, Egobueze FE, Nwajei GE, Martincigh BS. Distribution, sources and exposure risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils, and indoor and outdoor dust from Port Harcourt city, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1328-1350. [PMID: 34318837 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00094b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the concentrations, composition, sources, and potential risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils, and indoor and outdoor dust from Port Harcourt city in Nigeria. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the detection and quantification of PAH species in the samples. The concentrations of the US EPA 16 PAHs plus 2-methyl-naphthalene (∑17 PAHs) in soils, and indoor and outdoor dust from Port Harcourt city ranged from 240 to 38 400, 276 to 9130 and 44 to 13 200 μg kg-1 (dry weight, d.w.) respectively. The PAH concentrations in these matrices followed the sequence: soil > indoor dust > outdoor dust. The composition of PAHs in soils and dust (indoor and outdoor) showed remarkable differences with prominence of 3- and 5-ring PAHs. The estimated carcinogenic risk to the residents arising from exposure to these concentrations of PAHs in soils, and indoor and outdoor dust from Port Harcourt was above the acceptable target cancer risk value of 10-6. We concluded that these sites require clean-up, remedial actions and implementation of stringent pollution control measures with the intention of reducing the undesirable impacts of PAHs on both the ecosystem and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu J Ossai
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria.
| | | | - Godswill O Tesi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Chijioke Olisah
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Francis E Egobueze
- Environment and Quality Control Department, Nigerian Agip Oil Company, Rumueme, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Godwin E Nwajei
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria.
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Westermayr J, Maurer RJ. Physically inspired deep learning of molecular excitations and photoemission spectra. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10755-10764. [PMID: 34447563 PMCID: PMC8372319 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01542g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern functional materials consist of large molecular building blocks with significant chemical complexity which limits spectroscopic property prediction with accurate first-principles methods. Consequently, a targeted design of materials with tailored optoelectronic properties by high-throughput screening is bound to fail without efficient methods to predict molecular excited-state properties across chemical space. In this work, we present a deep neural network that predicts charged quasiparticle excitations for large and complex organic molecules with a rich elemental diversity and a size well out of reach of accurate many body perturbation theory calculations. The model exploits the fundamental underlying physics of molecular resonances as eigenvalues of a latent Hamiltonian matrix and is thus able to accurately describe multiple resonances simultaneously. The performance of this model is demonstrated for a range of organic molecules across chemical composition space and configuration space. We further showcase the model capabilities by predicting photoemission spectra at the level of the GW approximation for previously unseen conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Westermayr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Reinhard J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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Jia T, Guo W, Xing Y, Lei R, Wu X, Sun S, He Y, Liu W. Spatial distributions and sources of PAHs in soil in chemical industry parks in the Yangtze River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117121. [PMID: 33865098 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is one of the fastest developing areas in eastern China and contains many chemical industry parks. The profiles and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil in chemical industry parks and surrounding areas in the YRD were investigated by analyzing soil samples (n = 64) were collected in the YRD and Rudong chemical park (RD), a typical chemical park in the Yangtze River Delta. The total concentrations of 19 PAHs in the YRD soil samples were 16.3-4694 ng g-1 (mean 688 ng g-1), and the total concentrations of PAHs in RD were 21.6-246 ng g-1 (mean 75.4 ng g-1). The PAHs in soil in YRD were dominated by four-ring and five-ring PAHs, and the PAHs in RD were dominated by two-ring and three-ring PAHs. It suggested that PAHs may have been supplied to soil in YRD predominantly through coal combustion and vehicle emissions, PAHs in the soil of RD may be due to the volatilization and leakage of chemical raw material. According to the different distribution characteristics of PAHs, the ratio (1.5) of (2 + 3) rings/4 rings was proposed to identify the chemical source of PAHs. The PAH isomer ratios and principal component analysis/multiple linear regression (PCA/MLRA) results indicated that PAHs concentrations in soil in the YRD and RD are mainly supplied by industrial and traffic emissions. Incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) indicated that PAHs in soil pose negligible cancer risks to children and adults, but much stronger risks to children than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Jia
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Ying Xing
- Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Rongrong Lei
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Shurui Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yunchen He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Rajan S, Rex KR, Pasupuleti M, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Jiménez B, Chakraborty P. Soil concentrations, compositional profiles, sources and bioavailability of polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins/furans, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in open municipal dumpsites of Chennai city, India. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 131:331-340. [PMID: 34218066 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the release of halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with open burning of municipal solid waste. Considering soil as a sink for such organic contaminants, we conducted an in-depth study on the surface soil concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and sixteen USEPA enlisted PAHs collected from thirteen zones of the two major municipal dumpsites, Kodungaiyur dumpsite (KDS) and Perungudi dumpsite (PDS) of Chennai city. Indigenous microbes from dumpsite soil samples were isolated and identified based on 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Using indigenous microbes, we have elucidated the bioavailability of the targeted organic pollutants for each site.Range of Σ17PCDD/Fs, Σ25PCBs and ∑16PAHs varied between 3.96-612 pg/g (96.0 pg/g; median), ND-182 ng/g (6.35 ng/g; median) and 0.62-3649 ng/g (64.3 ng/g; median), respectively. All the dumpsite samples showed bioavailability for POPs and PAHs. Toxicity equivalent values (TEQs) associated with dioxin-like PCBs and PCDD/Fs from the zones where dumped municipal solid wastes were collected from electronic-waste/IT-corridor/port areas and toxic PAHs from the zone receiving wastes from the industrial corridor of the city were higher than the soil permissible limit prescribed by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sancho Rajan
- Department of Civil Engineering and SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - K Ronnie Rex
- Department of Civil Engineering and SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Department of Civil Engineering and SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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Zou Y, Liu J, Liu X, Jia J. Health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil around thermal power plants in southwest China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:786-796. [PMID: 34187311 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1927597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the PAH contamination levels and to assess the health risk of PAH in soils of two typical thermal power plants. The PAH content was detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The carcinogenic risk and the hazard quotient were assessed for health risk using the "Chinese Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites HJ 25.3-2014." The results showed that the average concentration of Σ16PAHs in the soils around thermal power plants A and B are 7436 μg/kg and 8975 μg/kg, respectively indicating heavily pollution. The comprehensive carcinogenic risk of PAHs in thermal power plants A and B ranged from 0.26 × 10-6 to 4.16 × 10-6. Forty percent of the sampling sites exceeded the acceptable risk level (10-6), which is a potential carcinogenic risk to the workers. Among the seven kinds of carcinogens, Bap (39.91%) and DBA (36.10%) had the highest carcinogenic risk. Oral ingestion (57.22%) and skin contact (42.49%) were the major exposure pathways that could be blocked by wearing masks, gloves, and protective clothing. The control values for oral ingestion (0.32717 mg/kg) of DBA and Bap with the highest contribution rate of the carcinogenic risk and the lowest control value were selected as reference safety thresholds for PAHs in thermal power plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, PR China
| | - Jialin Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, PR China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianli Jia
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, PR China
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Haider FU, Ejaz M, Cheema SA, Khan MI, Zhao B, Liqun C, Salim MA, Naveed M, Khan N, Núñez-Delgado A, Mustafa A. Phytotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons: Sources, impacts and remediation strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111031. [PMID: 33744268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extraction and exploration of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) to satisfy the rising world population's fossil fuel demand is playing havoc with human beings and other life forms by contaminating the ecosystem, particularly the soil. In the current review, we highlighted the sources of PHs contamination, factors affecting the PHs accumulation in soil, mechanisms of uptake, translocation and potential toxic effects of PHs on plants. In plants, PHs reduce the seed germination andnutrients translocation, and induce oxidative stress, disturb the plant metabolic activity and inhibit the plant physiology and morphology that ultimately reduce plant yield. Moreover, the defense strategy in plants to mitigate the PHs toxicity and other potential remediation techniques, including the use of organic manure, compost, plant hormones, and biochar, and application of microbe-assisted remediation, and phytoremediation are also discussed in the current review. These remediation strategies not only help to remediate PHs pollutionin the soil rhizosphere but also enhance the morphological and physiological attributes of plant and results to improve crop yield under PHs contaminated soils. This review aims to provide significant information on ecological importance of PHs stress in various interdisciplinary investigations and critical remediation techniques to mitigate the contamination of PHs in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid-land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Mukkaram Ejaz
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, PR China
| | - Sardar Alam Cheema
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Baowei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, PR China
| | - Cai Liqun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid-land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | | | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 12 FL 32611, USA
| | - Avelino Núñez-Delgado
- Depart. Soil Sci. and Agric. Chem., Engineering Polytech. School, Lugo, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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Han C, Zhang C, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhou T, Khan S, Chen N, Zhao C. The capacity of ion adsorption and purification for coniferous forests is stronger than that of broad-leaved forests. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112137. [PMID: 33740490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, industrialization has caused a large number of pollutants to be released into the atmosphere. Forest ecosystems play an important function in regulating the biogeochemistry and the circulation of metal ions pollutants. Forest ecosystems affect the absorption of pollutants and dissolution of nutrients from the atmosphere and vegetation canopy, thereby influencing the content and composition of forest floor leachate and soil solution. This study examined changes in acid anions (NO3-, SO42-, Cl-) and metal cations (K+, Ca2+, Na2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+) in rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, and forest floor leachate for five different forests (Larix principis-rupprechtii, Picea wilsonii, Picea crassifolia, Betula platyphylla and Rhododendron communities). The results showed that the enrichment capacity of acid anions and metal cations in the vegetation canopy of the coniferous forests (L. principis-rupprechtii, P. wilsonii, P. crassifolia) was stronger than that of the broad-leaved forests (B. platyphylla and Rhododendron communities). The content of acid anions and metal cations in stemflow of coniferous forests were 3.7-5.6 times and 0-9.3 times higher than those of broad-leaved forests, respectively. Corresponding values in throughfall were 1-1.4 times and 0.3-2.4 times, respectively. The contents of NO3-, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ in leachate filtered from the soil layers that are deepening gradually showed consistent decreasing trend for all the forest stands. In addition, NO3-, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, Fe3+, and Pb2+ were also concentrated in the topsoil, except for Cu2+ and Cd2+. Nevertheless, SO42- and Na+ were concentrated in the subsoil, whereas Ca2+ was concentrated in the upper soil layers. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in coniferous forest stands were 20-37% and 34-63% higher than those in broad-leaved forest stands, respectively. This results also shown that the contents of OC and TN has a strong correlation with the content of partial metal cations in soil and litter, indicating that coniferous forest stands had stronger ion scavenging and adsorption capacity in soil layer and litter layer than broad-leaved forest stands. Therefore, L. principis-rupprechtii, P. wilsonii, P. crassifolia had higher air pollutant adsorption and soil pollution remediation capacities than the other two forests. Thus, we recommend planting coniferous tree species (L. principis-rupprechtii, P. wilsonii and P. crassifolia) for eco-rehabilitation and water purification to improve the ecological service function of forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Cankun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yongjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yage Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Tairan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Salman Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Changming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Gansu provincial field scientific observation and research station of mountain ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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Die Q, Lu A, Li C, Li H, Kong H, Li B. Occurrence of dioxin-like POPs in soils from urban green space in a metropolis, North China: implication to human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:5587-5597. [PMID: 32974823 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urban green space is a special space for urban life and natural contact and has an important impact on human health. However, little information is available on dioxin-like persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the soils from the specific areas. We measured the concentrations of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the soils from urban green space in a metropolis, North China, and found total concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs in the range of 11.5-91.4, 14.7-444, and 82.5-848 pg/g, respectively. It was worth to notice that the concentrations of PCDD/Fs in public park soil from urban center were significantly higher than those in the road greenbelts and resident lawns (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.004). The source analysis indicated that sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants were important sources of PCNs and PCDD/Fs in urban green land soils, and atmospheric deposition from municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) also play an important role in PCDD/F sources. The rough exposure risk evaluation showed that the residents were at a safe level with the daily doses being 0.172-3.144 fg/kg BW/day for children and 0.022-0.406 fg/kg BW/day for adult. Due to the complex and variable sources of PCDD/Fs in urban areas, dioxin-like POPs in urban green land should be given more attention to weaken human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqi Die
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Anxiang Lu
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Haifeng Li
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Hongling Kong
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Bingru Li
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing, 100097, China
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Penteado JO, Brum RDL, Ramires PF, Garcia EM, Dos Santos M, da Silva Júnior FMR. Health risk assessment in urban parks soils contaminated by metals, Rio Grande city (Brazil) case study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111737. [PMID: 33396065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soils and artificial surfaces of urban parks can be contaminated by toxic substances and offer risk to the human health, especially to children. Rio Grande city, southern Brazil, is a peculiar site from the point of view of environmental contamination, since the current levels of contamination reflect an accumulation of different polluting sources started in the 18th century up to the urban and industrial sources of the present. The history of Hg contamination refers to the use of Hg salts in textile activities in the 18th century and the consequent use of contaminated sediments to land urban areas. The current contamination involves metals such as Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn is related to the high degree of urbanization in the city, as well as the petrochemical and fertilizer industry. The study aimed to achieve a human health risk assessment of urban parks soils, specifically for Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn. To carry out the risk assessment using the USEPA model, three urban parks with a history of contamination were studied, using different soil exposure pathways (oral, dermal and inhalation) in the carcinogenic (Ni and Pb) and non-carcinogenic (Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) scenarios for children and adults. The non-carcinogenic risk of Pb was found in the three urban parks studied, for children and Hg in two urban parks. Pb and Ni showed no carcinogenic risk. Even so, the high non-carcinogenic risk of Hg and Pb showed that the contamination of the past and the present are found in the urban parks of Rio Grande city, putting the health of children who use these collective spaces at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Oliveira Penteado
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Lima Brum
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Paula Florêncio Ramires
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Edariane Menestrino Garcia
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Marina Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil.
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Enuneku A, Ogbeide O, Okpara B, Kubeyinje BF, Job O, Asemota CO, Imoobe T, Ezemonye LI. Ingestion and Dermal Cancer Risk via Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils in an Oil-Producing Community, Niger Delta, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:261-271. [PMID: 33074553 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is an intrinsic link between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulated in soils and increased health risk to humans after exposure to contaminated soil via ingestion, inhalation of particulates carrying PAHs, and direct contact with polluted soils. However, the assessment of PAH contamination in most developing countries fails to consider health risk assessment. Therefore, a comprehensive study was conducted to determine the concentration, source, toxicity, and human health risks of 16 PAHs in an urban area in Warri, Delta State, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The results showed varying contamination levels for PAH in soil samples from all sampling points, with benzo[a]anthracene (BaP; at 338.81 μg/kg) being the most abundant at all 9 sampling stations. The highest total concentration of PAH was observed at station 5 (1230.98 μg/kg), which was closest to a flow station. Further comparison with PAH contamination standards showed that soils from stations 1 and 2 were weakly contaminated (<600 μg/kg), and soil samples from stations 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9 were moderately contaminated (<1000 μg/kg). Soil samples from stations 5 and 8 were observed to be heavily contaminated (>1000 μg/kg). The BaP estimates for soil samples obtained for stations 3 to 9 were higher than the BaP soil screening value (15 μg/kg), indicating a carcinogenic potential of soil samples. The results also showed that the incremental lifetime cancer risk estimates for PAH in the soil for adults and children were above the recommended threshold (10-4 ) for ingestion and dermal contact, implying that exposure to contaminated soil could lead to cancers in adults and children. Currently, there are no regional or national standards for PAHs in soil that would indicate an increased likelihood for human exposure and subsequent health issues. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:261-271. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Enuneku
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Ozekeke Ogbeide
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontain, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Okpara
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Bawo Frank Kubeyinje
- National Centre for Energy and Environment, Energy Commission of Nigeria, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafunke Job
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Charming Osaro Asemota
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Tunde Imoobe
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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Shi R, Li X, Yang Y, Fan Y, Zhao Z. Contamination and human health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soils from Tianjin coastal new region, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115938. [PMID: 33158616 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils are of increasing concern because of their potential toxicity and persistence. However, there is limited information about PAHs in Tianjin coastal new region, although it is an important economic and industrial center in Northern China. Here we determined the concentrations of PAHs in 210 surface soil samples collected from this region according to administrative divisions covering Han'gu district, Tanggu district, and Dagang district, to evaluate their contamination and potential cancer risks. The concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 58.2 to 9160 ng g-1, and the highest concentration was found in Han'gu district. According to the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model, the soils from Han'gu district and Dagang district posed a moderate carcinogenic risk to residents, and dermal contact was the main exposure pathway. Besides, ILCRs for children through ingestion were comparable to those for adults but apparently higher than adolescents, while ILCRs of dermal contact for adults were higher than children and adolescents. Comparisons between the layout of industrial zones and the distributions of PAHs as well as ILCRs indicate that PAHs accumulating in soils and then incurring risk areas is partly controlled by the economic and industrial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguang Shi
- Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Yanying Yang
- Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- Environmental Science and Engineering College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Zeb A, Li S, Wu J, Lian J, Liu W, Sun Y. Insights into the mechanisms underlying the remediation potential of earthworms in contaminated soil: A critical review of research progress and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140145. [PMID: 32927577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, soil pollution is a major global concern drawing worldwide attention. Earthworms can resist high concentrations of soil pollutants and play a vital role in removing them effectively. Vermiremediation, using earthworms to remove contaminants from soil or help to degrade non-recyclable chemicals, is proved to be an alternative, low-cost technology for treating contaminated soil. However, knowledge about the mechanisms and framework of the vermiremediation various organic and inorganic contaminants is still limited. Therefore, we reviewed the research progress of effects of soil contaminants on earthworms and potential of earthworm used for remediation soil contaminated with heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, as well as crude oil. Especially, the possible processes, mechanisms, advantages and limitations, and how to boost the efficiency of vermiremediation are well addressed in this review. Finally, future prospects of vermiremediation soil contamination are listed to promote further studies and application of vermiremediation in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurang Zeb
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Song Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiapan Lian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weitao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yuebing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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Ehigbor MJ, Iwegbue CMA, Eguavoen OI, Tesi GO, Martincigh BS. Occurrence, sources and ecological and human health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from some functional areas of the Nigerian megacity, Lagos. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:2895-2923. [PMID: 32424788 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the levels of the USEPA 16 PAHs in soils collected from selected functional areas (cemetery, commercial, industrial and residential areas) of the Nigerian megacity, Lagos. The soil samples were subjected to ultrasonic-assisted extraction in a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of dichloromethane/hexane, and the PAHs in the resulting extracts were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Σ16 PAHs in soils of these functional areas varied between 890-4675, 485-4513, 111-15,577 and 509-2047 μg kg-1 for cemetery, industrial, commercial and residential areas, respectively. The benzo(a)pyrene carcinogenic (BaPTEQ) and mutagenic equivalency (BaPMEQ) values of PAHs in these soils spanned from 523 to 1046 and 446 to 1129 µg kg-1, respectively. The hazard index values suggested that there are adverse (non-carcinogenic) health effects for a child's exposure to PAHs in soils of commercial areas. The cancer risk values resulting from an adult's and a child's exposure to PAHs in these urban soils via dermal contact and oral ingestion surpassed the target value of 10-6 which suggested that there is a considerable cancer risk relating to human exposure to PAHs in these urban soils. An ecological risk assessment making use of soil quality guidelines and risk quotients suggested a low ecological risk to organisms in soils of these functional areas except for those from commercial areas. PAH isomeric ratios and principal component analysis indicated that PAHs in these soils arise from petrogenic inputs, such as occasional spills of liquid petroleum fuels and discharges from automobile workshops and generator houses, as well as pyrogenic processes including traffic emissions and combustion of fossil fuels and biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monday J Ehigbor
- Department of Chemistry, Ambrose Alli University, P.M.B. 14, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Osayanmo I Eguavoen
- Department of Chemistry, Ambrose Alli University, P.M.B. 14, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Godswill O Tesi
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Distribution of the Soil PAHs and Health Risk Influenced by Coal Usage Processes in Taiyuan City, Northern China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176319. [PMID: 32878008 PMCID: PMC7503818 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The quality of urban soil is closely related to the safety of public places and the guarantee of food quality. This study investigated the level, distribution, source, and carcinogenic risk of 16 U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban, agricultural, and montane soil in Taiyuan. The ∑16PAHs level varied from 104.78 to 6594.63 ng g-1 with a mean of 922.93 ng g-1, and 47.73% of the soil samples were severely contaminated, with a concentration higher than 600 ng g-1. PAHs with higher molecular weight (≥4 rings) were dominant in PAHs profiles accounting for 80.92%. In the spatial distribution of PAHs, hotspots of ∑16 PAHs were observed near the industries, indicating pollutants emitted by the industries directly affect the surrounding soil quality. The sources identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF) indicated: coal combustion (40.77%), vehicle exhausts (32.94%), biomass combustion (14.89%), and coking source (11.40%). Coal-related sources (coal and coking sources) were the major contributors (52.17%) to PAHs and carcinogenic risk (46.48%) assessed by BaP toxic equivalent concentration in total soils. Therefore, the extensive usage of coal was the leading factor for PAH pollution and health risk in Taiyuan soil.
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Benlaribi R, Djebbar S. Concentrations, distributions, sources, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in topsoils around a petrochemical industrial area in Algiers (Algeria). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29512-29529. [PMID: 32445139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-five samples were collected from topsoils around a petrochemical industrial area at the east of Algiers (Algeria) and analyzed for 16EPA priority PAHs in the aim to determine the concentrations, the distributions, and the possible sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results of the quantification are then devoted to the assessment of the potential risks as the toxicity, the risk for the ecosystem, and the risk for the human health. The sampling sites were classified into four categories: rural, suburban, urban, and industrial-urban. A new extraction method based on the insertion of a preliminary step, using hot water, was proposed to improve the extraction efficiency. Principal component analysis (PCA) and selected diagnostic ratio of PAHs were used to investigate the source apportionment of these PAHs. The potential toxicity, the ecological, and human health risk of PAHs in soil were estimated using the toxic equivalent quotient, the risk quotient, and the total lifetime cancer risk (TLCR) methods, respectively. The proposed new protocol gave improved recovery rates for the sixteen EPA PAHs particularly for low molecular weight PAHs, with satisfactory repeatability (RSD < 10%). The Σ16PAHs concentrations were varied from 143.73 to 4575.65 μg kg-1 with a mean value of 1209.56 μg kg-1. Σ16PAH concentrations found for the industrial areas would be 2 times higher than for urban soils and 3 times higher than for the rural soils. The biplots of PCA and the five diagnostic ratios suggested that the most sources of PAHs in the rural, the suburban, and the urban areas are traffic emissions, biomass burning, and coal combustion sources. Some points of the urban-industrial area are from the petroleum source. The found Σ16PAH concentrations and theirs calculated TEQs showed the following trend: industrial-urban > urban > suburban >rural. The potential cancer of human health risks calculated through TLCR results indicated that the exposure to the 7EPA PAH-contaminated soils produces negligible cancer risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Benlaribi
- Laboratoire d'Hydrométallurgie et Chimie Inorganique Moléculaire, USTHB, BP 32 El Alia, 16111, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria.
- Institut National de Criminalistique et de Criminologie de la Gendarmerie Nationale (INCC/GN), Cheraga, Algeria.
| | - Safia Djebbar
- Laboratoire d'Hydrométallurgie et Chimie Inorganique Moléculaire, USTHB, BP 32 El Alia, 16111, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria
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Klimkowicz-Pawlas A, Debaene G. Screening Risk Assessment of Agricultural Areas under a High Level of Anthropopressure Based on Chemical Indexes and VIS-NIR Spectroscopy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143151. [PMID: 32660157 PMCID: PMC7397210 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive anthropogenic activity may result in uncontrolled release of various pollutants that ultimately accumulate in soils and may adversely affect ecosystems and human health. Hazard screening, prioritisation and subsequent risk assessment are usually performed on a chemical-by-chemical basis and need expensive and time-consuming methods. Therefore, there is a need to look for fast and reliable methods of risk assessment and contamination prediction in soils. One promising technique in this regard is visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy. The aim of the study was to evaluate potential environmental risk in soils subjected to high level of anthropopressure using VIS-NIR spectroscopy and to calculate several risk indexes for both individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their mixture. Results showed that regarding 16PAH concentration, 78% of soil samples were contaminated. Risk assessment using the most conservative approach based on hazard quotients (HQ) for 10 individual PAHs allowed to conclude that 62% of the study area needs further action. Application of concentration addition or response addition models for 16PAHs mixture gave a more realistic assessment and indicates unacceptable risk in 23% and 55% of soils according to toxic units (TUm) and toxic pressure (TPm) approach. Toxic equivalency quotients (TEQ) were below the safe limit for human health protection in 88% of samples from study region. We present here the first attempt at predicting risk indexes using VIS-NIR spectroscopy. The best results were obtained with binary models. The accuracy of binary model can be ordered as follows: TPm (71.6%) < HI (85.1%) < TUm (87.9%) and TEQ (94.6%). Both chemical indexes and VIS-NIR can be successfully applied for first-tier risk assessment.
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Qi P, Qu C, Albanese S, Lima A, Cicchella D, Hope D, Cerino P, Pizzolante A, Zheng H, Li J, De Vivo B. Investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Caserta provincial territory, southern Italy: Spatial distribution, source apportionment, and risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121158. [PMID: 31541950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils from Caserta provincial territory, southern Italy, were systematically investigated along with their correlations with soil properties and health risk. The concentrations of ∑16PAHs ranged from 10.0 to 4191 ng/g, with a median (1 st quartile, Q1; 3rd quartile, Q3) of 28.5 (17.5-65.0) ng/g; Four-ring PAHs were the most abundant and contributed an average of ∼50.2% of the ∑16PAHs. Significant differences in the spatial distributions of PAHs in soil were observed, with higher levels of PAH contamination found in Caserta city and the surrounding areas. According to the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, three sources were identified: chemical production and metal smelting, vehicle emissions, and coal/biomass combustion. Soil total organic carbon was significantly correlated with the concentration of total PAHs and the concentrations of PAHs with three-, four-, and five-rings. In contrast, only the concentration of ∑4DBPs (dibenzo(a,e)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)pyrene, dibenzo(a,i)pyrene, dibenzo(a,l)pyrene) was well correlated with population density. The soil mass inventory of ∑16PAHs was estimated to be 6.87 metric tons (geometric mean). The ecological risks posed by PAHs in the study are negligible; however, health risks of exposure to soil-borne PAHs were identified based on a probabilistic risk model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhi Qi
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Chengkai Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80125, Italy; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
| | - Stefano Albanese
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lima
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Domenico Cicchella
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - David Hope
- Pacific Rim Laboratories Inc., Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzolante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Huang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiji Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Benedetto De Vivo
- Pegaso University, Naples 80132, Italy & Norwest Italia Srl, Naples, 80138, Italy
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Liang M, Liang H, Rao Z, Hong X. Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban-rural integration area soil, North China: Spatial distribution, sources and potential human health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:875-884. [PMID: 31252359 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The promotion of urbanization has accelerated the development of small manufacturing workshops and brought serious environmental problems. In this study, spatial distribution, sources and potential health risk for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban-rural integration area soil in North China (800 km2) were discussed. The average total concentration of 16 PAHs was 225 μg kg-1, and range from 25 to 15155 μg kg-1 (n = 250). According to the European soil quality standards, more than 70% of the samples don't reach the pollution level, while around the small workshop concentration area and non-ferrous metal smelter were more contaminated than other area. The spatial distribution of soil PAHs concentration shows that low molecular weight, medium molecular weight and high molecular weight is very similar to the distribution of total PAHs, indicating that is likely to be caused by point source pollution. The sources of PAHs were identified by positive matrix factorization. The main six sources in the region are coal and biomass combustion, creosote, coke tar, vehicle and oil, which is consistent with the local energy consumption structure. Finally, a deterministic assessment of the cancer risk showed that the range for children was 5.94 × 10-8 to 2.53 × 10-5, and adults it ranged from 2.11 × 10-8 to 9.01 × 10-6. There is not a carcinogenic risk value greater than 10-4 in the entire region, but potential carcinogenic risks persisted in some areas. We conclude that PAHs pollution of soil in the area is an issue that deserves urgent attention for the relevant departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Handong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zhu Rao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, 100037, China.
| | - Xiuping Hong
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China
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Chen S, Ma Z, Li S, Waigi MG, Jiang J, Liu J, Ling W. Colonization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria on roots reduces the risk of PAH contamination in vegetables. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105081. [PMID: 31404844 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This is a primary investigation on the mitigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (phenanthrene as a model PAH) contamination in vegetables including water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk), pakchoi (Brassica campestris) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis) using a gfp-labeled PAH-degrading bacterium (RS1-gfp). Effective root colonization led to dense RS1-gfp populations inhabiting the rhizosphere and endosphere of the vegetables, which subsequently led to a reduction in phenanthrene accumulation and risk in vegetables. When compared with the controls without RS1-gfp, the amount of phenanthrene accumulation due to strain RS1-gfp colonization reduced by up to ~93.7% in roots and ~75.2% in shoots of vegetables, respectively. The estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for adults due to phenanthrene in vegetables was reduced by 24.6%-48% through RS1-gfp inoculation. The proposed method was developed to circumvent the risk of phenanthrene contamination in vegetables by inoculating PAH-degrading bacteria. The findings provide an in-depth understanding of PAH detoxification in agricultural plants grown on contaminated sites by exploiting bacteria like RS1-gfp, which portray both rhizo- and endophytic lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shunyao Li
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Environmental Microbiology for Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Yu H, Li T, Liu Y, Ma L. Spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in urban soil of China. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:498-509. [PMID: 31125878 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution is becoming increasingly prominent and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are key pollutants in urban areas. Understanding the sources of PAH pollution is an effective step toward its control and reduction. The main purpose of this review was to collate the spatial distribution, pollution level, pollution sources, and potential risks of PAHs in urban soils of different regions of China. Relevant data of PAH soil contamination in Chinese provinces and cities were extracted from studies published from 2000 to 2018. The concentrations of total PAHs (Σ16PAHs) ranged from 65.01 to 23603.05 μg/kg for urban soils with a mean of 2801.98 μg/kg. According to the Maliszewska-Kordybach classification criteria, about 47% of the regions of China were heavily contaminated, 23% of the regions were contaminated, and 17% of the regions were weakly contaminated, while only 13% of regions were not contaminated. Based on the results of the total PAHs data from 30 provinces and cities and the results of individual compounds from 27 cities, 18 provinces and cities were classified as "severely" contaminated with a Nemero Comprehensive Index (PI) > 3.0. The results of this review indicate that the main sources of PAH pollution in urban soils of China are coal combustion and automobile exhaust emissions, followed by oil, biomass, and coke tar combustion. This review comprehensively collates the spatial distribution of PAH concentration, their composition, and dominant sources in urban soils of North and South China. Coal and oil combustion contribute more to total PAHs in North China while vehicle emissions and biomass combustion contribute more in South China. This regional difference suggests that PAH pollution in urban soils is a side-effect of a combination of regional development levels and human activities, which differ between North and South China. Risk assessment based on the benzo[a]pyrene toxicity equivalent factor indicates that the concentration of PAHs is low in most parts of China; however, several sensitive areas should receive increased attention. This review aims to provide improved decision-making support toward soil pollution control and monitoring based on the distribution and main pollution sources of PAHs in urban soil of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Limin Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Cachada A, Pato P, Ferreira da Silva E, Patinha C, Carreira RS, Pardal M, Duarte AC. Spatial distribution of organic and inorganic contaminants in Ria de Aveiro Lagoon: A fundamental baseline dataset. Data Brief 2019; 25:104285. [PMID: 31463345 PMCID: PMC6706762 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents baseline data of sediments characterization from Ria de Aveiro lagoon (Portugal). Twenty-two intertidal surface sediments were collected and analysed for their pseudo-total content of 25 major and trace elements and for their total content of PAHs (Sum16) and PCBs (Sum13). The fine fraction percentage and total organic carbon content were also determined. Ria de Aveiro Lagoon has been the target of several studies during the last decades, and it has been pointed out as a hot spot in terms of contamination García-Seoane et al., 2016. Nevertheless, data about sediments contamination is mostly focused on Hg Lillebø et al.,2011, and in a specific area of the lagoon Grilo et al., 2013, and there is not a clear and global picture about the spatial distribution of other elements, and especially of organic contaminants. Thus, this baseline dataset is of utmost importance for researchers and planners and it can be used to monitor the effect of disturbances, such as: dredging activities; hydrodynamic changes (either due to human activities or extreme events); external inputs (new discharges from industries and wastewater plants, etc).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Cachada
- CIIMAR-UP, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.,Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pato
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Carla Patinha
- Geobiotec & Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Renato S Carreira
- LabMAM, Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University, 22451-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miguel Pardal
- CFE & Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armando C Duarte
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Cappelletti N, Astoviza M, Morrone M, Tatone L. Urban geochemistry and potential human health risks in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires: PAHs and PCBs in soil, street dust, and bulk deposition. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:699-713. [PMID: 30066096 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil, street dust, and bulk deposition (dry and wet deposition) were collected in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (MABA), Argentina, to assess the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pollution and the potential risks to human health. Compared with other countries, the mean concentration of PAHs and PCBs in surface soils, street dust and bulk deposition of MABA were at a low or moderate level. Average PAHs and PCBs concentrations in bulk deposition (5.7 ± 5.1 and 0.41 ± 0.25 µg g-1, respectively) were five and ten times higher than those of soil (1.08 ± 0.98 and 0.02 ± 0.01 µg g-1) and street dust (1.2 ± 0.95 and 0.04 ± 0.03 µg g-1), respectively. Different compositional profiles, observed in the three matrices for both groups of contaminants, could be attributed to dissimilar source contribution, partition processes between gas and particulate phases, and transformation. The most contaminated bulk deposition presented higher values for cancer and non-cancer risks relative to soil and street dust. In all matrices, non-carcinogenic risks were below the safety threshold (HI < 1). Regarding carcinogenic risks, exposure to both bulk deposition and soil indicated a moderated potential for cancerous development (Incremental lifetime cancer risk ~ 3.0 × 10-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cappelletti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Grupo de investigación en Geología Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda-Comisión investigaciones científicas, España 350, 1870, Avellaneda, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Astoviza
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental y Biogeoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Av. Calchaqui 6200, 1888, Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Morrone
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Tatone
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental y Biogeoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Av. Calchaqui 6200, 1888, Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Multivariate Analysis for Assessing Sources, and Potential Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Lisbon Urban Soils. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urban soils quality may be severely affected by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination, as is the case of Lisbon (Portugal). However, to conduct a risk assessment analysis in an urban area can be a very difficult task due to the patchy nature and heterogeneity of these soils. Thus, the present study aims to provide an example on how to perform the first tier of a risk assessment plan in the case of urban soils using a simpler, cost effective, and reliable framework. Thus, a study was conducted in Lisbon to assess the levels of PAH, their potential risks to the environment and human health, and to identify their major sources. Source apportionment was performed by studying PAHs profiles, their relationship with potentially toxic elements, and general characteristics of soil using multivariate statistical methods. Results showed that geostatistical tools are useful for evaluating the spatial distribution and major inputs of PAHs in urban soils, as well as to identify areas of potential concern, showing their usefulness in risk assessment analysis and urban planning. Particularly, the prediction maps obtained allowed for a clear identification of areas with the highest levels of PAHs (close to the airport and in the city center). The high concentrations found in soils from the city center should be a result of long-term accumulation due to diffuse pollution mostly from traffic (through atmospheric emissions, tire debris and fuel exhaust, as well as pavement debris). Indeed, most of the sites sampled in the city center were historical gardens and parks. The calculation of potential risks based on different models showed that there is a high discrepancy among guidelines, and that risks will be extremely associated with the endpoint or parameters used in the different models. Nevertheless, this initial approach based on total levels was useful for identifying areas where a more detailed risk assessment is needed (close to the airport and in the city center). Therefore, the use of prediction maps can be very useful for urban planning, for example, by crossing information obtained with land uses, it is possible to define the most problematic areas (e.g., playgrounds and schools).
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