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Huang W, Liu S, Zhang T, Wu H, Pu S. Bibliometric analysis and systematic review of electrochemical methods for environmental remediation. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 144:113-136. [PMID: 38802224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical methods are increasingly favored for remediating polluted environments due to their environmental compatibility and reagent-saving features. However, a comprehensive understanding of recent progress, mechanisms, and trends in these methods is currently lacking. Web of Science (WoS) databases were utilized for searching the primary data to understand the knowledge structure and research trends of publications on electrochemical methods and to unveil certain hotspots and future trends of electrochemical methods research. The original data were sampled from 9080 publications in those databases with the search deadline of June 1st, 2022. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software facilitated data visualization and analysis of document quantities, source journals, institutions, authors, and keywords. We discussed principles, influencing factors, and progress related to seven major electrochemical methods. Notably, publications on this subject have experienced significant growth since 2007. The most frequently-investigated areas in electrochemical methods included novel materials development, heavy metal remediation, organic pollutant degradation, and removal mechanism identification. "Advanced oxidation process" and "Nanocomposite" are currently trending topics. The major remediation mechanisms are adsorption, oxidation, and reduction. The efficiency of electrochemical systems is influenced by material properties, system configuration, electron transfer efficiency, and power density. Electro-Fenton exhibits significant advantages in achieving synergistic effects of anodic oxidation and electro-adsorption among the seven techniques. Future research should prioritize the improvement of electron transfer efficiency, the optimization of electrode materials, the exploration of emerging technology coupling, and the reduction in system operation and maintenance costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Huang
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Shibin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China.
| | - Shengyan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
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2
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Gaur K, Kaur K, Bhardwaj G, Kaur N, Singh N. Benzimidazolium Salt Modified Microporous Silica-Coupled Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Material Engineered for Nitrate Removal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:49790-49800. [PMID: 39231029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Today's extensive use of inorganic fertilizers in agricultural techniques has increased the concentration of nitrate in drinking water beyond safety limits, causing serious health problems in humans such as thyroidism and methemoglobinemia. Therefore, the present work describes the synthesis of a benzimidazolium salt-based fluorescent chemosensor (KG3) via a multistep synthesis which detects nitrate ions in aqueous medium. This was validated using various analytical techniques such as fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and electrochemical studies with a detection limit of 0.032 μM without any interference from other active water pollutants. Subsequently, KG3 is further modified with the help of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and silica to obtain the SiO2@Fe3O4-KG3 nanocomposite, which was immobilized over a polyether sulfone membrane and evaluated for removal of nitrate ions from groundwater with a removal efficiency of 96%. Moreover, the engineered composite membrane can serve as a solid-state fluorescence sensor to detect NO3- ions, which was demonstrated through a portable mobile-based prototype employing a hue, saturation, and value parameter model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostubh Gaur
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Geetika Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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Samdan C, Demiral H, Simsek YE, Demiral I, Karabacakoglu B, Bozkurt T, Cin HH. Effective degradation of bentazone by two-dimensional and three-phase, three-dimensional electro-oxidation system: kinetic studies and optimization using ANN. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:51267-51299. [PMID: 39107643 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Bentazone is a broad-leaved weed-specific herbicide in the pesticide industry. This study focused on removing bentazone from water using three different methods: a two and three-dimensional electro-oxidation process (2D/EOP and 3D/EOP) with a fluid-type reactor arrangement using tetraethylenepentamine-loaded particle electrodes and an adsorption method. Additionally, we analysed the effects of two types of supporting electrolytes (Na2SO4 and NaCl) on the degradation process. The energy consumption amounts were calculated to evaluate the obtained results. The degradation reaction occurs 3.5 times faster in 3D/EOP than in 2D/EOP at 6 V in Na2SO4. Similarly, the degradation reaction of bentazone in NaCl occurs 2.5 times faster in 3D/EOP than in 2D/EOP at a value of 7.2 mA/cm2. Removal of bentazone is significantly better in 3D/EOPs than in 2D/EOPs. The use of particle electrodes can significantly enhance the degradation efficiency. The study further assessed the prediction abilities of the machine learning model (ANN). The ANN presented reasonable accuracy in bentazone degradation with high R2 values of 0.97953, 0.98561, 0.98563, and 0.99649 for 2D with Na2SO4, 2D with NaCl, 3D with Na2SO4, and 3D with NaCl, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Samdan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Demiral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Simsek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11100, TR, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Demiral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Belgin Karabacakoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Tugce Bozkurt
- Chemical Engineering Department, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Hatice Hurrem Cin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
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4
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Li W, Xie P, Zhou H, Zhao H, Yang B, Xiong J. Preparation of Lanthanum-Modified Tea Waste Biochar and Its Adsorption Performance on Fluoride in Water. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:766. [PMID: 38591626 PMCID: PMC10856180 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, tea waste was used as a raw material, and TBC (tea waste biochar) was prepared by pyrolysis at 700 °C. La(NO3)3·6H2O was used as the modifier to optimize one-way modification; the orthogonal experiment was undertaken to determine the optimal preparation conditions; and La-TBC (lanthanum-modified biochar) was obtained. The key factors for the adsorption of fluoride by La-TBC were investigated by means of batch adsorption experiments, and kinetics and isothermal adsorption experiments were carried out on the adsorption of fluoride in geothermal hot spring water. The adsorption mechanism of fluoride by La-TBC was analyzed via characterization methods such as SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and so on. The results show that La-TBC had the best adsorption effect on fluoride at pH 7. The process of adsorption of fluoride follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isothermal model, and the maximum theoretical adsorption quantity was 47.47 mg/g at 80 °C, while the removal rate of fluoride from the actual geothermal hot spring water reached more than 95%. The adsorption process was dominated by the monolayer adsorption of chemicals, and the mechanisms mainly include pore filling, ion exchange, and electrostatic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jian Xiong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China; (W.L.); (P.X.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (B.Y.)
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Ahmed AM, Mekonnen ML, Mekonnen KN. Polymer-based nanocomposite adsorbents for resource recovery from wastewater. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31687-31703. [PMID: 37908667 PMCID: PMC10613956 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05453e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing mitigation mechanisms for eutrophication caused by the uncontrolled release of nutrients is in the interest of the scientific community. Adsorption, being operationally simple and economical with no significant secondary pollution, has proven to be a feasible technology for resource recovery. However, the utility of adsorption often lies in the availability of effective adsorbents. In this regard, polymer-based nanocomposite (PNC) adsorbents have been highly acclaimed by researchers because of their high surface area, multiple functional groups, biodegradability, and ease of large-scale production. This review paper elaborates on the functionality, adsorption mechanisms, and factors that affect the adsorption and adsorption-desorption cycles of PNC adsorbents toward nutrient resources. Moreover, this review gives insight into the application of recovered nutrient resources in soil amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminat Mohammed Ahmed
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- Nanotechnology Centre of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wollo University P.O. Box 1145, Dessie Ethiopia
| | - Menbere Leul Mekonnen
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- Nanotechnology Centre of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Nigussie Mekonnen
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- Nanotechnology Centre of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University P.O. Box 231 Mekelle Ethiopia
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Qing J, Zhang G, Zeng L, Guan W, Cao Z, Li Q, Wang M, Chen Y, Wu S. Deep fluoride removal from the sulfate leaching solution of spent LIBs by complexation extraction with Al3+ loaded solvent. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Ahmed AM, Mekonnen ML, Mekonnen KN. Polymer-based nanocomposite adsorbents for resource recovery from wastewater. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31687-31703. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1039/d3ra05453e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adsorption is alternative technique for recovery of nutrient resources with no/less secondary pollution. PNC adsorbents are effective for removal and recovery of nutrient resources, and reusing nutrients as fertilizer could prevent eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminat Mohammed Ahmed
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Nanotechnology Centre of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Menbere Leul Mekonnen
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Nanotechnology Centre of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Nigussie Mekonnen
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Nanotechnology Centre of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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8
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Effective Removal of Phosphate from Waste Water Based on Silica Nanoparticles. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9944126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the potential application of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) prepared from rice husk ash (RHA) to reuse phosphate from aqueous solution. The physicochemical analysis illustrated that the SiNPs, which were extracted from waste biomass, have a nonuniform shape with a size range of a few nanometer to hundreds of nanometers, a surface area of 15.56 m2·g−1, and an adsorption pore width of 4.06 nm. Those results carried out the possibility to utilize the SiNPs for removal of phosphate. Findings from the batch sorption experiments showed that the phosphate adsorption was controlled by experimental parameters, i.e., pH, adsorbent dosage, concentration of adsorbate, and adsorption time. The experimental results showed that the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of SiNPs was achieved at around 9.08 mg·g−1 at adsorption conditions, i.e., pH 7, SiNPs dosage of 0.3 g, and adsorption time of 90 min. The phosphate removal based on SiNPs will offer several benefit such as an effective and low cost method, reliable to reuse as an effective slow release phosphate fertilizer.
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9
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Kumar R, Sharma P, Yang W, Sillanpää M, Shang J, Bhattacharya P, Vithanage M, Maity JP. State-of-the-art of research progress on adsorptive removal of fluoride-contaminated water using biochar-based materials: Practical feasibility through reusability and column transport studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114043. [PMID: 36029838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F-) is one of the essential elements found in soil and water released from geogenic sources and several anthropogenic activities. Fluoride causes fluorosis, dental and skeletal growth problems, teeth mottling, and neurological damage due to prolonged consumption, affecting millions worldwide. Adsorption is an extensively implemented technique in water and wastewater treatment for fluoride, with significant potential due to efficiency, cost-effectiveness, ease of operation, and reusability. This review highlights the current state of knowledge for fluoride adsorption using biochar-based materials and the limitations of biochar for fluoride-contaminated groundwater and industrial wastewater treatment. Biochar materials have shown significant adsorption capacities for fluoride under the influence of low pH, biochar dose, initial concentration, temperature, and co-existing ions. Modified biochar possesses various functional groups (-OH, -CC, -C-O, -CONH, -C-OH, X-OH), in which enhanced hydroxyl (-OH) groups onto the surface plays a significant role in fluoride adsorption via electrostatic attraction and ion exchange. Regeneration and reusability of biochar sorbents need to be performed to a greater extent to improve removal efficiency and reusability in field conditions. Furthermore, the present investigation identifies the limitations of biochar materials in treating fluoride-contaminated drinking groundwater and industrial effluents. The fluoride removal using biochar-based materials at an industrial scale for understanding the practical feasibility is yet to be documented. This review work recommend the feasibility of biochar-based materials in column studies for fluoride remediation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Bihar, 803116, India
| | - Prabhakar Sharma
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Bihar, 803116, India.
| | - Wen Yang
- Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa; Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Jianying Shang
- Department of Soil and Water Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen, 10B SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Jyoti Prakash Maity
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
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10
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Liu W, Wang F, Chen X, Zhi W, Wang X, Xu B, Yang B. Design of "turn-off" luminescent Ln-MOFs for sensitive detection of cyanide anions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15741-15749. [PMID: 36178037 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01844f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel 2D lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs), namely {[Eu2(DBTA)3(DMF)2]·DMF}n (1) and {[Tb2(DBTA)3(DMF)2]·DMF}n (2) (H2DBTA = 2,5-dibromoterephthalic acid), have been successfully synthesized by the solvothermal method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction results proved that the complexes possess the same topological structure of a (42·6)2(42·84)(47·63)2-connected net. The recognition of CN- from interfering anions with a low detection limit by "turn-off" luminescence makes them promising candidates for the highly selective and sensitive detection of the cyanide ion. The Ln-MOFs 1 and 2 exhibit excellent chemical sensing properties for CN- with efficiency, selectivity, and excellent performance in various mixed anions. The evaluation parameters, including the quenching constant and detection limit, have been investigated to obtain the detection performance for CN-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming 650093, China. .,Key Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy for Nonferrous Metal of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, China.,Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Fei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming 650093, China. .,Key Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy for Nonferrous Metal of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, China.,Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Wenke Zhi
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Xuquan Wang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Baoqiang Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming 650093, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming 650093, China.
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Biswas B, Goel S. Electrocoagulation and electrooxidation technologies for pesticide removal from water or wastewater: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134709. [PMID: 35489460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are known to be threats to the environment and human health. Excessive use of pesticides in agricultural practice can contaminate water bodies, leading to cancer, asthma, neurological disorders, reproductive defects, and hormonal disruption. Electrochemical methods such as electrocoagulation and electrooxidation can be used for pesticide removal due to their numerous advantages such as high efficiency, less sludge production, and low operational cost. During electrocoagulation, dissolution of anode metals results in metal hydroxide complexes, which precipitate with the contaminant present in the reactor. Simultaneously, electro-flotation occurs at the cathode and results in the evolution of hydrogen gas bubbles, leading to flotation of floc to the top surface of the reactor. This review focuses on the removal mechanisms, kinetics, modeling, effects of influencing factors, and sludge characterization of pesticide removal using electrocoagulation and electrooxidation. Major influencing factors include cell configuration, electrode material, current density, pH, supporting electrolyte concentration. In general, aluminum and iron are the most common electrodes used for pesticide removal using electrocoagulation, while boron-doped diamond was used to a far greater extent as the electrode in electrooxidation studies. Greater than 99% removal efficiency was observed in both processes. Overall, this review summarizes the use of electrochemical methods for pesticide removal and offers valuable information to researchers in this area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwatma Biswas
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudha Goel
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India.
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12
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Alkhadra M, Su X, Suss ME, Tian H, Guyes EN, Shocron AN, Conforti KM, de Souza JP, Kim N, Tedesco M, Khoiruddin K, Wenten IG, Santiago JG, Hatton TA, Bazant MZ. Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13547-13635. [PMID: 35904408 PMCID: PMC9413246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water pollution is exacerbated by the decreasing ability of traditional treatment methods to comply with tightening environmental standards. This review provides a comprehensive description of the principles and applications of electrochemical methods for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion. Electrochemical methods have attractive features such as compact size, chemical selectivity, broad applicability, and reduced generation of secondary waste. Perhaps the greatest advantage of electrochemical methods, however, is that they remove contaminants directly from the water, while other technologies extract the water from the contaminants, which enables efficient removal of trace pollutants. The review begins with an overview of conventional electrochemical methods, which drive chemical or physical transformations via Faradaic reactions at electrodes, and proceeds to a detailed examination of the two primary mechanisms by which contaminants are separated in nondestructive electrochemical processes, namely electrokinetics and electrosorption. In these sections, special attention is given to emerging methods, such as shock electrodialysis and Faradaic electrosorption. Given the importance of generating clean, renewable energy, which may sometimes be combined with water purification, the review also discusses inverse methods of electrochemical energy conversion based on reverse electrosorption, electrowetting, and electrokinetic phenomena. The review concludes with a discussion of technology comparisons, remaining challenges, and potential innovations for the field such as process intensification and technoeconomic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
A. Alkhadra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew E. Suss
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Wolfson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Nancy
and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Huanhuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric N. Guyes
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Amit N. Shocron
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kameron M. Conforti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - J. Pedro de Souza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nayeong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michele Tedesco
- European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Juan G. Santiago
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Z. Bazant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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Konadu-Amoah B, Hu R, Ndé-Tchoupé AI, Gwenzi W, Noubactep C. Metallic iron (Fe 0)-based materials for aqueous phosphate removal: A critical review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 315:115157. [PMID: 35526394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of excessive phosphate from wastewater sources into the aquatic environment has been identified as a major environmental threat responsible for eutrophication. It has become essential to develop efficient but affordable techniques to remove excess phosphate from wastewater before discharging into freshwater bodies. The use of metallic iron (Fe0) as a reactive agent for aqueous phosphate removal has received a wide attention. Fe0 in-situ generates positively charged iron corrosion products (FeCPs) at pH > 4.5, with high binding affinity for anionic phosphate. This study critically reviews the literature that focuses on the utilization of Fe0-based materials for aqueous phosphate removal. The fundamental science of aqueous iron corrosion and historical background of the application of Fe0 for phosphate removal are elucidated. The main mechanisms for phosphate removal are identified and extensively discussed based on the chemistry of the Fe0/H2O system. This critical evaluation confirms that the removal process is highly influenced by several operational factors including contact time, Fe0 type, influent geochemistry, initial phosphate concentration, mixing conditions, and pH value. The difficulty in comparing independent results owing to diverse experimental conditions is highlighted. Moreover, contemporary research in progress including Fe0/oxidant systems, nano-Fe0 application, Fe0 material selection, desorption studies, and proper design of Fe0-based systems for improved phosphate removal have been discussed. Finally, potential strategies to close the loop in Fe0-based phosphate remediation systems are discussed. This review presents a science-based guide to optimize the efficient design of Fe0-based systems for phosphate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Konadu-Amoah
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Fo Cheng Xi Road 8, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Rui Hu
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Fo Cheng Xi Road 8, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Arnaud Igor Ndé-Tchoupé
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Fo Cheng Xi Road 8, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Chicgoua Noubactep
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Fo Cheng Xi Road 8, Nanjing, 211100, China; Centre for Modern Indian Studies (CeMIS), University of Göttingen, Waldweg 26, 37073, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Water and Environmental Science and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; Faculty of Science and Technology, Campus of Banekane, Université des Montagnes, P.O. Box 208, Bangangté, Cameroon.
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14
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Özyonar F, Korkmaz MU. Sequential use of the electrocoagulation-electrooxidation processes for domestic wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133172. [PMID: 34914950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the decrease in useable water resources day by day necessitates studies on the protection of resources by treating wastewater. It is also one of the best options for reusing the water to be treated, and electrochemical technologies can be an alternative to existing technologies, because of the easy operation and effectiveness of pollutants treatment. The study evaluated the treatment of domestic wastewater by Electrocoagulation-Electrooxidation successive processes in continuous and batch modes. The effects of the operational parameters on the Electrocoagulation and Electrooxidation processes were determined for removals of chemical oxygen demand, ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, turbidity, phosphate-phosphorus, nitrite-nitrogen, and Escherichia coli. The experiments revealed that the Electrocoagulation process effectively removed all pollutants but not ammonium-nitrogen. After the Electrocoagulation process was completed, ammonium-nitrogen from domestic wastewater treatment was removed with the Electrooxidation process for further treatment. The optimum operational conditions in the Electrocoagulation process were electrode type iron anode-carbon felt cathode, current density 100 A m-2, initial pH original, and operation time 20 min. Under these conditions, removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, phosphate-phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, and Escherichia coli were found to be 90.2%, 96%, 88.2%, 73.6%, and 97.9%, respectively. The removal efficiencies for the optimum operating conditions of the Electrooxidation process using Ti/SbO2 anode and stainless steel cathode were obtained as 95.4% (chemical oxygen demand), 89.4% (ammonium-nitrogen), and 99.99% (Escherichia coli) at 100 A m-2, 5 mm electrode distance, and 30 min operation time. Finally, the EC process is an effective process for removing chemical oxygen demand, phosphate-phosphorus, turbidity, nitrite-nitrogen, and nitrate-nitrogen. However, the Electrooxidation process is a successful process for the treatment of ammonium-nitrogen and Escherichia coli. This research revealed that the sequential processes effectively removed organic, inorganic, and Escherichia coli from domestic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Özyonar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Utku Korkmaz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
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15
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Mu T, Park M, Kim KY. Energy-efficient removal of PFOA and PFOS in water using electrocoagulation with an air-cathode. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130956. [PMID: 34289618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) with a zinc anode demonstrated promising results to remove perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from an aqueous solution. However, the energy requirement for EC is usually very high due to water electrolysis or aeration. This study aims to reduce energy consumption using an air-cathode in EC (ACEC) to supply oxygen electron acceptor without aeration for attenuating PFOA/PFOS in this new configuration. For the high PFOA concentration (0.25 mM), ACEC with 45 min of the reaction time exhibited an excellent PFOA removal (99.8 ± 0.3% removal) comparable to an EC with aeration (EC-aeration, 100% removal) while achieving much less energy consumption (0.14 kWh/m3). For the low PFOA concentration (0.1 μM), only 41.1 ± 11.6% was removed by the ACEC due to the low concentration gradient for adsorption. EC-aeration achieved higher PFOA removal (81.9 ± 15.1%) for the low PFOA concentration, possibly because air bubbles floated PFOA to the water surface, thereby concentrating PFOA. The PFOS removals in the ACEC and EC-aeration (76.4-88.5%) at the high concentration (0.25 mM) were lower than PFOA due tentatively to its micelle formation. However, PFOS was removed better than PFOA at the low concentration (0.1 μM) due to its higher hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Mu
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Minkyu Park
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0011, USA
| | - Kyoung-Yeol Kim
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
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16
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Mousazadeh M, Niaragh EK, Usman M, Khan SU, Sandoval MA, Al-Qodah Z, Khalid ZB, Gilhotra V, Emamjomeh MM. A critical review of state-of-the-art electrocoagulation technique applied to COD-rich industrial wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43143-43172. [PMID: 34164789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the emerging technologies in groundwater and wastewater treatment as it combines the benefits of coagulation, sedimentation, flotation, and electrochemical oxidation processes. Extensive research efforts implementing EC technology have been executed over the last decade to treat chemical oxygen demand (COD)-rich industrial wastewaters with the aim to protect freshwater streams (e.g., rivers, lakes) from pollution. A comprehensive review of the available recent literature utilizing EC to treat wastewater with high COD levels is presented. In addition, recommendations are provided for future studies to improve the EC technology and broaden its range of application. This review paper introduces some technologies which are often adopted for industrial wastewater treatment. Then, the EC process is compared with those techniques as a treatment for COD-rich wastewater. The EC process is considered as the most privileged technology by different research groups owing to its ability to deal with abundant volumes of wastewater. After, the application of EC as a single and combined treatment for COD-rich wastewaters is thoroughly reviewed. Finally, this review attempts to highlight the potentials and limitations of EC. Related to the EC process in batch operation mode, the best operational conditions are found at 10 V and 60 min of voltage and reaction time, respectively. These last values guarantee high COD removal efficiencies of > 90%. This review also concludes that considerably large operation costs of the EC process appears to be the serious drawback and renders it as an unfeasible approach for handling of COD rich wastewaters. In the end, this review has attempted to highlights the potential and limitation of EC and suggests that vast notably research in the field of continuous flow EC system is essential to introduce this technology as a convincing wastewater technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Student research committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elnaz Karamati Niaragh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3, 20173, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saif Ullah Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202001, India
| | - Miguel Angel Sandoval
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Zakaria Al-Qodah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zaied Bin Khalid
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Vishakha Gilhotra
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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17
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Use of Electrocoagulation for Treatment of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Water/Wastewater: A Review Exploring Opportunities and Challenges. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13152105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing dependency on pharmaceutical compounds including antibiotics, analgesics, antidepressants, and other drugs has threatened the environment as well as human health. Their occurrence, transformation, and fate in the environment are causing significant concerns. Several existing treatment technologies are there with their pros and cons for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater (PWW). Still, electrocoagulation is considered as the modern and decisive technology for treatment. In the EC process, utilizing electricity (AC/DC) and electrodes, contaminants become coagulated with the metal hydroxide and are separated by co-precipitation. The main mechanism is charge neutralization and adsorption of contaminants on the generated flocs. The range of parameters affects the EC process and is directly related to the removal efficiency and its overall operational cost. This process only could be scaled up on the industrial level if process parameters become optimized and energy consumption is reduced. Unfortunately, the removal mechanism of particular pharmaceuticals and complex physiochemical phenomena involved in this process are not fully understood. For this reason, further research and reviews are required to fill the knowledge gap. This review discusses the use of EC for removing pharmaceuticals and focuses on removal mechanism and process parameters, the cost assessment, and the challenges involved in mitigation.
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18
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Viltres H, López YC, Leyva C, Gupta NK, Naranjo AG, Acevedo–Peña P, Sanchez-Diaz A, Bae J, Kim KS. Polyamidoamine dendrimer-based materials for environmental applications: A review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Xiao X, Deng Y, Xue J, Gao Y. Adsorption of chromium by functionalized metal organic frameworks from aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1930-1942. [PMID: 31633450 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1683618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on Cu-BTC metal-organic framework, thiol-functionalized and amino functionalized materials were prepared by the modified Stöber method. Then, the Cu3(BTC)2 and the functionalized materials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, SEM-EDS and FT-IR analysis. The adsorption properties of two materials for Cr(VI) were investigated. Both functionalized materials show good adsorption under acidic conditions. Through adsorption model analysis, the adsorption of Cr(VI) by the two materials were more in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The adsorption capacities of Langmuir isothermal fitting were 15.17 mg g-1 and 7.17 mg g-1, respectively. During the adsorption process, the functionalized material does not swell and is insoluble in water. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity is basically constant and the material can be reused. The results show that the above two functionalized MOFs have good application prospects in the adsorption and removal of heavy metal Cr(VI) in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Deng
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Xue
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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20
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Recent advances in removal techniques of Cr(VI) toxic ion from aqueous solution: A comprehensive review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Irfan M, Liu X, Hussain K, Mushtaq S, Cabrera J, Zhang P. The global research trend on cadmium in freshwater: a bibliometric review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 30:10.1007/s11356-021-13894-7. [PMID: 33877520 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium pollution turns out to be a global environmental problem. This study conducted a quantitative and qualitative bibliometric analysis based on 9188 research items from the Web of Science Core Collection published in the last 20 years (2000-2020), presenting an in-depth statistical investigation of global freshwater cadmium research progress and developing trend. Our results demonstrated that the researchers from China, the USA, and India contribute the most to this field. The primary sources of cadmium are mining, industry, wastewater, sedimentation, and agricultural activities. In developing countries, cadmium exposure occurs mainly through the air, freshwater, and food. Fish and vegetables are the main food sources of cadmium for humans because of their high accumulation capability. Source evaluation, detection, and remediation represent the main technologies used to clean up cadmium-contaminated sites. To mitigate the risk of cadmium contamination in freshwater, biomarker-based cadmium monitoring methods and integrated policies/strategies to reduce cadmium exposure merit further concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhua Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, People's Republic of China.
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Suraya Mushtaq
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonnathan Cabrera
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
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22
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Younas A, Rashid HN, Hussain D, Naqvi STR, Khan MA, Fatima B, Majeed S. Chlorfenapyr containing anions uptake from industrial wastewater by ethylene glycol functionalized benzyl dimethyl tetradecyl ammonium bromide membrane. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 284:112017. [PMID: 33516981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The preservation of water and wastewater treatment has become a global challenge. The concentration of anions such as chlorides, fluorides, cyanides, and perchlorates above the permitted levels in water is harmful to human and aquatic life. Chlorfenapyr is an insecticide that contains the aforesaid anions and is abundantly present in industrial wastewater. This research is focused on the removal of these anions from wastewater by ethylene glycol functionalized benzyl dimethyl tetradecyl ammonium bromide immobilized on soluble polymer anion exchange membrane. The real wastewater samples rich in chlorfenapyr from two different sources (industrial and pond) were analyzed. Membrane efficiency was more than 50 ppm for each anion in a single fold. The double folds of membrane showed enhanced uptake and separation efficiency for chloride, fluoride, and cyanide from wastewater samples between 0.01 and 0.02 ppm down to lethal concenetrations values (LD 50). The membrane shows maximum separation efficiency between the pH ranges of 6-7. The interference effect on membrane separation efficiency showed that the replacement ability of sample anions was in the order of fluoride > chloride > perchlorate > cyanide. This high replacement efficiency of fluoride and chloride is attributed to the more chemical interactions of these anions with membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Younas
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Nadia Rashid
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Dilshad Hussain
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ali Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Batool Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Saadat Majeed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
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23
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Zhu G, Zhu J, Liu Q, Fu X, Chen Z, Li K, Cao F, Qin Q, Jiao M. HPO 42- enhanced catalytic activity of N, S, B, and O-codoped carbon nanosphere-armored Co 9S 8 nanoparticles for organic pollutants degradation via peroxymonosulfate activation: critical roles of superoxide radical, singlet oxygen and electron transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5283-5297. [PMID: 33630982 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04773b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report a facile synthesis of a novel N, S, B, and O-codoped carbon nanosphere-armored Co9S8 nanoparticle composite (Co9S8@NSBOC) and its superior activation performance toward peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for methylene blue (MB) and ofloxacin degradation. The effects of various experimental parameters and the general applicability of the catalyst were investigated. Particularly, Co9S8@NSBOC exhibited high catalytic activity in a wide pH range of 3-12 and HPO42- exhibited a synergic catalytic effect with Co9S8@NSBOC in the degradation system. Radical quenching tests, EPR measurements and electrochemical analysis demonstrated that the degradation mechanism of pollutants in the Co9S8@NSBOC/PMS system included both radical and non-radical pathways, in which ˙O2-, 1O2 and electron transfer played dominant roles. Co2+, S2-, carbon defects, C[double bond, length as m-dash]O/C-O-C, pyridinic-N, graphitic-N, BC2O and C-S-C species on Co9S8@NSBOC, all contributed to PMS activation. The degradation pathways of MB and ofloxacin were proposed based on HPLC-MS/MS analysis of their degradation intermediates. This work not only presents a facile and practical synthetic method of cobalt sulfide-coupled multi-heteroatom-doped carbocatalysts, but also provides useful insights into their active sites and activation mechanisms toward PMS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genxing Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P. R. China.
| | - Jialu Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Fu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P. R. China.
| | - Ziyi Chen
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P. R. China
| | - Fengyi Cao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Qin
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P. R. China.
| | - Mingli Jiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P. R. China.
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24
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Dargahi A, Shokoohi R, Asgari G, Ansari A, Nematollahi D, Samarghandi MR. Moving-bed biofilm reactor combined with three-dimensional electrochemical pretreatment (MBBR-3DE) for 2,4-D herbicide treatment: application for real wastewater, improvement of biodegradability. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9608-9620. [PMID: 35423457 PMCID: PMC8695511 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10821a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a herbicide that is considered as a carcinogenic and highly toxic contaminant, and due to its biological and chemical stability, its degradation is very difficult. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate a hybrid system's efficiency of three-dimensional electrochemical (3DE) process and a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) in removing 2,4-D herbicides from aqueous solutions. In this experimental study, the electrochemical degradation of 2,4-D herbicide in a 3DE process with a G/β-PbO2 anode was first investigated as a pretreatment process. Then, in the post-treatment stage, MBBR with continuous flow was used. The amount of aeration in the MBBR reactor was 4 L min-1, and the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) was in the range of 3-5 mg L-1. The effect of various parameters such as hydraulic retention time (HRT) and filling ratio were investigated. The amount of sewage injection was set between 0.001-0.004 L min-1. Routine microbiological biochemical tests were used to detect bacteria. BOD5/COD, COD/TOC, AOS, and COS ratio parameters were used to determine the biodegradability of 2.4-D due to the effluent of the 3DE process. The results showed that with increasing current density, decreasing pH, decreasing herbicide concentration and increasing electrolysis time, the herbicide degradation efficiency increased by 3DE pretreatment process. Based on the results of MBBR post-treatment process efficiency, with increasing HRT and filling ratio, the herbicide removal efficiency increased. According to the results, the highest removal efficiencies of 2,4-D and COD herbicides were obtained during HRT of 24 h, and the filling ratio of 70% were 97.33% and 88.95%, respectively. The consortium of 2,4-D degrading bacteria identified in this study included E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Alcaligenes spp., Proteus spp., Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Arthrobacter, and Brevundimonas vesicularis. In the MBBR biological process, the reaction kinetics followed the Grau second-order model (R 2 = 0.98). In general, the results showed that the combined process of 3DE with G/β-PbO2 anode and MBBR biological process has relatively high efficiency in 2,4-D herbicide degradation and can be used as a suitable complementary treatment method in wastewater containing non-degradable compounds such as phenoxy herbicides, e.g., 2,4-D should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Dargahi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil Iran
| | - Reza Shokoohi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
| | - Ghorban Asgari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
| | - Amin Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University Hamadan Iran
| | - Davood Nematollahi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University Hamadan Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Samarghandi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Dep. Environmental Engineering School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
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25
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Electrocoagulation as a Promising Defluoridation Technology from Water: A Review of State of the Art of Removal Mechanisms and Performance Trends. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride ions present in drinking water are beneficial to human health when at proper concentration levels (0.5–1.5 mg L−1), but an excess intake of fluoride (>1.5 mg L−1) may pose several health problems. In this context, reducing high fluoride concentrations in water is a major worldwide challenge. The World Health Organization has recommended setting a permissible limit of 1.5 mg L−1. The application of electrocoagulation (EC) processes has received widespread and increasing attention as a promising treatment technology and a competitive treatment for fluoride control. EC technology has been favourably applied due to its economic effectiveness, environmental versatility, amenability of automation, and low sludge production. This review provides more detailed information on fluoride removal from water by the EC process, including operating parameters, removal mechanisms, energy consumption, and operating costs. Additionally, it also focuses attention on future trends related to improve defluoridation efficiency.
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Sandoval MA, Fuentes R, Thiam A, Salazar R. Arsenic and fluoride removal by electrocoagulation process: A general review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142108. [PMID: 33207438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The environmental sector has expressed a growing interest in using electrocoagulation (EC) to treat groundwater/wastewater for drinking/recycling purposes. In the EC process, the electro-dissolution of sacrificial metallic anodes through direct application of current/cell potential dissolves the metals, which precipitate as oxides and hydroxides depending on the electrolyte pH. These particles have large surface areas and can remove pollutants by coagulation. The EC process has been considered an alternative technology due to its versatility, efficiency, low cost, and environmental compatibility. Unfortunately, the lack of knowledge about scaling-up this process has limited its implementation at the industrial scale. The aim of this study is to provide a review of the EC process used for removing arsenic and fluoride from groundwater and wastewater. Approximately 80 published studies were reviewed for this paper. The fundamentals of the EC process and importance of its operating conditions, i.e., electrode material, current density, supporting electrolyte, and pH, are reported in this paper. Additionally, overview of floc characterization and energy consumption are also presented. Finally, this paper also discusses the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sandoval
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile; Universidad de Guanajuato, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Rosalba Fuentes
- Universidad de Guanajuato, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Abdoulaye Thiam
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la I+D+i, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Salazar
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile.
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Al-Qodah Z, Tawalbeh M, Al-Shannag M, Al-Anber Z, Bani-Melhem K. Combined electrocoagulation processes as a novel approach for enhanced pollutants removal: A state-of-the-art review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140806. [PMID: 32717462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach using the integration of electrocoagulation, with one or more treatment processes has been recently practiced to improve the removal of colloidal and non-biodegradable pollutants. Several treatment processes including adsorption, chemical coagulation, magnetic field, reverse osmosis, and membrane filtration have been combined with electrocoagulation treatment step to improve pollutants removal efficiency. These combined systems showed the potential to improve the performance of the treatment process. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review for the recent processes available in the literature that combine treatment electrocoagulation with one of the previously mentioned treatment processes. It is found that the removal efficiency of any combined processes is higher than that of any single treatment process and the combined process has up to 20% higher removal efficiency compared to electrocoagulation alone. However, most reported studies were conducted at bench-scale level with synthetic wastewater instead of real wastewater. The main aspects of these combined systems including process mechanism, kinetic models, cost and the scale up of combined processes were discussed and summarized. Finally, several concluding remarks were drawn in view of the literature investigations and the gaps that suggest more studies and insights for future development were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Al-Qodah
- Chemical Engineering Department, Al-Balqa Applied University, 11134 Amman, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Tawalbeh
- Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammad Al-Shannag
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan; Jordan Uranium Mining Company, 11953 Amman, Jordan.
| | - Zaid Al-Anber
- Chemical Engineering Department, Al-Balqa Applied University, 11134 Amman, Jordan
| | - Khalid Bani-Melhem
- Department of Water Management and Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, The Hashemite University, Al-Zarqa, Jordan
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28
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Yang J, Wang Q, Zhou J, Shen Q, Cao L, Yang J. Electrochemical removal of gaseous elemental mercury in liquid phase with a novel foam titanium-based DSA anode. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Özyonar F, Gökkuş Ö, Sabuni M. Removal of disperse and reactive dyes from aqueous solutions using ultrasound-assisted electrocoagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127325. [PMID: 32540541 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effectivenesses of electrocoagulation, ultrasound, and ultrasound-assisted electrocoagulation processes for the removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from aqueous dye solutions. The coupling of electrocoagulation processes with ultrasound has been found useful for water and wastewater treatment in recent years. These experimental results demonstrate that ultrasound-assisted electrocoagulation processes provide greater color and COD removal than ultrasound or electrocoagulation processes alone. The optimum conditions for the combined process were found to be Fe-Fe-SS-SS/Al-Al-SS-SS (electrode connection type) in the monopolar electrode connection mode; 75 and 50 A m-2 (current density) for RR241 and DB 60, respectively, at a fixed frequency of 40 kHz; and an ultrasound power of 180 W in a 1 L aqueous solution. Under these optimum conditions, the color and COD removal efficiencies for an aqueous solution of 100 mg L-1 reached 99-99.9% and 100 - 100% for RR241 and DB 60, respectively. Complete removal was achieved for both COD and color by employing a combination of ultrasound-assisted electrocoagulation (US + EC) with only 4 min of electrolysis, while the traditional EC treatment achieved removal of approximately 87% of COD and 92% color for both dyes using the MP-P connection mode for 5 min. Conversely, ultrasound power alone removed approximately 34-60% of color and 30-36% of COD for RR241 and DB 60, respectively. Compared with the traditional EC treatment, the combination of ultrasound irradiation and electrocoagulation treatment significantly reduced electrode passivation and increased the removal of pollutants in shorter operation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Özyonar
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Engineering Faculty Environmental Engineering Department, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ömür Gökkuş
- Erciyes University, Engineering Faculty Environmental Engineering Department, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed Sabuni
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Engineering Faculty Environmental Engineering Department, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
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30
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Comparing the Effects of Types of Electrode on the Removal of Multiple Pharmaceuticals from Water by Electrochemical Methods. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12092332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering the lack of information on simultaneously removing multiple pharmaceuticals from water or wastewater by electrochemical methods, this study aimed to investigate the removal of multiple pharmaceuticals by electro-coagulation and electro-oxidation based on two types of electrodes (aluminum and graphite). The synthetic wastewater contained a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (diclofenac), a sulfonamide antibiotic (sulfamethoxazole) and a β-blocker (atenolol). The pharmaceutical removal with electro-oxidation was much higher than those with the electro-coagulation process, which was obtained from a five-cell graphite electrode system, while the removal of pharmaceuticals with aluminum electrodes was about 20% (20 µM). In the electro-coagulation system, pharmaceutical removal was mainly influenced by the solubility or hydrophilicity of the compound. In the electro-oxidation system, the removal mechanism was influenced by the dissociation status of the compounds, which are attracted to the anode due to electrostatic forces and have a higher mass transformation rate with the electro-oxidation process. Therefore, atenolol, which was undissociated, cannot adequately be eliminated by electro-oxidation, unless the electrode’s surface is large enough to increase the mass diffusion rate.
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31
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Liu X, He Z. Decreased formation of disinfection by-products during electrochemical leachate oxidation and their post-removal by electro-adsorption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:139171. [PMID: 32388383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) is an effective treatment system to remove recalcitrant compounds in landfill leachate but harmful byproducts can be formed during the treatment. Herein, we have investigated the formation of total halogenated organics and the associated toxicity as a side effect of leachate treatment by the MER. Those byproducts are represented by the term "disinfection byproducts, or DBPs", because of the similar formation mechanisms. Several DBP groups were detected during the leachate treatment; however, the amount of DBP generated in the MER only accounted for 19.1 ± 4.5% of that in a membrane-less electrooxidation system (control). Likewise, the total toxicity value in the MER effluent was 26.6 × 10-3, only 15.1% of that in the control system. While trihalomethanes dominated mass concentration by 84.1% in the MER, haloacetonitriles contributed to majority of the additive toxicity due to their higher toxicity index. Increasing the initial leachate pH from 9.5 to 13 could increase the DBP concentration by 2.18 times because of less removal of humic acids. A high initial ammonia concentration of 6000 mg L-1 resulted in the increased DBP formation by 146.8%, compared to that with 2500 mg L-1, due to the increased formation of nitrogenous DBPs. A higher current density of 30 mA cm-2 doubled the DBP formation because of a faster reaction rate and a higher solution temperature. The extended treatment time caused trihalomethanes to continue forming DBP and degradation of most DBPs to some extent. With removing 67.5% of DBP mass concentration and 74.4% of the additive toxicity, the GAC-electrode system was shown more effective than GAC adsorption alone in remediating DBP from the MER effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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32
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Dash B, Dash B, Rath SS. A thorough understanding of the adsorption of Ni (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) on goethite using experiments and molecular dynamics simulation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Mamelkina MA, Herraiz-Carboné M, Cotillas S, Lacasa E, Sáez C, Tuunila R, Sillanpää M, Häkkinen A, Rodrigo MA. Treatment of mining wastewater polluted with cyanide by coagulation processes: A mechanistic study. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Koyuncu S, Arıman S. Domestic wastewater treatment by real-scale electrocoagulation process. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:656-667. [PMID: 32460270 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, domestic wastewaters originating from a settlement with a population of 17,500 were treated by electrocoagulation process in a real-scale EC plant and the economic applicability of the process was investigated. The removal efficiencies of control parameters in the influent and effluent of the real-scale treatment plant such as suspended solids (SS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and changes of pH and conductivity parameters were monitored for 12 months. The obtained data were evaluated according to European Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive, Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation and Turkish Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation. According to the results obtained, the removal efficiencies of the pollutant parameters were achieved in the range of 72-83% for SS, 67-80% for COD, 69-81% for BOD, 21-47% for TN and 27-46% for TP. Considering the Turkish wastewater discharge regulations, it can be concluded that the discharge standards for SS, COD and BOD parameters were achieved while they were not achieved in certain periods for TN and TP. In addition, the energy consumption and the operating cost of this real-scale plant were determined to be 0.49-0.54 kWh/m3 and 0.24-0.28 EUR/m3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sema Arıman
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, Samsun University, Samsun, Turkey E-mail:
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35
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Nazlabadi E, Alavi Moghaddam MR, Karamati-Niaragh E. Simultaneous removal of nitrate and nitrite using electrocoagulation/floatation (ECF): A new multi-response optimization approach. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109489. [PMID: 31505385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to remove both nitrate and nitrite from wastewater as well as modeling and simultaneous optimizing the electrocoagulation/floatation (ECF) process with 3 responses, namely, the residual nitrate, the residual nitrite and the operating costs; so that all responses meet the standard limitations. For this purpose, 57 experiments designed by the response surface method (RSM) were carried out. The effect of selected variables, including initial pH, current intensity, initial nitrate concentration, number of electrodes, reaction time and their interactions were evaluated. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that the predicted equations were in reasonable agreement with the experimental data for three responses. To reach a new multi-response optimization approach, a code was developed in MATLAB software, which was applied to optimize the responses all together. Eight optimized conditions were obtained in accordance with the residual nitrate and the residual nitrite of less than 50 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively, and the limited operating costs to 10 ± 0.05 US$/(kg NO3-removed).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Nazlabadi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Karamati-Niaragh
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran
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36
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Liu X, Novak JT, He Z. Removal of landfill leachate ultraviolet quenching substances by electricity induced humic acid precipitation and electrooxidation in a membrane electrochemical reactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:571-579. [PMID: 31279203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent UV quenching substances (UVQS) in landfill leachate can affect the effectiveness of UV disinfection in domestic wastewater treatment systems when leachate is being co-treated. As a result, effective onsite leachate pre-treatment will have to be implemented to reduce the UV quenching capability. Herein, a membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) was developed and investigated for treating UV quenching organics contained in landfill leachate. Compared to a control reactor that did not have a membrane separator, the MER achieved significantly higher removals of both dissolved organic carbon (61.5 ± 4.1%) and UV254nm absorbance (63.4 ± 8.4%). This enhanced performance was likely due to the combined effects of humic acid precipitation and augmented oxidation of organics. The MER was able to remove 89.1 ± 2.9% of total nitrogen from the leachate while recovering about 51% of the influent ammonia in the catholyte, in comparison to 38.1 ± 4.4% of total nitrogen removal by the control reactor. The MER consumed significantly less electrical energy with specific energy consumption of 70.62 kWh kg-1 DOC or 33.03 kWh kg-1 sCOD, compared to that of the control reactor (211.8 kWh kg-1 DOC or 55.02 kWh kg-1 sCOD). A current density of 20 mA cm-2 was considered optimal in terms of both UVQS removal and energy efficiency. Consideration should be given to the spacing of electrodes to minimize internal resistance and also to avoid trapping of the produced gas bubbles. These results collectively suggest that the MER is a promising onsite pretreatment approach for landfill leachate and further exploration of this technology should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John T Novak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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37
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Al-Qodah Z, Al-Qudah Y, Omar W. On the performance of electrocoagulation-assisted biological treatment processes: a review on the state of the art. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28689-28713. [PMID: 31414385 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The combined treatment systems have become a potential alternative to treat highly polluted industrial wastewater to achieve high-quality treated effluents. The current review focuses on the treatment systems compromising electrocoagulation (EC) as a pretreatment step followed by a biological treatment step. The reasons for applying EC as a pretreatment process were mainly to (1) detoxify the wastewater by removing inhibitors of the biotreatment step or (2) to remove the major part of the COD or (3) the dissolved materials that could cause fouling to membrane bioreactors or (4) to increase the activity of the microorganisms. This combination represents a new and promising application characterized by higher performance and removal efficiency. The main published findings related to this application are presented and analyzed. Besides, the statistical models used to optimize the process variables and the kinetics of microorganism growth rate are discussed herein. Most of the previous investigations were conducted in a laboratory-scale level with biologically treated water as a feed to the EC process. Only a few works applied a hybrid system consisting of the biological step and the EC step. In all studies, improved performance and higher removal efficiencies of the combined process were achieved particularly when applying aluminum electrodes, providing more than 95% removal efficiency. Many researchers have reported that they had faced a significant problem in the operation of the electrocoagulation process associated with the reduction of electrodes' efficiency caused by deposits of the coagulation complex. This problem needs to be effectively resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Al-Qodah
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, 11134, Jordan.
| | - Yahiya Al-Qudah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
| | - Waid Omar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, 11134, Jordan
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38
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Li J, Zhang H, Zhang J, Xiao Q, Du X, Qi T. Efficient Removal of Fluoride by Complexation Extraction: Mechanism and Thermodynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9102-9108. [PMID: 31294969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A complexation extraction system was designed to develop a new process for the efficient removal of fluoride from solutions, such as zinc or copper electrolytes or wastewater derived from flue gas. The effects of the boron fluoride molar ratio, organic phase composition, initial pH, temperature, and phase volume ratio on the extraction efficiency were investigated. The extraction efficiency was found to increase with the increase in the boron fluoride molar ratio, Alamine336 concentration, and phase volume ratio, whereas it decreased with the increase in temperature. For the simulated electrolyte or wastewater derived from flue gas, the majority of metallic ions were insensitive to the extraction, with the exception of Al3+ and Fe3+. Fluoride decreased from 5 g/L to 0.05 g/L after two-stage cross-flow extraction alone; with an extraction efficiency of 99%. Both the stripping and cycling properties were excellent when sodium hydroxide was employed as the stripping reagent. Furthermore, the loading capacity was 43.4 g/L, and increased by four times, when boric acid was added. This novel process implies a wide range of potential applications, such as the removal of unwanted fluoride ions from various high-fluoride polluted solutions and the simplification of brine phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
| | - Qinggui Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
| | - Xuan Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
| | - Tao Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , PR China
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39
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Al-Qodah Z, Al-Qudah Y, Assirey E. Combined biological wastewater treatment with electrocoagulation as a post-polishing process: A review. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1626891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Al-Qodah
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yahiya Al-Qudah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Eman Assirey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Madinah, KSA
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40
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Mamelkina MA, Tuunila R, Sillänpää M, Häkkinen A. Systematic study on sulfate removal from mining waters by electrocoagulation. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Ganiyu SO, Martínez‐Huitle CA. Nature, Mechanisms and Reactivity of Electrogenerated Reactive Species at Thin‐Film Boron‐Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrodes During Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soliu O. Ganiyu
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Alberta Edmonton, AB Canada T6G 2W2
- Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970 Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Martínez‐Huitle
- Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970 Natal, RN Brazil
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42
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Understanding the impact of poly(allylamine) plasma grafting on the filtration performances of a commercial polymeric membrane. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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Vilakati BR, Sivasankar V, Nxumalo EN, Mamba BB, Omine K, Msagati TAM. Fluoride removal studies using virgin and Ti (IV)-modified Musa paradisiaca (plantain pseudo-stem) carbons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11565-11578. [PMID: 29982945 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of carbons in virgin and Ti-modified forms under controlled conditions at low temperature from plantain pseudo-stem (Musa paradisiaca) was achieved. These prepared carbons were characterized for instrumental studies such as BET, FTIR, XRD, SEM with EDS and TGA to understand the chemistry and modification. The determination of IEP and pHZPC established the presence of positive surface sites on the virgin (VMPC) and Ti-modified (TiMPC) carbons to facilitate the sorption of fluoride. The fluoride removal efficiency as a function of time, pH, dose, initial fluoride concentration, temperature, and co-ion intervention was studied. The maximum fluoride removal of about 81.2 and 97.7% was achievable with VMPC and TiMPC, respectively, after 20 min at the pH of 2.04 and continued for the equilibrium of 60 min. Temperature was found to be influential both by way of initial increase followed by a decrease in the fluoride uptake of MPCs. Regeneration was very consistent up to 7 cycles with the residual fluoride concentration below the WHO guide line of 1.5 mg L-1. Highest intervention due to hydrogen carbonate ions was observed during the fluoride removal process. Kinetic (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion) and isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and DKR) were checked for their compliance with the present sorption system. These low temperature synthesized MPCs are found to be effective candidates in the process of fluoride abatement in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongekile R Vilakati
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (Nano WS) Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa
| | - Venkataraman Sivasankar
- Geo-tech laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852 8521, Japan.
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 030, India.
| | - Edward N Nxumalo
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (Nano WS) Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (Nano WS) Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa
| | - Kiyoshi Omine
- Geo-tech laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852 8521, Japan
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (Nano WS) Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa.
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Dargahi A, Ansari A, Nematollahi D, Asgari G, Shokoohi R, Samarghandi MR. Parameter optimization and degradation mechanism for electrocatalytic degradation of 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide by lead dioxide electrodes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5064-5075. [PMID: 35514628 PMCID: PMC9060676 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most commonly used herbicides in the world. In this work, the electro-catalytic degradation of 2,4-D herbicide from aqueous solutions was evaluated using three anode electrodes, i.e., lead dioxide coated on stainless steel 316 (SS316/β-PbO2), lead dioxide coated on a lead bed (Pb/β-PbO2), and lead dioxide coated on graphite (G/β-PbO2). The structure and morphology of the prepared electrodes were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The process of herbicide degradation was monitored during constant current electrolysis using cyclic voltammetry (CV). In this study, the experiments were designed based on the central composite design (CCD) and were analyzed and modeled by response surface methodology (RSM) to demonstrate the operational variables and the interactive effect of three independent variables on 3 responses. The effects of parameters including pH (3-11), current density (j = 1-5 mA cm-2) and electrolysis time (20-80 min) were studied. The results showed that, at j = 5 mA cm-2, by increasing the reaction time from 20 to 80 min and decreasing the pH from 11 to 3, the 2,4-D herbicide degradation efficiency using SS316/β-PbO2, Pb/β-PbO2 and G/β-PbO2 anode electrodes was observed to be 60.4, 75.9 and 89.8%, respectively. Moreover, the results showed that the highest COD and TOC removal efficiencies using the G/β-PbO2 electrode were 83.7 and 78.5%, under the conditions pH = 3, electrolysis time = 80 min and j = 5 mA cm-2, respectively. It was also found that G/β-PbO2 has lower energy consumption (EC) (5.67 kW h m-3) compared to the two other studied electrodes (SS316/β-PbO2 and Pb/β-PbO2). The results showed a good correlation between the experimental values and the predicted values of the quadratic model (P < 0.05). Results revealed that the electrochemical process using the G/β-PbO2 anode electrode has an acceptable efficiency in the degradation of 2,4-D herbicide and can be used as a proper pretreatment technique to treat wastewater containing resistant pollutants, e.g., phenoxy group herbicides (2,4-D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Dargahi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
| | - Amin Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University Hamadan Iran
| | - Davood Nematollahi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University Hamadan Iran
| | - Ghorban Asgari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
| | - Reza Shokoohi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Samarghandi
- Department of Environmental Engineering School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
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Karamati-Niaragh E, Alavi Moghaddam MR, Emamjomeh MM, Nazlabadi E. Evaluation of direct and alternating current on nitrate removal using a continuous electrocoagulation process: Economical and environmental approaches through RSM. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 230:245-254. [PMID: 30292013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) for nitrate removal and its operating costs by using a continuous electrocoagulation (CEC) process. For this purpose, two series of 31 experiments, which were designed by response surface method (RSM), were carried out in both cases of the AC and the DC modes. In each series, the effect of selected parameters, namely, initial nitrate concentration, inlet flow rate, current density and initial pH along with their interactions on the nitrate removal efficiency as well as its operating costs, as responses, were investigated separately. According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), there is a reasonable agreement between achieving results and the experimental data for both responses. The nitrate removal in the AC mode was slightly more efficient than that of the DC mode. In addition, the average operating costs of the DC mode, including the energy and the electrode consumption for the CEC process were achieved 54 US$/(kg nitrate removed); whereas this amount was calculated 29 US$/(kg nitrate removed) for the AC mode. Therefore, the average of the operating costs was improved more than 40% using the AC mode, which was mainly related to reduction of aluminum electrode consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Karamati-Niaragh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Hafez Ave., Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Alavi Moghaddam
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Hafez Ave., Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Nazlabadi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Hafez Ave., Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
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Simultaneous removal of fluoride and arsenic from groundwater by electrocoagulation using a filter-press flow reactor with a three-cell stack. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Govindan K, Angelin A, Rangarajan M. Critical evaluation of mechanism responsible for biomass abatement during electrochemical coagulation (EC) process: A critical review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 227:335-353. [PMID: 30199730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This is a first review paper that delineates fundamental disinfection mechanism undergoes during the simple electrochemical coagulation (EC) process. The elucidation of detailed mechanistic phenomenon of EC process involved would help to enhance the disinfection efficiency. In this context, the biomass (bacteria, virus and algae) abatement mechanism by EC is critically reviewed and rationalized based on the experimental demonstration performed from the recent decade. Whereas, the effect of most significant abiotic operating parameters, dissolved contents and bacteria cell wall composition on biomass reduction are explored in detail. From these analyses, physical removal and chemical inactivation routes are identified for bacteria abatement mechanism during the EC process using sacrificial electrodes. Which includes (i) enmeshment of microbial contaminants by EC flocs, (ii) sweeping flocculation is preferentially for destabilization of negatively charged biomass, and (iii) inactivation/attenuation of micro-organism cell walls by electrochemically induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) or direct interaction of electric field. Perhaps, the overall abatement mechanism attributes due to the aforementioned phenomenon endures independently and/or synergistically during the EC process. Nonetheless, to obtain better understanding of virus and algae abatement mechanism, we require more experimental investigation on algae and virus removal. Eventually, more intensive research efforts on biomass attenuation by EC are most important to reinforce this claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadarkarai Govindan
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Green Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 112, India.
| | - Arumugam Angelin
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641 114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murali Rangarajan
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Green Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 112, India
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Kruglikov SS, Kolesnikov VA, Nekrasova NE, Gubin AF. Regeneration of Chromium Electroplating Electrolytes by the Application of Electromembrane Processes. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579518050366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mishima I, Hama M, Tabata Y, Nakajima J. Long-term investigation of phosphorus removal by iron electrocoagulation in small-scale wastewater treatment plants. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:1304-1311. [PMID: 30388087 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Small-scale wastewater treatment plants (SWTPs), called Johkasou, are widely used as decentralized and individual wastewater treatment systems in sparsely populated areas in Japan. Even in SWTPs, nutrients should be removed to control eutrophication. An iron electrolysis method is effective to remove phosphorus chemically in SWTPs. However, it is necessary to determine the precise conditions under which phosphorus can be effectively and stably removed in full scale SWTPs for a long period. Therefore, long-term phosphorus removal from SWTPs was investigated and optimum operational conditions for phosphorus removal by iron electrolysis were analyzed in this study. Efficient phosphorus removal can be achieved for a long time by adjusting the amount of iron against the actual population equivalent. The change of the recirculation ratio had no negative effect on overall phosphorus removal. Phosphorus release to the bulk phase was prevented by the accumulated iron, which was supplied by iron electrolysis, resulting in stable phosphorus removal. The effect of environmental load reduction due to phosphorus removal by iron electrolysis was greater than the cost of power consumption for iron electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mishima
- Water Environment Group, Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Japan E-mail:
| | - M Hama
- 1st Development Department, Fuji Clean Co., Ltd, 4-2-21 Neura, Miyoshi, Japan
| | - Y Tabata
- 2nd Development Department, Fuji Clean Co., Ltd, 33 Yamahana Yamayashiki, Chiryu, Japan
| | - J Nakajima
- Master's Program in Environmental Engineering, Vietnam Japan University, Luu Huu Phuoc, My Dinh 1, Nam Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam
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