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Kigata T, Moriya-Ito K, Honda Y, Kobayashi Y. Distribution pattern of the celiac, cranial mesenteric, and caudal mesenteric arteries to the gastrointestinal tract in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Anat Sci Int 2024:10.1007/s12565-024-00788-0. [PMID: 38976086 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal diseases pose problems to captive common marmosets. Therefore, knowledge of the anatomy of the arterial supply to the gastrointestinal tract is an important prerequisite for implementing appropriate veterinary care. The common marmoset's intestinal tract has a well-developed cecum specialized for the fermentative digestion of tree gums. This specialized gastrointestinal tract may have a unique pattern of arterial distribution. This study aimed to elucidate the species-specific gastrointestinal tract arterial anatomy of the common marmoset. We traced the celiac, cranial mesenteric, and caudal mesenteric arteries in six male and nine female common marmosets using the latex injection method. We found that the celiac artery gave rise to the left gastric, common hepatic, splenic, and caudal pancreaticoduodenal arteries. In addition to these arteries, the celiac artery gave origin to the middle colic or jejunal arteries in seven or one cases, respectively. The branches of the cranial mesenteric artery consisted of 3-6 arteries, including the middle colic, caudal pancreaticoduodenal, jejunal, right colic, ileocolic, and ileal arteries, as well as a common trunk of the ventral cecal and ileal branches, and the dorsal cecal and colic branches. In four cases, the cranial mesenteric artery gave rise to the jejunal, ileocolic, and ileal arteries. In one of the 13 cases, the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries formed a common trunk. The caudal mesenteric artery branched into the left colic, sigmoid, and cranial rectal arteries in all the cases. These findings provide an anatomical basis for gastrointestinal veterinary care of common marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhito Kigata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Keiko Moriya-Ito
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Honda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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2
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Kurlovich J, Rodriguez Polo I, Dovgusha O, Tereshchenko Y, Cruz CRV, Behr R, Günesdogan U. Generation of marmoset primordial germ cell-like cells under chemically defined conditions. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302371. [PMID: 38499329 PMCID: PMC10948935 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the embryonic precursors of sperm and oocytes, which transmit genetic/epigenetic information across generations. Mouse PGC and subsequent gamete development can be fully reconstituted in vitro, opening up new avenues for germ cell studies in biomedical research. However, PGCs show molecular differences between rodents and humans. Therefore, to establish an in vitro system that is closely related to humans, we studied PGC development in vivo and in vitro in the common marmoset monkey Callithrix jacchus (cj). Gonadal cjPGCs at embryonic day 74 express SOX17, AP2Ɣ, BLIMP1, NANOG, and OCT4A, which is reminiscent of human PGCs. We established transgene-free induced pluripotent stem cell (cjiPSC) lines from foetal and postnatal fibroblasts. These cjiPSCs, cultured in defined and feeder-free conditions, can be differentiated into precursors of mesendoderm and subsequently into cjPGC-like cells (cjPGCLCs) with a transcriptome similar to human PGCs/PGCLCs. Our results not only pave the way for studying PGC development in a non-human primate in vitro under experimentally controlled conditions, but also provide the opportunity to derive functional marmoset gametes in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kurlovich
- https://ror.org/01y9bpm73 Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department of Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ignacio Rodriguez Polo
- https://ror.org/01y9bpm73 Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department of Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
- Stem Cell and Human Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Oleksandr Dovgusha
- https://ror.org/01y9bpm73 Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department of Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yuliia Tereshchenko
- German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carmela Rieline V Cruz
- https://ror.org/01y9bpm73 Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department of Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ufuk Günesdogan
- https://ror.org/01y9bpm73 Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department of Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department for Molecular Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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Pfeifer SP, Baxter A, Savidge LE, Sedlazeck FJ, Bales KL. De Novo Genome Assembly for the Coppery Titi Monkey (Plecturocebus cupreus): An Emerging Nonhuman Primate Model for Behavioral Research. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae108. [PMID: 38758096 PMCID: PMC11140417 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The coppery titi monkey (Plecturocebus cupreus) is an emerging nonhuman primate model system for behavioral and neurobiological research. At the same time, the almost entire absence of genomic resources for the species has hampered insights into the genetic underpinnings of the phenotypic traits of interest. To facilitate future genotype-to-phenotype studies, we here present a high-quality, fully annotated de novo genome assembly for the species with chromosome-length scaffolds spanning the autosomes and chromosome X (scaffold N50 = 130.8 Mb), constructed using data obtained from several orthologous short- and long-read sequencing and scaffolding techniques. With a base-level accuracy of ∼99.99% in chromosome-length scaffolds as well as benchmarking universal single-copy ortholog and k-mer completeness scores of >99.0% and 95.1% at the genome level, this assembly represents one of the most complete Pitheciidae genomes to date, making it an invaluable resource for comparative evolutionary genomics research to improve our understanding of lineage-specific changes underlying adaptive traits as well as deleterious mutations associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne P Pfeifer
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Alexander Baxter
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, Neuroscience and Behavior Division, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Logan E Savidge
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, Neuroscience and Behavior Division, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Fritz J Sedlazeck
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen L Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, Neuroscience and Behavior Division, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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4
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Sanabria V, Romariz SAA, Braga M, Pires JM, Naffah-Mazzacoratti MDG, Mello LE, Longo BM, Foresti ML. What we have learned from non-human primates as animal models of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 154:109706. [PMID: 38518671 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) have played a crucial role in our understanding of epilepsy, given their striking similarities with humans. Through their use, we have gained a deeper understanding of the neurophysiology and pathophysiology of epileptic seizures, and they have proven invaluable allies in developing anti-seizure therapies. This review explores the history of NHPs as natural models of epilepsy, discusses the findings obtained after exposure to various chemoconvulsant drugs and focal electrical stimulation protocols that helped uncover important mechanisms related to epilepsy, examines diverse treatments to prevent and manage epilepsy, and addresses essential ethical issues in research. In this review, we aim to emphasize the important role of NHPs in epilepsy research and summarize the benefits and challenges associated with their use as models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviam Sanabria
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone A A Romariz
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Braga
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime Moreira Pires
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Eugênio Mello
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Longo
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maira Licia Foresti
- Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Lin CR, Toychiev A, Ablordeppey RK, Srinivas M, Benavente-Perez A. Sustained Retinal Defocus Increases the Effect of Induced Myopia on the Retinal Astrocyte Template. Cells 2024; 13:595. [PMID: 38607034 PMCID: PMC11011523 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to describe sustained myopic eye growth's effect on astrocyte cellular distribution and its association with inner retinal layer thicknesses. Astrocyte density and distribution, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer, and inner plexiform layer (IPL) thicknesses were assessed using immunochemistry and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography on seventeen common marmoset retinas (Callithrix jacchus): six induced with myopia from 2 to 6 months of age (6-month-old myopes), three induced with myopia from 2 to 12 months of age (12-month-old myopes), five age-matched 6-month-old controls, and three age-matched 12-month-old controls. Untreated marmoset eyes grew normally, and both RNFL and IPL thicknesses did not change with age, with astrocyte numbers correlating to RNFL and IPL thicknesses in both control age groups. Myopic marmosets did not follow this trend and, instead, exhibited decreased astrocyte density, increased GFAP+ spatial coverage, and thinner RNFL and IPL, all of which worsened over time. Myopic changes in astrocyte density, GFAP+ spatial coverage and inner retinal layer thicknesses suggest astrocyte template reorganization during myopia development and progression which increased over time. Whether or not these changes are constructive or destructive to the retina still remains to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexandra Benavente-Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, NY 10036, USA; (C.R.L.); (A.T.); (R.K.A.); (M.S.)
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Mao Y, Harvey WT, Porubsky D, Munson KM, Hoekzema K, Lewis AP, Audano PA, Rozanski A, Yang X, Zhang S, Yoo D, Gordon DS, Fair T, Wei X, Logsdon GA, Haukness M, Dishuck PC, Jeong H, Del Rosario R, Bauer VL, Fattor WT, Wilkerson GK, Mao Y, Shi Y, Sun Q, Lu Q, Paten B, Bakken TE, Pollen AA, Feng G, Sawyer SL, Warren WC, Carbone L, Eichler EE. Structurally divergent and recurrently mutated regions of primate genomes. Cell 2024; 187:1547-1562.e13. [PMID: 38428424 PMCID: PMC10947866 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
We sequenced and assembled using multiple long-read sequencing technologies the genomes of chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, orangutan, gibbon, macaque, owl monkey, and marmoset. We identified 1,338,997 lineage-specific fixed structural variants (SVs) disrupting 1,561 protein-coding genes and 136,932 regulatory elements, including the most complete set of human-specific fixed differences. We estimate that 819.47 Mbp or ∼27% of the genome has been affected by SVs across primate evolution. We identify 1,607 structurally divergent regions wherein recurrent structural variation contributes to creating SV hotspots where genes are recurrently lost (e.g., CARD, C4, and OLAH gene families) and additional lineage-specific genes are generated (e.g., CKAP2, VPS36, ACBD7, and NEK5 paralogs), becoming targets of rapid chromosomal diversification and positive selection (e.g., RGPD gene family). High-fidelity long-read sequencing has made these dynamic regions of the genome accessible for sequence-level analyses within and between primate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Mao
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - William T Harvey
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Porubsky
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine M Munson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kendra Hoekzema
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexandra P Lewis
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter A Audano
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Allison Rozanski
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilong Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - DongAhn Yoo
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David S Gordon
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tyler Fair
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Wei
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Glennis A Logsdon
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marina Haukness
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Philip C Dishuck
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hyeonsoo Jeong
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ricardo Del Rosario
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa L Bauer
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Bouder, CO, USA
| | - Will T Fattor
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Bouder, CO, USA
| | - Gregory K Wilkerson
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yuxiang Mao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Benedict Paten
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Alex A Pollen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guoping Feng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sara L Sawyer
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Bouder, CO, USA
| | - Wesley C Warren
- Department of Animal Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lucia Carbone
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Herron ICT, Laws TR, Nelson M. Marmosets as models of infectious diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1340017. [PMID: 38465237 PMCID: PMC10921895 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1340017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models of infectious disease often serve a crucial purpose in obtaining licensure of therapeutics and medical countermeasures, particularly in situations where human trials are not feasible, i.e., for those diseases that occur infrequently in the human population. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a Neotropical new-world (platyrrhines) non-human primate, has gained increasing attention as an animal model for a number of diseases given its small size, availability and evolutionary proximity to humans. This review aims to (i) discuss the pros and cons of the common marmoset as an animal model by providing a brief snapshot of how marmosets are currently utilized in biomedical research, (ii) summarize and evaluate relevant aspects of the marmoset immune system to the study of infectious diseases, (iii) provide a historical backdrop, outlining the significance of infectious diseases and the importance of developing reliable animal models to test novel therapeutics, and (iv) provide a summary of infectious diseases for which a marmoset model exists, followed by an in-depth discussion of the marmoset models of two studied bacterial infectious diseases (tularemia and melioidosis) and one viral infectious disease (viral hepatitis C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. T. Herron
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury, United Kingdom
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Kim YY, Kim SW, Kim E, Kim YJ, Kang BC, Ku SY. Transcriptomic Profiling of Reproductive Age Marmoset Monkey Ovaries. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:81-95. [PMID: 37710086 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The decline in ovarian reserve and the aging of the ovaries is a significant concern for women, particularly in the context of delayed reproduction. However, there are ethical limitations and challenges associated with conducting long-term studies to understand and manipulate the mechanisms that regulate ovarian aging in human. The marmoset monkey offers several advantages as a reproductive model, including a shorter gestation period and similar reproductive physiology to that of human. Additionally, they have a relatively long lifespan compared to other mammals, making them suitable for long-term studies. In this study, we focused on analyzing the structural characteristics of the marmoset ovary and studying the mRNA expression of 244 genes associated with ovarian aging. We obtained ovaries from marmosets at three different reproductive stages: pre-pubertal (1.5 months), reproductive (82 months), and menopausal (106 months) ovaries. The structural analyses revealed the presence of numerous mitochondria and lipid droplets in the marmoset ovaries. Many of the genes expressed in the ovaries were involved in multicellular organism development and transcriptional regulation. Additionally, we identified the expression of protein-binding genes. Within the expressed genes, VEGFA and MMP9 were found to be critical for regulating ovarian reserve. An intriguing finding of the study was the strong correlation between genes associated with female infertility and genes related to fibrosis and wound healing. The authors suggest that this correlation might be a result of the repeated rupture and subsequent healing processes occurring in the ovary due to the menstrual cycle, potentially leading to the indirect onset of fibrosis. The expression profile of ovarian aging-related gene set in the marmoset monkey ovaries highlight the need for further studies to explore the relationship between fibrosis, wound healing, and ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Yoshimatsu S, Okahara J, Yoshie J, Igarashi Y, Nakajima R, Sanosaka T, Qian E, Sato T, Kobayashi H, Morimoto S, Kishi N, Pillis DM, Malik P, Noce T, Okano H. Generation of a tyrosine hydroxylase-2A-Cre knockin non-human primate model by homology-directed-repair-biased CRISPR genome editing. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100590. [PMID: 37714158 PMCID: PMC10545943 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are the closest animal model to humans; thus, gene engineering technology in these species holds great promise for the elucidation of higher brain functions and human disease models. Knockin (KI) gene targeting is a versatile approach to modify gene(s) of interest; however, it generally suffers from the low efficiency of homology-directed repair (HDR) in mammalian cells, especially in non-expressed gene loci. In the current study, we generated a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-2A-Cre KI model of the common marmoset monkey (marmoset; Callithrix jacchus) using an HDR-biased CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing approach using Cas9-DN1S and RAD51. This model should enable labeling and modification of a specific neuronal lineage using the Cre-loxP system. Collectively, the current study paves the way for versatile gene engineering in NHPs, which may be a significant step toward further biomedical and preclinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yoshimatsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Junko Okahara
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Junko Yoshie
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoko Igarashi
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakajima
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sanosaka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Emi Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tsukika Sato
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kishi
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Devin M Pillis
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute (CBDI), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute (CBDI), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Hematology, CBDI, CCHMC, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Toshiaki Noce
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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10
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Stevens CS, Lowry J, Juelich T, Atkins C, Johnson K, Smith JK, Panis M, Ikegami T, tenOever B, Freiberg AN, Lee B. Nipah Virus Bangladesh Infection Elicits Organ-Specific Innate and Inflammatory Responses in the Marmoset Model. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:604-614. [PMID: 36869692 PMCID: PMC10469344 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is increasingly recognized as an ideal nonhuman primate (NHP) at high biocontainment due to its smaller size and relative ease of handling. Here, we evaluated the susceptibility and pathogenesis of Nipah virus Bangladesh strain (NiVB) infection in marmosets at biosafety level 4. Infection via the intranasal and intratracheal route resulted in fatal disease in all 4 infected marmosets. Three developed pulmonary edema and hemorrhage as well as multifocal hemorrhagic lymphadenopathy, while 1 recapitulated neurologic clinical manifestations and cardiomyopathy on gross pathology. Organ-specific innate and inflammatory responses were characterized by RNA sequencing in 6 different tissues from infected and control marmosets. Notably, a unique transcriptome was revealed in the brainstem of the marmoset exhibiting neurological signs. Our results provide a more comprehensive understanding of NiV pathogenesis in an accessible and novel NHP model, closely reflecting clinical disease as observed in NiV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Stevens
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jake Lowry
- Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Terry Juelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Colm Atkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Kendra Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer K Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Maryline Panis
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, New York, New YorkUSA
| | - Tetsuro Ikegami
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, New York, New YorkUSA
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Klösener L, Samolovac S, Barnekow I, König J, Moussavi A, Boretius S, Fuchs D, Haegens A, Hinkel R, Mietsch M. Functional Cardiovascular Characterization of the Common Marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1123. [PMID: 37627007 PMCID: PMC10452209 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate cardiovascular animal models are urgently needed to investigate genetic, molecular, and therapeutic approaches, yet the translation of results from the currently used species is difficult due to their genetic distance as well as their anatomical or physiological differences. Animal species that are closer to the human situation might help to bridge this translational gap. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is an interesting candidate to investigate certain heart diseases and cardiovascular comorbidities, yet a basic functional characterization of its hemodynamic system is still missing. Therefore, cardiac functional analyses were performed by utilizing the invasive intracardiac pressure-volume loops (PV loop) system in seven animals, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in six animals, and echocardiography in five young adult male common marmosets. For a direct comparison between the three methods, only data from animals for which all three datasets could be acquired were selected. All three modalities were suitable for characterizing cardiac function, though with some systemic variations. In addition, vena cava occlusions were performed to investigate the load-independent parameters collected with the PV loop system, which allowed for a deeper analysis of the cardiac function and for a more sensitive detection of the alterations in a disease state, such as heart failure or certain cardiovascular comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Klösener
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (M.M.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behavior, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Samolovac
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (M.M.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ina Barnekow
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jessica König
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amir Moussavi
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Fuchs
- FUJIFILM VisualSonics Inc., 1114 AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rabea Hinkel
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (M.M.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behavior, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Mietsch
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (M.M.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Lin CR, Toychiev A, Ablordeppey RK, Srinivas M, Benavente-Perez A. Age exacerbates the effect of myopia on retinal capillaries and string vessels. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1112396. [PMID: 37601788 PMCID: PMC10438986 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1112396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal vasculature supplies oxygen and nutrition to the cells and is crucial for an adequate retinal function. In myopia, excessive eye growth is associated with various anatomical changes that can lead to myopia-related complications. However, how myopia-induced ocular growth affects the integrity of the aged retinal microvasculature at the cellular level is not well understood. Here, we studied how aging interacts with myopia-induced alteration of the retinal microvasculature in fourteen marmoset retinas (Callithrix jacchus). String vessel and capillary branchpoint were imaged and quantified in all four capillary plexi of the retinal vasculature. As marmosets with lens-induced myopia aged, they developed increasing numbers of string vessels in all four vascular plexi, with increased vessel branchpoints in the parafoveal and peripapillary retina and decreased vessel branchpoints in the peripheral retina. These myopia-induced changes to the retinal microvasculature suggest an adaptive reorganization of the retinal microvascular cellular structure template with aging and during myopia development and progression.
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13
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Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Homanics G, Schaeffer DJ, Schaeffer L, Park JE, Oluoch J, Zhang T, Haber A, Seyfried NT, Paten B, Greenwood A, Murai T, Choi SH, Huhe H, Kofler J, Strick PL, Carter GW, Silva AC. Bridging the rodent to human translational gap: Marmosets as model systems for the study of Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2023; 9:e12417. [PMID: 37614242 PMCID: PMC10442521 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Our limited understanding of the mechanisms that trigger the emergence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has contributed to the lack of interventions that stop, prevent, or fully treat this disease. We believe that the development of a non-human primate model of AD will be an essential step toward overcoming limitations of other model systems and is crucial for investigating primate-specific mechanisms underlying the cellular and molecular root causes of the pathogenesis and progression of AD. Methods A new consortium has been established with funding support from the National Institute on Aging aimed at the generation, characterization, and validation of Marmosets As Research Models of AD (MARMO-AD). This consortium will study gene-edited marmoset models carrying genetic risk for AD and wild-type genetically diverse aging marmosets from birth throughout their lifespan, using non-invasive longitudinal assessments. These include characterizing the genetic, molecular, functional, behavioral, cognitive, and pathological features of aging and AD. Results The consortium successfully generated viable founders carrying PSEN1 mutations in C410Y and A426P using CRISPR/Cas9 approaches, with germline transmission demonstrated in the C410Y line. Longitudinal characterization of these models, their germline offspring, and normal aging outbred marmosets is ongoing. All data and resources from this consortium will be shared with the greater AD research community. Discussion By establishing marmoset models of AD, we will be able to investigate primate-specific cellular and molecular root causes that underlie the pathogenesis and progression of AD, overcome limitations of other model organisms, and support future translational studies to accelerate the pace of bringing therapies to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregg Homanics
- University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Lauren Schaeffer
- University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jung Eun Park
- University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Julia Oluoch
- University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tingting Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | | | - Benedict Paten
- University of California Santa Cruz Genomics InstituteUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Takeshi Murai
- University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hasi Huhe
- University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Julia Kofler
- University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Peter L. Strick
- University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Afonso C. Silva
- University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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14
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Rodríguez-Callejas JD, Fuchs E, Perez-Cruz C. Atrophic astrocytes in aged marmosets present tau hyperphosphorylation, RNA oxidation, and DNA fragmentation. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 129:121-136. [PMID: 37302213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes perform multiple essential functions in the brain showing morphological changes. Hypertrophic astrocytes are commonly observed in cognitively healthy aged animals, implying a functional defense mechanism without losing neuronal support. In neurodegenerative diseases, astrocytes show morphological alterations, such as decreased process length and reduced number of branch points, known as astroglial atrophy, with detrimental effects on neuronal cells. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a non-human primate that, with age, develops several features that resemble neurodegeneration. In this study, we characterize the morphological alterations in astrocytes of adolescent (mean 1.75 y), adult (mean 5.33 y), old (mean 11.25 y), and aged (mean 16.83 y) male marmosets. We observed a significantly reduced arborization in astrocytes of aged marmosets compared to younger animals in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. These astrocytes also show oxidative damage to RNA and increased nuclear plaques in the cortex and tau hyperphosphorylation (AT100). Astrocytes lacking S100A10 protein show a more severe atrophy and DNA fragmentation. Our results demonstrate the presence of atrophic astrocytes in the brains of aged marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Rodríguez-Callejas
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Department of Pharmacology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eberhard Fuchs
- German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute of Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Perez-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Department of Pharmacology, Mexico City, Mexico.
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15
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Wong RK, Selvanayagam J, Johnston KD, Everling S. Delay-related activity in marmoset prefrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3523-3537. [PMID: 35945687 PMCID: PMC10068290 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent delay-period activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) has long been regarded as a neural signature of working memory (WM). Electrophysiological investigations in macaque PFC have provided much insight into WM mechanisms; however, a barrier to understanding is the fact that a portion of PFC lies buried within the principal sulcus in this species and is inaccessible for laminar electrophysiology or optical imaging. The relatively lissencephalic cortex of the New World common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) circumvents such limitations. It remains unknown, however, whether marmoset PFC neurons exhibit persistent activity. Here, we addressed this gap by conducting wireless electrophysiological recordings in PFC of marmosets performing a delayed-match-to-location task on a home cage-based touchscreen system. As in macaques, marmoset PFC neurons exhibited sample-, delay-, and response-related activity that was directionally tuned and linked to correct task performance. Models constructed from population activity consistently and accurately predicted stimulus location throughout the delay period, supporting a framework of delay activity in which mnemonic representations are relatively stable in time. Taken together, our findings support the existence of common neural mechanisms underlying WM performance in PFC of macaques and marmosets and thus validate the marmoset as a suitable model animal for investigating the microcircuitry underlying WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond K Wong
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Janahan Selvanayagam
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kevin D Johnston
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Stefan Everling
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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16
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Santana NNM, Silva EHA, dos Santos SF, Costa MSMO, Nascimento Junior ES, Engelberth RCJG, Cavalcante JS. Retinorecipient areas in the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus): An image-forming and non-image forming circuitry. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1088686. [PMID: 36817647 PMCID: PMC9932520 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1088686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian retina captures a multitude of diverse features from the external environment and conveys them via the optic nerve to a myriad of retinorecipient nuclei. Understanding how retinal signals act in distinct brain functions is one of the most central and established goals of neuroscience. Using the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a monkey from Northeastern Brazil, as an animal model for parsing how retinal innervation works in the brain, started decades ago due to their marmoset's small bodies, rapid reproduction rate, and brain features. In the course of that research, a large amount of new and sophisticated neuroanatomical techniques was developed and employed to explain retinal connectivity. As a consequence, image and non-image-forming regions, functions, and pathways, as well as retinal cell types were described. Image-forming circuits give rise directly to vision, while the non-image-forming territories support circadian physiological processes, although part of their functional significance is uncertain. Here, we reviewed the current state of knowledge concerning retinal circuitry in marmosets from neuroanatomical investigations. We have also highlighted the aspects of marmoset retinal circuitry that remain obscure, in addition, to identify what further research is needed to better understand the connections and functions of retinorecipient structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelyane Nayara M. Santana
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eryck H. A. Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sâmarah F. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Miriam S. M. O. Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Expedito S. Nascimento Junior
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rovena Clara J. G. Engelberth
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S. Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil,*Correspondence: Jeferson S. Cavalcante,
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17
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Yoshimatsu S, Nakajima M, Sonn I, Natsume R, Sakimura K, Nakatsukasa E, Sasaoka T, Nakamura M, Serizawa T, Sato T, Sasaki E, Deng H, Okano H. Attempts for deriving extended pluripotent stem cells from common marmoset embryonic stem cells. Genes Cells 2023; 28:156-169. [PMID: 36530170 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs) derived from mice and humans showed an enhanced potential for chimeric formation. By exploiting transcriptomic approaches, we assessed the differences in gene expression profile between extended EPSCs derived from mice and humans, and those newly derived from the common marmoset (marmoset; Callithrix jacchus). Although the marmoset EPSC-like cells displayed a unique colony morphology distinct from murine and human EPSCs, they displayed a pluripotent state akin to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), as confirmed by gene expression and immunocytochemical analyses of pluripotency markers and three-germ-layer differentiation assay. Importantly, the marmoset EPSC-like cells showed interspecies chimeric contribution to mouse embryos, such as E6.5 blastocysts in vitro and E6.5 epiblasts in vivo in mouse development. Also, we discovered that the perturbation of gene expression of the marmoset EPSC-like cells from the original ESCs resembled that of human EPSCs. Taken together, our multiple analyses evaluated the efficacy of the method for the derivation of marmoset EPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yoshimatsu
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mayutaka Nakajima
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iki Sonn
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ena Nakatsukasa
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshikuni Sasaoka
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mari Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Serizawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukika Sato
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hongkui Deng
- Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
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18
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Zhang F, Mao H, Zhu J, Zhou R, Zhang L, Jiang H. Comparison of differential metabolites in brain tissue of aged marmosets and serum of elderly patients after prolonged anesthesia. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1134239. [PMID: 37033373 PMCID: PMC10081450 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1134239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the differential metabolites in the brain tissue of aged marmosets after long-term anesthesia (≥ 6 h) and the serum of elderly patients by metabolomics methods. Methods Six aged marmosets (≥ 8 years old) were divided into two groups: anesthesia and control. The aged monkeys in the anesthesia group were induced with 6-8% sevoflurane and 100% oxygen (2 l/min) for 1-2 min and maintained with 1.5-2.5% sevoflurane and 100% oxygen (2 l/min) for 6 h. In the control group (n = 3), anesthesia was only induced under the same conditions for 1-2 min. The prefrontal cortex tissues of the two groups of aged marmosets were collected for metabolomics detection. Twenty-nine elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) who had undergone surgical anesthesia for more than 6 h were enrolled. Serum samples were collected before and on the first day after surgery for metabolomics analysis. Differential metabolites were compared between human serum and marmoset brain tissue. Results The changes in lactate and xanthurenic acid in the serum of elderly patients were consistent with those in the brain tissue of aged marmoset monkeys, that is, lactate was up-regulated and xanthurenic acid was down-regulated. However, serum levels of 5-methylterahydrofolic acid and leucine were down-regulated in elderly patients after anesthesia. In contrast, 5-methylterahydrofolic acid and leucine levels were up-regulated in the prefrontal cortex of aged marmosets compared with control marmosets. Furthermore, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathway were both significantly enriched in the prefrontal cortex of aged marmosets and serum of elderly patients after surgery. Conclusion The changes of serum metabolites in elderly patients are not exactly the same as the metabolic changes of brain tissues in aged marmosets. The metabolic changes in serum lactate and xanthurenic acid levels can reflect brain tissue metabolism. The enrichment pathways of differential metabolites in the serum of elderly patients and the brain tissue of aged marmosets were partially the same.
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19
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Gilbert KM, Dureux A, Jafari A, Zanini A, Zeman P, Menon RS, Everling S. A radiofrequency coil to facilitate task-based fMRI of awake marmosets. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 383:109737. [PMID: 36341968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is an ideal nonhuman primate for awake fMRI in ultra-high field small animal MRI scanners. However, it can often be challenging in task-based fMRI experiments to provide a robust stimulus within the MRI environment while using hardware (an RF coil and restraint system) that is compatible with awake imaging. NEW METHOD Here we present an RF coil and restraint system that permits unimpeded access to an awake marmoset's head subsequent to immobilization, thereby permitting the setup of peripheral devices and stimuli proximal to the head. RESULTS As an example application, an fMRI experiment probing whole-brain activation in response to marmoset vocalizations was conducted-this paradigm showed significant bilateral activation in the inferior colliculus, medial lateral geniculate nucleus, and auditory cortex. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) The coil performance was evaluated and compared to a previously published restraint system with integrated RF coil. The image and temporal SNR were improved by up to 58 % and 27 %, respectively, in the peripheral cortex and by 30 % and 3 % in the centre of the brain. The restraint-system topology limited head motion to less than 100 µm of translation and 0.30° of rotation when measured over a 15-minute acquisition. CONCLUSIONS The proposed hardware solution provides a versatile approach to awake-marmoset imaging and, as demonstrated, can facilitate task-based fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Gilbert
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Audrey Dureux
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Azadeh Jafari
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alessandro Zanini
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Zeman
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ravi S Menon
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Everling
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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20
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Chong MHY, Worthy KH, Rosa MGP, Atapour N. Neuronal density and expression of calcium-binding proteins across the layers of the superior colliculus in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2966-2976. [PMID: 35833512 PMCID: PMC9796076 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The superior colliculus (SC) is a layered midbrain structure with functions that include polysensory and sensorimotor integration. Here, we describe the distribution of different immunohistochemically identified classes of neurons in the SC of adult marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus). Neuronal nuclei (NeuN) staining was used to determine the overall neuronal density in the different SC layers. In addition, we studied the distribution of neurons expressing different calcium-binding proteins (calbindin [CB], parvalbumin [PV] and calretinin [CR]). Our results indicate that neuronal density in the SC decreases from superficial to deep layers. Although the neuronal density within the same layer varies little across the mediolateral axis, it tends to be lower at rostral levels, compared to caudal levels. Cells expressing different calcium-binding proteins display differential gradients of density according to depth. Both CB- and CR-expressing neurons show markedly higher densities in the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS), compared to the stratum opticum and intermediate and deep layers. However, CR-expressing neurons are twice as common as CB-expressing neurons outside the SGS. The distribution of PV-expressing cells follows a shallow density gradient from superficial to deep layers. When normalized relative to total neuronal density, the proportion of CR-expressing neurons increases between the superficial and intermediate layers, whereas that of CB-expressing neurons declines toward the deep layers. The proportion of PV-expressing neurons remains constant across layers. Our data provide layer-specific and accurate estimates of neuronal density, which may be important for the generation of biophysical models of how the primate SC transforms sensory inputs into motor signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H. Y. Chong
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience ProgramBiomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Katrina H. Worthy
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience ProgramBiomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Marcello G. P. Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience ProgramBiomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Nafiseh Atapour
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience ProgramBiomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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21
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Muta K, Hata J, Kawaguchi N, Haga Y, Yoshimaru D, Hagiya K, Kaneko T, Miyabe-Nishiwaki T, Komaki Y, Seki F, Okano HJ, Okano H. Effect of sedatives or anesthetics on the measurement of resting brain function in common marmosets. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5148-5162. [PMID: 36222604 PMCID: PMC10151911 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common marmosets are promising laboratory animals for the study of higher brain functions. Although there are many opportunities to use sedatives and anesthetics in resting brain function measurements in marmosets, their effects on the resting-state network remain unclear. In this study, the effects of sedatives or anesthetics such as midazolam, dexmedetomidine, co-administration of isoflurane and dexmedetomidine, propofol, alfaxalone, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on the resting brain function in common marmosets were evaluated using independent component analysis, dual regression analysis, and graph-theoretic analysis; and the sedatives or anesthetics suitable for the evaluation of resting brain function were investigated. The results show that network preservation tendency under light sedative with midazolam and dexmedetomidine is similar regardless of the type of target receptor. Moreover, alfaxalone, isoflurane, and sevoflurane have similar effects on resting state brain function, but only propofol exhibits different tendencies, as resting brain function is more preserved than it is following the administration of the other anesthetics. Co-administration of isoflurane and dexmedetomidine shows middle effect between sedatives and anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Muta
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Junichi Hata
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Yawara Haga
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshimaru
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kei Hagiya
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kaneko
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Systems Neuroscience Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki
- Center for Model Human Evolution Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Yuji Komaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Fumiko Seki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Hirotaka James Okano
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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22
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Polyakova Z, Iwase M, Hashimoto R, Yoshida M. The effect of ketamine on eye movement characteristics during free-viewing of natural images in common marmosets. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1012300. [PMID: 36203813 PMCID: PMC9530575 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1012300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various eye movement abnormalities and impairments in visual information processing have been reported in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, dysfunction of saccadic eye movements is a potential biological marker for schizophrenia. In the present study, we used a pharmacological model of schizophrenia symptoms in marmosets and compared the eye movement characteristics of marmosets during free-viewing, using an image set identical to those used for human studies. It contains natural and complex images that were randomly presented for 8 s. As a pharmacological model of schizophrenia symptoms, a subanesthetic dose of ketamine was injected intramuscularly for transient and reversible manipulation. Eye movements were recorded and compared under a ketamine condition and a saline condition as a control. The results showed that ketamine affected eye movement characteristics during free-viewing. Saccades amplitude and scanpath length were significantly reduced in the ketamine condition. In addition, the duration of saccades was longer under the ketamine condition than under the saline condition. A similar tendency was observed for the duration of fixations. The number of saccades and fixations tended to decrease in the ketamine condition. The peak saccades velocity also decreased after ketamine injection whereas there was no difference in the main sequence relationship between saccades amplitude and peak velocity. These results suggest that ketamine affected visual exploration but did not affect the oculomotor aspect of saccades in marmosets, consistent with studies in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, we conclude that the subanesthetic dose of ketamine is a promising pharmacological model of schizophrenia symptoms in common marmosets and can be used in combination with free-viewing paradigms to establish “translatable markers” for schizophrenia in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Polyakova
- Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masao Iwase
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yoshida
- Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masatoshi Yoshida,
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23
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Yoshimatsu S, Seki F, Okahara J, Watanabe H, Sasaguri H, Haga Y, Hata JI, Sanosaka T, Inoue T, Mineshige T, Lee CY, Shinohara H, Kurotaki Y, Komaki Y, Kishi N, Murayama AY, Nagai Y, Minamimoto T, Yamamoto M, Nakajima M, Zhou Z, Nemoto A, Sato T, Ikeuchi T, Sahara N, Morimoto S, Shiozawa S, Saido TC, Sasaki E, Okano H. Multimodal analyses of a non-human primate model harboring mutant amyloid precursor protein transgenes driven by the human EF1α promoter. Neurosci Res 2022; 185:49-61. [PMID: 36075457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia which afflicts tens of millions of people worldwide. Despite many scientific progresses to dissect the AD's molecular basis from studies on various mouse models, it has been suffered from evolutionary species differences. Here, we report generation of a non-human primate (NHP), common marmoset model ubiquitously expressing Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) transgenes with the Swedish (KM670/671NL) and Indiana (V717F) mutations. The transgene integration of generated two transgenic marmosets (TG1&TG2) was thoroughly investigated by genomic PCR, whole-genome sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. By reprogramming, we confirmed the validity of transgene expression in induced neurons in vitro. Moreover, we discovered structural changes in specific brain regions of transgenic marmosets by magnetic resonance imaging analysis, including in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. In immunohistochemistry, we detected increased Aβ plaque-like structures in TG1 brain at 7 years old, although evident neuronal loss or glial inflammation was not observed. Thus, this study summarizes our attempt to establish an NHP AD model. Although the transgenesis approach alone seemed not sufficient to fully recapitulate AD in NHPs, it may be beneficial for drug development and further disease modeling by combination with other genetically engineered models and disease-inducing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yoshimatsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Fumiko Seki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Junko Okahara
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaguri
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yawara Haga
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Hata
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sanosaka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Takayuki Mineshige
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Haruka Shinohara
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Yoko Kurotaki
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Yuji Komaki
- Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kishi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ayaka Y Murayama
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagai
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba City, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takafumi Minamimoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba City, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yamamoto
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Mayutaka Nakajima
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akisa Nemoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tsukika Sato
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8122, Japan
| | - Naruhiko Sahara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba City, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Seiji Shiozawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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24
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Bergmann S, Penfold CA, Slatery E, Siriwardena D, Drummer C, Clark S, Strawbridge SE, Kishimoto K, Vickers A, Tewary M, Kohler TN, Hollfelder F, Reik W, Sasaki E, Behr R, Boroviak TE. Spatial profiling of early primate gastrulation in utero. Nature 2022; 609:136-143. [PMID: 35709828 PMCID: PMC7614364 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gastrulation controls the emergence of cellular diversity and axis patterning in the early embryo. In mammals, this transformation is orchestrated by dynamic signalling centres at the interface of embryonic and extraembryonic tissues1-3. Elucidating the molecular framework of axis formation in vivo is fundamental for our understanding of human development4-6 and to advance stem-cell-based regenerative approaches7. Here we illuminate early gastrulation of marmoset embryos in utero using spatial transcriptomics and stem-cell-based embryo models. Gaussian process regression-based 3D transcriptomes delineate the emergence of the anterior visceral endoderm, which is hallmarked by conserved (HHEX, LEFTY2, LHX1) and primate-specific (POSTN, SDC4, FZD5) factors. WNT signalling spatially coordinates the formation of the primitive streak in the embryonic disc and is counteracted by SFRP1 and SFRP2 to sustain pluripotency in the anterior domain. Amnion specification occurs at the boundaries of the embryonic disc through ID1, ID2 and ID3 in response to BMP signalling, providing a developmental rationale for amnion differentiation of primate pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Spatial identity mapping demonstrates that primed marmoset PSCs exhibit the highest similarity to the anterior embryonic disc, whereas naive PSCs resemble the preimplantation epiblast. Our 3D transcriptome models reveal the molecular code of lineage specification in the primate embryo and provide an in vivo reference to decipher human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bergmann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher A Penfold
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erin Slatery
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dylan Siriwardena
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charis Drummer
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephen Clark
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stanley E Strawbridge
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keiko Kishimoto
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Alice Vickers
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mukul Tewary
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Timo N Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Wolf Reik
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten E Boroviak
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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25
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Sawamura M, Onoe H, Tsukada H, Isa K, Yamakado H, Okuda S, Ikuno M, Hatanaka Y, Murayama S, Uemura N, Isa T, Takahashi R. Lewy Body Disease Primate Model with α-Synuclein Propagation from the Olfactory Bulb. Mov Disord 2022; 37:2033-2044. [PMID: 35989519 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lewy body diseases (LBDs), which are pathologically defined as the presence of intraneuronal α-synuclein (α-Syn) inclusions called Lewy bodies, encompass Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Autopsy studies have shown that the olfactory bulb (OB) is one of the regions where Lewy pathology develops and initiates its spread in the brain. OBJECTIVE This study aims to clarify how Lewy pathology spreads from the OB and affects brain functions using nonhuman primates. METHODS We inoculated α-Syn preformed fibrils into the unilateral OBs of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and performed pathological analyses, manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography up to 6 months postinoculation. RESULTS Severe α-Syn pathology was observed within the olfactory pathway and limbic system, while mild α-Syn pathology was seen in a wide range of brain regions, including the substantia nigra pars compacta, locus coeruleus, and even dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. The brain imaging analyses showed reduction in volume of the OB and progressive glucose hypometabolism in widespread brain regions, including the occipital lobe, and extended beyond the pathologically affected regions. CONCLUSIONS We generated a novel nonhuman primate LBD model with α-Syn propagation from the OB. This model suggests that α-Syn propagation from the OB is related to OB atrophy and cerebral glucose hypometabolism in LBDs. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Sawamura
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Isa
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Okuda
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikuno
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hatanaka
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology (Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital & Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Mao H, Zhu J, Cheng Y, Shi L, Chen X, Zhou R, Xue Z, Liu S, Qiu Z, Jiang H. Effects of Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Cerebral Lipid Metabolism in the Aged Brain of Marmosets and Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:915570. [PMID: 35875666 PMCID: PMC9298509 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.915570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In the lipid-rich brain, lipids performed signaling processes associated with the control system of the cell cycle, stress, and inflammatory reactions, as well as maintained brain and cellular homeostasis. The effects of general anesthesia on brain impairment in the elderly were controversial and complex. The study sought to evaluate the effect of lipid metabolism in the brain of aged marmosets and mice under long-term exposure to sevoflurane. Methods A total of 6 marmosets over 8-year-old and 10 mice aged 18 months were divided into the sevoflurane anesthesia and control groups, respectively. Marmosets in the sevoflurane anesthesia group were exposed to 1.5–2.5% sevoflurane and 100% O2 for 6 h. Mice anesthetized with sevoflurane were exposed to 3% sevoflurane and 60% O2 for 6 h. All prefrontal cortex tissues of marmosets and mice were harvested for the analysis of lipidomics. Results Compared to the control group, we found that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (18:0/22:5), PE (16:0/22:5), PE (18:2/22:5), PE (14:0/22:5), and PE (18:1/22:5) increased in the prefrontal cortex of marmosets in the sevoflurane group, while triglyceride (TAG)56:5-fatty acid (FA) 20:4, TAG58:10-FA22:6, and TAG60:10-FA22:6 decreased. For aged mice, we indicated that lipid components phosphatidic acid (PA) (18:1/20:2) and TAG52:5-FA20:4 in the sevoflurane group increased, but PE (14:0/22:4), diglyceride (DAG) (16:1/18:2), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (16:1) + AcO decreased. More deeply, sevoflurane anesthesia resulted in the presence of 70 specific lipids in mice and marmosets. The enriched lipid subclasses were mainly monoacylglycerophosphoethanolamines and five other subclasses. Conclusion Sevoflurane caused slight changes in lipid metabolism both in the aged brain of marmosets and mice. However, the pathways of lipid metabolism were not affected. The effects of sevoflurane on lipid metabolism in aged brains may differ among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoli Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyong Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Honda Y, Shimokawa T, Matsuda S, Kobayashi Y, Moriya-Ito K. Hippocampal Connectivity of the Presubiculum in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:863478. [PMID: 35860211 PMCID: PMC9289110 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.863478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The marmoset (a New World monkey) has recently received much attention as an experimental animal model; however, little is known about the connectivity of limbic regions, including cortical and hippocampal memory circuits, in the marmoset. Here, we investigated the neuronal connectivity of the marmoset, especially focusing on the connectivity between the hippocampal formation and the presubiculum, using retrograde and anterograde tracers (cholera toxin-B subunit and biotin dextran amine). We demonstrated the presence of a direct projection from the CA1 pyramidal cell layer to the deep layers of the presubiculum in the marmoset, which was previously identified in the rabbit brain, but not in the rat. We also found that the cells of origin of the subiculo-presubicular projections were localized in the middle part along the superficial-to-deep axis of the pyramidal cell layer of the distal subiculum in the marmoset, which was similar to that in both rats and rabbits. Our results suggest that, compared to the rat and rabbit brains, connections between the hippocampal formation and presubiculum are highly organized and characteristic in the marmoset brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Honda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoshiko Honda,
| | - Tetsuya Shimokawa
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Functional Biomedicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Seiji Matsuda
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Functional Biomedicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Moriya-Ito
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Lin C, Toychiev A, Ablordeppey R, Slavi N, Srinivas M, Benavente-Perez A. Myopia Alters the Structural Organization of the Retinal Vasculature, GFAP-Positive Glia, and Ganglion Cell Layer Thickness. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6202. [PMID: 35682880 PMCID: PMC9181442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To describe the effect of myopic eye growth on the structure and distribution of astrocytes, vasculature, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, which are critical for inner retinal tissue homeostasis and survival. Astrocyte and capillary distribution, retinal nerve fiber (RNFL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thicknesses were assessed using immunochemistry and spectral domain optical coherence tomography on eleven retinas of juvenile common marmosets (Callithrix Jacchus), six of which were induced with lens-induced myopia (refraction, Rx: -7.01 ± 1.8D). Five untreated age-matched juvenile marmoset retinas were used as controls (Rx: -0.74 ± 0.4D). Untreated marmoset eyes grew normally, their RNFL thickened and their astrocyte numbers were associated with RNFL thickness. Marmosets with induced myopia did not show this trend and, on the contrary, had reduced astrocyte numbers, increased GFAP-immunopositive staining, thinner RNFL, lower peripheral capillary branching, and increased numbers of string vessels. The myopic changes in retinal astrocytes, vasculature, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness suggest a reorganization of the astrocyte and vascular templates during myopia development and progression. Whether these adaptations are beneficial or harmful to the retina remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Benavente-Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY 10036, USA; (C.L.); (A.T.); (R.A.); (N.S.); (M.S.)
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29
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Iwamura Y, Nakayama T, Matsumoto A, Ogi Y, Yamaguchi M, Kobayashi A, Matsumoto K, Katsura Y, Konoike N, Nakamura K, Ikeda K. Effect of dopamine receptor-related compounds on naive common marmosets for auditory steady state response. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:229-238. [PMID: 35583977 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00147.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of auditory steady state responses (ASSR) and the effects of antipsychotic drugs on ASSR have been investigated in patients with schizophrenia. It is presumed that effects of drugs do not directly reflect on ASSR, because of ASSR abnormalities associated with schizophrenia. Therefore, to investigate the direct effect of drugs on ASSR, we established an ASSR evaluation system for common marmosets in a naïve state. Dopamine D1 receptor stimulation (SKF-81297, 2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) significantly increased evoked power (EP) at 40 Hz. The phase locking factor (PLF) was increased significantly at 20, 30, 40, and 80 Hz. However, the administration of a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist (SCH-39166, 0.3 mg/kg intraperitoneal) resulted in a significant decrease in EP and PLF at 30 Hz. Dopamine D2 receptor stimulation (quinpirole, 1 mg/kg, intramuscular) tended to increase EP and induced power (IP) at all frequencies, and a significant difference was observed at 30 Hz IP. There was no change in PLF at all frequencies. In addition, dopamine D2 receptor blockade (raclopride, 3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) reduced EP and PLF at 30 Hz. Subcutaneous administration of the serotonin dopamine antagonist, risperidone (0.3 mg/kg), tended to increase IP and decrease PLF, but not significantly. Taken together, it is possible to compare the differences in the mode of action of drugs on ASSR using naïve non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Iwamura
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakayama
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogi
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Masataka Yamaguchi
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Katsura
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Naho Konoike
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsuki Nakamura
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Ikeda
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
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30
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Correia-Caeiro C, Burrows A, Wilson DA, Abdelrahman A, Miyabe-Nishiwaki T. CalliFACS: The common marmoset Facial Action Coding System. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266442. [PMID: 35580128 PMCID: PMC9113598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial expressions are subtle cues, central for communication and conveying emotions in mammals. Traditionally, facial expressions have been classified as a whole (e.g. happy, angry, bared-teeth), due to automatic face processing in the human brain, i.e., humans categorise emotions globally, but are not aware of subtle or isolated cues such as an eyebrow raise. Moreover, the same facial configuration (e.g. lip corners pulled backwards exposing teeth) can convey widely different information depending on the species (e.g. humans: happiness; chimpanzees: fear). The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is considered the gold standard for investigating human facial behaviour and avoids subjective interpretations of meaning by objectively measuring independent movements linked to facial muscles, called Action Units (AUs). Following a similar methodology, we developed the CalliFACS for the common marmoset. First, we determined the facial muscular plan of the common marmoset by examining dissections from the literature. Second, we recorded common marmosets in a variety of contexts (e.g. grooming, feeding, play, human interaction, veterinary procedures), and selected clips from online databases (e.g. YouTube) to identify their facial movements. Individual facial movements were classified according to appearance changes produced by the corresponding underlying musculature. A diverse repertoire of 33 facial movements was identified in the common marmoset (15 Action Units, 15 Action Descriptors and 3 Ear Action Descriptors). Although we observed a reduced range of facial movement when compared to the HumanFACS, the common marmoset's range of facial movements was larger than predicted according to their socio-ecology and facial morphology, which indicates their importance for social interactions. CalliFACS is a scientific tool to measure facial movements, and thus, allows us to better understand the common marmoset's expressions and communication. As common marmosets have become increasingly popular laboratory animal models, from neuroscience to cognition, CalliFACS can be used as an important tool to evaluate their welfare, particularly in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Burrows
- Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Duncan Andrew Wilson
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
- Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Abdelhady Abdelrahman
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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31
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Kudo M, Wupuer S, Kubota S, Seki K. Distribution of Large and Small Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons in Common Marmosets. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:801492. [PMID: 34924967 PMCID: PMC8674680 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.801492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the size and distribution of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in non-human primates and to compare them with those of rodent DRG neurons. By measuring the size of NeuN-, NF200-, and peripherin-positive DRG neurons in the lumbar spinal cord of rats and marmosets, we found that the cell size distribution pattern was comparable in both species, although DRG neurons in marmosets were larger than those of rodents. This is the first demonstration that DRG neurons in marmosets have a bimodal size distribution, which has been well established in rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Kudo
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Sidikejiang Wupuer
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Shinji Kubota
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seki
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
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32
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Mckean NE, Handley RR, Snell RG. A Review of the Current Mammalian Models of Alzheimer's Disease and Challenges That Need to Be Overcome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13168. [PMID: 34884970 PMCID: PMC8658123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the looming health crises of the near future. Increasing lifespans and better medical treatment for other conditions mean that the prevalence of this disease is expected to triple by 2050. The impact of AD includes both the large toll on individuals and their families as well as a large financial cost to society. So far, we have no way to prevent, slow, or cure the disease. Current medications can only alleviate some of the symptoms temporarily. Many animal models of AD have been created, with the first transgenic mouse model in 1995. Mouse models have been beset by challenges, and no mouse model fully captures the symptomatology of AD without multiple genetic mutations and/or transgenes, some of which have never been implicated in human AD. Over 25 years later, many mouse models have been given an AD-like disease and then 'cured' in the lab, only for the treatments to fail in clinical trials. This review argues that small animal models are insufficient for modelling complex disorders such as AD. In order to find effective treatments for AD, we need to create large animal models with brains and lifespan that are closer to humans, and underlying genetics that already predispose them to AD-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Elizabeth Mckean
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.E.M.); (R.R.H.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Renee Robyn Handley
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.E.M.); (R.R.H.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Russell Grant Snell
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.E.M.); (R.R.H.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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33
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Gilbert KM, Cléry JC, Gati JS, Hori Y, Johnston KD, Mashkovtsev A, Selvanayagam J, Zeman P, Menon RS, Schaeffer DJ, Everling S. Simultaneous functional MRI of two awake marmosets. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6608. [PMID: 34785685 PMCID: PMC8595428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Social cognition is a dynamic process that requires the perception and integration of a complex set of idiosyncratic features between interacting conspecifics. Here we present a method for simultaneously measuring the whole-brain activation of two socially interacting marmoset monkeys using functional magnetic resonance imaging. MRI hardware (a radiofrequency coil and peripheral devices) and image-processing pipelines were developed to assess brain responses to socialization, both on an intra-brain and inter-brain level. Notably, the brain activation of a marmoset when viewing a second marmoset in-person versus when viewing a pre-recorded video of the same marmoset-i.e., when either capable or incapable of socially interacting with a visible conspecific-demonstrates increased activation in the face-patch network. This method enables a wide range of possibilities for potentially studying social function and dysfunction in a non-human primate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Gilbert
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Justine C Cléry
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph S Gati
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yuki Hori
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin D Johnston
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Mashkovtsev
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Janahan Selvanayagam
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Zeman
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ravi S Menon
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - David J Schaeffer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stefan Everling
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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34
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Turk AZ, SheikhBahaei S. Morphometric analysis of astrocytes in vocal production circuits of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:574-589. [PMID: 34387357 PMCID: PMC8716418 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes, the star-shaped glial cells, are the most abundant non-neuronal cell population in the central nervous system. They play a key role in modulating activities of neural networks, including those involved in complex motor behaviors. Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), the most vocal non-human primate (NHP), have been used to study the physiology of vocalization and social vocal production. However, the neural circuitry involved in vocal production is not fully understood. In addition, even less is known about the involvement of astrocytes in this circuit. To understand the role, that astrocytes may play in the complex behavior of vocalization, the initial step may be to study their structural properties in the cortical and subcortical regions that are known to be involved in vocalization. Here, in the common marmoset, we identify all astrocytic subtypes seen in other primate's brains, including intralaminar astrocytes. In addition, we reveal detailed structural characteristics of astrocytes and perform morphometric analysis of astrocytes residing in the cortex and midbrain regions that are associated with vocal production. We found that cortical astrocytes in these regions illustrate a higher level of complexity when compared to those in the midbrain. We hypothesize that this complexity that is expressed in cortical astrocytes may reflect their functions to meet the metabolic/structural needs of these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Z Turk
- Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shahriar SheikhBahaei
- Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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35
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Mylavarapu R, Prins NW, Pohlmeyer EA, Shoup AM, Debnath S, Geng S, Sanchez JC, Schwartz O, Prasad A. Chronic recordings from the marmoset motor cortex reveals modulation of neural firing and local field potentials overlap with macaques. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34225263 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac115c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.The common marmoset has been increasingly used in neural interfacing studies due to its smaller size, easier handling, and faster breeding compared to Old World non-human primate (NHP) species. While assessment of cortical anatomy in marmosets has shown strikingly similar layout to macaques, comprehensive assessment of electrophysiological properties underlying forelimb reaching movements in this bridge species does not exist. The objective of this study is to characterize electrophysiological properties of signals recorded from the marmoset primary motor cortex (M1) during a reach task and compare with larger NHP models such that this smaller NHP model can be used in behavioral neural interfacing studies.Approach and main results.Neuronal firing rates and local field potentials (LFPs) were chronically recorded from M1 in three adult, male marmosets. Firing rates, mu + beta and high gamma frequency bands of LFPs were evaluated for modulation with respect to movement. Firing rate and regularity of neurons of the marmoset M1 were similar to that reported in macaques with a subset of neurons showing selectivity to movement direction. Movement phases (rest vs move) was classified from both neural spiking and LFPs. Microelectrode arrays provide the ability to sample small regions of the motor cortex to drive brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). The results demonstrate that marmosets are a robust bridge species for behavioral neuroscience studies with motor cortical electrophysiological signals recorded from microelectrode arrays that are similar to Old World NHPs.Significance. As marmosets represent an interesting step between rodent and macaque models, successful demonstration that neuron modulation in marmoset motor cortex is analogous to reports in macaques illustrates the utility of marmosets as a viable species for BMI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanamurthy Mylavarapu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL United States of America
| | - Noeline W Prins
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - Eric A Pohlmeyer
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, United States of America
| | - Alden M Shoup
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL United States of America
| | - Shubham Debnath
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
| | - Shijia Geng
- Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | | | - Odelia Schwartz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Abhishek Prasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL United States of America.,The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL United States of America
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36
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Callithrix jacchus (the common marmoset). Trends Genet 2021; 37:948-949. [PMID: 34215424 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Yang C, Zhou Y, Marcus S, Formenti G, Bergeron LA, Song Z, Bi X, Bergman J, Rousselle MMC, Zhou C, Zhou L, Deng Y, Fang M, Xie D, Zhu Y, Tan S, Mountcastle J, Haase B, Balacco J, Wood J, Chow W, Rhie A, Pippel M, Fabiszak MM, Koren S, Fedrigo O, Freiwald WA, Howe K, Yang H, Phillippy AM, Schierup MH, Jarvis ED, Zhang G. Evolutionary and biomedical insights from a marmoset diploid genome assembly. Nature 2021; 594:227-233. [PMID: 33910227 PMCID: PMC8189906 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The accurate and complete assembly of both haplotype sequences of a diploid organism is essential to understanding the role of variation in genome functions, phenotypes and diseases1. Here, using a trio-binning approach, we present a high-quality, diploid reference genome, with both haplotypes assembled independently at the chromosome level, for the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), an primate model system that is widely used in biomedical research2,3. The full spectrum of heterozygosity between the two haplotypes involves 1.36% of the genome-much higher than the 0.13% indicated by the standard estimation based on single-nucleotide heterozygosity alone. The de novo mutation rate is 0.43 × 10-8 per site per generation, and the paternal inherited genome acquired twice as many mutations as the maternal. Our diploid assembly enabled us to discover a recent expansion of the sex-differentiation region and unique evolutionary changes in the marmoset Y chromosome. In addition, we identified many genes with signatures of positive selection that might have contributed to the evolution of Callithrix biological features. Brain-related genes were highly conserved between marmosets and humans, although several genes experienced lineage-specific copy number variations or diversifying selection, with implications for the use of marmosets as a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chentao Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Villum Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stephanie Marcus
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giulio Formenti
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucie A Bergeron
- Villum Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhenzhen Song
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Juraj Bergman
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Yuan Deng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Villum Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Duo Xie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | - Bettina Haase
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Balacco
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Arang Rhie
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin Pippel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Systems Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sergey Koren
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olivier Fedrigo
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Winrich A Freiwald
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Brains, Minds and Machines (CBMM), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Adam M Phillippy
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Erich D Jarvis
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Guojie Zhang
- Villum Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. .,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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38
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Schmidt JK, Mean KD, Dusek BM, Hinkle HM, Puntney RC, Alexander ES, Malicki KB, Sneed EL, Moy AW, Golos TG. Comparative computer-assisted sperm analysis in non-human primates. J Med Primatol 2021; 50:108-119. [PMID: 33469948 PMCID: PMC7969417 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomedical research has recently focused on developing new models of human disease by implementing genome-editing strategies in non-human primates (NHPs) to introduce relevant gene mutations. There is a need to establish objective semen evaluation methods to select sires for in vitro fertilization to perform germline editing in embryos. METHODS Sperm motility kinematic parameters were evaluated using a computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) instrument for rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), and common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). RESULTS Normative sperm kinematic parameters were established, revealing differences between marmosets and macaques. The impact of season on rhesus macaque sperm motility was modest, where changes in sperm motility related to season were dependent on the individual male. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a baseline of normative kinematic parameters for three captive NHP species, in which implementation of CASA may serve as a tool to evaluate NHP semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hayly M. Hinkle
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Emily L. Sneed
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy W. Moy
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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39
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Harwalkar K, Ford MJ, Teng K, Yamanaka N, Yang B, Burtscher I, Lickert H, Yamanaka Y. Anatomical and cellular heterogeneity in the mouse oviduct-its potential roles in reproduction and preimplantation development†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:1249-1261. [PMID: 33693543 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The oviduct/fallopian tube is a tube-like structure that extends from the uterus to the ovary. It is an essential reproductive organ that provides an environment for internal fertilization and preimplantation development. However, our knowledge of its regional and cellular heterogeneity is still limited. Here, we examined the anatomical complexity of mouse oviducts using modern imaging techniques and fluorescence reporter lines. We found that there are consistent coiling patterns and turning points in the coiled mouse oviduct that serve as reliable landmarks for luminal morphological regionalities. We also found previously unrecognized anatomical structures in the isthmus and uterotubal junction, which likely play roles in reproduction. Furthermore, we demarcated the ampulla-isthmus junction as a distinct region. Taken together, the oviduct mucosal epithelium has highly diverse structures with distinct epithelial cell populations, reflecting its complex functions in reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Harwalkar
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew J Ford
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katie Teng
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nobuko Yamanaka
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brenna Yang
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yojiro Yamanaka
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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40
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Levy G, Barak B. Postnatal therapeutic approaches in genetic neurodevelopmental disorders. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:414-422. [PMID: 32985459 PMCID: PMC7996025 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.293133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by abnormal neurophysiological and behavioral phenotypes, affecting individuals worldwide. While the subject has been heavily researched, current treatment options relate mostly to alleviating symptoms, rather than targeting the altered genome itself. In this review, we address the neurogenetic basis of neurodevelopmental disorders, genetic tools that are enabling precision research of these disorders in animal models, and postnatal gene-therapy approaches for neurodevelopmental disorders derived from preclinical studies in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Levy
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Boaz Barak
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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41
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Comparison of Genetically Engineered Immunodeficient Animal Models for Nonclinical Testing of Stem Cell Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020130. [PMID: 33498509 PMCID: PMC7909568 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the recovery or replacement of dysfunctional cells and tissue—the goal of stem cell research—successful engraftment of transplanted cells and tissues are essential events. The event is largely dependent on the immune rejection of the recipient; therefore, the immunogenic evaluation of candidate cells or tissues in immunodeficient animals is important. Understanding the immunodeficient system can provide insights into the generation and use of immunodeficient animal models, presenting a unique system to explore the capabilities of the innate immune system. In this review, we summarize various immunodeficient animal model systems with different target genes as valuable tools for biomedical research. There have been numerous immunodeficient models developed by different gene defects, resulting in many different features in phenotype. More important, mice, rats, and other large animals exhibit very different immunological and physiological features in tissue and organs, including genetic background and a representation of human disease conditions. Therefore, the findings from this review may guide researchers to select the most appropriate immunodeficient strain, target gene, and animal species based on the research type, mutant gene effects, and similarity to human immunological features for stem cell research.
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42
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Colman RJ, Capuano S, Bakker J, Keeley J, Nakamura K, Ross C. Marmosets: Welfare, Ethical Use, and IACUC/Regulatory Considerations. ILAR J 2020; 61:167-178. [PMID: 33620069 PMCID: PMC9214643 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of marmosets in biomedical research has increased dramatically in recent years due, in large part, to their suitability for transgenic applications and utility as models for neuroscience investigations. This increased use includes the establishment of new colonies and involvement of people new to marmoset research. To facilitate the use of the marmoset as a research model, we provide an overview of issues surrounding the ethics and regulations associated with captive marmoset research, including discussion of the history of marmosets in research, current uses of marmosets, ethical considerations related to marmoset use, issues related to importation of animals, and recommendations for regulatory oversight of gene-edited marmosets. To understand the main concerns that oversight bodies have regarding captive biomedical research with marmosets, we developed a brief, 15-question survey that was then sent electronically to academic and biomedical research institutions worldwide that were believed to house colonies of marmosets intended for biomedical research. The survey included general questions regarding the individual respondent's colony, status of research use of the colony and institutional oversight of both the colony itself and the research use of the colony. We received completed surveys from a total of 18 institutions from North America, Europe, and Asia. Overall, there appeared to be no clear difference in regulatory oversight body concerns between countries/regions. One difference that we were able to appreciate was that while biomedical research with marmosets was noted to be either stable or decreasing in Europe, use was clearly increasing elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricki J Colman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Saverio Capuano
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jaco Bakker
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Jo Keeley
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Corinna Ross
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, Texas, USA; and Population Health, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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43
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Liu C, Yen CCC, Szczupak D, Tian X, Glen D, Silva AC. Marmoset Brain Mapping V3: Population multi-modal standard volumetric and surface-based templates. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117620. [PMID: 33307224 PMCID: PMC7908070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard anatomical brain template provides a common space and coordinate system for visualizing and analyzing neuroimaging data from large cohorts of subjects. Previous templates and atlases for the common marmoset brain were either based on data from a single individual or lacked essential functionalities for neuroimaging analysis. Here, we present new population-based in-vivo standard templates and tools derived from multi-modal data of 27 marmosets, including multiple types of T1w and T2w contrast images, DTI contrasts, and large field-of-view MRI and CT images. We performed multi-atlas labeling of anatomical structures on the new templates and constructed highly accurate tissue-type segmentation maps to facilitate volumetric studies. We built fully featured brain surfaces and cortical flat maps to facilitate 3D visualization and surface-based analyses, which are compatible with most surface analyzing tools, including FreeSurfer, AFNI/SUMA, and the Connectome Workbench. Analysis of the MRI and CT datasets revealed significant variations in brain shapes, sizes, and regional volumes of brain structures, highlighting substantial individual variabilities in the marmoset population. Thus, our population-based template and associated tools provide a versatile analysis platform and standard coordinate system for a wide range of MRI and connectome studies of common marmosets. These new template tools comprise version 3 of our Marmoset Brain Mapping Project and are publicly available via marmosetbrainmapping.org/v3.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cirong Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, 3501 Fifth Avenue, 6065 Biomedical Science Tower 3, Pittsburgh PA, USA; Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Cecil Chern-Chyi Yen
- Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diego Szczupak
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, 3501 Fifth Avenue, 6065 Biomedical Science Tower 3, Pittsburgh PA, USA; Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, 3501 Fifth Avenue, 6065 Biomedical Science Tower 3, Pittsburgh PA, USA; Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Glen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Afonso C Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, 3501 Fifth Avenue, 6065 Biomedical Science Tower 3, Pittsburgh PA, USA; Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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44
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Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a small New World primate, is receiving substantial attention in the neuroscience and biomedical science fields because its anatomical features, functional and behavioral characteristics, and reproductive features and its amenability to available genetic modification technologies make it an attractive experimental subject. In this review, I outline the progress of marmoset neuroscience research and summarize both the current status (opportunities and limitations) of and the future perspectives on the application of marmosets in neuroscience and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; .,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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45
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A glance at the gut microbiota of five experimental animal species through fecal samples. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16628. [PMID: 33024229 PMCID: PMC7538948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental animals including the ferret, marmoset, woodchuck, mini pig, and tree shrew have been used in biomedical research. However, their gut microbiota have not been fully investigated. In this study, the gut microbiota of these five experimental animals were analyzed with 16S rRNA sequencing. The phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria were present in the gut microbiota of all the species. Specific phyla were present in different animals: Proteobacteria in the ferret, Tenericutes in the marmoset, and Spirochaetes in the mini pig. Fusobacterium and unidentified Clostridiales were the dominant genera in the ferret, whereas Libanicoccus, Lactobacillus, Porphyromonas, and Peptoclostridium were specific to marmoset, mini pig, woodchuck, and tree shrew, respectively. A clustering analysis showed that the overall distribution of microbial species in the guts of these species mirrored their mammalian phylogeny, and the microbiota of the marmoset and tree shrew showed the closest bray_curtis distances to that of humans. PICRUSt functional prediction separated the woodchuck from the other species, which may reflect its herbivorous diet. In conclusion, both the evolutionary phylogeny and daily diet affect the gut microbiota of these experimental animals, which should not be neglected for their usage in biomedical research.
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46
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Muta K, Miyabe-Nishiwaki T, Masui K, Yajima I, Iizuka T, Kaneko A, Nishimura R. Pharmacokinetics and effects on clinical and physiological parameters following a single bolus dose of propofol in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:18-27. [PMID: 32880998 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (a) to establish a population pharmacokinetic model and (b) to investigate the clinical and physiological effects of a single bolus dose of propofol in common marmosets. In Study 1, pharmacokinetic analysis was performed in six marmosets under sevoflurane anaesthesia. 8 mg/kg of propofol was administrated at a rate of 4 mg kg-1 min-1 . Blood samples were collected 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 or 180 min after starting propofol administration. Plasma concentration was measured, and population pharmacokinetic modelling was performed. A two-compartment model was selected as the final model. The population pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: V1 = 1.14 L, V2 = 77.6 L, CL1 = 0.00182 L/min, CL2 = 0.0461 L/min. In Study 2, clinical and physiological parameters were assessed and recorded every 2 min after 12 mg/kg of propofol was administrated at a rate of 4 mg kg-1 min-1 . Immobilization was sustained for 5 min following propofol administration without apparent bradycardia. While combination of propofol and sevoflurane caused apnoea in Study 1, apnoea was not observed following single administration of propofol in Study 2. These data provide bases for further investigation on intravenous anaesthesia using propofol in common marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Muta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Masui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Yajima
- Department of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Iizuka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kaneko
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Son YW, Choi HN, Che JH, Kang BC, Yun JW. Advances in selecting appropriate non-rodent species for regulatory toxicology research: Policy, ethical, and experimental considerations. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 116:104757. [PMID: 32758521 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In vivo animal studies are required by regulatory agencies to investigate drug safety before clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the process of selecting a relevant non-rodent species for preclinical studies. The dog is the primary, default non-rodent used in toxicology studies with multiple scientific advantages, including adequate background data and availability. Rabbit has many regulatory advantages as the first non-rodent for the evaluation of reproductive and developmental as well as local toxicity. Recently, minipigs have increasingly replaced dogs and rabbits in toxicology studies due to ethical and scientific advantages including similarity to humans and breeding habits. When these species are not relevant, nonhuman primates (NHPs) can be used as the available animal models, especially in toxicology studies investigating biotherapeutics. Particularly, based on the phylogenetic relationships, the use of New-World marmosets can be considered before Old-World monkeys, especially cynomolgus with robust historical data. Importantly, the use of NHPs should be justified in terms of scientific benefits considering target affinity, expression pattern, and pharmacological cross-reactivity. Strict standards are required for the use of animals. Therefore, this review is helpful for the selection of appropriate non-rodent in regulatory toxicology studies by providing sufficient regulatory, ethical, and scientific data for each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wook Son
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Ha-Ni Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Che
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea.
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48
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Utility of Common Marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus) Embryonic Stem Cells in Liver Disease Modeling, Tissue Engineering and Drug Metabolism. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070729. [PMID: 32630053 PMCID: PMC7397002 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of liver disease is increasing significantly worldwide and, as a result, there is a pressing need to develop new technologies and applications for end-stage liver diseases. For many of them, orthotopic liver transplantation is the only viable therapeutic option. Stem cells that are capable of differentiating into all liver cell types and could closely mimic human liver disease are extremely valuable for disease modeling, tissue regeneration and repair, and for drug metabolism studies to develop novel therapeutic treatments. Despite the extensive research efforts, positive results from rodent models have not translated meaningfully into realistic preclinical models and therapies. The common marmoset Callithrix jacchus has emerged as a viable non-human primate model to study various human diseases because of its distinct features and close physiologic, genetic and metabolic similarities to humans. C. jacchus embryonic stem cells (cjESC) and recently generated cjESC-derived hepatocyte-like cells (cjESC-HLCs) could fill the gaps in disease modeling, liver regeneration and metabolic studies. They are extremely useful for cell therapy to regenerate and repair damaged liver tissues in vivo as they could efficiently engraft into the liver parenchyma. For in vitro studies, they would be advantageous for drug design and metabolism in developing novel drugs and cell-based therapies. Specifically, they express both phase I and II metabolic enzymes that share similar substrate specificities, inhibition and induction characteristics, and drug metabolism as their human counterparts. In addition, cjESCs and cjESC-HLCs are advantageous for investigations on emerging research areas, including blastocyst complementation to generate entire livers, and bioengineering of discarded livers to regenerate whole livers for transplantation.
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49
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Shiozawa S, Nakajima M, Okahara J, Kuortaki Y, Kisa F, Yoshimatsu S, Nakamura M, Koya I, Yoshimura M, Sasagawa Y, Nikaido I, Sasaki E, Okano H. Primed to Naive-Like Conversion of the Common Marmoset Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:761-773. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shiozawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayutaka Nakajima
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Okahara
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoko Kuortaki
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kisa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Discovery Research Laboratories I, Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mishima, Japan
| | - Sho Yoshimatsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Koya
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Yoshimura
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Japan
| | - Yohei Sasagawa
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Japan
| | - Itoshi Nikaido
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Japan
- Bioinformatics Course, Master's/Doctoral Program in Life Science Innovation (T-LSI), School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Wako, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
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50
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Góis Morais PLA, Lima RRM, Ríos‐Flórez JA, Melo TFV, Clascá F, Souza Cavalcante J, Guzen FP, Cavalcanti JRLP, Nascimento Junior ES. Cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture of the entorhinal cortex of the common marmoset monkey (
Callithrix jacchus
). J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:1307-1320. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo L. A. Góis Morais
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte Mossoro Brazil
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