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Gill J, Jones A, Price K, Goodison E, Tyson P. A mixed-method systematic review of the perspectives of young people, carers and professionals on psychiatric diagnosis in childhood and adolescence. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2024; 37:e12459. [PMID: 38522014 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PROBLEM The significance and complexities of a psychiatric diagnosis have been well-documented in existing literature. Despite the reliability and accuracy of such diagnoses, the impact and use of diagnostic labelling on young people remains unclear. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using six databases, identifying 13 studies that explored psychiatric diagnosis experiences in professionals, caregivers, and young people. FINDINGS This review focuses on three main themes related to psychiatric diagnosis in young people. The first theme is diagnostic subjectivity, which explores the accuracy, usefulness, potential harm and alternatives (e.g. psychological formulation) to psychiatric diagnosis in this population. The second theme is the utility of psychiatric diagnosis, which considers whether it helps young people access appropriate support and gain a better understanding of themselves and their presenting issues. The third theme is stigma, which examines the negative experiences and discrimination that young people may face due to their psychiatric diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS There is relatively limited literature which discusses the experience of psychiatric diagnosis in young people, caregivers and professionals. The available literature is difficult to compare due to discrepancies between methodologies and services, and there are several gaps i.e. a limited focus on the experience of young people themselves. Different views and experiences of psychiatric diagnosis among professionals, caregivers, and young people could impact young people's quality of life, access to healthcare, and identity development. The current literature needs to be more comprehensive to draw firm conclusions about young people's experiences with psychiatric diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Gill
- School of Psychology and Therapeutic Studies, University of South Wales, Treforest Campus, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis Jones
- School of Psychology and Therapeutic Studies, University of South Wales, Treforest Campus, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Klara Price
- School of Psychology and Therapeutic Studies, University of South Wales, Treforest Campus, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Egan Goodison
- School of Psychology and Therapeutic Studies, University of South Wales, Treforest Campus, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Tyson
- School of Psychology and Therapeutic Studies, University of South Wales, Treforest Campus, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom
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Ahuvia IL, Schleider JL, Kneeland ET, Moser JS, Schroder HS. Depression self-labeling in U.S. college students: Associations with perceived control and coping strategies. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:202-210. [PMID: 38286232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on mental illness labeling has demonstrated that self-labeling (identifying with a mental illness label, e.g., "I have depression") is associated with internalized stigma, maladaptive responses to that stigma, and lower quality of life. However, research has not yet examined the link between self-labeling and how individuals cope with emotional distress. It is important to understand this relationship because adaptive and maladaptive methods of coping can lead to positive and negative mental illness outcomes. METHODS This cross-sectional study examined the link between depression self-labeling, depression symptoms, and three constructs related to depression self-management (perceived control over depression, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and help-seeking beliefs) in a large (N = 1423) sample of U.S. college students. RESULTS Approximately one-fifth of students (22.2 %) self-labeled as having depression, while 39.0 % were estimated to meet diagnostic criteria for MDD. After controlling for depression symptom severity, self-labeling was associated with lower levels of perceived control over depression (p = .002), more catastrophizing (p = .013), less perspective taking, refocusing, reappraisal, and planning (ps < 0.05), and more positive help-seeking attitudes towards medication (p < .001) but not therapy. LIMITATIONS Results are non-causal and may not generalize to non-college populations. CONCLUSIONS Self-labeling may inform how individuals cope with emotional distress, with the potential for positive and negative effects on clinical outcomes. This is consistent with well-established research on self-labeling with regards to stigma, but extends this research in important new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica L Schleider
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States of America
| | | | | | - Hans S Schroder
- University of Michigan Medical School, United States of America
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3
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Bootes KR, Himle MB, Stiede JT, Wellen BCM, Mouton-Odum S, Woods DW. Predictors of Impairment and Self-Concept in Children and Adolescents with Persistent Tic Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01696-0. [PMID: 38619754 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study examined predictors of, and associations between, self-concept, demographic variables, and clinical measures in fifty-eight children and adolescents with Persistent Tic Disorder (PTD; 44 males, Mage = 11.9 years, SD = 2.74). Participants completed measures that assessed self-concept, tic severity, tic-related impairment, and comorbid psychological symptoms. Results showed that generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, total tic severity, number and complexity of tics, and total and social tic-related impairment were associated with self-concept. Tic-related social impairment mediated the relationship between tic severity and self-concept. Exploratory analyses found that total tic severity, motor tic severity, and vocal tic severity, as well as the number, intensity, and interference of tics predicted social tic-related impairment. Results suggest that treatments to reduce the number and complexity of tics, with additional focus on navigating social interactions, may serve to decrease tic severity and impairment, and in turn, improve self-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten R Bootes
- Department of Psychology, the University of Utah, 380 S. 1530 E. Room 1316, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Michael B Himle
- Department of Psychology, the University of Utah, 380 S. 1530 E. Room 1316, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jordan T Stiede
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brianna C M Wellen
- Department of Psychology, the University of Utah, 380 S. 1530 E. Room 1316, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | | | - Douglas W Woods
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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4
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Eweida R, Ibrahim N. Using Delphi method to address factors contributing to aggressive behaviour in mental health settings. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38532533 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE SUBJECT?: Nurses' perspectives and consensus on the possible key factors contributing to aggression at inpatient units can be summarized into patients' related factors, staff related factors and environment related factors. Results of the possible factors contributing to aggression at inpatient units reflect the complicated nature of this problem. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE: Perspectives of nurses as frontline mental health professionals on factors contributing to aggression as one of the psychiatric emergencies were considered through an iterative process. This approach gave nurses an opportunity to revisit their own views in each round to provide an in-depth reflection in the light of the contribution of others. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR MENTAL HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE?: Nursing curricula should focus on nurses' communication skills and emotion regulation training. An open dialogue between nurses and people with mental health issues should be initiated to discuss the possible key factors contributing to aggressive behaviour at inpatient units from both standpoints. Mental health nurses' turnover at inpatient settings could be targeted through the design and implementation of aggression prevention protocols ABSTRACT: Introduction Aggression at inpatient units is a universal problem leading to hazardous outcomes. Aim To generate group consensus about factors contributing to aggressive behaviour among patients with mental health issues at inpatient units. Methods Nurses working at inpatient psychiatric departments were approached, and purposive sampling was employed to implement Delphi technique. A total of three Delphi rounds were conducted online. The average percent of majority opinions method was followed to measure consensus in which questions with a cut-off rate below 69.7% were included in the next round. Results Twenty-one nurse experts with different skills participated in this study. Consensus increased among nurse experts across rounds for the following items: Patients' misinterpretation of the attitude of the healthcare providers, severity of mental health issues, attitude and communication style of the healthcare providers, nurses limited emotional regulation capacity and the inadequate staff-patient ratio in psychiatric wards. Discussion The complicated nature of aggressive behaviour displayed by people with mental health issues is reflected on the results of the current study; patients' related factors, staff related factors and environment related factors constitute interacting facets for this issue. Implications for Mental Health Nurses Nurse scientists could use insights derived from this study to design studies aiming at assessment and management of aggression at inpatient units guided by implementation science frameworks. Additionally, open dialogues between nurses and people with mental health issues could be initiated about factors contributing to aggression at inpatient units. Mental health nursing training should focus on nurses' communication and emotion regulation skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Eweida
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Specialty, Nursing Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | - Nashwa Ibrahim
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Egypt
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5
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Rojas-Navarro S, Alarcón-Arcos S, Tabilo-Prieto I. Spectralities of ADHD: hauntological diagnosis amidst agency, politics and pedagogies. HEALTH SOCIOLOGY REVIEW : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEALTH SECTION OF THE AUSTRALIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2024; 33:89-103. [PMID: 38373414 DOI: 10.1080/14461242.2024.2316736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Hauntology has become an increasingly alluring concept in social sciences to reflect upon everyday life and how subjects dwell upon scenarios pervaded not only by the potency of the actual but also the haunting of the past and the virtual. Drawing on the concept of 'hauntology', we inquire about recurring temporalities and spectrality themes concerning the 'controversial' diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Chile. Using participant observation and in-depth interviews with health practitioners, teachers, school staff, diagnosed children, and their peers from 3-year-long research, we examine how the performance of the diagnosis by clinicians at times can produce a modification of the temporality of the diagnosed children from that moment forth. Amidst tension created by educational policies, ideas of well-being, pedagogical practices, and everyday living, the diagnosis keeps repeating its agentic capacity while resisting its decay, becoming ever-present and actual. Once cast, the diagnosis acts as a repeating force that can shape every experience, cancelling the possibility for the child to become different by unfolding out of the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Rojas-Navarro
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Care Research (MICARE), Santiago, Chile
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6
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Motala Z, Price O. 'Commanded to be ill, accused of being well' a lived-experience-led, qualitative investigation of service user perspectives on the impact of emotionally unstable personality disorder diagnosis on self-concept. J Ment Health 2024; 33:22-30. [PMID: 36096731 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2118685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) is a mental disorder impairing health and functioning and increasing suicide risk and it is a stigmatised condition among healthcare professionals. EUPD diagnosis may significantly affect self-concept, yet no previous investigation has explicitly examined this. AIMS To explore service user perspectives on (a) the impact of EUPD diagnosis on self-concept and (b) mediators of positive and negative impacts. METHODS Service user-led, qualitative semi-structured interviews with n = 10 participants with EUPD. RESULTS Perceived impacts of diagnosis on self-concept were, broadly, negative. Factors mediating between positive and negative impacts included: exposure to online stigma and public understanding, the responses of relatives, friends, intimate partners and trusted communities, and the attitudes and behaviours of healthcare staff. There were indications that recent guideline and practice developments (guidelines recommending alternatives to inpatient admissions for people with EUPD and "recovery-focused" approaches to self-harm) may have worsened inpatient staff attitudes and led to more rejecting service user experiences. CONCLUSION Mitigating negative impacts of EUPD diagnosis on self-concept may require addressing hateful, online content related to EUPD; revisiting use of the personality disorder label; improving medical communication around diagnosis and improving practice and policy in the management of EUPD in inpatient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Motala
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Owen Price
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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7
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Harari L, Oselin SS, Link BG. The Power of Self-Labels: Examining Self-Esteem Consequences for Youth with Mental Health Problems. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:578-592. [PMID: 37269096 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231175936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
New evidence on a classic sociological debate allows for a test of the consequences of self-labeling with mental illness. While a medicalized "insight" perspective emphasizes the importance of self-labeling for psychological well-being and recovery, a sociologically informed "outsight" perspective draws from modified labeling, self-labeling, and stigma resistance theories to suggest that self-labeling can generate negative consequences for self-esteem. We engage this debate by examining the effects of mental illness self-labels on a crucial component of psychological well-being for persons with mental health problems-self-esteem-by using longitudinal data that followed 427 sixth-grade youth over two years. Our findings support an outsight perspective whereby adopting a self-label led to decreased self-esteem, while those who dropped a self-label experienced increased self-esteem. This conclusion calls for revisions to prevailing public mental health models that overlook how self-labels can impede rather than enhance psychological well-being and recovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexi Harari
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Bruce G Link
- University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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8
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Ma J, Khan AR, Zhang HJ, Jun Z, Abonazel MR, Ahmad MS, Tageldin EM, Alzahran ARR. Exploring the potential impact of group identity on post-traumatic growth in the aftermath of Corona outbreak: function of social-emotional competence as a mediator. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1282462. [PMID: 37900048 PMCID: PMC10602683 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1282462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This research endeavors to examine the potential effects of human and societal interactions on individuals' post-traumatic growth in the aftermath of the Corona outbreak. To achieve the aforementioned objective, the current research investigates the correlations between post-traumatic growth and group identity, while also examining the potential mediating function of social-emotional competence. Methods A cross-sectional design included a representative sample of 2,637 high school students located in the capital territory of Pakistan using convenience sampling method. To explore the associations, correlation and mediation analyzes utilizing the group identification scale, the social-emotional competence scale, and the post-traumatic growth scale was performed with SPSS PROCESS 4 macro and AMOS. Results The findings demonstrated that group identification emerged as a substantial predictor substantially associated with post-traumatic growth. Moreover, the relationship linking group identification and post-traumatic growth was found to be partially moderated by social-emotional competence. Conclusion The phenomenon of group identification can exert influence on post-traumatic growth through both direct and mediating pathways, with the latter being essentially mediated by social-emotional competence. The aforementioned outcomes possess significant academic and practical implications concerning the promotion of post-traumatic growth and the improvement of psychological well-being after the Corona outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfu Ma
- Pakistan Studies Center, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ahsan Riaz Khan
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic and Development Zone, Dezhou, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic and Development Zone, Dezhou, China
| | - Zhang Jun
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohamed R. Abonazel
- Department of Applied Statistics and Econometrics, Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical Research, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Elsayed M. Tageldin
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Rashash R. Alzahran
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Zhou X, Chen Y, Zhu L, An Z, Zhang J, Ge J. The Association Between Group Identity and Post-Traumatic Growth in the Post COVID-19 Era: The Mediating Effect of Social-Emotional Competence. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2869-2882. [PMID: 37534300 PMCID: PMC10390763 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s419484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the impact of human-society relationships on individual post-traumatic growth (PTG) in the post COVID-19 era, this study examined the association between group identity (GI) and PTG, and explored the mediating role of social-emotional competence (SEC). Patients and Methods In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 1203 high school students in an eastern region of China using the GI Scale, the SEC Scale, and the PTG Scale. We conducted correlation and mediation analyses using SPSS 23.0 and PROCESS software. Results The results indicated that GI was a significant positive predictor of PTG (β=0.219, p<0.001), and that the pathway between GI and PTG was partially mediated by SEC (Effect=0.074, 95% CI= [0.045,0.104]). Conclusion GI can have both direct and indirect effects on PTG, with the latter mediated by SEC. These findings hold important theoretical and practical implications for promoting PTG and enhancing mental health in the post COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lidong Zhu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenni An
- College of Education and Human Development, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Ge
- College of Education and Human Development, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Coey P, Nic Craith I, McQuaid L, D'Alton P, O'Connor C. Does explaining psychogenic nonepileptic seizures using either a biomedical or biopsychosocial framework affect young people's illness representations? An experimental vignette study. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 142:109186. [PMID: 37028150 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Lay representations of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are important both for understanding public stigma and anticipating patient responses to PNES diagnosis. The current study presents the first evidence of the general public's representations of PNES and the malleability of these understandings to different ways of explaining PNES. An online experimental study exposed participants (n = 193, aged 18-25 years) to a vignette describing a case of PNES in biomedical terms, PNES in biopsychosocial terms, or epilepsy. Subsequent questionnaires assessed participants' illness representations, causal attributions, and stigmatising attitudes regarding the case about which they read. Results suggest that compared with biomedical framings, biopsychosocial explanations increased perceptions of PNES as threatening. While epilepsy was attributed to significantly more biological and less social causes than either of the PNES vignettes, causal attributions did not differ between biomedically- vs. biopsychosocially-framed PNES. Neither were there any differences between the three conditions in stigmatising attitudes towards people who experience seizures. These findings are useful for clinicians delivering a PNES diagnosis and patients disclosing a PNES diagnosis, in helping anticipate responses to these communications. Further research is required to confirm the clinical and societal significance of the study's first insights into the dynamics of lay responses to PNES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Coey
- Paediatric Psychology Department, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland; School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Léa McQuaid
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Paul D'Alton
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; Psychology Department, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
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11
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Goscicki BL, Goldman SE, Burke MM, Hodapp RM. Applicants to a Special Education Advocacy Training Program: "Insiders" in the Disability Advocacy World. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 61:110-123. [PMID: 36996281 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-61.2.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although social groups have "insiders," this construct has not been measured within the disability advocacy community. Examining 405 individuals who applied for an advocacy training program, this study examined the nature of insiderness within the disability advocacy community and ties to individual roles. Participants showed differences in mean ratings across 10 insider items. A principal components analysis revealed two distinct factors: Organizational Involvement and Social Connectedness. Non-school providers scored highest on Organizational Involvement; family members/self-advocates highest on Social Connectedness. Themes from open-ended responses supported the factors and showed differences in motivation and information sources across insiderness levels and roles. Qualitative analysis revealed two additional aspects of insiderness not addressed in the scale. Implications are discussed for future practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meghan M Burke
- Meghan M. Burke, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
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12
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Morgan R. How do adolescent autistic girls construct self-concept and social identity? A discourse analysis. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/02667363.2023.2181316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Morgan
- Powys County Council – Schools Service Llandrindod-Wells, UK
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13
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Jahnke S, Blagden N, Hill L. Pedophile, Child Lover, or Minor-Attracted Person? Attitudes Toward Labels Among People Who are Sexually Attracted to Children. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:4125-4139. [PMID: 36175817 PMCID: PMC9663395 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The primary label for people who are sexually attracted to children ("pedophile") is conflated with sexual offending behavior and tainted with stigma. In the present pre-registered mixed-method study, we therefore investigated attitudes and preferences regarding "pedophile/hebephile" and other labels among 286 people who report a stronger or equally strong sexual attraction to prepubescent and pubescent children than to adults. Overall, quantitative data showed acceptance of "pedophile/hebephile" as well as a range of alternative labels in a personal (Labeling Oneself) and a professional context (Being Labeled by Others). "Minor-attracted person" and "pedophile/hebephile" received generally higher support than other terms and appeared to be least divisive across three major online fora. Qualitative data revealed four themes: "Contested self-labels," "Person-first language and pathologizing sexuality/identity," "Stigma and shame," and "Reclaiming the pedophile label." Our results allow deeper insight into reasons for adopting certain labels over others, as well as difficulties of finding a non-stigmatizing label. We discuss limitations of the study and practical implications for clinical and research contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jahnke
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Postboks 7807, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Nicholas Blagden
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Laura Hill
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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14
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Viduani A, Benetti S, Petresco S, Piccin J, Velazquez B, Fisher HL, Mondelli V, Kohrt BA, Kieling C. The experience of receiving a diagnosis of depression in adolescence: A pilot qualitative study in Brazil. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 27:598-612. [PMID: 35156863 PMCID: PMC7612913 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211063494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Receiving a diagnosis of depression can have an important impact on the lives of adolescents. However, there is limited information about how youth tackle, attribute meaning to and understand mental health diagnoses. The aim of this study was to explore adolescents' initial reactions after receiving a clinical diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder in the context of a neurobiological study of depression in Brazil. Using a qualitative design, eight Brazilian adolescents were interviewed twice: immediately after a psychiatric assessment and neuroimaging study, in which they were given a diagnosis of depression, and in a follow-up visit 2 weeks later. Interviews were designed to explore the subjective experience of receiving the diagnosis and the impacts of depression on adolescents' lives. Framework Analysis was used to analyze the accounts. Diagnosis was perceived as a reification of an abnormal status, highlighting the role of stigma and the process of disclosing the diagnosis to others. Adolescents reported the multiple sensemaking processes that occurred when they received a diagnosis of depression, and most struggled with the idea that negative emotions would equate their experience with a disorder. The results show that future efforts could enhance clinical assessment processes with adolescents by exploring adolescents' reactions to diagnosis, as well as the support networks available to them, resulting in increased help-seeking behaviors, and diminished social and personal stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Viduani
- Department of Psychiatry, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Silvia Benetti
- Department of Psychiatry, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sandra Petresco
- Department of Psychiatry, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jader Piccin
- Department of Psychiatry, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Velazquez
- Department of Psychiatry, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helen L Fisher
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, 4616King's College London, UK.,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, 4616King's College London, UK
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, 34426King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, UK
| | - Brandon A Kohrt
- Division of Global Mental Health, George Washington University, DC, USA
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
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15
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Elvins R, Kaess M. Editorial: Should child and adolescent mental health professionals be diagnosing personality disorder in adolescence? Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 27:101-102. [PMID: 35436036 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosing personality disorders in adolescence remains a contentious issue, particularly in the United Kingdom (UK). In this debate section we hear from clinicians, service users and family members on this topic; strongly held views are expressed and evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Elvins
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Brooks H, Windfuhr K, Irmansyah, Prawira B, Desyadi Putriningtyas DA, Lovell K, Bangun SR, Syarif AK, Manik CG, Savitri Tanjun I, Salim S, Renwick L, Pedley R, Bee P. Children and young people's beliefs about mental health and illness in Indonesia: A qualitative study informed by the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263232. [PMID: 35120145 PMCID: PMC8815881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental illness is a leading cause of disease burden amongst children and young people (CYP). This is exacerbated in low- and middle-income (LMIC) countries which often have embryonic care structures. Understanding and targeting illness beliefs is a potentially efficacious way of optimising the development of health prevention interventions. These beliefs remain relatively underexplored in CYP in LMIC contexts. Aim: To develop an in-depth understanding of CYPs beliefs about mental health and illness in Indonesia. METHODS AND FINDINGS Semi-structured interviews (n = 43) combined with photo elicitation methodology were undertaken with CYP aged 11-15 from Java, Indonesia. Our sample comprised those living with (n = 19) and without (n = 24) high prevalence mental health conditions, specifically anxiety or depression. Data were analysed using framework analysis, informed by the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation of Health and Illness. Positive mental health and illness were dichotomised in accounts with mental health typically characterised as an absence of mental disturbance. This contributed to attributions of abnormality and the marginalisation of those with mental illness. Mental illness was conceptualised as a single entity, commonly arising from individual failings. This prompted feelings of self-stigma in those with lived experience of mental illness. Analysis identified marked differences in the perceived time dimensions of positive mental health and illness with mental illness conceived as less transient than episodes of positive mental health. Illness beliefs appeared relatively consistent across the two groups of CYP although some nuanced differences were identified. CYP with anxiety and depression were less likely to believe that mental illness could be diagnosed visually, more likely to uphold multiple causal factors and endorse the potential efficacy of professional input. CONCLUSIONS Public health interventions to increase understanding may be necessary to develop healthcare systems to reduce treatment barriers, optimise return on investment and enhance population health effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Brooks
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Windfuhr
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Irmansyah
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Benny Prawira
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia.,Into the Light, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia
| | | | - Karina Lovell
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Armaji Kamaludi Syarif
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Christa Gumanti Manik
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia
| | | | - Soraya Salim
- Pulih@the Peak-Women, Youth and Family Empowerment Centre, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Laoise Renwick
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Pedley
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Bee
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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17
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Hogg LI, Smith LGE, Morrison AP, Prosser AMB, Kurz T. The nuances of “the social cure” for people who experience psychosis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna I. Hogg
- Department of Psychology University of Bath
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust
- Harris Manchester College University of Oxford
| | | | | | | | - Tim Kurz
- Department of Psychology University of Bath
- School of Psychological Science University of Western Australia
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18
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Sims R, Michaleff ZA, Glasziou P, Thomas R. Consequences of a Diagnostic Label: A Systematic Scoping Review and Thematic Framework. Front Public Health 2022; 9:725877. [PMID: 35004561 PMCID: PMC8727520 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.725877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To develop a thematic framework for the range of consequences arising from a diagnostic label from an individual, family/caregiver, healthcare professional, and community perspective. Design: Systematic scoping review of qualitative studies. Search Strategy: We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and CINAHL for primary studies and syntheses of primary studies that explore the consequences of labelling non-cancer diagnoses. Reference lists of included studies were screened, and forward citation searches undertaken. Study Selection: We included peer reviewed publications describing the perceived consequences for individuals labelled with a non-cancer diagnostic label from four perspectives: that of the individual, their family/caregiver, healthcare professional and/or community members. We excluded studies using hypothetical scenarios. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Data extraction used a three-staged process: one third was used to develop a preliminary framework, the next third for framework validation, and the final third coded if thematic saturation was not achieved. Author themes and supporting quotes were extracted, and analysed from the perspective of individual, family/caregiver, healthcare professional, or community member. Results: After deduplication, searches identified 7,379 unique articles. Following screening, 146 articles, consisting of 128 primary studies and 18 reviews, were included. The developed framework consisted of five overarching themes relevant to the four perspectives: psychosocial impact (e.g., positive/negative psychological impact, social- and self-identity, stigma), support (e.g., increased, decreased, relationship changes, professional interactions), future planning (e.g., action and uncertainty), behaviour (e.g., beneficial or detrimental modifications), and treatment expectations (e.g., positive/negative experiences). Perspectives of individuals were most frequently reported. Conclusions: This review developed and validated a framework of five domains of consequences following diagnostic labelling. Further research is required to test the external validity and acceptability of the framework for individuals and their family/caregiver, healthcare professionals, and community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sims
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare (IEBH), Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Zoe A Michaleff
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare (IEBH), Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Glasziou
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare (IEBH), Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Rae Thomas
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare (IEBH), Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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19
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O'Connor C, Seery C, Young C. How Does It Feel to Have One's Psychiatric Diagnosis Altered? Exploring Lived Experiences of Diagnostic Shifts in Adult Mental Healthcare. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:820162. [PMID: 35222120 PMCID: PMC8873081 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.820162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though the socio-emotional significance of psychiatric diagnoses and the frequency of transitions between diagnostic classifications are widely acknowledged, minimal research reveals how "diagnostic shifts" are subjectively experienced by psychiatric service-users. AIM This study investigated how adult service-users make sense of diagnostic shifts and their impacts on one's life. METHODS Twenty-seven people with self-reported experiences of diagnostic shifts opted into this qualitative study. Virtual narrative interviews invited participants to share their "diagnosis stories." Interview transcripts were analyzed using narrative thematic analysis to identify common and divergent experiences across participants. RESULTS Diverse experiences of diagnostic shifts were related: diagnostic shifts could both promote and undermine clinical trust, therapeutic engagement and self-understanding. The analysis suggested that shared and divergent experiences could be attributed to two dimensions of narratives: participants' Interpretations of Diagnostic Shifts and Diagnosis-Specific Factors. Regarding the former, analysis produced a typology of three possible interpretations of diagnostic shifts, which were linked with consistently different antecedents, experiences and consequences. The latter dimension captured how experiences of diagnostic shifts also hinged on the unique meanings ascribed to the specific diagnoses gained and lost, particularly in relation to their perceived severity, stigma, personal associations, and related communities. CONCLUSIONS Findings revealed how diagnostic shifts can be experienced as both traumatic and life-enhancing, depending on their social and subjective context. Understanding the range and predictors of variable experiences of diagnostic shifts is vital for sensitive clinical practice and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Seery
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Young
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Batstra L, van Roy AM, Thoutenhoofd ED. Teachers With Special Needs. De-Psychiatrization of Children in Schools. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2021; 6:781057. [PMID: 35224087 PMCID: PMC8867226 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.781057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatrization not only affects adults. Ever more children in Western countries are being diagnosed with a mental disorder of behavior, such as ADHD. Children may often be labelled with the best intentions, for example in order to be able to provide them with suitable care and guidance. However, this labelling can have exclusionary effects and often entails the consequence that important discussion about contextual factors that give rise to (the perception of) unwelcome behavior or academic underperformance rarely, if at all, takes place. In this article we contend that although children are of central concern to schools and the design of pupils' education, it is important not to make pupils the sole owner of problems that arise. It is therefore high time that a far more critical normative stance towards inclusive education is taken, in which the presently widespread biomedical approach is met with a school community response that focuses not on the nature of individual disorders but on the special need for additional capacity that schools and teachers have in meeting (perceived) deviant behaviors and emotions and/or academic underperformance. We argue that teaching should not set out to remedy individual diagnoses, but that teachers should be supported to extend their professional competence to the benefit of all pupils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Batstra
- Department of Child and Family Welfare, The University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - A.C. Marieke van Roy
- Department of Child and Family Welfare, The University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ernst D. Thoutenhoofd
- Department of Education and Special Education, The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Seery C, Bramham J, O’Connor C. Effects of a psychiatric diagnosis vs a clinical formulation on lay attitudes to people with psychosis. PSYCHOSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1901302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Seery
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessica Bramham
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Zurita-Ortega F, Lindell-Postigo D, González-Valero G, Puertas-Molero P, Ortiz-Franco M, Muros JJ. Analysis of the psychometric properties of the five-factor self-concept questionnaire (AF-5) in Spanish students during the COVID-19 lockdown. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:1-10. [PMID: 34092986 PMCID: PMC8165503 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The present research aims to analyse the psychometric properties of the AF5 questionnaire for its adaptation for use with young people during a lockdown period. Research was conducted with a sample of 534 students aged between 13 and 17 years (M = 14.49; SD = 1.805). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted using the FACTOR program and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using the M-PLUS 7 program. Results indicate that a four-dimensional model is most appropriate for bringing together the emotional and physical dimensions. Further, 11 items were removed due to poor factor loadings. The majority of factors were directly and positively correlated (99%; p < .01). The data obtained supports conclusions that the AF-5 meets validity and reliability requirements for it to be considered a useful instrument for use with young people during the COVID-19 lockdown period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - David Lindell-Postigo
- Teacher of Novaschool Sunland International, Carretera de Cártama Estación a Pizarra, s/n 29580, Estación de Cártama, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gabriel González-Valero
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Puertas-Molero
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Ortiz-Franco
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - José Joaquín Muros
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
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23
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O'Connor C, Brassil M, O'Sullivan S, Seery C, Nearchou F. How does diagnostic labelling affect social responses to people with mental illness? A systematic review of experimental studies using vignette-based designs. J Ment Health 2021; 31:115-130. [PMID: 34008456 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1922653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An outstanding question in the stigma literature is the extent to which negative responses are provoked by diagnostic labels, rather than observable symptoms of mental illness. Experimental studies frequently use vignettes to identify the unique effects of diagnostic labels on social responses to people with mental illness, independent of their behaviour or socio-demographic characteristics. AIMS The current article identifies, evaluates, and synthesises the body of experimental vignette studies of labelling effects. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies were subjected to quality evaluation and narrative synthesis. RESULTS Of 1511 articles screened, 22 met inclusion criteria. Most studies focused on the diagnostic categories of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and autism spectrum disorder. The literature reported diverse effects, with diagnostic disclosure either exacerbating, mitigating, or not affecting stigma. The quality of studies was generally acceptable but the review identified an over-reliance on convenience sampling and unvalidated measures. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the complexity of labelling effects, which diverge across diagnostic categories and social contexts. The review emphasises the need for expansion of diagnostic labels and contexts studied, standardisation of validated attitude scales, incorporation of behavioural outcomes, and diversification of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryanne Brassil
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sadhbh O'Sullivan
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christina Seery
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Finiki Nearchou
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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24
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O'Connor C. Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Lay Beliefs about the Cause and Course of Mental Illness? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4912. [PMID: 34063004 PMCID: PMC8124589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 and its countermeasures have negatively impacted the mental health of populations worldwide. The current paper considers whether the rising incidence of psychiatric symptoms during the pandemic may affect lay beliefs about the cause and course of mental illness. Laypeople's causal attributions and expectations regarding the trajectory of mental illness have important implications for societal stigma and therapeutic orientations. Two online experimental studies investigated whether reading about fictional cases of mental illness that were explicitly situated during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with reading about the same cases without any pandemic-related contextualisation, affected attributions and expectations about Generalised Anxiety Disorder (Study 1) and Major Depressive Disorder (Study 2). Study 1 (n = 137) results showed that highlighting the onset of anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic weakened attributions to biological causes and reduced the anticipated duration of symptoms. However, Study 2 (n = 129) revealed no effects of COVID-19 contextualisation on beliefs about the cause or course of depression. The research provides preliminary evidence that the increased incidence of mental illness during the pandemic may reshape public beliefs about certain mental illnesses. Given the importance of public understandings for the lived experience of mentally unwell persons in society, further evidence of the range and extent of the pandemic's effects on lay beliefs is important to inform clinical, public health and stigma-reduction initiatives.
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25
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Snowling MJ, Hulme C. Annual Research Review: Reading disorders revisited - the critical importance of oral language. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:635-653. [PMID: 32956509 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses research on reading disorders during the period since their classification within the overarching category of neurodevelopmental disorders (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 2012, 593). Following a review of the predictors of learning to read across languages, and the role of language skills as critical foundations for literacy, profiles of reading disorders are discussed and putative causal risk factors at the cognitive, biological, and environmental levels of explanation considered. Reading disorders are highly heritable and highly comorbid with disorders of language, attention, and other learning disorders, notably mathematics disorders. The home literacy environment, reflecting gene-environment correlation, is one of several factors that promote reading development and highlight an important target for intervention. The multiple deficit view of dyslexia (Cognition, 101, 2006, 385) suggests that risks accumulate to a diagnostic threshold although categorical diagnoses tend to be unstable. Implications for assessment and intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Snowling
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,St John's College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Hulme
- Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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26
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O'Connor C, Vaughan S. Does selectively endorsing different approaches to treating mental illness affect lay beliefs about the cause and course of mental illness? Psychiatry Res 2021; 297:113726. [PMID: 33486271 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The current paper reports three experimental studies that investigate how selectively emphasising different treatment approaches (biological, psychological or social) for mental health difficulties affects lay beliefs about those illnesses. Online experimental vignettes exposed participants to different treatment narratives for a clinical case of Major Depressive Disorder (Study 1; n=164), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Study 2; n=173) and Schizophrenia (Study 3, n=170). Measures of causal attributions and illness perceptions assessed effects on beliefs about the causes and course of the illness. Emphasising psychological treatment of Major Depressive Disorder promoted more causal attributions to personal weakness, while endorsing biological treatment weakened confidence in individual control over the course of the illness. For Generalized Anxiety Disorder, stressing social treatment encouraged more causal attributions to personal weakness and lifestyle factors. Causal attributions for Schizophrenia did not shift according to treatment modality, but highlighting biological treatment made the symptoms appear more treatable, while emphasising psychological treatment made the illness seem more personally controllable. As lay understandings of the causes and course of mental illness have implications for help-seeking, treatment engagement and stigma, effects on illness beliefs may be an important consideration when endorsing a particular treatment approach in public discourse or clinical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Bradley B. From biosociality to biosolidarity: the looping effects of finding and forming social networks for body-focused repetitive behaviours. Anthropol Med 2021; 28:543-557. [PMID: 33615913 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2020.1864807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Anthropological accounts of biosociality reveal the importance of the social relations formed through shared biomedical conditions. In the context of body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRBs), like compulsive hair pulling (trichotillomania) and skin picking (dermatillomania), biosociality moves people from isolation towards community. After diagnosis, the powerful moment of discovering 'you are not alone' can lead to immense personal transformations, demonstrating the 'looping effects' of diagnosis and biosociality. Yet, biosocial groups do not simply exist, and must first be formed and found and their sustainability requires ongoing work and care from biosocial actors themselves. Biosociality also means different things to different people, often requiring a negotiation between secrecy and disclosure. This article acknowledges the role of stigma in biosociality, differentiating between private and public biosocial experiences. It argues that through biosociality come acts of biosolidarity, where advocacy can improve the visibility and recognition of illness groups. The circular looping effects of biosociality and biosolidarity demonstrate the way that community activism and biosociality reproduce one another. Through reflections from the anthropologist, biosolidarity is considered as a methodological tool that can help scholars to navigate the boundaries between relatedness, sociality and advocacy in the field and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Bradley
- Social Anthropology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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28
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“My ADHD Hellbrain”: A Twitter Data Science Perspective on a Behavioural Disorder. JOURNAL OF DATA AND INFORMATION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/jdis-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioural condition. This article introduces a new data science method, word association thematic analysis, to investigate whether ADHD tweets can give insights into patient concerns and online communication needs.
Design/methodology/approach
Tweets matching “my ADHD” (n=58,893) and 99 other conditions (n=1,341,442) were gathered and two thematic analyses conducted. Analysis 1: A standard thematic analysis of ADHD-related tweets. Analysis 2: A word association thematic analysis of themes unique to ADHD.
Findings
The themes that emerged from the two analyses included people ascribing their brains agency to explain and justify their symptoms and using the concept of neurodivergence for a positive self-image.
Research limitations
This is a single case study and the results may differ for other topics.
Practical implications
Health professionals should be sensitive to patients’ needs to understand their behaviour, find ways to justify and explain it to others and to be positive about their condition.
Originality/value
Word association thematic analysis can give new insights into the (self-reported) patient perspective.
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29
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Fowler K, O’Connor C. ‘I just rolled up my sleeves’: Mothers’ perspectives on raising girls on the autism spectrum. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020; 25:275-287. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361320956876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Little previous research has elucidated the everyday experiences of autistic girls or their families. This study used qualitative in-depth interviews to explore mothers’ experiences of the diagnosis, presentation and impact of caring for a daughter with autism. Nineteen women with autistic daughters (aged between 7 and 18) participated in the research, which took place in Ireland. Thematic analysis identified six themes: What’s Going On?; Road to Acceptance; Beyond the Stigma of Autism; Autism: Like a Girl; Mothers Holding It All Together; and Mothers Roll Up Their Sleeves. The analysis suggests that the path of autism in girls in Ireland is marked by diagnostic delays, social stigma, interpersonal difficulties, mental health comorbidities and parental stress. However, these challenges were offset by the resilience of mothers, buttressed by pride in their daughters and support from other women. Results will inform the development of policy and practice that is sensitive to the lived realities of autistic girls and their families. Lay abstract Autism in boys has been well researched but very little is known about the everyday experiences of autistic girls or their families. Mothers’ views and insights can be very helpful in increasing knowledge around the unique demands of raising a daughter with autism. This study conducted interviews with Irish mothers to examine their own experiences regarding (a) getting an autism diagnosis for their daughter, (b) their daughters’ personal characteristics and (c) the impact of caring for a daughter with autism. The study suggests that the route to an autism diagnosis for girls in Ireland is made more difficult by delays and missed diagnoses, and often followed by inadequate supports. Mothers described autistic girls as presenting with social challenges and mental health difficulties. Many mothers experienced judgement from other parents and family members, acute stress and mental health struggles. However, these challenges were offset by mothers’ resilience, pride in their daughters and support from other women. The findings of this study highlight the importance of specific support for autistic girls and their families.
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30
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Lived Experiences of Diagnostic Shifts in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Contexts: a Qualitative Interview Study with Young People and Parents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:979-993. [PMID: 32447487 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric diagnoses are important resources in helping young people and families make sense of emotional or behavioural difficulties. However, the poor reliability of diagnoses in childhood means many young service-users experience their diagnosis being removed, revised or supplemented over time. No previous research has investigated how young service-users experience, understand or respond to alteration of their original diagnosis. The current study adopted a qualitative approach to explore the lived experience of diagnostic shifts in youth mental health contexts. Narrative interviews were conducted with families living in Ireland, who had direct experience of diagnostic shifts. Participants included 21 parents (19 female) and 14 young people (8 female, mean age = 14). Thematic analysis explored the range of interpretations and implications of diagnostic shifts in families' lives, identifying three themes that underpinned participants' narratives. Diverse Trajectories & Experiences outlined the variety of contexts for diagnostic shifts, ways they were communicated to parents and young people, and their clinical consequences. A Process of Readjustment captured processes of emotional and conceptual adaptation that followed a diagnostic shift. Finally, Social Repositioning explored how diagnostic shifts could prompt changes to interpersonal relations, social identity and stigma experiences. The study shows that diagnostic shifts carry significant emotional, social and practical repercussions. While diagnostic shifts may threaten the therapeutic relationship and service-user understanding, they also offer opportunities to enhance young people's self-concept, social relationships and therapeutic engagement. Clinician awareness of the socio-emotional implications of diagnostic shifts is vital to inform sensitive communication and support strategies.
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Pallesen K, Brown J, Rose D, Lawrence V. An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of receiving a diagnosis of bi-polar disorder. J Ment Health 2020; 29:358-363. [PMID: 32326856 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2020.1755020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Research has shown that receiving a psychiatric diagnosis can have both positive and negative consequences for people. The way in which diagnoses are imparted is an under-researched area and may play an important role in reducing stigma and aiding recovery.Aims: The aim of the present study was to get an in-depth understanding of service users' experience of receiving a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.Methods: Nine service users recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule designed to elicit information regarding the positive and negative aspects of receiving their diagnosis. All transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).Findings: The findings can be described in terms of three master themes: 1. "Perceived fit between diagnosis and lived experience", 2. "Evaluating the utility of carrying the diagnostic label" and 3. "The role of diagnosis in searching for solutions to one's difficulties".Conclusion: This study draws attention to the importance of evaluating the fit between diagnosis and personal experiences and to the relevance of perceived stigma. The findings also highlight the significance of the client-clinician relationship in establishing fit and instilling hope, which has implications for the acceptance of the diagnosis and engagement with services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Pallesen
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - June Brown
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Rose
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Lawrence
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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Cosgrove L, Morrill Z, Yusif M, Vaswani A, Cathcart S, Troeger R, Karter JM. Drivers of and Solutions for the Overuse of Antidepressant Medication in Pediatric Populations. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:17. [PMID: 32116838 PMCID: PMC7034322 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Children in the United States and internationally are increasingly being diagnosed with depression and related psychiatric conditions and a recent study found that antidepressant (ADM) use in children and adolescents rose substantially in youth cohorts in five Western countries from 2005 to 2012. However, there has been ongoing controversy over the effectiveness and safety of ADM use in children, including concerns about ADM increasing suicidality and self-harm. In addition to the increase in the diagnosis of depression, commercially driven off-label prescriptions have been cited as a significant reason for high rates of pediatric ADM prescribing. In this commentary, we discuss two drivers of the overuse of ADM, both of which are products of an increasingly medicalized approach to mental health: 1) the demand for mental health and depression screening in youth, despite the lack of evidence to support it, and 2) the renewed momentum of the Global Mental Health Movement and concomitant calls to "scale up" the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. Using the lens of institutional corruption, we identify the ways in which both guild and financial conflicts of interest create obstacles to rational prescribing practices in pediatric populations and offer suggestions for reform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Justin M. Karter
- Department of Counseling and School Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
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What Differentiates Children with ADHD Symptoms Who Do and Do Not Receive a Formal Diagnosis? Results from a Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020; 51:138-150. [PMID: 31385105 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
ADHD diagnoses are increasing worldwide, in patterns involving both overdiagnosis of some groups and underdiagnosis of others. The current study uses data from a national longitudinal study of Irish children (N = 8568) to examine the sociodemographic, clinical and psychological variables that differentiate children with high hyperactivity/inattention symptoms, who had and had not received a diagnosis of ADHD. Analysis identified no significant differences in the demographic characteristics or socio-emotional wellbeing of 9-year-olds with hyperactivity/inattention who had and who had not received a diagnosis of ADHD. However, by age 13, those who had held a diagnosis at 9 years showed more emotional and peer relationship problems, worse prosocial behaviour, and poorer self-concept. Further research is required to clarify the developmental pathways responsible for these effects.
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Woodgate RL, Tailor K, Tennent P, Wener P, Altman G. The experience of the self in Canadian youth living with anxiety: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228193. [PMID: 32004336 PMCID: PMC6993971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety can create serious disruption in the life and mind of youth who are affected. Youth living with anxiety suffer a wealth of physical and psychological challenges, yet little is known about how anxiety influences the sense of the self. The purpose of this research was to explore the experience of the self in a sample of Canadian youth living with anxiety. MATERIALS AND METHODS The qualitative research approach of hermeneutic phenomenology was used. The sample consisted of 58 Canadian youth with anxiety, 44 females and 14 males between the ages of 10 and 22. Youth took part in open-ended interviewing, ecomaps, and photovoice. Data analysis followed a staged process, informed by Max van Manen. All sources of data were included in the analysis to form thematic statements. RESULTS Entering into the lifeworld of youth revealed that they suffered deeply. A fractured sense of self underlined their experience, setting up for a great deal of self-scrutiny and a lack of self-compassion. They experienced a profound sense of responsibility for others at the loss of being-there-for-oneself. Navigating their social sphere presented an additional challenge. However, youth were genuinely interested in self-discovery through awareness and reflection. CONCLUSIONS The phenomenological accounts by youth on living with anxiety reinforce the challenges they experienced within themselves that give rise to a great deal of inner turmoil. Care and support to youth with anxiety requires an understanding of the ways in which the self may be fractured by their experiences with anxiety. Providing young people with an opportunity to share with others who had similar lived experiences can serve to contribute to a sense of healing for youth, while also providing a safe space in which young people can let down their guard and openly acknowledge or share their experiences without fear of stigmatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta L. Woodgate
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ketan Tailor
- Counseling and Psychological Services, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Pauline Tennent
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pamela Wener
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gary Altman
- Department of Psychiatry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba and PsycHealth Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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O’Connor C, Downs J, Shetty H, McNicholas F. Diagnostic trajectories in child and adolescent mental health services: exploring the prevalence and patterns of diagnostic adjustments in an electronic mental health case register. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1111-1123. [PMID: 31679098 PMCID: PMC7369254 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Community-based epidemiological studies show transitions between psychiatric disorders are common during child development. However, little research has explored the prevalence or patterns of the diagnostic adjustments that occur in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). Understanding diagnostic trajectories is necessary to inform theory development in developmental psychopathology and clinical judgements regarding risk and prognosis. In this study, data from CAMHS clinical records were extracted from a British mental health case register (N = 12,543). Analysis calculated the proportion of children whose clinical records showed a longitudinal diagnostic adjustment (i.e. addition of a subsequent diagnosis of a different diagnostic class, at > 30 days' distance from their first diagnosis). Regression analyses investigated typical diagnostic sequences and their relationships with socio-demographic variables, service use and standardised measures of mental health. Analysis found that 19.3% of CAMHS attendees had undergone a longitudinal diagnostic adjustment. Ethnicity, diagnostic class and symptom profiles significantly influenced the likelihood of a diagnostic adjustment. Affective and anxiety/stress-related disorders longitudinally predicted each other, as did hyperkinetic and conduct disorders, and hyperkinetic and pervasive developmental disorders. Results suggest that approximately one in five young service users have their original psychiatric diagnosis revised or supplemented during their time in CAMHS. By revealing the most common diagnostic sequences, this study enables policy makers to anticipate future service needs and clinicians to make informed projections about their patients' likely trajectories. Further research is required to understand how young people experience diagnostic adjustments and their psychological and pragmatic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliodhna O’Connor
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johnny Downs
- grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Hitesh Shetty
- grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fiona McNicholas
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,St John of God Hospitaller Services, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.417322.10000 0004 0516 3853Our Lady’s Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Ireland
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White R, Barreto M, Harrington J, Kapp SK, Hayes J, Russell G. Is disclosing an autism spectrum disorder in school associated with reduced stigmatization? AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 24:744-754. [PMID: 31773970 DOI: 10.1177/1362361319887625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests disclosing an autism diagnosis is associated with reduced stigmatization for autistic adults. However, it is unknown whether this is true for autistic adolescents. We used a vignette-and-questionnaire design to study stigmatizing attitudes with adolescents (aged 11-12 and 14-16 years, total N = 250) in a UK school. We investigated the effect of disclosing that a fictional adolescent had an autism diagnosis on stigmatizing attitudes of peers by testing the effect of disclosure of diagnosis on the social and emotional distance pupils wanted to maintain from the autistic adolescent. We also tested the effect of disclosure on peers' assessment of the adolescent's responsibility for their own behaviour. We checked to see if the effects were moderated by gender and age-group. Disclosing autism did not affect the social and emotional distance peers wanted to maintain from the autistic adolescent, but was associated with significant reduction in personal responsibility attributed to the adolescent's behaviour. Boys attributed more personal responsibility to the autistic adolescent than girls, but this gender effect was reduced when autism was disclosed. These findings suggest that disclosing autism to other pupils may be of limited use in reducing stigmatization by peers in UK schools.
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Galetsi P, Katsaliaki K, Kumar S. Values, challenges and future directions of big data analytics in healthcare: A systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2019; 241:112533. [PMID: 31585681 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of powerful software has created conditions and approaches for large datasets to be collected and analyzed which has led to informed decision-making towards tackling health issues. The objective of this study is to systematically review 804 scholarly publications related to big data analytics in health in order to identify the organizational and social values along with associated challenges. Key principles of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology were followed for conducting systematic reviews. Following a research path, we present the values, challenges and future directions of the scientific area using indicative examples from relevant published articles. The study reveals that one of the main values created is the development of analytical techniques which provides personalized health services to users and supports human decision-making using automated algorithms, challenging the power issues in the doctor-patient relationship and creating new working conditions. A main challenge to data analytics is data management and security when processing large volumes of sensitive, personal health data. Future research is directed towards the development of systems that will standardize and secure the process of extracting private healthcare datasets from relevant organizations. Our systematic literature review aims to provide to governments and health policy-makers a better understanding of how the development of a data driven strategy can improve public health and the functioning of healthcare organizations but also how can create challenges that need to be addressed in the near future to avoid societal malfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Galetsi
- School of Economics, Business Administration & Legal Studies, International Hellenic University, 14th km Thessaloniki-N.Moudania, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece.
| | - K Katsaliaki
- School of Economics, Business Administration & Legal Studies, International Hellenic University, 14th km Thessaloniki-N.Moudania, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece.
| | - S Kumar
- Opus College of Business, University of St. Thomas Minneapolis Campus, 1000 LaSalle Avenue, Schulze Hall 435, Minneapolis, MN 55403, USA.
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Llewellyn-Beardsley J, Rennick-Egglestone S, Callard F, Crawford P, Farkas M, Hui A, Manley D, McGranahan R, Pollock K, Ramsay A, Sælør KT, Wright N, Slade M. Characteristics of mental health recovery narratives: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214678. [PMID: 30921432 PMCID: PMC6438542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narratives of recovery from mental health distress have played a central role in the establishment of the recovery paradigm within mental health policy and practice. As use of recovery narratives increases within services, it is critical to understand how they have been characterised, and what may be missing from their characterisation thus far. The aim of this review was to synthesise published typologies in order to develop a conceptual framework characterising mental health recovery narratives. METHOD A systematic review was conducted of published literature on the characteristics of mental health recovery narratives. Narrative synthesis involved identifying characteristics and organising them into dimensions and types; and subgroup analysis based on study quality, narrator involvement in analysis, diagnosis of psychosis and experience of trauma. The synthesis was informed by consultation with a Lived Experience Advisory Panel and an academic panel. The review protocol was pre-registered (Prospero CRD42018090188). RESULTS 8951 titles, 366 abstracts and 121 full-text articles published January 2000-July 2018 were screened, of which 45 studies analysing 629 recovery narratives were included. A conceptual framework of mental health recovery narratives was developed, comprising nine dimensions (Genre; Positioning; Emotional Tone; Relationship with Recovery; Trajectory; Use of Turning Points; Narrative Sequence; Protagonists; and Use of Metaphors), each containing between two and six types. Subgroup analysis indicated all dimensions were present across most subgroups, with Turning Points particularly evident in trauma-related studies. CONCLUSIONS Recovery narratives are diverse and multidimensional. They may be non-linear and reject coherence. To a greater extent than illness narratives, they incorporate social, political and rights aspects. Approaches to supporting development of recovery narratives should expand rather than reduce available choices. Research into the narratives of more diverse populations is needed. The review supports trauma-informed approaches, and highlights the need to understand and support post-traumatic growth for people experiencing mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Llewellyn-Beardsley
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Rennick-Egglestone
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity Callard
- Department of Psychosocial Studies, Birkbeck University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Crawford
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Farkas
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ada Hui
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Manley
- Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rose McGranahan
- Unit of Social and Community Psychiatry, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian Pollock
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Ramsay
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Knut Tore Sælør
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health, Social and Welfare Studies, Center for Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University of South Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Nicola Wright
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Slade
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Klik KA, Williams SL, Reynolds KJ. Toward understanding mental illness stigma and help-seeking: A social identity perspective. Soc Sci Med 2019; 222:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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