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Roche KM, White RMB, Partovi R, Vaquera E, Little TD. US Immigration Policy Stressors and Latinx Youth Mental Health. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:669-677. [PMID: 38739402 PMCID: PMC11091817 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Importance The youth mental health crisis is exacerbated for Latinx adolescents, a group whose families are targets of anti-immigrant rhetoric and policy. Objective To investigate how immigration-related stressors are associated with disruptions in parent-child relationships and, in turn, the mental health symptoms of Latinx adolescents. Design, Setting, and Participants Data for this prospective cohort study of adolescent-mother dyads were derived from surveys completed at 3 time points spanning 4 years (time 1 [T1] in 2018, time 2 [T2] in 2020, and time 3 [T3] in 2022). Mediation analyses estimated paths from immigration-related stressors to parent-child relationship qualities to mental health symptoms from early to late adolescence. Multivariable and multivariate linear models within a structural equation modeling framework regressed mediators and outcome variables on their own T1 values, offering a scientifically rigorous test of mediation. The setting was a school district in suburban Atlanta, Georgia, and included Latinx adolescents (ages 11-16 years) randomly selected from grade and gender strata. Data were analyzed from June 2023 to March 2024. Exposures The primary independent variables were T1 mother reports of anti-immigrant worry and behavioral modification and adolescent reports of family member detention or deportation. Mediating variables were the reports of parental support and parent-child conflict of T2 adolescents. Main Outcomes and Measures T3 adolescent reports of past 6-month internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Results A total of 547 Latinx adolescents (mean [SD] age, 13.3 [1.0] years; 303 female [55.4%]; 244 male [44.6%]) were included in this study. Response rates were 65.2% (547 of 839) among contacted parents and 95.3% (547 of 574) among contacted adolescents with parental permission. Four-year retention rates were 67% (366 of 547 adolescents) and 65% (177 of 271 mothers). Structural model results showed that T1 anti-immigrant worry and behavioral modification was associated with T3 increases in externalizing symptoms indirectly through T1 to T2 increases in parent-child conflict (β = 0.03; SE = 0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.08). For girls, T1 family member deportation or detention was associated with T1 to T3 increases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms indirectly through T1 to T2 declines in parental support (internalizing: β = 0.04; SE = 0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.08; externalizing: β = 0.03; SE = 0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.07). Sensitivity analyses supported structural model findings. Conclusion and Relevance Results of this cohort study suggest that legislative bodies, the health care system, and educational institutions should implement safeguards to mitigate potential harm conferred by anti-immigrant environments for parent-child relationships and, in turn, Latinx adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Roche
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Rebecca M. B. White
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe
| | - Roushanac Partovi
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Elizabeth Vaquera
- Department of Sociology and Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Todd D. Little
- Educational Psychology and Leadership, Lubbock, Texas
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- North-West University of South Africa, South Africa
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2
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Chavez SJ, Reed MB, Smith LR, Zúñiga ML, Pitpitan EV, Trim RS, Baweja HS. Depression mediates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and risky drinking among Hispanic young adults. Am J Addict 2024; 33:385-392. [PMID: 38353562 PMCID: PMC11209822 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hispanic young adults in the United States have consistently high rates of risky drinking, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), depression, and anxiety. There is a positive association between ACEs and alcohol use among Hispanic populations; it is unknown if mental health symptomatology mediates this relationship. The purpose of this study was to test whether depression and anxiety mediated the relationship between ACEs and risky drinking among Hispanic young adults who engage in risky drinking. METHODS Data from 264 Hispanic young adults, ages 19 to 30, were collected via an online questionnaire. Participants were recruited via social media, emails/listservs across colleges, the community, and web-panels. The questionnaire assessed ACEs, risky drinking, depression, and anxiety. We conducted a mediational analysis to test whether depression and anxiety mediated the relationship between ACEs and risky drinking. RESULTS Of the sample, 59.8% identified as female and 40.2% as male. The average age was 24.37 (SD = 3.069). Participants (61%) identified as Mexican, Mexican American, or Chicano, and 84.1% identified as second-generation. ACEs were positively associated with risky drinking, depression, and anxiety. Depression mediated the relationship between ACEs and risky drinking. CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Depression explained the association between ACEs and risky drinking among Hispanic young adults, adding to our understanding of how mediators can illustrate pathways that lead from ACEs to risky drinking. Practitioners and interventionists should continue supporting Hispanic youth by integrating them into early prevention programs to mitigate the mental health consequences of ACEs that could lead to risky drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Chavez
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences & Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mark B Reed
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Laramie R Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Maria L Zúñiga
- School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eileen V Pitpitan
- School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ryan S Trim
- Center of Excellence in Substance Addiction Treatment and Education (CESATE), Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Wallace C. The Trauma of Separation: Lifelong Health Implications on Children. Pediatr Ann 2024; 53:e167-e170. [PMID: 38700921 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240306-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
In the United States, there are millions of globally displaced children who travel with family to seek immigration relief, many of whom have experienced family separation or live under the constant threat of separation. Family separation constitutes a significant trauma with lifelong impacts on a child's mental health, physical health, and development. This review provides a summary of the various contexts within which family separation occurs as well as the current literature on long-term health sequelae. These include mental illness, externalizing behaviors, developmental challenges, family stability, economic impacts, and educational attainment. Given the number of newcomer children in the US, it is paramount that pediatric clinicians develop a holistic understanding of their needs and the effects of separation to provide evidence-based care and to advocate for the prevention of this trauma for all future migrant families. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(5):e167-e170.].
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Walsdorf AA, O'Brien Caughy M, Osborne KR, Valdez CR, King VA, Owen MT. Acculturation Stress Magnifies Child Depression Effect of Stressful Life Events for Latinx Youth 3 Years Later. JOURNAL OF LATINX PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 12:186-200. [PMID: 39006970 PMCID: PMC11245282 DOI: 10.1037/lat0000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Experiences of stressful life events (SLEs) during childhood are associated with greater risk for youth psychopathology. Although SLEs are reported in greater frequency by Latinx families, Latinx populations remain largely absent in the SLE literature. Furthermore, Latinx populations face added stressors related to socio-political climate, acculturation, and racism and discrimination. The purpose of this study was to explore the intersection between parent-reported SLEs and acculturation (i.e., socio-political climate-related) stressors for Latinx youth. Greater frequency of caregiver reported SLEs were hypothesized to predict higher depressive symptoms in their children three years later, and acculturation stress was hypothesized to amplify these effects. Method The community-recruited, low-income sample for this study consisted of 198 Latinx caregivers (98.5% mothers, 77.3% foreign-born) and their children (M age = 7.4, 47.5% female). Study hypotheses were tested using MPlus. Results Consistent with prior literature, more SLEs reported at age 7 by parents were associated with more child-reported depressive symptoms at age 10 but only among boys. However, for both boys and girls, there was a significant interaction between acculturation stress and family SLEs. Specifically, as the amount of acculturation stress reported at age 7 increased, the negative impact of family SLEs on child-reported depressive symptoms at age 10 was magnified, regardless of gender. Conclusion Adding to the literature on SLEs within Latinx families, these results indicate that acculturation and socio-political climate stressors need be considered in discussions of the effects of life stress on Latinx youth and their families.
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Mersky JP, Lee CP, Hami D. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Sexual Orientation: An Intersectional Analysis of Nationally Representative Data. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:483-491. [PMID: 37884176 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study compared the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences across intersections of sexual orientation, gender, race/ethnicity, and economic status. METHODS Data collected between 1994 and 2018 from 12,519 participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were analyzed in 2023 to generate adverse childhood experience prevalence estimates. Unadjusted 1-way ANOVAs and multivariate regressions were performed to compare differences in independent and cumulative adversity measures by sexual orientation, gender, race/ethnicity, and poverty status. A multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy was conducted to estimate adversity scores across 24 groups that were stratified by sexual orientation, gender, race/ethnicity, and poverty status. RESULTS Adolescents with same-sex attractions and adults who identified with a sexual minority group reported more adverse childhood experiences overall than straight participants, although associations varied by type of adversity. Strikingly, adversity scores were higher among White youth with same-sex attractions than among Black youth with same-sex attractions, among more economically advantaged bisexual adults than among poorer ones, and among poor White participants than among poor Black and Hispanic participants, suggesting that the combination of disadvantaged and marginalized statuses does not necessarily correspond with greater childhood adversity. A multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy interaction model showed that sexual orientation and poverty status contributed significant variance to cumulative adversity scores, whereas gender and race/ethnicity did not. CONCLUSIONS The results show that disparities in adverse experiences can be more fully and accurately represented when sexual orientation and other social identities are modeled as intersectional configurations. Given that adverse childhood experiences are linked to morbidity and mortality, the findings have salient implications for understanding health disparities that affect population subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Mersky
- Institute for Child and Family Well-being, Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - ChienTi Plummer Lee
- Institute for Child and Family Well-being, Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Davin Hami
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Lemon ED, Mera Nieto KS, Serrano Laguna LY, Flores YA, Niño-Suastegui M, Peraza Campos J, Fuentes V, Lozada K, Ling A, Woods-Jaeger B. "I Can Never Feel Safe": Latinx Youth Voices on Psychosocial Impacts of 287(g) in Georgia. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2024; 51:71-81. [PMID: 37675769 DOI: 10.1177/10901981231193695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, immigration policies are understood as structural determinants, rooted in racism, nativism, and ethnocentrism, which raise serious public health concerns for Latinx adolescents' mental health. Our objective was to examine how immigration policy enforcement affects mental health of Latinx youth raised in a county with an aggressive interior immigration enforcement program. From 2009 to 2021, Gwinnett County, GA, led the nation in deportations under the 287(g) program as a "universal enforcement model," where local law enforcement were deputized to detain undocumented immigrants, primarily through traffic violations. From June to July 2022, we followed a participatory action research approach with two groups of Latinx youth who grew up in Gwinnett County. In total, 10 youth took photos related to the research question, and engaged in facilitated dialogue using photovoice guide SHOWED/VENCER for four, 2-hour sessions that were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed following grounded theory principles to arrive at a conceptual model codeveloped and validated by youth. Youth described how 287(g) led to policing and deportation in their communities, fueling stereotypes, and discrimination that criminalized Latinx immigrants. Youth linked immigration enforcement policies like 287(g) to exclusionary systems that contributed to fear, marginalization, and loss in their communities, bringing experiences of sadness, grief, isolation, hopelessness, and low self-worth. From youth-driven research, we identified mental health implications of the 287(g) program among Latinx youth. The cascading harms of immigration enforcement policies highlight the need to address these policies and identify immediate strategies to promote Latinx youth mental health.
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Jindal M, Barnert E, Chomilo N, Gilpin Clark S, Cohen A, Crookes DM, Kershaw KN, Kozhimannil KB, Mistry KB, Shlafer RJ, Slopen N, Suglia SF, Nguemeni Tiako MJ, Heard-Garris N. Policy solutions to eliminate racial and ethnic child health disparities in the USA. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2024; 8:159-174. [PMID: 38242598 PMCID: PMC11163982 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Societal systems act individually and in combination to create and perpetuate structural racism through both policies and practices at the local, state, and federal levels, which, in turn, generate racial and ethnic health disparities. Both current and historical policy approaches across multiple sectors-including housing, employment, health insurance, immigration, and criminal legal-have the potential to affect child health equity. Such policies must be considered with a focus on structural racism to understand which have the potential to eliminate or at least attenuate disparities. Policy efforts that do not directly address structural racism will not achieve equity and instead worsen gaps and existing disparities in access and quality-thereby continuing to perpetuate a two-tier system dictated by racism. In Paper 2 of this Series, we build on Paper 1's summary of existing disparities in health-care delivery and highlight policies within multiple sectors that can be modified and supported to improve health equity, and, in so doing, improve the health of racially and ethnically minoritised children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Jindal
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Barnert
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Chomilo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shawnese Gilpin Clark
- Smith Child Health Outcomes, Research, and Evaluation Center, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alyssa Cohen
- Smith Child Health Outcomes, Research, and Evaluation Center, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Danielle M Crookes
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Sociology and Anthropology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiarri N Kershaw
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katy Backes Kozhimannil
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kamila B Mistry
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Office of Extramural Research, Education, and Priority Populations, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca J Shlafer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Natalie Slopen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Nia Heard-Garris
- Smith Child Health Outcomes, Research, and Evaluation Center, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Duraccio K, Erickson L, Jones MS, Pierce H. Early adverse childhood experiences and adolescent sleep outcomes. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 147:106593. [PMID: 38061279 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is critical for physical, mental, and emotional health. This may be particularly true for adolescents experiencing rapid physiological changes. Relatively little is known about how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are implicated in adolescent experiences with sleep. OBJECTIVE We use data (from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS, n = 3444) to assess the relationship between early ACE exposure (by age 5) and various adolescent sleep outcomes. We anticipate that early ACEs will be associated with poor adolescent sleep outcomes. METHODS FFCWS data includes survey responses from parents and/or primary caregivers and children at birth and approximately one, three, five, nine, and 15 years later. The FFCWS oversampled unmarried parents with low educational attainment, income, and from marginalized racial-ethnic groups. Models of sleep outcomes included ordinary least squares, Poisson, negative binomial, logistic, and order logistic regression, as appropriate. RESULTS Despite a high number of ACEs, adolescent hours of sleep were consistent with published recommendations. Other measures of sleep indicated adolescents in the sample experience worse sleep on most other measures. ACE exposure was associated with difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. More ACEs was also related with problematic sleep environments (i.e., place slept) and increased snoring. There was some evidence that ACEs were related to less sleep on weekends and increased social jet lag (different patterns of sleep between weekdays and weekends). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ACEs could be important diagnostic data for clinicians in primary care and behavioral sleep medicine practice.
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Ertanir B, Cobb CL, Unger JB, Celada-Dalton T, West AE, Zeledon I, Perazzo PA, Cano MÁ, Des Rosiers SE, Duque MC, Ozer S, Cruz N, Scaramutti C, Vos SR, Salas-Wright CP, Maldonado-Molina MM, Nehme L, Martinez CR, Zayas LH, Schwartz SJ. Crisis Migration Adverse Childhood Events: A New Category of Youth Adversity for Crisis Migrant Children and Adolescents. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1871-1882. [PMID: 36626084 PMCID: PMC10661744 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-01016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present article proposes an extension of the concept of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to apply to crisis migration - where youth and families are fleeing armed conflicts, natural disasters, community violence, government repression, and other large-scale emergencies. We propose that adverse events occurring prior to, during, and following migration can be classified as crisis-migration-related ACEs, and that the developmental logic underlying ACEs can be extended to the new class of crisis-migration-related ACEs. Specifically, greater numbers, severity, and chronicity of crisis-migration-related ACEs would be expected to predict greater impairments in mental and physical health, poorer interpersonal relationships, and less job stability later on. We propose a research agenda centered around definitional clarity, rigorous measurement development, prospective longitudinal studies to establish predictive validity, and collaborations among researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Ertanir
- School of Education, Institute Research and Development, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Bahnhofstrasse 6, 5210, Windisch, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | - Amy E West
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Ingrid Zeledon
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | | | | | - Maria C Duque
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | | | - Natalie Cruz
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Saskia R Vos
- University of Miami (Florida), Miami, United States
| | | | | | - Lea Nehme
- Florida International University, Miami, United States
| | | | - Luis H Zayas
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
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Choi SW, Park S, Duah A, Kim K, Park M. Consequences of the 2019 Public Charge Rule Announcement and Publication on Prenatal WIC Participation Among Immigrant Families: Evidence of Spillover Effects. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:1229-1238. [PMID: 37530903 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of the announcement and publication of the 2019 Public Charge Rule on participation of the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children (WIC) among pregnant immigrants. A difference-in-differences approach was used to analyze the changes in prenatal WIC participation before and after the 2019 Public Charge Rule announcement and publication among immigrants relative to US natives. We identified 17,623,683 live singletons born in a hospital from 2015 to 2019. Compared to US natives, the odds of prenatal WIC participation among immigrants were 11.4% lower after the 2019 Public Charge Rule announcement, and 19% lower after the final rule was published. The results of this study suggest that pregnant immigrants may decide not to participate in the WIC program due to the fear of jeopardizing their immigration status after the announcement and publication of the 2019 Public Charge Rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung W Choi
- School of Public Affairs, Pennsylvania State University - Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA, 17057, USA.
| | - Sujeong Park
- School of Public Affairs, Pennsylvania State University - Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA, 17057, USA
| | - Abena Duah
- School of Public Affairs, Pennsylvania State University - Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA, 17057, USA
| | - Kyungha Kim
- Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland - Baltimore, 220 Arch Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Mingean Park
- School of Public Affairs, Pennsylvania State University - Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA, 17057, USA
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Jones MS, Worthen MGF. Measuring the prevalence and impact of adverse childhood experiences in the lives of LGBTQ individuals: A much-needed expansion. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023:106560. [PMID: 38001009 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies indicate that LGBTQ people have extensive experiences with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), more so than their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. Research also shows that LGBTQ youth endure traumatic experiences with victimization, including bullying, harassment, and violence, based on their non-hetero-cis-normative genders and/or sexual identities. Yet, most ACE measurement strategies fail to: (1) explicitly link the risk of ACE exposure to the discrimination and stigmatization of LGBTQ people, and (2) account for the breadth of potential ACE exposure in LGBTQ populations. OBJECTIVE In the current article, we develop and present a more comprehensive ACE measurement strategy for understanding the cumulative and deleterious impacts of ACEs in the lives of LGBTQ individuals. METHODS Here, we offer three expansions to the current ACE framework: (1) the inclusion of an LGBTQ-specific ACE in addition to the standard ACE measures, (2) the addition of LGBTQ qualifiers for current ACE items (when applicable), and (3) the expansion of ACE measures to capture the unique ACE experiences of LGBTQ individuals in family life, schools, and faith communities. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of a more comprehensive ACE measurement strategy will assist scholars and policymakers in better understanding the impacts of ACEs in the lives of LGBTQ individuals. In all, ACE measurement strategies that capture the breath of exposure of ACEs in the lives of LGBTQ individuals will assist in ACE screening, public health policy, and clinical intervention efforts.
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12
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Sucich J, Breitbart V, Williams S, Sanichar N, Candelaria-Arce E, Frankle WG, Davison-Duffy S. Prevalence of Childhood Trauma in a Community-Based Mental Health Clinic. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:1136-1149. [PMID: 36752932 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A large number of individuals in the US have experienced childhood trauma. However, little is known about the prevalence of trauma in a diverse patient population entering treatment in a community mental health center. To assess early trauma in this population, the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACEs) questionnaire was administered to 856 participants over a nine-month period. 40% reported four or more ACEs. Among high scorers, emotional abuse, physical abuse and emotional neglect were the most prevalent ACE experiences. High mean ACE sum scores were observed among patients with PTSD, depression, impulse disorder and substance use disorder. Having a higher ACE sum score was associated with a greater number of co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Characterizing ACEs by patient sociodemographic attributes and psychiatric diagnoses extracted from the electronic medical records (EMR) can benefit therapeutic interventions. These findings indicate a need for creating more trauma-informed settings with knowledgeable, trained staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Sucich
- The Family Health Centers at NYU Langone, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- NYU Lagone Health, Sunset Terrace Family Health Center, 514 49th St. Brooklyn, 11220, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Sharifa Williams
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Navin Sanichar
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | | | - W Gordon Frankle
- NYU Lagone Health, Sunset Terrace Family Health Center, 514 49th St. Brooklyn, 11220, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Zhen-Duan J, Colombo D, Alvarez K. Inclusion of Expanded Adverse Childhood Experiences in Research About Racial/Ethnic Substance Use Disparities. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:S129-S132. [PMID: 37339415 PMCID: PMC10282858 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Zhen-Duan
- Jenny Zhen-Duan is with the Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Daniella Colombo is with Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ. Kiara Alvarez is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniella Colombo
- Jenny Zhen-Duan is with the Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Daniella Colombo is with Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ. Kiara Alvarez is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kiara Alvarez
- Jenny Zhen-Duan is with the Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Daniella Colombo is with Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ. Kiara Alvarez is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Niño M, Tsuchiya K, Thomas S, Vazquez C. The co-occurrence of adverse childhood experiences and mental health among Latina/o adults: A latent class analysis approach. Prev Med Rep 2023; 33:102185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
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15
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Contextualizing Adverse Childhood Experiences: The Intersections of Individual and Community Adversity. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:570-584. [PMID: 36445650 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are traumatic childhood events that can undermine youth development, and are linked to chronic health problems, mental illness, and risk-taking behaviors in adulthood. ACEs are preventable, yet effective response strategies require comprehensive conceptualization and measurement of adversity. Although typically measured as individual experiences in the family and home (e.g., abuse, neglect), adversity also exists outside the home, in the many contexts in which youth development unfolds (e.g., communities, neighborhoods). Yet, such contexts and experiences are often absent in ACEs research. Using data from a nationally representative youth sample, this study addresses that gap, advancing a measure that contextualizes individual-level ACEs within social and structural domains of community-level adversity. Among 13,267 youth (mean age = 15.25 [range 12-18]; 51% female; 71% White; 13% Black; 10% Hispanic; 3% Asian; 2% American Indian/Multiracial), 61% and 73% were exposed to at least one individual and community ACE, respectively, while 15% of youth reported severe individual ACE exposure (≥3 ACEs) and 20% were exposed to severe (≥3) community ACEs. All ACE exposures were associated with problem behaviors later in adolescence, but youth reporting both severe individual and community ACEs were especially at high risk for later violence, delinquency, and other health-risk behaviors. These findings highlight that community adversity exacerbates the damaging effects of individual/family adversity and thus should be addressed in efforts to prevent ACEs and reduce their long-term harm.
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Parmar DD, Minnis AM, Caballero E, Zerofsky M, Comfort M, Raymond-Flesch M. Latina mothers' perspectives on adverse experiences and protection of Latinx youth in an agricultural community. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:223. [PMID: 36732714 PMCID: PMC9893687 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-14993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are a measure of childhood toxic stress that have a dose-dependent relationship with many adult health outcomes. While ACEs have been validated across diverse populations to measure neglect, abuse, and family dysfunction, they do not specifically assess trauma related to racism/xenophobia and immigration. 54% of Latinx youth in the United States are immigrants or children of immigrants and a large group with potentially unmeasured trauma. This study looks beyond ACEs to identify adverse and protective factors for healthy development among Latinx youth in an agricultural community through the perspectives of their mothers. METHODS Twenty mothers of adolescent participants in A Crecer: the Salinas Teen Health Study (a prospective cohort study of 599 adolescents) completed semi-structured interviews in Spanish. Interviews focused on mothers' perspectives on community resources, parenting strategies, parenting support systems, and their future aspirations for their children. Four coders completed iterative rounds of thematic coding drawing from published ACEs frameworks (original ACEs, community ACEs) and immigrant specific adverse events arising from the data. RESULTS Mothers in this study reported adverse experiences captured within community-level ACEs but also distinct experiences related to intergenerational trauma and immigrant-related adversities. The most cited community-level ACEs were housing instability and community violence. Immigrant related adversities included experiences of systemic racism with loss of resources, political instability limiting structural resources, and language-limited accessibility. These were exacerbated by the loss of family supports due to immigration related family-child separation including deportations and staggered parent-child migration. Having experienced intergenerational trauma and systemic oppression, mothers discussed their strategies for building family unity, instilling resilience in their children, and improving socioeconomic opportunities for their family. CONCLUSIONS Latina mothers shared the impacts of immigrant-related experiences on systemic inequities in the United States which are currently missing from the ACEs framework. Immigrant specific adverse events include language-limited accessibility, or family-child separations, and policies impacting structural resources for immigrant families. Mothers highlighted their capacity to build resilience in their children and buffer impacts of systemic racism. Community-tailored interventions can build on this foundation to reduce health disparities and promote health equity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika D. Parmar
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - Elodia Caballero
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Melissa Zerofsky
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Megan Comfort
- grid.62562.350000000100301493RTI International, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Marissa Raymond-Flesch
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
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Bounds DT, Stiles-Shields C, Schueller SM, Odgers CL, Karnik NS. Ethical considerations for developing pediatric mhealth interventions for teens with socially complex needs. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2023; 36:7-16. [PMID: 36134754 PMCID: PMC9898213 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TOPIC Mobile Health (mHealth) stands as a potential means to better reach, assess, and intervene with teens with socially complex needs. These youth often face overlapping adversities including medical illness and a history of experiencing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Clinicians are faced with navigating ethical decisions when developing mHealth tools for teens who have socially complex needs. Many tools have been developed for adults from the general population. However, despite the development of thousands of mHealth interventions, developers tend to focus on designing for usability, engagement, and efficacy, with less attention on the ethical considerations of making such tools. PURPOSE To safely move mHealth interventions from research into clinical practice, ethical standards must be met during the design phase. In this paper we adapt the Four Box Model (i.e., medical indications, preferences of patients, quality of life, and contextual features) to guide mHealth developers through ethical considerations when designing mHealth interventions for teens who present with a medical diagnosis and a history of ACEs. SOURCES A review of language, inclusive features, data sharing, and usability is presented using both the Four Box Model and potential scenarios to guide each consideration. CONCLUSIONS To better support designers of mHealth tools we present a framework for evaluating applications to determine overlap with ethical design and are well suited for use in clinical practice with underserved pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn T Bounds
- Irvine, Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Section of Community Behavioral Health, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Colleen Stiles-Shields
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Section of Community Behavioral Health, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen M Schueller
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Candice L Odgers
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Niranjan S Karnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Section of Community Behavioral Health, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Cao J, Silva SG, Rodriguez MQ, Li Q, Stafford AM, Cervantes RC, Gonzalez-Guarda RM. Acculturation, Acculturative Stress, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Latinx Immigrants in the US. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:3711-3736. [PMID: 35861273 PMCID: PMC11102759 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221109905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Latinx immigrants bear a disproportionate burden associated with intimate partner violence (IPV); however, efforts to develop evidence-based IPV prevention strategies and address health disparities have been impeded by a lack of understanding of the unique cultural (i.e., acculturation and acculturative stress) and socio-environmental (i.e., adverse childhood experiences [ACEs]) factors that contribute to IPV in this historically marginalized population. Guided by a contextual framework for IPV and a life-course perspective viewed through a gendered lens, this study aims to (a) identify relationships among acculturation, acculturative stress, ACEs, and IPV victimization and perpetration; and (b) explore whether profiles of IPV risk factors differ by gender (women vs. men) among Latinx immigrants. This cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study was a secondary analysis of data from the baseline assessment of 331 ever-partnered Latinx immigrants aged 18 to 44 in a longitudinal study named Salud (Health), Estrés (Stress), y Resilencia (Resilency) (SER) Hispano. Logistic regressions adjusting for individual characteristics and gender subgroup analyses were used to address study aims. The majority of the participants were women (71.30%). More than half of all participants had experienced IPV victimization (57.70%) or IPV perpetration (60.73%). Latinx immigrants with higher family stress (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.16; p < .001) had an elevated risk for IPV victimization; those with more ACEs (aOR = 1.08; p = .005) had an increased risk for IPV perpetration. Women had a lower risk of IPV victimization (aOR = 0.45; p = .03) and a higher risk for IPV perpetration (aOR = 3.26; p = .001) compared to men. Although further research is warranted, the profiles of risk factors for IPV perpetration were different for women than for men. Culturally tailored preventions focused on acculturative stress and ACEs are needed to help Latinx immigrant communities minimize exposure to life-course adversities, improve positive adaptation to the US, and eliminate IPV-relevant health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiepin Cao
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Qing Li
- San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Nursing, MS, USA
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19
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Nieri T, Ramachandran M, Bruckner T, Link B, Ayón C. Sanctuary city policies and Latinx immigrant mental health in California. SSM Popul Health 2022; 21:101319. [PMID: 36589276 PMCID: PMC9798158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This quasi-experimental study examined whether "sanctuary city" policies are an effective mechanism for reducing mental health inequalities by immigrant origin status in Latinx populations in California. Ample evidence indicates that people experience mental health problems when restrictive immigration policies are imposed. It remains unclear whether sanctuary city policies can improve population mental health in the groups targeted by restrictive immigration policies: undocumented immigrant Latinxs, documented immigrant Latinxs, and native-born Latinxs. We combined data on California's 482 cities concerning whether and when they implemented a sanctuary policy with health data on approximately 142,000 adults, 6400 adolescents and 13,000 children from the multi-year California Health Interview Survey. After using propensity score matching to identify non-sanctuary cities comparable to sanctuary cities, we estimated respondent-level difference-in-differences models to determine whether sanctuary city policies had beneficial mental health effects on three age groups: adults, adolescents, and children during the period 2007-2018. There was a trend toward improved mental health in sanctuary cities after policy enactment, but the patterns of mental health in the three Latinx immigration sub-groups of each age group did not conform to our hypotheses. Buffering the adverse effects of harsh federal immigration policies may need to involve other approaches, such as expanded local mental health care access. We discuss these results in terms of alternative treatment interference, residents' policy awareness, the policy's capacity to address past health impacts, methodological issues, and potential policy momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Nieri
- Sociology, University of California at Riverside, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - Tim Bruckner
- Public Health, University of California at Irvine, USA
| | - Bruce Link
- Sociology, University of California at Riverside, USA
- Public Policy, University of California at Riverside, USA
| | - Cecilia Ayón
- Public Policy, University of California at Riverside, USA
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20
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Valdez CR, Walsdorf AA, Wagner KM, Salgado de Snyder VN, Garcia D, Villatoro AP. The intersection of immigration policy impacts and COVID-19 for Latinx young adults. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 70:420-432. [PMID: 35901500 PMCID: PMC9353277 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For many Latinx young adults, COVID-19 has exposed exclusionary policies that heighten risk for contracting the virus and that leave them and their parents unprotected. This study has a dual purpose; first, to quantitatively examine immigration policy impacts of discrimination, isolation, threats to family, and vulnerability, and their association to economic consequences experienced by Latinx young adults in Central Texas during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, to qualitatively explore how policy impacts affected Latinx young adults during the pandemic, and the coping mechanisms they utilized to minimize these impacts. Quantitative results show that on average, Latinx young adults (N = 83) reported low discrimination and isolation but moderate threats to family and vulnerability, with rates of isolation and vulnerability higher for foreign-born than U.S.-born Latinx young adults. Perceived discrimination due to one's own or family immigration status was associated with economic hardship. Qualitative findings show that Latinx young adults (n = 21) experienced (a) precarious conditions that pose a threat of COVID-19 infection for Latinxs, (b) parental job loss due to vulnerable employment leads to deprivation, and (c) policies that disproportionally discriminate against the Latinx community and exclude them from vital services. Despite these challenges, participants also drew on resilience and expressed hope for the future. The article concludes with implications for policymakers and practitioners to provide protections and services to Latinx young adults and their family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen R. Valdez
- Department of Population Health, Steve Hicks School of Social WorkThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Ashley A. Walsdorf
- Department of Population Health, Steve Hicks School of Social WorkThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Kevin M. Wagner
- Department of Population Health, Steve Hicks School of Social WorkThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - V. Nelly Salgado de Snyder
- Latino Research InstituteThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de MéxicoCuernavacaMéxicoUSA
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21
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Barajas-Gonzalez RG, Linares Torres H, Urcuyo A, Salamanca E, Kourousias L. Racialization, discrimination, and depression: A mixed-method study of the impact of an anti-immigrant climate on Latina immigrant mothers and their children. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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22
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Ursache A, Barajas-Gonzalez RG, Dawson-McClure S. Neighborhood influences on the development of self-regulation among children of color living in historically disinvested neighborhoods: Moderators and mediating mechanisms. Front Psychol 2022; 13:953304. [PMID: 36389468 PMCID: PMC9643166 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.953304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a conceptual model of the ways in which built and social environments shape the development of self-regulation in early childhood. Importantly, in centering children of color growing up in historically disinvested neighborhoods, we first describe how systemic structures of racism and social stratification have shaped neighborhood built and social environment features. We then present evidence linking these neighborhood features to children's development of self-regulation. Furthermore, we take a multilevel approach to examining three potential pathways linking neighborhood contexts to self-regulation: school environment and resources, home environment and resources, and child health behaviors. Finally, we consider how racial-ethnic-cultural strengths and multilevel interventions have the potential to buffer children's development of self-regulation in disinvested neighborhood contexts. Advancing multilevel approaches to understand the development of self-regulation among children of color living in historically disinvested neighborhoods is an important step in efforts to promote equity in health and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ursache
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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23
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Valdez CR, Herrera N, Wagner KM, Ables A. Mexican immigrant parents' hopes for their children and parenting strategies in different immigration climates. FAMILY PROCESS 2022; 61:1324-1340. [PMID: 34528257 PMCID: PMC8920944 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present article, we explore the hopes that immigrant parents of Mexican origin have for their children and the strategies they employ to foster such hopes in light of immigration status, immigration climate, and transnational lived experiences. We conducted six focus groups with 42 immigrant parents of Mexican origin living in Arizona and Texas to explore their hopes and strategies used to foster hopes. Parents, the majority of whom were mothers, defined hopes in terms of what they can provide to their children, including (a) a better life through education and economic opportunities, (b) a strong moral and civic upbringing, and (c) safety from neighborhood crime and hostile immigrant climates. Parents fostered these hopes through the strategies of using self as example, parental involvement and monitoring, self-sacrifice, and family unity. Mothers of unauthorized immigration status raising children in a harsh immigration climate also avoided undue public exposure to ensure their children's safety, a task that was difficult for fathers as breadwinners. Immigration status and climate influenced parents' ability to provide opportunities for their children to pursue educational and career opportunities. We discuss parents' hopes and parenting strategies in the context of different immigration climates, highlight emerging gender differences, and provide recommendations for research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen R Valdez
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School and Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nancy Herrera
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin M Wagner
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School and Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ashley Ables
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School and Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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24
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Neagoe IM, Papasteri CC. Adverse Childhood Experiences in Residential Care: Predicting Accumulation and Exploring Clustering of Adversity in Romanian Care Facilities. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-022-09712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rangel DE, Peck E. A Qualitative Examination of Work, Families, and Schools in Low-Income Latinx Communities During Strict Immigration Enforcement. THE RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES : RSF 2022; 8:184-199. [PMID: 36644781 PMCID: PMC9835101 DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2022.8.5.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Education policy and the role of schools are a neglected part of the welfare state. Yet schools may be important sites for understanding how policy, work, and families intersect in immigrant households. Drawing on thirty interviews from seventeen households, this article highlights the experiences of families with young children during a time of increased national hostility toward immigrants. Given that immigrant families are often excluded from more traditional forms of social insurance, findings reveal the central role of fathers both inside and outside the home. Parental involvement, defined as parents' interactions with their children's education both inside and outside the home, was structured by English-dominant schooling environments. In Phoenix, parental involvement was uniquely shaped by a punitive immigration context at father's work and in children's schools. We discuss the implications of our findings on the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage and advance policy recommendations to support foreign- and U.S.-born children's educational success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Peck
- Transcendent Endeavors, a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) startup
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26
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The Psychology of Critical Consciousness among Immigrants: Reflection and Activism Responding to Oppressive Immigration Policy. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 47:101433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Guillot-Wright S, Cherryhomes E, Wang L, Overcash M. Systems and subversion: a review of structural violence and im/migrant health. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 47:101431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Attachment, Loss, & Related Challenges in Migration. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 47:101406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schnarrs PW, Stone AL, Bond MA, Salcido R, Dorri AA, Nemeroff CB. Development and psychometric properties of the sexual and gender minority adverse childhood experiences (SGM-ACEs): Effect on sexual and gender minority adult mental health. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 127:105570. [PMID: 35231816 PMCID: PMC10732146 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has consistently shown a relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and poor mental health outcomes, and recent research shows that sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals are at increased risk for ACEs. Moreover, SGM individuals may experience unique ACEs. Increased risk for exposure to traditional and SGM-specific ACEs are related to heterosexism. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, establish the need for an SGM specific ACEs framework that accounts for exposure to heterosexism. Second, assess the psychometric properties of the SGM-ACEs scale. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data were collected using a multifaceted sampling strategy. In total, 1725 self-identified SGM Texans completed an online survey about ACEs, SGM-ACEs, mental health diagnoses, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS The most commonly reported SGM-ACEs were seeing or hearing of other SGM being physical harmed (71.2%), being bullied in school for being SGM (67.9%), and hearing religious leaders say homophobic, biphobic, or transphobic things (60.8%). The EFA showed that 7-items loaded onto a single factor and the CFA indicated a good model fit, with items showing a significant factor loading higher than 0.60. SGM-ACE showed adequate to good psychometric properties and predicted depression (AOR = 1.49, CI = 1.20, 1.86), anxiety (AOR = 1.61, CI = 1.25, 2.00), and PTSD (AOR = 1.97, CI = 1.47, 2.66), when controlling for ACEs and demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS The 7-item SGM-ACEs measure is a psychometrically sound and unidimensional measure that can be quickly used to assess common adverse childhood experiences related to heterosexism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip W Schnarrs
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America.
| | - Amy L Stone
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Mark A Bond
- Texas Education Association, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Robert Salcido
- The Pride Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Armin A Dorri
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, School of Human Ecology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, United States of America
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
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30
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Andersson MA, Hitlin S. Subjective dignity and self-reported health: Results from the United States before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022; 2:100113. [PMID: 35572787 PMCID: PMC9077800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To describe disparities in depressive symptoms and self-rated health with a novel, individual-level measure of subjective dignity administered before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods National survey data were collected across the United States by the Gallup Organization in Spring (2017) (n = 1459) and again in Spring (2021) (n = 1244). Subjective dignity is measured by self-reported perceptions of dignity in one’s own life. Numerous demographic subgroups constructed across age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income, urbanicity, labor force status, and political background are used to test for robustness of dignity-health associations within and across years. Results All demographic subgroups studied reported numeric decreases in dignity from 2017 to 2021, with many of these decreases being both large and significant. With few group-year exceptions, subjective dignity relates to lower levels of depression and higher self-rated health, with dignity-depression associations significantly increasing from 2017 to 2021. Conclusions Dignity, as a pluralistic moral concept, is purported to anchor legal, human rights, and cultural discourses on justice, equity, and social inclusion. This study provides timely, original evidence that subjective appraisals of dignity should be considered as a public health indicator, especially across periods of societal unrest or adversity. Given groupwise robustness of dignity-health associations as documented here, subgroup determinants and lay definitions of dignity may merit closer attention.
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Pando C, Santaularia NJ, Erickson D, Lust K, Mason SM. Classes of lifetime adversities among emerging adult women by race/ethnicity and their associations with weight status in the United States. Prev Med 2022; 154:106880. [PMID: 34780852 PMCID: PMC8724443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examines the association of childhood and adolescent/adult adversities with obesity across four racial/ethnic groups among emerging adult women aged 18 to 25 (n = 9310). Latent class analysis was used to identify racial/ethnicity-specific classes arising from childhood and adolescent/adult adversity indicators in the 2015 and 2018 College Student Health Surveys (sampled from Minnesota, U.S.) Distal outcome procedure and Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars methods were used to assess each class's association with body mass index (BMI) and obesity probability. Models were adjusted for post-secondary school type and parental education. We identified 7 classes for White women, 4 classes for Asian and Latina women, and 5 classes for Black women. Weight distributions of Black and Latina women leaned towards "overweight", whereas White and Asian women's BMI leaned towards "normal weight." Latina and Black women had a wider BMI range (~5 kg/m2) between classes with the highest versus lowest BMI than White and Asian women (~3 kg/m2), suggesting a stronger association between adversities and BMI. For Asian, Black, and White women, the "Low Adversities" class had the lowest obesity prevalence, while the "High Lifetime Adversities" class had the highest prevalence. In contrast, Latina women had the lowest obesity prevalence in the "High Adolescent/Adult Adversities & Low Childhood Adversities" class, and highest prevalence in the "Household Mental Illness" class. Results indicate that racial/ethnic disparities in obesity-related measures are reduced when racial/ethnic groups experience low adversity. Future research should explore tailored adversity interventions that consider adversity exposure differences across race/ethnicity as a strategy for reducing obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Pando
- Division of Health Policy & Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - N Jeanie Santaularia
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Darin Erickson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Katherine Lust
- Boynton Health Service, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Susan M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Stark L, Seff I, Yu G, Salama M, Wessells M, Allaf C, Bennouna C. Correlates of Suicide Ideation and Resilience Among Native- and Foreign-Born Adolescents in the United States. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:91-98. [PMID: 34412951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nearly 20% of U.S. adolescents have considered suicide. Yet, gaps remain in understanding correlates of resilience and suicide risk, especially among populations born outside the United States who may face unique migration- and acculturation-related stressors. This study adds to the literature by exploring correlates of suicide ideation among a diverse population. METHODS This study analyzes quantitative data (N = 357) from the Study of Adolescent Lives after Migration to America, in Detroit and Harrisonburg. More than 40% of the sample was born outside the United States, with the majority born in the Middle East and North Africa. Path analysis was used to model dual outcomes of resilience and suicide ideation using measures of hope, school belonging, stressful life events, and being born outside the United States. RESULTS Suicide ideation and resilience were negatively correlated (ß = -.236[.069]; p < .001). Adolescents with greater hope (ß = .367; p < .001) and school belonging (ß = .407; p < .001) reported higher resilience, while lower levels of school belonging correlated with higher levels of suicide ideation (ß = -.248; p = .009). More stressful life events were associated with suicide ideation (ß = .243; p < .001), while fewer were correlated with resilience (ß = -.106; p = .003). Being born outside the United States was associated with suicide ideation (ß = .186; P-.015), with this finding driven by those from the Middle East and North Africa region, who faced significantly increased risk of suicide ideation (ß = .169; p = .036). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that adolescents born in the Middle East and North Africa region may represent a vulnerable group needing targeted and culturally responsive interventions to destigmatize mental health and psychosocial well-being, boost existing sources of resilience, and encourage help-seeking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Stark
- Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Ilana Seff
- Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gary Yu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Mariam Salama
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Wessells
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Cyril Bennouna
- Department of Political Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Barajas-Gonzalez RG, Ursache A, Kamboukos D, Huang KY, Dawson-McClure S, Urcuyo A, Huang TJJ, Brotman LM. Parental perceived immigration threat and children's mental health, self-regulation and executive functioning in pre-Kindergarten. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2021; 92:176-189. [PMID: 34968118 PMCID: PMC9132160 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many children in immigrant households endure unique stressors shaped by national, state, and local immigration policies and enforcement activity in the United States. Qualitative studies find that during times of heightened immigration enforcement, children as young as 3 years of age show signs of behavioral distress related to national anti-immigrant sentiment and the possibility of losing a parent. Using multiple sources of data from 168 racially and ethnically diverse families of children in pre-Kindergarten, the present study examined variability in perceived levels of immigration enforcement threat by parental immigrant status and ethnicity. This study examined associations between immigration enforcement threat and child mental health, self-regulation, and executive functioning and whether parent immigrant status or child gender moderates these associations. We found substantial variability in perceived immigration threat, with immigrant parents and Latinx parents reporting significantly greater levels of immigration threat compared to nonimmigrant parents and non-Latinx parents. Immigration enforcement threat was associated with greater child separation anxiety and overanxious behaviors, and lower self-regulation among boys and girls and among children of immigrant and U.S.-born parents. In contrast to our hypothesis, immigration enforcement threat was associated with higher self-regulation according to independent assessor ratings. Educators and healthcare providers working with young children from immigrant and Latinx households should be aware of the disproportionate stress experienced by immigrant and Latinx families due to a xenophobic sociopolitical climate marked by heightened immigration enforcement threat and racist, anti-immigrant rhetoric. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anya Urcuyo
- Center for Early Childhood Health and Development
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Patler C, Saadi A, Young MEDT, Franco K. Release from US immigration detention may improve physical and psychological stress and health: Results from a two-wave panel study in California. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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35
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Whitaker RC, Dearth-Wesley T, Herman AN, Block AE, Holderness MH, Waring NA, Oakes JM. The interaction of adverse childhood experiences and gender as risk factors for depression and anxiety disorders in US adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2078. [PMID: 34772386 PMCID: PMC8590371 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and being female are distinct risk factors for having a major depressive episode (MDE) or an anxiety disorder (AD) in adulthood, but it is unclear whether these two risk factors are synergistic. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exposure to ACEs and being female are more than additive (synergistic) in their association with MDE and AD in US adults. METHODS We pooled cross-sectional survey data in the Midlife in the United States study from two nationally-representative cohorts of English-speaking US adults. Data from the first cohort were collected in 2004-2006 and from the second in 2011-2014. Data from both cohorts included the 12-month prevalence of MDE and AD (generalized anxiety disorder or panic disorder) assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form, gender (here termed female and male), and the count of five categories of exposure to ACEs: physical, sexual, or emotional abuse; household alcohol or substance abuse; and parental separation or divorce. RESULTS Of the 5834 survey respondents, 4344 (74.5%) with complete data on ACEs were included in the analysis. Mean (SD) age was 54.1 (13.8) years and 53.9% were female. The prevalences of MDE, AD, and exposure to 3-5 categories of ACEs were 13.7, 10.0, and 12.5%, respectively. After adjusting for covariates (age, race, and current and childhood socioeconomic disadvantage), for those with both risk factors (female and 3-5 ACEs) the prevalence of MDE was 26.9%. This was 10.2% (95% CI: 1.8, 18.5%) higher than the expected prevalence based on the additive associations of the two risk factors. The adjusted prevalence of AD among females with 3-5 ACEs was 21.9%, which was 11.4% (95% CI: 4.0, 18.9%) higher than the expected prevalence. CONCLUSIONS For both MDE and AD, there was synergy between the two risk factors of exposure to ACEs and being female. Identification and treatment of MDE and AD may benefit from understanding the mechanisms involved in the synergistic interaction of gender with ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Whitaker
- Columbia-Bassett Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Columbia-Bassett Program, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA. .,Bassett Research Institute, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Tracy Dearth-Wesley
- Columbia-Bassett Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia-Bassett Program, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA.,Bassett Research Institute, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | - Allison N Herman
- Columbia-Bassett Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia-Bassett Program, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA.,Bassett Research Institute, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | - Amy E Block
- Columbia-Bassett Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia-Bassett Program, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA.,Bassett Research Institute, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | - Mary Howard Holderness
- Columbia-Bassett Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia-Bassett Program, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA.,Bassett Research Institute, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas A Waring
- Columbia-Bassett Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia-Bassett Program, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA.,Bassett Research Institute, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | - J Michael Oakes
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Rabin J, Lawlace M, Zhen-Duan J, Nuñez M, Jacquez F. A social interaction learning model approach to understand adverse childhood experiences and drug use among Latinx youth. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2021:1-15. [PMID: 34597244 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2021.1982804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Latinx youth, members of an ethnic minority group growing faster than the national growth rate, are at increased risk of experiencing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) but it remains unclear how ACEs relate to externalizing behaviors, such as substance use and behaviors leading to injury and violence, in this population. In a sample of 100 Latinx youth, the current study examined how ACEs related to drug use and behaviors leading to injury and violence. Exposure to ACEs was associated with increased drug use, and that association was significantly moderated by behaviors leading to injury and violence for Latina adolescents. Given these findings, more attention needs to be diverted to screening for ACEs and externalizing behaviors in Latina girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rabin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Margaret Lawlace
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jenny Zhen-Duan
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Miguel Nuñez
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Farrah Jacquez
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
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