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Chen CF, Weaver J, Schofield T. Neighborhood selection by parent personality, depression, and coparent support: A two-study replication. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2024; 38:721-731. [PMID: 38059970 PMCID: PMC11156791 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the degree to which three selection factors (parent personality, depression, and coparent support) drive movement into neighborhoods and predict changes in youth externalizing behavior. Two studies followed children from birth to age 15 (N = 1,364 for Study 1; N = 4,898 for Study 2). Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, family income, and youth externalizing behavior were consistently and significantly correlated cross sectionally and longitudinally. Selection factors predicted changes in youth externalizing behavior. Higher family income, mother agreeableness, and perceived support from a coparent predicted movement over time into less disadvantaged neighborhoods. Lower levels of mother impulsivity, neuroticism, and depression also predicted movement over time into less disadvantaged neighborhoods. Neighborhood disadvantage did not predict change in youth externalizing behavior when any of the above selection factors were included in the model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Feng Chen
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Jennifer Weaver
- Department of Psychological Science, Boise State University, 1910 W University Dr, Boise, ID 83725
| | - Thomas Schofield
- Corresponding author. Los Angeles County Department of Probation, 9150 E. Imperial Hwy. Downey CA 90242. Phone: (530) 601-1744,
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2
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Khan JR, Lingam R, Owens L, Chen K, Shanthikumar S, Oo S, Schultz A, Widger J, Bakar KS, Jaffe A, Homaira N. Social deprivation and spatial clustering of childhood asthma in Australia. Glob Health Res Policy 2024; 9:22. [PMID: 38910250 PMCID: PMC11194868 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-024-00361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory illness among children in Australia. While childhood asthma prevalence varies by region, little is known about variations at the small geographic area level. Identifying small geographic area variations in asthma is critical for highlighting hotspots for targeted interventions. This study aimed to investigate small area-level variation, spatial clustering, and sociodemographic risk factors associated with childhood asthma prevalence in Australia. METHODS Data on self-reported (by parent/carer) asthma prevalence in children aged 0-14 years at statistical area level 2 (SA2, small geographic area) and selected sociodemographic features were extracted from the national Australian Household and Population Census 2021. A spatial cluster analysis was used to detect hotspots (i.e., areas and their neighbours with higher asthma prevalence than the entire study area average) of asthma prevalence. We also used a spatial Bayesian Poisson model to examine the relationship between sociodemographic features and asthma prevalence. All analyses were performed at the SA2 level. RESULTS Data were analysed from 4,621,716 children aged 0-14 years from 2,321 SA2s across the whole country. Overall, children's asthma prevalence was 6.27%, ranging from 0 to 16.5%, with significant hotspots of asthma prevalence in areas of greater socioeconomic disadvantage. Socioeconomically disadvantaged areas had significantly higher asthma prevalence than advantaged areas (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.10, 95% credible interval [CrI] 1.06-1.14). Higher asthma prevalence was observed in areas with a higher proportion of Indigenous individuals (PR = 1.13, 95% CrI 1.10-1.17). CONCLUSIONS We identified significant geographic variation in asthma prevalence and sociodemographic predictors associated with the variation, which may help in designing targeted asthma management strategies and considerations for service enhancement for children in socially deprived areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahidur Rahman Khan
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
| | - Raghu Lingam
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Louisa Owens
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Chen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shivanthan Shanthikumar
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve Oo
- Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andre Schultz
- Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John Widger
- Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - K Shuvo Bakar
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Nusrat Homaira
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Patel RS, Walker T, Weber ZT, Kelley SD, Hansen R. A pilot study using geospatial analysis to identify hot-spot of populations utilizing services at university based counseling centers. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1280-1285. [PMID: 32721188 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1798970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Our pilot study tests whether university counseling centers (UCC) can apply the concept of cluster analysis, and geospatial analysis to identify clusters of "hot spots". Participants: Study participants were university students who received services from a large mid-western UCC between August 2015 and July 2016. The study was approved by the University's Institutional Review Board (IRB). Data collected include demographics, address, educational level and declared major. Methods: Data analysis, conducted using SYSTAT 13.1, IBM SPSS Statistics, ArcGIS Desktop and 10.2, ArcOnline, Microsoft excel to clean and analyze demographic data. Analysis included optimized cluster analysis with a p-value < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: 927 participants, average age was 21.6. We identified "hotspots" using cluster analysis based on age, address, and country of origin. Conclusions: Our study shows that UCCs can apply cluster analysis, and geospatial analysis to identify clusters of "hot spots" to target risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Patel
- Counseling and Consultation Service, Office of Student Life, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tanesha Walker
- Department of Counselor Education, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Zachary T Weber
- College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah D Kelley
- School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, Ohio University, Dublin, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan Hansen
- Counseling and Consultation Service, Office of Student Life, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Rodrigues P, Hébert M, Philibert M. Associations between neighborhood characteristics and dating violence: does spatial scale matter? Int J Health Geogr 2022; 21:6. [PMID: 35725471 PMCID: PMC9210619 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-022-00306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dating violence (DV) is a public health problem that could have serious repercussions for the health and well-being of a large number of adolescents. Several neighborhood characteristics could influence these behaviors, but knowledge on such influences is still limited. This study aims at (1) evaluating the associations between neighborhood characteristics and DV, and (2) assessing how spatial scale influences the estimations of the latter associations. Methods The Québec Health Survey of High School Students (2016–2017) was used to describe DV. Neighborhoods were operationalized with polygon-based network buffers of varying sizes (ranging from 250 to 1000 m). Multiple data sources were used to describe neighborhood characteristics: crime rate, alcohol outlet density (on-premises and off-premises), walkability, greenness, green spaces density, and youth organizations density. Gendered-stratified logistic regressions were used for assessing the association between neighborhood characteristics and DV. Results For boys, off-premises alcohol outlet density (500 m) is associated with an increase in perpetrating psychological DV. Crime rate (500 m) is positively associated with physical or sexual DV perpetration, and crime rate (250 m) is positively associated with physical or sexual DV victimization. Greenness (1000 m) has a protective effect on psychological DV victimization. For girls, walkability (500 m to 1000 m) is associated with a decrease in perpetrating and experiencing psychological DV, and walkability (250 m) is negatively associated with physical or sexual DV victimization. Conclusions Several neighborhood characteristics are likely to influence DV, and their effects depend on the form of DV, gender, and spatial scale. Public policies should develop neighborhood-level interventions by improving neighborhood living conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12942-022-00306-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rodrigues
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Case postale 8888, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Martine Hébert
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Case postale 8888, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Mathieu Philibert
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Case postale 8888, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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How Does Urban Green Space Impact Residents' Mental Health: A Literature Review of Mediators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211746. [PMID: 34831512 PMCID: PMC8621109 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the interest in the relationship between urban green space and residents’ mental health has gradually risen. A number of researchers have investigated the causal relationship and possible mediators between the two, although few have summarized these mediators. For this reason, we searched for relevant studies and filtered them by criteria and quality score, and analyzed the mediators and paths of the impact of urban green space on residents’ mental health. The mediators can be divided into environmental factors, outdoor activity, and social cohesion. From the perspective of heterogeneity, both individual characteristics (e.g., age and gender) and group characteristics (e.g., level of urban development and urban density) of residents are considered to be the cause of various mediating effects. Types of urban green space tend to affect residents’ mental health through different paths. Furthermore, this review discusses the details of each part under the influence paths. Finally, the policy implications for urban green space planning from three mediator levels are put forward based on an analysis of the situation in different countries.
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Fleckney P, Bentley R. The urban public realm and adolescent mental health and wellbeing: A systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2021; 284:114242. [PMID: 34333404 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent mental health is becoming a critical concern. Mental illness rates are rising and many psychological disorders first present symptoms during teenage years. Studies consistently show associations between the built environment and mental health, including internalising mental health disorders in adults, but the evidence for adolescents is less robust and few studies attempt to isolate causality. This review examines the relationship between the urban public realm and adolescent mental health and wellbeing. Our search yielded 24 studies for inclusion. We undertook qualitative synthesis of 20 cross-sectional studies and conducted a separate quality analysis of four longitudinal studies. Greenspace and neighbourhood quality are associated with adolescent mental health and wellbeing although this may be due more to residual confounding, selection effects and same-source bias than evidence for a causal effect. Furthermore, the few longitudinal studies that seek to test causality remain prone to these biases. Overall, we find little evidence of an effect of the urban public realm on adolescent mental health and wellbeing, which, we argue, reflects the difficulty of researching complex pathways between environments and health and highlights a challenge to the field. To address this challenge, we propose a research agenda that prioritises more and better data drawn from diverse study designs, and more and better theories developed from diverse epistemologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fleckney
- Melbourne School of Design, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, University of Melbourne, Masson Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Bentley
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Healthy Housing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Park SY, Kim M, Chung S. Age-friendly environments and depressive symptoms among Korean adults: The mediating effects of loneliness. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:1060-1070. [PMID: 32321293 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1755827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined (1) group differences with regard to age-friendly environments (AFE), loneliness, and depressive symptoms among younger, middle-aged, and older Korean adults; (2) the relationship of AFE to loneliness and depressive symptoms; and (3) the mediating effect of loneliness on the relationship between AFE and depressive symptoms among three Korean adult groups. METHOD We used a cross-sectional survey design featuring multistage quota sampling. Study participants were 1,017 Korean adults aged 18 years or older. Multi-group structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. RESULTS Statistically significant age group differences were found in the mean values of loneliness and depressive symptoms, but no significant age group differences in the mean values of AFE were observed. Older adults showed a significant relationship between AFE and loneliness, while their younger counterparts demonstrated a significant relationship between AFE and depressive symptoms. The mediating effect of loneliness on the association between AFE and depressive symptoms was found only for the older age group. CONCLUSION The results of the study contribute to the existing understanding of AFE and mental health among Korean adults, while providing service providers and policy makers with fundamental background information on alleviating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Park
- Ewha Institute for Age Integration Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soondool Chung
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Khan JR, Carroll SJ, Warner-Smith M, Roder D, Daniel M. Residential area and screening venue location features associated with spatial variation in breast cancer screening invitation response rates: an observational study in Greater Sydney, Australia. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043853. [PMID: 33858869 PMCID: PMC8054194 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Participation in breast cancer screening (BCS) varies at the small-area level, which may reflect environmental influences. This study assessed small-area variation in BCS invitation response rates (IRRs) and associations between small-area BCS IRR, sociodemographic factors, BCS venue distance and venue location features in Greater Sydney, Australia. METHODS BCS IRR data for 2011-2012 were compiled for 9528 Australian Bureau of Statistics Statistical Area Level 1 (SA1) units (n=227 474 women). A geographial information system was used to extract SA1-level sociodemographic features (proportions of women speaking English at home, full-time employed and university educated, and proportion of dwellings with motor vehicles), SA1-level distance to closest venue(s) (expressed as quartiles), and closest venue(s) colocated with bus stops, train station, hospital, general practitioner and shops. Associations between area-level features, BCS venue distance, venue location features and IRR were estimated using ordinary least square-type spatial lag models including area education as a covariate. RESULTS BCS IRR varied across SA1s (mean=59.8%, range: 0%-100%), with notable spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I=0.803). BCS IRR was positively associated with greater SA1-level proportion of women speaking English at home (β=2.283, 95% CI 2.024 to 2.543), women's education (in the model including speaking English at home β=0.454, 95% CI 0.211 to 0.697), dwellings with motor vehicles (β=1.836, 95% CI 1.594 to 2.078), greater distance to venue (eg, most distant quartile compared with closest: β=6.249, 95% CI 5.489 to 7.008), and BCS venue colocated with shops (β=0.762, 95% CI 0.273 to 1.251). Greater SA1-level women employment (β=-0.613, 95% CI -0.898 to -0.328) and venue colocated with train station (β=-1.889, 95% CI -2.376 to -1.402) or hospital (β=-0.677, 95% CI -1.164 to -0.189) were inversely related to BCS IRR. CONCLUSIONS Small-area variation in BCS IRR exists for Greater Sydney and is strongly related to sociodemographic factors that, together with BCS venue location features, could inform targeted attempts to improve IRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahidur Rahman Khan
- Australian Geospatial Health Laboratory, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Suzanne Jane Carroll
- Australian Geospatial Health Laboratory, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - David Roder
- School of Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cancer Institute NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Daniel
- Australian Geospatial Health Laboratory, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hirsch JA, Moore KA, Cahill J, Quinn J, Zhao Y, Bayer FJ, Rundle A, Lovasi GS. Business Data Categorization and Refinement for Application in Longitudinal Neighborhood Health Research: a Methodology. J Urban Health 2021; 98:271-284. [PMID: 33005987 PMCID: PMC8079597 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-020-00482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Retail environments, such as healthcare locations, food stores, and recreation facilities, may be relevant to many health behaviors and outcomes. However, minimal guidance on how to collect, process, aggregate, and link these data results in inconsistent or incomplete measurement that can introduce misclassification bias and limit replication of existing research. We describe the following steps to leverage business data for longitudinal neighborhood health research: re-geolocating establishment addresses, preliminary classification using standard industrial codes, systematic checks to refine classifications, incorporation and integration of complementary data sources, documentation of a flexible hierarchical classification system and variable naming conventions, and linking to neighborhoods and participant residences. We show results of this classification from a dataset of locations (over 77 million establishment locations) across the contiguous U.S. from 1990 to 2014. By incorporating complementary data sources, through manual spot checks in Google StreetView and word and name searches, we enhanced a basic classification using only standard industrial codes. Ultimately, providing these enhanced longitudinal data and supplying detailed methods for researchers to replicate our work promotes consistency, replicability, and new opportunities in neighborhood health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana A. Hirsch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, PA Philadelphia, USA
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Kari A. Moore
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jesse Cahill
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY USA
| | - James Quinn
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY USA
| | - Yuzhe Zhao
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Felicia J. Bayer
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Andrew Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY USA
| | - Gina S. Lovasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, PA Philadelphia, USA
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
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Buttazzoni A, Doherty S, Minaker L. How Do Urban Environments Affect Young People's Mental Health? A Novel Conceptual Framework to Bridge Public Health, Planning, and Neurourbanism. Public Health Rep 2021; 137:48-61. [PMID: 33563094 PMCID: PMC8721758 DOI: 10.1177/0033354920982088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are crucial periods for mental and social development. Currently, mental illness among young people is a global epidemic, and rates of disorders such as depression and anxiety are rising. Urban living, compared with rural living, is linked with a higher risk of serious mental illness, which is important because the world is urbanizing faster than ever before. Urban environments and their landscapes, designs, and features influence mental health and well-being. However, no conceptual frameworks to date have detailed the effect of urban environments on young people's mental health, and few studies have considered the growing role of digital and social media in this relationship, leading to calls for the development of holistic approaches to describe this relationship. This article synthesizes existing knowledge on urban places (both built and natural environments) and mental health in the public health and urban planning literature and examines the emerging field of neurourbanism (a multidisciplinary study of the effect of urban environments on mental health and brain activity) to enhance current practice and research. We developed 2 novel conceptual frameworks (1 research-oriented, 1 practice-oriented), adapted from Bronfenbrenner's socioecological model, that focus on the relationship between urban environments and young people's mental health. We added a digital and social media contextual level to the socioecological model, and we applied a multilayer concept to highlight potential cross-field interactions and collaborations. The proposed frameworks can help to guide future practice and research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Buttazzoni
- School of Planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada,Geographies of Health in Place, Planning, and Public Health Lab, Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada,Adrian Buttazzoni, MSc, University of Waterloo, School of Planning, Faculty of Environment, 200 University Ave W, Environment Building 3, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Sean Doherty
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Arts, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leia Minaker
- School of Planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada,Geographies of Health in Place, Planning, and Public Health Lab, Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada,School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Tao Y, Yang J, Chai Y. The Anatomy of Health-Supportive Neighborhoods: A Multilevel Analysis of Built Environment, Perceived Disorder, Social Interaction and Mental Health in Beijing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010013. [PMID: 31861358 PMCID: PMC6981470 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mental health is an exceedingly prevalent concern for the urban population. Mounting evidence has confirmed the plausibility of high incidences of mental disorders in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. However, the association between the neighborhood built environment and individual mental health is understudied and far from conclusive, especially in developing countries such as China. The underlying mechanism requires in-depth analysis combining potential intermediates such as perceived environmental disorder and supportive social relationships. Using a health survey conducted in Beijing in 2017, this study investigates for the first time a socio-environmental pathway through which perceived disorder and social interaction account for the relationship between the built environment and mental health under the very notion of the neighborhood effect. The results from multilevel structural equation models indicate that individual mental health is influenced by the neighborhood-scale built environment through three pathways, independent of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantages: (1) proximity to parks is the sole indicator directly linked to mental health; (2) population density, road connectivity and proximity to parks are indirectly associated with mental health through interactions with neighbors; and (3) population density, road connectivity and facility diversity are partially associated with perceived neighborhood disorder, which is indirectly correlated with mental health through interactions with neighbors. This study is a preliminary attempt to disentangle the complex relationships among the neighborhood environment, social interaction and mental health in the context of developing megacities. The relevant findings provide an important reference for urban planners and administrators regarding how to build health-supportive neighborhoods and healthy cities.
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12
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Sumetsky N, Burke JG, Mair C. Opioid-related diagnoses and HIV, HCV and mental disorders: using Pennsylvania hospitalisation data to assess community-level relationships over space and time. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019; 73:935-940. [PMID: 31266767 PMCID: PMC6910647 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-212551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the community-level spatiotemporal connexions between hospitalisations for common opioid comorbidities (HIV, hepatitis C (HCV) and mental disorders) and opioid-related hospitalisations in the current and previous year. METHODS We used Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal Poisson regression with conditionally autoregressive spatial effects to assess counts of HCV-related, HIV-related and mental disorder-related hospitalisations at the ZIP code level from 2004 to 2014 in Pennsylvania. Models included rates of current-year and previous-year opioid-related hospitalisations as well as covariates measuring demographic and environmental characteristics. RESULTS After adjusting for measures of demographic and environmental characteristics, current-year and previous-year opioid-related hospitalisations were associated with higher risk of HCV, HIV and mental disorders. The relative risks and 95% credible intervals for previous-year opioid-related hospitalisations were 1.092 (1.078 to 1.106) for HCV, 1.098 (1.068 to 1.126) for HIV and 1.020 (1.013 to 1.027) for mental disorders. CONCLUSION Previous-year opioid-related hospitalisations are connected to common comorbid conditions such as HCV, HIV and mental disorders, illustrating some of the broader health-related impacts of the opioid epidemic. Public health interventions focused on the opioid epidemic must consider individual community needs and comorbid diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Sumetsky
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica G Burke
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina Mair
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Helbich M. Dy namic Urban Environmental Exposures on Depression and Suicide (NEEDS) in the Netherlands: a protocol for a cross-sectional smartphone tracking study and a longitudinal population register study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030075. [PMID: 31401609 PMCID: PMC6701679 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental exposures are intertwined with mental health outcomes. People are exposed to the environments in which they currently live, and to a multitude of environments along their daily movements and through their residential relocations. However, most research assumes that people are immobile, disregarding that such dynamic exposures also serve as stressors or buffers potentially associated with depression and suicide risk. The aim of the Dynamic Urban Environmental Exposures on Depression and Suicide (NEEDS) study is to examine how dynamic environmental exposures along people's daily movements and over their residential histories affect depression and suicide mortality in the Netherlands. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The research design comprises two studies emphasising the temporality of exposures. First, a cross-sectional study is assessing how daily exposures correlate with depression. A nationally representative survey was administered to participants recruited through stratified random sampling of the population aged 18-65 years. Survey data were enriched with smartphone-based data (eg, Global Positioning System tracking, Bluetooth sensing, social media usage, communication patterns) and environmental exposures (eg, green and blue spaces, noise, air pollution). Second, a longitudinal population register study is addressing the extent to which past environmental exposures over people's residential history affect suicide risk later in life. Statistical and machine learning-based models are being developed to quantify environment-health relations. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval (FETC17-060) was granted by the Ethics Review Board of Utrecht University, The Netherlands. Project-related findings will be disseminated at conferences and in peer-reviewed journal papers. Other project outcomes will be made available through the project's web page, http://www.needs.sites.uu.nl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Helbich
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Spatial Modeling of Depression and Its Related Factors Using a Spatial Generalized Linear Mixed Model in Mashhad, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/semj.87532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Valson JS, Kutty VR. Gender differences in the relationship between built environment and non-communicable diseases: A systematic review. J Public Health Res 2018; 7:1239. [PMID: 29780764 PMCID: PMC5941255 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2018.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases are on the rise globally. Risk factors of non-communicable diseases continue to be a growing concern in both developed and developing countries. With significant rise in population and establishment of buildings, rapid changes have taken place in the built environment. Relationship between health and place, particularly with non-communicable diseases has been established in previous literature. This systematic review assesses the current evidence on influence of gender in the relationship between built environment and non-communicable diseases. A systematic literature search using PubMed was done to identify all studies that reported relationship between gender and built environment. All titles and abstracts were scrutinised to include only articles based on risk factors, prevention, treatment and outcome of non-communicable diseases. The Gender Analysis Matrix developed by the World Health Organization was used to describe the findings of gender differences. Sex differences, biological susceptibility, gender norms/ values, roles and activities related to gender and access to/control over resources were themes for the differences in the relationship. A total of 15 out of 214 articles met the inclusion criteria. Majority of the studies were on risk factors of non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Gender differences in physical access to recreational facilities, neighbourhood perceptions of safety and walkability have been documented. Men and women showed differential preferences to walking, engaging in physical activity and in perceiving safety of the neighbourhood. Girls and boys showed differences in play activities at school and in their own neighbourhood environment. Safety from crime and safety from traffic were also perceived important to engage in physical activity. Gender norms and gender roles and activities have shown basis for the differences in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Sparse evidence was found on how built environment affects health seeking behaviour, preventive options or experience with health providers. Though yet unexplored in the developing or low/middle income countries, there seems to be a major role in the gendered perception of how men and women are affected by noncommunicable diseases. Large gaps still exist in the research evidence on gender-based differences in non-communicable diseases and built environment relationship. Future research directions could bring out underpinnings of how perceived and objective built environment could largely affect the health behaviour of men and women across the globe. Significance for public health Tackling non-communicable diseases is a major hurdle for majority of the countries worldwide. Varied built environmental conditions and facilities bear differing influences on both men and women. Women in particular face difficulties more than men in access and control over resources to deal with non-communicable disease conditions. This paper tries to bring out the differences from published literature. Moreover, this paper has attempted to review articles which have delved beyond sex differences and included other axes. The Gender Analysis Matrix developed by WHO was incorporated in this paper to aid in categorising and delineating these differences. These results would be fundamental in further primary research and help in policy and planning of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sara Valson
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - V Raman Kutty
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Pun VC, Manjourides J, Suh HH. Association of neighborhood greenness with self-perceived stress, depression and anxiety symptoms in older U.S adults. Environ Health 2018; 17:39. [PMID: 29661194 PMCID: PMC5902952 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhood environment, such as green vegetation, has been shown to play a role in coping with stress and mental ill health. Yet, epidemiological evidence of the association between greenness and mental health is inconsistent. METHODS We examined whether living in green space is associated with self-perceived stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms in a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of community-dwelling older adults (N = 4118; aged 57-85 years) in the United States. We evaluated perceived stress, depression and anxiety symptoms using the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - anxiety subscale, respectively. Greenness was assessed for each participant using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index at 250-m resolution, as well as a buffer of 1000-m. We conducted longitudinal analyses to assess the associations between greenness and mental health upon adjusting for confounders (e.g., education), and to examine potential mediation and effect modification. RESULTS An interquartile range (0.25 point) increase in contemporaneous greenness was significantly associated with 0.238 unit (95% CI: - 0.346, - 0.130) and 0.162 unit (95% CI: - 0.271, - 0.054) decrease in the perceived stress in base and multivariable models, respectively. The magnitude of the association was similar or even stronger when examining summer (- 0.161; 95% CI: - 0.295, - 0.027) and annual average of greenness (- 0.188; 95% CI: - 0.337, - 0.038), as well as greenness buffer of 1000-m. The greenness-stress association was partially mediated by physical activity (15.1% mediated), where increased greenness led to increased physical activity and less stress, and by history of respiratory diseases (- 3.8% mediated), where increased greenness led to increased respiratory disease and more stress. The association was also significantly modified by race, social support, physical function, socioeconomic status, and region. While greenness was not significantly associated with anxiety and depressive scores across all participants, significant inverse associations were found for Whites participants, and for individuals with higher socioeconomic status, who were physically active, as compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION We found a direct association of greenness with perceived stress among older adults, and an indirect association mediated through physical activity and respiratory disease history. Our study findings warrant further examination of the mediation and modification of the greenness-mental health association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian C. Pun
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Manjourides
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Helen H. Suh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02153 USA
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Gascon M, Sánchez-Benavides G, Dadvand P, Martínez D, Gramunt N, Gotsens X, Cirach M, Vert C, Molinuevo JL, Crous-Bou M, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Long-term exposure to residential green and blue spaces and anxiety and depression in adults: A cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:231-239. [PMID: 29358115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although exposure to natural outdoor environments has been consistently associated with improved perceived general health, available evidence on a protective association between this exposure and specific mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety is still limited. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to residential green and blue spaces on anxiety and depression and intake of related medication. Additionally, we aimed to explore potential mediators and effect modifiers of this association. METHODS The study was based on an existing adult cohort (ALFA - Alzheimer and Families) and includes 958 adult participants from Barcelona recruited in 2013-2014. For each participant residential green and blue exposure indicators [surrounding greenness (NDVI), amount of green (land-cover) and access to major green spaces and blue spaces] were generated for different buffers (100m, 300m and 500m). Participants reported their history of doctor-diagnosed anxiety and depressive disorders and intake of related medication. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the corresponding associations. RESULTS Increasing surrounding greenness was associated with reduced odds of self-reported history of benzodiazepines [e.g. Odds ratio - OR (95%CI) = 0.62 (0.43, 0.89) for 1-interquartile range (IQR) increase in NDVI in a 300m buffer] and access to major green spaces was associated with self-reported history of depression [OR (95%CI) = 0.18 (0.06, 0.58)]. No statistically significant associations were observed with blue spaces. Air pollution (between 0.8% and 29.6%) and noise (between 2.2% and 5.3%) mediated a proportion of the associations observed, whereas physical activity and social support played a minor role. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a potential protective role of green spaces on mental health (depression and anxiety) in adults, but further studies, especially longitudinal studies, are needed to provide further evidence of these benefits and of the mediation role of exposures like air pollution and noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Gascon
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center - Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Martínez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Gramunt
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center - Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Gotsens
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center - Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cirach
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Vert
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center - Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Crous-Bou
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center - Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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Rautio N, Filatova S, Lehtiniemi H, Miettunen J. Living environment and its relationship to depressive mood: A systematic review. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2018; 64:92-103. [PMID: 29212385 DOI: 10.1177/0020764017744582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The notion that environment affects mental health has a long history; in this systematic review, we aimed to study whether the living environment is related to depressive mood. METHODS We searched databases of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for population-based original studies prior to October 2016. We included studies that measured depressive symptoms or depression and had measures of urbanization, population density, aesthetics of living environment, house/built environment, green areas, walkability, noise, air pollution or services. RESULTS Out of 1,578 articles found, 44 studies met our inclusion criteria. Manual searches of the references yielded 13 articles, resulting in 57 articles being included in the systematic review. Most of the studies showed statistically significant associations with at least one of the characteristics of living environment and depressive mood. House and built environment with, for example, poor housing quality and non-functioning, lack of green areas, noise and air pollution were more clearly related to depressive mood even after adjustment for different individual characteristics. On the contrary, the results in relation to population density, aesthetics and walkability of living environment, and availability of services and depressive mood were more inconsistent. CONCLUSION Adverse house/built environment, including poor housing quality and non-functioning, lack of green spaces, noise and air pollution are related to depressive mood and should be taken into account during planning in order to prevent depressive mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rautio
- 1 Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,2 Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,3 Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Svetlana Filatova
- 1 Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,3 Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Lehtiniemi
- 1 Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,3 Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- 1 Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,3 Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Helbich M. Toward dynamic urban environmental exposure assessments in mental health research. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:129-135. [PMID: 29136521 PMCID: PMC5773240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that mental disorders are affected by both personal characteristics and environmental exposures. The built, natural, and social environments can either contribute to or buffer against metal disorders. Environmental exposure assessments related to mental health typically rely on neighborhoods within which people currently live. In this article, I call into question such neighborhood-based exposure assessments at one point in time, because human life unfolds over space and across time. To circumvent inappropriate exposure assessments and to better grasp the etiologies of mental disease, I argue that people are exposed to multiple health-supporting and harmful exposures not only during their daily lives, but also over the course of their lives. This article aims to lay a theoretical foundation elucidating the impact of dynamic environmental exposures on mental health outcomes. I examine, first, the possibilities and challenges for mental health research to integrate people's environmental exposures along their daily paths and, second, how exposures over people's residential history might affect mental health later in life. To push the borders of scientific inquiries, I stress that only such mobility-based approaches facilitate an exploration of exposure duration, exposure sequences, and exposure accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Helbich
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Culyba AJ, Guo W, Branas CC, Miller E, Wiebe DJ. Comparing residence-based to actual path-based methods for defining adolescents' environmental exposures using granular spatial data. Health Place 2017; 49:39-49. [PMID: 29190517 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper uses data from a population-based case control study of daily activities and assault injury to examine residence-based versus actual path-based approaches to measuring environmental exposures that pose risks for violence among adolescents. Defining environmental exposures based on participant home address resulted in significant misclassification compared to gold standard daily travel path measures. Dividing participant daily travel paths into origin-destination segments, we explore a method for defining spatial counterfactuals by comparing actual trip path exposures to shortest potential trip path exposures. Spatial methods explored herein can be utilized in future research to more accurately quantify environmental exposures and associations with health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Culyba
- Craig-Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Wensheng Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Charles C Branas
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Oakland Medical Building, 3420 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Douglas J Wiebe
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Tamura K, Duncan DT, Athens JK, Bragg MA, Rienti M, Aldstadt J, Scott MA, Elbel B. Geospatial clustering in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Boston youth. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 68:719-725. [PMID: 28095725 PMCID: PMC10809269 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1276519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to detect geospatial clustering of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in Boston adolescents (age = 16.3 ± 1.3 years [range: 13-19]; female = 56.1%; White = 10.4%, Black = 42.6%, Hispanics = 32.4%, and others = 14.6%) using spatial scan statistics. We used data on self-reported SSB intake from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey Geospatial Dataset (n = 1292). Two binary variables were created: consumption of SSB (never versus any) on (1) soda and (2) other sugary drinks (e.g., lemonade). A Bernoulli spatial scan statistic was used to identify geospatial clusters of soda and other sugary drinks in unadjusted models and models adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. There was no statistically significant clustering of soda consumption in the unadjusted model. In contrast, a cluster of non-soda SSB consumption emerged in the middle of Boston (relative risk = 1.20, p = .005), indicating that adolescents within the cluster had a 20% higher probability of reporting non-soda SSB intake than outside the cluster. The cluster was no longer significant in the adjusted model, suggesting spatial variation in non-soda SSB drink intake correlates with the geographic distribution of students by race/ethnicity, age, and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Tamura
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Dustin T. Duncan
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Jessica K. Athens
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Marie A. Bragg
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Michael Rienti
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jared Aldstadt
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Marc A. Scott
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY
- PRIISM Applied Statistics Center, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Brian Elbel
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
- Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, NY
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James P, Hart JE, Banay RF, Laden F, Signorello LB. Built Environment and Depression in Low-Income African Americans and Whites. Am J Prev Med 2017; 52:74-84. [PMID: 27720338 PMCID: PMC5167658 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urban environments are associated with a higher risk of adverse mental health outcomes; however, it is unclear which specific components of the urban environment drive these associations. METHODS Using data collected in 2002-2009 from 73,225 low-income, racially diverse individuals across the Southeastern U.S., analyses evaluated the cross-sectional relationship between a walkability index and depression. Walkability was calculated from population density, street connectivity, and destination count in the 1,200-meter area around participants' homes, and depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for depression symptomatology and questionnaire responses regarding doctor-diagnosed depression and antidepressant use. Data were analyzed in 2015. RESULTS Participants living in neighborhoods with the highest walkability index had 6% higher odds of moderate or greater depression symptoms (score ≥15, 95% CI=0.99, 1.14), 28% higher odds of doctor-diagnosed depression (95% CI=1.20, 1.36), and 16% higher odds of current antidepressant use (95% CI=1.08, 1.25), compared with those in the lowest walkability index. Higher walkability was associated with higher odds of depression symptoms in the most deprived neighborhoods only, whereas walkability was associated with lower odds of depression symptoms in the least deprived neighborhoods. CONCLUSIONS Living in a more walkable neighborhood was associated with modestly higher levels of doctor-diagnosed depression and antidepressant use, and walkability was associated with greater depression symptoms in neighborhoods with higher deprivation. Although dense urban environments may provide opportunities for physical activity, they may also increase exposure to noise, air pollution, and social stressors that could increase levels of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter James
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;.
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel F Banay
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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Lovasi GS, Mooney SJ, Muennig P, DiMaggio C. Cause and context: place-based approaches to investigate how environments affect mental health. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:1571-1579. [PMID: 27787585 PMCID: PMC5504914 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our surroundings affect our mood, our recovery from stress, our behavior, and, ultimately, our mental health. Understanding how our surroundings influence mental health is central to creating healthy cities. However, the traditional observational methods now dominant in the psychiatric epidemiology literature are not sufficient to advance such an understanding. In this essay we consider potential alternative strategies, such as randomizing people to places, randomizing places to change, or harnessing natural experiments that mimic randomized experiments. METHODS We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these methodological approaches with respect to (1) defining the most relevant scale and characteristics of context, (2) disentangling the effects of context from the effects of individuals' preferences and prior health, and (3) generalizing causal effects beyond the study setting. RESULTS Promising alternative strategies include creating many small-scale randomized place-based trials, using the deployment of place-based changes over time as natural experiments, and using fluctuations in the changes in our surroundings in combination with emerging data collection technologies to better understand how surroundings influence mood, behavior, and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Improving existing research strategies will require interdisciplinary partnerships between those specialized in mental health, those advancing new methods for place effects on health, and those who seek to optimize the design of local environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina S Lovasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Stephen J Mooney
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Peter Muennig
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - Charles DiMaggio
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
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Mayne SL, Auchincloss AH, Moore KA, Michael YL, Tabb LP, Echeverria SE, Diez Roux AV. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of neighbourhood social environment and smoking behaviour: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 71:396-403. [PMID: 27885050 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-207990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social features of neighbourhood environments may influence smoking by creating a stressful environment or by buffering stress through social cohesion. However, the association of the overall neighbourhood social environment (NSE) with smoking, and the association of specific neighbourhood social factors with change in smoking behaviour over time, has rarely been examined. METHODS This study included 5856 adults aged 45-84 years from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000-2012, average follow-up: 7.8 years). Outcomes included current smoking status and smoking intensity (average number of cigarettes smoked per day among baseline smokers). NSE was assessed as a composite score composed of aesthetic quality, safety and social cohesion scales (derived from neighbourhood surveys). Generalised linear mixed models evaluated the association of baseline NSE (composite score and individual scales) with current smoking (modified Poisson models) and smoking intensity (negative binomial models) cross-sectionally and longitudinally. RESULTS Each SD increase in baseline NSE composite score was associated with 13% lower prevalence of smoking at baseline (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 0.87 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.98). Neighbourhood safety and aesthetic quality were similarly associated with lower smoking prevalence (aPR 0.87 (0.78 to 0.97) and aPR 0.87 (0.77 to 0.99), respectively) but the association with social cohesion was weaker or null. No significant associations were observed for smoking intensity among baseline smokers. Baseline NSE was not associated with changes in smoking risk or intensity over time. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that neighbourhood social context influences whether older adults smoke, but does not promote smoking cessation or reduction over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Mayne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy H Auchincloss
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kari A Moore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yvonne L Michael
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Loni Philip Tabb
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandra E Echeverria
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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The Effects of the Urban Built Environment on Mental Health: A Cohort Study in a Large Northern Italian City. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:14898-915. [PMID: 26610540 PMCID: PMC4661687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121114898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mental health (MH) has a relevant burden on the health of populations. Common MH disorders (anxiety and non-psychotic depression) are well associated to socioeconomic individual and neighborhood characteristics, but little is known about the influence of urban structure. We analyzed among a Turin (Northwest Italy) urban population the association at area level of different urban structure characteristics (density, accessibility by public transport, accessibility to services, green and public spaces) and consumption of antidepressants. Estimates were adjusted by individual socio-demographic variables (education, housing tenure, employment) and contextual social environment (SE) variables (social and physical disorder, crime rates). Data was extracted from the Turin Longitudinal Study (TLS)-a census-based cohort study following up prospectively the mortality and morbidity of the population. As expected, individual characteristics show the strongest association with antidepressant drug consumption, while among built environment (BE) indicators accessibility by public transport and urban density only are associated to MH, being slightly protective factors. Results from this study, in agreement with previous literature, suggest that BE has a stronger effect on MH for people who spend more time in the neighborhood. Therefore, this research suggests that good accessibility to public transport, as well as a dense urban structure (versus sprawl), could contribute to reduced risk of depression, especially for women and elderly, by increasing opportunities to move around and have an active social life.
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Blay SL, Schulz AJ, Mentz G. The Relationship of Built Environment to Health-Related Behaviors and Health Outcomes in Elderly Community Residents in a Middle Income Country. J Public Health Res 2015; 4:548. [PMID: 26425497 PMCID: PMC4568426 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2015.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have examined the impact of the built environment (BE) on health behaviours and health outcomes in middle income countries. This study examines associations between self-assessed characteristics of the home and neighbourhood environment and health-related behaviours and health outcomes in an elderly population in Brazil Design and methods In a community sample of 6963 community dwellers 60 years old and older living in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, associations between self-reported BE conditions and health behaviours and health outcomes were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate these associations while accounting for other relevant characteristics. Results We found significant positive associations between adverse BE conditions and pulmonary, urinary conditions, gastrointestinal, problems, headache and depression. There were mixed associations between adverse BE conditions and musculoskeletal and sensory conditions, inverse associations with metabolic disorders. and no associations with dermatologic problems and cancer. After accounting for health related behaviours, results suggest a modest association between adverse BE conditions and hypertension, with no significant associations with other indicators of cardiovascular conditions (heart problems, stroke, varicose veins). Conclusions The findings in this study suggest links between adverse conditions in the BE and health related behaviours in the hypothesized direction. Associations with the health conditions examined here are mixed. We find the strongest evidence for effects of adverse BE conditions for pulmonary and infectious conditions. Significant associations between the adverse BE indicators and health outcomes persist after accounting for health related behaviours, suggesting that BE conditions are linked to health pathways above and beyond the health related behaviours assessed in this study. Significance for public health The health outcomes for which we found most consistent evidence of associations with the built environment index (BEI) included respiratory conditions (bronchitis, pneumonia), urinary and renal conditions, gastrointestinal problems, headache, visual impairment and stroke. These health outcomes in the elderly may reflect exposures in the household environment associated with inadequate housing, such as mold, dust and damp. They may also be influenced by poor sanitary conditions, reflected in the absence of indoor plumbing and inadequate waste disposal facilities. Poor vision, headache and depression may all be associated with chronic exposure to poverty and stress, for which the measures of the household and neighborhood environmental conditions used in the BEI may be indicators. Assuring that the elderly in Brazil have access to adequate housing located in neighborhoods with access to basic sanitary conditions, water and lighting, will be increasingly important as the average age of Brazilians continues to increase, and increasing proportions of the population experience the adverse health effects associated with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio L Blay
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo , Brazi, MI, USA
| | - Amy J Schulz
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Graciela Mentz
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Mental health benefits of long-term exposure to residential green and blue spaces: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:4354-79. [PMID: 25913182 PMCID: PMC4410252 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120404354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many studies conducted during the last decade suggest the mental health benefits of green and blue spaces. We aimed to systematically review the available literature on the long-term mental health benefits of residential green and blue spaces by including studies that used standardized tools or objective measures of both the exposures and the outcomes of interest. We followed the PRISMA statement guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analysis. In total 28 studies were included in the systematic review. We found limited evidence for a causal relationship between surrounding greenness and mental health in adults, whereas the evidence was inadequate in children. The evidence was also inadequate for the other exposures evaluated (access to green spaces, quality of green spaces, and blue spaces) in both adults and children. The main limitation was the limited number of studies, together with the heterogeneity regarding exposure assessment. Given the increase in mental health problems and the current rapid urbanization worldwide, results of the present systematic review should be taken into account in future urban planning. However, further research is needed to provide more consistent evidence and more detailed information on the mechanisms and the characteristics of the green and blue spaces that promote better mental health. We provide recommendations for future studies in order to provide consistent and evidence-based recommendations for policy makers.
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Piccolo RS, Duncan DT, Pearce N, McKinlay JB. The role of neighborhood characteristics in racial/ethnic disparities in type 2 diabetes: results from the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey. Soc Sci Med 2015; 130:79-90. [PMID: 25687243 PMCID: PMC4735876 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are well documented and until recently, research has focused almost exclusively on individual-based determinants as potential contributors to these disparities (health behaviors, biological/genetic factors, and individual-level socio-demographics). Research on the role of neighborhood characteristics in relation to racial/ethnic disparities in T2DM is very limited. Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify and estimate the contribution of specific aspects of neighborhoods that may be associated with racial/ethnic disparities in T2DM. Data from the Boston Area Community Health III Survey (N = 2764) was used in this study, which is a community-based random-sample survey of adults in Boston, Massachusetts from three racial/ethnic groups (Black, Hispanic, and White). We applied two-level random intercepts logistic regression to assess the associations between race/ethnicity, neighborhood characteristics (census tract socioeconomic status, racial composition, property and violent crime, open space, geographic proximity to grocery stores, convenience stores, and fast food, and neighborhood disorder) and prevalent T2DM (fasting glucose > 125 mg/dL, HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, or self-report of a T2DM diagnosis). Black and Hispanic participants had 2.89 times and 1.48 times the odds of T2DM as White participants, respectively. Multilevel models indicated a significant between-neighborhood variance estimate of 0.943, providing evidence of neighborhood variation. Individual demographics (race/ethnicity, age and gender) explained 22.3% of the neighborhood variability in T2DM. The addition of neighborhood-level variables to the model had very little effect on the magnitude of the racial/ethnic disparities and on the between-neighborhood variability. For example, census tract poverty explained less than 1% and 6% of the excess odds of T2DM among Blacks and Hispanics and only 1.8% of the neighborhood variance in T2DM. While the findings of this study overall suggest that neighborhood factors are not a major contributor to racial/ethnic disparities in T2DM, further research is needed including data from other geographic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dustin T Duncan
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Neil Pearce
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
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Wu JY, Zhou YB, Li LH, Zheng SB, Liang S, Coatsworth A, Ren GH, Song XX, He Z, Cai B, You JB, Jiang QW. Identification of optimum scopes of environmental factors for snails using spatial analysis techniques in Dongting Lake Region, China. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:216. [PMID: 24886456 PMCID: PMC4025561 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the harmfulness and seriousness of Schistosomiasis japonica in China, the control and prevention of S. japonica transmission are imperative. As the unique intermediate host of this disease, Oncomelania hupensis plays an important role in the transmission. It has been reported that the snail population in Qiangliang Lake district, Dongting Lake Region has been naturally declining and is slowly becoming extinct. Considering the changes of environmental factors that may cause this phenomenon, we try to explore the relationship between circumstance elements and snails, and then search for the possible optimum scopes of environmental factors for snails. METHODS Moisture content of soil, pH, temperature of soil and elevation were collected by corresponding apparatus in the study sites. The LISA statistic and GWR model were used to analyze the association between factors and mean snail density, and the values in high-high clustered areas and low-low clustered areas were extracted to find out the possible optimum ranges of these elements for snails. RESULTS A total of 8,589 snail specimens were collected from 397 sampling sites in the study field. Besides the mean snail density, three environmental factors including water content, pH and temperature had high spatial autocorrelation. The spatial clustering suggested that the possible optimum scopes of moisture content, pH, temperature of the soil and elevation were 58.70 to 68.93%, 6.80 to 7.80, 22.73 to 24.23°C and 23.50 to 25.97 m, respectively. Moreover, the GWR model showed that the possible optimum ranges of these four factors were 36.58 to 61.08%, 6.541 to 6.89, 24.30 to 25.70°C and 23.50 to 29.44 m, respectively. CONCLUSION The results indicated the association between snails and environmental factors was not linear but U-shaped. Considering the results of two analysis methods, the possible optimum scopes of moisture content, pH, temperature of the soil and elevation were 58.70% to 68.93%, 6.6 to 7.0, 22.73°C to 24.23°C, and 23.5 m to 26.0 m, respectively. The findings in this research will help in making an effective strategy to control snails and provide a method to analyze other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yi Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Biao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin-Han Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheng-Bang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Song Liang
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ashley Coatsworth
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guang-Hui Ren
- Hunan station for Schistosomiasis Control, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, China
| | - Xiu-Xia Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhong He
- Junshan office of Leading Group for Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan province 414000, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Junshan station for Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan Province 414000, China
| | - Jia-Bian You
- Qianlianghu station for Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan Province 414000, China
| | - Qing-Wu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center for Tropical Disease Research, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Balint L, Dome P, Daroczi G, Gonda X, Rihmer Z. Investigation of the marked and long-standing spatial inhomogeneity of the Hungarian suicide rate: a spatial regression approach. J Affect Disord 2014; 155:180-5. [PMID: 24238954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last century Hungary had astonishingly high suicide rates characterized by marked regional within-country inequalities, a spatial pattern which has been quite stable over time. AIMS To explain the above phenomenon at the level of micro-regions (n=175) in the period between 2005 and 2011. METHODS Our dependent variable was the age and gender standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for suicide while explanatory variables were factors which are supposed to influence suicide risk, such as measures of religious and political integration, travel time accessibility of psychiatric services, alcohol consumption, unemployment and disability pensionery. When applying the ordinary least squared regression model, the residuals were found to be spatially autocorrelated, which indicates the violation of the assumption on the independence of error terms and - accordingly - the necessity of application of a spatial autoregressive (SAR) model to handle this problem. According to our calculations the SARlag model was a better way (versus the SARerr model) of addressing the problem of spatial autocorrelation, furthermore its substantive meaning is more convenient. RESULTS SMR was significantly associated with the "political integration" variable in a negative and with "lack of religious integration" and "disability pensionery" variables in a positive manner. Associations were not significant for the remaining explanatory variables. LIMITATIONS Several important psychiatric variables were not available at the level of micro-regions. We conducted our analysis on aggregate data. CONCLUSION Our results may draw attention to the relevance and abiding validity of the classic Durkheimian suicide risk factors - such as lack of social integration - apropos of the spatial pattern of Hungarian suicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Balint
- Demographic Research Institute of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Buday Laszlo u. 1-3, 1204 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Peter Dome
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Kutvolgyi ut 4, 1125 Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Laboratory for Suicide Research and Prevention, Lehel u. 59, 1135 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Daroczi
- Rapporter.net, Easystats Ltd., 145-157 St John Street, EC1V 4PW London, United Kingdom
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Kutvolgyi ut 4, 1125 Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Laboratory for Suicide Research and Prevention, Lehel u. 59, 1135 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Rihmer
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Kutvolgyi ut 4, 1125 Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Laboratory for Suicide Research and Prevention, Lehel u. 59, 1135 Budapest, Hungary
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Duncan DT, Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Aldstadt J, Melly SJ, Williams DR. Examination of how neighborhood definition influences measurements of youths' access to tobacco retailers: a methodological note on spatial misclassification. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 179:373-81. [PMID: 24148710 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurements of neighborhood exposures likely vary depending on the definition of "neighborhood" selected. This study examined the extent to which neighborhood definition influences findings regarding spatial accessibility to tobacco retailers among youth. We defined spatial accessibility to tobacco retailers (i.e., tobacco retail density, closest tobacco retailer, and average distance to the closest 5 tobacco retailers) on the basis of circular and network buffers of 400 m and 800 m, census block groups, and census tracts by using residential addresses from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey Geospatial Dataset (n = 1,292). Friedman tests (to compare overall differences in neighborhood definitions) were applied. There were differences in measurements of youths' access to tobacco retailers according to the selected neighborhood definitions, and these were marked for the 2 spatial proximity measures (both P < 0.01 for all differences). For example, the median average distance to the closest 5 tobacco retailers was 381.50 m when using specific home addresses, 414.00 m when using census block groups, and 482.50 m when using census tracts, illustrating how neighborhood definition influences the measurement of spatial accessibility to tobacco retailers. These analyses suggest that, whenever possible, egocentric neighborhood definitions should be used. The use of larger administrative neighborhood definitions can bias exposure estimates for proximity measures.
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