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Kim JT, Song K, Han SW, Youn DH, Jung H, Kim KS, Lee HJ, Hong JY, Cho YJ, Kang SM, Jeon JP. Modeling of the brain-lung axis using organoids in traumatic brain injury: an updated review. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:83. [PMID: 38909262 PMCID: PMC11193205 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is closely associated conditions of other organs, especially lungs as well as degree of brain injury. Even if there is no direct lung damage, severe brain injury can enhance sympathetic tones on blood vessels and vascular resistance, resulting in neurogenic pulmonary edema. Conversely, lung damage can worsen brain damage by dysregulating immunity. These findings suggest the importance of brain-lung axis interactions in TBI. However, little research has been conducted on the topic. An advanced disease model using stem cell technology may be an alternative for investigating the brain and lungs simultaneously but separately, as they can be potential candidates for improving the clinical outcomes of TBI.In this review, we describe the importance of brain-lung axis interactions in TBI by focusing on the concepts and reproducibility of brain and lung organoids in vitro. We also summarize recent research using pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids and their preclinical applications in various brain disease conditions and explore how they mimic the brain-lung axis. Reviewing the current status and discussing the limitations and potential perspectives in organoid research may offer a better understanding of pathophysiological interactions between the brain and lung after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Tae Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Song
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, 31066, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Han
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Youn
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Harry Jung
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Suh Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Hong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, 31066, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Pyeong Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Wang S, Li W, Wang L, Tiwari SK, Bray W, Wu L, Li N, Hui H, Clark AE, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Carlin AF, Rana TM. Interferon-Inducible Guanylate-Binding Protein 5 Inhibits Replication of Multiple Viruses by Binding to the Oligosaccharyltransferase Complex and Inhibiting Glycoprotein Maturation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.01.591800. [PMID: 38746287 PMCID: PMC11092618 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.591800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Viral infection induces production of type I interferons and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that play key roles in inhibiting viral infection. Here, we show that the ISG guanylate-binding protein 5 (GBP5) inhibits N-linked glycosylation of key proteins in multiple viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. GBP5 binds to accessory subunits of the host oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex and blocks its interaction with the spike protein, which results in misfolding and retention of spike protein in the endoplasmic reticulum likely due to decreased N-glycan transfer, and reduces the assembly and release of infectious virions. Consistent with these observations, pharmacological inhibition of the OST complex with NGI-1 potently inhibits glycosylation of other viral proteins, including MERS-CoV spike protein, HIV-1 gp160, and IAV hemagglutinin, and prevents the production of infectious virions. Our results identify a novel strategy by which ISGs restrict virus infection and provide a rationale for targeting glycosylation as a broad antiviral therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Wang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, UCSD Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wanyu Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, UCSD Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lingling Wang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, UCSD Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Shashi Kant Tiwari
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, UCSD Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - William Bray
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, UCSD Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Lujing Wu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, UCSD Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Na Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, UCSD Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hui Hui
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, UCSD Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Alex E. Clark
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, UCSD Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, UCSD Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Aaron F. Carlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Tariq M. Rana
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, UCSD Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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3
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Gandikota C, Vaddadi K, Sivasami P, Huang C, Liang Y, Pushparaj S, Deng X, Channappanava R, Metcalf JP, Liu L. The use of human iPSC-derived alveolar organoids to explore SARS-CoV-2 variant infections and host responses. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29579. [PMID: 38572923 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily targets the respiratory system. Physiologically relevant human lung models are indispensable to investigate virus-induced host response and disease pathogenesis. In this study, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived alveolar organoids (AOs) using an established protocol that recapitulates the sequential steps of in vivo lung development. AOs express alveolar epithelial type II cell protein markers including pro-surfactant protein C and ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 3. Compared to primary human alveolar type II cells, AOs expressed higher mRNA levels of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) and basigin (CD147). Considering the localization of ACE2 on the apical side in AOs, we used three AO models, apical-in, sheared and apical-out for SARS-CoV-2 infection. All three models of AOs were robustly infected with the SARS-CoV-2 irrespective of ACE2 accessibility. Antibody blocking experiment revealed that ASGR1 was the main receptor for SARS-CoV2 entry from the basolateral in apical-in AOs. AOs supported the replication of SARS-CoV-2 variants WA1, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Zeta and Omicron to a variable degree with WA1 being the highest and Omicron being the least. Transcriptomic profiling of infected AOs revealed the induction of inflammatory and interferon-related pathways with NF-κB signaling being the predominant host response. In summary, iPSC-derived AOs can serve as excellent human lung models to investigate infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants and host responses from both apical and basolateral sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Gandikota
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kishore Vaddadi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Pulavendran Sivasami
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yurong Liang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Samuel Pushparaj
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xufang Deng
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rudragouda Channappanava
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jordan P Metcalf
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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4
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Passos V, Henkel LM, Wang J, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Möller R, Sun G, Waltl I, Schneider T, Wachs A, Ritter B, Kropp KA, Zhu S, Deleidi M, Kalinke U, Schulz TF, Höglinger G, Gerold G, Wegner F, Viejo-Borbolla A. Innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to neuronal damage in human iPSC-derived peripheral neurons. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29455. [PMID: 38323709 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes neurological disease in the peripheral and central nervous system (PNS and CNS, respectively) of some patients. It is not clear whether SARS-CoV-2 infection or the subsequent immune response are the key factors that cause neurological disease. Here, we addressed this question by infecting human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CNS and PNS neurons with SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 infected a low number of CNS neurons and did not elicit a robust innate immune response. On the contrary, SARS-CoV-2 infected a higher number of PNS neurons. This resulted in expression of interferon (IFN) λ1, several IFN-stimulated genes and proinflammatory cytokines. The PNS neurons also displayed alterations characteristic of neuronal damage, as increased levels of sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin receptor motif-containing protein 1, amyloid precursor protein and α-synuclein, and lower levels of cytoskeletal proteins. Interestingly, blockade of the Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway by Ruxolitinib did not increase SARS-CoV-2 infection, but reduced neuronal damage, suggesting that an exacerbated neuronal innate immune response contributes to pathogenesis in the PNS. Our results provide a basis to study coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related neuronal pathology and to test future preventive or therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Passos
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa M Henkel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Francisco J Zapatero-Belinchón
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Möller
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guorong Sun
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inken Waltl
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Talia Schneider
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amelie Wachs
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Ritter
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai A Kropp
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shuyong Zhu
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michela Deleidi
- Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abel Viejo-Borbolla
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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5
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Manti S, Spoto G, Nicotera AG, Di Rosa G, Piedimonte G. Impact of respiratory viral infections during pregnancy on the neurological outcomes of the newborn: current knowledge. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1320319. [PMID: 38260010 PMCID: PMC10800711 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1320319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain development is a complex process that begins during pregnancy, and the events occurring during this sensitive period can affect the offspring's neurodevelopmental outcomes. Respiratory viral infections are frequently reported in pregnant women, and, in the last few decades, they have been related to numerous neuropsychiatric sequelae. Respiratory viruses can disrupt brain development by directly invading the fetal circulation through vertical transmission or inducing neuroinflammation through the maternal immune activation and production of inflammatory cytokines. Influenza virus gestational infection has been consistently associated with psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, while the recent pandemic raised some concerns regarding the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born to affected mothers. In addition, emerging evidence supports the possible role of respiratory syncytial virus infection as a risk factor for adverse neuropsychiatric consequences. Understanding the mechanisms underlying developmental dysfunction allows for improving preventive strategies, early diagnosis, and prompt interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Spoto
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Gennaro Nicotera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Chau CW, Sugimura R. Organoids in COVID-19: can we break the glass ceiling? J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:85-99. [PMID: 37616269 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 emerged in September 2020 as a disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. The disease presented as pneumonia at first but later was shown to cause multisystem infections and long-term complications. Many efforts have been put into discovering the exact pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we aim to discuss an emerging tool in disease modeling, organoids, in the investigation of COVID-19. This review will introduce some methods and breakthroughs achieved by organoids and the limitations of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu Wang Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam 99077, Hong Kong
| | - Ryohichi Sugimura
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam 99077, Hong Kong
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, 17 Science Park W Ave, Science Park 999077, Hong Kong
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7
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Joo H, Min S, Cho SW. Advanced lung organoids for respiratory system and pulmonary disease modeling. J Tissue Eng 2024; 15:20417314241232502. [PMID: 38406820 PMCID: PMC10894554 DOI: 10.1177/20417314241232502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Amidst the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, respiratory system research has made remarkable progress, particularly focusing on infectious diseases. Lung organoid, a miniaturized structure recapitulating lung tissue, has gained global attention because of its advantages over other conventional models such as two-dimensional (2D) cell models and animal models. Nevertheless, lung organoids still face limitations concerning heterogeneity, complexity, and maturity compared to the native lung tissue. To address these limitations, researchers have employed co-culture methods with various cell types including endothelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and immune cells, and incorporated bioengineering platforms such as air-liquid interfaces, microfluidic chips, and functional hydrogels. These advancements have facilitated applications of lung organoids to studies of pulmonary diseases, providing insights into disease mechanisms and potential treatments. This review introduces recent progress in the production methods of lung organoids, strategies for improving maturity, functionality, and complexity of organoids, and their application in disease modeling, including respiratory infection and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyebin Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Min
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Li M, Yuan Y, Zou T, Hou Z, Jin L, Wang B. Development trends of human organoid-based COVID-19 research based on bibliometric analysis. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13496. [PMID: 37218396 PMCID: PMC10693193 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed a catastrophic threat to human health worldwide. Human stem cell-derived organoids serve as a promising platform for exploring SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several review articles have summarized the application of human organoids in COVID-19, but the research status and development trend of this field have seldom been systematically and comprehensively studied. In this review, we use bibliometric analysis method to identify the characteristics of organoid-based COVID-19 research. First, an annual trend of publications and citations, the most contributing countries or regions and organizations, co-citation analysis of references and sources and research hotspots are determined. Next, systematical summaries of organoid applications in investigating the pathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine development and drug discovery, are provided. Lastly, the current challenges and future considerations of this field are discussed. The present study will provide an objective angle to identify the current trend and give novel insights for directing the future development of human organoid applications in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Yuhan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ting Zou
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Zongkun Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine)Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Liang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
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Petpiroon N, Netkueakul W, Sukrak K, Wang C, Liang Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Li Q, Kamran R, Naruse K, Aueviriyavit S, Takahashi K. Development of lung tissue models and their applications. Life Sci 2023; 334:122208. [PMID: 37884207 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are important organs that play a critical role in the development of specific diseases, as well as responding to the effects of drugs, chemicals, and environmental pollutants. Due to the ethical concerns around animal testing, alternative methods have been sought which are more time-effective, do not pose ethical issues for animals, do not involve species differences, and provide easy investigation of the pathobiology of lung diseases. Several national and international organizations are working to accelerate the development and implementation of structurally and functionally complex tissue models as alternatives to animal testing, particularly for the lung. Unfortunately, to date, there is no lung tissue model that has been accepted by regulatory agencies for use in inhalation toxicology. This review discusses the challenges involved in developing a relevant lung tissue model derived from human cells such as cell lines, primary cells, and pluripotent stem cells. It also introduces examples of two-dimensional (2D) air-liquid interface and monocultured and co-cultured three-dimensional (3D) culture techniques, particularly organoid culture and 3D bioprinting. Furthermore, it reviews development of the lung-on-a-chip model to mimic the microenvironment and physiological performance. The applications of lung tissue models in various studies, especially disease modeling, viral respiratory infection, and environmental toxicology will be also introduced. The development of a relevant lung tissue model is extremely important for standardizing and validation the in vitro models for inhalation toxicity and other studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinrat Petpiroon
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Woranan Netkueakul
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Sukrak
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Thailand Network Center on Air Quality Management: TAQM, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chen Wang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yin Liang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yun Liu
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Qiang Li
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Rumaisa Kamran
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Keiji Naruse
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Sasitorn Aueviriyavit
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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10
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Dawoody Nejad L, Julian LM. Stem cell-derived organoid models for SARS-CoV-2 and its molecular interaction with host cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10627-10635. [PMID: 37740859 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Modeling severe acute respiratory syndrome, Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in stem cell-derived organoids has helped in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease due to their resemblance to actual human tissues or organs. Over the past decade, organoid 3-dimensional (3D) cultures have represented a new perspective and considerable advancement over traditional in vitro 2-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. COVID-19 disease causes lung injury and multi-organ failure leading to death, especially in older patients. There is an urgent need for physiological models to study SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pandemic. Human stem cell-derived organoids can provide insight into understanding the SARS-CoV-2 cell entry molecular mechanism. Identifying such complexities will help to develop the best preventive drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Dawoody Nejad
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Lisa Marie Julian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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11
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Ren B, Chiaravalloti TR, Belony NL, Romero DI, Chai W, Leon C, Wu L, Lamango NS, Offringa IA, Huang Y. Design and Realization of Lung Organoid Cultures for COVID-19 Applications. Biodes Manuf 2023; 6:646-660. [PMID: 38993804 PMCID: PMC11238720 DOI: 10.1007/s42242-023-00255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been spreading globally and threatening public health. Advanced in vitro models that recapitulate the architecture and functioning of specific tissues and organs are in high demand for COVID-19-related pathology studies and drug screening. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cultures such as self-assembled and engineered organoid cultures surpass conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures and animal models with respect to the increased cellular complexity, better human-relevant environment, and reduced cost, thus presenting as promising platforms for understanding viral pathogenesis and developing new therapeutics. This review highlights the recent advances in self-assembled and engineered organoid technologies that are used for COVID-19 studies. The challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | | | - Nadine L Belony
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Diana I Romero
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Wenxuan Chai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Christopher Leon
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Lizi Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Nazarius S Lamango
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307
| | - Ite A Offringa
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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12
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Li J, Wang J, Wang H. Emerging Landscape of Preclinical Models for Studying COVID-19 Neurologic Diseases. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1323-1339. [PMID: 37854617 PMCID: PMC10580392 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and has globally infected 768 million people and caused over 6 million deaths. COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system but increasing reports of neurologic symptoms associated with COVID-19 have been reported in the literature. The exact mechanism behind COVID-19 neurologic pathophysiology remains poorly understood due to difficulty quantifying clinical neurologic symptoms in humans and correlating them to findings in human post-mortem samples and animal models. Thus, robust preclinical experimental models for COVID-19 neurologic manifestations are urgently needed. Here, we review recent advances in in vitro, in vivo, and other models and technologies for studying COVID-19 including primary cell cultures, pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and organoids, rodents, nonhuman primates, 3D bioprinting, artificial intelligence, and multiomics. We specifically focus our discussion on the contribution, recent advancements, and limitations these preclinical models have on furthering our understanding of COVID-19's neuropathic physiology. We also discuss these models' roles in the screening and development of therapeutics, vaccines, antiviral drugs, and herbal medicine, and on future opportunities for COVID-19 neurologic research and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Li
- Department
of Neurology, Indiana University School
of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University
of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hu Wang
- Institute
of Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21215, United States
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13
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An Y, He Y, Ge N, Guo J, Yang F, Sun S. Organoids to Remodel SARS-CoV-2 Research: Updates, Limitations and Perspectives. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1677-1699. [PMID: 37196111 PMCID: PMC10529756 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel COVID-19 pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus poses a significant threat to human health. Scientists have made significant efforts to control this virus, consequently leading to the development of novel research methods. Traditional animal and 2D cell line models might not be suitable for large-scale applications in SARS-CoV-2 research owing to their limitations. As an emerging modelling method, organoids have been applied in the study of various diseases. Their advantages include their ability to closely mirror human physiology, ease of cultivation, low cost, and high reliability; thus, they are considered to be a suitable choice to further the research on SARS-CoV-2. During the course of various studies, SARS-CoV-2 was shown to infect a variety of organoid models, exhibiting changes similar to those observed in humans. This review summarises the various organoid models used in SARS-CoV-2 research, revealing the molecular mechanisms of viral infection and exploring the drug screening tests and vaccine research that have relied on organoid models, hence illustrating the role of organoids in remodelling SARS-CoV-2 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanjie He
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine and NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nan Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jintao Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Mignolet M, Gilloteaux J, Halloin N, Gueibe M, Willemart K, De Swert K, Bielarz V, Suain V, Pastushenko I, Gillet NA, Nicaise C. Viral Entry Inhibitors Protect against SARS-CoV-2-Induced Neurite Shortening in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:2020. [PMID: 37896797 PMCID: PMC10611151 DOI: 10.3390/v15102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The utility of human neuroblastoma cell lines as in vitro model to study neuro-invasiveness and neuro-virulence of SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated by our laboratory and others. The aim of this report is to further characterize the associated cellular responses caused by a pre-alpha SARS-CoV-2 strain on differentiated SH-SY5Y and to prevent its cytopathic effect by using a set of entry inhibitors. The susceptibility of SH-SY5Y to SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed at high multiplicity-of-infection, without viral replication or release. Infection caused a reduction in the length of neuritic processes, occurrence of plasma membrane blebs, cell clustering, and changes in lipid droplets electron density. No changes in the expression of cytoskeletal proteins, such as tubulins or tau, could explain neurite shortening. To counteract the toxic effect on neurites, entry inhibitors targeting TMPRSS2, ACE2, NRP1 receptors, and Spike RBD were co-incubated with the viral inoculum. The neurite shortening could be prevented by the highest concentration of camostat mesylate, anti-RBD antibody, and NRP1 inhibitor, but not by soluble ACE2. According to the degree of entry inhibition, the average amount of intracellular viral RNA was negatively correlated to neurite length. This study demonstrated that targeting specific SARS-CoV-2 host receptors could reverse its neurocytopathic effect on SH-SY5Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Mignolet
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.M.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (K.D.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Jacques Gilloteaux
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.M.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (K.D.S.); (V.B.)
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George’s University School of Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 JG8, UK
| | - Nicolas Halloin
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.M.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (K.D.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Matthieu Gueibe
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.M.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (K.D.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Kévin Willemart
- URVI, NARILIS, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (K.W.); (N.A.G.)
| | - Kathleen De Swert
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.M.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (K.D.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Valéry Bielarz
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.M.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (K.D.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Valérie Suain
- Laboratoire d’Histologie Générale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium; (V.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Ievgenia Pastushenko
- Laboratoire d’Histologie Générale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium; (V.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Nicolas Albert Gillet
- URVI, NARILIS, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (K.W.); (N.A.G.)
| | - Charles Nicaise
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.M.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (K.D.S.); (V.B.)
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15
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Liu W, Zhao Y, Fan J, Shen J, Tang H, Tang W, Wu D, Huang W, Ding Y, Qiao P, Lin J, Li Z, Li Q, Cui Q, Liu Y, Chen Y, Pu R, Han X, Yin J, Tan X, Cao G. Smoke and Spike: Benzo[a]pyrene Enhances SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Boosting NR4A2-Induced ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Expression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300834. [PMID: 37428471 PMCID: PMC10502855 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke aggravates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, they show that benzo[a]pyrene in cigarette smoke extract facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection via upregulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Benzo[a]pyrene trans-activates the promoters of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 by upregulating nuclear receptor subfamily 4 A number 2 (NR4A2) and promoting its binding of NR4A2 to their promoters, which is independent of functional genetic polymorphisms in ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Benzo[a]pyrene increases the susceptibility of lung epithelial cells to SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses and facilitates the infection of authentic Omicron BA.5 in primary human alveolar type II cells, lung organoids, and lung and testis of hamsters. Increased expression of Nr4a2, Ace2, and Tmprss2, as well as decreased methylation of CpG islands at the Nr4a2 promoter are observed in aged mice compared to their younger counterparts. NR4A2 knockdown or interferon-λ2/λ3 stimulation downregulates the expression of NR4A2, ACE2, and TMPRSS2, thereby inhibiting the infection. In conclusion, benzo[a]pyrene enhances SARS-CoV-2 infection by boosting NR4A2-induced ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression. This study elucidates the mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of cigarette smoking on SARS-CoV-2 infection and provides prophylactic options for coronavirus disease 2019, particularly for the elderly population.
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16
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Tiwari SK, Rana TM. Generation of 3D lung organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells for modeling of lung development and viral infection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19601. [PMID: 37809493 PMCID: PMC10558843 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models has hampered progress in understanding human lung development and disease. Here, we describe a protocol in which human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) undergo stepwise differentiation into definitive endoderm (>88% population) to three-dimensional (3D) lung organoids (LORGs), which contain both epithelial and mesenchymal cellular architecture and display proximal and distal airway patterning. These LORGs can maintained for more than 90 days by re-embedding in the Matrigel. We show the utility of LORGs for disease modeling and drug screening by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and treatment with antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Tiwari
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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17
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de Oliveira LF, Filho DM, Marques BL, Maciel GF, Parreira RC, do Carmo Neto JR, Da Silva PEF, Guerra RO, da Silva MV, Santiago HDC, Birbrair A, Kihara AH, Dias da Silva VJ, Glaser T, Resende RR, Ulrich H. Organoids as a novel tool in modelling infectious diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 144:87-96. [PMID: 36182613 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases worldwide affect human health and have important societal impacts. A better understanding of infectious diseases is urgently needed. In vitro and in vivo infection models have brought notable contributions to the current knowledge of these diseases. Organoids are multicellular culture systems resembling tissue architecture and function, recapitulating many characteristics of human disease and elucidating mechanisms of host-infectious agent interactions in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, the central nervous system and the skin. Here, we discuss the applicability of the organoid technology for modeling pathogenesis, host response and features, which can be explored for the development of preventive and therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Felipe de Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Mendes Filho
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Médica de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemes Marques
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal deGoiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Rodrigues do Carmo Neto
- Departamento de Biociência e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Rhanoica Oliveira Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia eParasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia eParasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Helton da Costa Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Departamento de Patologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Kihara
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdo José Dias da Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Minami S, Matsumoto N, Omori H, Nakamura Y, Tamiya S, Nouda R, Nurdin JA, Yamasaki M, Kotaki T, Kanai Y, Okamoto T, Tachibana T, Ushijima H, Kobayashi T, Sato S. Effective SARS-CoV-2 replication of monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11610. [PMID: 37463955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes severe acute respiratory symptoms in humans. Controlling the coronavirus disease pandemic is a worldwide priority. The number of SARS-CoV-2 studies has dramatically increased, and the requirement for analytical tools is higher than ever. Here, we propose monolayered-intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) instead of three-dimensional cultured intestinal organoids as a suitable tool to study SARS-CoV-2 infection. Differentiated IEC monolayers express high levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), host factors essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 efficiently grows in IEC monolayers. Using this propagation system, we confirm that TMPRSS2 inhibition blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection in IECs. Hence, our iPSC-derived IEC monolayers are suitable for SARS-CoV-2 research under physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Minami
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsumoto
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Omori
- Core Instrumentation Facility, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Tamiya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Nouda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jeffery A Nurdin
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Moeko Yamasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kotaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuta Kanai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Co-creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Cell Engineering Corporation, Osaka, 532-0011, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan.
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19
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Rudraraju R, Gartner MJ, Neil JA, Stout ES, Chen J, Needham EJ, See M, Mackenzie-Kludas C, Yang Lee LY, Wang M, Pointer H, Karavendzas K, Abu-Bonsrah D, Drew D, Yang Sun YB, Tan JP, Sun G, Salavaty A, Charitakis N, Nim HT, Currie PD, Tham WH, Porrello E, Polo JM, Humphrey SJ, Ramialison M, Elliott DA, Subbarao K. Parallel use of human stem cell lung and heart models provide insights for SARS-CoV-2 treatment. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1308-1324. [PMID: 37315523 PMCID: PMC10262339 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily infects the respiratory tract, but pulmonary and cardiac complications occur in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To elucidate molecular mechanisms in the lung and heart, we conducted paired experiments in human stem cell-derived lung alveolar type II (AT2) epithelial cell and cardiac cultures infected with SARS-CoV-2. With CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of ACE2, we demonstrated that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection of both cell types but that further processing in lung cells required TMPRSS2, while cardiac cells required the endosomal pathway. Host responses were significantly different; transcriptome profiling and phosphoproteomics responses depended strongly on the cell type. We identified several antiviral compounds with distinct antiviral and toxicity profiles in lung AT2 and cardiac cells, highlighting the importance of using several relevant cell types for evaluation of antiviral drugs. Our data provide new insights into rational drug combinations for effective treatment of a virus that affects multiple organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Rudraraju
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Gartner
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica A Neil
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Stout
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Elise J Needham
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael See
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Charley Mackenzie-Kludas
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leo Yi Yang Lee
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mingyang Wang
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hayley Pointer
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathy Karavendzas
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dad Abu-Bonsrah
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien Drew
- Infection and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu Bo Yang Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jia Ping Tan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian Salavaty
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie Charitakis
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hieu T Nim
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Wai-Hong Tham
- Infection and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Enzo Porrello
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - David A Elliott
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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20
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Yang S, Hu H, Kung H, Zou R, Dai Y, Hu Y, Wang T, Lv T, Yu J, Li F. Organoids: The current status and biomedical applications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e274. [PMID: 37215622 PMCID: PMC10192887 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniaturized versions of organs or tissues that are derived from cells with stem potential and can self-organize and differentiate into 3D cell masses, recapitulating the morphology and functions of their in vivo counterparts. Organoid culture is an emerging 3D culture technology, and organoids derived from various organs and tissues, such as the brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney, have been generated. Compared with traditional bidimensional culture, organoid culture systems have the unique advantage of conserving parental gene expression and mutation characteristics, as well as long-term maintenance of the function and biological characteristics of the parental cells in vitro. All these features of organoids open up new opportunities for drug discovery, large-scale drug screening, and precision medicine. Another major application of organoids is disease modeling, and especially various hereditary diseases that are difficult to model in vitro have been modeled with organoids by combining genome editing technologies. Herein, we introduce the development and current advances in the organoid technology field. We focus on the applications of organoids in basic biology and clinical research, and also highlight their limitations and future perspectives. We hope that this review can provide a valuable reference for the developments and applications of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yang
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Haijie Hu
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Hengchung Kung
- Krieger School of Arts and SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ruiqi Zou
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Yushi Dai
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Yafei Hu
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Tianrun Lv
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Jun Yu
- Departments of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Departments of OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Fuyu Li
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
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21
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Mitchell A, Yu C, Zhao X, Pearmain L, Shah R, Hanley KP, Felton T, Wang T. Rapid Generation of Pulmonary Organoids from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Co-Culturing Endodermal and Mesodermal Progenitors for Pulmonary Disease Modelling. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1476. [PMID: 37239147 PMCID: PMC10216357 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells to a range of target cell types is ubiquitous in monolayer culture. To further improve the phenotype of the cells produced, 3D organoid culture is becoming increasingly prevalent. Mature organoids typically require the involvement of cells from multiple germ layers. The aim of this study was to produce pulmonary organoids from defined endodermal and mesodermal progenitors. Endodermal and mesodermal progenitors were differentiated from iPSCs and then combined in 3D Matrigel hydrogels and differentiated for a further 14 days to produce pulmonary organoids. The organoids expressed a range of pulmonary cell markers such as SPA, SPB, SPC, AQP5 and T1α. Furthermore, the organoids expressed ACE2 capable of binding SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, demonstrating the physiological relevance of the organoids produced. This study presented a rapid production of pulmonary organoids using a multi-germ-layer approach that could be used for studying respiratory-related human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mitchell
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.); (C.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chaowen Yu
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.); (C.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhao
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.); (C.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Laurence Pearmain
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (L.P.); (K.P.H.)
| | - Rajesh Shah
- Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester M23 9LT, UK;
| | - Karen Piper Hanley
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (L.P.); (K.P.H.)
| | - Timothy Felton
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.); (C.Y.); (X.Z.)
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22
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Swingler M, Donadoni M, Bellizzi A, Cakir S, Sariyer IK. iPSC-derived three-dimensional brain organoid models and neurotropic viral infections. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:121-134. [PMID: 37097597 PMCID: PMC10127962 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Progress in stem cell research has revolutionized the medical field for more than two decades. More recently, the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has allowed for the development of advanced disease modeling and tissue engineering platforms. iPSCs are generated from adult somatic cells by reprogramming them into an embryonic-like state via the expression of transcription factors required for establishing pluripotency. In the context of the central nervous system (CNS), iPSCs have the potential to differentiate into a wide variety of brain cell types including neurons, astrocytes, microglial cells, endothelial cells, and oligodendrocytes. iPSCs can be used to generate brain organoids by using a constructive approach in three-dimensional (3D) culture in vitro. Recent advances in 3D brain organoid modeling have provided access to a better understanding of cell-to-cell interactions in disease progression, particularly with neurotropic viral infections. Neurotropic viral infections have been difficult to study in two-dimensional culture systems in vitro due to the lack of a multicellular composition of CNS cell networks. In recent years, 3D brain organoids have been preferred for modeling neurotropic viral diseases and have provided invaluable information for better understanding the molecular regulation of viral infection and cellular responses. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the literature on recent advances in iPSC-derived 3D brain organoid culturing and their utilization in modeling major neurotropic viral infections including HIV-1, HSV-1, JCV, ZIKV, CMV, and SARS-CoV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Swingler
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Martina Donadoni
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Anna Bellizzi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Senem Cakir
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ilker K Sariyer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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23
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Ostermann PN, Schaal H. Human brain organoids to explore SARS-CoV-2-induced effects on the central nervous system. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2430. [PMID: 36790825 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In less than three years, an estimated 600 million infections with SARS-CoV-2 occurred worldwide, resulting in a pandemic with tremendous impact especially on economic and health sectors. Initially considered a respiratory disease, COVID-19, along with its long-term sequelae (long-COVID) rather is a systemic disease. Neurological symptoms like dementia or encephalopathy were reported early during the pandemic as concomitants of the acute phase and as characteristics of long-COVID. An excessive inflammatory immune response is hypothesized to play a major role in this context. However, direct infection of neural cells may also contribute to the neurological aspects of (long)-COVID-19. To mainly explore such direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the central nervous system, human brain organoids provide a useful platform. Infecting these three-dimensional tissue cultures allows the study of viral neurotropism as well as of virus-induced effects on single cells or even the complex cellular network within the organoid. In this review, we summarize the experimental studies that used SARS-CoV-2-infected human brain organoids to unravel the complex nature of (long)-COVID-19-related neurological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niklas Ostermann
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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24
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Development of a screening platform to discover natural products active against SARS-CoV-2 infection using lung organoid models. Biomater Res 2023; 27:18. [PMID: 36855173 PMCID: PMC9974403 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products can serve as one of the alternatives, exhibiting high potential for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we report a screening platform to test the antiviral efficacy of a natural product library against SARS-CoV-2 and verify their activity using lung organoids. METHODS Since SARS-CoV-2 is classified as a risk group 3 pathogen, the drug screening assay must be performed in a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) laboratory. To circumvent this limitation, pseudotyped viruses (PVs) have been developed as replacements for the live SARS-CoV-2. We developed PVs containing spikes from Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 and improved the infection in an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-dependent manner. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived lung organoids were generated to test the SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic efficacy of natural products. RESULTS Flavonoids from our natural product library had strong antiviral activity against the Delta- or Omicron-spike-containing PVs without affecting cell viability. We aimed to develop strategies to discover the dual function of either inhibiting infection at the beginning of the infection cycle or reducing spike stability following SARS-CoV-2 infection. When lung cells are already infected with the virus, the active flavonoids induced the degradation of the spike protein and exerted anti-inflammatory effects. Further experiments confirmed that the active flavonoids had strong antiviral activity in lung organoid models. CONCLUSION This screening platform will open new paths by providing a promising standard system for discovering novel drug leads against SARS-CoV-2 and help develop promising candidates for clinical investigation as potential therapeutics for COVID-19.
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25
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Tang X, Xue D, Zhang T, Nilsson-Payant BE, Carrau L, Duan X, Gordillo M, Tan AY, Qiu Y, Xiang J, Schwartz RE, tenOever BR, Evans T, Chen S. A multi-organoid platform identifies CIART as a key factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:381-389. [PMID: 36918693 PMCID: PMC10014579 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a systemic disease involving multiple organs. We previously established a platform to derive organoids and cells from human pluripotent stem cells to model SARS-CoV-2 infection and perform drug screens1,2. This provided insight into cellular tropism and the host response, yet the molecular mechanisms regulating SARS-CoV-2 infection remain poorly defined. Here we systematically examined changes in transcript profiles caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection at different multiplicities of infection for lung airway organoids, lung alveolar organoids and cardiomyocytes, and identified several genes that are generally implicated in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, including CIART, the circadian-associated repressor of transcription. Lung airway organoids, lung alveolar organoids and cardiomyocytes derived from isogenic CIART-/- human pluripotent stem cells were significantly resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection, independently of viral entry. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis further validated the decreased levels of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ciliated-like cells of lung airway organoids. CUT&RUN, ATAC-seq and RNA-sequencing analyses showed that CIART controls SARS-CoV-2 infection at least in part through the regulation of NR4A1, a gene also identified from the multi-organoid analysis. Finally, transcriptional profiling and pharmacological inhibition led to the discovery that the Retinoid X Receptor pathway regulates SARS-CoV-2 infection downstream of CIART and NR4A1. The multi-organoid platform identified the role of circadian-clock regulation in SARS-CoV-2 infection, which provides potential therapeutic targets for protection against COVID-19 across organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Tang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dongxiang Xue
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin E Nilsson-Payant
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lucia Carrau
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaohua Duan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Gordillo
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrian Y Tan
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Stable Isotope and Metabolomics Core Facility, The Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jenny Xiang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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26
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Boroojerdi MH, Al Jabry T, Mirarefin SMJ, Albalushi H. Insights into organoid-based modeling of COVID-19 pathology. Virol J 2023; 20:37. [PMID: 36841795 PMCID: PMC9959938 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-01996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, various types of strategies have been applied due to the emergent need to investigate the biology and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to discover a functional treatment. Different disease modeling systems, such as mini-organ technology, have been used to improve our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 physiology and pathology. During the past 2 years, regenerative medicine research has shown the supportive role of organoid modeling in controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through optimal drug and therapeutic approach improvement. Here, we overview some efforts that have been made to study SARS-CoV-2 by mimicking COVID-19 using stem cells. In addition, we summarize a perspective of drug development in COVID-19 treatment via organoid-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadese Hashem Boroojerdi
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Tariq Al Jabry
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Halima Albalushi
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
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27
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Organoids: Their Implication in COVID-19 Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043459. [PMID: 36834870 PMCID: PMC9961667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a significant global health issue. This novel virus's high morbidity and mortality rates have prompted the scientific community to quickly find the best COVID-19 model to investigate all pathological processes underlining its activity and, more importantly, search for optimal drug therapy with minimal toxicity risk. The gold standard in disease modeling involves animal and monolayer culture models; however, these models do not fully reflect the response to human tissues affected by the virus. However, more physiological 3D in vitro culture models, such as spheroids and organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), could serve as promising alternatives. Different iPSC-derived organoids, such as lung, cardiac, brain, intestinal, kidney, liver, nasal, retinal, skin, and pancreatic organoids, have already shown immense potential in COVID-19 modeling. In the present comprehensive review article, we summarize the current knowledge on COVID-19 modeling and drug screening using selected iPSC-derived 3D culture models, including lung, brain, intestinal, cardiac, blood vessels, liver, kidney, and inner ear organoids. Undoubtedly, according to reviewed studies, organoids are the state-of-the-art approach to COVID-19 modeling.
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28
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Immune Functions of Astrocytes in Viral Neuroinfections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043514. [PMID: 36834929 PMCID: PMC9960577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinfections of the central nervous system (CNS) can be triggered by various pathogens. Viruses are the most widespread and have the potential to induce long-term neurologic symptoms with potentially lethal outcomes. In addition to directly affecting their host cells and inducing immediate changes in a plethora of cellular processes, viral infections of the CNS also trigger an intense immune response. Regulation of the innate immune response in the CNS depends not only on microglia, which are fundamental immune cells of the CNS, but also on astrocytes. These cells align blood vessels and ventricle cavities, and consequently, they are one of the first cell types to become infected after the virus breaches the CNS. Moreover, astrocytes are increasingly recognized as a potential viral reservoir in the CNS; therefore, the immune response initiated by the presence of intracellular virus particles may have a profound effect on cellular and tissue physiology and morphology. These changes should be addressed in terms of persisting infections because they may contribute to recurring neurologic sequelae. To date, infections of astrocytes with different viruses originating from genetically distinct families, including Flaviviridae, Coronaviridae, Retroviridae, Togaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Picomaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Herpesviridae, have been confirmed. Astrocytes express a plethora of receptors that detect viral particles and trigger signaling cascades, leading to an innate immune response. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on virus receptors that initiate the release of inflammatory cytokines from astrocytes and depict the involvement of astrocytes in immune functions of the CNS.
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29
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Yang W, Li Y, Shi F, Liu H. Human lung organoid: Models for respiratory biology and diseases. Dev Biol 2023; 494:26-34. [PMID: 36470449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human respiratory system, consisting of the airway and alveoli, is one of the most complex organs directly interfaced with the external environment. The diverse epithelial cells lining the surface are usually the first cell barrier that comes into contact with pathogens that could lead to deadly pulmonary disease. There is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms of self-renewal and protection of these epithelial cells against harmful pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2. Traditional models, including cell lines and mouse models, have extremely limited native phenotypic features. Therefore, in recent years, to mimic the complexity of the lung, airway and alveoli organoid technology has been developed and widely applied. TGF-β/BMP/SMAD, FGF and Wnt/β-catenin signaling have been proven to play a key role in lung organoid expansion and differentiation. Thus, we summarize the current novel lung organoid culture strategies and discuss their application for understanding the lung biological features and pathophysiology of pulmonary diseases, especially COVID-19. Lung organoids provide an excellent in vitro model and research platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingna Li
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Shi
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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30
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Valyaeva AA, Zharikova AA, Sheval EV. SARS-CoV-2 cellular tropism and direct multiorgan failure in COVID-19 patients: Bioinformatic predictions, experimental observations, and open questions. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:308-326. [PMID: 36229927 PMCID: PMC9874490 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to an unprecedented public health emergency worldwide. While common cold symptoms are observed in mild cases, COVID-19 is accompanied by multiorgan failure in severe patients. Organ damage in COVID-19 patients is partially associated with the indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection (e.g., systemic inflammation, hypoxic-ischemic damage, coagulopathy), but early processes in COVID-19 patients that trigger a chain of indirect effects are connected with the direct infection of cells by the virus. To understand the virus transmission routes and the reasons for the wide-spectrum of complications and severe outcomes of COVID-19, it is important to identify the cells targeted by SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes the major steps of investigation and the most recent findings regarding SARS-CoV-2 cellular tropism and the possible connection between the early stages of infection and multiorgan failure in COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the first epidemic in which data extracted from single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) gene expression data sets have been widely used to predict cellular tropism. The analysis presented here indicates that the SARS-CoV-2 cellular tropism predictions are accurate enough for estimating the potential susceptibility of different cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, it appears that not all susceptible cells may be infected in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Valyaeva
- School of Bioengineering and BioinformaticsLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia,Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Anastasia A. Zharikova
- School of Bioengineering and BioinformaticsLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia,Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Eugene V. Sheval
- School of Bioengineering and BioinformaticsLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia,Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
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31
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Ng JH, Sun A, Je HS, Tan EK. Unravelling Pathophysiology of Neurological and Psychiatric Complications of COVID-19 Using Brain Organoids. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:30-40. [PMID: 34036855 PMCID: PMC9902967 DOI: 10.1177/10738584211015136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been increasingly recognized. However, the pathophysiology of COVID-19 in the central nervous system remains unclear. Brain organoid models derived from human pluripotent stem cells are potentially useful for the study of complex physiological and pathological processes associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as they recapitulate cellular heterogeneity and function of individual tissues. We identified brain organoid studies that provided insight into the neurotropic properties of SARS-CoV-2. While SARS-CoV-2 was able to infect neurons, the extent of neurotropism was relatively limited. Conversely, choroidal epithelial cells consistently showed a high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Brain organoid studies also elucidated potential mechanism for cellular entry, demonstrated viral replication, and highlighted downstream cellular effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Collectively, they suggest that the neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 may be contributed by both direct neuronal invasion and indirect consequences of neuroinflammation. The use of high throughput evaluation, patient-derived organoids, and advent of "assembloids" will provide a better understanding and functional characterization of the neuropsychiatric symptoms seen in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. With advancement of organoid technology, brain organoids offer a promising tool for unravelling pathophysiologic clues and potential therapeutic options for neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfred Sun
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Eng-King Tan
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore,Eng-King Tan, National Neuroscience Institute, Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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32
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Jiang X, Zhou J, Yu Z, Gu X, Lu Y, Ruan Y, Wang T. Exploration of Fuzheng Yugan Mixture on COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32693. [PMID: 36701702 PMCID: PMC9857359 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
After the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a global pandemic, global health workers have been facing an unprecedented and severe challenge. Currently, a mixturetion to inhibit the exacerbation of pulmonary inflammation caused by COVID-19, Fuzheng Yugan Mixture (FZYGM), has been approved for medical institution mixturetion notification. However, the mechanism of FZYGM remains poorly defined. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular and related physiological pathways of FZYGM as a potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Active molecules of FZYGM were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), while potential target genes of COVID-19 were identified by DrugBank and GeneCards. Compound-target networks and protein-protein interactions (PPI) were established by Cytoscape_v3.8.2 and String databases, respectively. The gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed. Finally, a more in-depth study was performed using molecular docking. Our study identified 7 active compounds and 3 corresponding core targets. The main potentially acting signaling pathways include the interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, and coronavirus disease-COVID-19. This study shows that FZYGM can exhibit anti-COVID-19 effects through multiple targets and pathways. Therefore, FZYGM can be considered a drug candidate for the treatment of COVID-19, and it provides good theoretical support for subsequent experiments and clinical applications of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Medicinal Resources Research, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongming Yu
- Central Preparation Room, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueya Gu
- Central Preparation Room, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Ruan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyue Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- * Correspondence: Tianyue Wang, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China (e-mail: )
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33
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Lim EHT, van Amstel RBE, de Boer VV, van Vught LA, de Bruin S, Brouwer MC, Vlaar APJ, van de Beek D. Complement activation in COVID-19 and targeted therapeutic options: A scoping review. Blood Rev 2023; 57:100995. [PMID: 35934552 PMCID: PMC9338830 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that activation of the complement system plays a key role in the pathogenesis and disease severity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We used a systematic approach to create an overview of complement activation in COVID-19 based on histopathological, preclinical, multiomics, observational and clinical interventional studies. A total of 1801 articles from PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane was screened of which 157 articles were included in this scoping review. Histopathological, preclinical, multiomics and observational studies showed apparent complement activation through all three complement pathways and a correlation with disease severity and mortality. The complement system was targeted at different levels in COVID-19, of which C5 and C5a inhibition seem most promising. Adequately powered, double blind RCTs are necessary in order to further investigate the effect of targeting the complement system in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endry Hartono Taslim Lim
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rombout Benjamin Ezra van Amstel
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vieve Victoria de Boer
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Alette van Vught
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne de Bruin
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Christian Brouwer
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Petrus Johannes Vlaar
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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34
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Suarez-Meade P, Watanabe F, Ruiz-Garcia H, Rafferty SB, Moniz-Garcia D, Schiapparelli PV, Jentoft ME, Imitola J, Quinones-Hinojosa A. SARS-CoV2 entry factors are expressed in primary human glioblastoma and recapitulated in cerebral organoid models. J Neurooncol 2023; 161:67-76. [PMID: 36595192 PMCID: PMC9808689 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults with a median overall survival of only 14.6 months despite aggressive treatment. While immunotherapy has been successful in other cancers, its benefit has been proven elusive in GBM, mainly due to a markedly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with the development of a pronounced central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory response when infecting different cells including astrocytes, endothelial cells, and microglia. While SARS-CoV2 entry factors have been described in different tissues, their presence and implication on GBM aggressiveness or microenvironment has not been studied on appropriate preclinical models. METHODS We evaluated the presence of crucial SARS-CoV-2 entry factors: ACE2, TMPRSS2, and NRP1 in matched surgically-derived GBM tissue, cells lines, and organoids; as well as in human brain derived specimens using immunohistochemistry, confocal pixel line intensity quantification, and transcriptome analysis. RESULTS We show that patient derived-GBM tissue and cell cultures express SARS-CoV2 entry factors, being NRP1 the most crucial facilitator of SARS-CoV-2 infection in GBM. Moreover, we demonstrate that, receptor expression remains present in our GBM organoids, making them an adequate model to study the effect of this virus in GBM for the potential development of viral therapies in the future. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 virus entry factors are expressed in primary tissues and organoid models and could be potentially utilized to study the susceptibility of GBM to this virus to target or modulate the tumor microenviroment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Suarez-Meade
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Fumihiro Watanabe
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Departments of Neuroscience, Neurology, Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Henry Ruiz-Garcia
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Seamus B Rafferty
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Departments of Neuroscience, Neurology, Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Diogo Moniz-Garcia
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Paula V Schiapparelli
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mark E Jentoft
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Jaime Imitola
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Departments of Neuroscience, Neurology, Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
- Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, UConn Health Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis Center, UConn School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, 06030, USA.
| | - Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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35
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Ni K, Che B, Yang C, Qin Y, Gu R, Wang C, Luo M, Deng L. Emerging toolset of three-dimensional pulmonary cell culture models for simulating lung pathophysiology towards mechanistic elucidation and therapeutic treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033043. [PMID: 36578545 PMCID: PMC9790924 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a never before seen challenge to human health and the world economy. However, it is difficult to widely use conventional animal and cell culture models in understanding the underlying pathological mechanisms of COVID-19, which in turn hinders the development of relevant therapeutic treatments, including drugs. To overcome this challenge, various three-dimensional (3D) pulmonary cell culture models such as organoids are emerging as an innovative toolset for simulating the pathophysiology occurring in the respiratory system, including bronchial airways, alveoli, capillary network, and pulmonary interstitium, which provide a robust and powerful platform for studying the process and underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the potential primary targets in the lung. This review introduces the key features of some of these recently developed tools, including organoid, lung-on-a-chip, and 3D bioprinting, which can recapitulate different structural compartments of the lung and lung function, in particular, accurately resembling the human-relevant pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. In addition, the recent progress in developing organoids for alveolar and airway disease modeling and their applications for discovering drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection are highlighted. These innovative 3D cell culture models together may hold the promise to fully understand the pathogenesis and eventually eradicate the pandemic of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingzhi Luo
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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36
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Chen J, Na F. Organoid technology and applications in lung diseases: Models, mechanism research and therapy opportunities. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1066869. [PMID: 36568297 PMCID: PMC9772457 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1066869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalency of lung disease has increased worldwide, especially in the aging population. It is essential to develop novel disease models, that are superior to traditional models. Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) in vitro structures that produce from self-organizing and differentiating stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) or adult stem cells (ASCs). They can recapitulate the in vivo cellular heterogeneity, genetic characteristics, structure, and functionality of original tissues. Drug responses of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are consistent with that of patients, and show correlations with genetic alterations. Thus, organoids have proven to be valuable in studying the biology of disease, testing preclinical drugs and developing novel therapies. In recent years, organoids have been successfully applied in studies of a variety of lung diseases, such as lung cancer, influenza, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. In this review, we provide an update on the generation of organoid models for these diseases and their applications in basic and translational research, highlighting these signs of progress in pathogenesis study, drug screening, personalized medicine and immunotherapy. We also discuss the current limitations and future perspectives in organoid models of lung diseases.
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37
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Yepes M. Neurological Complications of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccines: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Manifestations. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1620-1638. [PMID: 36121081 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220919123029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), that reached pandemic proportions in 2020. Despite the fact that it was initially characterized by pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, it is now clear that the nervous system is also compromised in one third of these patients. Indeed, a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients suffer nervous system damage via a plethora of mechanisms including hypoxia, coagulopathy, immune response to the virus, and the direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 on endothelial cells, neurons, astrocytes, pericytes and microglia. Additionally, a low number of previously healthy individuals develop a variety of neurological complications after receiving COVID-19 vaccines and a large proportion of COVID-19 survivors experience longlasting neuropsychiatric symptoms. In conclusion, COVID-19 is also a neurological disease, and the direct and indirect effects of the virus on the nervous system have a significant impact on the morbidity and mortality of these patients. Here we will use the concept of the neurovascular unit, assembled by endothelial cells, basement membrane, perivascular astrocytes, neurons and microglia, to review the effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the nervous system. We will then use this information to review data published to this date on the neurological manifestations of COVID-19, the post- COVID syndrome and COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Yepes
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology & Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
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38
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Human Maternal-Fetal Interface Cellular Models to Assess Antiviral Drug Toxicity during Pregnancy. REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/reprodmed3040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a period of elevated risk for viral disease severity, resulting in serious health consequences for both the mother and the fetus; yet antiviral drugs lack comprehensive safety and efficacy data for use among pregnant women. In fact, pregnant women are systematically excluded from therapeutic clinical trials to prevent potential fetal harm. Current FDA-recommended reproductive toxicity assessments are studied using small animals which often do not accurately predict the human toxicological profiles of drug candidates. Here, we review the potential of human maternal-fetal interface cellular models in reproductive toxicity assessment of antiviral drugs. We specifically focus on the 2- and 3-dimensional maternal placental models of different gestational stages and those of fetal embryogenesis and organ development. Screening of drug candidates in physiologically relevant human maternal-fetal cellular models will be beneficial to prioritize selection of safe antiviral therapeutics for clinical trials in pregnant women.
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Priyathilaka TT, Laaker CJ, Herbath M, Fabry Z, Sandor M. Modeling infectious diseases of the central nervous system with human brain organoids. Transl Res 2022; 250:18-35. [PMID: 35811019 PMCID: PMC11185418 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa are known to infect and induce diseases in the human central nervous system (CNS). Modeling the mechanisms of interaction between pathogens and the CNS microenvironment is essential to understand their pathophysiology and develop new treatments. Recent advancements in stem cell technologies have allowed for the creation of human brain organoids, which more closely resembles the human CNS microenvironment when compared to classical 2-dimensional (2D) cultures. Now researchers can utilize these systems to investigate and reinvestigate questions related to CNS infection in a human-derived brain organoid system. Here in this review, we highlight several infectious diseases which have been tested in human brain organoids and compare similarities in response to these pathogens across different investigations. We also provide a brief overview of some recent advancements which can further enrich this model to develop new and better therapies to treat brain infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Collin James Laaker
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Melinda Herbath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Matyas Sandor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
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40
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Mesci P, de Souza JS, Martin-Sancho L, Macia A, Saleh A, Yin X, Snethlage C, Adams JW, Avansini SH, Herai RH, Almenar-Queralt A, Pu Y, Szeto RA, Goldberg G, Bruck PT, Papes F, Chanda SK, Muotri AR. SARS-CoV-2 infects human brain organoids causing cell death and loss of synapses that can be rescued by treatment with Sofosbuvir. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001845. [PMID: 36327326 PMCID: PMC9632769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was rapidly declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Early clinical symptomatology focused mainly on respiratory illnesses. However, a variety of neurological manifestations in both adults and newborns are now well-documented. To experimentally determine whether SARS-CoV-2 could replicate in and affect human brain cells, we infected iPSC-derived human brain organoids. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 can productively replicate and promote death of neural cells, including cortical neurons. This phenotype was accompanied by loss of excitatory synapses in neurons. Notably, we found that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antiviral Sofosbuvir was able to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and rescued these neuronal alterations in infected brain organoids. Given the urgent need for readily available antivirals, these results provide a cellular basis supporting repurposed antivirals as a strategic treatment to alleviate neurocytological defects that may underlie COVID-19- related neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Mesci
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Janaina S. de Souza
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Laura Martin-Sancho
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Angela Macia
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Aurian Saleh
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Xin Yin
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Cedric Snethlage
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jason W. Adams
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Simoni H. Avansini
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto H. Herai
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory (LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Research Department, Lico Kaesemodel Institute (ILK), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Angels Almenar-Queralt
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yuan Pu
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan A. Szeto
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick T. Bruck
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Fabio Papes
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sumit K. Chanda
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alysson R. Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Archealization Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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41
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Rudraraju R, Gartner MJ, Neil JA, Stout ES, Chen J, Needham EJ, See M, Mackenzie-Kludas C, Yang Lee LY, Wang M, Pointer H, Karavendzas K, Abu-Bonsrah D, Drew D, Sun YBY, Tan JP, Sun G, Salavaty A, Charitakis N, Nim HT, Currie PD, Tham WH, Porrello E, Polo J, Humphrey SJ, Ramialison M, Elliott DA, Subbarao K. Parallel use of pluripotent human stem cell lung and heart models provide new insights for treatment of SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.09.20.508614. [PMID: 36172136 PMCID: PMC9516846 DOI: 10.1101/2022.09.20.508614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects the respiratory tract, but pulmonary and cardiac complications occur in severe COVID-19. To elucidate molecular mechanisms in the lung and heart, we conducted paired experiments in human stem cell-derived lung alveolar type II (AT2) epithelial cell and cardiac cultures infected with SARS-CoV-2. With CRISPR- Cas9 mediated knock-out of ACE2, we demonstrated that angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection of both cell types but further processing in lung cells required TMPRSS2 while cardiac cells required the endosomal pathway. Host responses were significantly different; transcriptome profiling and phosphoproteomics responses depended strongly on the cell type. We identified several antiviral compounds with distinct antiviral and toxicity profiles in lung AT2 and cardiac cells, highlighting the importance of using several relevant cell types for evaluation of antiviral drugs. Our data provide new insights into rational drug combinations for effective treatment of a virus that affects multiple organ systems. One-sentence summary Rational treatment strategies for SARS-CoV-2 derived from human PSC models.
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42
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Baig AM. Differential diagnosis and pathogenesis of the neurological signs and symptoms in COVID-19 and long-COVID syndrome. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1905-1907. [PMID: 36117492 PMCID: PMC9539369 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological features have now been reported very frequently in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. The neurological deficits associated features are observed in both acute and chronic stages of COVID-19 and they appear to overlap with wide-ranging symptoms that can be attributed to being of non-neural origins, thus obscuring the definitive diagnosis of neuro-COVID. The pathogenetic factors acting in concert to cause neuronal injury are now emerging, with SARS-CoV-2 directly affecting the brain coupled with the neuroinflammatory factors have been implicated in the causation of disabilities in acute COVID-19 and patients with Long-COVID syndrome. As the differentiation between a neural origin and other organ-based causation of a particular neurological feature is of prognostic significance, it implores a course of action to this covert, yet important neurological challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mannan Baig
- Department of Biological and Biomedical SciencesAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
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43
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Peng L, Gao L, Wu X, Fan Y, Liu M, Chen J, Song J, Kong J, Dong Y, Li B, Liu A, Bao F. Lung Organoids as Model to Study SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172758. [PMID: 36078166 PMCID: PMC9455466 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic and has severely affected socio-economic conditions and people’s life. The lung is the major target organ infected and (seriously) damaged by SARS-CoV-2, so a comprehensive understanding of the virus and the mechanism of infection are the first choices to overcome COVID-19. Recent studies have demonstrated the enormous value of human organoids as platforms for virological research, making them an ideal tool for researching host–pathogen interactions. In this study, the various existing lung organoids and their identification biomarkers and applications are summarized. At the same time, the seven coronaviruses currently capable of infecting humans are outlined. Finally, a detailed summary of existing studies on SARS-CoV-2 using lung organoids is provided and includes pathogenesis, drug development, and precision treatment. This review highlights the value of lung organoids in studying SARS-CoV-2 infection, bringing hope that research will alleviate COVID-19-associated lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li Gao
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xinya Wu
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuxin Fan
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Meixiao Liu
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jieqin Song
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jing Kong
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yan Dong
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bingxue Li
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Health Cell Biotechnology LTD, Kunming 650031, China
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Diseases Research, The Affiliated Children Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650030, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Fukai Bao
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Health Cell Biotechnology LTD, Kunming 650031, China
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Diseases Research, The Affiliated Children Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650030, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (F.B.)
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44
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LaNoce E, Dumeng-Rodriguez J, Christian KM. Using 2D and 3D pluripotent stem cell models to study neurotropic viruses. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022; 2:869657. [PMID: 36325520 PMCID: PMC9624474 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.869657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of viral pathogens on the human central nervous system (CNS) has been challenging due to the lack of viable human CNS models for controlled experiments to determine the causal factors underlying pathogenesis. Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and, more recently, cellular reprogramming of adult somatic cells to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide opportunities for directed differentiation to neural cells that can be used to evaluate the impact of known and emerging viruses on neural cell types. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be induced to neural lineages in either two- (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) cultures, each bearing distinct advantages and limitations for modeling viral pathogenesis and evaluating effective therapeutics. Here we review the current state of technology in stem cell-based modeling of the CNS and how these models can be used to determine viral tropism and identify cellular phenotypes to investigate virus-host interactions and facilitate drug screening. We focus on several viruses (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Zika virus (ZIKV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), SARS-CoV-2, West Nile virus (WNV)) to illustrate key advantages, as well as challenges, of PSC-based models. We also discuss how human PSC-based models can be used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of therapeutic drugs by generating data that are complementary to existing preclinical models. Ultimately, these efforts could facilitate the movement towards personalized medicine and provide patients and physicians with an additional source of information to consider when evaluating available treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma LaNoce
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jeriel Dumeng-Rodriguez
- Developmental, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Program, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kimberly M. Christian
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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45
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Bestion E, Halfon P, Mezouar S, Mège JL. Cell and Animal Models for SARS-CoV-2 Research. Viruses 2022; 14:1507. [PMID: 35891487 PMCID: PMC9319816 DOI: 10.3390/v14071507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two years following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, development of potent antiviral drugs and vaccines has been a global health priority. In this context, the understanding of virus pathophysiology, the identification of associated therapeutic targets, and the screening of potential effective compounds have been indispensable advancements. It was therefore of primary importance to develop experimental models that recapitulate the aspects of the human disease in the best way possible. This article reviews the information concerning available SARS-CoV-2 preclinical models during that time, including cell-based approaches and animal models. We discuss their evolution, their advantages, and drawbacks, as well as their relevance to drug effectiveness evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïne Bestion
- Microbe Evolution Phylogeny Infection, Institut pour la Recherche et le Developpement, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (P.H.)
- Institue Hospitalo, Universitaire Mediterranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Genoscience Pharma, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Halfon
- Microbe Evolution Phylogeny Infection, Institut pour la Recherche et le Developpement, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (P.H.)
- Institue Hospitalo, Universitaire Mediterranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Genoscience Pharma, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Microbe Evolution Phylogeny Infection, Institut pour la Recherche et le Developpement, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (P.H.)
- Institue Hospitalo, Universitaire Mediterranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Genoscience Pharma, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mège
- Microbe Evolution Phylogeny Infection, Institut pour la Recherche et le Developpement, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (P.H.)
- Institue Hospitalo, Universitaire Mediterranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
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46
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Kim MB, Hwangbo S, Jang S, Jo YK. Bioengineered Co-culture of organoids to recapitulate host-microbe interactions. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100345. [PMID: 35847376 PMCID: PMC9283667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent spike in the instances of complex physiological host-microbe interactions has raised the demand for developing in vitro models that recapitulate the microbial microenvironment in the human body. Organoids are steadily emerging as an in vitro culture system that closely mimics the structural, functional, and genetic features of complex human organs, particularly for better understanding host-microbe interactions. Recent advances in organoid culture technology have become new avenues for assessing the pathogenesis of symbiotic interactions, pathogen-induced infectious diseases, and various other diseases. The co-cultures of organoids with microbes have shown great promise in simulating host-microbe interactions with a high level of complexity for further advancement in related fields. In this review, we provide an overview of bioengineering approaches for microbe-co-cultured organoids. Latest developments in the applications of microbe-co-cultured organoids to study human physiology and pathophysiology are also highlighted. Further, an outlook on future research on bioengineered organoid co-cultures for various applications is presented.
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47
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Abstract
SARS‐CoV‐2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID)‐19, has become a persistent global health threat. Individuals who are symptomatic for COVID‐19 frequently exhibit respiratory illness, which is often accompanied by neurological symptoms of anosmia and fatigue. Mounting clinical data also indicate that many COVID‐19 patients display long‐term neurological disorders postinfection such as cognitive decline, which emphasizes the need to further elucidate the effects of COVID‐19 on the central nervous system. In this review article, we summarize an emerging body of literature describing the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on central nervous system (CNS) health and highlight important areas of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick R Natale
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Global Biothreats Graduate Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John R Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Global Biothreats Graduate Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - William A Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Global Biothreats Graduate Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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48
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Makaremi S, Asgarzadeh A, Kianfar H, Mohammadnia A, Asghariazar V, Safarzadeh E. The role of IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors in pathogenesis of COVID-19. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:923-947. [PMID: 35751653 PMCID: PMC9243884 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A global pandemic has erupted as a result of the new brand coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pandemic has been consociated with widespread mortality worldwide. The antiviral immune response is an imperative factor in confronting the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Meantime, cytokines recognize as crucial components in guiding the appropriate immune pathways in the restraining and eradication of the virus. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 can induce uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized by hyper-inflammatory cytokine production, which causes cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As excessive inflammatory responses are contributed to the severe stage of the COVID-19 disease, therefore, the pro-inflammatory cytokines are regarded as the Achilles heel during COVID-19 infection. Among these cytokines, interleukin (IL-) 1 family cytokines (IL-1, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38) appear to have a strong inflammatory role in severe COVID-19. Hence, understanding the underlying inflammatory mechanism of these cytokines during infection is critical for reducing the symptoms and severity of the disease. Here, the possible mechanisms and pathways involved in inflammatory immune responses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Makaremi
- School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Asgarzadeh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamed Kianfar
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadnia
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. .,Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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49
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Vanslambrouck JM, Wilson SB, Tan KS, Groenewegen E, Rudraraju R, Neil J, Lawlor KT, Mah S, Scurr M, Howden SE, Subbarao K, Little MH. Enhanced metanephric specification to functional proximal tubule enables toxicity screening and infectious disease modelling in kidney organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2021.10.14.464320. [PMID: 35665006 PMCID: PMC9164445 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.14.464320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
While pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids are now being used to model renal disease, the proximal nephron remains immature with limited evidence for key functional solute channels. This may reflect early mispatterning of the nephrogenic mesenchyme and/or insufficient maturation. Here we show that enhanced specification to metanephric nephron progenitors results in elongated and radially aligned proximalised nephrons with distinct S1 - S3 proximal tubule cell types. Such PT-enhanced organoids possess improved albumin and organic cation uptake, appropriate KIM-1 upregulation in response to cisplatin, and improved expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors resulting in increased viral replication. The striking proximo-distal orientation of nephrons resulted from localized WNT antagonism originating from the organoid stromal core. PT-enhanced organoids represent an improved model to study inherited and acquired proximal tubular disease as well as drug and viral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Vanslambrouck
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean B. Wilson
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ker Sin Tan
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ella Groenewegen
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rajeev Rudraraju
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Neil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kynan T. Lawlor
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophia Mah
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Scurr
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara E. Howden
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa H. Little
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Author for correspondence: M.H.L.: +61 3 9936 6206;
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50
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Tang XY, Wu S, Wang D, Chu C, Hong Y, Tao M, Hu H, Xu M, Guo X, Liu Y. Human organoids in basic research and clinical applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:168. [PMID: 35610212 PMCID: PMC9127490 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniature structures cultured in vitro produced from either human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) or adult stem cells (AdSCs) derived from healthy individuals or patients that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity, structure, and functions of human organs. The advent of human 3D organoid systems is now possible to allow remarkably detailed observation of stem cell morphogens, maintenance and differentiation resemble primary tissues, enhancing the potential to study both human physiology and developmental stage. As they are similar to their original organs and carry human genetic information, organoids derived from patient hold great promise for biomedical research and preclinical drug testing and is currently used for personalized, regenerative medicine, gene repair and transplantation therapy. In recent decades, researchers have succeeded in generating various types of organoids mimicking in vivo organs. Herein, we provide an update on current in vitro differentiation technologies of brain, retinal, kidney, liver, lung, gastrointestinal, cardiac, vascularized and multi-lineage organoids, discuss the differences between PSC- and AdSC-derived organoids, summarize the potential applications of stem cell-derived organoids systems in the laboratory and clinic, and outline the current challenges for the application of organoids, which would deepen the understanding of mechanisms of human development and enhance further utility of organoids in basic research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Tang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Da Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Hong
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengdan Tao
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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