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Chuphal B, Sathoria P, Rai U, Roy B. Sexual dimorphism in NLR transcripts and its downstream signaling protein IL-1ꞵ in teleost Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793). Sci Rep 2024; 14:1923. [PMID: 38253695 PMCID: PMC10803744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NOD-like receptors or NLRs) are a family of intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that initiates as well as regulate inflammatory responses. NLRs are characterized by a centrally located nucleotide binding domain and a leucine rich repeat domain at the C-terminal responsible for the recognition of intracellular microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In the present study in adult spotted snakehead we have investigated the sex-dependent tissue distribution of NLRs known to be associated with inflammation in teleost namely NOD1, NOD2, NLRC3, NLRC5, and NLRX1. Further, the sexual dimorphism in the expression of NLR transcript as well as the pro-inflammatory protein IL-1β was explored in fish under normal conditions, and in fish exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The NLRs show ubiquitous and constitutive expression in all the tissues. Moreover, a prominent disparity between males and females was observed in the basal expression of these genes in various tissues. The sexual dimorphism in NLR expression was also prominent when fish were exposed to LPS. Similarly, IL-1β exhibited sexual dimorphism in both normal as well as LPS-exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Chuphal
- Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Priyanka Sathoria
- Department of Zoology, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Chanakyapuri, Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Umesh Rai
- University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 180006, India.
| | - Brototi Roy
- Department of Zoology, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Chanakyapuri, Delhi, 110021, India.
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Vancolen S, Sébire G, Robaire B. Influence of androgens on the innate immune system. Andrology 2023; 11:1237-1244. [PMID: 36840517 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dimorphism is observed in the occurrence, course, and severity of human disease. The difference in immune response between males and females can in part be attributed to sexual genotype. However, immunological differences can also be explained by endocrine-immune interactions. Specifically, androgens possess the ability of directly modulating the development and function of immune cells. Although androgens generally contribute to immunosuppressive effects, this is not necessarily always the case. AIM The aim of the review is to uncover the role of androgens in shaping the innate immune response. MATERIAL & METHODS Authors included papers in this review which discussed the impact of androgens on specific innate immune cells. RESULTS Androgens modulate the innate immune response through various mechanisms. However, there is conflicting evidence in the literature regarding the interplay betwen androgens and the innate immune system. DISCUSSION Conflicting evidence presented in this review could in part be explained by the limitations present in interpreting results. CONCLUSION This review is of great importance for our understanding of occurence and mechanism of human inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seline Vancolen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Neurology, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Sébire
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Neurology, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Schneidewind L, Kiss B, Zengerling F, Borkowetz A, Graf S, Kranz J, Dräger DL, Graser A, Bellut L, Uhlig A. Gender-specific outcomes in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04788-x. [PMID: 37079051 PMCID: PMC10374671 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze gender-specific differences in survival parameters in advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibition. METHODS The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate gender-specific differences in disease-free (DFS), progression-free (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR). The sources MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from January 2010 to June 2022. No restrictions were made concerning language, study region or publication type. A comparison of gender-specific differences in survival parameters was performed using a random-effects meta-analysis. A risk of bias assessment was done using the ROBINS-I tool. RESULTS Five studies were included. In a random-effect meta-analysis of the studies, PCD4989g and IMvigor 211 with both using atezolizumab, females were more likely to have better objective response rate (ORR) than men (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.20-4.16; p = 0.0110). In addition, females had a comparable median OS to men (MD 1.16; 95% CI - 3.15-5.46; p = 0.598). In summary, comparing all results, a tendency was seen toward better response rates and survival parameters in female patients. The risk of bias assessment yielded an overall low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS There is a tendency toward better outcomes in women for immunotherapy in advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer, but only for the antibody atezolizumab women have a significantly better ORR. Unfortunately, many studies fail to report gender-specific outcomes. Therefore, further research is essential when aiming for individualized medicine. This research should address immunological confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Schneidewind
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18055, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Kiss
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sebastian Graf
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Jennifer Kranz
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Desiree L Dräger
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Annabel Graser
- Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Bellut
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annemarie Uhlig
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Yahfoufi N, Kadamani AK, Aly S, Al Sharani S, Liang J, Butcher J, Stintzi A, Matar C, Ismail N. Pubertal consumption of R. badensis subspecies acadiensis modulates LPS-induced immune responses and gut microbiome dysbiosis in a sex-specific manner. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:62-75. [PMID: 36174885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a critical period of development characterized by significant brain remodeling and increased vulnerability to immune challenges. Exposure to an immune challenge such as LPS during puberty can result in inflammation and gut dysbiosis which may lead to altered brain functioning and psychiatric illnesses later in life. However, treatment with probiotics during puberty has been found to mitigate LPS-induced peripheral and central inflammation, prevent LPS-induced changes to the gut microbiota and protect against enduring behavioural disorders in a sex-specific manner. Recent findings from our laboratory revealed that pubertal R. badensis subspecies acadiensis (R. badensis subsp. acadiensis) treatment prevents LPS-induced depression-like behavior and alterations in 5HT1A receptor expression in a sex-specific manner. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to gain mechanistic insights and to investigate the ability of R. badensis subsp. acadiensis consumption during puberty to mitigate the effects of LPS treatment on the immune system and the gut microbiome. Our results revealed that pubertal treatment with R. badensis subsp. acadiensis reduced sickness behaviors in females more than males in a time-specific manner. It also mitigated LPS-induced increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood and in TNFα mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus of female mice. There were sex-dependent differences in microbiome composition that persisted after LPS injection or R. badensis subsp. acadiensis consumption. R. badensis subsp. acadiensis had greater impact on the microbiota of male mice but female microbiota's were more responsive to LPS treatment. This suggested that female mice microbiota's may be more prone to modulation by this probiotic. These findings emphasize the sex-specific effects of probiotic use during puberty on the structure of the gut microbiome and the immune system and highlight the critical role of gut colonization with probiotics during adolescence on immunomodulation and prevention of the enduring effects of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Yahfoufi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony K Kadamani
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Aly
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Al Sharani
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacky Liang
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Butcher
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chantal Matar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Immunothrombosis and new-onset atrial fibrillation in the general population: the Rotterdam Study. Clin Res Cardiol 2021; 111:96-104. [PMID: 34559294 PMCID: PMC8766396 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-021-01938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common age-related cardiac arrhythmia. The etiology underlying AF is still largely unknown. At the intersection of the innate immune system and hemostasis, immunothrombosis may be a possible cause of atrial remodeling, and therefore be an underlying cause of AF. Methods From 1990 to 2014, we followed participants aged 55 and over, free from AF at inclusion. Immunothrombosis factors fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, ADAMTS13, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) levels were measured at baseline. Participants were followed until either onset of AF, loss-to-follow-up, or reaching the end-date of 01-01-2014. Cox proportional hazard modelling was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. Results We followed 6174 participants (mean age 69.1 years, 57% women) for a median follow-up time of 12.8 years. 364 men (13.7%, incidence rate 13.0/1000 person-years) and 365 women (10.4%, incidence rate 8.9/1000 person-years) developed AF. We found no significant association between markers of immunothrombosis and new-onset AF after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors [HR 1.00 (95% CI 0.93–1.08) for fibrinogen, 1.04 (0.97–1.12) for von Willebrand factor, 1.00 (1.00–1.01) for ADAMTS13, and 1.01 (0.94–1.09) for NETs]. In addition, we found no differences in associations between men and women. Conclusion We found no associations between markers of immunothrombosis and new-onset AF in the general population. Inflammation and immunothrombosis may be associated with AF through other cardiovascular risk factors or predisposing conditions of AF. Our findings challenge the added value of biomarkers in AF risk prediction. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00392-021-01938-4.
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Age and Sex: Impact on adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111563. [PMID: 34474078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age associated chronic inflammation is a major contributor to diseases with advancing age. Adipose tissue function is at the nexus of processes contributing to age-related metabolic disease and mediating longevity. Hormonal fluctuations in aging potentially regulate age-associated visceral adiposity and metabolic dysfunction. Visceral adiposity in aging is linked to aberrant adipogenesis, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity and altered adipokine secretion. Age-related inflammatory phenomena depict sex differences in macrophage polarization, changes in T and B cell numbers, and types of dendritic cells. Sex differences are also observed in adipose tissue remodeling and cellular senescence suggesting a role for sex steroid hormones in the regulation of the adipose tissue microenvironment. It is crucial to investigate sex differences in aging clinical outcomes to identify and better understand physiology in at-risk individuals. Early interventions aimed at targets involved in adipose tissue adipogenesis, remodeling and inflammation in aging could facilitate a profound impact on health span and overcome age-related functional decline.
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Ege B, Erdogmus Z, Bozgeyik E, Koparal M, Kurt MY, Gulsun B. Asporin levels in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 48:1109-1117. [PMID: 34309889 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is important for diagnosis and treatment planning. Thus, biochemical analysis is usually used for the detection of tissue damage. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the serum asporin levels in patients with TMD. METHODS Our study was planned to be performed on 43 healthy individuals (control group) without any joint problems and 43 patients with temporomandibular joint internal derangement (TMJ-ID; patients group) according to the Wilkes classification (stages 3, 4 and 5). Serum asporin levels were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and compared between groups. Asporin levels were analysed according to the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, and the differences between them were demonstrated. RESULTS Asporin levels were found to be significantly increased in the patients group compared to control group (p = .0303). The age and gender distributions of the samples in the control and patients groups were homogeneous, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. In addition, while there was no significant change in asporin levels in females in the patients group compared with the control group, the asporin levels were significantly increased in males in the patients group (p = .0403). CONCLUSIONS Consequently, asporin seems to be an important biomarker in the pathobiology of TMJ-ID as it is significantly upregulated in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ege
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Zozan Erdogmus
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, Diyarbakır Oral and Dental Health Center, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Esra Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Koparal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Yusuf Kurt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Belgin Gulsun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Gusdon AM, Savarraj JPJ, Shihabeddin E, Paz A, Assing A, Ko SB, McCullough LD, Choi HA. Time Course of Peripheral Leukocytosis and Clinical Outcomes After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2021; 12:694996. [PMID: 34381415 PMCID: PMC8350167 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.694996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Systemic inflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is implicated in delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and adverse clinical outcomes. We hypothesize that early changes in peripheral leukocytes will be associated with outcomes after SAH. Methods: SAH patients admitted between January 2009 and December 2016 were enrolled into a prospective observational study and were assessed for Hunt Hess Scale (HHS) at admission, DCI, and modified Ranked Scale (mRS) at discharge. Total white blood cell (WBC) counts and each component of the differential cell count were determined on the day of admission (day 0) to 8 days after bleed (day 8). Global cerebral edema (GCE) was assessed on admission CT, and presence of any infection was determined. Statistical tests included student's t-test, Chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression (MLR) models. Results: A total of 451 subjects were analyzed. Total WBCs and neutrophils decreased initially reaching a minimum at day 4–5 after SAH. Monocyte count increased gradually after SAH and peaked between day 6–8, while basophils and lymphocytes decreased initially from day 0 to 1 and steadily increased thereafter. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reached a peak on day 1 and decreased thereafter. WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, and NLR were higher in patients with DCI and poor functional outcomes. WBCs, neutrophils, and NLR were higher in subjects who developed infections. In MLR models, neutrophils and monocytes were associated with DCI and worse functional outcomes, while NLR was only associated with worse functional outcomes. Occurrence of infection was associated with poor outcome. Neutrophils and NLR were associated with infection, while monocytes were not. Monocytes were higher in males, and ROC curve analysis revealed improved ability of monocytes to predict DCI and poor functional outcomes in male subjects. Conclusions: Monocytosis was associated with DCI and poor functional outcomes after SAH. The association between neutrophils and NLR and infection may impact outcomes. Early elevation in monocytes had an improved ability to predict DCI and poor functional outcomes in males, which was independent of the occurrence of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Gusdon
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jude P J Savarraj
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eyad Shihabeddin
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Atzhiry Paz
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Andres Assing
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sang-Bae Ko
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Huimahn Alex Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Fitzgerald E, Boardman JP, Drake AJ. Early life stress and LPS interact to modify the mouse cortical transcriptome in the neonatal period. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 13:100219. [PMID: 34589738 PMCID: PMC8474587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm birth (PTB) is closely associated with atypical cerebral cortical development and cognitive impairment. Early exposure to extrauterine life often results in atypical environmental and biological experiences that co-occur, including early life stress (ELS) and systemic inflammation. Understanding how these experiences interact to shape cortical development is an essential prerequisite to developing therapeutic interventions that will work in the complex postnatal environment of the preterm infant. Here, we studied the effects of a murine model of infection and ELS on the neonatal cortex transcriptome. METHODS We used a mouse model of infection (1 mg/kg LPS at postnatal day (P)3) +/- ELS (modified maternal separation; MMS on days P4-P6) at timepoints with neurodevelopmental relevance to PTB. We used 4 groups: control, LPS, MMS and LPS + MMS. Cortices were dissected at P6 for 3'RNA sequencing. RESULTS LPS exposure resulted in reduced weight gain and increased expression of inflammation-associated genes in the brain. More genes were differentially expressed following LPS (15) and MMS (29) than with LPS + MMS (8). There was significant overlap between the LPS and MMS datasets, particularly amongst upregulated genes, and when comparing LPS and MMS datasets with LPS + MMS. Gene Ontology terms related to the extracellular matrix and cytokine response were enriched following MMS, but not following LPS or LPS + MMS. 26 Reactome pathways were enriched in the LPS group, none of which were enriched in the LPS + MMS group. Finally, a rank-rank hypergeometric overlap test showed similarities, particularly in upregulated genes, in the LPS and MMS conditions, indicating shared mechanisms. CONCLUSION LPS and MMS interact to modify the cortical transcriptome in the neonatal period. This has important implications for understanding the neural basis of atypical cortical development associated with early exposure to extrauterine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon Fitzgerald
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - James P. Boardman
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Amanda J. Drake
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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Ricardo-da-Silva FY, Armstrong R, Vidal-Dos-Santos M, Correia CDJ, Coutinho E Silva RDS, da Anunciação LF, Moreira LFP, Leuvenink HGD, Breithaupt-Faloppa AC. 17β-Estradiol Treatment Protects Lungs Against Brain Death Effects in Female Rat Donor. Transplantation 2021; 105:775-784. [PMID: 33031230 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain death (BD) affects the viability of lungs for transplantation. A correlation exists between high-lung inflammation after BD and the decrease in female sex hormones, especially estradiol. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment on the lungs of female brain dead rats. METHODS Female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: BD (submitted to BD for 6 h), sham (false operated), E2-T0 (treated with E2 immediately after BD; 50 μg/mL, 2 mL/h), and E2-T3 (treated with E2 after 3 h of BD; 50 μg/mL, 2 mL/h). Lung edema, hemorrhage, and leukocyte infiltration were analyzed. Adhesion molecules were evaluated, and analysis of NO synthase gene and protein expression was performed using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Release of chemokines and matrix degradation in the lungs was analyzed. RESULTS BD increased leukocyte infiltration, as shown by intravital microscopy (P = 0.017), bronchoalveolar lavage cell count (P = 0.016), the release of inflammatory mediators (P = 0.02), and expression of adhesion molecules. BD also increased microvascular permeability and the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the lungs. E2 treatment reduced leukocyte infiltration, especially in the E2-T3 group, release of inflammatory mediators, adhesion molecules, and matrix metalloproteinase activity in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS E2 treatment was successful in controlling the lung inflammatory response in females submitted to BD. Our results suggest that E2 directly decreases the release of chemokines, restraining cell traffic into the lungs. Thus, E2 has a therapeutic potential, and its role in improving donor lung quality should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Yamamoto Ricardo-da-Silva
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Armstrong
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Vidal-Dos-Santos
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano de Jesus Correia
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael Dos Santos Coutinho E Silva
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ferreira da Anunciação
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Pinho Moreira
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Breithaupt-Faloppa
- Laboratorio de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mygind L, Bergh MSS, Tejsi V, Vaitheeswaran R, Lambertsen KL, Finsen B, Metaxas A. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Is Required for Spatial Learning and Memory in Male Mice under Physiological, but Not Immune-Challenged Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:608. [PMID: 33803476 PMCID: PMC8002217 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that inflammatory cytokines-such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-are produced at low levels in the brain under physiological conditions and may be crucial for synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, learning and memory. Here, we examined the effects of developmental TNF deletion on spatial learning and memory using 11-13-month-old TNF knockout (KO) and C57BL6/J wild-type (WT) mice. The animals were tested in the Barnes maze (BM) arena under baseline conditions and 48 h following an injection of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which was administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Vehicle-treated KO mice were impaired compared to WT mice during the acquisition and memory-probing phases of the BM test. No behavioral differences were observed between WT and TNF-KO mice after LPS treatment. Moreover, there were no differences in the hippocampal content of glutamate and noradrenaline between groups. The effects of TNF deletion on spatial learning and memory were observed in male, but not female mice, which were not different compared to WT mice under baseline conditions. These results indicate that TNF is required for spatial learning and memory in male mice under physiological, non-inflammatory conditions, however not following the administration of LPS. Inflammatory signalling can thereby modulate spatial cognition in male subjects, highlighting the importance of sex- and probably age-stratified analysis when examining the role of TNF in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Mygind
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (L.M.); (V.T.); (R.V.); (K.L.L.)
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Marianne Skov-Skov Bergh
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Loviseberggata, 60456 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Vivien Tejsi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (L.M.); (V.T.); (R.V.); (K.L.L.)
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ramanan Vaitheeswaran
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (L.M.); (V.T.); (R.V.); (K.L.L.)
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kate L. Lambertsen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (L.M.); (V.T.); (R.V.); (K.L.L.)
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Bente Finsen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (L.M.); (V.T.); (R.V.); (K.L.L.)
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (L.M.); (V.T.); (R.V.); (K.L.L.)
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- School of Science, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenis Str., Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
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12
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Gilli F, DiSano KD, Pachner AR. SeXX Matters in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:616. [PMID: 32719651 PMCID: PMC7347971 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). An interesting feature that this debilitating disease shares with many other inflammatory disorders is that susceptibility is higher in females than in males, with the risk of MS being three times higher in women compared to men. Nonetheless, while men have a decreased risk of developing MS, many studies suggest that males have a worse clinical outcome. MS exhibits an apparent sexual dimorphism in both the immune response and the pathophysiology of the CNS damage, ultimately affecting disease susceptibility and progression differently. Overall, women are predisposed to higher rates of inflammatory relapses than men, but men are more likely to manifest signs of disease progression and worse CNS damage. The observed sexual dimorphism in MS may be due to sex hormones and sex chromosomes, acting in parallel or combination. In this review, we outline current knowledge on the sexual dimorphism in MS and discuss the interplay of sex chromosomes, sex hormones, and the immune system in driving MS disease susceptibility and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gilli
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Krista D DiSano
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Andrew R Pachner
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
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13
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Georgescu AM, Banescu C, Azamfirei R, Hutanu A, Moldovan V, Badea I, Voidazan S, Dobreanu M, Chirtes IR, Azamfirei L. Evaluation of TNF-α genetic polymorphisms as predictors for sepsis susceptibility and progression. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:221. [PMID: 32171247 PMCID: PMC7071754 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of the study was to evaluate a potential role for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) genetic variability as biomarker in sepsis. In particular, we aimed to determine if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TNF-α gene are associated with sepsis in terms of risk, severity and outcome. Methods We performed a prospective study on 163 adult critically ill septic patients (septic shock 65, sepsis 98, further divided in 40 survivors and 123 deceased) and 232 healthy controls. Genotyping of TNF-α SNPs (-308G/A, -238G/A, -376G/A and +489G/A) was performed for all patients and controls and plasma cytokine levels were measured during the first 24 h after sepsis onset. Results TNF-α +489G/A A-allele carriage was associated with significantly lower risk of developing sepsis and sepsis shock (AA+AG vs GG: OR = 0.53; p = 0.004; 95% CI = 0.34–0.82 and OR = 0.39; p = 0.003; 95% CI = 0.21–0.74, respectively) but not with sepsis-related outcomes. There was no significant association between any of the other TNF-α promoter SNPs, or their haplotype frequencies and sepsis or septic shock risk. Circulating TNF-α levels were higher in septic shock; they were not correlated with SNP genotype distribution; GG homozygosity for each polymorphism was correlated with higher TNF-α levels in septic shock. Conclusions TNF-α +489G/A SNP A-allele carriage may confer protection against sepsis and septic shock development but apparently does not influence sepsis-related mortality. Promoter TNF-α SNPs did not affect transcription and were not associated with distinct sepsis, septic shock risk or outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Meda Georgescu
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu St, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Claudia Banescu
- Genetics Laboratory, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu St, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania.
| | - Razvan Azamfirei
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Adina Hutanu
- Immunology Laboratory, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu St, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Valeriu Moldovan
- Genetics Laboratory, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu St, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Iudita Badea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu St, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Septimiu Voidazan
- Department of Epidemiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu St, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Minodora Dobreanu
- Immunology Laboratory, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu St, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ioana Raluca Chirtes
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu St, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Leonard Azamfirei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu St, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania
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14
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Porritt RA, Markman JL, Maruyama D, Kocaturk B, Chen S, Lehman TJA, Lee Y, Fishbein MC, Rivas MN, Arditi M. Interleukin-1 Beta-Mediated Sex Differences in Kawasaki Disease Vasculitis Development and Response to Treatment. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:802-818. [PMID: 31996019 PMCID: PMC7047651 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of acute vasculitis and acquired heart disease in children in developed countries. Notably, KD is more prevalent in males than females. We previously established a key role for IL (interleukin)-1 signaling in KD pathogenesis, but whether this pathway underlies the sex-based difference in susceptibility is unknown. Approach and Results: The role of IL-1 signaling was investigated in the Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract-induced experimental mouse model of KD vasculitis. Five-week-old male and female mice were injected intraperitoneally with PBS, Lactobacillus caseicell wall extract, or a combination of Lactobacillus caseicell wall extract and the IL-1 receptor antagonist Anakinra. Aortitis, coronary arteritis inflammation score and abdominal aorta dilatation, and aneurysm development were assessed. mRNA-seq (messenger RNA sequencing) analysis was performed on abdominal aorta tissue. Publicly available human transcriptomics data from patients with KD was analyzed to identify sex differences and disease-associated genes. Male mice displayed enhanced aortitis and coronary arteritis as well as increased incidence and severity of abdominal aorta dilatation and aneurysm, recapitulating the increased incidence in males that is observed in human KD. Gene expression data from patients with KD and abdominal aorta tissue of Lactobacillus caseicell wall extract-injected mice showed enhanced Il1b expression and IL-1 signaling genes in males. Although the more severe IL-1β-mediated disease phenotype observed in male mice was ameliorated by Anakinra treatment, the milder disease phenotype in female mice failed to respond. CONCLUSIONS IL-1β may play a central role in mediating sex-based differences in KD, with important implications for the use of anti-IL-1β therapies to treat male and female patients with KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Porritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Janet L. Markman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Begum Kocaturk
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Disease Research Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Thomas J. A. Lehman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Youngho Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Disease Research Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Disease Research Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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15
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Luethi N, Bailey M, Higgins A, Howe B, Peake S, Delaney A, Bellomo R. Gender differences in mortality and quality of life after septic shock: A post-hoc analysis of the ARISE study. J Crit Care 2019; 55:177-183. [PMID: 31739087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the impact of gender and pre-menopausal state on short- and long-term outcomes in patients with septic shock. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cohort study of the Australasian Resuscitation in Sepsis Evaluation (ARISE) trial, an international randomized controlled trial comparing early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) to usual care in patients with early septic shock, conducted between October 2008 and April 2014. The primary exposure in this analysis was legal gender and the secondary exposure was pre-menopausal state defined by chronological age (≤ 50 years). RESULTS 641 (40.3%) of all 1591 ARISE trial participants in the intention-to-treat population were females and overall, 337 (21.2%) (146 females) patients were 50 years of age or younger. After risk-adjustment, we could not identify any survival benefit for female patients at day 90 in the younger (≤50 years) (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 0.91 (0.46-1.89), p = .85) nor in the older (>50 years) age-group (aOR: 1.10 (0.81-1.49), p = .56). Similarly, there was no gender-difference in ICU, hospital, 1-year mortality nor quality of life measures. CONCLUSIONS This post-hoc analysis of a large multi-center trial in early septic shock has shown no short- or long-term survival effect for women overall as well as in the pre-menopausal age-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Luethi
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Michael Bailey
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alisa Higgins
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Belinda Howe
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandra Peake
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anthony Delaney
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia
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16
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Nathan K, Lu LY, Lin T, Pajarinen J, Jämsen E, Huang JF, Romero-Lopez M, Maruyama M, Kohno Y, Yao Z, Goodman SB. Precise immunomodulation of the M1 to M2 macrophage transition enhances mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis and differs by sex. Bone Joint Res 2019; 8:481-488. [PMID: 31728188 PMCID: PMC6825050 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.810.bjr-2018-0231.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Up to 10% of fractures result in undesirable outcomes, for which female sex is a risk factor. Cellular sex differences have been implicated in these different healing processes. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying bone healing and sex differences in this process is key to improved clinical outcomes. This study utilized a macrophage-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) coculture system to determine: 1) the precise timing of proinflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophage transition for optimal bone formation; and 2) how such immunomodulation was affected by male versus female cocultures. METHODS A primary murine macrophage-MSC coculture system was used to demonstrate the optimal transition time from M1 to M2 (polarized from M1 with interleukin (IL)-4) macrophages to maximize matrix mineralization in male and female MSCs. Outcome variables included Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and osteocalcin protein secretion. RESULTS We found that 96 hours of M1 phenotype in male cocultures allowed for maximum matrix mineralization versus 72 hours in female cocultures. ALP activity and osteocalcin secretion were also enhanced with the addition of IL-4 later in male versus female groups. The sex of the cells had a statistically significant effect on the optimal IL-4 addition time to maximize osteogenesis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that: 1) a 72- to 96-hour proinflammatory environment is critical for optimal matrix mineralization; and 2) there are immunological differences in this coculture environment due to sex. Optimizing immunomodulation during fracture healing may enhance and expedite the bone regeneration response. These findings provide insight into precise immunomodulation for enhanced bone healing that is sex-specific.Cite this article: K. Nathan, L. Y. Lu, T. Lin, J. Pajarinen, E. Jämsen, J-F. Huang, M. Romero-Lopez, M. Maruyama, Y. Kohno, Z. Yao, S. B. Goodman. Precise immunomodulation of the M1 to M2 macrophage transition enhances mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis and differs by sex. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:481-488. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.810.BJR-2018-0231.R2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Nathan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Laura Y Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tzuhua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jukka Pajarinen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eemeli Jämsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jhih-Fong Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Monica Romero-Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masahiro Maruyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yusuke Kohno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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17
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Guess TE, Rosen J, Castro-Lopez N, Wormley FL, McClelland EE. An inherent T cell deficit in healthy males to C. neoformans infection may begin to explain the sex susceptibility in incidence of cryptococcosis. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:44. [PMID: 31477151 PMCID: PMC6720413 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptococcus neoformans, the causative agent of cryptococcosis, causes ~ 181,000 deaths annually, with males having a higher incidence of disease than females (7M:3F). The reason for this sex bias remains unclear. We hypothesized that this disparity was due to biological differences between the male and female immune response. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were isolated and infected with C. neoformans ± exogenous testosterone or 17-β-estradiol. C. neoformans, B, T, and NK cell proliferation was quantified by flow cytometry. Cytokine analysis was conducted via protein array or ELISA. Serological testing was conducted to determine previous exposure to C. neoformans. Results C. neoformans proliferated more in male PBMCs. T cell percentages in both sexes were lower in infected versus uninfected cells. Male PBMCs had lower CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells percentages during infection compared to females. Cytokine profiles showed differences in uninfected male and female PBMCs, which subsided during infection. Only one donor was sero-negative for prior C. neoformans exposure. There was an effect of estrogen in one dataset. Conclusions These results suggest that males show an inherent deficit in T cell response during infection, which may contribute to the increased incidence of disease in males. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-019-0258-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany E Guess
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Joseph Rosen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Natalia Castro-Lopez
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Floyd L Wormley
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Erin E McClelland
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA.
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18
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Miyauchi T, Tokura T, Kimura H, Ito M, Umemura E, Sato Boku A, Nagashima W, Tonoike T, Yamamoto Y, Saito K, Kurita K, Ozaki N. Effect of antidepressant treatment on plasma levels of neuroinflammation-associated molecules in patients with somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain around the orofacial region. Hum Psychopharmacol 2019; 34:e2698. [PMID: 31125145 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and atypical odontalgia (AO) are examples of somatic symptom disorders with predominant pain around the orofacial region. Neuroinflammation is thought to play a role in the mechanisms, but few studies have been conducted. We aimed to better understand the role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology and treatment of BMS/AO. METHODS Plasma levels of 28 neuroinflammation-related molecules were determined in 44 controls and 48 BMS/AO patients both pretreatment and 12-week post-treatment with duloxetine. RESULTS Baseline plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1β (p < .0001), IL-1 receptor antagonist (p < .001), IL-6 (p < .0001), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (p < .0001), and platelet-derived growth factor-bb (.04) were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Plasma levels of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p < .001) and decreased with treatment (.009). Plasma levels of eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor decreased significantly with treatment (p < .001, .022, and .029, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory mechanisms may be involved in the pathophysiology and/or treatment response of somatic symptom disorders with predominant pain around the orofacial region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miyauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tokura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eri Umemura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aiji Sato Boku
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wataru Nagashima
- Department of Psychopathology and Psychotherapy/Center for Student Counseling, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Tonoike
- Faculty of Psychological and Physical Sciences, Health Service Center, Aichi Gakuin University, Nisshin, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control Prevention, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Disease Control Prevention, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan.,Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences and Aino University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kurita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Beenakker KGM, Westendorp RGJ, de Craen AJM, Chen S, Raz Y, Ballieux BEPB, Nelissen RGHH, Later AFL, Huizinga TW, Slagboom PE, Boomsma DI, Maier AB. Men Have a Stronger Monocyte-Derived Cytokine Production Response upon Stimulation with the Gram-Negative Stimulus Lipopolysaccharide than Women: A Pooled Analysis Including 15 Study Populations. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:142-153. [PMID: 31230049 PMCID: PMC7098282 DOI: 10.1159/000499840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of bacterial infections and sepsis, as well as the mortality risk from sepsis, is sex specific. These clinical findings have been attributed to sex differences in immune responsiveness. The aim of the present study was to investigate sex differences in monocyte-derived cytokine production response upon stimulation with the gram-negative stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using cytokine data from 15 study populations. Individual data on ex vivo cytokine production response upon stimulation with LPS in whole blood were available for 4,020 subjects originating from these 15 study populations, either from the general population or from patient populations with specific diseases. Men had a stronger cytokine production response than women to LPS for tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, IL-1RA, and IL-10, but not for interferon-γ. The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production response was lower in men than in women. These sex differences were independent of chronological age. As men had higher monocyte concentrations, we normalized the cytokine production responses for monocyte concentration. After normalization, the sex differences in cytokine production response to LPS disappeared, except for IL-10, for which the production response was lower in men than in women. A sex-based approach to interpreting immune responsiveness is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel G M Beenakker
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Rivierduinen Mental Health Institute, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anton J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yotam Raz
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Statistics, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart E P B Ballieux
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander F L Later
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieternella E Slagboom
- Department of Medical Statistics, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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20
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Nguyen L, Castro O, De Dios R, Sandoval J, McKenna S, Wright CJ. Sex-differences in LPS-induced neonatal lung injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8514. [PMID: 31186497 PMCID: PMC6560218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Being of the male sex has been identified as a risk factor for multiple morbidities associated with preterm birth, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Exposure to inflammatory stress is a well-recognized risk factor for developing BPD. Whether there is a sex difference in pulmonary innate immune TLR4 signaling, lung injury and subsequent abnormal lung development is unknown. Neonatal (P0) male and female mice (ICR) were exposed to systemic LPS (5 mg/kg, IP) and innate immune signaling, and the transcriptional response were assessed (1 and 5 hours), along with lung development (P7). Male and female mice demonstrated a similar degree of impaired lung development with decreased radial alveolar counts, increased surface area, increased airspace area and increased mean linear intercept. We found no differences between male and female mice in the baseline pulmonary expression of key components of TLR4-NFκB signaling, or in the LPS-induced pulmonary expression of key mediators of neonatal lung injury. Finally, we found no difference in the kinetics of LPS-induced pulmonary NFκB activation between male and female mice. Together, these data support the conclusion that the innate immune response to early postnatal LPS exposure and resulting pulmonary sequelae is similar in male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna Nguyen
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Odalis Castro
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Robyn De Dios
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jeryl Sandoval
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sarah McKenna
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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21
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Dietary Chitin Particles Called Mimetic Fungi Ameliorate Colitis in Toll-Like Receptor 2/CD14- and Sex-Dependent Manners. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00006-19. [PMID: 30782858 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00006-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is a natural N-acetylglucosamine polymer and a major structural component of fungal cell walls. Dietary chitin is mucoadhesive; anti-inflammatory effects of chitin microparticles (CMPs; 1- to 10-μm diameters) have been demonstrated in models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The goals of this study were to assess (i) whether CMPs among various chitin preparations are the most effective against colitis in male and female mice and (ii) whether host chitin-binding Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and CD14 are required for the anti-inflammatory effect of chitin. We found that colitis in male mice was ameliorated by CMPs and large chitin beads (LCBs; 40 to 70 μm) but not by chitosan (deacetylated chitin) microparticles, oligosaccharide chitin, or glucosamine. In fact, LCBs were more effective than CMPs. In female colitis, on the other hand, CMPs and LCBs were equally and highly effective. Neither sex of TLR2-deficient mice showed anti-inflammatory effects when treated with LCBs. No anti-inflammatory effect of LCBs was seen in either CD14-deficient males or females. Furthermore, an in vitro study indicated that when LCBs and CMPs were digested with stomach acidic mammalian chitinase (AMC), their size-dependent macrophage activations were modified, at least in part, suggesting reduced particle sizes of dietary chitin in the stomach. Interestingly, stomach AMC activity was greater in males than females. Our results indicated that dietary LCBs were the most effective preparation for treating colitis in both sexes; these anti-inflammatory effects of LCBs were dependent on host TLR2 and CD14.
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22
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Hodge R, Mandle HB, Ray S, Tandon S, Peterson M, Henry A, Jahan FA, Bostick RM, Baron JA, Barry EL, Yacoub R, Rutherford RE, Seabrook ME, Fedirko V. Effects of Supplemental Calcium and Vitamin D on Expression of Toll-Like Receptors and Phospho-IKKα/β in the Normal Rectal Mucosa of Colorectal Adenoma Patients. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:707-716. [PMID: 30209117 PMCID: PMC6214739 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in the colorectum, a significant contributor to colorectal carcinogenesis, can be triggered by the activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways such as those initiated by Toll-like receptors (TLR) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Although experimental evidence supports calcium and vitamin D potentially modifying these proinflammatory pathways in the colorectum, human data in these regards are scarce. We investigated supplemental calcium (1,200 mg daily) and/or vitamin D3 (1,000 IU daily) effects on inflammatory signaling pathway-related biomarkers in a subset of 105 participants from a colorectal adenoma recurrence chemoprevention clinical trial. We assessed expression of TLR4 and TLR5, which recognize the bacterial components lipopolysaccharides and flagellin, respectively, and phospho-IKKα/β (pIKKα/β), a biomarker of inflammation, in the normal-appearing rectal crypt epithelium and stroma using standardized, automated immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis. Following 1 year of treatment, TLR4, TLR5, and pIKKα/β expression in the rectal mucosa did not statistically significantly change with vitamin D or calcium supplementation, taken alone or in combination. Several baseline participant characteristics, including body mass index, history of sessile serrated adenomas, high red/processed meat intake, and high levels of rectal epithelial cell proliferation (as measured by MIB-1/Ki-67), were associated with higher baseline expression of TLRs or pIKKα/β. Our findings suggest that vitamin D and calcium may have no substantial effect on the investigated biomarkers. However, several modifiable lifestyle factors may be associated with TLRs and pIKKα/β expression in the normal rectal mucosa, supporting their future investigation as potentially treatable, preneoplastic risk factors for colorectal neoplasms. Cancer Prev Res; 11(11); 707-16. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hodge
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hannah B Mandle
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephen Ray
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sonia Tandon
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Meaghan Peterson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Abigail Henry
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ferdous A Jahan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roberd M Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth L Barry
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Rami Yacoub
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robin E Rutherford
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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23
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Sex differences in the peripheral and central immune responses following lipopolysaccharide treatment in pubertal and adult CD‐1 mice. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 71:94-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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24
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Cytokine secretion responsiveness of lymphomonocytes following cortisol cell exposure: Sex differences. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200924. [PMID: 30048487 PMCID: PMC6062061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress hormone cortisol has been recognized as a coordinator of immune response. However, its different ability to modulate the release of inflammatory mediators in males and females has not been clarified yet. Indeed, the dissection of cortisol specific actions may be difficult due to the complex hormonal and physio-pathological individual status. Herein, the release of inflammatory mediators following increasing cortisol concentrations was investigated in an in vitro model of primary human male and female lymphomonocytes. The use of a defined cellular model to assess sex differences in inflammatory cytokine secretion could be useful to exclude the effects of divergent and fluctuating sex hormone levels occurring in vivo. Herein, the cells were challenged with cortisol concentrations resembling the plasma levels achieving in physiological and stressful conditions. The production of cytokines and other molecules involved in inflammatory process was determined. In basal conditions, male cells presented higher levels of some pro-inflammatory molecules (NF-kB and IDO-1 mRNAs, IL-6 and kynurenine) than female cells. Following cortisol exposure, the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, were increased in male cells. Conversely, in female cells IL-6 release was unchanged and IL-8 levels were decreased. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, did not change in male cells and increased in female cells. Interestingly, kynurenine levels were higher in female cells than in male cells following cortisol stimulus. These results highlighted that cortisol differently affects male and female lymphomonocytes, shifting the cytokine release in favour of a pro-inflammatory pattern in male cells and an anti-inflammatory secretion profile in female cells, opening the way to study the influences of other stressful factors involved in the neurohumoral changes occurring in the response to stress conditions.
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25
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O'Driscoll DN, Greene CM, Molloy EJ. Immune function? A missing link in the gender disparity in preterm neonatal outcomes. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 13:1061-1071. [PMID: 28972799 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1386555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In neonatology, males exhibit a more severe disease course and poorer prognosis in many pathological states when compared to females. Perinatal brain injury, respiratory morbidity, and sepsis, among other complications, preferentially affect males. Preterm neonates (born <37 weeks gestation) display a particularly marked sexual disparity in pathology, especially at the borders of viability. The sex biases in preterm neonatal outcomes and underlying multifactorial mechanisms have been incompletely explored. Sex-specific clinical phenomena may be partially explained by intrinsic differences in immune function. The distinct immune system of preterm neonates renders this patient population vulnerable, and it is increasingly important to consider biological sex in disease processes and to strive for improved outcomes for both sexes. Areas covered: We discuss the cellular responses and molecular intermediates in immune function which are strongly dependent on sex-specific factors such as the genetic and hormonal milieu of premature birth and consider novel findings in a clinical context. Expert commentary: The role of immune function in the manifestation of sex-specific disease manifestations and outcomes in preterm neonates is a critical prognostic variable. Further mechanistic elucidation will yield valuable translational and clinical information of disease processes in preterm neonates which may be harnessed for modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N O'Driscoll
- a Neonatology , National Maternity Hospital , Dublin , Ireland.,b Pediatrics, Trinity College, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences , The University of Dublin, National Children's Hospital, AMNCH , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Catherine M Greene
- c Clinical Microbiology , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- a Neonatology , National Maternity Hospital , Dublin , Ireland.,b Pediatrics, Trinity College, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences , The University of Dublin, National Children's Hospital, AMNCH , Dublin , Ireland.,d Neonatology , Coombe Women and Infants' University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland.,e Neonatology , Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin , Dublin , Ireland
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26
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O'Driscoll DN, McGovern M, Greene CM, Molloy EJ. Gender disparities in preterm neonatal outcomes. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:1494-1499. [PMID: 29750838 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM From birth to old age, males generally have poorer disease outcomes compared to females. Preterm infants display a marked gender disparity in disease outcomes, and the underlying mechanisms are not well delineated. Our aim was to review the literature on clinical outcomes between preterm infants of different genders and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the differences observed. METHODS A literature review was undertaken for experimental and clinical research related to gender differences in preterm outcomes. RESULTS Preterm male infants appear to have consistently worse outcomes compared to females, and the aetiology of these differences, while mostly undetermined, is likely multifactorial. CONCLUSION The male disadvantage in preterm outcomes is likely multifactorial with hormonal, genetic and immunological differences likely playing key roles. Gender is an important variable in preterm outcome and should be considered when designing clinical and experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N O'Driscoll
- Paediatrics, Academic Centre, Tallaght Hospital, Trinity College and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James' Hospital, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew McGovern
- Paediatrics, Academic Centre, Tallaght Hospital, Trinity College and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James' Hospital, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine M Greene
- Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- Paediatrics, Academic Centre, Tallaght Hospital, Trinity College and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James' Hospital, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Neonatology, Coombe Women and Infants' University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Neonatology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Soler L, Oswald I. The importance of accounting for sex in the search of proteomic signatures of mycotoxin exposure. J Proteomics 2018; 178:114-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Clark EL, Bush SJ, McCulloch MEB, Farquhar IL, Young R, Lefevre L, Pridans C, Tsang HG, Wu C, Afrasiabi C, Watson M, Whitelaw CB, Freeman TC, Summers KM, Archibald AL, Hume DA. A high resolution atlas of gene expression in the domestic sheep (Ovis aries). PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006997. [PMID: 28915238 PMCID: PMC5626511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheep are a key source of meat, milk and fibre for the global livestock sector, and an important biomedical model. Global analysis of gene expression across multiple tissues has aided genome annotation and supported functional annotation of mammalian genes. We present a large-scale RNA-Seq dataset representing all the major organ systems from adult sheep and from several juvenile, neonatal and prenatal developmental time points. The Ovis aries reference genome (Oar v3.1) includes 27,504 genes (20,921 protein coding), of which 25,350 (19,921 protein coding) had detectable expression in at least one tissue in the sheep gene expression atlas dataset. Network-based cluster analysis of this dataset grouped genes according to their expression pattern. The principle of 'guilt by association' was used to infer the function of uncharacterised genes from their co-expression with genes of known function. We describe the overall transcriptional signatures present in the sheep gene expression atlas and assign those signatures, where possible, to specific cell populations or pathways. The findings are related to innate immunity by focusing on clusters with an immune signature, and to the advantages of cross-breeding by examining the patterns of genes exhibiting the greatest expression differences between purebred and crossbred animals. This high-resolution gene expression atlas for sheep is, to our knowledge, the largest transcriptomic dataset from any livestock species to date. It provides a resource to improve the annotation of the current reference genome for sheep, presenting a model transcriptome for ruminants and insight into gene, cell and tissue function at multiple developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Clark
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Bush
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mary E. B. McCulloch
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Iseabail L. Farquhar
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Young
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Lefevre
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Pridans
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hiu G. Tsang
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Department of Integrative and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Cyrus Afrasiabi
- Department of Integrative and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Mick Watson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - C. Bruce Whitelaw
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C. Freeman
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kim M. Summers
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Mater Research Institute and University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alan L. Archibald
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Mater Research Institute and University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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29
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Flannery LE, Henry RJ, Kerr DM, Finn DP, Roche M. FAAH, but not MAGL, inhibition modulates acute TLR3-induced neuroimmune signaling in the rat, independent of sex. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:989-1001. [PMID: 28726298 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 is a key component of the innate immune response to viral infection. The present study firstly examined whether sex differences exist in TLR3-induced inflammatory, endocrine, and sickness responses. The data revealed that TLR3-induced expression of interferon- or NFkB-inducible genes (IFN-α/β, IP-10, or TNF-α), either peripherally (spleen) or centrally (hypothalamus), did not differ between male and female rats, with the exception of TLR3-induced IFN-α expression in the spleen of female, but not male, rats 8 hr post TLR3 activation. Furthermore, TLR3 activation increased plasma corticosterone levels, induced fever, and reduced locomotor activity and body weight - effects independent of sex. Thus, the acute-phase inflammatory, endocrine, and sickness responses to TLR3 activation exhibit minimal sex-related differences. A further aim of this study was to examine whether enhancing endocannabinoid tone - namely, 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) or N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), exhibited similar effects on TLR3-induced inflammatory responses in male versus female rats. Systemic administration of the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor MJN110 and subsequent increases in 2-AG levels did not alter the TLR3-induced increase in IP-10, IRF7, or TNF-α expression in the spleen or the hypothalamus of male or female rats. In contrast, the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 increased levels of AEA and related N-acylethanolamines, an effect associated with the attenuation of TLR3-induced inflammatory responses in the hypothalamus, but not the spleen, of male and female rats. These data support a role for FAAH, but not MAGL, substrates in the modulation of TLR3-induced neuroinflammatory responses, effects independent of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E Flannery
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- NCBES Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rebecca J Henry
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- NCBES Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel M Kerr
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- NCBES Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Finn
- NCBES Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Roche
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- NCBES Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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30
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Wissing TB, Bonito V, Bouten CVC, Smits AIPM. Biomaterial-driven in situ cardiovascular tissue engineering-a multi-disciplinary perspective. NPJ Regen Med 2017; 2:18. [PMID: 29302354 PMCID: PMC5677971 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-017-0023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a persistent and growing clinical need for readily-available substitutes for heart valves and small-diameter blood vessels. In situ tissue engineering is emerging as a disruptive new technology, providing ready-to-use biodegradable, cell-free constructs which are designed to induce regeneration upon implantation, directly in the functional site. The induced regenerative process hinges around the host response to the implanted biomaterial and the interplay between immune cells, stem/progenitor cell and tissue cells in the microenvironment provided by the scaffold in the hemodynamic environment. Recapitulating the complex tissue microstructure and function of cardiovascular tissues is a highly challenging target. Therein the scaffold plays an instructive role, providing the microenvironment that attracts and harbors host cells, modulating the inflammatory response, and acting as a temporal roadmap for new tissue to be formed. Moreover, the biomechanical loads imposed by the hemodynamic environment play a pivotal role. Here, we provide a multidisciplinary view on in situ cardiovascular tissue engineering using synthetic scaffolds; starting from the state-of-the art, the principles of the biomaterial-driven host response and wound healing and the cellular players involved, toward the impact of the biomechanical, physical, and biochemical microenvironmental cues that are given by the scaffold design. To conclude, we pinpoint and further address the main current challenges for in situ cardiovascular regeneration, namely the achievement of tissue homeostasis, the development of predictive models for long-term performances of the implanted grafts, and the necessity for stratification for successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar B Wissing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Bonito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anthal I P M Smits
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Fedirko V, Tran HQ, Gewirtz AT, Stepien M, Trichopoulou A, Aleksandrova K, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Carbonnel F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Severi G, Kühn T, Kaaks R, Boeing H, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Grioni S, Panico S, Palli D, Tumino R, Naccarati A, Peeters PH, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Weiderpass E, Castaño JMH, Barricarte A, Sánchez MJ, Dorronsoro M, Quirós JR, Agudo A, Sjöberg K, Ohlsson B, Hemmingsson O, Werner M, Bradbury KE, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Tsilidis KK, Aune D, Scalbert A, Romieu I, Riboli E, Jenab M. Exposure to bacterial products lipopolysaccharide and flagellin and hepatocellular carcinoma: a nested case-control study. BMC Med 2017; 15:72. [PMID: 28372583 PMCID: PMC5379669 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leakage of bacterial products across the gut barrier may play a role in liver diseases which often precede the development of liver cancer. However, human studies, particularly from prospective settings, are lacking. METHODS We used a case-control study design nested within a large prospective cohort to assess the association between circulating levels of anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anti-flagellin immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G (IgG) (reflecting long-term exposures to LPS and flagellin, respectively) and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 139 men and women diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma between 1992 and 2010 were matched to 139 control subjects. Multivariable rate ratios (RRs), including adjustment for potential confounders, hepatitis B/C positivity, and degree of liver dysfunction, were calculated with conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Antibody response to LPS and flagellin was associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (highest vs. lowest quartile: RR = 11.76, 95% confidence interval = 1.70-81.40; P trend = 0.021). This finding did not vary substantially by time from enrollment to diagnosis, and did not change after adjustment for chronic infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings, based on exposures up to several years prior to diagnosis, support a role for gut-derived bacterial products in hepatocellular carcinoma development. Further study into the role of gut barrier failure and exposure to bacterial products in liver diseases is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Hao Quang Tran
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Magdalena Stepien
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, 13 Kaisareias Street, Athens, GR-115 27, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start-up Lab, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Franck Carbonnel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University hospitals Paris-Sud, Site de Bicêtre, Paris Sud University, Paris XI, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
- Cancer Council Victoria and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Christina Bamia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, 13 Kaisareias Street, Athens, GR-115 27, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, 13 Kaisareias Street, Athens, GR-115 27, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Via Venezian, 1 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica Echirurgia Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic -M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, ASP, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, HuGeF, Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H B Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - José María Huerta Castaño
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klas Sjöberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hemmingsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Kirurgcentrum, Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mårten Werner
- Department of Medicine Sections for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Umeå University Hospital, SE-90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathryn E Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
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The Role of Sex and Sex Hormones in Regulating Obesity-Induced Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:65-86. [PMID: 29224091 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic and non-metabolic complications due to obesity are becoming more prevalent, yet our understanding of the mechanisms driving these is not. This is due to individual risk factor variability making it difficult to predict disease outcomes such as diabetes and insulin resistance. Gender is a critical factor in obesity outcomes with women having more adiposity but reduced metabolic complications compared to men. The role of immune system activation during obesity is an emerging field that links adiposity to metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, evidence from animal models suggests that sex differences exist in immune responses and, therefore, could be a possible mechanism leading to sex differences in metabolic disease. While there is still much to learn in the area of sex-differences research, this chapter will review the current knowledge and literature detailing the role of sex and sex hormones on adiposity and metabolically induced inflammation in obesity.
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Emokpae MA, Mrakpor BA. Do Sex Differences in Respiratory Burst Enzyme Activities Exist in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection? Med Sci (Basel) 2016; 4:medsci4040019. [PMID: 29083382 PMCID: PMC5635792 DOI: 10.3390/medsci4040019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Abiodun Emokpae
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin 300001, Nigeria.
| | - Beatrice Aghogho Mrakpor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin 300001, Nigeria.
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Franconi F, Rosano G, Basili S, Montella A, Campesi I. Human cells involved in atherosclerosis have a sex. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:983-1001. [PMID: 27915217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of sex has been largely described in cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is a complex process that involves many cell types such as vessel cells, immune cells and endothelial progenitor cells; however, many, if not all, studies do not report the sex of the cells. This review focuses on sex differences in human cells involved in the atherosclerotic process, emphasizing the role of sex hormones. Furthermore, we report sex differences and issues related to the processes that determine the fate of the cells such as apoptotic and autophagic mechanisms. The analysis of the data reveals that there are still many gaps in our knowledge regarding sex influences in atherosclerosis, largely for the cell types that have not been well studied, stressing the urgent need for a clear definition of experimental conditions and the inclusion of both sexes in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Assessorato alle Politiche per la Persona of Basilicata Region, Potenza, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Basili
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Research Center on Gender and Evaluation and Promotion of Quality in Medicine (CEQUAM), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Montella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Osilo, Italy.
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Campesi I, Marino M, Montella A, Pais S, Franconi F. Sex Differences in Estrogen Receptor α and β Levels and Activation Status in LPS-Stimulated Human Macrophages. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:340-345. [PMID: 27171902 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immune function, inflammation, and atherosclerosis display sex differences and are influenced by 17β-estradiol through estrogen receptors subtypes ERα and ERβ. Male tissues express active ERs, but their possible involvement in inflammation in males has never been assessed. Macrophages express both ERα and ERβ and offer the opportunity to evaluate the role of ER levels and activation in inflammation. We assessed the ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to modulate, in a sex-specific way, the expression and the activation status of ERα and ERβ in blood monocytes-derived macrophages (MDMs) from men and women. MDMs were incubated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 24 h and used to evaluate ERα, ERβ, P-ERα, p38, and P-p38 expression by Western Blotting. In basal conditions, ERα and ERβ were significantly higher in female MDMs than in male MDMs. LPS up-regulated ERα and ERα phosphorylation in both sexes, with a significantly higher effect observed in male MDMs, and down-regulated ERβ level only in female MDMs. p38 and P-p38 proteins, indicative of ERβ activity, did not show sex differences both in basal conditions and after LPS treatment. Finally, ERα/ERβ and P-ERα/ERα ratios were significantly higher in male MDMs than in female ones. Our data indicate, for the first time, that LPS affects ERα but not ERβ activation status. We identify a significant role of ERα in LPS-mediated inflammatory responses in MDMs, which represents an initial step in understanding the influence of sex in the relationship between LPS and ERα. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 340-345, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Campesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. .,Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Osilo, Italy.
| | - Maria Marino
- Cell Physiology Lab, Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Montella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sara Pais
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Flavia Franconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Assessorato alle Politiche per la Persona of Basilicata Region, Potenza, Italy
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Everhardt Queen A, Moerdyk-Schauwecker M, McKee LM, Leamy LJ, Huet YM. Differential Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines and Stress Genes in Male and Female Mice in Response to a Lipopolysaccharide Challenge. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152289. [PMID: 27120355 PMCID: PMC4847773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex plays a key role in an individual's immune response against pathogenic challenges such that females fare better when infected with certain pathogens. It is thought that sex hormones impact gene expression in immune cells and lead to sexually dimorphic responses to pathogens. We predicted that, in the presence of E. coli gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS), there would be a sexually dimorphic response in proinflammatory cytokine production and acute phase stress gene expression and that these responses might vary among different mouse strains and times in a pattern opposite to that of body temperature associated with LPS-induced shock. MATERIALS AND METHODS Interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-Iβ (MIP-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as well as beta-fibrinogen (Fgb) and metallothionein-1 (Mt-1) mRNA expression were measured at four time points (0, 2, 4 and 7 hours) after injection of E. coli LPS in mice from three inbred strains. RESULTS Statistical analysis using analyses of variance (ANOVAs) showed that the levels of the all six traits changed over time, generally peaking at 2 hours after LPS injection. Mt-1, Fgb, and IL-6 showed differences among strains, although these were time-specific. Sexual dimorphism was seen for Fgb and IL6, and was most pronounced at the latest time period (7 hours) where male levels exceeded those for females. Trends for all six cytokine/gene expression traits were negatively correlated with those for body temperatures. DISCUSSION The higher levels of expression of Fgb and IL6 in males compared with females are consistent with the greater vulnerability of males to infection and subsequent inflammation. Temperature appears to be a useful proxy for mortality in endotoxic shock, but sexual dimorphism in cytokine and stress gene expression levels may persist after an LPS challenge even if temperatures in the two sexes are similar and have begun to stabilize.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leslie M. McKee
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Kinesiology, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | - Larry J. Leamy
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biology, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | - Yvette M. Huet
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Kinesiology, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
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Yuan J, Wang L, Lin Y, Chen J, Hu J. Differences of plasma IL-1 and TNF-α in healthy Chinese Population. Open Med (Wars) 2015; 10:306-310. [PMID: 28352710 PMCID: PMC5152990 DOI: 10.1515/med-2015-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin- 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), involved in the regulations of various immune responses, inflammatory processes and hematopoiesis. In the present study, the expression levels of IL-1 and TNF-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following the cytokine blockade as a successful clinical therapy for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, the patients are more susceptible to a variety of opportunistic infections. IL-1 and TNF-α may be useful predictive biomarkers of diseases and offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention of inflammatory diseases. However, our results showed that the plasma IL-1 level was significantly higher in women compared to men (69.5 ± 19.8 pg/ml in men and 80.1 ± 19.5 pg/ml in women, respectively); the plasma levels of TNF-α were higher in men than women (20.8 ± 4.9 pg/ml and 18.7 ± 7.1 pg/ml, respectively). The significant gender difference of plasma interleukin-1 (IL-1) and TNF-α levels present in healthy adults in Jiangsu Province, China (P=0.002 and P=0.015, respectively), and may be as a hint for sex differences of susceptibility to many diseases and elementary immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Yuan
- Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, 2 Xinmin West Road, Danyang, 212300, China, Tel.: +86 511 86523551; Danyang affiliated Hospital with Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Danyang Blood Center of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China
| | - Yijin Lin
- Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China. Danyang affiliated Hospital with Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China. Danyang affiliated Hospital with Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China
| | - Jianghong Hu
- Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China. Danyang affiliated Hospital with Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, China
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Singer K, Maley N, Mergian T, DelProposto J, Cho KW, Zamarron BF, Martinez-Santibanez G, Geletka L, Muir L, Wachowiak P, Demirjian C, Lumeng CN. Differences in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Contribute to Sexually Dimorphic Inflammatory Responses to High Fat Diet-induced Obesity. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13250-62. [PMID: 25869128 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.634568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Women of reproductive age are protected from metabolic disease relative to postmenopausal women and men. Most preclinical rodent studies are skewed toward the use of male mice to study obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction because of a similar protection observed in female mice. How sex differences in obesity-induced inflammatory responses contribute to these observations is unknown. We have compared and contrasted the effects of high fat diet-induced obesity on glucose metabolism and leukocyte activation in multiple depots in male and female C57Bl/6 mice. With both short term and long term high fat diet, male mice demonstrated increased weight gain and CD11c(+) adipose tissue macrophage content compared with female mice despite similar degrees of adipocyte hypertrophy. Competitive bone marrow transplant studies demonstrated that obesity induced a preferential contribution of male hematopoietic cells to circulating leukocytes and adipose tissue macrophages compared with female cells independent of the sex of the recipient. Sex differences in macrophage and hematopoietic cell in vitro activation in response to obesogenic cues were observed to explain these results. In summary, this report demonstrates that male and female leukocytes and hematopoietic stem cells have cell-autonomous differences in their response to obesity that contribute to an amplified response in males compared with females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nidhi Maley
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease
| | - Taleen Mergian
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease
| | | | - Kae Won Cho
- the Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 330-930, Korea, and
| | - Brian F Zamarron
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, the Graduate Program in Immunology, and
| | - Gabriel Martinez-Santibanez
- the Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Lynn Geletka
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease
| | - Lindsey Muir
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease
| | - Phillip Wachowiak
- the College of Literature, Sciences, and Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103
| | - Chaghig Demirjian
- the College of Literature, Sciences, and Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, the Graduate Program in Immunology, and the Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Kiedrowicz M, Dembowska E, Banach J, Safranow K, Pynka S. A comparison of the periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes based on glycated haemoglobin levels and other risk factors. Adv Med Sci 2015; 60:156-61. [PMID: 25723568 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes based on glycated haemoglobin levels and other risk factors. MATERIAL/METHODS 75 patients with DM2 were grouped according to glycemic control: 40 subjects with HbA1c<7.0% and 35 subjects with HbA1c≥7.0%. We performed measurements of HbA1c, C-reactive protein (CRP), Approximal Plaque Index (API), Gingival Severity Index (GSI), tooth mobility (TM) as well as periodontal parameters such as probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Age, gender and duration of the disease were analyzed too. RESULTS No significant differences in PD, CAL, API, GSI and TM were found between the analyzed groups. HbA1c positively correlated with CRP (p=0.046) and the duration of DM2 (p=0.012) but not with the periodontal parameters. Patients' age was positively correlated with both the duration of DM2 (p=0.002) and CAL (p=0.034). Regardless of HbA1c, men had significantly worse periodontal parameters compared to women (respectively: PD 2.73mm vs. 2.18mm, p=0.01; CAL 3.84mm vs. 2.54mm, p=0.005; proportion of deep pockets 9.06% vs. 2.97%, p=0.01; proportion of teeth with grade 2 mobility 9.14% vs. 2.8%, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The selected group of patients attending the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic showed a similar periodontal status with regard to glycated haemoglobin levels and other risk factors except gender. Male gender turned out to be a significant risk factor for periodontal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elżbieta Dembowska
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Banach
- Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Pynka
- Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, M. Curie Hospital, Szczecin, Poland
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Li D, Wang X, Lan X, Li Y, Liu L, Yi J, Li J, Sun Q, Wang Y, Li H, Zhong N, Holmdahl R, Lu S. Down-regulation of miR-144 elicits proinflammatory cytokine production by targeting toll-like receptor 2 in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis of high-fat-diet-induced metabolic syndrome E3 rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 402:1-12. [PMID: 25534427 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze regulatory microRNA(s) leading to increased TLR2 expression in livers of high-fat-diet induced metabolic syndrome (HFD-MetS) in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS TLRs, inflammatory cytokines, candidate miRNAs targeting key TLR and its cellular localization were determined in liver. The miR-144 targeting TLR2 and regulating TLR2 signaling were further determined by dual luciferase reporter assay and miR-144 mimics or inhibitor. RESULTS Expression of miR-144 was negatively correlated with TLR2 expression in Kupffer cells. The miR-144 bound to 3'UTR of rat TLR2 mRNA. In addition, compared to control group, TLR2, TNF-α, IFN-γ and activation of NF-κB decreased after miR-144 mimic challenge in NR8383 cells and BMM from E3 rats, which could be compensated by Pam3CSK4; while opposite effects on their expressions were observed after miR-144 inhibitor administration, augmented by Pam3CSK4. CONCLUSION Decreased miR-144 could enhance TNF-α and IFN-γ production by targeting TLR2 in vitro, and might contribute to TLR2 up-regulation and the progression of NASH in HFD-MetS E3 rats. This might offer a novel and potential target for NASH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yili Wang
- Research Institute of Cancer, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Nannan Zhong
- Xi'an Health School, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
Many preclinical studies in critical care medicine and related disciplines rely on hypothesis-driven research in mice. The underlying premise posits that mice sufficiently emulate numerous pathophysiologic alterations produced by trauma/sepsis and can serve as an experimental platform for answering clinically relevant questions. Recently, the lay press severely criticized the translational relevance of mouse models in critical care medicine. A series of provocative editorials were elicited by a highly publicized research report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS; February 2013), which identified an unrecognized gene expression profile mismatch between human and murine leukocytes following burn/trauma/endotoxemia. Based on their data, the authors concluded that mouse models of trauma/inflammation are unsuitable for studying corresponding human conditions. We believe this conclusion was not justified. In conjunction with resulting negative commentary in the popular press, it can seriously jeopardize future basic research in critical care medicine. We will address some limitations of that PNAS report to provide a framework for discussing its conclusions and attempt to present a balanced summary of strengths/weaknesses of use of mouse models. While many investigators agree that animal research is a central component for improved patient outcomes, it is important to acknowledge known limitations in clinical translation from mouse to man. The scientific community is responsible to discuss valid limitations without overinterpretation. Hopefully, a balanced view of the strengths/weaknesses of using animals for trauma/endotoxemia/critical care research will not result in hasty discount of the clear need for using animals to advance treatment of critically ill patients.
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Flock MR, Skulas-Ray AC, Harris WS, Gaugler TL, Fleming JA, Kris-Etherton PM. Effects of supplemental long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid content on circulating inflammatory markers in a randomized controlled trial of healthy adults. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:161-8. [PMID: 25091379 PMCID: PMC4156902 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated (n-3 PUFA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may have anti-inflammatory effects. We evaluated the dose-response effect of EPA+DHA supplementation on circulating TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP and explored associations between red blood cell (RBC) membrane PUFA content and TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP. Young adults with low fish intake (n=116) received one of five doses (0, 300, 600, 900, or 1,800 mg/d EPA+DHA) for 5 months. There were no significant effects of supplemental EPA+DHA on IL-6 or CRP; however, there was a marginal treatment effect for TNF-α (p<0.08). At baseline, higher quartiles of RBC DHA were associated with lower TNF-α (p=0.001); higher quartiles of arachidonic acid were associated with higher TNF-α (p=0.005). EPA+DHA supplementation had no dose-response effect on TNF-α, IL-6, or CRP in healthy young adults; however, associations between inflammatory markers and RBC PUFA warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Flock
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| | - Ann C Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
| | - William S Harris
- Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc., Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Trent L Gaugler
- Department of Mathematics, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, United States
| | - Jennifer A Fleming
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
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43
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Amer MS, Farid TM, Wahba HMF, Saber HGEA, Abdelwahab RR. Inflammatory Markers in Frail Elderly Egyptian Adults and the Difference between the Sexes. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:1400-2. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moatassem S. Amer
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department; Faculty of Medicine; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Tamer M. Farid
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department; Faculty of Medicine; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Hoda M. F. Wahba
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department; Faculty of Medicine; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Heba G. E. A. Saber
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department; Faculty of Medicine; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Randa R. Abdelwahab
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
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44
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Krementsov DN, Noubade R, Dragon JA, Otsu K, Rincon M, Teuscher C. Sex-specific control of central nervous system autoimmunity by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in myeloid cells. Ann Neurol 2014; 75:50-66. [PMID: 24027119 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by a global increasing incidence driven by relapsing-remitting disease in females. Investigators have described p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as a key regulator of inflammatory responses in autoimmunity, but its role in the sexual dimorphism in MS or MS models remains unexplored. METHODS Toward this end, we used experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the principal animal model of MS, combined with pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of p38 MAPK activity and transcriptomic analyses. RESULTS Pharmacologic inhibition of p38 MAPK selectively ameliorated EAE in female mice. Conditional deletion studies demonstrated that p38α signaling in macrophages/myeloid cells, but not T cells or dendritic cells, mediated this sexual dimorphism, which was dependent on the presence of adult sex hormones. Analysis of CNS inflammatory infiltrates showed that female but not male mice lacking p38α in myeloid cells exhibited reduced immune cell activation compared with controls, whereas peripheral T-cell priming was unaffected in both sexes. Transcriptomic analyses of myeloid cells revealed differences in p38α-controlled transcripts comprising female- and male-specific gene modules, with greater p38α dependence of proinflammatory gene expression in females. INTERPRETATION Our findings demonstrate a key role for p38α in myeloid cells in CNS autoimmunity and uncover important molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in disease pathogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway represents a novel target for much needed disease-modifying therapies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry N Krementsov
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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45
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Lai PS, Hang JQ, Zhang FY, Lin X, Zheng BY, Dai HL, Su L, Cai T, Christiani DC. Gender differences in the effect of occupational endotoxin exposure on impaired lung function and death: the Shanghai Textile Worker Study. Occup Environ Med 2013; 71:118-125. [PMID: 24297825 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Airborne endotoxin exposure has adverse and protective health effects. Studies show men have augmented acute inflammatory responses to endotoxin. In this longitudinal cohort study we investigated the effect of long-term exposure to endotoxin in cotton dust on health, and determined whether these effects differ by gender. METHODS In the Shanghai Textile Worker Study, 447 cotton and 472 control silk textile workers were followed from 1981 to 2011 with repeated measures of occupational endotoxin exposure, spirometry and health questionnaires. Impaired lung function was defined as a decline in forced expiratory volume in one second to less than the 5th centile of population predicted. Death was ascertained by death registries. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the effect of endotoxin exposure on the time to development of impaired lung function and death. RESULTS 128 deaths and 164 diagnoses of impaired lung function were ascertained between 1981 and 2011. HRs for the composite end point of impaired lung function or death was 1.47 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.97) for cotton vs silk workers and 1.04 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.07) per 10 000 endotoxin units (EU)/m(3)-years increase in exposure. HRs for all-cause mortality was 1.36 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.99) for cotton vs silk workers and 1.04 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.08) per 10 000 EU/m(3)-years. The risk associated with occupational endotoxin exposure was elevated only in men. CONCLUSIONS Occupational endotoxin exposure is associated with an increase in the risk of impaired lung function and all-cause mortality in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy S Lai
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing-Qing Hang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xinyi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bu-Yong Zheng
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hei-Lian Dai
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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46
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Myers ND, Chantratita N, Berrington WR, Chierakul W, Limmathurotsakul D, Wuthiekanun V, Robertson JD, Liggitt HD, Peacock SJ, Skerrett SJ, West TE. The role of NOD2 in murine and human melioidosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:300-7. [PMID: 24298015 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is a cytosolic pathogen recognition receptor that regulates susceptibility to a variety of infections and chronic diseases. Burkholderia pseudomallei, a facultative intracellular bacterium, causes the tropical infection melioidosis. We hypothesized that NOD2 may participate in host defense in melioidosis. We performed a series of in vitro assays and in vivo experiments and analyzed the association of human genetic variation with infection to delineate the contribution of NOD2 to the host response to B. pseudomallei. We found that transfection with NOD2 mediated NF-κB activation induced by B. pseudomallei stimulation of HEK293 cells. After low-dose inoculation with aerosolized B. pseudomallei, Nod2-deficient mice showed impaired clinical responses and permitted greater bacterial replication in the lung and dissemination to the spleen compared with wild-type mice. IL-6 and KC levels were higher in the lungs of Nod2-deficient mice. In a cohort of 1562 Thai subjects, a common genetic polymorphism in the NOD2 region, rs7194886, was associated with melioidosis, and this effect was most pronounced in women. rs7194886 was not associated with differences in cytokine production induced by whole-blood stimulation with the NOD2 ligand, muramyl dipeptide, or B. pseudomallei. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to characterize the role of NOD2 in host defense in mammalian melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle D Myers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
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47
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Bannister EG, Smith C, Visvanathan K, Thompson A, Hardikar W. TLR2 and TLR4 in healthy children: age and gender differences. J Paediatr Child Health 2013; 49:1082-3. [PMID: 24325722 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Bannister
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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48
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Chantratita N, Tandhavanant S, Myers ND, Seal S, Arayawichanont A, Kliangsa-ad A, Hittle LE, Ernst RK, Emond MJ, Wurfel MM, Day NPJ, Peacock SJ, West TE. Survey of innate immune responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei in human blood identifies a central role for lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81617. [PMID: 24303060 PMCID: PMC3841221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
B. pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes the tropical infection melioidosis. In northeast Thailand, mortality from melioidosis approaches 40%. As exemplified by the lipopolysaccharide-Toll-like receptor 4 interaction, innate immune responses to invading bacteria are precipitated by activation of host pathogen recognition receptors by pathogen associated molecular patterns. Human melioidosis is characterized by up-regulation of pathogen recognition receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. In contrast to many gram-negative pathogens, however, the lipopolysaccharide of B. pseudomallei is considered only weakly inflammatory. We conducted a study in 300 healthy Thai subjects to investigate the ex vivo human blood response to various bacterial pathogen associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide from several bacteria, and to two heat-killed B. pseudomallei isolates. We measured cytokine levels after stimulation of fresh whole blood with a panel of stimuli. We found that age, sex, and white blood cell count modulate the innate immune response to B. pseudomallei. We further observed that, in comparison to other stimuli, the innate immune response to B. pseudomallei is most highly correlated with the response to lipopolysaccharide. The magnitude of cytokine responses induced by B. pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide was significantly greater than those induced by lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli and comparable to many responses induced by lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella minnesota despite lower amounts of lipid A in the B. pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide preparation. In human monocytes stimulated with B. pseudomallei, addition of polymyxin B or a TLR4/MD-2 neutralizing antibody inhibited the majority of TNF-α production. Challenging existing views, our data indicate that the innate immune response to B. pseudomallei in human blood is largely driven by lipopolysaccharide, and that the response to B. pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide in blood is greater than the response to other lipopolysaccharide expressing isolates. Our findings suggest that B. pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide may play a central role in stimulating the host response in melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narisara Chantratita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarunporn Tandhavanant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicolle D. Myers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sudeshna Seal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Aroonsri Kliangsa-ad
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Lauren E. Hittle
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mary J. Emond
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Mark M. Wurfel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nicholas P. J. Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon J. Peacock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T. Eoin West
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- International Respiratory and Severe Illness Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Aomatsu M, Kato T, Kasahara E, Kitagawa S. Gender difference in tumor necrosis factor-α production in human neutrophils stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:220-5. [PMID: 24140406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gender difference in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in human neutrophils stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was explored by using peripheral blood neutrophils from young men and women. As compared with female neutrophils, male neutrophils released greater amounts of TNF-α, and exhibited stronger activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in response to LPS stimulation. LPS-induced TNF-α production was markedly enhanced by pretreatment of cells with IFN-γ, and IFN-γ-mediated priming in male neutrophils was significantly greater than that in female neutrophils. Male neutrophils showed higher expression of TLR4, but not IFN-γ receptors, than female neutrophils, and its expression was increased by stimulation with IFN-γ or IFN-γ plus LPS. These findings indicate that male neutrophils show higher responsiveness to stimulation with LPS and IFN-γ than female neutrophils, and suggest that the gender difference in neutrophil responsiveness to LPS and IFN-γ is partly responsible for that in the outcome of sepsis, in which premenopausal women show a favorable prognosis as compared with men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Aomatsu
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Low serum concentration of obestatin as a predictor of mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:796586. [PMID: 24102059 PMCID: PMC3786512 DOI: 10.1155/2013/796586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Obestatin, a proposed anorexigenic gut hormone, has been shown to have a number of beneficial cardiotropic effects in experimental studies. We hypothesized that obestatin alteration in hemodialysis patients may link to clinical outcomes. This cross-sectional study with prospective followup for almost 4 years was performed on 94 prevalent hemodialysis patients. Obestatin, leptin, proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-6, and various nutritional markers were measured. Patients with low obestatin levels, defined as a level less than median, had a worse all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. The crude all-cause (HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.17 to 4.24) and cardiovascular mortality hazard ratios (HR 4.03, 95% CI 1.27 to 12.76) in these patients continued to be significant after adjustment for various confounders for all-cause mortality. Across the four obestatin-TNF-α categories, the group with low obestatin and high TNF-α (above median level) exhibited a worse outcome in both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Clinical characteristics of patients in low obestatin high TNF-α group did not differ from other obestatin-TNF-α categorized groups. In summary, low serum obestatin concentration is an independent predictor of mortality in prevalent hemodialysis patients. Novel interactions were observed between obestatin and TNF-α, which were associated with mortality risk, especially those due to cardiovascular causes.
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