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Islam MR, Akash S, Jony MH, Alam MN, Nowrin FT, Rahman MM, Rauf A, Thiruvengadam M. Exploring the potential function of trace elements in human health: a therapeutic perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2141-2171. [PMID: 36637616 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A trace element, known as a minor element, is a chemical element whose concentration is very low. They are divided into essential and non-essential classes. Numerous physiological and metabolic processes in both plants and animals require essential trace elements. These essential trace elements are so directly related to the metabolic and physiologic processes of the organism that either their excess or deficiency can result in severe bodily malfunction or, in the worst situations, death. Elements can be found in nature in various forms and are essential for the body to carry out its varied functions. Trace elements are crucial for biological, chemical, and molecular cell activity. Nutritional deficits can lead to weakened immunity, increased susceptibility to oral and systemic infections, delayed physical and mental development, and lower productivity. Trace element enzymes are involved in many biological and chemical processes. These compounds act as co-factors for a number of enzymes and serve as centers for stabilizing the structures of proteins and enzymes, allowing them to mediate crucial biological processes. Some trace elements control vital biological processes by attaching to molecules on the cell membrane's receptor site or altering the structure of the membrane to prevent specific molecules from entering the cell. Some trace elements are engaged in redox reactions. Trace elements have two purposes. They are required for the regular stability of cellular structures, but when lacking, they might activate alternate routes and induce disorders. Therefore, thoroughly understanding these trace elements is essential for maintaining optimal health and preventing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maruf Hossain Jony
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Noor Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Feana Tasmim Nowrin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Tawfik SM, Farag AA, Abd-Elaal AA. Fluorescence Naphthalene Cationic Schiff Base Reusable Paper as a Sensitive and Selective for Heavy Metals Cations Sensor: RSM, Optimization, and DFT Modelling. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03426-6. [PMID: 37713015 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are particularly damaging contaminants in the environment, and even trace concentrations represent a risk to human health due to their toxicity. To detect the heavy metals of Mn2+ and Co2+ ions, a novel selective reusable paper-based Fluorescence naked-eye sensor based on naphthalene cationic Schiff base (NCSB) was synthesized and confirmed using FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, and MS tools. Based on a blue to colorless color change in the aqueous solution, the NCSB sensor is utilized to Mn2+ and Co2+ cations selectively among other metal ions (Fe2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Sn2+ and Cr3+). In the aqueous medium, the NCSB sensor displayed high sensitivity, with limits of detection (LOD) values of 0.014 µM (14.08 nM) and 0.041 µM (41.47 nM) for Mn2+ and Co2+ cations, respectively. The paper-based sensor naked-eye detected Mn2+ and Co2+ cations in water at concentrations as low as 0.65 µM (65 nM) and 0.086 µM (86 nM), respectively. It was discovered that 5 min of incubation time and a pH range of 7 to 11 were optimal for the complexation reaction between the Mn2+ and Co2+ ions and the NCSB sensor. Through a static quenching process, the interaction of the different metal ions with the Schiff base group in the NCSB molecule results in the development of a ground-state non-fluorescent complex. NCSB sensor was also successfully applied in analysis of Mn2+ and Co2+ in environmental water with good recoveries of 94.8-105.9%. The theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) studies are in support of experimental interpretations. The links between the input factors and the anticipated response were evaluated using the quadratic model of the response surface methodology (RSM) modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah M Tawfik
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Farag
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
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Carpen LG, Acasandrei MA, Acsente T, Matei E, Lungu I, Dinescu G. In vitro analysis of the cytotoxic effect of two different sizes ITER-like tungsten nanoparticles on human dermal fibroblasts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13849. [PMID: 36895402 PMCID: PMC9988585 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Based on the current configuration of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, tungsten (W) was chosen as the armour material. Nevertheless, during operation, the expected power and temperature of plasma can trigger the formation of W dust in the plasma chamber. According to the scenario for a Loss Of Vacuum Accident (LOVA), in the case of confinement failure dust is released, which can lead to occupational or accidental exposure. Methods For a first evidence of potential risks, fusion devices relevant W dust has been produced on purpose, using a magnetron sputtering gas aggregation source. We aimed to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of synthesized tungsten nanoparticles (W-NPs) with diameters of 30 and 100 nm, on human BJ fibroblasts. That was systematically investigated using different cytotoxic endpoints (metabolic activity, cellular ATP, AK release and caspase-3/7 activity) and by direct observation with optical and scanning electron microscopy. Results Increasing concentrations of W-NPs of both sizes induced cell viability decrease, but the effect was significantly higher for large W-NPs, starting from 200 μg/mL. In direct correlation with the effect on the cell membrane integrity, high concentrations of large W-NPs appear to increase AK release in the first 24 h of treatment. On the other hand, activation of the cellular caspase 3/7 was found significantly increased after 16 h of treatment solely for low concentrations of small W-NPs. SEM images revealed an increased tendency of agglomeration of small W-NPs in liquid medium, but no major differences in cells development and morphology were observed after treatment. An apparent internalization of nanoparticles under the cell membrane was also identified. Conclusion These results provide evidence for different toxicological outputs identified as mechanistic responses of BJ fibroblasts to different sizes of W-NPs, indicating also that small W-NPs (30 nm) display lower cytotoxicity compared to larger ones (100 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Gabriela Carpen
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania.,Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Maria Adriana Acasandrei
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Tomy Acsente
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Elena Matei
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Iulia Lungu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Dinescu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania.,Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
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Sarkar S, Chatterjee A, Biswas K. A Recent Update on Rhodamine Dye Based Sensor Molecules: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-27. [PMID: 36705594 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2169598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein we have discussed such important modified rhodamine compounds which have been used as chemosensors for the last 7-8 years. This review covered some chemosensors for the detection of metal ions like Al(III), Cu(II), Hg(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Au(III), Cr(III), and some anion like CN-. The selectivity, sensitivity, photophysical properties (i.e., UV-Vis spectral studies, fluorescence studies giving special emphasis to absorption wavelength in UV-Vis spectra and excitation and emission wavelength in fluorescence spectra), binding affinity, the limit of detection, and the application of those chemosensors are described clearly. Here we have also discussed some functionalized rhodamine-based chemosensors that emit in the near-infrared region (NIR) and can target lysosomes and detect lysosomal pH. Their versatile applicability in the medicinal ground is also delineated. We have focused on the photophysical properties of spirolactam rhodamine photoswitches and applications in single-molecule localization microscopy and volumetric 3D light photoactivable dye displays. The real-time detection of radical intermediates has also been exemplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Raiganj University, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhik Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Raiganj University, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Kinkar Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
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Bolt AM. Tungsten toxicity and carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 96:119-150. [PMID: 36858771 PMCID: PMC11003356 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten is an emerging contaminant in the environment. Research has demonstrated that humans are exposed to high levels of tungsten in certain settings, primarily due to increased use of tungsten in industrial applications. However, our understanding of the potential human health risks of tungsten exposure is still limited. An important point we have learned about the toxicity profile of tungsten is that it is complex because tungsten can often augment the effects of other co-exposures or co-stressors, which could result in greater toxicity or more severe disease. This has shaped the tungsten toxicology field and the types of research questions being investigated. This has particularly been true when evaluating the toxicity profile of tungsten metal alloys in combination with cobalt. In this chapter, the current state of the tungsten toxicology field will be discussed focusing on data investigating tungsten carcinogenicity and other major toxicities including pulmonary, cardiometabolic, bone, and immune endpoints, either alone or in combination with other metals. Environmental and human monitoring data will also be discussed to highlight human populations most at risk of exposure to high concentrations of tungsten, the forms of tungsten present in each setting, and exposure levels in each population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Bolt
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
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Nantapon T, Naweephattana P, Surawatanawong P, Saetear P, Chantarojsiri T, Ruangsupapichat N. Amino-coumarin-based colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors capable of discriminating Co 2+, Ni 2+, and Cu 2+ ions in solution and potential utilization as a paper-based device. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 282:121662. [PMID: 35905612 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New chemosensors, L1-L3, based on the coumarin Schiff base scaffold with substituent modifications, have been designed and synthesized. The chemosensors L1-L3 exhibited the absorbance and fluorescence spectral changes that can discriminate Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ ions. Sensor L1 demonstrated the ability to respond to Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ ions. Remarkably, the slight modification of substituent on L2 has been observed to cause selective binding to Ni2+ and Cu2+ ions while L3 can specifically detect Cu2+ ions. The in-situ formation of metal and ligand complexes was determined by Job's plot analysis. The limit of detection and the sensing ability of all probes are estimated to be within the range of safe drinking water. Incorporation of the sensing compounds into a paper-based detection system using a laminated paper-based analytical device (LPAD) was demonstrated and found to be consistent to those obtained from the batchwise solution measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanayada Nantapon
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Phiphob Naweephattana
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Panida Surawatanawong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Phoonthawee Saetear
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand
| | - Teera Chantarojsiri
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Ruangsupapichat
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Kopru S, Cadir M, Soylak M. Investigation of Trace Elements in Vegan Foods by ICP-MS After Microwave Digestion. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:5298-5306. [PMID: 35006553 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Veganism is gaining popularity around the world day by day. Vegan nutrition is a diet in which not all animal foods are used. A vegan diet does not contain meat, fish, milk and dairy products, and eggs and consists of vegetables, fruits, grains, legumes, and nuts. Vegan diets maintain energy balances in a wide variety of plant foods. So, health problems can be seen due to nutrient and mineral deficiencies in the long-term continuation of the vegan diet. Due to insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals such as vitamin D, vitamin B12, calcium, iron, and zinc, energy and protein balance in the body may not be achieved by vegan individuals. The contents of aluminum, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and lead have been analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in 10 different vegan foods purchased from Turkey. Certified reference material (1547 peach leaves) was used for validating the digestion procedure. Dry, wet, and microwave processes were compared, and it was found that the microwave digestion method was the best. Element levels in the analyzed samples were found below the legal limits. The purpose of this work is to investigate the trace element content of various foods used in vegan nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semiha Kopru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Technology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cadir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Technology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
- Technology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Jomova K, Makova M, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Rhodes CJ, Valko M. Essential metals in health and disease. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 367:110173. [PMID: 36152810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In total, twenty elements appear to be essential for the correct functioning of the human body, half of which are metals and half are non-metals. Among those metals that are currently considered to be essential for normal biological functioning are four main group elements, sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), and six d-block transition metal elements, manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and molybdenum (Mo). Cells have developed various metallo-regulatory mechanisms for maintaining a necessary homeostasis of metal-ions for diverse cellular processes, most importantly in the central nervous system. Since redox active transition metals (for example Fe and Cu) may participate in electron transfer reactions, their homeostasis must be carefully controlled. The catalytic behaviour of redox metals which have escaped control, e.g. via the Fenton reaction, results in the formation of reactive hydroxyl radicals, which may cause damage to DNA, proteins and membranes. Transition metals are integral parts of the active centers of numerous enzymes (e.g. Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, Catalase) which catalyze chemical reactions at physiologically compatible rates. Either a deficiency, or an excess of essential metals may result in various disease states arising in an organism. Some typical ailments that are characterized by a disturbed homeostasis of redox active metals include neurological disorders (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disorders), mental health problems, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. To comprehend more deeply the mechanisms by which essential metals, acting either alone or in combination, and/or through their interaction with non-essential metals (e.g. chromium) function in biological systems will require the application of a broader, more interdisciplinary approach than has mainly been used so far. It is clear that a stronger cooperation between bioinorganic chemists and biophysicists - who have already achieved great success in understanding the structure and role of metalloenzymes in living systems - with biologists, will access new avenues of research in the systems biology of metal ions. With this in mind, the present paper reviews selected chemical and biological aspects of metal ions and their possible interactions in living systems under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marianna Makova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia; King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Daniyal WMEMM, Fen YW, Saleviter S, Chanlek N, Nakajima H, Abdullah J, Yusof NA. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis of Chitosan-Graphene Oxide-Based Composite Thin Films for Potential Optical Sensing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:478. [PMID: 33540931 PMCID: PMC7867321 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study chitosan-graphene oxide (chitosan-GO) incorporated with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) and cadmium sulfide quantum dot (CdS QD) composite thin films for the potential optical sensing of cobalt ions (Co2+). From the XPS results, it was confirmed that carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen elements existed on the PAR-chitosan-GO thin film, while for CdS QD-chitosan-GO, the existence of carbon, oxygen, cadmium, nitrogen, and sulfur were confirmed. Further deconvolution of each element using the Gaussian-Lorentzian curve fitting program revealed the sub-peak component of each element and hence the corresponding functional group was identified. Next, investigation using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical sensor proved that both chitosan-GO-based thin films were able to detect Co2+ as low as 0.01 ppm for both composite thin films, while the PAR had the higher binding affinity. The interaction of the Co2+ with the thin films was characterized again using XPS to confirm the functional group involved during the reaction. The XPS results proved that primary amino in the PAR-chitosan-GO thin film contributed more important role for the reaction with Co2+, as in agreement with the SPR results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (W.M.E.M.M.D.); (S.S.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Silvan Saleviter
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (W.M.E.M.M.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Narong Chanlek
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Maung, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (N.C.); (H.N.)
| | - Hideki Nakajima
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Maung, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (N.C.); (H.N.)
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
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Patil DJ, Joshi M. Evaluation of Hematological profile in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Cross-sectional Study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:575. [PMID: 33967501 PMCID: PMC8083419 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_65_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to estimate hemoglobin (Hb) level, red cell indices (RCIs), serum iron level and Vitamin B12 level in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and to analyze the association of these parameters in different stages of OSMF. SETTING AND DESIGN This case-control study comprised of 65 individuals, with 40 OSMF patients and 25 controls. The OSMF patients were graded clinically according to the classification by Arakeri et al. Fasting blood samples were collected from both groups for hematological evaluation. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The mean values and standard deviations were calculated by Chi-square test. Normality of various parameters was evaluated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The independent t-test was used to compare more than two means simultaneously. Correlation analysis was done by Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient method. RESULTS The OSMF patients were in the age range of 21-67 years, with a mean age of 39.85 ± 10.42 years. The mean value of Hb of the control group was 14.24 ± 1.03 g/dL, whereas that of OSMF group was 11.18 ± 2.06 g/dL (P < 0.001). The mean value of the serum iron level of the control group was 119.67 ± 42.42 μg/dL, whereas that of the OSMF group was 45.04 ± 10.41 μg/dL (P < 0.001). The mean value of serum Vitamin B12 levels of the control group was 422.98 ± 112.57 μg/dL, whereas that of the OSMF group was 211.78 ± 45.17 μg/dL (P < 0.001). The RCIs including packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb (MCH) and MCH concentration were significantly reduced in OSMF cases. Iron deficiency was present in 38 patients among the study group and Vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 22 patients of the study group. CONCLUSION OSMF causes depletion of minerals and trace elements, and its replenishment is required for the healing of tissues and performing daily routine activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Jatti Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Piparia, Gujarat, India
| | - Manjiri Joshi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manubhai Patel Dental College, Hospital and Oral Research Institute, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Fagbohun OF, Babalola OO, Agboola FK, Joseph JS, Malindisa S, Msagati TAM. Evaluation of Phytochemicals, Antioxidants, Trace Elements in Kigelia africana Fruit Extracts and Chemical Profiling Analysis Using UHPLC-qTOF-MS 2 Spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:679-695. [PMID: 31432445 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed at evaluating the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potentials and the levels of trace elements in the fruit extract of Kigelia africana obtained by different extraction solvents in order to ascertain its numerous pharmacological activities and identify the different chemical compounds responsible for these activities. The crude extract in ethanol and four other solvent fractions (hexane, ethylacetate, butanol and aqueous) were obtained for phytochemical screening. Antioxidant potentials of K. africana fruit were investigated spectrophotometrically using hydroxyl ion scavenging (OH-) activity, metal ion chelating activity, anti-lipid peroxidation activity as well as total antioxidant capacity assays. Trace element (Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cr, Co and Fe) levels were measured using a plasma-emission spectrometer that has an auto sampler AS 93-plus and coupled with Nebulizer CETAC U-6000AT+ after microwave acid digestion of the fruit extracts. Chemical identification was performed using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS2). Kigelia africana fruit extracts obtained showed a variety of bioactive phytochemical compounds including phenolic acids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and glycosides. The total antioxidant capacity activities of the aqueous, butanol, ethanol, hexane and ethylacetate extracts are 15.04, 52.11, 44.95, 79.27 and 175.20 mg AAE/g. Metal ion chelating activity showed significant correlation with lipid peroxidation inhibition activity at p ≤ 0.01 and with OH- scavenging activity at p ≤ 0.05. PCA analysis revealed that all the extract/fractions have higher total antioxidant activities compared to aqueous extract with hexane extract exhibiting the highest radical scavenging potential. HCA showed similarities with three well-defined clusters and PLS regression was used to predict total antioxidant activity. High sensitivity by low values of limits of detection and quantification was observed ranging from 0.021 to 0.085 mg/ml and 0.063 to 0.258 mg/ml for Zn and Fe respectively. Ethylacetate extract had high concentration of Fe (0.5656 mg/kg). For the standardization of the K. africana fruit extract, 244 chemical compounds were identified by measuring m/z values with threshold override of 100,000 and analysing mass spectrometer fragmentation behaviour while 16 of these were confirmed. Kigelia africana fruit extract is a good source of antioxidant and possess maximum accepted concentration of trace elements according to European legislation (1881/2006/EC). The metabolites identified exhibited numerous pharmacological activities. The method and results suggest the applicability for commercial use of this K. africana fruit in the treatment of oxidative-related diseases. Graphical abstract The phytochemical, antioxidant and trace element composition of crude ethanol extract, hexane, butanol, aqueous and ethylacetate extracts of Kigelia africana fruit were determined. The fruit extracts were found to possess good antioxidant activity, maximum acceptable amount of essential trace elements as well as the presence of bioactive phytochemicals. K. africana fruit would be an ideal candidate in improving human health and thus the management of oxidative-related diseases such as diabetes, by involving in the antioxidant defense system against free radical generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo F Fagbohun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, First Technical University, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria.
| | - Olusegun O Babalola
- Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Femi K Agboola
- Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Jitcy S Joseph
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Florida Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, The National Institute of Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sibusiso Malindisa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Florida Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), Florida Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Comparative Assessment of Tungsten Toxicity in the Absence or Presence of Other Metals. TOXICS 2018; 6:toxics6040066. [PMID: 30423906 PMCID: PMC6315525 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten is a refractory metal that is used in a wide range of applications. It was initially perceived that tungsten was immobile in the environment, supporting tungsten as an alternative for lead and uranium in munition and military applications. Recent studies report movement and detection of tungsten in soil and potable water sources, increasing the risk of human exposure. In addition, experimental research studies observed adverse health effects associated with exposure to tungsten alloys, raising concerns on tungsten toxicity with questions surrounding the safety of exposure to tungsten alone or in mixtures with other metals. Tungsten is commonly used as an alloy with nickel and cobalt in many applications to adjust hardness and thermal and electrical conductivity. This review addresses the current state of knowledge in regard to the mechanisms of toxicity of tungsten in the absence or presence of other metals with a specific focus on mixtures containing nickel and cobalt, the most common components of tungsten alloy.
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Lison D, van den Brule S, Van Maele-Fabry G. Cobalt and its compounds: update on genotoxic and carcinogenic activities. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:522-539. [PMID: 30203727 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1491023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes recent experimental and epidemiological data on the genotoxic and carcinogenic activities of cobalt compounds. Emphasis is on the respiratory system, but endogenous exposure from Co-containing alloys used in endoprostheses, and limited data on nanomaterials and oral exposures are also considered. Two groups of cobalt compounds are differentiated on the basis of their mechanisms of toxicity: (1) those essentially involving the solubilization of Co(II) ions, and (2) metallic materials for which both surface corrosion and release of Co(II) ions act in concert. For both groups, identified genotoxic and carcinogenic mechanisms are non-stochastic and thus expected to exhibit a threshold. Cobalt compounds should, therefore, be considered as genotoxic carcinogens with a practical threshold. Accumulating evidence indicates that chronic inhalation of cobalt compounds can induce respiratory tumors locally. No evidence of systemic carcinogenicity upon inhalation, oral or endogenous exposure is available. The scarce data available for Co-based nanosized materials does not allow deriving a specific mode of action or assessment for these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lison
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S van den Brule
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Van Maele-Fabry
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tungsten is an emerging environmental toxicant, yet our understanding of the potential risks of exposure on human health is still limited. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we will discuss populations most at risk of exposure to high concentrations of tungsten. In addition, we will highlight what is known about the toxicity profile of tungsten compounds, based on epidemiological, in vitro, and in vivo studies, focusing on bone, immune, pulmonary, and cancer outcomes. Of note, emerging evidence indicates that tungsten can augment the effects of other stimulants, stressors, and toxicants. Of particular importance may be tungsten-cobalt mixtures that seem to be more toxic than either metal alone. This is important because it means that we cannot just evaluate the toxicity of tungsten in isolation. Finally, we still have limited information of how many of the in vitro and in vivo findings translate to human populations, so it will be important to conduct epidemiology studies in highly exposed populations to adequately address the potential risks of tungsten exposure on human health. Together, we discuss recent findings that support further investigation into the toxicities of tungsten alone and in combination with other metals.
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Liu Y, Hong H, Lu X, Wang W, Liu F, Yang H. L-Ascorbic Acid Protected Against Extrinsic and Intrinsic Apoptosis Induced by Cobalt Nanoparticles Through ROS Attenuation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:428-439. [PMID: 27377067 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, tissue damage induced by cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) and cobalt ions (Co2+) are the most serious syndrome in the patients with metal-on-metal hip prostheses. Therefore, an urgent need exists for the identification of the mechanisms and the development of therapeutic strategies to limit it. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of this damage and to demonstrate if L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) could protect against the cell toxicities induced by CoNPs and Co2+ in vitro. With CoNPs and Co2+ treatment, cell viability was significantly decreased; the ROS (reactive oxygen species) level in mitochondria was dramatically increased in CoNPs treated cells, but cobalt ions could barely induce the ROS. Consistently, the level of cell apoptosis was increased with the upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors (caspases 8, 9, and 3, and Bax) and the downregulation of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. Besides that, the levels of cytochrome c and AIF were increased and released from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. After the cells were pretreated with L-AA, the cell viability decreased by CoNPs was reversed and the ROS induced by CoNPs was suppressed. The level of cell apoptosis induced by CoNPs was decreased as well. But it could not reverse the effects induced by Co2+. These studies demonstrated that CoNPs induce extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways via generation of ROS, and L-AA could prevent the cytotoxicity by reducing the level of ROS. While Co2+ may induce cytotoxicity through other signals, it could not be protected by L-AA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yake Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Armstead AL, Li B. Nanotoxicity: emerging concerns regarding nanomaterial safety and occupational hard metal (WC-Co) nanoparticle exposure. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6421-6433. [PMID: 27942214 PMCID: PMC5138053 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s121238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the number of commercial and consumer products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) continually rises, the increased use and production of these ENMs presents an important toxicological concern. Although ENMs offer a number of advantages over traditional materials, their extremely small size and associated characteristics may also greatly enhance their toxic potentials. ENM exposure can occur in various consumer and industrial settings through inhalation, ingestion, or dermal routes. Although the importance of accurate ENM characterization, effective dosage metrics, and selection of appropriate cell or animal-based models are universally agreed upon as important factors in ENM research, at present, there is no “standardized” approach used to assess ENM toxicity in the research community. Of particular interest is occupational exposure to tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) “dusts,” composed of nano- and micro-sized particles, in hard metal manufacturing facilities and mining and drilling industries. Inhalation of WC-Co dust is known to cause “hard metal lung disease” and an increased risk of lung cancer; however, the mechanisms underlying WC-Co toxicity, the inflammatory disease state and progression to cancer are poorly understood. Herein, a discussion of ENM toxicity is followed by a review of the known literature regarding the effects of WC-Co particle exposure. The risk of WC-Co exposure in occupational settings and the updates of in vitro and in vivo studies of both micro- and nano-WC-Co particles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Armstead
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine; School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
| | - Bingyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine; School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
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18
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Armstead AL, Li B. In vitro inflammatory effects of hard metal (WC-Co) nanoparticle exposure. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6195-6206. [PMID: 27920526 PMCID: PMC5123731 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s121141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) is an important area of research as the number of nanomaterial-based consumer and industrial products continually rises. In addition, the potential inflammatory effects resulting from pulmonary NP exposure are emerging as an important aspect of nanotoxicity. In this study, the toxicity and inflammatory state resulting from tungsten carbide–cobalt (WC–Co) NP exposure in macrophages and a coculture (CC) of lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and macrophages (THP-1) at a 3:1 ratio were examined. It was found that the toxicity of nano-WC–Co was cell dependent; significantly less toxicity was observed in THP-1 cells compared to BEAS-2B cells. It was demonstrated that nano-WC–Co caused reduced toxicity in the CC model compared to lung epithelial cell monoculture, which suggested that macrophages may play a protective role against nano-WC–Co-mediated toxicity in CCs. Nano-WC–Co exposure in macrophages resulted in increased levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-12 secretion and decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). In addition, the polarizing effects of nano-WC–Co exposure toward the M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophage phenotypes were investigated. The results of this study indicated that nano-WC–Co exposure stimulated the M1 phenotype, marked by high expression of CD40 M1 macrophage surface markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Armstead
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine; School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University
| | - Bingyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine; School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Bhattacharya PT, Misra SR, Hussain M. Nutritional Aspects of Essential Trace Elements in Oral Health and Disease: An Extensive Review. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:5464373. [PMID: 27433374 PMCID: PMC4940574 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5464373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Human body requires certain essential elements in small quantities and their absence or excess may result in severe malfunctioning of the body and even death in extreme cases because these essential trace elements directly influence the metabolic and physiologic processes of the organism. Rapid urbanization and economic development have resulted in drastic changes in diets with developing preference towards refined diet and nutritionally deprived junk food. Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity, augmented vulnerability to various oral and systemic diseases, impaired physical and mental growth, and reduced efficiency. Diet and nutrition affect oral health in a variety of ways with influence on craniofacial development and growth and maintenance of dental and oral soft tissues. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are treated with antioxidants containing essential trace elements like selenium but even increased dietary intake of trace elements like copper could lead to oral submucous fibrosis. The deficiency or excess of other trace elements like iodine, iron, zinc, and so forth has a profound effect on the body and such conditions are often diagnosed through their early oral manifestations. This review appraises the biological functions of significant trace elements and their role in preservation of oral health and progression of various oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Tomar Bhattacharya
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Haldia, West Bengal 721645, India
| | - Satya Ranjan Misra
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 753001, India
| | - Mohsina Hussain
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Haldia, West Bengal 721645, India
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20
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Frawley RP, Smith MJ, White KL, Elmore SA, Herbert R, Moore R, Staska LM, Behl M, Hooth MJ, Kissling GE, Germolec DR. Immunotoxic effects of sodium tungstate dihydrate on female B6C3F1/N mice when administered in drinking water. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:666-75. [PMID: 27223060 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2016.1154118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tungsten is a naturally occurring, high-tensile strength element that has been used in a number of consumer products. Tungsten has been detected in soil, waterways, groundwater, and human tissue and body fluids. Elevated levels of tungsten in urine were reported for populations exposed to tungstate in drinking water in areas where natural tungsten formations were prevalent. Published reports indicated that sodium tungstate may modulate hematopoiesis, immune cell populations, and immune responses in rodent models. The objective of this study was to assess potential immunotoxicity of sodium tungstate dihydrate (STD), a drinking water contaminant. Female B6C3F1/N mice received 0-2000 mg STD/L in their drinking water for 28 d, and were evaluated for effects on immune cell populations in spleen and bone marrow, and humoral-mediated, cell-mediated, and innate immunity. Three different parameters of cell-mediated immunity were similarly affected at 1000 mg STD/L. T-cell proliferative responses against allogeneic leukocytes and anti-CD3 were decreased 32%, and 21%, respectively. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity was decreased at all effector:target cell ratios examined. At 2000 mg STD/L, the absolute numbers of CD3(+) T-cell progenitor cells in bone marrow were increased 86%, but the alterations in B-lymphocyte and other progenitor cells were not significant. There were no effects on bone marrow DNA synthesis or colony forming capabilities. STD-induced effects on humoral-mediated immunity, innate immunity, and splenocyte sub-populations were limited. Enhanced histopathology did not detect treatment-related lesions in any of the immune tissues. These data suggest exposure to STD in drinking water may adversely affect cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P Frawley
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Matthew J Smith
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA
| | - Kimber L White
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA
| | - Susan A Elmore
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Ron Herbert
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Rebecca Moore
- c Experimental Pathology Laboratories Inc., Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | | | - Mamta Behl
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Michelle J Hooth
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Grace E Kissling
- e Division of Intramural Research , NIEHS, Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Dori R Germolec
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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Selected aspects of the action of cobalt ions in the human body. Cent Eur J Immunol 2015; 40:236-42. [PMID: 26557039 PMCID: PMC4637398 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.52837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalt is widespread in the natural environment and can be formed as an effect of anthropogenic activity. This element is used in numerous industrial applications and nuclear power plants. Cobalt is an essential trace element for the human body and can occur in organic and inorganic forms. The organic form is a necessary component of vitamin B12 and plays a very important role in forming amino acids and some proteins in nerve cells, and in creating neurotransmitters that are indispensable for correct functioning of the organism. Its excess or deficiency will influence it unfavourably. Salts of cobalt have been applied in medicine in the treatment of anaemia, as well as in sport as an attractive alternative to traditional blood doping. Inorganic forms of cobalt present in ion form, are toxic to the human body, and the longer they are stored in the body, the more changes they cause in cells. Cobalt gets into the body in several ways: firstly, with food; secondly by the respiratory system; thirdly, by the skin; and finally, as a component of biomaterials. Cobalt and its alloys are fundamental components in orthopaedic implants and have been used for about 40 years. The corrosion of metal is the main problem in the construction of implants. These released metal ions may cause type IV inflammatory and hypersensitivity reactions, and alternations in bone modelling that lead to aseptic loosening and implant failure. The ions of cobalt released from the surface of the implant are absorbed by present macrophages, which are involved in many of the processes associated with phagocytose orthopaedic biomaterials particles and release pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and prostaglandin.
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Toledano-Magaña Y, Flores-Santos L, Montes de Oca G, González-Montiel A, Laclette JP, Carrero JC. Effect of Clinoptilolite and Sepiolite Nanoclays on Human and Parasitic Highly Phagocytic Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:164980. [PMID: 26090385 PMCID: PMC4452243 DOI: 10.1155/2015/164980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoclays have potential applications in biomedicine raising the need to evaluate their toxicity in in vitro models as a first approach to its biocompatibility. In this study, in vitro toxicity of clinoptilolite and sepiolite nanoclays (NC) was analyzed in highly phagocytic cultures of amoebas and human and mice macrophages. While amebic viability was significantly affected only by sepiolite NC at concentrations higher than 0.1 mg/mL, the effect on macrophage cultures was dependent on the origin of the cells. Macrophages derived from human peripheral blood monocytes were less affected in viability (25% decrease at 48 h), followed by the RAW 264.7 cell line (40%), and finally, macrophages derived from mice bone marrow monocytes (98%). Moreover, the cell line and mice macrophages die mainly by necrosis, whereas human macrophages exhibit increased apoptosis. Cytokine expression analysis in media of sepiolite NC treated cultures showed a proinflammatory profile (INFγ, IL-1α, IL-8, and IL-6), in contrast with clinoptilolite NC that induced lees cytokines with concomitant production of IL-10. The results show that sepiolite NC is more toxic to amoebas and macrophages than clinoptilolite NC, mostly in a time and dose-dependent manner. However, the effect of sepiolite NC was comparable with talc powder suggesting that both NC have low cytotoxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Toledano-Magaña
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Leticia Flores-Santos
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, S.A. de C.V., Avenida de los Sauces No. 87, Mz 6, Parque Industrial Lerma, 52000 Toluca, Mexico
| | - Georgina Montes de Oca
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, S.A. de C.V., Avenida de los Sauces No. 87, Mz 6, Parque Industrial Lerma, 52000 Toluca, Mexico
| | - Alfonso González-Montiel
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, S.A. de C.V., Avenida de los Sauces No. 87, Mz 6, Parque Industrial Lerma, 52000 Toluca, Mexico
| | - Juan-Pedro Laclette
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Julio-César Carrero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, Mexico
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Armstead AL, Minarchick VC, Porter DW, Nurkiewicz TR, Li B. Acute inflammatory responses of nanoparticles in an intra-tracheal instillation rat model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118778. [PMID: 25738830 PMCID: PMC4349695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hard metal tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) "dusts" in enclosed industrial environments is known to contribute to the development of hard metal lung disease and an increased risk for lung cancer. Currently, the influence of local and systemic inflammation on disease progression following WC-Co exposure remains unclear. To better understand the relationship between WC-Co nanoparticle (NP) exposure and its resultant effects, the acute local pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses caused by WC-Co NPs were explored using an intra-tracheal instillation (IT) model and compared to those of CeO2 (another occupational hazard) NP exposure. Sprague-Dawley rats were given an IT dose (0-500 μg per rat) of WC-Co or CeO2 NPs. Following 24-hr exposure, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and whole blood were collected and analyzed. A consistent lack of acute local pulmonary inflammation was observed in terms of the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid parameters examined (i.e. LDH, albumin, and macrophage activation) in animals exposed to WC-Co NP; however, significant acute pulmonary inflammation was observed in the CeO2 NP group. The lack of acute inflammation following WC-Co NP exposure contrasts with earlier in vivo reports regarding WC-Co toxicity in rats, illuminating the critical role of NP dose and exposure time and bringing into question the potential role of impurities in particle samples. Further, we demonstrated that WC-Co NP exposure does not induce acute systemic effects since no significant increase in circulating inflammatory cytokines were observed. Taken together, the results of this in vivo study illustrate the distinct differences in acute local pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses to NPs composed of WC-Co and CeO2; therefore, it is important that the outcomes of pulmonary exposure to one type of NPs may not be implicitly extrapolated to other types of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Armstead
- Biomaterials, Bioengineering & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Graduate Program, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Valerie C. Minarchick
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Dale W. Porter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Bingyun Li
- Biomaterials, Bioengineering & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Graduate Program, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Armstead AL, Arena CB, Li B. Exploring the potential role of tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) nanoparticle internalization in observed toxicity toward lung epithelial cells in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 278:1-8. [PMID: 24746988 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) has been recognized as a workplace inhalation hazard in the manufacturing, mining and drilling industries by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Exposure to WC-Co is known to cause "hard metal lung disease" but the relationship between exposure, toxicity and development of disease remain poorly understood. To better understand this relationship, the present study examined the role of WC-Co particle size and internalization on toxicity using lung epithelial cells. We demonstrated that nano- and micro-WC-Co particles exerted toxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that nano-WC-Co particles caused significantly greater toxicity at lower concentrations and shorter exposure times compared to micro-WC-Co particles. WC-Co particles in the nano-size range (not micron-sized) were internalized by lung epithelial cells, which suggested that internalization may play a key role in the enhanced toxicity of nano-WC-Co particles over micro-WC-Co particles. Further exploration of the internalization process indicated that there may be multiple mechanisms involved in WC-Co internalization such as actin and microtubule based cytoskeletal rearrangements. These findings support our hypothesis that WC-Co particle internalization contributes to cellular toxicity and suggest that therapeutic treatments inhibiting particle internalization may serve as prophylactic approaches for those at risk of WC-Co particle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Armstead
- Biomaterials, Bioengineering & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Graduate Program, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Christopher B Arena
- Biomaterials, Bioengineering & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E.J. Van Liere Research Program, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Bingyun Li
- Biomaterials, Bioengineering & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Graduate Program, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E.J. Van Liere Research Program, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Zhao J, Bowman L, Magaye R, Leonard SS, Castranova V, Ding M. Apoptosis induced by tungsten carbide-cobalt nanoparticles in JB6 cells involves ROS generation through both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1349-59. [PMID: 23417053 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, apoptosis and related signaling induced by WC-Co nanoparticles were investigated in JB6 cells and rat lung macrophages. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and fluorescent staining indicated that both WC-Co nanoparticles and fine particles stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Catalase exhibited an inhibitory effect on WC-Co nanoparticle-induced ROS as well as mitochondrial membrane permeability damage. Further study indicated that WC-Co nanoparticles elicited higher cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction than fine particles. Western blot analysis showed activation of proapoptotic factors including Fas, Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), caspase 3, 8 and 9, BID and BAX. In addition, both cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were upregulated and released from mitochondria to the cytoplasm. Our findings demonstrate that, on a mass basis, WC-Co nanoparticles exhibit higher cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction than fine particles. Apoptosis induced by WC-Co nanoparticles and fine particles involves both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine of the Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China.
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Hard-metal (WC–Co) particles trigger a signaling cascade involving p38 MAPK, HIF-1α, HMOX1, and p53 activation in human PBMC. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:259-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Shan D, Xie Y, Ren G, Yang Z. Attenuated effect of tungsten carbide nanoparticles on voltage-gated sodium current of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:299-304. [PMID: 22954532 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials and relevant products are now being widely used in the world, and their safety becomes a great concern for the general public. Tungsten carbide nanoparticles (nano-WC) are widely used in metallurgy, aeronautics and astronautics, however our knowledge regarding the influence of nano-WC on neurons is still lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of nano-WC on tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive voltage-activated sodium current (I(Na)) of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Results showed that acute exposure of nano-WC attenuated the peak amplitudes of I(Na) in a concentration-dependent manner. The minimal effective concentration was 10(-5)g/ml. The exposure of nano-WC significantly decreased current amplitudes of the current-voltage curves of I(Na) from -50 to+50 mV, shifted the steady-state activation and inactivation curves of I(Na) negatively and delayed the recovery of I(Na) from inactivation state. After exposure to nano-WC, the peak amplitudes, overshoots and the V-thresholds of action potentials (APs) were markedly reduced. These results suggested that exposure of nano-WC could influence some characteristics of APs evoked from the hippocampal CA1 neurons by modifying the kinetics of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Shan
- College of Medicine Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Inhibitory effect of tungsten carbide nanoparticles on voltage-gated potassium currents of hippocampal CA1 neurons. Toxicol Lett 2011; 209:129-35. [PMID: 22192952 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of tungsten carbide nanoparticles (nano-WC) on the properties of voltage-dependent potassium currents and evoked action potentials were studied in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons of rats at the ages of postnatal days 10-14 using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The results indicated that: (1) the amplitudes of transient outward potassium current (I(A)) and delayed rectifier potassium current (I(K)) were significantly decreased by 10(-7) g/ml nano-WC, while the current-voltage curves of I(A) and I(K) were significantly decreased by nano-WC from +10 to +90 mV. (2) Nano-WC produced a depolarizing shift in the steady-state activation curve of I(A) and I(K) with increased slope factors, and delayed the recovery of I(A) from inactivation, but no significant effects were found on the inactivation of I(A). (3) Nano-WC prolonged the evoked action potential duration and lowered the firing rate. These results suggest that 10(-7) g/ml nano-WC can decrease the amplitudes of I(A) and I(K) currents by reducing the opening number of voltage-gated potassium channels and delaying the recovery of I(A) from inactivation, which indicate that nano-WC has the potential neurotoxicity.
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Verma R, Xu X, Jaiswal MK, Olsen C, Mears D, Caretti G, Galdzicki Z. In vitro profiling of epigenetic modifications underlying heavy metal toxicity of tungsten-alloy and its components. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 253:178-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Saini Y, Greenwood KK, Merrill C, Kim KY, Patial S, Parameswaran N, Harkema JR, LaPres JJ. Acute cobalt-induced lung injury and the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha in modulating inflammation. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:673-81. [PMID: 20511350 PMCID: PMC2905409 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a critical factor in the development and exacerbation of pulmonary diseases. Ozone, automobile exhaust, cigarette smoke, and metallic dust are among the potentially harmful pollution components that are linked to disease progression. Transition metals, such as cobalt, have been identified at significant levels in air pollution. Cobalt exerts numerous biological effects, including mimicking hypoxia. Similar to hypoxia, cobalt exposure results in the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), a family of proteins that regulate the cellular response to oxygen deficit. HIFs also play an important role in innate immunity and inflammatory processes. To characterize the role of HIF1alpha, the most ubiquitously expressed HIF, in the early events during cobalt-induced lung inflammation, an inducible lung-specific HIF1alpha deletion model was employed. Control mice showed classical signs of metal-induced injury following cobalt exposure, including neutrophilic infiltration and induction of Th1 cytokines. In contrast, HIF1alpha-deficient mice exhibited pronounced eosinophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue complemented with Th2 cytokine induction. The timing of these results suggests that the loss of epithelial-derived HIF1alpha alters the lung's innate immune response and biases the tissue toward a Th2-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Saini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Genetics Program
- Center for Integrative Toxicology
| | - Krista K. Greenwood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Center for Integrative Toxicology
| | | | - Kyung Y. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | | | - Jack R. Harkema
- Center for Integrative Toxicology
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation
| | - John J. LaPres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Genetics Program
- Center for Integrative Toxicology
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program
- National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1319
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Gonzalez L, Thomassen LCJ, Plas G, Rabolli V, Napierska D, Decordier I, Roelants M, Hoet PH, Kirschhock CEA, Martens JA, Lison D, Kirsch-Volders M. Exploring the aneugenic and clastogenic potential in the nanosize range: A549 human lung carcinoma cells and amorphous monodisperse silica nanoparticles as models. Nanotoxicology 2010; 4:382-95. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2010.501913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Johnson DR, Ang C, Bednar AJ, Inouye LS. Tungsten effects on phosphate-dependent biochemical pathways are species and liver cell line dependent. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:523-32. [PMID: 20421338 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tungsten, in the form of tungstate, polymerizes with phosphate, and as extensive polymerization occurs, cellular phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions may be disrupted, resulting in negative effects on cellular functions. A series of studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of tungsten on several phosphate-dependent intracellular functions, including energy cycling (ATP), regulation of enzyme activity (cytosolic protein tyrosine kinase [cytPTK] and tyrosine phosphatase), and intracellular secondary messengers (cyclic adenosine monophosphate [cAMP]). Rat noncancerous hepatocyte (Clone-9), rat cancerous hepatocyte (H4IIE), and human cancerous hepatocyte (HepG2) cells were exposed to 1-1000 mg/l tungsten (in the form of sodium tungstate) for 24 h, lysed, and analyzed for the above biochemical parameters. Cellular ATP levels were not significantly affected in any cell line. After 4 h, tungsten significantly decreased cytPTK activity in Clone-9 cells at >or= 18 mg/l, had no effect in H4IIE cells, and significantly increased cytPTK activity by 70% in HepG2 cells at >or= 2 mg/l. CytPTK displayed a slight hormetic response to tungsten after 24-h exposure yet returned to normal after 48-h exposure. Tungsten significantly increased cAMP by over 60% in Clone-9 cells at >or= 100 mg/l, significantly increased cAMP in H4IIE cells at only 100 mg/l, and significantly increased cAMP in HepG2 cells between 1-100 mg/l but at much more modest levels (8-20%). In conclusion, these data indicate that tungsten produces complex results that must be carefully interpreted in the context of their respective animal models, as well as the phenotype of the cell lines (i.e., normal vs. cancerous).
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Johnson
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, USA.
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Busch W, Kühnel D, Schirmer K, Scholz S. Tungsten carbide cobalt nanoparticles exert hypoxia-like effects on the gene expression level in human keratinocytes. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:65. [PMID: 20105288 PMCID: PMC2824725 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tungsten carbide (WC) and tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) nanoparticles are of occupational health relevance because of the increasing usage in hard metal industries. Earlier studies showed an enhanced toxic potential for WC-Co compared to WC or cobalt ions alone. Therefore, we investigated the impact of these particles, compared to cobalt ions applied as CoCl2, on the global gene expression level in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) in vitro. Results WC nanoparticles exerted very little effects on the transcriptomic level after 3 hours and 3 days of exposure. In contrast, WC-Co nanoparticles caused significant transcriptional changes that were similar to those provoked by CoCl2. However, CoCl2 exerted even more pronounced changes in the transcription patterns. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were related to hypoxia response, carbohydrate metabolism, endocrine pathways, and targets of several transcription factors. The role of the transcription factor HIF1 (hypoxia inducible factor 1) is particularly highlighted and aspects of downstream events as well as the role of other transcription factors related to cobalt toxicity are considered. Conclusions This study provides extensive data useful for the understanding of nanoparticle and cobalt toxicity. It shows that WC nanoparticles caused low transcriptional responses while WC-Co nanoparticles are able to exert responses similar to that of free cobalt ions, particularly the induction of hypoxia-like effects via interactions with HIF1α in human keratinocytes. However, the enhanced toxicity of WC-Co particles compared to CoCl2 could not be explained by differences in gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wibke Busch
- UFZ - Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Saini Y, Kim KY, Lewandowski R, Bramble LA, Harkema JR, Lapres JJ. Role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1{alpha} in modulating cobalt-induced lung inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 298:L139-47. [PMID: 19915160 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00252.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia plays an important role in development, cellular homeostasis, and pathological conditions, such as cancer and stroke. There is also growing evidence that hypoxia is an important modulator of the inflammatory process. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are a family of proteins that regulate the cellular response to oxygen deficit, and loss of HIFs impairs inflammatory cell function. There is little known, however, about the role of epithelial-derived HIF signaling in modulating inflammation. Cobalt is capable of eliciting an allergic response and promoting HIF signaling. To characterize the inflammatory function of epithelial-derived HIF in response to inhaled cobalt, a conditional lung-specific HIF1alpha, the most ubiquitously expressed HIF, deletion mouse, was created. Control mice showed classic signs of metal-induced injury following cobalt exposure, including fibrosis and neutrophil infiltration. In contrast, HIF1alpha-deficient mice displayed a Th2 response that resembled asthma, including increased eosinophilic infiltration, mucus cell metaplasia, and chitinase-like protein expression. The results suggest that epithelial-derived HIF signaling has a critical role in establishing a tissue's inflammatory response, and compromised HIF1alpha signaling biases the tissue towards a Th2-mediated reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Saini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Ding M, Kisin ER, Zhao J, Bowman L, Lu Y, Jiang B, Leonard S, Vallyathan V, Castranova V, Murray AR, Fadeel B, Shvedova AA. Size-dependent effects of tungsten carbide-cobalt particles on oxygen radical production and activation of cell signaling pathways in murine epidermal cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 241:260-8. [PMID: 19747498 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hard metal or cemented carbide consists of a mixture of tungsten carbide (WC) (85%) and metallic cobalt (Co) (5-15%). WC-Co is considered to be potentially carcinogenic to humans. However, no comparison of the adverse effects of nano-sized WC-Co particles is available to date. In the present study, we compared the ability of nano- and fine-sized WC-Co particles to form free radicals and propensity to activate the transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-kappaB, along with stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in a mouse epidermal cell line (JB6 P(+)). Our results demonstrated that nano-WC-Co generated a higher level of hydroxyl radicals, induced greater oxidative stress, as evidenced by a decrease of GSH levels, and caused faster JB6 P(+) cell growth/proliferation than observed after exposure of cells to fine WC-Co. In addition, nano-WC-Co activated AP-1 and NF-kappaB more efficiently in JB6(+/+) cells as compared to fine WC-Co. Experiments using AP-1-luciferase reporter transgenic mice confirmed the activation of AP-1 by nano-WC-Co. Nano- and fine-sized WC-Co particles also stimulated MAPKs, including ERKs, p38, and JNKs with significantly higher potency of nano-WC-Co. Finally, co-incubation of the JB6(+/+) cells with N-acetyl-cysteine decreased AP-1 activation and phosphorylation of ERKs, p38 kinase, and JNKs, thus suggesting that oxidative stress is involved in WC-Co-induced toxicity and AP-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ding
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Bastian S, Busch W, Kühnel D, Springer A, Meißner T, Holke R, Scholz S, Iwe M, Pompe W, Gelinsky M, Potthoff A, Richter V, Ikonomidou C, Schirmer K. Toxicity of tungsten carbide and cobalt-doped tungsten carbide nanoparticles in mammalian cells in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:530-6. [PMID: 19440490 PMCID: PMC2679595 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tungsten carbide nanoparticles are being explored for their use in the manufacture of hard metals. To develop nanoparticles for broad applications, potential risks to human health and the environment should be evaluated and taken into consideration. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the toxicity of well-characterized tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt-doped tungsten carbide (WC-Co) nanoparticle suspensions in an array of mammalian cells. METHODS We examined acute toxicity of WC and of WC-Co (10% weight content Co) nanoparticles in different human cell lines (lung, skin, and colon) as well as in rat neuronal and glial cells (i.e., primary neuronal and astroglial cultures and the oligodendrocyte precursor cell line OLN-93). Furthermore, using electron microscopy, we assessed whether nanoparticles can be taken up by living cells. We chose these in vitro systems in order to evaluate for potential toxicity of the nanoparticles in different mammalian organs (i.e., lung, skin, intestine, and brain). RESULTS Chemical-physical characterization confirmed that WC as well as WC-Co nanoparticles with a mean particle size of 145 nm form stable suspensions in serum-containing cell culture media. WC nanoparticles were not acutely toxic to the studied cell lines. However, cytotoxicity became apparent when particles were doped with Co. The most sensitive were astrocytes and colon epithelial cells. Cytotoxicity of WC-Co nanoparticles was higher than expected based on the ionic Co content of the particles. Analysis by electron microscopy demonstrated presence of WC nanoparticles within mammalian cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that doping of WC nanoparticles with Co markedly increases their cytotoxic effect and that the presence of WC-Co in particulate form is essential to elicit this combinatorial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bastian
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wibke Busch
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dana Kühnel
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armin Springer
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Meißner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Holke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Iwe
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Pompe
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annegret Potthoff
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volkmar Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrysanthy Ikonomidou
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Address correspondence to K. Schirmer, Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. Telephone: 41-0-44-823-5266., Fax: 41-0-44-823-5311., E-mail:
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