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Zong H, Hu Z, Li W, Wang M, Zhou Q, Li X, Liu H. Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological and biological links. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:875-888. [PMID: 38376568 PMCID: PMC11139732 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), as alternative nicotine delivery methods, has rapidly increased among youth and adults in recent years. However, cardiovascular safety is an important consideration regarding e-cigarettes usage. e-cigarette emissions, including nicotine, propylene glycol, flavorings, nitrosamine, and metals, might have adverse effects on cardiovascular health. A large body of epidemiological evidence has indicated that e-cigarettes are considered an independent risk factor for increased rates of cardiovascular disease occurrence and death. The incidence and mortality of various types of cardiovascular disease, such as cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, acute coronary syndromes, and heart failure, have a modest growth in vapers (users of e-cigarettes). Although the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully understood, studies have validated that oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hemodynamic effects, and platelet function play important roles in which e-cigarettes work in the human body. This minireview consolidates and discusses the epidemiological and biological links between e-cigarettes and various types of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Zong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhekai Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Weina Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mina Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Hongxu Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
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Qian X, Klatt S, Bennewitz K, Wohlfart DP, Lou B, Meng Y, Buettner M, Poschet G, Morgenstern J, Fleming T, Sticht C, Hausser I, Fleming I, Szendroedi J, Nawroth PP, Kroll J. Impaired Detoxification of Trans, Trans-2,4-Decadienal, an Oxidation Product from Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Alters Insulin Signaling, Gluconeogenesis and Promotes Microvascular Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302325. [PMID: 38059818 PMCID: PMC10811472 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Omega-6 fatty acids are the primary polyunsaturated fatty acids in most Western diets, while their role in diabetes remains controversial. Exposure of omega-6 fatty acids to an oxidative environment results in the generation of a highly reactive carbonyl species known as trans, trans-2,4-decadienal (tt-DDE). The timely and efficient detoxification of this metabolite, which has actions comparable to other reactive carbonyl species, such as 4-hydroxynonenal, acrolein, acetaldehyde, and methylglyoxal, is essential for disease prevention. However, the detoxification mechanism for tt-DDE remains elusive. In this study, the enzyme Aldh9a1b is identified as having a key role in the detoxification of tt-DDE. Loss of Aldh9a1b increased tt-DDE levels and resulted in an abnormal retinal vasculature and glucose intolerance in aldh9a1b-/- zebrafish. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that tt-DDE and aldh9a1b deficiency in larval and adult zebrafish induced insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis. Moreover, alterations in hyaloid vasculature is induced by aldh9a1b knockout or by tt-DDE treatment can be rescued by the insulin receptor sensitizers metformin and rosiglitazone. Collectively, these results demonstrated that tt-DDE is the substrate of Aldh9a1b which causes microvascular damage and impaired glucose metabolism through insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qian
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Stephan Klatt
- Institute for Vascular SignalingCentre for Molecular MedicineGoethe‐Universityam Main60590FrankfurtGermany
- The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner site RheinMain60590FrankfurtGermany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - David Philipp Wohlfart
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Bowen Lou
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
- Present address:
Cardiovascular Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta RoadXi'an710061China
| | - Ye Meng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation CenterThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China
| | - Michael Buettner
- Metabolomics Core Technology PlatformCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology PlatformCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- NGS Core FacilityMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology IPHEM LabHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular SignalingCentre for Molecular MedicineGoethe‐Universityam Main60590FrankfurtGermany
- The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner site RheinMain60590FrankfurtGermany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Peter Paul Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
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Sanad SM, Farouk R, Nassar SE, Alshahrani MY, Suliman M, Ezzat Ahmed A, Eid Elesawi I. The neuroprotective effect of quercetin nanoparticles in the therapy of neuronal damage stimulated by acrolein. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103792. [PMID: 37711970 PMCID: PMC10498005 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A gradual loss of neuronal function or structure causes neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Neurological damage might cause cell death. Acrolein is a high-risk air and water contaminant that causes neurodegenerative disorders. Quercetin has several strategies for treating neurodegenerative disorders but has limited bioavailability inside the body. One of the hypotheses offered to improve quercetin's bioavailability is to convert it into quercetin nanoparticles. This study aims to comprehend the immunohistochemical devastation that might arise in the cerebellum because of acrolein treatment. Furthermore, the protective and ameliorative roles of quercetin nanoparticles against oxidative stress and neurotoxicity induced in mice by acrolein were assessed. Ninety male albino rats weighing 120 to 200 g were used in the present investigation. The animals were split up into the following six groups: the control group, the acrolein-treated group: animals were given acrolein (3 mg/kg) for 30 days, quercetin nanoparticles treated group: animals were given quercetin nanoparticles (30 mg/kg) for 30 days. The administration of acrolein was found to be connected to immunohistochemical abnormalities in the cerebellum. Marked differences were observed in Bax, Bcl-2, TNF-α, and GFAP expressions in the cerebellum. Treatment of rats with quercetin nanoparticles either before or after treatment with acrolein has been found to preserve the cerebellum tissues from the toxic impacts and oxidative stress induced by acrolein. This may open the door to more nanomedicine studies and a new avenue for employing nanoparticles as a therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia M. Sanad
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Sharkia 44519, Egypt
| | - Reham Farouk
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Sharkia 44519, Egypt
| | - Safaa E. Nassar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Sharkia 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muath Suliman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413 Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Eid Elesawi
- Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Li D, Chen Z, Shan Y, Hu T, Hong X, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Fu G, Wang M, Zhang W. Liver enzymes mediate the association between aldehydes co-exposure and hypertriglyceridemia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115346. [PMID: 37579588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes are recognized environmental toxicants that may affect lipid metabolism. For instance, acrolein has been found to increase serum triglyceride (TG) levels exclusively. However, it remains unclear whether other aldehydes are also associated with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), and what mechanisms may be involved. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013-2014) to identify associations between serum aldehydes, liver enzymes, and HTG. Serum aldehydes included crotonaldehyde (CRAL), propanaldehyde (3AL), butyraldehyde (4AL), pentanaldehyde (5AL), isopentanaldehyde (I5AL), and heptanaldehyde (7AL). Liver enzymes included alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). HTG was defined as fasting TG levels ≥ 1.7 mmol/L. Aldehyde co-exposure was quantified using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), while mediation analysis was performed to investigate the role of liver enzymes. Among 1474 participants (mean age 38.6 years, male 50.0%), 426 were diagnosed with HTG. 4AL, 5AL, I5AL, and 7AL were shown to be positively associated with HTG (all P values <0.05). Aldehydes co-exposure was also positively associated with HTG (OR 1.706, 95%CI 1.299-2.240), with 5AL contributing the highest weight (35.3%). Furthermore, aldehydes co-exposure showed positive associations with ALT, AST, and GGT (all P values <0.05), and all four liver enzymes were positively associated with HTG (all P values <0.05). Mediation analysis revealed that liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and GGT) may mediate the associations of 5AL and 7AL with HTG (all P values <0.05). This study identified a positive association between aldehyde co-exposure and HTG, which may be partially mediated by liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanbin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhezhe Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shan
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianli Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xulin Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Li D, Chen Z, Shan Y, Hu T, Hong X, Zhu J, zhu Y, Fu G, Wang M, Zhang W. Liver enzymes mediate the association between aldehydes co-exposure and hypertriglyceridemia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115346. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
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Chen WY, Fu YP, Tu H, Zhong W, Zhou L. The association between exposure to volatile organic compounds and serum lipids in the US adult population. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:129. [PMID: 37568143 PMCID: PMC10422774 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Epidemiological evidence on the relationship between exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), both single and mixed, and serum lipid levels is limited, and their relationship remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to VOCs with serum lipid levels in the US adult population. METHODS AND RESULTS The study examined the association of 16 VOC levels (2-methylhippuric acid, 3- and 4-methylhippuric acid, N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-L-cysteine, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid, N-acetyl-S-(benzyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine. N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine, mandelic acid, N-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-butenyl)-L-cysteine, phenylglyoxylic acid and N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl)-L-cysteine) with total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2015, and a total of 1410 adults were enrolled. The association was evaluated by Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), multiple linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. In BKMR analysis, exposure to VOCs is positively correlated with levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C. However, statistical significance was observed only for the impact on TG. Our linear regression analysis and WQS regression generally support the BKMR results. Several VOCs were positively associated with serum lipid profiles (e.g., the ln-transformed level of mandelic acid (MA) displayed an increase in estimated changes of 7.01 (95% CIs: 2.78, 11.24) mg/dL for TC level), even after the effective number of tests for multiple testing (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to VOCs was associated with serum lipids, and more studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Chen
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 China
| | - Yan-Peng Fu
- Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Minde Road, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Tu
- Nusring Department, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 China
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Klein J, Diaba-Nuhoho P, Giebe S, Brunssen C, Morawietz H. Regulation of endothelial function by cigarette smoke and next-generation tobacco and nicotine products. Pflugers Arch 2023:10.1007/s00424-023-02824-w. [PMID: 37285061 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02824-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the most important avoidable cardiovascular risk factor. It causes endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis and increases the risk of its severe clinical complications like coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Several next-generation tobacco and nicotine products have been developed to decrease some of the deleterious effects of regular tobacco smoking. This review article summarizes recent findings about the impact of cigarette smoking and next-generation tobacco and nicotine products on endothelial dysfunction. Both cigarette smoking and next-generation tobacco products lead to impaired endothelial function. Molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction like oxidative stress, reduced nitric oxide availability, inflammation, increased monocyte adhesion, and cytotoxic effects of cigarette smoke and next-generation tobacco and nicotine products are highlighted. The potential impact of short- and long-term exposure to next-generation tobacco and nicotine products on the development of endothelial dysfunction and its clinical implications for cardiovascular diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Klein
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick Diaba-Nuhoho
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sindy Giebe
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
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McGraw KE, Konkle SL, Riggs DW, Rai SN, DeJarnett N, Xie Z, Keith RJ, Oshunbade A, Hall ME, Shimbo D, Bhatnagar A. Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds Is Associated with Hypertension in Black Adults: The Jackson Heart Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115384. [PMID: 36796615 PMCID: PMC10134439 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of hypertension is higher among Black adults than among White and Hispanic adults. Nevertheless, reasons underlying the higher rates of hypertension in the Black population remain unclear but may relate to exposure to environmental chemicals such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). METHODS We evaluated the associations of blood pressure (BP) and hypertension with VOC exposure in non-smokers and smokers in a subgroup of the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), consisting of 778 never smokers and 416 age- and sex-matched current smokers. We measured urinary metabolites of 17 VOCs by mass spectrometry. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, we found that amoong non-smokers, metabolites of acrolein and crotonaldehyde were associated with a 1.6 mm Hg (95%CI: 0.4, 2.7; p = 0.007) and a 0.8 mm Hg (95%CI: 0.01, 1.6; p = 0.049) higher systolic BP, and the styrene metabolite was associated with a 0.4 mm Hg (95%CI: 0.09, 0.8, p = 0.02) higher diastolic BP. Current smokers had 2.8 mm Hg (95% CI 0.5, 5.1) higher systolic BP. They were at higher risk of hypertension (relative risk = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1, 1.4), and had higher urinary levels of several VOC metabolites. Individuals who smoke had higher levels of the urinary metabolites of acrolein, 1,3-butadiene, and crotonaldehyde and were associated with higher systolic BP. The associations were stronger among participants who were <60 years of age and male. Using Bayesian kernel machine regression to assess the effects of multiple VOC exposures, we found that the relationship between VOCs and hypertension among non-smokers was driven primarily by acrolein and styrene in non-smokers, and crotonaldehyde in smokers. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension in Black individuals may be attributed, in part, to VOC exposure from the environment or tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn E McGraw
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, 485 E Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Stacey L Konkle
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, 485 E Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Daniel W Riggs
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, 485 E Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Shesh N Rai
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, 485 E Gray Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Natasha DeJarnett
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Zhengzhi Xie
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Rachel J Keith
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Adebamike Oshunbade
- University of Mississippi Medical Center Department of Medicine - Cardiology, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Michael E Hall
- University of Mississippi Medical Center Department of Medicine - Cardiology, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Diachi Shimbo
- Columbia University Department of Medicine, 161 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Lu S, Xie Q, Kuang M, Hu C, Li X, Yang H, Sheng G, Xie G, Zou Y. Lipid metabolism, BMI and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the general population: evidence from a mediation analysis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:192. [PMID: 36915168 PMCID: PMC10012451 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) and lipid parameters are the most commonly used anthropometric parameters and biomarkers for assessing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk. This study aimed to assess and quantify the mediating role of traditional and non-traditional lipid parameters on the association between BMI and NAFLD. METHOD Using data from 14,251 subjects from the NAGALA (NAfld in the Gifu Area, Longitudinal Analysis) study, mediation analyses were performed to explore the roles of traditional [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)] and non-traditional [non-HDL-C, remnant cholesterol (RC), TC/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, TG/HDL-C ratio, non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and RC/HDL-C ratio] lipid parameters in the association of BMI with NAFLD and quantify the mediation effect of these lipid parameters on the association of BMI with NAFLD using the percentage of mediation. RESULT After fully adjusting for confounders, multivariate regression analysis showed that both BMI and lipid parameters were associated with NAFLD (All P-value < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that both traditional and non-traditional lipid parameters mediated the association between BMI and NAFLD (All P-value of proportion mediate < 0.001), among which non-traditional lipid parameters such as RC, RC/HDL-C ratio, non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and TC/HDL-C ratio accounted for a relatively large proportion, 11.4%, 10.8%, 10.2%, and 10.2%, respectively. Further stratified analysis according to sex, age, and BMI showed that this mediation effect only existed in normal-weight (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2) people and young and middle-aged (30-59 years old) people; moreover, the mediation effects of all lipid parameters except TC accounted for a higher proportion in women than in men. CONCLUSION The new findings of this study showed that all lipid parameters were involved in and mediated the risk of BMI-related NAFLD, and the contribution of non-traditional lipid parameters to the mediation effect of this association was higher than that of traditional lipid parameters, especially RC, RC/HDL-C ratio, non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and TC/HDL-C ratio. Based on these results, we suggest that we should focus on monitoring non-traditional lipid parameters, especially RC and RC/HDL-C ratio, when BMI intervention is needed in the process of preventing or treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Maobin Kuang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- Fuzhou Dongxiang District People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 331800, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huijian Yang
- Fuzhou Dongxiang District People's Hospital, Fuzhou, 331800, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guotai Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guobo Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China. .,Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yang Zou
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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10
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Lei T, Qian H, Yang J, Hu Y. The association analysis between exposure to volatile organic chemicals and obesity in the general USA population: A cross-sectional study from NHANES program. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137738. [PMID: 36608892 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence have been provided that the exposure to environment pollutants was associated obesity, while whether the exposure to volatile organic chemicals (VOC) was associated with obesity or abdominal obesity is yet to be clarified. METHOD A cross-sectional study using data from the 6 survey cycles (2005-2006, 2011-2018, 2017-2020) of NHANES program was performed. Obesity and abdominal obesity were identified as a BMI >30 and a waist circumference >102 cm for men or >88 cm for women respectively. The quantile logistic regression method was used to analyze the association between VOC metabolites (VOCs) in urine and obesity, and the quantile regression method was used for the association analysis between VOCs in urine and BMI, as well as waist circumference. RESULTS A total of 17 524 participants (4965 obesity, 7317 abdominal obesity) were included, and participants in the obesity or abdominal obesity groups showed higher VOCs in urine than that in the control group. The CEMA was identified as the risk factor for obesity and abdominal obesity in all the 4 models, and its detected OR for obesity in the Q2 to Q4 of model 3 was 1.169 (Q2, p < 0.05), 1.306 (Q3, p < 0.001) and 1.217 (Q4, p < 0.01) respectively. And its OR for abdominal obesity in the Q2 to Q4 of model 3 was 1.222 (Q2, p < 0.01), 1.448 (Q3, p < 0.001) and 1.208 (Q4, p < 0.05) respectively. A significantly positive association between CEMA and BMI, as well as waist circumference, was also detected. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that the exposure to VOC (Acrolein, Acrylamide, Acrylonitrile, 1,3-Butadiene, Crotonaldehyde, Cyanide, N,N-Dimethylformamide, Ethylbenzene, styrene, Propylene oxide, Toluene and Xylene) was significantly associated with obesity or abdominal obesity. And also, more prospective studies and related experimental researches should be carried out to further demonstrate the conclusion of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Hu Qian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Junxiao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
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11
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Stapelberg NJC, Branjerdporn G, Adhikary S, Johnson S, Ashton K, Headrick J. Environmental Stressors and the PINE Network: Can Physical Environmental Stressors Drive Long-Term Physical and Mental Health Risks? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13226. [PMID: 36293807 PMCID: PMC9603079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both psychosocial and physical environmental stressors have been linked to chronic mental health and chronic medical conditions. The psycho-immune-neuroendocrine (PINE) network details metabolomic pathways which are responsive to varied stressors and link chronic medical conditions with mental disorders, such as major depressive disorder via a network of pathophysiological pathways. The primary objective of this review is to explore evidence of relationships between airborne particulate matter (PM, as a concrete example of a physical environmental stressor), the PINE network and chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including mental health sequelae, with a view to supporting the assertion that physical environmental stressors (not only psychosocial stressors) disrupt the PINE network, leading to NCDs. Biological links have been established between PM exposure, key sub-networks of the PINE model and mental health sequelae, suggesting that in theory, long-term mental health impacts of PM exposure may exist, driven by the disruption of these biological networks. This disruption could trans-generationally influence health; however, long-term studies and information on chronic outcomes following acute exposure event are still lacking, limiting what is currently known beyond the acute exposure and all-cause mortality. More empirical evidence is needed, especially to link long-term mental health sequelae to PM exposure, arising from PINE pathophysiology. Relationships between physical and psychosocial stressors, and especially the concept of such stressors acting together to impact on PINE network function, leading to linked NCDs, evokes the concept of syndemics, and these are discussed in the context of the PINE network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Grace Branjerdporn
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Sam Adhikary
- Mater Young Adult Health Centre, Mater Hospital, Brisbane, QID 4101, Australia
| | - Susannah Johnson
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Kevin Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - John Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QID 4215, Australia
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12
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Thorgersen MP, Schut GJ, Poole FL, Haja DK, Putumbaka S, Mycroft HI, de Vries WJ, Adams MWW. Obligately aerobic human gut microbe expresses an oxygen resistant tungsten-containing oxidoreductase for detoxifying gut aldehydes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:965625. [PMID: 36051760 PMCID: PMC9424855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.965625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brevibacillus massiliensis strain phR is an obligately aerobic microbe that was isolated from human feces. Here, we show that it readily takes up tungsten (W), a metal previously associated only with anaerobes. The W is incorporated into an oxidoreductase enzyme (BmWOR) that was purified from native biomass. BmWOR consists of a single 65 kDa subunit and contains a single W-pyranopterin cofactor and a single [4Fe-4S] cluster. It exhibited high aldehyde-oxidizing activity with very high affinities (apparent Km < 6 μM) for aldehydes common in the human gut and in cooked foods, including furfural, propionaldehyde, benzaldehyde and tolualdehyde, suggesting that BmWOR plays a key role in their detoxification. B. massiliensis converted added furfural to furoic acid when grown in the presence of W, but not in the presence of the analogous element molybdenum. B. massiliensis ferredoxin (BmFd) served as the electron acceptor (apparent Km < 5 μM) for BmWOR suggesting it is the physiological electron carrier. Genome analysis revealed a Fd-dependent rather than NADH-dependent Complex I, suggesting that WOR not only serves a detoxification role but its aldehyde substrates could also serve as a source of energy. BmWOR is the first tungstoenzyme and the first member of the WOR family to be obtained from a strictly aerobic microorganism. Remarkably, BmWOR oxidized furfural in the presence of air (21% O2, v/v) but only if BmFd was also present. BmWOR is the first characterized member of the Clade 83 WORs, which are predominantly found in extremely halophilic and aerobic archaea (Clade 83A), with many isolated from food sources, while the remaining bacterial members (Clade 83B) include both aerobes and anaerobes. The potential advantages for microbes found in foods and involved in human gut health that harbor O2-resistant WORs, including in Bacillus and Brevibacillus based-probiotics, are discussed.
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13
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Crowley LN, Le BL, Cicalo C, Brown J, Li Y, Kim YJ, Lee JH, Pan JH, Lennon SL, Han BK, Kim JK. Acrolein, an environmental toxicant and its applications to in vivo and in vitro atherosclerosis models: An update. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 93:103890. [PMID: 35613694 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, the foremost cause of death worldwide, is an overarching disease term that encompasses a number of disorders involving the heart and circulatory system, including atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a primary cause of cardiovascular diseases and is caused by buildup of plaque and narrowing of blood vessels. Epidemiological studies have suggested that environmental pollutants are implicated in atherosclerosis disease progression. Among many environmental pollutants, acrolein (Acr) is an abundant reactive aldehyde and is ubiquitously present in cigarette smoke as well as food products (e.g., overheated oils and wine). Despite its ubiquitous presence and potential impact on the etiology of cardiovascular disease, a limited consensus has been made in regard to Acr exposure conditions to induce atherosclerosis in vivo. This mini-review summarizes in vivo atherosclerosis models using Acr to investigate biochemical and phenotypic changes related to atherosclerosis and in vitro mechanistic studies involving Acr and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana N Crowley
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Brandy L Le
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Cara Cicalo
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Justin Brown
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Pan
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shannon L Lennon
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Bok Kyung Han
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Jae Kyeom Kim
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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14
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Effect Comparison of E-Cigarette and Traditional Smoking and Association with Stroke-A Cross-Sectional Study of NHANES. Neurol Int 2022; 14:441-452. [PMID: 35736618 PMCID: PMC9227824 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint14020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Tobacco use is one of the most significant risk factors for stroke. Besides traditional cigarettes and combustible products, the use of e-cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery products has been widespread among young adults in the recent era. Furthermore, the trend of vaping has increased over the last decade. However, the relationship between e-cigarettes and stroke is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and identify the relationship between e-cigarette smoking and stroke. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using the NHANES database of the US population. Adults with a history of smoking were considered in our study and divided into three groups, e-cigarette users, traditional, and dual smokers. The Chi-squared test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify the prevalence and association of e-cigarette consumption and stroke. Results: Out of a total of 266,058 respondents from 2015 to 2018, we found 79,825 respondents who smoked e-cigarettes (9.72%) or traditional (29.37%) or dual smoking (60.91%). Stroke prevalence among e-cigarette smokers was 1.57%. Stroke was more prevalent among traditional smokers than among e-cigarette smokers. (6.75% vs. 1.09%; p < 0.0001) E-cigarette smokers had early onset of stroke in comparison with traditional smokers. (median age: 48 vs. 59 years; p < 0.0001). Among females with stroke, the prevalence of e-cigarette use was higher in comparison with traditional smoking (36.36% vs. 33.91%; p < 0.0001). Among the stroke population, the prevalence of e-cigarette use was higher among Mexican-Americans (21.21% vs. 6.02%) and other Hispanics (24.24% vs. 7.70%) compared with traditional smoking (p < 0.0001). The regression analysis found higher odds of stroke history among e-cigarette users than traditional smokers [aOR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.15−1.16)]. Conclusion: Though stroke was more prevalent in traditional smokers, the incidence of stroke was early-in-onset and was strongly associated with e-cigarette use compared to traditional smokers. We have also identified vascular effects of e-cigarettes components as possible triggers for the stroke.
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Environmental exposure to volatile organic compounds is associated with endothelial injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 437:115877. [PMID: 35045333 PMCID: PMC10045232 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are airborne toxicants abundant in outdoor and indoor air. High levels of VOCs are also present at various Superfund and other hazardous waste sites; however, little is known about the cardiovascular effects of VOCs. We hypothesized that ambient exposure to VOCs exacerbate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by depleting circulating angiogenic cells (CACs). APPROACH AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 603 participants with low-to-high CVD risk and measured 15 subpopulations of CACs by flow cytometry and 16 urinary metabolites of 12 VOCs by LC/MS/MS. Associations between CAC and VOC metabolite levels were examined using generalized linear models in the total sample, and separately in non-smokers. In single pollutant models, metabolites of ethylbenzene/styrene and xylene, were negatively associated with CAC levels in both the total sample, and in non-smokers. The metabolite of acrylonitrile was negatively associated with CD45dim/CD146+/CD34+/AC133+ cells and CD45+/CD146+/AC133+, and the toluene metabolite with AC133+ cells. In analysis of non-smokers (n = 375), multipollutant models showed a negative association with metabolites of ethylbenzene/styrene, benzene, and xylene with CD45dim/CD146+/CD34+ cells, independent of other VOC metabolite levels. Cumulative VOC risk score showed a strong negative association with CD45dim/CD146+/CD34+ cells, suggesting that total VOC exposure has a cumulative effect on pro-angiogenic cells. We found a non-linear relationship for benzene, which showed an increase in CAC levels at low, but depletion at higher levels of exposure. Sex and race, hypertension, and diabetes significantly modified VOC associated CAC depletion. CONCLUSION Low-level ambient exposure to VOCs is associated with CAC depletion, which could compromise endothelial repair and angiogenesis, and exacerbate CVD risk.
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16
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Feng X, Liang R, Shi D, Wang D, Xu T, Chen W. Urinary acrolein metabolites, systemic inflammation, and blood lipids: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131791. [PMID: 34371361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to acrolein was reported to be related with adverse health effects. However, the associations between acrolein exposure and blood lipids remain largely unknown. We assessed the associations of urinary acrolein metabolites with blood lipids using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and further investigated the existence of mediation by systemic inflammation in the associations. Urinary acrolein metabolites, N-acetyl-S-(carboxyethyl)-l-cysteine (CEMA) and N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-l-cysteine (3-HPMA), blood lipids, and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured in the NHANES. The associations of urinary acrolein metabolites with blood lipids and dyslipidemia and hs-CRP were estimated by multiple linear and logistic regression models. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the mediating effects of hs-CRP on the associations between urinary acrolein metabolites and blood lipids. We found urinary CEMA+3-HPMA (∑acrolein) was significantly associated with higher levels of serum triglycerides (TG), hs-CRP, and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Each 1-unit increment in ln-transformed level of ∑acrolein was associated with a 0.06 mmol/L increment in TG and 0.02 mmol/L decrement in HDL-C (all P <0.05). A positive dose-response relationship was observed between urinary ∑acrolein and dyslipidemia risk. In addition, hs-CRP significantly mediated the associations of urinary ∑acrolein with serum TG and HDL-C, with mediated proportions of 22.12% and 41.41%, respectively. In conclusion, acrolein exposure is associated with the levels of serum TG, HDL-C, and hs-CRP. Hs-CRP may mediate acrolein-associated alterations of blood lipids. Our results indicated that decreased exposure to acrolein may reduce systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Feng
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ruyi Liang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Da Shi
- Food and Human Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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Jin L, Conklin DJ. A novel evaluation of endothelial dysfunction ex vivo: "Teaching an Old Drug a New Trick". Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15120. [PMID: 34755498 PMCID: PMC8579072 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many CVDs begin with endothelium dysfunction (ED), including hypertension, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. Our assay evaluated ED in isolated murine aorta by quantifying phenylephrine-induced contractions (PE) in the presence of L-NAME, which blocked acetylcholine-induced relaxation (ACh %; >99%). The "L-NAME PE Contraction Ratio" (PECR) was defined as: "PE Tension post-L-NAME" divided by "PE Tension pre-L-NAME." We hypothesized that our novel PE Contraction Ratio would strongly correlate with alterations in endothelium function. Validation 1: PECR and ACh % values of naïve aortas were strongly and positively correlated (PECR vs. ACh %, r2 = 0.91, n = 7). Validation 2: Retrospective analyses of published aortic PECR and ACh % data of female mice exposed to filtered air, propylene glycol:vegetable glycerin (PG:VG), formaldehyde (FA), or acetaldehyde (AA) for 4d showed that the PECR in air-exposed mice (PECR = 1.43 ± 0.05, n = 16) correlated positively with the ACh % (r2 = 0.40) as seen in naïve aortas. Similarly, PECR values were significantly decreased in aortas with ED yet retained positive regression coefficients with ACh % (PG:VG r2 = 0.54; FA r2 = 0.55). Unlike other toxicants, inhaled AA significantly increased both PECR and ACh % values yet diminished their correlation (r2 = 0.09). Validation 3: To assess species-specific dependence, we tested PECR in rat aorta, and found PECR correlated with ACh % relaxation albeit less well in this aged and dyslipidemic model. Because the PECR reflects NOS function directly, it is a robust measure of both ED and vascular dysfunction. Therefore, it is a complementary index of existing tests of ED that also provides insight into mechanisms of vascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiao Jin
- American Heart Association‐Tobacco Regulation and Addiction CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- American Heart Association‐Tobacco Regulation and Addiction CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
- Division of Environmental MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
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Patel D, Taudte RV, Nizio K, Herok G, Cranfield C, Shimmon R. Headspace analysis of E-cigarette fluids using comprehensive two dimensional GC×GC-TOF-MS reveals the presence of volatile and toxic compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 196:113930. [PMID: 33581591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of electronic cigarrete (E-cigarette) fluids by high performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), GC hyphenated to flame-ionisation detection, or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy poses many challenges due to the complex matrix and extremely high number of compounds present. In order to overcome these challenges, this study focused on the detection of the multiple complex compounds classes produced by the pyrolysis of E-cigarette liquids using comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) coupled to time of flight (TOF)-MS. Gas samples were prepared by heating E-liquids inside aluminium tins for 5 min. The tins were placed in a sand bath, which was temperature controlled at 200 °C. The samples were collected using thermal desorption tubes connected to volatile organic compound (VOC) sampling pump attached and subsequently analysed using GCxGC-TOF-MS. The greater peak resolution obtained when using GCxGC-TOF-MS allowed to distinguish many toxic compounds and VOCs that could not be detected by the other methods mentioned above. As a result, a comprehensive list of volatile compounds emitted from E-cigarette fluids when heated was established, which might allow a better understanding of potential health effects of vaping. Heating E-liquids to moderate temperature results in the emission of over 1000 volatile compounds of which over 150 are toxic. These compounds are either present in the liquid or can be formed during storage or heating leading to a more complex volatile profile of E-cigarette liquids than previously assumed. The application of GCxGC-TOF-MS allows the elucidation of this profile and therefore a better understanding of possible health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshil Patel
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Chimie-Biochimie-Physique, University du Quebec a Trois Rivieres, Trois Rivieres, Canada
| | - R Verena Taudte
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Katie Nizio
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - George Herok
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald Shimmon
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Lorenz DR, Misra V, Chettimada S, Uno H, Wang L, Blount BC, De Jesús VR, Gelman BB, Morgello S, Wolinsky SM, Gabuzda D. Acrolein and other toxicant exposures in relation to cardiovascular disease among marijuana and tobacco smokers in a longitudinal cohort of HIV-positive and negative adults. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 31:100697. [PMID: 33554087 PMCID: PMC7846668 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marijuana smoke contains some of the same toxicants present in tobacco smoke. Marijuana smoking is prevalent among HIV+ individuals, but few studies have characterized smoke-related toxicants or associated health outcomes in exclusive marijuana users. METHODS This longitudinal study included 245 participants over age 40 (76% HIV+). 33 plasma and 28 urine metabolites of nicotine, ∆-9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds were assayed by liquid or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Exposures and health outcomes were assessed from surveys and medical records. FINDINGS At baseline, 18% of participants were marijuana-only smokers, 20% tobacco-only smokers, and 24% dual marijuana-tobacco smokers (median (IQR) age 53 (47-60) years, 78% male, 54% white race). Marijuana smoking was independently associated with elevated plasma naphthalenes, 2-hydroxyfluorene sulfate, 4-vinylphenol sulfate, and o-cresol sulfate (p<0·05) and urine acrylonitrile and acrylamide metabolites (p<0·05), but levels were lower than those associated with tobacco smoking. Acrolein metabolite N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-l-cysteine (3HPMA) was significantly elevated in plasma and urine in tobacco-only and dual but not marijuana-only smokers, and correlated with nicotine metabolites (p<0·05). The highest tertile of 3HPMA was associated with increased cardiovascular disease diagnoses independent of tobacco smoking, traditional risk factors, and HIV status (odds ratio [95% CI] 3·34 [1·31-8·57]; p = 0·012). INTERPRETATION Smoke-related toxicants, including acrylonitrile and acrylamide metabolites, are detectable in exclusive marijuana smokers, but exposures are lower compared with tobacco or dual smokers. Acrolein exposure is increased by tobacco smoking but not exclusive marijuana smoking in HIV+ and HIV- adults, and contributes to cardiovascular disease in tobacco smokers. FUNDING U.S. NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Lorenz
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Life Science 1010, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Vikas Misra
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Life Science 1010, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sukrutha Chettimada
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Life Science 1010, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hajime Uno
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lanqing Wang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Blount
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Víctor R. De Jesús
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin B. Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Susan Morgello
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven M. Wolinsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dana Gabuzda
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Life Science 1010, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Liao S, Zhang J, Shi S, Gong D, Lu X, Cheang I, Zhang H, Li X. Association of aldehyde exposure with cardiovascular disease. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111385. [PMID: 33010595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of aldehyde exposure on the cardiovascular system remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether aldehyde exposure is associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We analyzed associations between aldehydes and CVD using data from 1962 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013 to 2014. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to examine the association between aldehydes and CVD. The prevalence of CVD was 10.3%. After adjusting for confounding factors, including age, sex, education level, race, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, body mass index, the poverty-income ratio, physical activity, energy intake, high-density cholesterol (HDL) and low-density cholesterol (LDL), compared with the lowest quartiles, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD across the quartiles were 0.52 (0.31, 0.87), 0.73 (0.43, 1.22), and 1.13 (0.68, 1.86) for benzaldehyde and 1.48 (0.87, 2.52), 1.70 (1.01, 2.92), and 2.13 (1.19, 3.86) for isopentanaldehyde. There was no significant association between other aldehydes and CVD. The restricted cubic spline plot showed a J-curve relationship between benzaldehyde and CVD. The inflection point for the curve was found at a benzaldehyde level of 0.98 ng/ml. The ORs (95% CIs) for CVD were 0.51 (0.31, 0.86) and 1.58 (1.15, 2.17) on the left and right sides of the inflection point, respectively. Our results demonstrate a J-curve relationship between benzaldehyde and CVD. Isopentanaldehyde is positively associated with CVD. Further study is warranted to verify this association and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengen Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shi Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Dexing Gong
- Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xinyi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Iokfai Cheang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Acrolein: A Potential Mediator of Oxidative Damage in Diabetic Retinopathy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111579. [PMID: 33233661 PMCID: PMC7699716 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss among working-age adults. Extensive evidences have documented that oxidative stress mediates a critical role in the pathogenesis of DR. Acrolein, a product of polyamines oxidation and lipid peroxidation, has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Acrolein’s harmful effects are mediated through multiple mechanisms, including DNA damage, inflammation, ROS formation, protein adduction, membrane disruption, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent investigations have reported the involvement of acrolein in the pathogenesis of DR. These studies have shown a detrimental effect of acrolein on the retinal neurovascular unit under diabetic conditions. The current review summarizes the existing literature on the sources of acrolein, the impact of acrolein in the generation of oxidative damage in the diabetic retina, and the mechanisms of acrolein action in the pathogenesis of DR. The possible therapeutic interventions such as the use of polyamine oxidase inhibitors, agents with antioxidant properties, and acrolein scavengers to reduce acrolein toxicity are also discussed.
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Graboski AL, Redinbo MR. Gut-Derived Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090590. [PMID: 32932981 PMCID: PMC7551879 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) afflicts more than 500 million people worldwide and is one of the fastest growing global causes of mortality. When glomerular filtration rate begins to fall, uremic toxins accumulate in the serum and significantly increase the risk of death from cardiovascular disease and other causes. Several of the most harmful uremic toxins are produced by the gut microbiota. Furthermore, many such toxins are protein-bound and are therefore recalcitrant to removal by dialysis. We review the derivation and pathological mechanisms of gut-derived, protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs). We further outline the emerging relationship between kidney disease and gut dysbiosis, including the bacterial taxa altered, the regulation of microbial uremic toxin-producing genes, and their downstream physiological and neurological consequences. Finally, we discuss gut-targeted therapeutic strategies employed to reduce PBUTs. We conclude that targeting the gut microbiota is a promising approach for the treatment of CKD by blocking the serum accumulation of PBUTs that cannot be eliminated by dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Graboski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tobacco smoking is the most significant modifiable risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exposure to mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS) is associated with CVD through the development of endothelial dysfunction, a condition characterized by an imbalance of vasoactive factors in the vasculature. This dysfunction is thought to be induced in part by aldehydes generated at high levels in MCS. RECENT FINDINGS Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) may also pose CVD risk. Although the health effects of e-cigs are still largely unknown, the presence of aldehydes in e-cig aerosol suggests that e-cigs may induce adverse cardiovascular outcomes similar to those seen with MCS exposure. Herein, we review studies of traditional and emerging tobacco product use, shared harmful and potentially harmful constituents, and measures of biomarkers of harm (endothelial dysfunction) to examine a potential and distinct role of aldehydes in cardiovascular harm associated with cigarette and e-cig use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Lynch
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
- Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
- University of Louisville American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Lexiao Jin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Andre Richardson
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- University of Louisville American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- University of Louisville American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
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Keith RJ, Fetterman JL, Orimoloye OA, Dardari Z, Lorkiewicz PK, Hamburg NM, DeFilippis AP, Blaha MJ, Bhatnagar A. Characterization of Volatile Organic Compound Metabolites in Cigarette Smokers, Electronic Nicotine Device Users, Dual Users, and Nonusers of Tobacco. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:264-272. [PMID: 30759242 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited research exists about the possible cardiovascular effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). We therefore sought to compare exposure to known or potentially cardiotoxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ENDS users, smokers, and dual users. METHODS A total of 371 individuals from the Cardiovascular Injury due to Tobacco Use study, a cross-sectional study of healthy participants aged 21-45 years, were categorized as nonusers of tobacco (n = 87), sole ENDS users (n = 17), cigarette smokers (n = 237), and dual users (n = 30) based on 30-day self-reported tobacco product use patterns. Participants provided urine samples for VOC and nicotine metabolite measurement. We assessed associations between tobacco product use and VOC metabolite measures using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. RESULTS Mean (SD) age of the population was 32 (±6.8) years, 55% men. Mean urinary cotinine level in nonusers of tobacco was 2.6 ng/mg creatinine, whereas cotinine levels were similar across all tobacco product use categories (851.6-910.9 ng/mg creatinine). In multivariable-adjusted models, sole ENDS users had higher levels of metabolites of acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, and xylene compared with nonusers of tobacco, but lower levels of most VOC metabolites compared with cigarette smokers or dual users. In direct comparison of cigarettes smokers and dual users, we found lower levels of metabolites of styrene and xylene in dual users. CONCLUSION Although sole ENDS use may be associated with lower VOC exposure compared to cigarette smoking, further study is required to determine the potential health effects of the higher levels of certain reactive aldehydes, including acrolein, in ENDS users compared with nonusers of tobacco. IMPLICATIONS ENDS use in conjunction with other tobacco products may not significantly reduce exposure to VOC, but sole use does generally reduce some VOC exposure and warrants more in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Keith
- American Heart Association Tobacco, Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Jessica L Fetterman
- American Heart Association Tobacco, Regulation and Addiction Center, Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Olusola A Orimoloye
- American Heart Association Tobacco, Regulation and Addiction Center, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, John Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zeina Dardari
- American Heart Association Tobacco, Regulation and Addiction Center, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, John Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association Tobacco, Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- American Heart Association Tobacco, Regulation and Addiction Center, Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- American Heart Association Tobacco, Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Michael J Blaha
- American Heart Association Tobacco, Regulation and Addiction Center, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, John Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association Tobacco, Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
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Contreras LM, Gonzalez-Rivera JC, Baldridge KC, Wang DS, Chuvalo-Abraham J, Ruiz LH. Understanding the Functional Impact of VOC-Ozone Mixtures on the Chemistry of RNA in Epithelial Lung Cells. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2020; 2020:Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 2020 Jul;(201):3-43.. [PMID: 32845096 PMCID: PMC7448316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ambient air pollution is associated with premature death caused by heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. Recent studies have suggested that ribonucleic acid (RNA) oxidation is a sensitive environment-related biomarker that is implicated in pathogenesis. Aims and Methods We used a novel approach that integrated RNA-Seq analysis with detection by immunoprecipitation techniques of the prominent RNA oxidative modification 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG). Our goal was to uncover specific messenger RNA (mRNA) oxidation induced by mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ozone in healthy human epithelial lung cells. To this end, we exposed the BEAS-2B human epithelial lung cell line to the gas- and particle-phase products formed from reactions of 790 ppb acrolein (ACR) and 670 ppb methacrolein (MACR) with 4 ppm ozone. Results Using this approach, we identified 222 potential direct targets of oxidation belonging to previously described pathways, as well as uncharacterized pathways, after air pollution exposures. We demonstrated the effect of our VOC-ozone mixtures on the morphology and actin cytoskeleton of lung cells, suggesting the influence of selective mRNA oxidation in members of pathways regulating physical components of the cells. In addition, we observed the influence of the VOC-ozone mixtures on metabolic cholesterol synthesis, likely implicated as a result of the incidence of mRNA oxidation and the deregulation of protein levels of squalene synthase (farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 [FDFT1]), a key enzyme in endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis. Conclusions Overall, our findings indicate that air pollution influences the accumulation of 8-oxoG in transcripts of epithelial lung cells that largely belong to stress-induced signaling and metabolic and structural pathways. A strength of the study was that it combined traditional transcriptome analysis with transcriptome-wide 8-oxoG mapping to facilitate the discovery of underlying processes not characterized by earlier approaches. Investigation of the processes mediated by air pollution oxidation of RNA molecules in primary cells and animal models needs to be explored in future studies. Our research has thus opened new avenues to further inform the relationship between atmospheric agents on the one hand and cellular responses on the other that are implicated in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Contreras
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
| | | | - K C Baldridge
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
| | - D S Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
| | | | - L H Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
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Trans, trans-2,4-decadienal impairs vascular endothelial function by inducing oxidative/nitrative stress and apoptosis. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101577. [PMID: 32446174 PMCID: PMC7243189 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehydes are implicated in the development of hypertension. Trans, trans-2,4-decadienal (tt-DDE), a dietary α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, is widespread in many food products. However, the role of tt-DDE in the pathophysiology of hypertension remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate whether tt-DDE consumption evokes hypertension and to explore the mechanisms underlying such a role. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered different concentrations of tt-DDE. After 28 days, blood pressure and endothelial function of mesenteric arteries were measured. Results showed that tt-DDE treatment significantly increased blood pressure and impaired endothelial function based on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and p-VASP levels. Mechanistically, tt-DDE induced oxidative/nitrative stress in the arteries of rats as evidenced by overproductions of superoxide and peroxynitrite, accompanied with increased expressions of iNOS and gp91phox. To further investigate the effects of tt-DDE on endothelial cells and underlying mechanisms, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with different concentrations of tt-DDE. tt-DDE induced oxidative/nitrative stress in HUVECs. Moreover, tt-DDE induced endothelial cells apoptosis through JNK-mediated signaling pathway. These results show, for the first time, that oral intake of tt-DDE elevates blood pressure and induces endothelial dysfunction in rats through oxidative/nitrative stress and JNK-mediated apoptosis signaling, indicating that excess ingestion of tt-DDE is a potential risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Trans, trans-2,4-decadienal (tt-DDE) is a dietary α,β-unsaturated aldehyde. tt-DDE raised blood pressure and impaired endothelial function in rats. Oxidative/nitrative stress was induced by tt-DDE in both rats and HUVECs. HUVEC apoptosis in response to tt-DDE exposure was mediated by JNK signaling. tt-DDE may be a risk factor for hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease.
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Grootveld M, Percival BC, Leenders J, Wilson PB. Potential Adverse Public Health Effects Afforded by the Ingestion of Dietary Lipid Oxidation Product Toxins: Significance of Fried Food Sources. Nutrients 2020; 12:E974. [PMID: 32244669 PMCID: PMC7254282 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich culinary oils (COs) to high temperature frying practices generates high concentrations of cytotoxic and genotoxic lipid oxidation products (LOPs) via oxygen-fueled, recycling peroxidative bursts. These toxins, including aldehydes and epoxy-fatty acids, readily penetrate into fried foods and hence are available for human consumption; therefore, they may pose substantial health hazards. Although previous reports have claimed health benefits offered by the use of PUFA-laden COs for frying purposes, these may be erroneous in view of their failure to consider the negating adverse public health threats presented by food-transferable LOPs therein. When absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) system into the systemic circulation, such LOPs may significantly contribute to enhanced risks of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), e.g. cancer, along with cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Herein, we provide a comprehensive rationale relating to the public health threats posed by the dietary ingestion of LOPs in fried foods. We begin with an introduction to sequential lipid peroxidation processes, describing the noxious effects of LOP toxins generated therefrom. We continue to discuss GI system interactions, the metabolism and biotransformation of primary lipid hydroperoxide LOPs and their secondary products, and the toxicological properties of these agents, prior to providing a narrative on chemically-reactive, secondary aldehydic LOPs available for human ingestion. In view of a range of previous studies focused on their deleterious health effects in animal and cellular model systems, some emphasis is placed on the physiological fate of the more prevalent and toxic α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. We conclude with a description of targeted nutritional and interventional strategies, whilst highlighting the urgent and unmet clinical need for nutritional and epidemiological trials probing relationships between the incidence of NCDs, and the frequency and estimated quantities of dietary LOP intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (B.C.P.); (J.L.); (P.B.W.)
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Giuffrè A, Capocasale M, Macrì R, Caracciolo M, Zappia C, Poiana M. Volatile profiles of extra virgin olive oil, olive pomace oil, soybean oil and palm oil in different heating conditions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Chiriac FL, Paun I, Pirvu F, Galaon T. Fast and sensitive detection of acrolein in environmental water samples without derivatization using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36205-36213. [PMID: 31713139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A fast and sensitive SPE-LC-MS/MS method for the determination of acrolein in environmental water samples using activated charcoal as SPE adsorbent was developed. The novelty of this study consists in acrolein extraction, separation and detection without the need of a derivatization process. Physicochemical properties of acrolein, such as low molecular weight and high polarity represent real challenges for extraction, separation, and detection of this pollutant using SPE-LC-MS/MS. These were addressed by choosing a suitable chromatographic column which ensures a good peak symmetry and retention for the analyte, as well as the choice of SPE adsorbent suitable for retaining very polar compounds like acrolein from the aqueous matrix. The chromatographic column was a Synergi Fusion RP (150 × 2.0 mm, 4.0 μm) with a C18 stationary phase modified with polar embedded amide groups. Activated charcoal adsorbent used as SPE extraction media was able to extract efficiently highly polar molecules such as acrolein and 13C3-acrylamide (internal standard) from water samples. Using this method, the obtained extraction recovery for acrolein was 88% at a 50 ng/L concentration level. Overall method quantitation limit (LOQ) for acrolein in water was established at 3.8 ng/L. The newly developed SPE-LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to detect acrolein occurrence in wastewater and drinking water samples. Acrolein level in these samples ranged from LOQ to 122 ng/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Laura Chiriac
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, Drumul Podu Dambovitei 71-73, Sector 6, 060652, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana Paun
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, Drumul Podu Dambovitei 71-73, Sector 6, 060652, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florinela Pirvu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, Drumul Podu Dambovitei 71-73, Sector 6, 060652, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Toma Galaon
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, Drumul Podu Dambovitei 71-73, Sector 6, 060652, Bucharest, Romania.
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Fabrication of Liquid Crystal Droplet Patterns for Monitoring Aldehyde Vapors. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1554-1559. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schill RL, Knaack DA, Powers HR, Chen Y, Yang M, Schill DJ, Silverstein RL, Sahoo D. Modification of HDL by reactive aldehydes alters select cardioprotective functions of HDL in macrophages. FEBS J 2019; 287:695-707. [PMID: 31386799 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
While increased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol correlate with protection against cardiovascular disease, recent findings demonstrate that HDL function, rather than HDL-cholesterol levels, may be a better indicator of cardiovascular risk. One mechanism by which HDL function can be compromised is through modification by reactive aldehydes such as acrolein (Acro), 4-hydroxynonenal, and malondialdehyde (MDA). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that modification of HDL with reactive aldehydes would impair HDL's athero-protective functions in macrophages. Compared to native HDL, Acro- and MDA-modified HDL have impaired abilities to promote migration of primary peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL6/J mice. Incubation of macrophages with MDA-HDL also led to an increased ability to generate reactive oxygen species. Our studies revealed that the changes in HDL function following aldehyde modification are likely not through activation of canonical nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways. Consistent with this finding, treatment of either noncholesterol-loaded macrophages or foam cells with modified forms of HDL does not lead to significant changes in expression levels of inflammatory markers. Importantly, our data also demonstrate that changes in HDL function are dependent on the type of modification present on the HDL particle. Our findings suggest that modification of HDL with reactive aldehydes can impair some, but not all, of HDL's athero-protective functions in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Schill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Darcy A Knaack
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hayley R Powers
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Moua Yang
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daniel J Schill
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Roy L Silverstein
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Wang J, Lu Y, Zheng T, Sang S, Lv L. Scavenging of Acrolein by Food-Grade Antioxidant Propyl Gallate in a Model Reaction System and Cakes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8520-8526. [PMID: 31310120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS), such as acrolein (ACR), glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO), have received extensive attention recently as a result of their high activity and toxicity in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, propyl gallate (PG), a common food antioxidant, was found to effectively trap more ACR than butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole through the formation of mono-ACR adducts (PG-ACR) and di-ACR adducts (PG-2ACR). The two adducts were successfully purified, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of their high-resolution mass spectrometry and 1H, 13C, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance data. We further identified that PG-ACR had the ability to continue to trap GO and MGO to form PG-ACR-GO and PG-ACR-MGO, respectively, by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Furthermore, we verified that PG could inhibit the production of ACR, GO, and MGO via trapping these RCS simultaneously to form the corresponding adducts in pound cakes using LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , 2 Xuelin Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongling Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , 2 Xuelin Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tiesong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , 2 Xuelin Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
| | - Lishuang Lv
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , 2 Xuelin Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
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Abplanalp W, Haberzettl P, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ, O'Toole TE. Carnosine Supplementation Mitigates the Deleterious Effects of Particulate Matter Exposure in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013041. [PMID: 31234700 PMCID: PMC6662354 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Exposure to fine airborne particulate matter ( PM 2.5) induces quantitative and qualitative defects in bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells of mice, and similar outcomes in humans may contribute to vascular dysfunction and the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with PM 2.5 exposure. Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying the pervasive effects of PM 2.5 are unclear and effective interventional strategies to mitigate against PM 2.5 toxicity are lacking. Furthermore, whether PM 2.5 exposure affects other types of bone marrow stem cells leading to additional hematological or immunological dysfunction is not clear. Methods and Results Mice given normal drinking water or that supplemented with carnosine, a naturally occurring, nucleophilic di-peptide that binds reactive aldehydes, were exposed to filtered air or concentrated ambient particles. Mice drinking normal water and exposed to concentrated ambient particles demonstrated a depletion of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells but no change in mesenchymal stem cells. However, HSC depletion was significantly attenuated when the mice were placed on drinking water containing carnosine. Carnosine supplementation also increased the levels of carnosine-propanal conjugates in the urine of CAPs-exposed mice and prevented the concentrated ambient particles-induced dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells as assessed by in vitro and in vivo assays. Conclusions These results suggest that exposure to PM 2.5 has pervasive effects on different bone marrow stem cell populations and that PM 2.5-induced hematopoietic stem cells depletion, endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction, and defects in vascular repair can be mitigated by excess carnosine. Carnosine supplementation may be a viable approach for preventing PM 2.5-induced immune dysfunction and cardiovascular injury in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Abplanalp
- Department of MedicineDiabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- Department of MedicineDiabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of MedicineDiabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Department of MedicineDiabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
| | - Timothy E. O'Toole
- Department of MedicineDiabetes and Obesity CenterUniversity of LouisvilleKY
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleKY
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Zirak MR, Mehri S, Karimani A, Zeinali M, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Mechanisms behind the atherothrombotic effects of acrolein, a review. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:38-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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LoPachin RM, Geohagen BC, Nordstroem LU. Mechanisms of soft and hard electrophile toxicities. Toxicology 2019; 418:62-69. [PMID: 30826385 PMCID: PMC6494464 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron-deficient chemicals (electrophiles) react with compounds that have one or more unshared valence electron pairs (nucleophiles). The resulting covalent reactions between electrophiles and nucleophiles (e.g., Michael addition, SN2 reactions) are important, not only to Organic Chemistry, but also to the fields of Molecular Biology and Toxicology. Specifically, covalent bond formation is the operational basis of many critically important cellular processes; e.g., enzyme function, neurotransmitter release, and membrane-vesicle fusion. Given this context it is understandable that these reactions are also relevant to Toxicology, since a significant number of xenobiotic chemicals are toxic electrophiles that can react with endogenous nucleophilic residues. Therefore, the purpose of this Review is to discuss electrophile-nucleophile chemistry as it pertains to cell injury and resulting organ toxicity. Our discussion will involve an introduction to the Hard and Soft, Acids and Bases (HSAB) theory of Pearson. The HSAB concept provides a framework for calculation of quantum chemical parameters that classify the electrophile and nucleophile covalent components according to their respective electronic nature (softness/hardness) and reactivity (electrophilicity/nucleophilicity). The calculated quantum indices in conjunction with corroborative in vivo, in chemico (cell free) and in vitro research can offer an illuminating approach to mechanistic discovery. Accordingly, we will provide examples that demonstrate how this approach has been used to discern mechanisms and sites of electrophile action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M LoPachin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E. 210th St, Bronx NY 10467, United States.
| | - Brian C Geohagen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E. 210th St, Bronx NY 10467, United States
| | - Lars U Nordstroem
- The Chemical Synthesis & Biology Core Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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Jansson P, Kay B. Aldehydes identified in commercially available ω-3 supplements via 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Nutrition 2018; 60:74-79. [PMID: 30529885 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality globally. Studies have suggested that supplementary ω-3 oils may provide cardiovascular protection, although the literature is equivocal. Recently, it has been established that many commercially available ω-3 supplements are unacceptably oxidized, leading to myriad potential health risks. One oxidation product of concern is aldehydes, which have been shown to have mutagenic, cytotoxic, and inflammatory properties that may contribute to many different disease processes, including CVD. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of aldehyde contamination in commercially available ω-3 supplements. METHODS We tested 12 different ω-3 oils (6 fish, 4 krill, 2 algae), using 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance scanning. This work is of a pilot nature, as such we randomly selected and purchased 12 different oils over the counter from various local retailers according to the sales representatives' recommendations. RESULTS The four krill products contained aldehydes at concentrations between 5.652 (±0.496) and 6.779 (±1.817) mMol/L. Both algae samples contained aldehydes: 1.235 (±0.111) and 1.565 (±0.618) mMol/L. Two of the six fish oils contained aldehydes 1.568 (±0.291) and 4.319 (±2.361) mMol/L. There is currently no standard for aldehyde content nor for labeling of ω-3 supplements. Two-thirds (8 of 12) of the ω-3 supplements tested in this study contained aldehydes. Aldehydes have the potential to precipitate serious health problems even at very low absolute intake volumes. These findings may provide reason for sober reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim Jansson
- Independent nutritionist and biomedical scientist, Mapua, New Zealand
| | - Bartholomew Kay
- Independent physiologist and nutritionist, Mapua, New Zealand.
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Abstract
Acrolein is a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde that is formed during the burning of gasoline and diesel fuels, cigarettes, woods and plastics. In addition, acrolein is generated during the cooking or frying of food with fats or oils. Acrolein is also used in the synthesis of many organic chemicals and as a biocide in agricultural and industrial water supply systems. The total emissions of acrolein in the United States from all sources are estimated to be 62,660 tons/year. Acrolein is classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a high-priority air and water toxicant. Acrolein can exert toxic effects following inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposures that are dose dependent. Cardiovascular tissues are particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of acrolein based primarily on in vitro and in vivo studies. Acrolein can generate free oxygen radical stress in the heart, decrease endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and nitric oxide formation, form cytoplasmic and nuclear protein adducts with myocyte and vascular endothelial cell proteins and cause vasospasm. In this manner, chronic exposure to acrolein can cause myocyte dysfunction, myocyte necrosis and apoptosis and ultimately lead to cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure. Epidemiological studies of acrolein exposure and toxicity should be developed and treatment strategies devised that prevent or significantly limit acrolein cardiovascular toxicity.
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Keith RJ, Fetterman JL, Riggs DW, O'Toole T, Nystoriak JL, Holbrook M, Lorkiewicz P, Bhatnagar A, DeFilippis AP, Hamburg NM. Protocol to assess the impact of tobacco-induced volatile organic compounds on cardiovascular risk in a cross- sectional cohort: Cardiovascular Injury due to Tobacco Use study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019850. [PMID: 29602846 PMCID: PMC5884372 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use leads to increased mortality, the majority of which is attributed to cardiovascular disease. Despite this knowledge, the early cardiovascular impact of tobacco product use is not well understood. Tobacco use increases exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acrolein and crotonaldehyde, which may contribute to cardiovascular risk. The link between exposure patterns, risk profiles and demographic distribution of tobacco product users, particularly users of new and emerging products, are not well known. Therefore, we designed the Cardiovascular Injury due to Tobacco Use (CITU) study to assess population characteristics, demographic features, exposure patterns and cardiovascular risk in relation to tobacco. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We present the design and methodology of the CITU study, a cross-sectional observational tobacco study conducted in Boston, Massachusetts and Louisville, Kentucky starting in 2014. Healthy participants 21-45 years of age who use tobacco products, including electronic nicotine devices, or who never used tobacco are being recruited. The study aims to recruit an evenly split cohort of African-Americans and Caucasians, that is, sex balanced for evaluation of self-reported tobacco exposure, VOC exposure and tobacco-induced injury profiling. Detailed information about participant's demographics, health status and lifestyle is also collected. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved institutional review boards at both participating universities. All study protocols will protect participant confidentiality. Results from the study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Keith
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville
| | - Jessica L Fetterman
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Boston University
| | - Daniel W Riggs
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville
| | - Timothy O'Toole
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville
| | - Jessica L Nystoriak
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville
| | - Monika Holbrook
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Boston University
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Boston University
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Qasim H, Karim ZA, Rivera JO, Khasawneh FT, Alshbool FZ. Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Cardiovascular System. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006353. [PMID: 28855171 PMCID: PMC5634286 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Qasim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | - Zubair A Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | - Jose O Rivera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
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Fan Y, Huang JJ, Sun CM, Qiao N, Zhang HX, Wang H, Tao R, Shen YN, Wang T. Prevalence of dyslipidaemia and risk factors in Chinese coal miners: a cross-sectional survey study. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:161. [PMID: 28835245 PMCID: PMC5569536 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although coal miners are susceptible to dyslipidaemia owing to their highly risky and stressful working environment as well as unhealthy lifestyle, very few studies have focused on this issue thus far. Therefore, this study investigated the current epidemiological characteristics of dyslipidaemia among Chinese coal miners. Methods Demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were gathered from 4341 coal miners in China. Dyslipidaemia was diagnosed based on the serum lipid levels. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the related risk factors for dyslipidaemia. Results The average concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were 5.01 ± 0.93 mmol/L, 1.90 ± 1.72 mmol/L, 1.21 ± 0.35 mmol/L, and 3.15 ± 0.80 mmol/L, respectively. Additionally, 38.08% of participants had a high TC level, 25.84% had a low HDL-C level, 35.08% had a high LDL-C level, and 40.46% had a high TG level. The overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 68.28% (95% CI: 66.90–69.66%). Factors associated with dyslipidaemia were age, sex, marital status, monthly family income, type of work, length of service, smoking status, smoking index, drinking status, alcohol consumption per day, elevated fasting glucose, hypertension, obesity and abdominal obesity. Conclusions Our study’s results indicated a very high prevalence of dyslipidaemia among Chinese coal miners and identified various risk factors for dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Fan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, TaiYuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jian-Jun Huang
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mining Group, DaTong, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen-Ming Sun
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mining Group, DaTong, Shanxi, China
| | - Nan Qiao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Institute for Bacteria disease prevention and control & disinfection, Hebei province center for disease control and prevention, ShiJiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ya-Nan Shen
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan, Shanxi, China.
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Conklin DJ, Malovichko MV, Zeller I, Das TP, Krivokhizhina TV, Lynch BH, Lorkiewicz P, Agarwal A, Wickramasinghe N, Haberzettl P, Sithu SD, Shah J, O’Toole TE, Rai SN, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S. Biomarkers of Chronic Acrolein Inhalation Exposure in Mice: Implications for Tobacco Product-Induced Toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2017; 158:263-274. [PMID: 28482051 PMCID: PMC5837482 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to tobacco smoke, which contains several harmful and potentially harmful constituents such as acrolein increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Although high acrolein levels induce pervasive cardiovascular injury, the effects of low-level exposure remain unknown and sensitive biomarkers of acrolein toxicity have not been identified. Identification of such biomarkers is essential to assess the toxicity of acrolein present at low levels in the ambient air or in new tobacco products such as e-cigarettes. Hence, we examined the systemic effects of chronic (12 weeks) acrolein exposure at concentrations similar to those found in tobacco smoke (0.5 or 1 ppm). Acrolein exposure in mice led to a 2- to 3-fold increase in its urinary metabolite 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA) with an attendant increase in pulmonary levels of the acrolein-metabolizing enzymes, glutathione S-transferase P and aldose reductase, as well as several Nrf2-regulated antioxidant proteins. Markers of pulmonary endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation were unchanged. Exposure to acrolein suppressed circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and specific leukocyte subsets (eg, GR-1+ cells, CD19+ B-cells, CD4+ T-cells; CD11b+ monocytes) whilst other subsets (eg, CD8+ cells, NK1.1+ cells, Ly6C+ monocytes) were unchanged. Chronic acrolein exposure did not affect systemic glucose tolerance, platelet-leukocyte aggregates or microparticles in blood. These findings suggest that circulating levels of EPCs and specific leukocyte populations are sensitive biomarkers of inhaled acrolein injury and that low-level (<0.5 ppm) acrolein exposure (eg, in secondhand smoke, vehicle exhaust, e-cigarettes) could increase CVD risk by diminishing endothelium repair or by suppressing immune cells or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Conklin
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Marina V. Malovichko
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Iris Zeller
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Trinath P. Das
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Tatiana V. Krivokhizhina
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Blake H. Lynch
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Abhinav Agarwal
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Nalinie Wickramasinghe
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Srinivas D. Sithu
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Jasmit Shah
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- School of Public Health & Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Timothy E. O’Toole
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Shesh N. Rai
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- School of Public Health & Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center
- Diabetes and Obesity Center
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine
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Abstract
Many features of the environment have been found to exert an important influence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, progression, and severity. Changes in the environment because of migration to different geographic locations, modifications in lifestyle choices, and shifts in social policies and cultural practices alter CVD risk, even in the absence of genetic changes. Nevertheless, the cumulative impact of the environment on CVD risk has been difficult to assess and the mechanisms by which some environment factors influence CVD remain obscure. Human environments are complex, and their natural, social, and personal domains are highly variable because of diversity in human ecosystems, evolutionary histories, social structures, and individual choices. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that ecological features such as the diurnal cycles of light and day, sunlight exposure, seasons, and geographic characteristics of the natural environment such as altitude, latitude, and greenspaces are important determinants of cardiovascular health and CVD risk. In highly developed societies, the influence of the natural environment is moderated by the physical characteristics of the social environments such as the built environment and pollution, as well as by socioeconomic status and social networks. These attributes of the social environment shape lifestyle choices that significantly modify CVD risk. An understanding of how different domains of the environment, individually and collectively, affect CVD risk could lead to a better appraisal of CVD and aid in the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies to limit the increasingly high global burden of heart disease and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruni Bhatnagar
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center and the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY.
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Yousefipour Z, Chug N, Marek K, Nesbary A, Mathew J, Ranganna K, Newaz MA. Contribution of PPARγ in modulation of acrolein-induced inflammatory signaling in gp91 phox knock-out mice. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:482-490. [PMID: 28376311 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are major contributors to acrolein toxicity. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the contribution of PPARγ ligand GW1929 to the attenuation of oxidative stress in acrolein-induced insult. Male gp91phox knock-out (KO) mice were treated with acrolein (0.5 mg·(kg body mass)-1 by intraperitoneal injection for 7 days) with or without GW1929 (GW; 0.5 mg·(kg body mass)-1·day-1, orally, for 10 days). The livers were processed for further analyses. Acrolein significantly increased 8-isoprostane and reduced PPARγ activity (P < 0.05) in the wild type (WT) and KO mice. GW1929 reduced 8-isoprostane (by 32% and 40% in WT and KO mice, respectively) and increased PPARγ activity (by 81% and 92% in WT and KO, respectively). Chemokine activity was increased (by 63%) in acrolein-treated WT mice, and was reduced by GW1929 (by 65%). KO mice exhibited higher xanthine oxidase (XO). Acrolein increased XO and COX in WT mice and XO in KO mice. GW1929 significantly reduced COX in WT and KO mice and reduced XO in KO mice. Acrolein significantly reduced the total antioxidant status in WT and KO mice (P < 0.05), which was improved by GW1929 (by 75% and 74%). The levels of NF-κB were higher in acrolein-treated WT mice. GW1929 reduced NF-κB levels (by 51%) in KO mice. Acrolein increased CD36 in KO mice (by 43%), which was blunted with GW1929. Data confirms that the generation of free radicals by acrolein is mainly through NAD(P)H, but other oxygenates play a role too. GW1929 may alleviate the toxicity of acrolein by attenuating NF-κB, COX, and CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zivar Yousefipour
- a College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Neha Chug
- b College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60503, USA
| | - Katarzyna Marek
- b College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60503, USA
| | - Alicia Nesbary
- b College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60503, USA
| | - Joseph Mathew
- a College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Kasturi Ranganna
- a College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Mohammad A Newaz
- b College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60503, USA
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Ogunwale M, Li M, Ramakrishnam Raju MV, Chen Y, Nantz MH, Conklin DJ, Fu XA. Aldehyde Detection in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1207-1214. [PMID: 28393137 PMCID: PMC5377270 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde are the principal toxic aldehydes present in cigarette smoke and contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease and noncancerous pulmonary disease. The rapid growth of the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has raised concerns over emissions of these harmful aldehydes. This work determines emissions of these aldehydes in both free and bound (aldehyde-hemiacetal) forms and other carbonyls from the use of e-cigarettes. A novel silicon microreactor with a coating phase of 4-(2-aminooxyethyl)-morpholin-4-ium chloride (AMAH) was used to trap carbonyl compounds in the aerosols of e-cigarettes via oximation reactions. AMAH-aldehyde adducts were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to analyze hemiacetals in the aerosols. These aldehydes were detected in the aerosols of all e-cigarettes. Newer-generation e-cigarette devices generated more aldehydes than the first-generation e-cigarettes because of higher battery power output. Formaldehyde-hemiacetal was detected in the aerosols generated from some e-liquids using the newer e-cigarette devices at a battery power output of 11.7 W and above. The emission of these aldehydes from all e-cigarettes, especially higher levels of aldehydes from the newer-generation e-cigarette devices, indicates the risk of using e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumiye
A. Ogunwale
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering,
and American Heart Association—Tobacco
Regulation and Addiction Center, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering,
and American Heart Association—Tobacco
Regulation and Addiction Center, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Mandapati V. Ramakrishnam Raju
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering,
and American Heart Association—Tobacco
Regulation and Addiction Center, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Yizheng Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering,
and American Heart Association—Tobacco
Regulation and Addiction Center, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Michael H. Nantz
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering,
and American Heart Association—Tobacco
Regulation and Addiction Center, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering,
and American Heart Association—Tobacco
Regulation and Addiction Center, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Xiao-An Fu
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering,
and American Heart Association—Tobacco
Regulation and Addiction Center, University
of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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Kalgutkar AS. Liabilities Associated with the Formation of “Hard” Electrophiles in Reactive Metabolite Trapping Screens. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:220-238. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit S. Kalgutkar
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism − New Chemical
Entities, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the progressive reduction of glomerular filtration rate and subsequent retention of organic waste compounds called uremic toxins. While patients with CKD are at a higher risk of premature death due to cardiovascular complications, this increased risk cannot be completely explained by classical cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Instead, recent research suggests that uremic toxins may play a key role in explaining this marked increase in cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD. While spermine, a tetra-amine, has previously been hypothesized to act as an uremic toxin, the following review presents a summary of recent literature that casts doubt on this assertion. Instead, acrolein, an oxidative product of spermine and the triamine spermidine, is likely responsible for the toxic effects previously attributed to spermine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal K Sindhu
- a Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
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Acrolein increases macrophage atherogenicity in association with gut microbiota remodeling in atherosclerotic mice: protective role for the polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1709-1725. [PMID: 27696135 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The unsaturated aldehyde acrolein is pro-atherogenic, and the polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice (PJ), known for its anti-oxidative/anti-atherogenic properties, inhibits macrophage foam cell formation, the hallmark feature of early atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate two unexplored areas of acrolein atherogenicity: macrophage lipid metabolism and the gut microbiota composition. The protective effects of PJ against acrolein atherogenicity were also evaluated. Atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice that were fed acrolein (3 mg/kg/day) for 1 month showed significant increases in serum and aortic cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipid peroxides. In peritoneal macrophages isolated from the mice and in J774A.1 cultured macrophages, acrolein exposure increased intracellular oxidative stress and stimulated cholesterol and triglyceride accumulation via enhanced rates of their biosynthesis and over-expression of key regulators of cellular lipid biosynthesis: sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1). Acrolein-fed mice demonstrated a major shift in the gut microbiota composition, including a significant phylum-level change in increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes. At the family level, acrolein significantly increased the prevalence of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae of which the Coprococcus genus was significantly and positively correlated with serum, aortic and macrophage lipid levels and peroxidation. The pro-atherogenic effects of acrolein on serum, aortas, macrophages, and the gut microbiota were substantially abolished by PJ. In conclusion, these findings provide novel mechanisms by which acrolein increases macrophage lipid accumulation and alters the gut microbiota composition in association with enhanced atherogenesis. Moreover, PJ was found as an effective strategy against acrolein atherogenicity.
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E-Cigarettes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Evaluation of Evidence, Policy Implications, and Recommendations. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-016-0505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chadwick AC, Holme RL, Chen Y, Thomas MJ, Sorci-Thomas MG, Silverstein RL, Pritchard KA, Sahoo D. Acrolein impairs the cholesterol transport functions of high density lipoproteins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123138. [PMID: 25849485 PMCID: PMC4388475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDL) are considered athero-protective, primarily due to their role in reverse cholesterol transport, where they transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion. The current study was designed to determine the impact of HDL modification by acrolein, a highly reactive aldehyde found in high abundance in cigarette smoke, on the cholesterol transport functions of HDL. HDL was chemically-modified with acrolein and immunoblot and mass spectrometry analyses confirmed apolipoprotein crosslinking, as well as acrolein adducts on apolipoproteins A-I and A-II. The ability of acrolein-modified HDL (acro-HDL) to serve as an acceptor of free cholesterol (FC) from COS-7 cells transiently expressing SR-BI was significantly decreased. Further, in contrast to native HDL, acro-HDL promotes higher neutral lipid accumulation in murine macrophages as judged by Oil Red O staining. The ability of acro-HDL to mediate efficient selective uptake of HDL-cholesteryl esters (CE) into SR-BI-expressing cells was reduced compared to native HDL. Together, the findings from our studies suggest that acrolein modification of HDL produces a dysfunctional particle that may ultimately promote atherogenesis by impairing functions that are critical in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Chadwick
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Holme
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Roy L. Silverstein
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kirkwood A. Pritchard
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Reaves DK, Ginsburg E, Bang JJ, Fleming JM. Persistent organic pollutants and obesity: are they potential mechanisms for breast cancer promotion? Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:R69-86. [PMID: 25624167 PMCID: PMC4352112 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary ingestion of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is correlated with the development of obesity. Obesity alters metabolism, induces an inflammatory tissue microenvironment, and is also linked to diabetes and breast cancer risk/promotion of the disease. However, no direct evidence exists with regard to the correlation among all three of these factors (POPs, obesity, and breast cancer). Herein, we present results from current correlative studies indicating a causal link between POP exposure through diet and their bioaccumulation in adipose tissue that promotes the development of obesity and ultimately influences breast cancer development and/or progression. Furthermore, as endocrine disruptors, POPs could interfere with hormonally responsive tissue functions causing dysregulation of hormone signaling and cell function. This review highlights the critical need for advanced in vitro and in vivo model systems to elucidate the complex relationship among obesity, POPs, and breast cancer, and, more importantly, to delineate their multifaceted molecular, cellular, and biochemical mechanisms. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies directly testing the observed correlations as well as detailing their molecular mechanisms are vital to cancer research and, ultimately, public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise K Reaves
- Department of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, MTSC Room 2247, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USANational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Training, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADepartment of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - Erika Ginsburg
- Department of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, MTSC Room 2247, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USANational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Training, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADepartment of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - John J Bang
- Department of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, MTSC Room 2247, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USANational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Training, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADepartment of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - Jodie M Fleming
- Department of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, MTSC Room 2247, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USANational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Training, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USADepartment of BiologyNorth Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
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